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(calm music)
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- [Colm] Madrid, a city
of pride and passion,
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and at its heart, a museum
with secrets dark and strange,
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a lethal lost art,
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a clock possessed by the devil,
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(spirit howling)
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and a subterranean quest
for the riches of Spain,
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(suspenseful orchestral music)
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secrets hidden in plain sight
inside Madrid's Palacio Real.
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(mysterious music)
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In Madrid, there is no
building more imposing
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or more magnificent than this.
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It's the Royal Palace, or
in Spanish, Palacio Real.
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For centuries, it has been at the center
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of Spain's political and social life,
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from the Bourbon monarchs
through the dark years
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of dictator Francisco Franco
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(crowd cheering)
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to its present incarnation
as a working palace
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and extraordinary museum.
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In what were once royal
ballrooms and bedrooms,
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royal possessions are
now on public display.
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A king wore this armor.
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A queen told the time by this clock.
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And a royal retainer
commissioned this fresco
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to remind visitors of how
Spain achieved its power.
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It shows Christopher
Columbus giving the planet
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to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
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Thanks to Columbus, conquistadors
had a new world to conquer
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and treasure to send back
to Spain by the galleon load
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to gild the ceilings of the palace.
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(calm orchestral music)
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Historian Marcos
Martinon-Torres specializes
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in the era of the Spanish Empire.
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(calm guitar music)
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- One of the aspects I've been researching
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is the material reason behind the splendor
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and the power of Spain.
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- [Colm] Marcos believes
that the foundation
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of Spanish wealth was not silver or gold
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but a third element, hidden
in plain sight in this room.
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What it is and how it shaped
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Spain's destiny is a museum secret.
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(crystal chiming)
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The investigation begins
in the Spanish town
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of Almaden at the bottom of a mine shaft.
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(suspenseful music)
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Far beneath the ground,
Marcos navigates tunnels
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dug hundreds of years ago.
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The miners weren't looking
for silver or gold.
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- So this is what the miners were after.
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This is cinnabar,
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this red rock that we see
here running in a vein.
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Only here would you get such high amounts
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of this precious red stone.
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It was crushed to create
bright red pigments.
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Some of those frescoes we've
seen at the Palacio Real
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are actually made with this pigment.
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And that's one of the reasons
that made cinnabar so special,
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so appealing to different
cultures throughout time.
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- [Colm] But it wasn't cinnabar's color
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that shaped Spain's destiny.
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16th century Spaniards learned
that it can be transformed.
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- Somehow, they figured out
that by heating the cinnabar,
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they could evaporate the sulfur.
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They would be left
behind with tiny droplets
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of what we now know was mercury,
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this fascinating liquid metal.
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- [Colm] Today we know that
mercury gives off toxic vapor,
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which is why the Almaden
mine was closed in 2000.
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- We now can explain
it in scientific terms.
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But also in the 16th
century, people would see
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that people would go mad and die
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(man screaming)
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after working with mercury.
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- [Colm] 16th century alchemists
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believed the risk was worth it.
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Some thought mercury was the
fabled philosopher's stone
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that could turn lead into gold,
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while others discovered
the element's real magic.
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Mercury can liberate precious
metals from low-grade ore,
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and that would become the
lucrative solution to a problem.
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- During the first few
centuries of Spanish expansion
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into America, it seemed
relatively easy to just go there
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and exploit the richest
gold and silver ores,
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but very soon after the
Spanish start exploiting that,
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they found that the richest veins,
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the riches ores had been exhausted.
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So they had poorer veins
that required more labor
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to extract a smaller amount of silver.
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- [Colm] In what is now Bolivia,
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and what was then a Spanish colony,
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there is a mountain of
low-grade silver ore.
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Here, Spanish engineers scaled
up the alchemical process.
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While natives were forced
to work in the mines
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bringing silver ore to the surface,
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mules plodded in circles on a stone patio
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to mix seawater, silver ore, and mercury.
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- It was through this
trampling that the mercury
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would eventually amalgamate
with the silver so that it would
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finally leave the silver
behind for you to collect.
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- [Colm] Each kilogram of silver
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required two kilograms of mercury
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from the Almaden mine in Spain.
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- 1/3 of all the mercury ever produced
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across the world came from this mine.
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There was a massive logistical enterprise
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to send these massive amounts
of mercury to America.
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- [Colm] Upping mercury production
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came at a tragic human cost.
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- Tremors, severe pains, lots of people
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are reported as going
insane, and of course,
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many of them as well
would die prematurely.
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- [Colm] In the Americas,
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the problem was even more devastating.
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(man coughing)
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- The patio process was particularly toxic
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because you generated a lot of vapor
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and a lot of mercury compounds.
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- [Colm] Historians estimate
that over several centuries,
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eight million miners died
to produce precious metals
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which would have a value
today of $30 trillion.
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- Without the mercury,
we wouldn't have had
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the gold and silver that
made us rich back then.
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It's very difficult to overestimate
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the importance of mercury
to the history of Spain.
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- [Colm] The element that
shaped Spain's destiny
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is hidden in plain sight
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in the Palacio Real's Hall of Mirrors.
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- If you wanted to make a mirror,
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until almost the 20th century,
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you needed transparent glass
and then a reflective backing
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which was made of mercury
combined with tin in an amalgam.
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So when I look at this
mirror and see my face,
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I'm seeing myself, of course,
but I'm also seeing mercury.
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- [Colm] The mirror
makers sealed the glass
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to protect the royals
from toxic mercury vapor.
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Eight million Spanish
subjects weren't so lucky.
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(powerful orchestral music)
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Next on Museum Secrets, the
lost art of the sword master.
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(mysterious music)
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The Palacio Real, the
Royal Palace of Spain,
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stands in a city with a glorious past.
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It attracts more than a
million visitors every year.
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Today, two people from New York City
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plan to do more than take
in the sights of Madrid.
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Ramon Martinez and his wife,
Jeannette Acosta-Martinez,
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are the world's foremost experts
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in a unique style of fencing
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that was practiced in
Spain three centuries ago.
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(swords clanking)
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They're trying to revive this
lost art and solve a mystery.
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On this plaza, on a summer day in 1646,
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17 swordsmen lined up
to accept the challenge
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of a man named Don
Miguel Perez de Mendoza.
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And it would seem that Mendoza was a fool
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because in fencing, to
defeat even one opponent
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requires the utmost stamina.
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To face three challengers
would be exhausting.
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And as for defeating 17, that
would seem to be impossible.
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Why did Mendoza challenge so many?
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And how did he hope to survive?
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Ramon may be in a unique
position to uncover these secrets
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because he and Mendoza have
a few things in common,
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starting with Mendoza's neighborhood.
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- This was a very dangerous
area in the 17th century,
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and anything can happen.
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You had all kinds of violent people,
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you cut throats in any corner.
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You had other swordsmen.
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You never know if there
was a rivalry or not.
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This is put up or shut up right
here in this neighborhood.
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- [Colm] To Ramon, these
mean streets are familiar.
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- I was born and raised
in The Bronx, New York.
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More exact, I come from the South Bronx,
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which is probably one of the most
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dangerous areas in New York City.
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When we're talking about 16th century
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or 17th century Madrid as compared
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to the South Bronx of the '60s and '70s,
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I would say it was pretty much the same.
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I started carrying a blade when
I was like seven years old,
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not so much for being violent,
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which is the last thing on Earth
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that you would even look for,
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but you'd use it as a tool,
as a method of self-defense,
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and everybody had a blade.
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- [Colm] In old Madrid, the
blade of choice was the rapier,
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like the ones on display
in the Palacio Real.
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- What you see here is a collection
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of rapiers that were typical
of the mid 17th century.
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These weapons are the
weapons of personal defense.
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This would've been the Glock of its time,
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light, lethal, extremely maneuverable.
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- [Colm] Don Miguel Perez de
Mendoza owned such a weapon,
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but so did each of his 17 challengers.
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So why did Mendoza think he had an edge?
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(suspenseful music)
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Ramon believes the answer in
is Spain's National Library.
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For over 30 years, Ramon
has studied rare documents
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that have allowed him to recreate
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Mendoza's uniquely Spanish
style of swordplay.
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It was known simply as the
skill, but in Spanish, destreza.
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- All fencing schools
are effective and deadly,
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but what made this unique
was that it was not
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based upon preconceived techniques.
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It was founded upon a
profound understanding
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of spatial relationships and movement.
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Destreza made a swordsman
very cold blooded,
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detached, his adversaries nothing more
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than a geometric problem
that he has to solve.
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- [Colm] As a well-known destreza master,
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Mendoza couldn't walk through Madrid
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without constant challenges from wannabes.
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So he decided to prove once and for all
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that he was the best.
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- He asked King Philip IV permission
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to post cartels throughout the kingdom
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as an open challenge to any
swordsman who would face him.
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So he was answered by 17 swordsmen,
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and he faced 'em all in front of the king.
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- [Colm] As for how
Mendoza fought that day,
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Ramon and Jeanette hope to demonstrate
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with a destreza master class.
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(speaking in foreign language)
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- We'll begin with a salute.
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Destreza has actually nothing to do
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with what most people are familiar with,
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which is modern sport fencing.
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One of the most blatant difference is
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that modern sport fencing,
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they note all the combat is linear.
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They conduct all of that on a strip.
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She follows me, maintaining the distance.
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Destreza combat takes place
on an imaginary circle
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that moves along the
ground with the combatants.
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So I'm following her.
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I'm being very careful
not to come too close
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or too far away, but I
don't have to stay there.
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I can switch directions,
now she has to follow me,
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00:13:21,920 --> 00:13:23,570
and she can do the same thing to me.
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And the reality is, you want
to deceive your adversary.
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You want to confuse him.
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Don't be like a cat stalking a mouse
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because I see some of you
doing this, you're stalking.
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- Yeah.
(students laugh)
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- No, you have to be serene.
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Avoid any tension, avoid any
excessive actions of the legs
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because you will get tired very quickly.
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And once you start to move, you're not--
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- [Colm] An opponent's
body language is key.
252
00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:50,440
- Take your time.
253
00:13:50,440 --> 00:13:53,730
You have to gaze and
see not only the blade,
254
00:13:53,730 --> 00:13:56,150
you have to see the positioning
of the person's shoulders,
255
00:13:56,150 --> 00:13:58,740
the person's feet, how
he's holding his arm.
256
00:13:58,740 --> 00:14:02,183
You are observing constantly
what the other person's doing.
257
00:14:03,850 --> 00:14:06,090
It has to do with
cold-blooded determination
258
00:14:06,090 --> 00:14:07,830
and being able to solve that problem,
259
00:14:07,830 --> 00:14:09,540
which that person is a problem for you
260
00:14:09,540 --> 00:14:11,080
because he's trying to kill you.
261
00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:13,230
Okay, that's a problem
that you don't want.
262
00:14:15,220 --> 00:14:16,980
- [Colm] Ramon believes that Mendoza used
263
00:14:16,980 --> 00:14:18,570
the same techniques when he faced
264
00:14:18,570 --> 00:14:22,143
17 challengers, one by one.
265
00:14:24,190 --> 00:14:26,160
- But he would've waited for the adversary
266
00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:27,980
to initiate so that they would basically
267
00:14:27,980 --> 00:14:30,463
give themselves away, their intention.
268
00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:32,540
You see him in front of you,
269
00:14:32,540 --> 00:14:34,290
when you go to reach to touch him?
270
00:14:34,290 --> 00:14:35,815
He's gone, like a ghost.
271
00:14:35,815 --> 00:14:37,730
- [Challenger] Oh, oh!
272
00:14:37,730 --> 00:14:40,170
- [Colm] So while traditional
swashbuckling swordsmen
273
00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:44,730
move fast and furiously,
destreza involves calculation
274
00:14:44,730 --> 00:14:46,183
but far less exertion.
275
00:14:47,400 --> 00:14:50,120
A traditional swordsman
may strike many times
276
00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:54,175
while a destreza master may
only have to strike once.
277
00:14:54,175 --> 00:14:56,008
- [Challenger] Oh, oh!
278
00:14:56,860 --> 00:14:58,810
- [Colm] In the plaza
where Mendoza fought,
279
00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:00,820
Ramon and Jeanette can spar for hours
280
00:15:00,820 --> 00:15:02,113
without breaking a sweat,
281
00:15:03,800 --> 00:15:06,680
and so it seems did Mendoza himself
282
00:15:06,680 --> 00:15:09,680
as he dispatched one
challenger after the other.
283
00:15:09,680 --> 00:15:11,610
(sword whooshes)
(challenger grunts)
284
00:15:11,610 --> 00:15:14,760
And when Mendoza discovered
he was the last man standing,
285
00:15:14,760 --> 00:15:17,253
Ramon believes he knows
what he was thinking.
286
00:15:18,940 --> 00:15:21,040
- It was great, I wish I could keep going.
287
00:15:22,410 --> 00:15:25,280
Bring on 17 more!
(both laughing)
288
00:15:25,280 --> 00:15:28,000
- [Colm] Beside each of
Mendoza's fallen challengers
289
00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:31,790
was a lethal weapon, much like
the ones in the Palacio Real.
290
00:15:33,723 --> 00:15:36,760
Even the finest rapier is no protection
291
00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:38,473
against a master of destreza.
292
00:15:39,484 --> 00:15:43,489
(calm flamenco guitar)
293
00:15:43,489 --> 00:15:44,322
(eerie music)
294
00:15:44,322 --> 00:15:48,373
Next on Museum Secrets, a
clock possessed by the devil.
295
00:15:49,427 --> 00:15:52,631
(spirit howling)
296
00:15:52,631 --> 00:15:55,548
(mysterious music)
297
00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,810
This morning at the Palacio Real,
298
00:15:58,810 --> 00:16:01,750
this curator can look
forward to a long day
299
00:16:03,860 --> 00:16:06,763
because his job is to wind the clocks.
300
00:16:08,171 --> 00:16:10,921
(clocks chiming)
301
00:16:13,910 --> 00:16:18,833
Here, there are 700 timepieces
dating from the 18th century.
302
00:16:22,230 --> 00:16:25,290
The collection was started
by King Ferdinand VI
303
00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:27,690
who is remembered for being indecisive
304
00:16:27,690 --> 00:16:32,263
except in his love for his
wife, Maria, and for clocks.
305
00:16:48,450 --> 00:16:51,650
- [Colm] Collecting clocks
became a royal obsession,
306
00:16:51,650 --> 00:16:55,453
and curator Amelia Aranda has
the paper trail to prove it.
307
00:17:05,910 --> 00:17:08,863
- [Colm] Making a clock for
a king was highly lucrative,
308
00:17:10,040 --> 00:17:11,890
but for one young clockmaker,
309
00:17:11,890 --> 00:17:15,160
it nearly became a
life-threatening experience.
310
00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:16,850
(man screaming)
311
00:17:16,850 --> 00:17:19,373
The reason why is a museum secret.
312
00:17:21,700 --> 00:17:25,743
Our story begins in 1758
in Geneva, Switzerland,
313
00:17:27,470 --> 00:17:30,250
where a young genius
named Pierre Jaquet-Droz
314
00:17:30,250 --> 00:17:33,543
decided to create the world's
most advanced timepiece.
315
00:17:35,170 --> 00:17:37,653
And it would do much more than tell time.
316
00:17:39,990 --> 00:17:41,390
While restoring the clock,
317
00:17:41,390 --> 00:17:43,500
curator Manuel Santolaya Sanchez
318
00:17:43,500 --> 00:17:45,380
discovered the intricate mechanisms
319
00:17:45,380 --> 00:17:48,694
that Droz crafted to
remember musical melodies.
320
00:17:48,694 --> 00:17:51,111
(calm music)
321
00:17:58,439 --> 00:18:01,106
(bells chiming)
322
00:18:06,836 --> 00:18:09,503
(bird tweeting)
323
00:18:24,985 --> 00:18:27,818
(flute whistling)
324
00:18:29,040 --> 00:18:30,980
- [Colm] To refine the clock's logic,
325
00:18:30,980 --> 00:18:33,170
he pioneered the mathematical formulas
326
00:18:33,170 --> 00:18:35,811
we now call algorithms.
327
00:18:35,811 --> 00:18:38,478
(clock ticking)
328
00:18:39,420 --> 00:18:42,000
When the clock was
finished, Droz loaded it
329
00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:45,283
on a cart and traveled overland to Spain.
330
00:18:55,174 --> 00:18:57,080
- [Colm] Droz hoped to
win a royal commission
331
00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:58,540
from the influential monarch
332
00:18:58,540 --> 00:19:01,133
that would make his name and his career.
333
00:19:04,500 --> 00:19:06,300
But when he entered the palace,
334
00:19:06,300 --> 00:19:08,233
King Ferdinand was not at home.
335
00:19:09,610 --> 00:19:12,003
His much-loved wife had died suddenly,
336
00:19:13,260 --> 00:19:15,470
and the king had retired to this gloomy
337
00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:17,373
medieval castle to mourn.
338
00:19:20,610 --> 00:19:23,410
As Droz prepared to unveil his creation,
339
00:19:23,410 --> 00:19:24,790
he must've worried that the king
340
00:19:24,790 --> 00:19:26,973
would be in no mood for clocks.
341
00:19:30,750 --> 00:19:33,123
He waited nervously for
the king's reaction.
342
00:19:41,086 --> 00:19:43,836
(flute whistles)
343
00:19:56,934 --> 00:19:58,062
(king laughs)
344
00:19:58,062 --> 00:19:59,610
- [Colm] But while the king was delighted,
345
00:19:59,610 --> 00:20:02,027
his Catholic advisors were not.
346
00:20:02,027 --> 00:20:03,480
(advisor whispering)
347
00:20:03,480 --> 00:20:05,770
To them, the lifelike automata
348
00:20:05,770 --> 00:20:08,299
could only be the work of the devil.
349
00:20:08,299 --> 00:20:11,790
(spirit howling)
350
00:20:11,790 --> 00:20:14,530
They ordered Droz to
provide an explanation
351
00:20:14,530 --> 00:20:16,203
or face the inquisition.
352
00:20:20,300 --> 00:20:22,280
Droz was forced to open the mechanism
353
00:20:22,280 --> 00:20:25,090
to prove it wasn't driven
by the devil's magic,
354
00:20:25,090 --> 00:20:28,143
just wires and bellows and gears.
355
00:20:30,550 --> 00:20:32,500
The churchmen agreed
that Droz would escape
356
00:20:32,500 --> 00:20:35,353
the inquisitor's scrutiny this time,
357
00:20:36,430 --> 00:20:39,010
and the king agreed to purchase the clock
358
00:20:39,010 --> 00:20:40,567
for a king's ransom.
359
00:20:40,567 --> 00:20:43,234
(clock ticking)
360
00:20:52,613 --> 00:20:54,660
(clock chiming)
361
00:20:54,660 --> 00:20:56,890
- [Colm] When Droz got
back home to Switzerland,
362
00:20:56,890 --> 00:20:59,510
he turned his attention
from animated clocks
363
00:20:59,510 --> 00:21:01,273
to the automata themselves,
364
00:21:03,360 --> 00:21:07,190
creating mechanical androids,
and in an achievement
365
00:21:07,190 --> 00:21:11,190
long ahead of its time, a
programmable mechanical hand
366
00:21:11,190 --> 00:21:13,313
that could write a complete sentence.
367
00:21:14,355 --> 00:21:16,640
(whimsical music)
368
00:21:16,640 --> 00:21:18,860
It's probably a good
thing that this wonder
369
00:21:18,860 --> 00:21:21,230
was never seen by Spain's inquisitors
370
00:21:22,170 --> 00:21:25,210
because if it had been, Pierre Jaquet-Droz
371
00:21:25,210 --> 00:21:27,283
may have died before his time.
372
00:21:28,617 --> 00:21:31,497
(fire crackling)
(man screaming)
373
00:21:31,497 --> 00:21:32,880
(lively flamenco guitar music)
374
00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:36,413
Up next, the secret of
the flamenco master.
375
00:21:39,931 --> 00:21:43,130
(mysterious music)
376
00:21:43,130 --> 00:21:44,220
(calm guitar music)
377
00:21:44,220 --> 00:21:48,253
In the Palacio Real, one
gallery is devoted to music.
378
00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:53,450
For centuries, Spain has been best known
379
00:21:53,450 --> 00:21:58,450
for the sound of the guitar,
especially when the guitar
380
00:21:58,460 --> 00:22:00,734
is in the hands of a master of flamenco.
381
00:22:00,734 --> 00:22:04,067
(lively flamenco music)
382
00:22:06,410 --> 00:22:09,340
On most evenings after the Palacio closes,
383
00:22:09,340 --> 00:22:12,150
scores of tourists stroll just next door
384
00:22:12,150 --> 00:22:14,883
to one of Madrid's
best-known flamenco clubs.
385
00:22:16,485 --> 00:22:19,100
(lively flamenco music)
386
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:23,243
The rhythms are mesmerizing,
and the performers are intense.
387
00:22:26,810 --> 00:22:29,510
But there are rarely any
local people in the audience.
388
00:22:31,630 --> 00:22:34,190
Is this flamenco authentic?
389
00:22:34,190 --> 00:22:37,203
Or is there a real flamenco
that tourists don't see?
390
00:22:44,800 --> 00:22:46,880
These secrets are of personal interest
391
00:22:46,880 --> 00:22:48,380
to a woman named Yinka Graves.
392
00:22:50,030 --> 00:22:52,760
She was born in England,
but she's come to Madrid
393
00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:54,593
to discover the real flamenco.
394
00:22:55,840 --> 00:22:58,020
- I started taking flamenco lessons
395
00:22:58,020 --> 00:23:00,430
just as a hobby, sort of once a week,
396
00:23:00,430 --> 00:23:04,320
and I suppose flamenco, maybe
because of its complexity,
397
00:23:04,320 --> 00:23:08,853
once you start getting into
it, it sort of takes over you.
398
00:23:11,090 --> 00:23:14,170
- [Colm] Every day, Yinka enters
this inconspicuous building
399
00:23:14,170 --> 00:23:15,920
and climbs the stairs to the famous
400
00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:19,144
flamenco school called Amor de Dios.
401
00:23:19,144 --> 00:23:22,870
(calm flamenco music)
402
00:23:22,870 --> 00:23:26,503
The facility may look tired,
but the teachers aren't.
403
00:23:28,220 --> 00:23:30,100
- Most of them are top flamenco dancers.
404
00:23:30,100 --> 00:23:32,440
You know, this is the creme de la creme.
405
00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:33,560
If you want to learn flamenco,
406
00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:35,260
this is the best place to come to.
407
00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:38,840
- [Colm] Here, there is little evidence
408
00:23:38,840 --> 00:23:40,763
of the tourist image of flamenco,
409
00:23:44,210 --> 00:23:47,113
except for some posters from the 1960s.
410
00:23:49,940 --> 00:23:52,630
Then, Spain was a poor nation
411
00:23:53,770 --> 00:23:56,463
ruled by dictator Francisco Franco.
412
00:23:57,750 --> 00:24:01,190
He ordered Spanish
gypsies known as gitanos
413
00:24:01,190 --> 00:24:03,770
to make their traditions,
including flamenco,
414
00:24:03,770 --> 00:24:05,363
more tourist friendly.
415
00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:09,720
- That image of the flamenco dancer,
416
00:24:09,720 --> 00:24:11,890
the castanets, the polka dot dresses
417
00:24:11,890 --> 00:24:16,230
as something that would sell
Spain to the foreign world
418
00:24:16,230 --> 00:24:18,830
was something that was
created during Franco's time.
419
00:24:19,700 --> 00:24:22,480
- [Colm] At Yinka's school,
there are no castanets
420
00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:27,010
and frilly dresses, only clapping hands
421
00:24:27,010 --> 00:24:30,537
and an improvised song called a solea.
422
00:24:30,537 --> 00:24:34,370
(singing in foreign language)
423
00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:42,473
- This is almost like
the mother of flamenco.
424
00:24:42,473 --> 00:24:44,967
This is the base, this is,
these songs used to speak
425
00:24:44,967 --> 00:24:47,941
of a sort of suffering
and lament and so on.
426
00:24:47,941 --> 00:24:50,320
(singing in foreign language)
427
00:24:50,320 --> 00:24:52,070
- [Colm] The pain expressed in the solea
428
00:24:52,070 --> 00:24:53,120
is rooted in history.
429
00:24:55,350 --> 00:24:58,760
Since their caravans reached
Spain in the 15th century,
430
00:24:58,760 --> 00:25:01,450
gitanos have been an oppressed minority,
431
00:25:01,450 --> 00:25:03,333
ghettoized and persecuted.
432
00:25:05,070 --> 00:25:07,010
They were forbidden to perform in public
433
00:25:07,010 --> 00:25:11,330
until King Charles III passed
his leniency edict in 1783.
434
00:25:12,261 --> 00:25:14,963
(calm music)
435
00:25:14,963 --> 00:25:17,770
From then on, the gitanos
were free to perform
436
00:25:17,770 --> 00:25:20,053
but allowed few other
ways to make a living.
437
00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:23,973
Many still live in poverty.
438
00:25:25,036 --> 00:25:29,520
(singing in foreign language)
439
00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,540
When the gitano experience
is expressed in song,
440
00:25:32,540 --> 00:25:35,943
Yinka's role is to translate
the feeling into movement.
441
00:25:37,250 --> 00:25:41,170
For a person who's not a
gitano, this can be a challenge.
442
00:25:41,170 --> 00:25:44,410
- It's difficult if you haven't
really been there with them.
443
00:25:44,410 --> 00:25:46,310
You know, they've got that
sort of long history together
444
00:25:46,310 --> 00:25:50,623
to really, you know, yeah,
sort of do it justice.
445
00:25:51,470 --> 00:25:53,210
- [Colm] But when Yinka
speaks with the school's
446
00:25:53,210 --> 00:25:56,270
elder gitano statesman, Enrique Pantoja,
447
00:25:56,270 --> 00:25:59,210
he tells her that the key
to flamenco is not race
448
00:26:00,050 --> 00:26:01,913
but something called duende.
449
00:26:28,380 --> 00:26:30,080
- [Colm] Teachers encourage their students
450
00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,333
to discover duende on their own.
451
00:26:33,210 --> 00:26:37,190
- It's about you really finding
where you feel comfortable,
452
00:26:37,190 --> 00:26:38,430
'cause ultimately flamenco's something
453
00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:40,508
that you teach yourself
to a certain extent.
454
00:26:40,508 --> 00:26:45,508
(lively flamenco music)
(heels tapping)
455
00:26:45,700 --> 00:26:47,490
- [Colm] To further Yinka's progress,
456
00:26:47,490 --> 00:26:49,960
her teachers have arranged
an informal session
457
00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:52,313
with a family of flamenco luminaries.
458
00:26:53,198 --> 00:26:57,031
(singing in foreign language)
459
00:27:08,306 --> 00:27:11,270
- That was amazing, for
one, and a real honor.
460
00:27:11,270 --> 00:27:12,450
It was like, my gosh, I can't believe
461
00:27:12,450 --> 00:27:14,500
that I'm here with these people.
462
00:27:14,500 --> 00:27:17,240
They really are the people
who live it and have lived it
463
00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:19,340
from the time that they were really young.
464
00:27:20,304 --> 00:27:24,137
(singing in foreign language)
465
00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:33,270
These are the masters,
these are the people
466
00:27:33,270 --> 00:27:35,120
who have the experience and so on,
467
00:27:35,120 --> 00:27:37,520
and you're on the fringes of that.
468
00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:39,210
Now, the lovely thing was that they,
469
00:27:39,210 --> 00:27:41,530
you know, they opened their circle there.
470
00:27:41,530 --> 00:27:43,760
But nevertheless, for me, that was really
471
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:45,233
imposing to a certain extent.
472
00:27:46,550 --> 00:27:50,170
- [Colm] Yinka hangs back,
but then the sad solea changes
473
00:27:50,170 --> 00:27:52,660
into a song of celebration.
474
00:27:52,660 --> 00:27:55,860
- These are the songs that
you'll hear at gypsy weddings.
475
00:27:55,860 --> 00:27:59,010
When people get together,
this is what they sing.
476
00:27:59,010 --> 00:28:01,980
And you can see that in
the energy of the dancing.
477
00:28:01,980 --> 00:28:05,223
It's really, really very
powerful and so much fun.
478
00:28:06,530 --> 00:28:08,570
- [Colm] The family's duende has inspired
479
00:28:08,570 --> 00:28:10,003
Yinka to find her own.
480
00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:14,210
And as Enrique tells his students,
481
00:28:14,210 --> 00:28:17,873
inspired flamenco is real flamenco,
482
00:28:19,163 --> 00:28:20,830
(hands clapping)
(feet stomping)
483
00:28:20,830 --> 00:28:24,163
whether or not it's on a
tourist-friendly stage.
484
00:28:25,990 --> 00:28:28,180
(upbeat music)
485
00:28:28,180 --> 00:28:32,003
Up next, the secret of
surviving an Apache attack.
486
00:28:34,569 --> 00:28:37,543
(mysterious music)
487
00:28:37,543 --> 00:28:39,350
(stately orchestral music)
488
00:28:39,350 --> 00:28:43,640
In the Hall of Armor, historical
technologist Andre Renier
489
00:28:43,640 --> 00:28:45,623
is looking for a new challenge.
490
00:28:52,100 --> 00:28:54,440
He has spent 10 years recreating armor
491
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:56,630
made of steel and discovering how
492
00:28:56,630 --> 00:28:58,680
it would've performed on the battlefield.
493
00:29:01,091 --> 00:29:06,091
(horse neighing)
(hooves clomping)
494
00:29:06,120 --> 00:29:10,990
But today, something much
less shiny has caught his eye.
495
00:29:10,990 --> 00:29:13,033
- [Andre] What is this?
496
00:29:13,033 --> 00:29:16,187
- This is a very special kind of shield.
497
00:29:16,187 --> 00:29:19,120
It is called an adarga.
498
00:29:19,120 --> 00:29:24,120
So it means, this is in Spanish
a word that comes Arabic,
499
00:29:24,430 --> 00:29:27,120
from (speaks in foreign
language), it means leather.
500
00:29:27,120 --> 00:29:31,653
They were only used in Spain
during the Islamic dynasties.
501
00:29:34,970 --> 00:29:37,780
- [Colm] In the 15th century,
when Spaniards rebelled
502
00:29:37,780 --> 00:29:40,900
against Islamic rule,
their Muslim adversaries,
503
00:29:40,900 --> 00:29:44,690
the Moors, fended off
arrows, lances, and swords
504
00:29:44,690 --> 00:29:47,400
with leather shields like this one.
505
00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:50,350
(lively orchestral music)
506
00:29:50,350 --> 00:29:54,600
- If an arrow or a lance goes inside,
507
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:58,410
passes the leather, when you take it out,
508
00:29:58,410 --> 00:30:01,680
the leather will be
closed immediately again.
509
00:30:01,680 --> 00:30:03,860
- So it's a self-healing--
510
00:30:03,860 --> 00:30:04,710
- Yes.
- Shield.
511
00:30:05,750 --> 00:30:08,000
- [Colm] As Spain gained its independence,
512
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:09,973
shields and armor evolved.
513
00:30:11,950 --> 00:30:14,860
Soldiers and horses,
sometimes even children,
514
00:30:14,860 --> 00:30:17,293
were encased in shells of steel.
515
00:30:20,150 --> 00:30:21,700
By the 16th century,
516
00:30:21,700 --> 00:30:24,618
European soldiers started using muskets,
517
00:30:24,618 --> 00:30:27,710
(musket fire explodes)
518
00:30:27,710 --> 00:30:31,040
making the leather adarga obsolete.
519
00:30:31,040 --> 00:30:31,933
Or was it?
520
00:30:34,290 --> 00:30:37,383
Andre hopes to uncover this museum secret.
521
00:30:40,240 --> 00:30:43,240
The story begins in Tucson, Arizona.
522
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:45,130
Today, it's an artistic enclave
523
00:30:45,130 --> 00:30:47,423
where people of many cultures get along.
524
00:30:48,420 --> 00:30:52,373
But in the 18th century,
that wasn't the case.
525
00:30:55,050 --> 00:30:56,550
The Spanish built this fort
526
00:30:56,550 --> 00:30:58,663
to protect their farms and settlers.
527
00:30:59,750 --> 00:31:02,163
What they feared was the Apaches.
528
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,093
The Apaches were buffalo
hunters of the Plains.
529
00:31:07,940 --> 00:31:12,003
Short of food, they resorted
to raiding Spanish towns.
530
00:31:12,003 --> 00:31:15,500
(Apaches shouting)
(suspenseful music)
531
00:31:15,500 --> 00:31:17,990
When Spanish soldiers battled the Apaches,
532
00:31:17,990 --> 00:31:21,123
they discovered that
European rules did not apply.
533
00:31:22,490 --> 00:31:25,600
The Spaniards were trained
to charge in one direction,
534
00:31:25,600 --> 00:31:28,143
while the Apaches rode
circles around them.
535
00:31:29,860 --> 00:31:33,650
Well-aimed arrows got by
the Spaniards' shields.
536
00:31:33,650 --> 00:31:37,283
Against the Apaches, heavy
steel was a liability.
537
00:31:38,720 --> 00:31:40,941
They needed a different approach.
538
00:31:40,941 --> 00:31:43,740
(calm guitar music)
539
00:31:43,740 --> 00:31:47,380
Back in Spain, the military
had a cavalry training exercise
540
00:31:47,380 --> 00:31:51,625
called the (speaks in foreign
language) or the cane game.
541
00:31:51,625 --> 00:31:53,104
(horse neighs)
542
00:31:53,104 --> 00:31:54,090
(rider shouts)
543
00:31:54,090 --> 00:31:56,440
It's reminiscent of battles
that Spaniards fought
544
00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:59,294
against the Muslim
dynasty centuries before.
545
00:31:59,294 --> 00:32:01,720
(riders shouting)
546
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:04,820
Each trainee fends off
blows with a leather shield
547
00:32:04,820 --> 00:32:07,371
modeled on the ancient Muslim adarga.
548
00:32:07,371 --> 00:32:10,641
(riders shouting)
549
00:32:10,641 --> 00:32:13,880
- The cane game was an
excellent training tool
550
00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,510
to train soldiers because
going in a straight line
551
00:32:17,510 --> 00:32:20,470
against an opponent
like a traditional joust
552
00:32:20,470 --> 00:32:23,860
doesn't prepare you for real-world battle.
553
00:32:23,860 --> 00:32:27,250
This requires you to turn the horse
554
00:32:27,250 --> 00:32:29,523
while engaging your enemy.
555
00:32:32,040 --> 00:32:34,870
- [Colm] As news of the
Apache wars reached Spain,
556
00:32:34,870 --> 00:32:37,970
someone realized that the
cane game's adept maneuvers
557
00:32:37,970 --> 00:32:40,310
and leather shields might have a place
558
00:32:40,310 --> 00:32:41,988
on their New World battlefield.
559
00:32:41,988 --> 00:32:45,900
(riders shouting)
(hooves clomping)
560
00:32:45,900 --> 00:32:49,540
In a museum in Toledo,
one hour south of Madrid,
561
00:32:49,540 --> 00:32:52,460
Andre discovers evidence
of other leather shields
562
00:32:52,460 --> 00:32:56,040
that look like smaller
versions of the Muslim adarga
563
00:32:56,040 --> 00:32:59,533
made well after they
became obsolete in Spain.
564
00:33:01,450 --> 00:33:03,550
- [Andre] Where did this object come from?
565
00:33:16,190 --> 00:33:17,530
- [Colm] To find out how effective
566
00:33:17,530 --> 00:33:20,420
these shields might have
been against the Apache,
567
00:33:20,420 --> 00:33:24,483
Andre intends to recreate an
adarga and put it to a test.
568
00:33:25,650 --> 00:33:29,050
- The original materials,
which would've been Arabian
569
00:33:29,050 --> 00:33:33,710
or Northern African animal
hides simply are not available.
570
00:33:33,710 --> 00:33:37,990
In this case, we used modern
vegetable-tanned leathers
571
00:33:37,990 --> 00:33:42,710
and rawhides, which this
is actually just raw hide.
572
00:33:42,710 --> 00:33:46,900
The rawhide has this stiff flexibility
573
00:33:46,900 --> 00:33:51,620
that allows it to almost
become like cartilage.
574
00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:54,170
- [Colm] But could it have
stopped an Apache arrow?
575
00:33:55,970 --> 00:33:59,223
Andre has decided there is
only one way to find out.
576
00:34:00,940 --> 00:34:04,670
- We're actually going to
have arrows fired at me
577
00:34:04,670 --> 00:34:06,840
by Kember Sparr, he's gonna fire arrows
578
00:34:06,840 --> 00:34:09,229
at me as I ride past.
579
00:34:09,229 --> 00:34:12,229
(suspenseful music)
580
00:34:15,340 --> 00:34:16,173
Yeah!
581
00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:19,880
- [Colm] In multiple tests,
582
00:34:19,880 --> 00:34:22,493
the adarga stops the arrow every time.
583
00:34:24,150 --> 00:34:26,640
On the chaotic New World battlefield,
584
00:34:26,640 --> 00:34:29,623
Andre thinks it would've
been particularly effective.
585
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:32,830
- Normally when you're on a horse,
586
00:34:32,830 --> 00:34:34,220
the shield's only right here.
587
00:34:34,220 --> 00:34:36,450
You can really, you
can't move a whole lot.
588
00:34:36,450 --> 00:34:37,830
You're kinda stuck.
589
00:34:37,830 --> 00:34:42,230
With an adarga, you can go
completely over your back.
590
00:34:42,230 --> 00:34:45,610
It is an amazing equestrian defense
591
00:34:45,610 --> 00:34:48,670
because it doesn't weigh much.
592
00:34:48,670 --> 00:34:52,450
It allows you the flexibility
to defend and stab,
593
00:34:52,450 --> 00:34:55,333
defend, stab, stab over here.
594
00:34:56,720 --> 00:35:00,010
And as I come at them,
if I'm low like this,
595
00:35:00,010 --> 00:35:03,720
I came come right at them
and literally move my horse
596
00:35:03,720 --> 00:35:06,440
away from the oncoming arrows
if I'm far enough away.
597
00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:09,080
I can actually see the
arrow coming and just slide,
598
00:35:09,080 --> 00:35:10,780
I just have to slide a little bit.
599
00:35:13,660 --> 00:35:17,450
And really this is a really
amazing little weapon system.
600
00:35:18,580 --> 00:35:20,960
- [Colm] The adarga would
remain in active service
601
00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:23,060
until the early 19th century
602
00:35:23,060 --> 00:35:26,010
when the Apaches acquired rifles.
603
00:35:26,010 --> 00:35:27,780
Against Apache sharpshooters,
604
00:35:27,780 --> 00:35:29,873
the adarga's revival was short lived.
605
00:35:30,900 --> 00:35:33,070
Like all military technology,
606
00:35:33,070 --> 00:35:36,294
it was destined to become obsolete.
607
00:35:36,294 --> 00:35:39,627
(calm orchestral music)
608
00:35:41,650 --> 00:35:45,433
Up next, the secret of a fascist's defeat.
609
00:35:47,876 --> 00:35:50,793
(mysterious music)
610
00:35:52,110 --> 00:35:55,490
For a few days every year,
the Royal Palace of Spain,
611
00:35:55,490 --> 00:35:58,530
the Palacio Real, closes
its doors to the public
612
00:35:58,530 --> 00:35:59,967
for state occasions.
613
00:36:03,170 --> 00:36:06,363
This man is the king
of Spain, Juan Carlos,
614
00:36:07,380 --> 00:36:10,393
perhaps the world's friendliest
constitutional monarch.
615
00:36:12,380 --> 00:36:14,400
- He's very tactile, he's very physical.
616
00:36:14,400 --> 00:36:16,610
He will embrace people and touch them
617
00:36:16,610 --> 00:36:20,380
and bring them in in a very unique way.
618
00:36:20,380 --> 00:36:22,543
I've never seen any head of state do that.
619
00:36:23,810 --> 00:36:27,160
- [Colm] Juan Carlos is
the genial monarch today,
620
00:36:27,160 --> 00:36:30,183
but there was a time when
Spain had no king at all.
621
00:36:31,730 --> 00:36:33,160
(crowd shouting)
622
00:36:33,160 --> 00:36:38,020
In 1931, when republicans
declared a new democratic state,
623
00:36:38,020 --> 00:36:41,783
Spain's king exiled himself
and his family to Italy.
624
00:36:44,340 --> 00:36:46,950
Five years later, Spain was torn apart
625
00:36:46,950 --> 00:36:49,460
by a devastating three-year civil war
626
00:36:50,993 --> 00:36:54,310
(cannon fire exploding)
627
00:36:54,310 --> 00:36:57,793
after which General Francisco
Franco seized power.
628
00:36:59,670 --> 00:37:03,140
Through World War II and
for 30 years thereafter,
629
00:37:03,140 --> 00:37:06,580
Franco ruled Spain like
an absolute monarch,
630
00:37:06,580 --> 00:37:08,143
even though he wasn't one.
631
00:37:11,440 --> 00:37:14,470
And yet, in the 21st century,
632
00:37:14,470 --> 00:37:17,690
Spain has a hereditary king once more.
633
00:37:17,690 --> 00:37:21,010
How has the Spanish
monarchy returned to power?
634
00:37:21,010 --> 00:37:23,273
That is our museum secret.
635
00:37:25,290 --> 00:37:28,823
Our story begins in Rome in 1948.
636
00:37:30,270 --> 00:37:34,300
Juan Carlos was 10 years
old, a prince in exile
637
00:37:34,300 --> 00:37:36,763
with no prospects of becoming a real king.
638
00:37:38,380 --> 00:37:42,303
And then his father sent him
to Spain to be Franco's ward.
639
00:37:43,340 --> 00:37:45,270
- He justified this extraordinary decision
640
00:37:45,270 --> 00:37:48,250
to hand his son over to the dictator
641
00:37:48,250 --> 00:37:51,600
on the grounds that only
if Juan Carlos was educated
642
00:37:51,600 --> 00:37:55,093
in Spain would he ever be a
viable candidate to the throne.
643
00:37:57,350 --> 00:37:58,520
- [Colm] But Franco did not give
644
00:37:58,520 --> 00:38:01,370
Juan Carlos any royal authority.
645
00:38:01,370 --> 00:38:05,380
He kept all power for himself
while enforcing loyalty
646
00:38:05,380 --> 00:38:08,720
and Catholic morality with an iron fist.
647
00:38:08,720 --> 00:38:11,510
- This was clearly a
dictatorship which lacked
648
00:38:11,510 --> 00:38:14,620
every fundamental political freedom.
649
00:38:14,620 --> 00:38:17,793
Every form of organized
political opposition was banned.
650
00:38:18,870 --> 00:38:20,350
We don't actually have a figure,
651
00:38:20,350 --> 00:38:23,430
but certainly dozens
of thousands of people
652
00:38:23,430 --> 00:38:27,638
were executed for their political beliefs.
653
00:38:27,638 --> 00:38:28,760
(woman sobbing)
654
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:30,400
- [Colm] Often dissenters were arrested
655
00:38:30,400 --> 00:38:33,163
in the dead of night,
never to be seen again.
656
00:38:34,650 --> 00:38:38,401
And those who asked questions
about them also disappeared.
657
00:38:38,401 --> 00:38:40,901
(eerie music)
658
00:38:42,890 --> 00:38:46,350
Even today, the fate of
many remains unknown,
659
00:38:46,350 --> 00:38:48,820
including a man who opposed Franco's rule
660
00:38:48,820 --> 00:38:50,680
and was abducted when
his daughter, Bianca,
661
00:38:50,680 --> 00:38:52,163
was just a little girl.
662
00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:56,160
Her family created this memorial,
663
00:38:56,160 --> 00:38:58,313
even though his body was never found.
664
00:39:01,750 --> 00:39:04,140
Bianca hopes journalist Victor Lancina
665
00:39:04,140 --> 00:39:06,713
can shed some light on her father's death.
666
00:39:31,980 --> 00:39:34,270
- [Colm] As Juan Carlos grew to adulthood,
667
00:39:34,270 --> 00:39:35,800
he could've spoken out on behalf
668
00:39:35,800 --> 00:39:39,113
of those victimized by
Franco, but he didn't.
669
00:39:40,830 --> 00:39:43,010
Instead, he took a military commission
670
00:39:43,010 --> 00:39:46,663
and became the smiling face
of Franco's ruthless regime.
671
00:39:48,390 --> 00:39:50,400
- Some of his most
controversial appearances
672
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:53,120
took place in the Royal Palace
673
00:39:53,120 --> 00:39:55,583
on the balcony just outside here.
674
00:39:57,600 --> 00:39:59,543
However, if you look carefully,
675
00:40:00,490 --> 00:40:03,313
Don Juan Carlos always seems
distinctly uncomfortable.
676
00:40:04,870 --> 00:40:07,460
We also know that he
became increasingly active
677
00:40:07,460 --> 00:40:11,550
in seeking out Spaniards' opinions.
678
00:40:11,550 --> 00:40:13,928
He would contact experts, journalists,
679
00:40:13,928 --> 00:40:16,240
economists, and so on, and talk to them
680
00:40:16,240 --> 00:40:18,113
in private about Spain's problems.
681
00:40:19,340 --> 00:40:21,840
- [Colm] Franco's advisors
suspected Juan Carlos
682
00:40:21,840 --> 00:40:24,040
might be plotting to
overthrow their leader.
683
00:40:25,250 --> 00:40:28,000
Spies monitored his every move,
684
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:30,853
but never did he betray
a hint of disloyalty.
685
00:40:32,370 --> 00:40:35,120
And so, an aging Franco announced
686
00:40:35,120 --> 00:40:39,524
that Juan Carlos would rule
Spain after he was gone.
687
00:40:39,524 --> 00:40:41,430
(crowd applauding)
688
00:40:41,430 --> 00:40:43,500
- The last few people Franco spoke to
689
00:40:43,500 --> 00:40:46,700
all received the same advice from him,
690
00:40:46,700 --> 00:40:49,667
and the advice was, "Support the king."
691
00:40:51,970 --> 00:40:55,740
- [Colm] When Franco died
on November 20th, 1975,
692
00:40:55,740 --> 00:40:58,610
and was laid in state in the Palacio Real,
693
00:40:58,610 --> 00:41:01,310
most Spaniards believed
that nothing would change
694
00:41:01,310 --> 00:41:02,973
when Juan Carlos took power.
695
00:41:05,130 --> 00:41:07,480
But in his first address as king,
696
00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:09,790
he declared his intention to reject
697
00:41:09,790 --> 00:41:11,673
Franco's authoritarian vision.
698
00:41:25,365 --> 00:41:27,240
(crowd applauding)
699
00:41:27,240 --> 00:41:29,750
- [Colm] The king enacted
decrees that set Spain
700
00:41:29,750 --> 00:41:31,936
on a path towards democracy.
701
00:41:31,936 --> 00:41:33,290
(crowd chanting)
702
00:41:33,290 --> 00:41:34,920
- [Christopher] He was, in
fact, much less subservient
703
00:41:34,920 --> 00:41:36,820
to Franco than was generally accepted.
704
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:41,060
- [Colm] But democracy
was not his only goal.
705
00:41:41,060 --> 00:41:44,430
- Kings aren't like the rest of us.
706
00:41:44,430 --> 00:41:46,530
A king has to think about the dynasty.
707
00:41:46,530 --> 00:41:49,220
Dynastic continuity is ultimately
708
00:41:49,220 --> 00:41:52,030
the be all and the end
all of his existence.
709
00:41:52,030 --> 00:41:54,530
His approach to all of
this was quite utilitarian.
710
00:41:55,400 --> 00:41:58,330
Don Juan Carlos realized that the only way
711
00:41:58,330 --> 00:42:01,260
for the restoration to succeed
712
00:42:01,260 --> 00:42:05,163
was to make the monarchy
compatible with democracy.
713
00:42:07,420 --> 00:42:10,840
- [Colm] And that's why the
Spanish monarchy survives
714
00:42:10,840 --> 00:42:13,080
and why the children of the Franco era
715
00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:16,733
have the freedom to discover
what happened to their fathers.
716
00:42:55,500 --> 00:42:57,250
- [Colm] At this place of execution
717
00:42:58,320 --> 00:43:00,593
or in the gilded halls of the palace,
718
00:43:02,250 --> 00:43:05,010
whenever light shines on the past,
719
00:43:05,010 --> 00:43:09,249
the future appears a
little less uncertain.
720
00:43:09,249 --> 00:43:10,460
(lively orchestral music)
721
00:43:10,460 --> 00:43:15,023
For every mystery we reveal,
far more must remain unspoken,
722
00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:18,620
secrets of wealth and power
723
00:43:20,254 --> 00:43:21,940
and of passionate inspiration
724
00:43:23,880 --> 00:43:25,660
hidden in plain sight
725
00:43:28,440 --> 00:43:29,960
inside the Palacio Real.
726
00:43:35,423 --> 00:43:39,006
(lively orchestral music)
57619
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