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Eߣ�B��B��B�B�B��matroskaB��B��S�g �M�t�M��S��I�fS��M��S��T�kS���M��S��S�kS���M��S��T�gS��~�O� I�f@�*ױ�B@M��libebml v1.4.2 + libmatroska v1.6.4WA�mkvmerge v68.0.0 ('The Curtain') 64-bitD��AVc�@ Da� ��X}e {��The Quiet Epidemics����1xk 1����d���T�k���ׁsň<��=
&`<���� ��S_TEXT/UTF8"���en-US�D( C�u��C ����� [ambient nature sounds]���C�u�炀b����� [serene music]��������� ♪ ♪��_C�u��������� [bird squawking]���C�u�������� [bird squawking]���C�u��Zݠ���� [birds squawking]���C�u��p5����� - [blowing softly]��8C�u��������� [blows]���C�u��������� There's a bunch of 'em
on this bird.��������% Several of 'em right here
on the top of the head.��
DC�u��Ǝ����� There's another one
just loose.��������� And just dropped.���C�u���4����� [chuckles]��������� We may not see that one again.�� �����, This is really quite unusual.���C�u@�������� Two of 'em just fell off here.��e������ They're all apparently
completely engorged,��������8 and ready just to fall off.��xC�u�������� [music builds]���C�u������ - Here's one.
Here's one.��Ӡ����� Here.���C�u��������� Here. Here.��6������ So that's 81 larvae
in one 30-meter drag.��uC�u���Ơ���� - We have this project��<�����f where we're testing ticks��������
from all over the country.���C�u�����ġ�� These are ticks that are coming
into contact with people.�� ������
2 - Texas, New York,��[C�u��������� Virginia, Florida,
Pennsylvania, Missouri,��
�����
2 Oklahoma, Wyoming, California,�� �C�u�������� Georgia, Ohio,
Indiana, Nevada,��䠢��� Alabama, North Carolina.�� �C�u@��3����� - Ticks are not just
in the Northeast,�� ����� I where we classically
think they are.��������i They're in the South.
They're in the far West.��OC�u��M栻��� And that means that
these things are everywhere.��Ҡ����� [suspenseful music]���C�u��a������ ♪ ♪��
ꠠ��� - There is an epidemic��������� disease spreading across���C�u��wH����� the United States.��U�����~ It's called Lyme disease.��P������ It's serious and can be fatal.���C�u@���M����� - As it digs in
for a meal of blood,��P�����y it can inject
the germ it carries��ؠ����{ right into your bloodstream.���C�u@��������� Shaped like a corkscrew
and called a spirochete,��
������
� first cousin of the spirochete
that causes syphilis,��
�C�u������� and equally elusive.��������V - The disease causes symptoms
that look like dementia,��
C�u�������� Alzheimer's disease,��������� multiple sclerosis, ALS.�� �C�u@���J�� - Meanwhile, debate is growing
over the proper treatment��������� for Lyme disease.��������� all: Lyme is spreading!���C�u��Ѡ���� - Most cases respond��ݠ���� to treatment with antibiotics,��[������ but others do not.���C�u@�^����� Whether they suffer from
a chronic form of the disease��
D�����
m is a hotly contested debate
among doctors,�� JC�u��.>����� patients,
and insurance companies.�������
� - There is a public perception
that Lyme disease��>C�u@��G,����� can routinely present
in a myriad of ways.��b������ That is incorrect.��6������ - Right now,
my hands are burning.��~C�u@��`������ My feet are burning.��頠��� Every joint in my body��������
� hurts all day.��1����� That's Lyme disease.��+C�u��y0����� - You brought a tick.��h������ - The Lyme disease, the ticks,
they're everywhere.��
�C�u��������� - Last year, there were cases
reported in 24 states.��>�����g - 37 states.
- 43 states.�� C�u���L����� - 45 states.��Z������ - And it may be as close
as your backyard.��������P [suspenseful music]���C�u���W����� ♪ ♪��_C�u�� ������ [ambient noises]���C�u���Y����� - [sighs]��1�����! I get a really guilty feeling
when I come down here.���C�u@��������� Because, uh, you know,��%�����O I guess it's
about starting something�������z that I was never able
to finish.���C�u����� And it kind of just reminds me�� I����� s of when life used
to be normal.�� ������: [soft dramatic music]���C�u���砑��� ♪ ♪��`�ơ��� It's really hard to make people
understand what's at stake.���C�u��Q����� It's so much more than
just suffering and disease.��b������ [kids vocalizing]���C�u��:4����� It's like an atomic bomb
drops down on your life��u������ and just turns everything
upside down.���C�u��`+����� Tons of medications.��������� These are pill organizers.��ؠ���� Oxygen.���C�u��������� Empty meds.��O�����y Those are all full.�� I������ This is what life became.���C�u���s����� I--I would let it all burn��
m�����
� just to see Julia walk.�� sC�u��������� Let's see you go. Do it.
Let's see you go.��
������� - As a kid, I was very eager.�� C�u��ϛ����� I was very active.��������� I loved to dance.��ݠ����i And I used to love
to ride my bike.�� C�u���M����� - Feeling good?
- Fine.��
������
� But those things about me
started to change.�� C�u�������� Even though I knew
something was wrong,�������� I never imagined
it would be this.���C�u@��?_����� Like a week before I started�������� to get seriously ill,�� 𠰡��: well, I started
to notice it was hard���C�u@��Zk����� to get out of bed
in the morning.��נ���� And you know,
everybody has those days�������
2 where they can't imagine
waking up.���C�u��pi����� But it was every day,
and it took me, like,��h������ an hour to get out of bed.���C�u��������� The second week
that I was sick,��
n�����
� I was just sitting in class,��Ҡ����� and my legs went numb.�� �C�u@�������� - The school called me,
and they said,��㠴��� "Something is seriously wrong
with Julia.��������� You need to get here
right away."��%C�u�������� When I got there,��頯��� I found Julia
in the nurse's office,��
�����V and she was just lifeless��yC�u@�������� across two chairs.��`�š��� And I went to go nudge Julia,
and I'm like, "Julia. Julia.��
n����� What's the matter?
What happened?"���C�u@���젪��� She's like,
"Dad, I can't see."��0�����[ And she said,
"I can't feel my arms,��O������ and I can't feel my legs."��zC�u���b����� So I took her straight
to the hospital.��������@ Julia was tested
for everything several times,��
�C�u��c����� not just once, and everything
comes back negative.��&�����P It was a very confusing time.��
mC�u��2J����� I felt like Julia was dying.��������� So I spent a lot of time
researching all her symptoms.���C�u@��J����� Julia's doctor would come
to me and say,��������� "Did you find anything else
that we could test for?"�� Ơ����� So I would give her a list,��C�u@��b����� and she would run tests
for everything I gave her.��b������ Again, I put in the search
with Julia's symptoms,���C�u��w������ and Lyme disease comes up.��
D�����
m And I said,
"I have to read this."��
C�u@���c����� And then I started
researching the area��������% that we vacationed in,��O������ the area around our house.��
�C�u��� ���� There's Lyme disease
in these areas.��������� The story is told very clearly���C�u@���m����� just looking
at her medical records.�� 𠬡��
You know,
Julia got bit by a tick��������� when she was nine years old.���C�u��Պ����� She went undiagnosed
for the next two years.��������� I felt like somebody
threw a bucket���C�u@���*����� of ice water over my head.��~������ I called Josephine.
I called the kids.��������c I--I tell them,
"I know what she's got.���C�u�� A����� She's got Lyme."���¡��1 And when the doctor came in,
it was like night and day.��,C�u@�� Ƞ���� She went from being this
wonderful, supporting doctor,�������8 willing to try anything,��a������ to adamant, "No, impossible.
This is not it."��WC�u�� ;
����� [inquisitive music]��������� ♪ ♪��f�ġ��K I mean, it was almost like
as if we were using profanity,��-C�u�� Y������ like "Lyme disease"
was a bad word.�������� They saw nothing wrong
in the laboratory test,��
�C�u�� u^����� and they figured
she must be faking it.�� Ơ����� - I remember just hearing that
and, like,��
�C�u@�� �:����� I--I couldn't believe it.��`������ Like, I'm having
real symptoms.��������? I was comatose.
I was losing my hair.��>C�u@�� �ᠥ��� - Fever, flaccid paralysis.�������� How could she be faking fever?�� J����� The color blue.
She was blue in color.��hC�u�� ҹ�ǡ�� The doctor insisted that this
had to be conversion syndrome.��VC�u�� �ݠ���� I felt like we were
being attacked.��O�ơ��y And I felt like I had to start
recording what was going on.��
C�u��
ǘ����� - [sniffles]��a������ She was only 11 years old.�� ������Q You know, and she had a--���C�u��
�ߠ���� she had to put up
an argument like that.��+������ The first thing I think of is,���C�u��
��� how many people
go through this��8�����b and then just go home
and suffer in silence?��~C�u��+����� [birds singing]���C�u��~�� - I came to the Lyme disease
controversy as an outsider,��������� as an investigative reporter���C�u���S����� who wanted to find out��f������ what was going on.��a�����
� I went into it intending��UC�u��������� to look at the trend
in Lyme disease cases.��������' Was government doing enough
to control ticks?���C�u���{����� I also wanted to know
why I could get a vaccine�������8 for my dog but there was none���C�u�������� for my children
and grandchildren.��y������ [tense music]���C�u���ݠ���� ♪ ♪������� The main question is whether
Lyme disease is chronic.��C�u��
/����� Does it respond
to the short courses�������8 of antibiotics
that are recommended?�� JC�u��'����� By and large, a small group�� t����� � of researchers
and government officials��bC�u��=.����� basically say short courses
of antibiotics cure.���C�u��\"����� There was another side,
though.�� ������ � I found patients who had been���C�u��q������ to 10, 15, 20 doctors,��������� and they still had lingering,
serious symptoms,���C�u�������� and were tired
of being ignored.��
\C�u���堲��� What I found
after two or three stories������ was that I had waded into one
of the most controversial,���C�u���i�� divisive, and vicious medical
debates in medicine today.���C�u���젚��� [sweeping music]��������� ♪ ♪���C�u��
Ƞ���� - There is a medical detection
story in the making.�� s����� � It deals with arthritis
and the possibility��
mC�u��
������ that a type of arthritis
may have been uncovered��
������
� which is caused
by an insect bite.��
C�u@��
1=����� The outbreak
of arthritis is centered��������� in Lyme, Connecticut,
a small town located��%������ on the Connecticut River.���C�u@��
G<����� In the past three years,
there have been 51��%�����O reported cases
of the mysterious arthritis.�� s������ Several adults
have been treated,��'C�u��
aw����� but most of the victims
are children.��
������
� - So in the early 1970s,���C�u��
u������ Allen Steere is
a newly minted rheumatologist��
�����
2 who has also studied
epidemiology, namely,��
�C�u��
������� "How do we define
and count diseases?"��
ڠ���� He's the guy from Yale��UC�u��
������ who answers the call
of a young mother��b������ who reports that two
of her children���C�u��
������� have been diagnosed
with juvenile arthritis,��
2�����
\ as have a number of others.��+C�u��
� �š�� - Let me ask you, Dr. Steere,
how did you get on the trail�� ������ � of this particular form
of arthritis?��
�C�u��
豠���� - Frank, a number of parents
in this community��=�����g were concerned
that so many children��yC�u��
������� seemed to have arthritis.��������� This is where the medical
detective story comes in.���C�u��B����� Actually, like a detective,��
꠵��� you try to determine
where the people were��
�C�u��'A����� when they got their illness,
when it occurred,��
�����
2 where they were
in relation to one another.��%C�u��Bv����� - In 1977,
he publishes a paper��ߠ����
on an epidemic of arthritis.���C�u��\4����� Dr. Steere found that 25%��>�ǡ��g of that original Lyme disease group
had something of a rash,��C�u��uȠ���� a bull's-eye rash.�� ������ � And he also links this illness��C�u���Ǡ���� to the bite of a tick.�������� But as time went on,
his focus changed,��-C�u���+����� and Dr. Steere was recognized
in the Lyme community�������@ as someone
who was not their ally.��
mC�u�������� all: Lyme is spreading!
Lyme is spreading!��ߠ����
- All we want
is long-term treatment.���C�u@���D����� - If a patient thinks
that they have Lyme disease,��
������
� are being treated
with antibiotic therapy,��������� and are not responding,
the most common reason���C�u@��"����� is that they actually have
another illness.��Ҡ����� [soft dramatic music]�������9 - As Lyme disease evolved,�� sC�u@��"������ doctors needed guidance.�� ����� I So a group got together,�������� called the Infectious Diseases
Society of America,��C�u��C:����� and wrote the first guidelines
to treat Lyme disease,��������� where they staked their claim�� C�u��[-����� that this disease
was not chronic.��h������ ♪ ♪��
�C�u��q������ - This is a fairly benign
disease if treated early.��������� - It has, on occasion,
been life-disruptive,��
�C�u���%����� but I don't want
to overemphasize that fact.��
������ - As hard as the IDSA tried��bC�u��������� to solidify treatment
of Lyme disease��������� in one way only,���C�u���H����� there were cracks
that emerged over time.��
\�����
� And these cracks, if you will,�� �C�u��Ӕ����� were, you know, a doctor here,
a doctor there,��Ӡ����� who discovered��fC�u���!����� following the guidelines
didn't always work.��������� [tense music]�� �C�u��������� - I decided to return
to Westchester County��������� around 1985.��
�C�u�������� Unbeknownst to me,
Westchester at that time��
������
� was beginning
to be a burgeoning epidemic.���C�u@��.������ I knew virtually nothing��㠜���
about Lyme disease��f����� � when I went into practice.��
������ I knew the name. That's about it.�� sC�u��G����� What I was observing was,
like, incredible.��
2�����
\ People get sick.
You treat them.��+C�u@��[Ƞ���� They get better.��`������ And then the same symptoms
would start creeping back.��������i How can a organism survive
these antibiotics?��
�C�u@��|
����� [phone ringing]��+�����U - These were really
in the early days,�������� when we were all looking
for answers.�� C�u@���W����� I was having a lot of patients��㠟���
coming into my office��
�����
C with bull's-eye rashes,��7�ġ��� and about 80% would get better
with standard antibiotics,���C�u@��� ����� but 20% would not.�� s����� � So I would look
at the guidelines,��������Q but unfortunately,
those guidelines were not���C�u@���&����� specific enough
to deal with the complexity��Ҡ����� of what I was seeing.��頽��� - So when I first was learning
about Lyme disease,���C�u@�������� I was really interested
in an article��������% that came out in 1989��a�����
� written by a neurologist,
Andrew Pachner.��OC�u@���*�ˡŁ His article was called
"Lyme disease, the New 'Great Imitator.'"��������� And in that article,
he presented six cases��
C�u@��)����� that were fascinating.��`������ There was one case
of an individual��[����� who had aggression outbursts.����š��� A young child, and when he was
treated, the OCD went away.�� �C�u@��+����� Here we have
an infectious illness��&�����O that's causing
psychiatric problems.�������z So why was Lyme disease��C�u@��B(����� called
"the new great imitator?"��`������ Because the first
great imitator was syphilis.��
m�����! Syphilis was caused
by a spiral-shaped organism��
CC�u��\������ called a treponeme,��a�¡��� and Lyme disease is caused
by a spiral-shaped organism.��WC�u��p������ Syphilis caused a huge variety
of manifestations.��
������
� So it mimicked other diseases.�� �C�u@��������� - Lyme disease may
be the great masquerader��%�����O of the 1980s and '90s�������z in that it can do
almost anything.���C�u@���%�ġ�� - The Lyme disease spirochete
is shaped like a corkscrew,��������� so it drills
through your joint cartilage.��VC�u@��Ɲ����� It quickly leaves
the bloodstream.�� Ơ���� � It goes to organs.��U�����n It goes to the heart
and the brain.��
DC�u@���Ӡ���� - The Lyme disease bacteria,
Borrelia burgdorferi,�� ����� J is definitely one
of the smartest bacteria��������" on the planet.���C�u�� 𠳡�� This organism knows
how to change forms.��������� It knows how to hide.�� �C�u�������� And the way it evades
the immune system--��%�����O Lyme is more difficult
to find on the blood tests.��
�C�u@��/������ - And many of us clinicians
were observing that.��=�����g Patients that we strongly
believed had Lyme disease,���C�u@��H#����� their standard tests
for Lyme disease were negative.��������� And as a result, it is easy
for people to honestly,��8C�u@��`@����� you know, confuse Lyme
for other conditions.��=��g - The most common misdiagnoses
that I see in my practice��
C�u@��u�ʡā are people who've been diagnosed
with chronic fatigue syndrome,��g������ fibromyalgia,
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus,���C�u@���[����� multiple sclerosis
is a big one,�������+ patients who have dementia,
Alzheimer's.��������K Lyme can imitate
all of these different diseases.��
�C�u���g����� So it's a very,
very complex organism,��������� and you really have
to understand the biology��xC�u�������� to understand how to treat
these patients effectively.�� s������ - We're now up
to almost 500,000 cases��8C�u���<����� of Lyme disease
in America every year.��
������� There are more cases
of Lyme disease��OC�u����� than HIV
and breast cancer combined.��������! Of those 500,000,�� �C�u��
������ about 10% to 20% will stay sick������� for some period of time.�� �C�u@��'W����� We now believe
that something on the order��͠����� of 2 million people��1�����Q suffer the aftereffects
of Lyme disease���C�u��C������ in the United States.��㠪���
� So 50 years later,
here we are,��
�C�u��[������ and we still haven't
answered many��
m�����
� of the most urgent
and basic questions.��
\C�u��w������ "Chronic Lyme disease"
is a rejected term��V������ in American medicine.��
C�u��������� The question is, why?��������� [ambient nature sounds]���C�u��������� - Home, sweet home
away from home.��
٠���� And it is...���C�u�������� time to do the ritual ironing.���C�u��#������ I feel a little guilty
staying in this place.��g������ Usually, like,
an Embassy Suites person.��hC�u��Fi����� I literally just came
from Carlisle, Pennsylvania,��
������
� which is, like,
an incredibly endemic area.��
\C�u��^ڠ���� And just
to hear the stories there,��
������
� with whole towns
and neighborhoods being infected.��>C�u��}{����� The mere fact
that I validate their disease,��i������ you know, and recognize
it's not all in their head,�� �C�u@���Ԡ���� that they're not just
fabricating everything--�������1 I think that's so important
for people�� ������� to have maybe
somebody like me,���C�u��������� who's in the medical
profession, saying,��
2�����
\ "I hear you."
You know, "I get it."�� IC�u��� �� - It is my honor to introduce
tonight's keynote speaker,��9�����b Dr. Neil Spector.��UC�u@�������� Dr. Spector is one of the top��������� breast cancer scientists
in the country.�� ��� The Lyme community
is so incredibly fortunate��
�C�u@��������� to have one of the smartest
minds in research,�� I����� s who is working
towards better treatment��1������ and a cure
for tick-borne illnesses.�� �C�u@�$'����� - Okay. Lyme disease.�� ������ � It's everywhere, right?��7�����&