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THE GLEANERS AND I
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00:00:55,056 --> 00:00:57,225
G as in “gleaming.”
5
00:00:57,391 --> 00:01:00,228
To glean is to gather
after the harvest.
6
00:01:00,728 --> 00:01:03,731
A gleaner is one who gleans.
7
00:01:05,358 --> 00:01:07,777
In days past, only women gleaned,
8
00:01:07,902 --> 00:01:12,531
and Millet's famous gleaners
were reproduced in dictionaries.
9
00:01:13,991 --> 00:01:16,994
The original painting is at the Orsay.
10
00:01:35,763 --> 00:01:38,724
Gleaning is the spirit of years past.
11
00:01:39,141 --> 00:01:41,102
My mother would say...
12
00:01:41,269 --> 00:01:43,813
“Pick up what's left
so nothings wasted.”
13
00:01:45,898 --> 00:01:48,109
But sadly we no longer do,
14
00:01:48,276 --> 00:01:51,112
because machines
are so efficient nowadays.
15
00:01:51,279 --> 00:01:54,448
But I used to glean before,
16
00:01:54,615 --> 00:01:56,742
together with my neighbors,
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00:01:56,909 --> 00:01:59,620
for wheat and rice.
18
00:02:00,830 --> 00:02:04,959
I would put on my big apron...
19
00:02:06,544 --> 00:02:11,465
and we'd glean
beautiful ears of wheat.
20
00:02:15,886 --> 00:02:19,557
A whole day in the sun,
with gnats and mosquitoes,
21
00:02:19,682 --> 00:02:21,475
can be unpleasant.
22
00:02:21,600 --> 00:02:23,352
But we enjoyed it.
23
00:02:24,562 --> 00:02:27,648
At night we were exhausted.
24
00:02:27,773 --> 00:02:29,984
Once home
with our bags and aprons,
25
00:02:30,109 --> 00:02:35,323
we 'o' have a good time laughing
together over coffee.
26
00:02:35,656 --> 00:02:39,410
I was born in that farmhouse,
and I'll die there too.
27
00:02:39,660 --> 00:02:42,997
But not quite yet!
We'll let you go. Thanks.
28
00:02:43,164 --> 00:02:44,999
Thank you too.
29
00:02:45,333 --> 00:02:48,044
I've forgotten what I was doing...
30
00:02:49,670 --> 00:02:52,298
Yes, I've always gleaned.
31
00:02:52,548 --> 00:02:56,969
I remember going with my grandmother
and my brothers and sisters.
32
00:02:57,345 --> 00:03:02,266
People gleaned during the war
because there was no food.
33
00:03:02,475 --> 00:03:07,188
They'd pound the grain
to make flour for bread.
34
00:03:07,855 --> 00:03:11,734
We no longer glean for food.
35
00:03:12,193 --> 00:03:15,571
There are still a few gleaners,
like for corn.
36
00:03:19,992 --> 00:03:21,869
Gleaning may belong to another era,
37
00:03:22,036 --> 00:03:25,956
but the posture hasn't vanished
from our sated society.
38
00:03:26,290 --> 00:03:29,668
Urban and rural gleaners
bend down to gather up.
39
00:03:30,044 --> 00:03:32,254
There's no shame, just worries.
40
00:03:32,380 --> 00:03:35,299
Yeah, food, grub
41
00:03:35,674 --> 00:03:38,552
It's bad, sad, man
42
00:03:39,220 --> 00:03:41,263
To bend down is not to beg
43
00:03:41,389 --> 00:03:44,558
But when I see them that way,
my heart hurts!
44
00:03:44,892 --> 00:03:47,436
Eating that scrap-crap
45
00:03:47,561 --> 00:03:50,314
Forced to live on shit-bits
46
00:03:50,481 --> 00:03:53,025
They've got to frisk for tidbits
47
00:03:53,859 --> 00:03:55,861
Left on the street, leftovers
48
00:03:55,986 --> 00:03:58,447
Rough stuff with no owners
49
00:03:58,572 --> 00:04:01,409
Picking up trash
like the street cleaner
50
00:04:01,534 --> 00:04:04,036
Zero for us, for them much better
51
00:04:04,161 --> 00:04:07,581
They've got to roam around
to kill the hunger
52
00:04:07,706 --> 00:04:12,253
It's always been the same pain,
will always be the same game
53
00:04:17,425 --> 00:04:20,886
In town and country today,
just like in yesteryear,
54
00:04:21,011 --> 00:04:23,931
gleaners still humbly stoop down.
55
00:04:25,015 --> 00:04:28,269
But it's not just women anymore.
56
00:04:28,394 --> 00:04:30,187
It's men too.
57
00:04:30,938 --> 00:04:35,192
What struck me is how each person
gleans on their own.
58
00:04:35,484 --> 00:04:37,403
In old paintings...
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00:04:37,862 --> 00:04:41,907
they were always in clusters,
rarely alone.
60
00:04:42,283 --> 00:04:44,869
But there is
one famous solitary gleaner
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00:04:44,994 --> 00:04:48,789
in a painting by Jules Breton,
now in the museum in Arras.
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00:04:50,082 --> 00:04:52,626
We set out north on the highway.
63
00:04:52,751 --> 00:04:57,047
There were lots of big trucks,
but I'll come back to that.
64
00:04:57,840 --> 00:04:59,425
Arriving in Arras...
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00:04:59,758 --> 00:05:02,803
we saw the square, the museum,
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00:05:03,304 --> 00:05:05,973
and Breton's La Glaneuse.
67
00:05:06,265 --> 00:05:10,644
Included among the gleaners
in the title of this film... is me.
68
00:05:18,152 --> 00:05:20,779
I'm happy to drop
the ears of wheat
69
00:05:20,905 --> 00:05:22,823
and pick up my camera.
70
00:05:23,115 --> 00:05:26,827
These new little digital cameras
are fantastic.
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00:05:27,703 --> 00:05:29,580
Their effects are stroboscopic...
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00:05:30,164 --> 00:05:31,916
narcissistic...
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00:05:32,041 --> 00:05:33,751
even hyperrealistic.
74
00:06:19,505 --> 00:06:22,007
No, it's not “Oh, rage!”
75
00:06:22,132 --> 00:06:24,134
It's not “Oh, despair!”
76
00:06:24,301 --> 00:06:26,554
It's not “Old age, my enemy!”
77
00:06:26,679 --> 00:06:29,640
It might even be
“Old age, my friend.”
78
00:06:29,765 --> 00:06:32,518
Still, my hair and my hands
79
00:06:32,643 --> 00:06:34,979
keep telling me the end is near.
80
00:06:38,566 --> 00:06:41,694
Anyway, for now
we're headed for Beauce.
81
00:06:41,819 --> 00:06:45,072
It's renowned for its wheat,
but the harvest is over.
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00:06:45,573 --> 00:06:48,033
So we'll focus
on potato gleaning instead.
83
00:06:49,243 --> 00:06:52,371
Destalking the potato fields
leaves furrows and mounds
84
00:06:52,496 --> 00:06:55,916
ready for the harvesting machine.
85
00:06:58,919 --> 00:07:01,839
Once the harvest is over,
86
00:07:01,964 --> 00:07:04,091
we can glean the whole field.
87
00:07:09,054 --> 00:07:13,267
Since this morning, I've collected
a full 250 pounds by myself.
88
00:07:13,517 --> 00:07:17,396
And these are the good ones
you eat with herring.
89
00:07:17,646 --> 00:07:20,274
Lots of restaurants buy them.
90
00:07:22,359 --> 00:07:26,864
Some people are quite pleased
when the machine malfunctions.
91
00:07:28,115 --> 00:07:30,409
There are lots left here.
92
00:07:30,576 --> 00:07:33,787
The tractor plows too deep
and gets stuck.
93
00:07:33,954 --> 00:07:39,126
So they lift the machine up,
leaving the potatoes below.
94
00:07:39,293 --> 00:07:41,462
So gleaners have a field day?
95
00:07:41,629 --> 00:07:43,297
Definitely.
96
00:07:44,632 --> 00:07:46,967
The owners don't give a damn,
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00:07:47,092 --> 00:07:49,303
as long as there's nothing left.
98
00:07:49,470 --> 00:07:52,806
Less work for them.
- But they have to be sorted.
99
00:08:01,857 --> 00:08:04,902
In supermarkets,
firm potatoes are sold
100
00:08:05,027 --> 00:08:08,697
in containers of 5 1/2 to 11 pounds.
101
00:08:08,822 --> 00:08:12,618
Those have to be
of a specific dimension,
102
00:08:12,743 --> 00:08:14,745
a specific size.
103
00:08:15,162 --> 00:08:18,165
We dump anything larger.
104
00:08:19,083 --> 00:08:24,338
The potato harvest averages
4,500 tons per season.
105
00:08:24,755 --> 00:08:27,508
About 25 tons...
106
00:08:28,258 --> 00:08:30,844
are rejected and thrown away.
107
00:08:31,261 --> 00:08:35,891
We followed the path
of those rejects back to the fields.
108
00:08:49,113 --> 00:08:52,741
We dump all those
that are oversized, green,
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00:08:52,866 --> 00:08:55,285
cut or damaged.
110
00:08:55,411 --> 00:08:57,496
They can't be sold.
111
00:08:57,621 --> 00:09:00,999
To the trade, we sell potatoes
112
00:09:01,625 --> 00:09:05,045
within a range
of two to three inches.
113
00:09:05,212 --> 00:09:09,049
Anything bigger
is automatically thrown away.
114
00:09:09,341 --> 00:09:12,344
Potatoes are
a staple for lots of people,
115
00:09:12,469 --> 00:09:17,057
and because large quantities
of potatoes are dumped,
116
00:09:17,224 --> 00:09:19,852
the practice of gleaning
has reappeared.
117
00:09:19,977 --> 00:09:24,440
People follow the trucks
and wait nearby.
118
00:09:27,025 --> 00:09:30,738
We followed the trucks
but didn't see anyone,
119
00:09:30,863 --> 00:09:34,032
except one man
who may have been tipped off.
120
00:09:34,158 --> 00:09:37,286
But we never saw signs
in villages saying...
121
00:09:37,411 --> 00:09:40,330
“We'll be dumping here next week.”
122
00:09:40,581 --> 00:09:43,250
People know that potatoes
left in the fields
123
00:09:43,751 --> 00:09:48,088
quickly turn green
and are dangerous to eat.
124
00:09:48,464 --> 00:09:51,675
Sometimes it's children
who give the signal.
125
00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:53,927
We found a big one here!
126
00:10:01,769 --> 00:10:03,771
Monday, potatoes
127
00:10:03,896 --> 00:10:05,856
Tuesday, potatoes
128
00:10:05,981 --> 00:10:08,942
Wednesday, potatoes again
129
00:10:09,401 --> 00:10:11,653
Thursday, potatoes
130
00:10:11,779 --> 00:10:13,781
Friday, potatoes
131
00:10:13,989 --> 00:10:16,825
Saturday, potatoes again
132
00:10:17,034 --> 00:10:20,287
Sunday, it's potatoes au gratin
133
00:10:22,956 --> 00:10:25,542
I've gathered...
134
00:10:25,876 --> 00:10:28,045
200 or 300 pounds.
135
00:10:29,755 --> 00:10:33,425
You find really large ones
among the discards.
136
00:10:33,592 --> 00:10:36,345
We leave the damaged ones.
137
00:10:36,470 --> 00:10:40,140
And we take the bigger ones
over the smaller ones.
138
00:10:43,852 --> 00:10:46,146
Some are misshapen.
Heart-shaped.
139
00:10:46,271 --> 00:10:48,357
I want the heart!
140
00:10:49,316 --> 00:10:50,734
I was pleased.
141
00:10:51,276 --> 00:10:53,821
I immediately filmed them up close.
142
00:10:55,447 --> 00:10:58,408
With one hand I shakily filmed
143
00:10:58,742 --> 00:11:01,662
my other hand
gleaning heart-shaped potatoes.
144
00:11:12,631 --> 00:11:15,008
I brought some home with me.
145
00:11:17,010 --> 00:11:20,514
I had another look
and filmed them again.
146
00:11:28,730 --> 00:11:32,359
Then it came to me:
the Good Heart Charity Meals.
147
00:11:33,026 --> 00:11:35,487
Why not organize an expedition
148
00:11:35,779 --> 00:11:39,283
on the day
potatoes are to be dumped?
149
00:11:40,534 --> 00:11:44,121
When I think
of all the food gone bad
150
00:11:44,246 --> 00:11:45,581
It makes me mad
151
00:11:45,706 --> 00:11:49,418
If you've been kicked out
and you're down and out
152
00:11:49,543 --> 00:11:52,170
Then you need food for nought
153
00:11:52,337 --> 00:11:55,591
I come gather a few
for me and my kids.
154
00:11:58,135 --> 00:12:00,429
We gather them together.
155
00:12:02,389 --> 00:12:06,101
I joined Charity Meals
because I was unemployed,
156
00:12:06,226 --> 00:12:09,855
though I expect to start
a training position soon.
157
00:12:10,147 --> 00:12:12,900
Meanwhile,
instead of doing nothing,
158
00:12:13,066 --> 00:12:16,737
I'd rather come help people
in dire straits.
159
00:12:16,945 --> 00:12:19,156
I'm a single mother.
160
00:12:20,157 --> 00:12:24,536
I get food from the Red Cross
and Charity Meals.
161
00:12:25,412 --> 00:12:28,248
When I see all this go to waste
162
00:12:28,415 --> 00:12:31,168
while some people
have nothing to eat,
163
00:12:31,293 --> 00:12:33,420
it's really disgraceful.
164
00:12:36,048 --> 00:12:39,134
They collected
almost 700 pounds that day.
165
00:12:39,343 --> 00:12:41,511
That's something at least.
166
00:12:51,355 --> 00:12:54,232
A while later,
in almost the same spot,
167
00:12:54,358 --> 00:12:56,568
we saw a man approach.
168
00:12:58,862 --> 00:13:01,907
I went over to him and asked
169
00:13:02,366 --> 00:13:04,910
how much he thought there was.
170
00:13:07,496 --> 00:13:11,625
Almost a ton,
adding all the mounds together.
171
00:13:12,417 --> 00:13:14,461
A ton of potatoes wasted.
172
00:13:15,295 --> 00:13:18,590
Same thing with cauliflowers,
173
00:13:18,715 --> 00:13:21,426
and fruit and vegetables
in other regions.
174
00:13:21,551 --> 00:13:25,430
But this is potato country,
so we take what we find.
175
00:13:26,181 --> 00:13:30,978
We're better off gathering
in the fields than shoplifting.
176
00:13:31,311 --> 00:13:34,648
It's the same for other people.
I'm not alone.
177
00:13:35,315 --> 00:13:37,651
You get by as best you can.
178
00:13:37,943 --> 00:13:40,654
We gather potatoes.
We rummage in trash cans.
179
00:13:41,655 --> 00:13:43,991
That keeps me going for now.
180
00:13:44,449 --> 00:13:46,326
But it's a hard life.
181
00:13:46,493 --> 00:13:49,246
And the year 2000 is coming.
Great, huh?
182
00:13:54,835 --> 00:13:57,170
I'm off with my 70 pounds.
183
00:13:57,963 --> 00:14:02,175
There are several tons left
that people could gather,
184
00:14:02,342 --> 00:14:04,720
but they don't know about it.
185
00:14:05,012 --> 00:14:06,847
That's how it is.
186
00:14:21,820 --> 00:14:24,406
They're hoboes living in trailers.
187
00:14:24,531 --> 00:14:28,785
We're always moving.
They're different from us.
188
00:14:31,371 --> 00:14:35,083
It has to be cut up
for the scrap dealer.
189
00:14:35,709 --> 00:14:38,545
But we have no tools or electricity.
190
00:14:39,129 --> 00:14:40,797
Just candles.
191
00:14:40,922 --> 00:14:43,508
What do you do for water?
192
00:14:43,633 --> 00:14:47,387
Water is all we have here.
It's over there.
193
00:14:48,430 --> 00:14:50,891
That's our tap.
194
00:14:53,018 --> 00:14:55,937
- What if it freezes?
- If it freezes...
195
00:14:56,063 --> 00:14:59,691
we wrap the pipe in padding
or let it drip slightly
196
00:14:59,816 --> 00:15:03,111
so it doesn't freeze
when it gets really cold.
197
00:15:03,236 --> 00:15:07,741
Like last year,
when it got to 10 below.
198
00:15:08,575 --> 00:15:10,077
But you get used to it.
199
00:15:21,171 --> 00:15:23,256
You seem to like beer.
200
00:15:23,423 --> 00:15:25,258
I drink anything.
201
00:15:25,550 --> 00:15:27,636
How many beers is that?
202
00:15:27,761 --> 00:15:29,930
I drink a pack a day.
203
00:15:30,097 --> 00:15:32,974
- What?
- A pack of 24 a day.
204
00:15:33,100 --> 00:15:35,936
Or even 32.
205
00:15:37,562 --> 00:15:39,815
Tell me what happened to you.
206
00:15:39,940 --> 00:15:42,359
Did you have a house before?
207
00:15:42,484 --> 00:15:44,778
Yeah, I had a job.
208
00:15:45,237 --> 00:15:47,489
I worked impossible hours,
209
00:15:47,781 --> 00:15:49,950
21 or 22 hours a day.
210
00:15:50,117 --> 00:15:53,078
- Were you a trucker?
- Yeah.
211
00:15:53,370 --> 00:15:56,248
I drove big oversized loads.
212
00:15:56,790 --> 00:16:01,086
Then one day the cops stopped me
and tested my breath.
213
00:16:01,419 --> 00:16:04,297
I lost my job.
214
00:16:05,632 --> 00:16:10,262
Then my wife left
and took the three kids.
215
00:16:11,054 --> 00:16:13,807
It all went downhill from there.
216
00:16:13,932 --> 00:16:15,600
Divorce, everything?
217
00:16:15,725 --> 00:16:19,479
Yes. I haven't seen my kids
in almost two years.
218
00:16:19,813 --> 00:16:22,274
They're 500 miles away.
219
00:16:22,399 --> 00:16:24,401
I can't go see them.
220
00:16:24,526 --> 00:16:26,903
I have no car and no license.
221
00:16:27,571 --> 00:16:29,823
- That's terrible.
- Yeah, it is.
222
00:16:29,990 --> 00:16:32,659
I think of them every single day.
223
00:16:35,704 --> 00:16:37,664
Here comes Guilène.
224
00:16:37,789 --> 00:16:39,666
She'll tell you everything.
225
00:16:39,833 --> 00:16:43,670
Did you know that once
they've harvested the potatoes,
226
00:16:43,879 --> 00:16:46,673
you're allowed to take the discards?
- No.
227
00:16:47,132 --> 00:16:49,176
You didn't know?
228
00:16:49,301 --> 00:16:51,845
- It's not allowed.
- Yes, iris.
229
00:16:51,970 --> 00:16:54,931
I want you to listen to this:
230
00:16:55,182 --> 00:16:59,227
Why did the mayor put us here —
I've been here four years —
231
00:16:59,477 --> 00:17:01,688
and now he wants us to leave?
232
00:17:01,938 --> 00:17:04,649
He says he's fed up
with itinerants,
233
00:17:04,774 --> 00:17:08,028
but I want to stay here.
234
00:17:08,445 --> 00:17:11,364
I had an apartment,
but it cost too much.
235
00:17:11,865 --> 00:17:14,743
Her first trailer
cost her 2,000 francs.
236
00:17:15,035 --> 00:17:16,870
And the most recent,
237
00:17:17,037 --> 00:17:20,373
where I'm living at the moment,
200 francs.
238
00:17:21,708 --> 00:17:26,588
We met when I was working
in a cafe' as a cleaning woman.
239
00:17:26,880 --> 00:17:29,382
That's how we met.
240
00:17:29,966 --> 00:17:34,971
While the welfare money lasts, fine.
241
00:17:35,847 --> 00:17:38,391
After that
you have to get by somehow.
242
00:17:38,516 --> 00:17:40,936
We have to panhandle...
243
00:17:41,770 --> 00:17:44,189
and rummage through the trash.
244
00:17:44,314 --> 00:17:47,150
We find food in the garbage.
245
00:17:47,275 --> 00:17:49,319
Decent food?
246
00:17:49,444 --> 00:17:52,239
Yes, we find good food...
247
00:17:52,572 --> 00:17:55,659
that could still be sold in stores.
248
00:17:55,784 --> 00:17:58,954
But they have to keep
turning over their inventory.
249
00:17:59,079 --> 00:18:02,249
That's to our advantage.
It's lucky for us.
250
00:18:02,582 --> 00:18:06,378
But we have to comb
through garbage cans all over
251
00:18:06,503 --> 00:18:08,171
to salvage stuff.
252
00:18:15,929 --> 00:18:17,430
For soup.
253
00:18:21,268 --> 00:18:23,603
My bouquet of flowers!
254
00:18:23,728 --> 00:18:26,731
- Another cucumber.
- There's plenty.
255
00:18:27,774 --> 00:18:30,110
This came from the trash.
256
00:18:30,568 --> 00:18:34,197
The expiration date is 11/29,
two days ago.
257
00:18:34,322 --> 00:18:36,116
One day ago.
258
00:18:36,283 --> 00:18:41,121
It's still good
for another week or so.
259
00:18:41,621 --> 00:18:44,791
There's some fish up there
that I salvaged.
260
00:18:44,958 --> 00:18:47,127
It's good till 12/24.
261
00:18:47,544 --> 00:18:49,713
We found it in the trash.
262
00:18:50,338 --> 00:18:52,966
We're not afraid
to get our hands dirty.
263
00:18:53,091 --> 00:18:55,302
You can always wash your hands.
264
00:18:59,347 --> 00:19:02,017
Guys, the new appetizer
265
00:19:02,559 --> 00:19:05,770
is lamb kidney
in a chicory root sauce
266
00:19:06,313 --> 00:19:09,065
with a potato fritter...
267
00:19:10,317 --> 00:19:12,610
and nut soup with anise...
268
00:19:12,777 --> 00:19:15,363
and mushroom puree with truffle oil.
269
00:19:19,534 --> 00:19:21,953
As I watched all this cooking,
270
00:19:22,078 --> 00:19:25,623
I asked the chef
if there were lots of leftovers
271
00:19:25,749 --> 00:19:28,043
and what he did with them.
272
00:19:28,168 --> 00:19:30,170
We try not to waste anything.
273
00:19:30,337 --> 00:19:33,173
With the leftover lentils
we make soup.
274
00:19:33,298 --> 00:19:35,508
We mince the greens
into a gratin.
275
00:19:35,675 --> 00:19:40,430
We use the meat bones for stock
and the fish bones for sauce.
276
00:19:41,681 --> 00:19:44,434
We don't usually throw
anything away.
277
00:19:44,559 --> 00:19:47,187
You have to be economical.
278
00:19:47,687 --> 00:19:52,067
If I had to buy all the herbs
I pick daily in the hills —
279
00:19:52,192 --> 00:19:55,111
A small bunch of savory
costs eight francs,
280
00:19:55,236 --> 00:19:57,864
and we use 20 per day.
281
00:19:58,031 --> 00:20:00,533
We'd be spending
a fortune on herbs.
282
00:20:00,658 --> 00:20:02,786
And I love picking them.
283
00:20:07,707 --> 00:20:11,169
This nice, inventive,
and thrifty chef
284
00:20:11,294 --> 00:20:13,630
offers a tasting menu
for 600 francs.
285
00:20:14,130 --> 00:20:17,092
Edouard Loubet
is the youngest French chef
286
00:20:17,217 --> 00:20:20,053
to earn two stars
in the Michelin guide,
287
00:20:20,220 --> 00:20:22,389
now called the Red Guide.
288
00:20:23,264 --> 00:20:27,143
I Surprisingly enough,
Edouard is also a born gleaner,
289
00:20:27,268 --> 00:20:29,479
or rather a born picker.
290
00:20:29,604 --> 00:20:32,440
With his hat and shirt and basket,
291
00:20:32,565 --> 00:20:34,818
he looks like a Provençal figurine.
292
00:20:37,404 --> 00:20:39,823
Don't step on the apples!
293
00:20:41,574 --> 00:20:44,202
We take what
the farmers leave behind,
294
00:20:44,327 --> 00:20:47,163
or we pick the ripe fruit
off the trees.
295
00:20:47,330 --> 00:20:50,083
That's the best stuff around
296
00:20:50,250 --> 00:20:53,253
for making good spirits
or good fruit jelly.
297
00:20:55,046 --> 00:20:57,382
I don't let anything get past me.
298
00:20:58,091 --> 00:21:01,719
How come you pick leftovers?
You're a chef.
299
00:21:01,845 --> 00:21:05,640
First, because
my grandparents taught me to
300
00:21:05,765 --> 00:21:09,394
along fields and roads.
301
00:21:09,519 --> 00:21:12,939
And this way I know what I'm getting
302
00:21:13,064 --> 00:21:15,608
and where it came from.
303
00:21:15,775 --> 00:21:19,195
I don't want three-week-old
refrigerated produce
304
00:21:19,320 --> 00:21:22,073
picked green and trucked from Italy
305
00:21:22,198 --> 00:21:25,118
and sold when someone
feels like saying it's ripe.
306
00:21:26,786 --> 00:21:28,997
Since we're talking
grapes and wine...
307
00:21:30,373 --> 00:21:32,792
we might as well visit
a wine region.
308
00:21:32,959 --> 00:21:35,211
We're off to Burgundy.
309
00:21:38,882 --> 00:21:42,635
On the highway
there are lots of trucks,
310
00:21:42,969 --> 00:21:46,306
the kind we loved
when we were kids.
311
00:21:46,639 --> 00:21:49,267
We pass by them, gaze at them.
312
00:21:49,392 --> 00:21:53,104
This big rig
hauling cars passes us.
313
00:21:53,980 --> 00:21:55,857
As does a second.
314
00:21:59,402 --> 00:22:02,780
Now it's our turn
to pass the second one,
315
00:22:02,906 --> 00:22:05,658
but we have trouble
overtaking the first.
316
00:22:05,825 --> 00:22:07,827
It's like a child's game.
317
00:22:11,498 --> 00:22:13,500
We're arriving in Burgundy.
318
00:22:14,626 --> 00:22:17,128
For me,
Beaune is the old almshouse
319
00:22:17,253 --> 00:22:19,672
and the magnificent painting
by Van der Weyden,
320
00:22:20,006 --> 00:22:21,883
The Last Judgment.
321
00:22:25,011 --> 00:22:29,307
The archangel Michael weighs
and judges the deeds of the dead.
322
00:22:31,559 --> 00:22:34,771
Those to be resurrected
weigh lightly on the scale.
323
00:22:35,021 --> 00:22:38,858
Those who are to suffer in hell
weigh heavily.
324
00:23:23,778 --> 00:23:28,408
The grape harvest is over,
yet there's no one in sight.
325
00:23:28,783 --> 00:23:30,243
Why?
326
00:23:30,368 --> 00:23:33,705
If you want your wine
to be ranked as vintage,
327
00:23:33,913 --> 00:23:36,666
your yearly production is limited,
328
00:23:36,791 --> 00:23:40,086
meaning you can only produce
329
00:23:40,253 --> 00:23:42,922
a certain quota per plot.
330
00:23:43,298 --> 00:23:47,552
I didn't hear much
about “pickers” growing up.
331
00:23:47,677 --> 00:23:52,599
Wine growers have always
fended off all that,
332
00:23:52,765 --> 00:23:56,769
because if you let people
come pick grapes from your vines,
333
00:23:56,936 --> 00:23:59,063
how can you be sure
334
00:23:59,188 --> 00:24:01,816
they won't do so on a large scale?
335
00:24:04,611 --> 00:24:08,281
So these vintage vines
have been completely harvested,
336
00:24:08,448 --> 00:24:10,408
but due to quotas,
337
00:24:10,533 --> 00:24:13,870
the surplus has been
deliberately left on the ground.
338
00:24:14,037 --> 00:24:16,956
There it just dries up,
a loss for everyone.
339
00:24:17,415 --> 00:24:21,127
It's a way to protect
our profession and capital.
340
00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:28,009
What you see here
are second-generation grapes,
341
00:24:28,134 --> 00:24:30,595
called “verjuice” or “conscripts,”
342
00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:33,306
depending on the area.
343
00:24:34,682 --> 00:24:37,310
- Conscripts.
- Like soldiers?
344
00:24:37,477 --> 00:24:39,896
Exactly.
345
00:24:40,647 --> 00:24:42,732
Some people pick them.
346
00:24:43,524 --> 00:24:46,861
Being a second harvest,
it yields a lesser-quality wine,
347
00:24:47,028 --> 00:24:49,781
called “pickers' wine.”
348
00:24:50,365 --> 00:24:53,660
- Will it taste like Pommard?
- No, not at all
349
00:24:54,410 --> 00:24:58,665
It's a cheap table wine.
350
00:24:59,207 --> 00:25:03,294
The vintage wine region
isn't a good one for grape picking.
351
00:25:04,879 --> 00:25:08,675
Grape picking
is against the law in Burgundy
352
00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:11,260
as of three or four years ago.
353
00:25:11,386 --> 00:25:13,846
It's sad, but that's the way it is.
354
00:25:14,514 --> 00:25:17,183
Gleaning was a lovely activity.
355
00:25:18,017 --> 00:25:22,563
“Just as one sees
the gleaner walking along,
356
00:25:22,689 --> 00:25:26,067
gathering what
the harvesters left behind...”
357
00:25:26,359 --> 00:25:29,529
You know those lines?
- Du Bellay, right?
358
00:25:29,696 --> 00:25:31,030
Yes.
359
00:25:31,197 --> 00:25:33,366
Impressive!
You know it by heart!
360
00:25:35,368 --> 00:25:37,370
I took over my father's estate.
361
00:25:40,957 --> 00:25:43,835
From grape to bottle...
362
00:25:43,960 --> 00:25:46,129
I'm the only master on board.
363
00:25:47,046 --> 00:25:49,549
I have no cellarman.
364
00:25:51,592 --> 00:25:56,973
Nadine and I choose the best blends
for our vintage output.
365
00:25:57,306 --> 00:25:59,851
- You choose together?
- We do.
366
00:26:01,394 --> 00:26:04,355
Jean Laplanche, avid winegrower,
367
00:26:04,689 --> 00:26:07,900
has another profession too:
psychoanalysis.
368
00:26:08,151 --> 00:26:12,905
I'm a practicing analyst,
but above all I'm a theoretician,
369
00:26:13,030 --> 00:26:15,575
or rather a philosopher of therapy.
370
00:26:16,242 --> 00:26:18,119
In what particular school?
371
00:26:18,244 --> 00:26:22,957
What distinguishes me
is that I have tried to integrate
372
00:26:23,666 --> 00:26:26,210
into man's psyche
373
00:26:26,461 --> 00:26:29,088
the Other above the Ego.
374
00:26:29,255 --> 00:26:32,133
I developed an anti-ego philosophy,
375
00:26:32,258 --> 00:26:35,762
a philosophy that shows
how man first originates
376
00:26:35,887 --> 00:26:37,930
in the Other.
377
00:26:38,431 --> 00:26:40,933
How does he manage
his double life?
378
00:26:41,100 --> 00:26:42,935
Very well.
379
00:26:43,561 --> 00:26:46,981
He's an intelligent man.
And modest too.
380
00:26:47,106 --> 00:26:49,108
It keeps me going.
381
00:26:49,692 --> 00:26:52,361
Isn't it a bit daunting?
382
00:26:52,487 --> 00:26:55,656
The fact he's a psychoanalyst
and a winegrower?
383
00:26:55,782 --> 00:26:58,910
No, I underwent analysis
to help me understand.
384
00:26:59,035 --> 00:27:01,287
- Not with him!
- No, with Lacan.
385
00:27:01,454 --> 00:27:04,457
- A long time ago.
- I was very young.
386
00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:08,961
In the year 2000
we'll have been married 50 years.
387
00:27:10,671 --> 00:27:12,882
Tell me how you met.
388
00:27:14,467 --> 00:27:17,762
Like most people:
at a local dance.
389
00:27:18,429 --> 00:27:20,348
Your first kiss!
390
00:27:20,473 --> 00:27:22,809
No one's interested in that!
391
00:27:25,728 --> 00:27:28,147
I have to explain something
392
00:27:28,314 --> 00:27:31,150
the whole world should know about.
393
00:27:31,609 --> 00:27:35,488
When I met him,
it was like a flash of lightning.
394
00:27:35,613 --> 00:27:39,951
The way he was dressed,
I couldn't possibly miss him!
395
00:27:40,827 --> 00:27:44,205
He had a red cap on — honest!
396
00:27:44,372 --> 00:27:47,250
He was just back from the Riviera.
397
00:27:47,458 --> 00:27:50,044
He was wearing a red cotton cap...
398
00:27:50,711 --> 00:27:53,005
a green shirt...
399
00:27:53,923 --> 00:27:56,467
mustard-yellow pants...
400
00:27:57,134 --> 00:27:59,470
rope espadrilles —
401
00:27:59,846 --> 00:28:01,889
Yellow espadrilles.
402
00:28:02,014 --> 00:28:03,683
And a multicolored belt.
403
00:28:03,808 --> 00:28:06,310
I couldn't possibly miss him!
404
00:28:09,063 --> 00:28:11,190
And how was she dressed?
405
00:28:11,899 --> 00:28:15,278
I can't remember.
Same old story, huh?
406
00:28:15,570 --> 00:28:19,448
But it wasn't
a lightning bolt for me.
407
00:28:19,574 --> 00:28:21,534
That came later.
408
00:28:21,701 --> 00:28:23,870
I know — bad man!
409
00:28:26,873 --> 00:28:28,666
Is that true, Huguette?
410
00:28:28,791 --> 00:28:31,377
- I can't speak for him.
- It's true.
411
00:28:36,007 --> 00:28:38,509
This is Laurent, my son.
412
00:28:38,634 --> 00:28:40,720
I'm not sure he's a gleaner.
413
00:28:40,845 --> 00:28:43,848
I thought she said “Glanum.”
414
00:28:43,973 --> 00:28:47,894
That's why I mentioned Saint-Rémy,
where Glanum is.
415
00:28:51,188 --> 00:28:53,065
I've never gleaned.
416
00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:56,527
“Gleaning” is very different
from “picking.”
417
00:28:56,652 --> 00:28:58,571
I've done picking.
418
00:28:58,696 --> 00:29:00,573
Explain the difference.
419
00:29:00,740 --> 00:29:04,368
You “pick” what hangs down,
420
00:29:04,493 --> 00:29:08,247
but you “glean”
what grows up out of the earth.
421
00:29:08,372 --> 00:29:11,000
Like grain. It's different.
422
00:29:11,459 --> 00:29:13,419
Olives and grains are different.
423
00:29:14,086 --> 00:29:16,547
And almonds.
424
00:29:17,381 --> 00:29:20,760
Figs too. People make fig jam.
425
00:29:21,385 --> 00:29:23,554
You pick figs.
426
00:29:26,265 --> 00:29:28,517
Look at these marvels of nature.
427
00:29:28,726 --> 00:29:31,103
What plump beauties!
428
00:29:38,361 --> 00:29:40,446
Fruit from heaven!
429
00:29:42,490 --> 00:29:46,118
I half feel like saying
something to the owners.
430
00:29:46,243 --> 00:29:49,789
But it's none of our business.
It's their fruit.
431
00:29:52,792 --> 00:29:56,253
This one's almost pure alcohol.
I'm gonna be tipsy.
432
00:29:57,004 --> 00:29:59,840
Anyway, lots of people are stingy.
433
00:30:01,008 --> 00:30:03,302
They don't allow gleaning.
434
00:30:03,469 --> 00:30:06,138
They just don't feel
like being nice.
435
00:30:08,224 --> 00:30:09,934
There's a lot left here.
436
00:30:10,309 --> 00:30:12,353
The harvest is over.
437
00:30:12,478 --> 00:30:14,522
They're no good for eating?
438
00:30:14,647 --> 00:30:18,275
For eating, yes,
but not for candied fruit.
439
00:30:18,442 --> 00:30:21,654
Do you allow people
to come gather them?
440
00:30:21,904 --> 00:30:23,864
No. I'm not the owner,
441
00:30:23,990 --> 00:30:26,826
but so far it's never been allowed.
442
00:30:27,994 --> 00:30:30,538
The cabbage harvest is over.
443
00:30:30,788 --> 00:30:33,916
Only a few cabbages
are left here and there.
444
00:30:34,041 --> 00:30:36,377
Those can be gleaned
445
00:30:36,502 --> 00:30:39,338
with absolute impunity
446
00:30:39,588 --> 00:30:42,341
by gleaners from the Avignon area.
447
00:30:43,384 --> 00:30:45,261
Beautiful tomatoes.
448
00:30:45,386 --> 00:30:48,139
The machine couldn't pick
what lay too low.
449
00:30:48,264 --> 00:30:51,308
All these tomatoes —
450
00:30:51,434 --> 00:30:55,229
as red as my bible,
the Penal Code —
451
00:30:55,354 --> 00:30:57,606
can be gleaned.
452
00:30:58,024 --> 00:31:01,444
It's not me who says so.
453
00:31:01,819 --> 00:31:05,197
It's Penal Code article R-26.10.
454
00:31:06,407 --> 00:31:11,078
“Gleaning is allowed
from sunup till sundown.”
455
00:31:11,203 --> 00:31:12,872
First condition.
456
00:31:13,372 --> 00:31:15,416
The second condition
457
00:31:15,583 --> 00:31:19,336
is that gleaning take place
after the regular harvest.
458
00:31:19,462 --> 00:31:22,465
Here the harvest is clearly over.
459
00:31:23,049 --> 00:31:25,634
Perusing some old law texts,
460
00:31:25,760 --> 00:31:29,388
I came across a decree,
or rather an edict,
461
00:31:29,722 --> 00:31:32,725
dated November 2, 1554,
462
00:31:33,100 --> 00:31:37,438
which said exactly
the same as today's laws.
463
00:31:37,563 --> 00:31:41,317
It authorized the poor, the wretched,
and the underprivileged
464
00:31:41,442 --> 00:31:44,904
to go into the fields
once the harvest is over.
465
00:31:45,321 --> 00:31:48,699
The old texts spoke
of the poor and destitute.
466
00:31:48,824 --> 00:31:52,912
But what to make of those
who want for nothing
467
00:31:53,037 --> 00:31:55,081
and glean for pleasure?
468
00:31:55,206 --> 00:31:58,084
They lack a type of sustenance too.
469
00:31:58,250 --> 00:32:02,213
If they glean for pleasure,
they lack a certain pleasure.
470
00:32:02,421 --> 00:32:05,591
So if the conditions
and hours are respected,
471
00:32:05,758 --> 00:32:08,594
they can glean
like the poor once did.
472
00:32:08,844 --> 00:32:12,431
- Thank you, Counselor.
- I'll just stroll among the cabbages.
473
00:32:19,855 --> 00:32:23,442
And I'll stroll with my little camera
among the colored cabbages
474
00:32:23,567 --> 00:32:26,487
and film other vegetables
that catch my eye.
475
00:32:52,054 --> 00:32:54,890
There's no law governing
this type of gleaning —
476
00:32:55,015 --> 00:32:57,518
of images, impressions, emotions.
477
00:32:57,810 --> 00:33:01,981
And “gleaning” in the dictionary
has a figurative meaning as well:
478
00:33:02,314 --> 00:33:06,735
to glean facts, actions,
and information.
479
00:33:07,361 --> 00:33:09,780
And for forgetful me,
480
00:33:09,905 --> 00:33:13,325
what I've gleaned
tells me where I've been.
481
00:33:13,492 --> 00:33:17,997
From Japan I brought back
souvenirs I'd gleaned.
482
00:33:26,005 --> 00:33:28,799
I'm back home.
The cats are here.
483
00:33:28,924 --> 00:33:30,009
There's mail.
484
00:33:30,134 --> 00:33:33,179
One plant died.
The others didn't.
485
00:33:33,429 --> 00:33:37,433
I look at the leak
in the ceiling and the mold.
486
00:33:37,808 --> 00:33:39,602
I got used to it.
487
00:33:39,727 --> 00:33:41,604
I actually like it.
488
00:33:41,729 --> 00:33:44,523
It's like a landscape
or an abstract painting...
489
00:33:45,024 --> 00:33:46,275
a Tàpies...
490
00:33:46,775 --> 00:33:48,027
a Guo-Qiang...
491
00:33:48,360 --> 00:33:50,362
a Borderie.
492
00:33:50,863 --> 00:33:52,448
There's water dripping.
493
00:33:52,698 --> 00:33:54,617
I open my suitcase.
494
00:34:23,354 --> 00:34:25,231
This was amazing.
495
00:34:25,397 --> 00:34:27,942
In a department store in Tokyo,
496
00:34:28,234 --> 00:34:30,027
on the top floor,
497
00:34:30,152 --> 00:34:33,906
there were actual Rembrandt originals.
498
00:34:34,698 --> 00:34:36,909
Saskia up close.
499
00:34:37,576 --> 00:34:40,746
Then there's my hand up close.
500
00:34:42,122 --> 00:34:44,500
This is what this project is about:
501
00:34:44,625 --> 00:34:47,419
filming one hand with the other.
502
00:34:49,338 --> 00:34:52,925
To enter into the horror of it.
I find it extraordinary.
503
00:34:53,759 --> 00:34:56,136
I feel like some kind of animal.
504
00:34:56,262 --> 00:34:59,807
Even worse,
an animal I don't know.
505
00:35:02,268 --> 00:35:04,895
Here's Rembrandt's self-portrait.
506
00:35:06,146 --> 00:35:08,148
But it's really the same thing.
507
00:35:08,274 --> 00:35:10,150
It's always a self-portrait.
508
00:35:15,364 --> 00:35:17,116
Maurice Utrillo's self-portrait
509
00:35:17,783 --> 00:35:21,287
we saw in a crowded little museum
510
00:35:21,412 --> 00:35:24,790
in the former town hall in Sannois.
511
00:35:25,749 --> 00:35:30,170
We were headed nearby
to film Hervè, alias VR99.
512
00:35:31,797 --> 00:35:35,092
In the year 2000
his alias will be VR2000.
513
00:35:36,176 --> 00:35:38,137
“Loading up”
514
00:35:38,304 --> 00:35:41,223
means going out
to scavenge bulky items
515
00:35:41,348 --> 00:35:43,726
that people are getting rid of.
516
00:35:43,976 --> 00:35:49,148
Town councils
and city halls give out
517
00:35:49,315 --> 00:35:53,277
little maps like this one.
518
00:35:53,652 --> 00:35:57,323
It shows all the streets
and neighborhoods
519
00:35:57,531 --> 00:36:02,828
and lists the days
you can go out and scavenge.
520
00:36:04,747 --> 00:36:09,001
I think the map is more
for those with things to dump.
521
00:36:09,293 --> 00:36:11,337
True.
522
00:36:11,462 --> 00:36:15,424
I read the map my own way,
523
00:36:15,716 --> 00:36:19,094
because it's how I find
my raw material.
524
00:36:19,928 --> 00:36:25,017
I am, among other things,
a painter and a scavenger.
525
00:36:25,559 --> 00:36:27,936
I prefer nighttime.
526
00:36:28,187 --> 00:36:31,190
And because I go by bike,
527
00:36:31,357 --> 00:36:34,193
I can only carry small things home.
528
00:36:34,526 --> 00:36:37,446
It'll be simpler just to show you.
529
00:36:39,365 --> 00:36:43,535
I make images
from salvaged material.
530
00:36:43,702 --> 00:36:45,537
Wood for the frame,
531
00:36:45,871 --> 00:36:49,666
packaging materials, slate.
532
00:36:49,875 --> 00:36:53,337
I also recycle
533
00:36:53,545 --> 00:36:57,007
my own packets
from cigarette papers.
534
00:36:58,092 --> 00:37:01,678
The good thing
about these recycled items
535
00:37:02,137 --> 00:37:05,224
is that they've already had a life.
536
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:08,310
They're unwanted
but still very much alive.
537
00:37:08,435 --> 00:37:11,480
You just have to give them
a second chance.
538
00:37:17,236 --> 00:37:21,365
You just have to make the rounds,
find the piles,
539
00:37:21,490 --> 00:37:23,742
and simply help yourself.
540
00:37:23,909 --> 00:37:26,829
It's like a department store
the size of a town.
541
00:37:28,747 --> 00:37:31,875
When a site has lots of stuff,
542
00:37:32,251 --> 00:37:35,295
it's best to get there quickly,
543
00:37:35,421 --> 00:37:37,881
because there's competition.
544
00:37:38,006 --> 00:37:40,217
Things go quickly-
545
00:37:51,854 --> 00:37:56,442
It's like presents left on the street.
It's like Christmas.
546
00:37:58,402 --> 00:38:02,865
My grandfather used
to salvage things when I was a kid.
547
00:38:03,115 --> 00:38:05,242
He had stuff everywhere.
548
00:38:05,367 --> 00:38:08,287
I've always liked the world
of dumps and salvaging...
549
00:38:09,621 --> 00:38:13,041
anything that's been
discarded by society.
550
00:38:14,460 --> 00:38:16,587
It's like a cavern here.
551
00:38:16,795 --> 00:38:19,131
Yes, my own little cavern.
552
00:38:21,884 --> 00:38:25,554
Where I combine objects
in different combinations.
553
00:38:25,971 --> 00:38:28,307
You have to stock up for that.
554
00:38:28,515 --> 00:38:30,601
Is it a shelter as well?
555
00:38:31,143 --> 00:38:32,686
From what?
556
00:38:33,353 --> 00:38:37,316
From emptiness.
It's full in here, overflowing.
557
00:38:38,275 --> 00:38:40,903
Personally I'm moving
toward emptiness now.
558
00:38:41,028 --> 00:38:43,113
Or at least toward less.
559
00:38:43,238 --> 00:38:45,199
As much “less” as possible.
560
00:38:45,324 --> 00:38:47,576
- You have a ways to go.
- I do.
561
00:38:49,328 --> 00:38:51,121
Right now I'm accumulating,
562
00:38:51,246 --> 00:38:54,750
because I know I'll need
these recycled materials.
563
00:38:55,334 --> 00:38:57,836
The encounter happens
on the street.
564
00:38:57,961 --> 00:39:02,341
The object beckons to me,
because in some way it belongs here.
565
00:39:04,426 --> 00:39:07,346
And sometimes the encounter
happens on the highway.
566
00:39:07,513 --> 00:39:09,723
That's what happened to us.
567
00:39:10,015 --> 00:39:13,143
On our left, an abandoned factory.
568
00:39:13,435 --> 00:39:17,105
To the right we see a sign: “Finds.”
569
00:39:17,523 --> 00:39:21,151
“Curios” is common,
but “finds” is more inviting.
570
00:39:28,450 --> 00:39:30,035
How are you?
571
00:39:30,869 --> 00:39:32,162
Hello.
572
00:39:32,287 --> 00:39:34,623
Look at me when I speak to you!
573
00:39:36,750 --> 00:39:39,711
I spotted some wheat
behind this fellow here...
574
00:39:39,920 --> 00:39:44,007
and behind this robot,
a painting of gleaners.
575
00:39:45,551 --> 00:39:49,680
It combined the humble stooping
of Millet's gleaners
576
00:39:49,805 --> 00:39:53,058
with the proud bearing
of Breton's Woman Gleaning.
577
00:39:53,225 --> 00:39:56,728
The painter clearly had
the old Larousse dictionary handy.
578
00:39:57,604 --> 00:40:00,065
Honest, this is no movie trick.
579
00:40:00,232 --> 00:40:04,403
We really did find
those gleaners purely by chance.
580
00:40:04,528 --> 00:40:06,863
The painting had beckoned to us
581
00:40:06,989 --> 00:40:09,741
because it belonged in this film.
582
00:40:11,577 --> 00:40:13,245
On the road again,
583
00:40:13,370 --> 00:40:16,498
off to the Ideal Palace
of Bodan Litnianski,
584
00:40:16,623 --> 00:40:19,084
a much visited,
much publicized place.
585
00:40:24,590 --> 00:40:27,926
This retired bricklayer from Russia
586
00:40:28,051 --> 00:40:30,929
began constructing totem towers
587
00:40:31,054 --> 00:40:33,265
from whatever he found in dumps
588
00:40:33,599 --> 00:40:37,561
end Io wed beck home
in a trailer hooked to his moped.
589
00:40:37,769 --> 00:40:40,147
It's very solid.
590
00:40:41,106 --> 00:40:44,234
I'm a bricklayer.
591
00:40:56,496 --> 00:40:58,457
I really like dolls.
592
00:40:58,915 --> 00:41:02,794
They're my system.
Dolls are characters.
593
00:41:08,800 --> 00:41:10,761
What do you think of all this?
594
00:41:11,053 --> 00:41:14,306
He's passionate about it.
595
00:41:14,681 --> 00:41:16,808
There's no stopping him.
596
00:41:17,142 --> 00:41:19,394
Your husband is an artist.
597
00:41:19,645 --> 00:41:21,605
Well, maybe...
598
00:41:22,856 --> 00:41:24,399
Why not?
599
00:41:24,524 --> 00:41:30,030
There's much better around.
600
00:41:32,574 --> 00:41:35,160
Louis Pans, for instance,
601
00:41:35,327 --> 00:41:37,913
who uses salvaged items
in his paintings.
602
00:41:38,330 --> 00:41:42,167
He designs using objects and lets
chance shape his compositions.
603
00:41:44,461 --> 00:41:47,714
Everything you see around here...
604
00:41:49,007 --> 00:41:50,967
is my dictionary.
605
00:41:51,093 --> 00:41:52,844
Useless stuff.
606
00:41:54,680 --> 00:41:58,141
Others might call it a heap of junk.
607
00:41:58,266 --> 00:42:01,019
For me its a wondrous heap
of possibilities.
608
00:42:03,522 --> 00:42:07,609
Each object is a pointer,
a flourish,
609
00:42:07,776 --> 00:42:10,362
that I've picked up here and there,
610
00:42:10,570 --> 00:42:12,698
that I've gleaned.
611
00:42:13,448 --> 00:42:15,659
And they become
612
00:42:15,784 --> 00:42:17,411
my paintings,
613
00:42:17,577 --> 00:42:22,124
The highest art is to bring order
to one's inner and outer worlds.
614
00:42:22,249 --> 00:42:25,460
These are just children's crayons.
615
00:42:26,545 --> 00:42:30,465
Here we have cans and spools...
616
00:42:30,799 --> 00:42:33,802
the clapper from a small bell.
617
00:42:34,886 --> 00:42:37,139
I turn objects into sentences.
618
00:42:38,724 --> 00:42:40,976
A cricket on a junk pile.
619
00:42:42,894 --> 00:42:45,981
Cages are interesting too.
620
00:42:46,106 --> 00:42:49,484
They're like boats and violins
and similar objects
621
00:42:49,735 --> 00:42:54,281
whose shapes seem at first
very simple and uniform.
622
00:42:54,656 --> 00:42:57,659
But the possible variations
are infinite.
623
00:42:58,744 --> 00:43:01,413
These are baseboards and frames.
624
00:43:01,580 --> 00:43:04,416
This is one
of those things on a car...
625
00:43:05,125 --> 00:43:06,877
a windshield wiper.
626
00:43:07,043 --> 00:43:09,546
But for me they're flourishes.
627
00:43:09,671 --> 00:43:12,716
I have to balance
the lines on a work.
628
00:43:12,841 --> 00:43:15,761
They're horizontal statements,
nothing else.
629
00:43:29,274 --> 00:43:33,445
Again one hand filming the other,
and more trucks.
630
00:43:34,696 --> 00:43:36,948
I'd like to capture them.
631
00:43:37,073 --> 00:43:40,202
To hold on to what's passing by?
No, just for fun.
632
00:44:27,165 --> 00:44:29,334
The island of Noirmoutier is renowned
633
00:44:29,459 --> 00:44:33,505
for the causeway leading to it
and for its oysters.
634
00:44:34,631 --> 00:44:36,967
People glean there
635
00:44:37,175 --> 00:44:40,512
after rough storms
and at very low tide.
636
00:44:47,519 --> 00:44:49,896
Storms dislodge oysters
from the beds
637
00:44:50,021 --> 00:44:53,233
and carry them close to shore.
638
00:44:53,358 --> 00:44:56,319
But people know
that around Christmas time
639
00:44:56,444 --> 00:45:00,323
we're so busy
that we can't gather them back up.
640
00:45:00,448 --> 00:45:03,034
So we leave them for gleaners.
641
00:45:03,159 --> 00:45:05,912
They're out there
the day after a storm.
642
00:45:14,838 --> 00:45:17,799
A high sea over the beds
is a pretty sight.
643
00:45:17,924 --> 00:45:21,344
But to profit from the low tide,
644
00:45:21,469 --> 00:45:24,180
gleaners need a copy
of the tide tables.
645
00:45:26,391 --> 00:45:29,019
We come every year at low tide.
646
00:45:29,144 --> 00:45:32,856
They follow the water
as it recedes
647
00:45:32,981 --> 00:45:35,650
and gather anything they find.
648
00:45:48,663 --> 00:45:52,250
People collect the oysters
loosed from the beds.
649
00:45:53,168 --> 00:45:56,922
In theory, they should respect
the wooden posts
650
00:45:57,047 --> 00:45:59,341
around the beds.
651
00:45:59,758 --> 00:46:01,343
Those people are too close.
652
00:46:01,927 --> 00:46:05,263
If the oyster farmers
are in a good mood, fine.
653
00:46:05,388 --> 00:46:07,766
But sometimes it turns nasty.
654
00:46:08,266 --> 00:46:10,268
We don't touch their beds.
655
00:46:10,435 --> 00:46:13,063
I guess those posts are the limit.
656
00:46:13,188 --> 00:46:15,857
We might cross over a bit
sometimes.
657
00:46:16,191 --> 00:46:19,611
We're not stupid.
We watch others and do the same.
658
00:46:19,819 --> 00:46:22,447
If they say anything, we leave.
659
00:46:22,822 --> 00:46:25,951
It's tolerated
but not really allowed.
660
00:46:26,284 --> 00:46:28,286
It's not outright illegal.
661
00:46:28,787 --> 00:46:31,456
The right to glean still exists,
662
00:46:31,623 --> 00:46:35,210
provided you glean
10-15 yards from the beds.
663
00:46:35,335 --> 00:46:38,964
- No, 25 yards.
- Is it 25 now?
664
00:46:39,297 --> 00:46:41,466
What are people allowed to do?
665
00:46:41,591 --> 00:46:45,095
To collect
seven pounds per person.
666
00:46:45,220 --> 00:46:47,806
Ten yards away minimum.
667
00:46:47,973 --> 00:46:49,557
Eleven pounds per person.
668
00:46:50,225 --> 00:46:53,812
Seven pounds of clams
and 11 pounds of oysters,
669
00:46:53,937 --> 00:46:55,647
something like that.
670
00:46:56,231 --> 00:46:58,650
Eleven pounds
of oysters per person, I think.
671
00:46:59,192 --> 00:47:03,738
Three dozen per person,
but they take more than that.
672
00:47:03,989 --> 00:47:06,741
They gather inedible little oysters
673
00:47:06,866 --> 00:47:10,620
that were churned in the waves,
so they're full of sand.
674
00:47:10,787 --> 00:47:13,331
They come from the mainland.
675
00:47:13,498 --> 00:47:15,667
They eat them and get sick.
676
00:47:25,760 --> 00:47:28,304
The Jura region saw heavy flooding.
677
00:47:28,555 --> 00:47:31,433
The river Dard blocked our route.
678
00:47:38,648 --> 00:47:42,277
Elsewhere I had enjoyed it
when animals blocked our way.
679
00:47:42,402 --> 00:47:44,529
Or I'd just stop to look at them.
680
00:48:26,613 --> 00:48:29,532
The Nenon family,
in the hills near Apt,
681
00:48:29,657 --> 00:48:32,077
present a special case
of grape picking.
682
00:48:32,452 --> 00:48:36,247
It wasn't a few grapes they found
but a whole vineyard.
683
00:48:37,415 --> 00:48:39,918
That's a real harvest!
684
00:48:40,752 --> 00:48:44,714
Yes, the entire vineyard
was left unpruned last year.
685
00:48:45,090 --> 00:48:48,468
It's an entire harvest
going to waste.
686
00:48:48,593 --> 00:48:52,555
I spotted this place
and was astonished.
687
00:48:52,680 --> 00:48:54,724
Could anyone say anything?
688
00:48:56,267 --> 00:48:59,646
Don't the owners care?
- No. After November 1...
689
00:48:59,771 --> 00:49:03,358
we're allowed
to pick grapes in any vineyard.
690
00:49:05,235 --> 00:49:09,322
They'd just be eaten
by wild boar or birds anyway.
691
00:49:09,531 --> 00:49:12,534
- Wild boars like grapes?
- They love them.
692
00:49:14,953 --> 00:49:16,454
That day...
693
00:49:16,871 --> 00:49:19,332
I filmed dancing pruning shears.
694
00:49:19,457 --> 00:49:22,460
I forgot to turn my camera off...
695
00:49:22,585 --> 00:49:25,630
thus the dance of the lens cap.
696
00:50:17,891 --> 00:50:20,018
The lens cap has stopped
its crazy jig.
697
00:50:20,685 --> 00:50:23,062
We're off to see
the only winegrower
698
00:50:23,188 --> 00:50:25,523
who cares about gleaners.
699
00:50:26,149 --> 00:50:30,361
I warn kids of the terrible effects
of eating too much,
700
00:50:30,528 --> 00:50:33,323
but I figure the adults know,
701
00:50:33,448 --> 00:50:35,575
so I leave them alone.
702
00:50:35,700 --> 00:50:39,329
Jérôme Noël-Bouton shows us
an old photo of the vines here,
703
00:50:39,454 --> 00:50:42,040
which once belonged
to Étienne-Jules Marey.
704
00:50:42,457 --> 00:50:45,293
A mini-museum in the cellar
is dedicated to him.
705
00:50:45,877 --> 00:50:48,296
Engineer, physiologist, and scientist,
706
00:50:48,922 --> 00:50:51,549
Marey invented chronophotography.
707
00:50:51,716 --> 00:50:53,676
He was a visionary.
708
00:50:53,801 --> 00:50:57,931
He deconstructed movement
before Muybridge and the Lumieres.
709
00:50:58,264 --> 00:51:00,683
He's the ancestor of all filmmakers.
710
00:51:00,892 --> 00:51:03,061
I'm proud to be family.
711
00:51:03,895 --> 00:51:09,150
Marey was my father's grandfather,
hence my great-grandfather.
712
00:51:09,901 --> 00:51:11,861
To be more specific...
713
00:51:12,654 --> 00:51:16,824
my grandfather
was Marey's son-in-law.
714
00:51:17,242 --> 00:51:20,203
His wife, my grandmother,
was Marey's daughter.
715
00:51:20,578 --> 00:51:24,040
She married a man named Bouton,
716
00:51:24,499 --> 00:51:28,086
and this estate,
previously owned by the Bouton family,
717
00:51:28,253 --> 00:51:30,255
was bought by Marey.
718
00:51:30,797 --> 00:51:35,426
It was returned to the Bouton family
when his daughter married a Bouton.
719
00:51:35,593 --> 00:51:37,387
Well done!
720
00:51:37,512 --> 00:51:40,098
The tower you see over there...
721
00:51:40,348 --> 00:51:42,517
he built with his own two hands
722
00:51:42,642 --> 00:51:45,270
to house his still camera equipment.
723
00:51:45,478 --> 00:51:48,773
He'd set his cameras up
with wires and leave them.
724
00:51:48,898 --> 00:51:52,277
Animals or birds going past
would trigger the camera.
725
00:51:53,736 --> 00:51:56,906
That's the famous hut in which,
726
00:51:57,031 --> 00:51:59,325
using his chronophotographic rifle,
727
00:51:59,450 --> 00:52:02,287
he broke down the flight of birds.
728
00:52:05,581 --> 00:52:08,459
This is Demenÿ,
Marey's assistant,
729
00:52:08,584 --> 00:52:11,254
with rifle and film reel.
730
00:52:11,671 --> 00:52:15,133
I wonder who
the boy in the bowler hat is.
731
00:52:18,344 --> 00:52:20,638
Marey's experimental pictures
732
00:52:20,763 --> 00:52:23,099
and film strips
733
00:52:23,224 --> 00:52:26,477
are a pure visual delight.
734
00:52:54,505 --> 00:52:57,258
Our train leaving Paris
735
00:52:57,467 --> 00:52:59,719
just happens to slow down
736
00:52:59,844 --> 00:53:04,307
near the waste collection center in Ivry,
very relevant to our subject.
737
00:53:04,932 --> 00:53:08,311
We're headed for Prades,
where our composer Joanna lives.
738
00:53:08,436 --> 00:53:12,899
She'd encountered some youths
who'd had a brush with the law
739
00:53:13,024 --> 00:53:16,194
for wreaking havoc
with a supermarket's trash bins.
740
00:53:16,444 --> 00:53:19,655
The bins' contents
had been doused in bleach.
741
00:53:21,491 --> 00:53:24,827
I thought I could create
a sort of filmed account
742
00:53:24,952 --> 00:53:27,330
if I met all the protagonists —
743
00:53:27,455 --> 00:53:30,208
the youngsters gathered
on the square,
744
00:53:30,583 --> 00:53:32,377
the store manager...
745
00:53:33,795 --> 00:53:36,297
and the court magistrate,
746
00:53:36,798 --> 00:53:39,050
who was very concerned
and very polite.
747
00:53:39,717 --> 00:53:41,803
I wanted to know more
748
00:53:41,928 --> 00:53:44,889
About these homeless youths'
encounter with the law.
749
00:53:46,057 --> 00:53:48,976
Should squatting be legalized?
750
00:53:49,143 --> 00:53:53,147
I could champion that cause
if not for this robe.
751
00:53:54,065 --> 00:53:56,359
It's a very nice robe!
752
00:53:56,484 --> 00:54:00,446
It was a simple case of young people
committing vandalism.
753
00:54:00,571 --> 00:54:02,615
I found them guilty of violence.
754
00:54:02,740 --> 00:54:04,992
This was before the bleach?
755
00:54:05,118 --> 00:54:08,496
They'd knock over the bins
and rummage through them.
756
00:54:08,621 --> 00:54:11,958
My staff had to clean it up
every morning.
757
00:54:14,210 --> 00:54:18,381
That led me to apply the law
758
00:54:18,506 --> 00:54:21,717
and bleach the trash,
which they didn't appreciate.
759
00:54:21,926 --> 00:54:24,178
- We got mad.
- It was nothing!
760
00:54:24,470 --> 00:54:27,265
Defaced?
We knocked over a few bins,
761
00:54:27,432 --> 00:54:31,144
scrawled a bit of graffiti,
threw a few tomatoes.
762
00:54:31,269 --> 00:54:32,979
They broke the camera.
763
00:54:33,104 --> 00:54:36,607
It was locked.
We had to climb a bit.
764
00:54:36,774 --> 00:54:39,402
They climbed over the fence,
765
00:54:39,569 --> 00:54:42,447
so they were trespassing.
766
00:54:42,572 --> 00:54:45,533
Having to appear in court
was itself a penalty
767
00:54:45,700 --> 00:54:49,287
for these youths
who live outside of all rules.
768
00:54:49,412 --> 00:54:51,414
All we took was trash.
769
00:54:51,539 --> 00:54:56,127
The point isn't to fine them
but to remind them of the law.
770
00:54:57,753 --> 00:55:01,132
Each party played its part,
applying its own blinkered logic.
771
00:55:01,799 --> 00:55:04,302
The kids said what you'd expect.
772
00:55:04,427 --> 00:55:07,930
We filmed them with their dogs.
It was picturesque.
773
00:55:08,055 --> 00:55:11,309
I'm not that I'm antisocial.
774
00:55:11,976 --> 00:55:14,479
- May I ask your age?
- Twenty-two.
775
00:55:14,770 --> 00:55:17,440
Their beauty is poignant
when you realize that,
776
00:55:17,565 --> 00:55:19,275
for whatever reason,
777
00:55:19,400 --> 00:55:22,236
they get most of their food
from trash bins.
778
00:55:23,988 --> 00:55:27,533
In court it was apparently
“a dialogue of the deaf” —
779
00:55:27,658 --> 00:55:29,452
but not the mute.
780
00:55:29,577 --> 00:55:31,746
The kids made some noise!
781
00:55:31,996 --> 00:55:35,750
I said she was crazy.
She cited me for contempt of court.
782
00:55:36,083 --> 00:55:40,588
We said she was bonkers,
and she'd go, “Write that down!”
783
00:55:40,922 --> 00:55:44,300
“Clerk, write that down!
'She's bonkers!”
784
00:55:44,425 --> 00:55:47,345
We could tell
it was a foregone conclusion.
785
00:55:47,470 --> 00:55:50,848
I got disgusted.
She opted for a closed court.
786
00:55:51,015 --> 00:55:53,601
I yelled and slammed the door.
787
00:55:54,477 --> 00:55:58,105
They're still talking
about the whole episode,
788
00:55:58,356 --> 00:56:01,943
and I continue thinking
about it in my hotel room.
789
00:56:02,193 --> 00:56:06,155
We continue to film people
who spend time around trash cans...
790
00:56:06,280 --> 00:56:08,866
yet they all have different reasons,
791
00:56:09,367 --> 00:56:11,452
and ifs a different experience
for each.
792
00:56:14,956 --> 00:56:17,291
Hi! How are you?
793
00:56:17,416 --> 00:56:20,628
Sit down.
I ordered you a coffee.
794
00:56:21,879 --> 00:56:24,340
We were told...
795
00:56:24,465 --> 00:56:27,301
“He wears rubber boots
and salvages everything.”
796
00:56:27,426 --> 00:56:30,221
I live almost 100%
on stuff I've salvaged.
797
00:56:35,560 --> 00:56:39,146
Rich, poor, or middle-class,
everyone throws food away.
798
00:56:39,272 --> 00:56:42,775
Why? Because we have
such idiotic ideas.
799
00:56:42,900 --> 00:56:46,904
People see a certain
expiration date on a yogurt.
800
00:56:47,238 --> 00:56:51,826
“My God, I can't eat this!
It'll kill me!”
801
00:56:51,993 --> 00:56:53,869
That's so stupid!
802
00:56:53,995 --> 00:56:59,417
It's easy to tell from the smell
and other signs if ifs okay.
803
00:57:00,126 --> 00:57:04,547
I've gotten 100% of my food
from the trash...
804
00:57:04,922 --> 00:57:07,466
for 10 or 15 years now.
805
00:57:07,592 --> 00:57:10,094
And I've never gotten sick.
806
00:57:10,344 --> 00:57:13,264
- You don't have a job?
- Sure I do.
807
00:57:13,389 --> 00:57:16,934
I have a job, a salary,
a social security number.
808
00:57:17,101 --> 00:57:19,604
So it's not due to poverty?
809
00:57:19,812 --> 00:57:22,648
Absolutely not.
810
00:57:23,107 --> 00:57:26,235
I salvage out of ethical concerns.
811
00:57:26,485 --> 00:57:31,866
Seeing all the waste
in the streets is disgraceful.
812
00:57:33,367 --> 00:57:37,747
It all proves we're heading
for disasters like the Erika oil spill.
813
00:57:37,872 --> 00:57:39,248
OIL SLICK
814
00:57:58,934 --> 00:58:01,479
Turn its head to the right.
815
00:58:05,149 --> 00:58:06,150
Loosen"
816
00:58:11,197 --> 00:58:15,951
Sea birds, guillemots, razorbills,
817
00:58:16,077 --> 00:58:19,830
all the creatures royally screwed
by Total Fina Oil,
818
00:58:20,039 --> 00:58:23,292
all those who will be
royally screwed
819
00:58:23,417 --> 00:58:25,878
by this over-consuming society —
820
00:58:26,003 --> 00:58:30,591
Because even if they're cleaned up,
they can still get caught in our nets.
821
00:58:30,716 --> 00:58:33,344
I'm an activist for their sake.
822
00:58:33,511 --> 00:58:37,431
People can croak
in their apartments amid their trash.
823
00:58:37,556 --> 00:58:39,684
Fine by me. Birds first.
824
00:58:46,023 --> 00:58:47,900
Do you always wear boots?
825
00:58:48,025 --> 00:58:51,070
Yes. Rubber boots
have two advantages.
826
00:58:51,237 --> 00:58:55,533
They're just the thing
on all this hostile terrain.
827
00:58:55,700 --> 00:58:58,285
There's a psychological aspect too.
828
00:58:58,411 --> 00:59:01,706
In my boots,
I'm like the lord of the town.
829
00:59:01,831 --> 00:59:04,250
All these idiots dump away.
830
00:59:04,375 --> 00:59:07,795
I come along after them
and rake in the chips.
831
00:59:12,049 --> 00:59:14,593
TRASH IS BEAUTIFUL!
832
00:59:14,885 --> 00:59:19,348
An exhibition featuring
pretend trash cans
833
00:59:19,473 --> 00:59:21,684
was organized to teach children
834
00:59:21,809 --> 00:59:23,894
how to sort the trash.
835
00:59:31,944 --> 00:59:34,739
At “Trash is Beautiful,”
they like colors...
836
00:59:35,197 --> 00:59:38,784
and children play
with bits of salvaged junk.
837
00:59:38,909 --> 00:59:40,911
This is plastic found in the street.
838
00:59:44,915 --> 00:59:48,252
Gino Rizzi is in charge
of the kids' workshop.
839
00:59:49,754 --> 00:59:53,424
He himself transforms
yogurt containers into flowers...
840
00:59:55,009 --> 00:59:57,094
and plastic bottles into mobiles.
841
01:00:01,390 --> 01:00:04,894
Where does play end and art begin?
842
01:00:05,019 --> 01:00:09,273
CARTIER FOUNDATION
FOR CONTEMPORARY ART
843
01:00:11,901 --> 01:00:13,944
American artist Sarah Sze
844
01:00:14,111 --> 01:00:17,448
exhibits huge mobiles
made of lots of bits and pieces.
845
01:00:19,450 --> 01:00:22,953
Kitchen trash has made it
into the art world,
846
01:00:23,120 --> 01:00:26,373
where junk is highly prized...
and highly priced.
847
01:00:40,304 --> 01:00:42,223
But trash in museums
848
01:00:42,348 --> 01:00:46,185
is small, cute, clean, and colorful.
849
01:00:46,310 --> 01:00:50,898
Have these kids ever seen
what a broom really sweeps up...
850
01:00:51,023 --> 01:00:54,527
or shaken hands
with a garbage collector?
851
01:00:58,656 --> 01:01:00,157
How you doing?
852
01:01:00,324 --> 01:01:02,076
Everything okay?
- Yeah.
853
01:01:02,409 --> 01:01:05,120
This is neighborhood life.
854
01:01:06,038 --> 01:01:07,790
I live here
855
01:01:08,082 --> 01:01:11,502
at Mr. Charlie Plusquellec's,
because he's a friend.
856
01:01:11,836 --> 01:01:13,337
More than a friend.
857
01:01:13,796 --> 01:01:17,466
He's a protector, a godfather.
He's everything to me.
858
01:01:17,675 --> 01:01:20,427
I'm very, very happy-
859
01:01:20,553 --> 01:01:23,806
I'm surrounded by nature here.
860
01:01:24,223 --> 01:01:27,017
You can see: It's like paradise.
861
01:01:28,143 --> 01:01:31,772
Salomon is
a bit like a migrating bird.
862
01:01:32,022 --> 01:01:34,859
He arrives, he moves in.
863
01:01:34,984 --> 01:01:37,403
Then one day he disappears.
864
01:01:37,653 --> 01:01:42,199
Then he comes back again.
Then he leaves again.
865
01:01:42,366 --> 01:01:45,536
This is his third time here.
866
01:01:46,120 --> 01:01:49,540
Every day I leave here...
867
01:01:50,124 --> 01:01:52,418
I wander around...
868
01:01:53,043 --> 01:01:57,047
looking here and there for discards.
869
01:02:09,894 --> 01:02:12,396
I said don't touch anything!
870
01:02:12,938 --> 01:02:14,940
You hear me?
- Yes, ma'am.
871
01:02:15,065 --> 01:02:17,401
Don't you understand?
872
01:02:19,111 --> 01:02:23,490
Early every morning
we come salvage a little something.
873
01:02:24,533 --> 01:02:26,201
It's like the lottery.
874
01:02:27,328 --> 01:02:29,288
There's plenty for everyone.
875
01:02:31,040 --> 01:02:32,583
It's good.
876
01:02:35,127 --> 01:02:36,837
There's lots.
877
01:02:37,546 --> 01:02:39,214
You need any?
878
01:02:39,340 --> 01:02:42,092
He might want some.
Want some bread?
879
01:02:44,428 --> 01:02:47,264
I always come and help myself.
880
01:02:48,891 --> 01:02:51,685
Sometimes you find
good cold meats,
881
01:02:51,852 --> 01:02:54,939
sometimes poultry,
a bit of everything.
882
01:02:56,065 --> 01:02:58,651
Salomon found...
883
01:02:59,443 --> 01:03:02,112
some chicken legs.
884
01:03:02,780 --> 01:03:07,076
I'm cooking them
before they go bad.
885
01:03:08,953 --> 01:03:12,581
You'll be eating chicken
and rabbit for a month!
886
01:03:12,873 --> 01:03:14,792
Don't worry.
887
01:03:15,042 --> 01:03:18,379
We always find someone
to share with.
888
01:03:20,798 --> 01:03:25,302
We give it to the neighbors.
Especially the woman next door.
889
01:03:37,064 --> 01:03:38,941
Not bad.
890
01:03:39,066 --> 01:03:42,653
Right now we have 1, 2, 3...
891
01:03:43,112 --> 01:03:46,490
four refrigerators and two freezers
892
01:03:46,991 --> 01:03:50,619
that we picked up and fixed.
893
01:03:51,829 --> 01:03:54,331
I patch them up and fix them.
894
01:03:54,456 --> 01:03:57,501
When they're working,
I sell them...
895
01:03:57,793 --> 01:04:00,587
or I give them away to neighbors.
896
01:04:11,306 --> 01:04:14,184
The streets are full of refrigerators.
897
01:04:14,727 --> 01:04:17,563
Some work, some don't.
898
01:04:19,523 --> 01:04:22,943
The “Empty Lot” collective
in Villeneuve-sur-Lot
899
01:04:23,110 --> 01:04:25,863
reimagines salvaged refrigerators
900
01:04:26,030 --> 01:04:29,366
and furnishes them
with all modern amenities.
901
01:04:42,713 --> 01:04:46,050
DEMONSTRATION FRIDGE
902
01:04:46,175 --> 01:04:48,552
Free our comrades!
903
01:04:56,310 --> 01:04:58,437
My neighbor the Lion of Denfert
904
01:04:58,562 --> 01:05:00,564
is made of bronze.
905
01:05:00,731 --> 01:05:03,901
My friend the Lion of Aries
is made of stone.
906
01:05:05,152 --> 01:05:07,404
We got there early one morning.
907
01:05:09,907 --> 01:05:12,493
The carnies were still asleep.
908
01:05:13,202 --> 01:05:16,622
I saw a man
Watching the river flow by.
909
01:05:20,751 --> 01:05:24,421
Part of me felt like approaching.
Part of me didn't.
910
01:05:31,595 --> 01:05:33,764
Further on along the Rhône,
911
01:05:33,889 --> 01:05:35,557
in an almost heavenly orchard,
912
01:05:36,141 --> 01:05:38,268
the gleaners arrive.
913
01:05:39,561 --> 01:05:41,230
You can tell them
914
01:05:41,355 --> 01:05:45,776
by their baskets, crates,
plastic bags, and other containers
915
01:05:45,901 --> 01:05:49,947
that look nothing like those
used by the workers here.
916
01:05:50,447 --> 01:05:54,118
My name's David.
I'm the foreman here.
917
01:05:55,160 --> 01:05:58,997
We frequently allow
gleaners to come in
918
01:05:59,123 --> 01:06:01,083
after our harvesters,
919
01:06:01,208 --> 01:06:03,961
provided they remain
10 yards behind.
920
01:06:05,462 --> 01:06:09,675
There are lots of apples
left on the trees.
921
01:06:10,175 --> 01:06:12,761
We take advantage of that.
922
01:06:12,928 --> 01:06:16,807
I collect them
so they don't go to waste.
923
01:06:16,932 --> 01:06:19,726
I share them with others.
924
01:06:19,893 --> 01:06:22,396
We make applesauce.
925
01:06:22,646 --> 01:06:27,317
Seeing so many left
just makes you want to pick them.
926
01:06:27,609 --> 01:06:30,279
I don't take damaged ones,
927
01:06:30,404 --> 01:06:33,198
because my children
are very particular.
928
01:06:33,323 --> 01:06:35,909
They're used to the best.
929
01:06:37,494 --> 01:06:40,664
This one's damaged, so I toss it.
930
01:06:40,789 --> 01:06:43,625
Even gleaners are selective.
931
01:06:45,252 --> 01:06:48,797
Here's an apple
with nothing going for it.
932
01:06:49,256 --> 01:06:52,009
It's like an ugly and stupid person.
933
01:06:52,176 --> 01:06:54,887
It's small and has burn marks too.
934
01:06:55,012 --> 01:06:57,014
Commercial value: zero.
935
01:06:58,765 --> 01:07:01,268
We can't tell people
936
01:07:02,019 --> 01:07:05,981
not to help themselves to apples
937
01:07:06,106 --> 01:07:08,650
once we've finished harvesting.
938
01:07:08,901 --> 01:07:11,778
So we define
a very specific gleaning period.
939
01:07:11,904 --> 01:07:14,948
We take down
license plate numbers.
940
01:07:15,073 --> 01:07:18,410
For mopeds we ask
for a copy of the owners' ID.
941
01:07:18,827 --> 01:07:24,499
And we give them precise dates
when they can come pick apples.
942
01:07:24,625 --> 01:07:26,877
Isn't that a bit over-regulated?
943
01:07:27,002 --> 01:07:30,088
It's either that or nothing at all.
944
01:07:32,799 --> 01:07:35,552
Once people are registered,
945
01:07:35,677 --> 01:07:38,555
I don't care
if they take 400 pounds,
946
01:07:38,722 --> 01:07:40,724
a whole season's worth.
947
01:07:41,225 --> 01:07:43,227
Good for them.
948
01:07:43,560 --> 01:07:46,230
In this seven-acre field,
949
01:07:46,396 --> 01:07:49,942
at least 10 tons
won't be harvested.
950
01:07:50,484 --> 01:07:53,820
That gives the gleaners
quite a bit of exercise.
951
01:07:57,199 --> 01:08:00,786
You have to look behind branches,
among the leaves.
952
01:08:00,911 --> 01:08:03,997
It takes a while
to fill up a basket.
953
01:08:04,122 --> 01:08:07,251
It's no piece of cake.
It's hard work.
954
01:08:14,424 --> 01:08:16,468
Quite a few fell down.
955
01:08:18,637 --> 01:08:21,098
You just have to pick them up.
956
01:08:23,600 --> 01:08:27,771
Robert a gleaner of many crops,
invited us to follow him.
957
01:08:28,438 --> 01:08:30,482
He knows where to find quince
958
01:08:30,607 --> 01:08:33,026
and what to look for
in greenhouses.
959
01:08:40,784 --> 01:08:42,911
I'm looking for pine nuts.
960
01:08:43,287 --> 01:08:45,372
You don't miss a trick!
961
01:08:45,497 --> 01:08:48,959
Nothing gets by me.
962
01:08:49,126 --> 01:08:52,296
They've harvested the tomatoes
in this greenhouse.
963
01:08:52,504 --> 01:08:56,133
I'll gather what's left
before they clean the place.
964
01:08:56,550 --> 01:08:58,552
There are some tomatoes.
965
01:09:00,345 --> 01:09:02,681
This is nature.
It shouldn't be wasted.
966
01:09:03,807 --> 01:09:07,185
They're left behind.
Once the harvest is over,
967
01:09:07,311 --> 01:09:10,480
it's not worth hiring people
just for those.
968
01:09:10,647 --> 01:09:12,691
They'd rather let us do it.
969
01:09:13,191 --> 01:09:16,445
Can anyone go in the greenhouses?
970
01:09:16,570 --> 01:09:20,324
I don't know what the law says
about greenhouses.
971
01:09:20,574 --> 01:09:23,744
A greenhouse is a facility
for growing vegetables.
972
01:09:23,910 --> 01:09:25,996
Once the harvest is done,
973
01:09:26,163 --> 01:09:30,500
a few tomatoes, grapes,
carrots, or celery are left behind.
974
01:09:30,834 --> 01:09:33,337
If gleaners adhere to the law,
975
01:09:33,503 --> 01:09:35,630
growers can't say anything
976
01:09:35,756 --> 01:09:38,592
or press charges.
977
01:09:38,842 --> 01:09:40,886
Even on their own property?
978
01:09:41,011 --> 01:09:45,098
Precisely. Gleaning is always
on private property.
979
01:09:47,100 --> 01:09:51,188
Mr. Dessaud, our lawyer in the fields,
explained gleaning rights.
980
01:09:51,897 --> 01:09:56,193
Mrs. Espié, our lawyer in the streets,
tells us about salvaging rights.
981
01:10:04,034 --> 01:10:07,496
A different law
applies to these items.
982
01:10:08,330 --> 01:10:11,833
“Res derelictae”
are items with no owner,
983
01:10:11,958 --> 01:10:16,421
since the original owner's intention
has been clearly expressed:
984
01:10:16,546 --> 01:10:19,633
They have deliberately
abandoned them.
985
01:10:19,841 --> 01:10:23,011
Only the penal code
speaks to their status.
986
01:10:23,136 --> 01:10:27,641
It says these items can't be stolen
because they have no owner.
987
01:10:27,891 --> 01:10:32,729
Whoever salvages these items
becomes their legal owner.
988
01:10:32,938 --> 01:10:36,900
Ownership isn't being transferred
between parties.
989
01:10:37,901 --> 01:10:40,904
Once they take these items,
they belong to them...
990
01:10:41,029 --> 01:10:42,989
irrevocably.
991
01:10:43,657 --> 01:10:45,117
Thank you very much.
992
01:10:45,242 --> 01:10:46,827
You're welcome.
993
01:10:47,536 --> 01:10:49,579
Sidelined beds on the sidewalk
994
01:10:49,704 --> 01:10:53,333
Washed-out machines,
tired-out fridges
995
01:10:53,458 --> 01:10:55,669
Just bend down
and grab your furniture
996
01:10:55,794 --> 01:10:58,880
Yeah, cookers,
cushions, club armchairs
997
01:10:59,005 --> 01:11:03,009
Weary wood chairs, TV sets,
worn-out couches
998
01:11:03,135 --> 01:11:06,346
Iron, rattan, stoves, and cushions
999
01:11:06,471 --> 01:11:08,890
Just bend over, you're made over
1000
01:11:09,015 --> 01:11:12,102
TV crap and TV rap...
1001
01:11:15,313 --> 01:11:18,442
I've seen lots of TVs abandoned,
1002
01:11:18,567 --> 01:11:20,777
and within minutes...
1003
01:11:22,195 --> 01:11:24,573
someone was salvaging the copper.
1004
01:11:30,162 --> 01:11:33,206
Copper from the deflection coils.
1005
01:11:47,888 --> 01:11:51,183
I looked at the magic screen,
thinking how I began this film
1006
01:11:52,058 --> 01:11:55,103
right after the eclipse shown on TV,
1007
01:11:55,312 --> 01:11:59,065
continued it while the countdown
to Y2K was shown on TV,
1008
01:11:59,983 --> 01:12:03,111
and ended the film on May 1st.
1009
01:12:08,200 --> 01:12:11,536
Other less violent souls
take a TV home,
1010
01:12:11,661 --> 01:12:13,830
hoping to repair it.
1011
01:12:14,831 --> 01:12:17,667
I found two small chairs
on the street
1012
01:12:17,792 --> 01:12:19,669
and took them home.
1013
01:12:23,673 --> 01:12:26,635
One night
when bulky items were set out,
1014
01:12:26,760 --> 01:12:29,221
I drove around
with François Wertheimer,
1015
01:12:29,346 --> 01:12:31,973
who 'o' composed
one of my film scores,
1016
01:12:32,098 --> 01:12:33,975
and who also sang.
1017
01:12:43,944 --> 01:12:47,197
He has dressed
all in white for 25 years.
1018
01:12:48,865 --> 01:12:51,826
François is curious
and enjoys rummaging.
1019
01:12:52,202 --> 01:12:54,538
But nothing
caught his eye that night.
1020
01:12:57,707 --> 01:12:59,793
He looked at an empty clock
1021
01:12:59,960 --> 01:13:01,711
but put it back down.
1022
01:13:02,963 --> 01:13:05,674
I picked it up and took it home.
1023
01:13:10,804 --> 01:13:14,474
A clock without hands
works fine for me.
1024
01:13:18,186 --> 01:13:20,730
You don't see time passing.
1025
01:13:44,504 --> 01:13:46,756
I like filming rot...
1026
01:13:47,007 --> 01:13:49,426
leftovers, waste...
1027
01:13:49,843 --> 01:13:51,845
mold and trash.
1028
01:13:55,932 --> 01:13:58,101
But I never forget
1029
01:13:58,310 --> 01:14:01,438
those who do their shopping
in the leftovers and trash
1030
01:14:01,605 --> 01:14:03,690
when the market is over.
1031
01:14:14,576 --> 01:14:15,952
It's past 2:00.
1032
01:14:16,286 --> 01:14:19,122
I've done my shopping,
and I linger on
1033
01:14:19,623 --> 01:14:21,625
until the market is over.
1034
01:14:23,543 --> 01:14:27,714
I notice a man with a big bag
eating on the spot.
1035
01:14:33,470 --> 01:14:37,140
I'd see him now and then,
always with his bag,
1036
01:14:37,474 --> 01:14:39,351
always eating.
1037
01:14:45,732 --> 01:14:47,651
The day he was eating parsley,
1038
01:14:47,776 --> 01:14:49,527
I went over to him.
1039
01:14:50,487 --> 01:14:52,572
Do you eat a lot of parsley?
1040
01:14:52,697 --> 01:14:56,076
Sometimes.
It's full of vitamin C and E,
1041
01:14:56,284 --> 01:14:58,953
beta carotene, zinc, magnesium.
1042
01:14:59,287 --> 01:15:01,414
It's excellent.
1043
01:15:01,873 --> 01:15:04,501
His answer amazed me.
1044
01:15:05,335 --> 01:15:08,296
Over the following weeks,
I filmed him repeatedly,
1045
01:15:08,546 --> 01:15:12,676
with or Without sound,
as he talked to me in snatches.
1046
01:15:14,511 --> 01:15:17,430
I pick up food at the markets.
1047
01:15:17,639 --> 01:15:20,684
It's that much less to buy.
1048
01:15:21,893 --> 01:15:24,521
I'm mostly vegetarian,
1049
01:15:24,813 --> 01:15:27,440
so I find what I need.
1050
01:15:30,068 --> 01:15:32,237
I don't earn much,
1051
01:15:32,362 --> 01:15:34,239
but I still have to eat.
1052
01:15:38,118 --> 01:15:41,121
When you see
what they throw away here...
1053
01:15:44,082 --> 01:15:48,878
In the markets I find
mostly fruit and vegetables.
1054
01:15:49,045 --> 01:15:51,840
Sometimes cheese, but that's rare.
1055
01:15:58,972 --> 01:16:02,809
I eat a lot of fruit.
I love apples.
1056
01:16:03,393 --> 01:16:05,311
I find all the apples I want.
1057
01:16:06,563 --> 01:16:10,150
- How many apples a day?
- Six or seven.
1058
01:16:11,067 --> 01:16:13,027
Is that your staple diet?
1059
01:16:13,153 --> 01:16:15,905
I eat bread too.
1060
01:16:19,367 --> 01:16:22,412
I get up at 4:00,
I catch the train,
1061
01:16:22,704 --> 01:16:27,375
and I arrive in Paris at 5:45.
1062
01:16:28,668 --> 01:16:30,795
Between 6:00 and 7:00 a.m.,
1063
01:16:31,004 --> 01:16:34,924
they throw away bread
left over from the day before.
1064
01:16:35,049 --> 01:16:38,094
If you spot
a trash can near a bakery,
1065
01:16:38,219 --> 01:16:41,264
it's likely to contain
sandwiches, bread,
1066
01:16:41,389 --> 01:16:42,932
and all that.
1067
01:16:46,853 --> 01:16:48,855
I eat lots of bread.
1068
01:16:48,980 --> 01:16:51,858
It's a staple food
full of protein and carbohydrates.
1069
01:16:51,983 --> 01:16:54,152
It's odd, this concern —
1070
01:16:54,277 --> 01:16:56,613
- For a balanced diet?
- Yes.
1071
01:16:56,905 --> 01:16:59,282
Well, I studied biology,
1072
01:16:59,449 --> 01:17:03,953
so it's natural
to know a thing or two.
1073
01:17:06,206 --> 01:17:08,833
I used to be a teaching assistant.
1074
01:17:09,042 --> 01:17:12,170
When people find out
I have a master's degree,
1075
01:17:12,295 --> 01:17:16,841
they can't understand
why I sell papers to earn a living.
1076
01:17:17,509 --> 01:17:20,887
I sell magazines or street papers.
1077
01:17:23,515 --> 01:17:26,267
Usually in front of the train station.
1078
01:17:56,339 --> 01:17:59,425
I live in migrant housing,
where 50 % of the residents
1079
01:17:59,926 --> 01:18:02,011
are illiterate.
1080
01:18:02,679 --> 01:18:07,350
Immigrants from Mali
and Senegal, mostly.
1081
01:18:08,476 --> 01:18:12,021
I moved here eight years ago...
1082
01:18:12,689 --> 01:18:16,693
and I've been teaching them
to read and write for six years.
1083
01:18:17,318 --> 01:18:21,865
I'm not part of the school system.
I don't get paid for it.
1084
01:18:24,325 --> 01:18:29,163
I teach every evening
from 61-30 or 7:00
1085
01:18:29,289 --> 01:18:31,708
until 8:30 or 9:00.
1086
01:18:36,713 --> 01:18:39,883
He set up and decorated
the classroom himself
1087
01:18:40,550 --> 01:18:44,387
for the students,
who come and go as they please.
1088
01:18:51,352 --> 01:18:54,647
Here are a few examples
1089
01:18:54,939 --> 01:18:57,358
using those syllables.
1090
01:19:01,112 --> 01:19:02,989
And the example is...
1091
01:19:07,035 --> 01:19:08,578
That's right.
1092
01:19:08,703 --> 01:19:12,415
“A nocturnal activity.”
1093
01:19:12,540 --> 01:19:14,417
What does “nocturnal” mean?
1094
01:19:18,379 --> 01:19:21,132
What is success?
1095
01:19:21,257 --> 01:19:23,217
Isn't it a behavior?
1096
01:19:24,260 --> 01:19:26,721
When someone
has succeeded in life.
1097
01:19:26,846 --> 01:19:28,723
Someone who has succeeded.
1098
01:19:28,848 --> 01:19:32,060
- Like Céline Dion?
- Exactly.
1099
01:19:32,268 --> 01:19:33,978
Someone famous?
1100
01:19:34,103 --> 01:19:37,398
- It's more the will to...
- Succeed.
1101
01:19:37,523 --> 01:19:40,443
When you've achieved something,
that's success.
1102
01:19:43,529 --> 01:19:46,449
“A useful insect.”
1103
01:19:47,116 --> 01:19:48,159
An example?
1104
01:19:48,284 --> 01:19:50,787
A cockroach.
1105
01:19:50,912 --> 01:19:53,790
I'm not sure
a cockroach is useful...
1106
01:19:54,332 --> 01:19:56,459
but it is an insect.
1107
01:20:02,298 --> 01:20:05,927
Meeting this man
is what surprised me the most
1108
01:20:06,052 --> 01:20:08,346
in the whole time I was filming.
1109
01:20:08,638 --> 01:20:12,433
That and how long
it took me to find out
1110
01:20:12,558 --> 01:20:16,479
about his nocturnal activity
as a volunteer in a suburban basement.
1111
01:20:24,487 --> 01:20:27,573
The other high point
is quite different in kind.
1112
01:20:28,825 --> 01:20:31,202
I talked the museum
in Villefranche-sur-Saône
1113
01:20:31,327 --> 01:20:33,454
into bringing out of storage
1114
01:20:33,830 --> 01:20:35,832
a painting by Hédouin
1115
01:20:35,999 --> 01:20:39,585
that I'd seen reproduced
in black and white in a catalog.
1116
01:20:40,086 --> 01:20:43,131
Brigitte, the curator,
and her assistant Julie
1117
01:20:43,256 --> 01:20:45,800
had to disturb
several slumbering paintings
1118
01:20:45,925 --> 01:20:48,970
before finding the one
I wanted to bring to light:
1119
01:20:49,345 --> 01:20:51,848
Gleaners Fleeing Before the Storm.
1120
01:21:04,819 --> 01:21:07,363
To see the gleaners
in broad daylight,
1121
01:21:07,530 --> 01:21:10,324
with stormy gusts
lashing the canvas,
1122
01:21:10,450 --> 01:21:12,535
was a true delight.
83089
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