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1
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We choose to go to the moon.
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We choose to go to the moon in
this decade, and do the other things...
3
00:00:27,729 --> 00:00:31,024
not because they are easy,
but because they are hard.
4
00:01:42,454 --> 00:01:44,626
- Look at that.
- That's beautiful.
5
00:01:44,695 --> 00:01:46,800
It's gotta be one of the most
proud moments of my life...
6
00:01:46,871 --> 00:01:48,726
I guarantee you.
7
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Before painting the Sixtine Chapel...
8
00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,302
Michel-Angelo had to first construct
a massive scaffolding...
9
00:02:04,376 --> 00:02:06,285
to allow him access to the ceiling...
10
00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:09,295
without interfering
with the chapel's daily use.
11
00:02:09,368 --> 00:02:12,597
He had to develop special wax models so
he could study the lighting effects...
12
00:02:12,664 --> 00:02:14,487
to be duplicated in the frescoes...
13
00:02:14,553 --> 00:02:17,968
and come up with a special
slow-drying plaster.
14
00:02:18,041 --> 00:02:21,489
He suffered constant deadline pressure
from frustrated church officials...
15
00:02:21,561 --> 00:02:24,693
and the Pope, who just wanted
the ceiling finished.
16
00:02:24,762 --> 00:02:27,479
The work itself was uncomfortable
and unending...
17
00:02:27,546 --> 00:02:29,881
with wet paint and plaster
dripping in the face of the man...
18
00:02:29,946 --> 00:02:33,175
who was not, after all, a painter,
but a sculptor.
19
00:02:34,298 --> 00:02:39,252
Such challenges arise in all
the great works of human imagination...
20
00:02:39,323 --> 00:02:42,171
be they the creation of our world
rendered upon...
21
00:02:42,235 --> 00:02:44,123
the ceiling of a church...
22
00:02:44,187 --> 00:02:47,286
or the view of our world
evident by making the voyage...
23
00:02:47,356 --> 00:02:49,211
from the Earth to the moon.
24
00:04:17,282 --> 00:04:19,933
For a long time about the only people
who gave much thought...
25
00:04:20,002 --> 00:04:22,075
of going to the moon
were science fiction writers.
26
00:04:26,723 --> 00:04:31,098
In October, 1957, the Soviets launched
Sputnik, and everything changed.
27
00:04:36,772 --> 00:04:38,627
Suddenly, going to the moon
was a possibility.
28
00:04:39,428 --> 00:04:41,436
The question was: How do you do it?
29
00:04:42,724 --> 00:04:44,350
Four months after Sputnik...
30
00:04:44,421 --> 00:04:48,960
Wernher Von Braun briefed the head
of the National Advisory Committee.
31
00:04:49,029 --> 00:04:51,451
He presented the two best options
for going to the moon.
32
00:04:51,525 --> 00:04:53,118
There are two methods.
33
00:04:53,189 --> 00:04:56,386
The first method we call Direct Ascent.
34
00:04:56,454 --> 00:04:59,487
You build an enormous rocket,
put a capsule on top.
35
00:04:59,557 --> 00:05:01,597
Boom, you go straight to the moon.
36
00:05:03,526 --> 00:05:05,861
The other method we call
Earth Orbit Rendezvous.
37
00:05:05,926 --> 00:05:07,813
Instead of using one huge rocket...
38
00:05:07,879 --> 00:05:10,846
we perform several launches
with somewhat smaller rockets...
39
00:05:10,918 --> 00:05:15,359
each carrying a component
of the spacecraft.
40
00:05:15,431 --> 00:05:18,595
We put the pieces together
in orbit...
41
00:05:19,783 --> 00:05:21,125
and off we go.
42
00:05:21,191 --> 00:05:24,934
These two methods- these are
the only ways of getting to moon?
43
00:05:25,768 --> 00:05:26,662
Yes.
44
00:05:26,728 --> 00:05:29,150
Actually, there were other ideas.
45
00:05:29,224 --> 00:05:32,355
So we started thinking:
"What can we do right now?"
46
00:05:32,424 --> 00:05:33,635
Then it hit us.
47
00:05:36,392 --> 00:05:37,985
The moon!
48
00:05:38,056 --> 00:05:42,115
You rendezvous
on the surface of the moon.
49
00:05:42,185 --> 00:05:43,592
The problem isn't getting
a man to the moon.
50
00:05:43,657 --> 00:05:44,835
- That's easy.
- It's not easy.
51
00:05:44,905 --> 00:05:46,367
- Relatively easy.
- Pretty easy.
52
00:05:46,441 --> 00:05:48,896
- The problem is getting him back.
- So we say-
53
00:05:48,969 --> 00:05:50,530
You send up some ships to the moon...
54
00:05:50,601 --> 00:05:53,417
with all the extra fuel
and supplies to get back.
55
00:05:53,482 --> 00:05:55,621
That way, when the astronauts arrive...
56
00:05:55,690 --> 00:05:58,886
everything they need to get home
is already there.
57
00:06:00,075 --> 00:06:02,017
We put a man on the moon
as soon as possible.
58
00:06:02,091 --> 00:06:03,498
Just get him there.
59
00:06:03,563 --> 00:06:07,720
- We can keep sending supply ships-
- Until we figure a way to get him back!
60
00:06:08,907 --> 00:06:10,730
Well, that's-
61
00:06:16,140 --> 00:06:18,628
No, I'm sorry, gentlemen.
62
00:06:18,700 --> 00:06:20,805
There is no way on God's green Earth...
63
00:06:20,876 --> 00:06:22,185
we would ever...
64
00:06:22,252 --> 00:06:24,489
ever do anything like that.
65
00:06:24,556 --> 00:06:26,149
I'm sorry.
66
00:06:31,885 --> 00:06:33,772
It looked like either
Earth Orbit Rendezvous...
67
00:06:33,837 --> 00:06:36,041
or Direct Ascent
would be the way to go.
68
00:06:36,110 --> 00:06:37,484
Either way we go...
69
00:06:37,549 --> 00:06:40,583
the spacecraft that lands on the moon
is going to look like that.
70
00:06:41,454 --> 00:06:43,876
Yes, just like that.
71
00:06:45,934 --> 00:06:47,396
It doesn't have
to look like this at all.
72
00:06:47,470 --> 00:06:49,609
At Chance Vought Industries in Texas...
73
00:06:49,678 --> 00:06:52,810
an engineer named Tom Dolan
hit upon an interesting idea.
74
00:06:52,879 --> 00:06:56,654
You ever hear of a Russian rocket guy
named Yuri Kondratyuk?
75
00:06:59,375 --> 00:07:02,572
In 1916 he realized something
we seem to have forgotten today.
76
00:07:02,639 --> 00:07:05,868
Gettin' to the moon
is going to be all about weight.
77
00:07:06,864 --> 00:07:10,574
Look at the size of this thing.
It's gotta be 60-70 feet tall.
78
00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:12,779
A couple of hundred tons at least.
79
00:07:12,848 --> 00:07:15,303
Do you really need to take all that
to the surface? No.
80
00:07:15,376 --> 00:07:17,448
Kondratyuk wondered-
81
00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:19,146
What I wonder is...
82
00:07:21,296 --> 00:07:23,686
what if you took along
a smaller vehicle-
83
00:07:23,760 --> 00:07:25,222
lightweight-
84
00:07:25,297 --> 00:07:28,428
that you just used to land?
85
00:07:29,777 --> 00:07:31,468
Somethin'...
86
00:07:32,657 --> 00:07:34,829
like this.
87
00:07:34,898 --> 00:07:37,069
But you could never reenter
the Earth's atmosphere in that.
88
00:07:37,138 --> 00:07:40,586
I know. You come back
on the spacecraft you took from Earth.
89
00:07:40,658 --> 00:07:44,652
But that means you'd have to have
a rendezvous in lunar orbit.
90
00:07:44,723 --> 00:07:46,381
Exactly.
91
00:07:46,450 --> 00:07:49,036
Von Braun calls his method
Earth Orbit Rendezvous.
92
00:07:49,107 --> 00:07:50,733
I call this Lunar Orbit Rendezvous.
93
00:07:50,803 --> 00:07:53,486
Tom, we don't even know if
rendezvous is possible in Earth orbit.
94
00:07:53,555 --> 00:07:55,082
And you wanna do it around the moon?
95
00:07:55,155 --> 00:07:58,352
Wouldn't that be kind of dangerous?
96
00:07:58,420 --> 00:08:00,787
I don't know.
97
00:08:00,851 --> 00:08:02,542
Would it?
98
00:08:02,612 --> 00:08:06,923
Well, Mr. Dolan, this is certainly
a very interesting idea.
99
00:08:06,996 --> 00:08:09,004
Why don't you let us think about it.
100
00:08:10,100 --> 00:08:11,562
I've prepared a report.
101
00:08:11,637 --> 00:08:14,484
I have everything I need right here.
102
00:08:14,548 --> 00:08:16,403
Thank you for your time.
103
00:08:19,638 --> 00:08:22,900
Chances are, Lunar Orbit Rendezvous
would have ended up...
104
00:08:22,966 --> 00:08:26,676
as nothing more than a footnote
in the history of space exploration...
105
00:08:26,742 --> 00:08:29,709
if a report on the idea hadn't landed
on the desk of a NASA engineer...
106
00:08:29,782 --> 00:08:32,565
by the name of John Houbolt.
107
00:08:32,631 --> 00:08:33,972
When he first started reading
the report...
108
00:08:34,039 --> 00:08:36,013
Houbolt had the same reaction
others did:
109
00:08:36,086 --> 00:08:39,884
Lunar Orbit Rendezvous seemed like
just another farfetched scheme.
110
00:08:39,959 --> 00:08:43,473
But the more he read,
the more the idea made sense.
111
00:08:43,544 --> 00:08:46,064
By the time John Houbolt
finished the report...
112
00:08:46,135 --> 00:08:48,437
he knew this was it.
113
00:08:48,503 --> 00:08:50,576
This was how you get to the moon.
114
00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:57,622
Now, over the past few weeks
I've prepared this report...
115
00:08:57,689 --> 00:08:59,477
on Lunar Orbit Rendezvous.
116
00:08:59,544 --> 00:09:01,071
I think you'll find it interesting.
117
00:09:02,425 --> 00:09:03,832
Look at Houbolt.
118
00:09:03,897 --> 00:09:07,410
He reads the report, and he's Moses,
come down from the mountain.
119
00:09:07,481 --> 00:09:09,391
- So he's a little enthusiastic.
- A little enthusiastic?
120
00:09:09,466 --> 00:09:13,044
He's makin' a fool of himself. You hear
what happened in the Heaton Committee?
121
00:09:13,113 --> 00:09:14,640
- Yeah.
- And he even wasn't allowed...
122
00:09:14,714 --> 00:09:16,656
into the technical conference.
123
00:09:16,730 --> 00:09:19,218
Well, he'll get the hint,
and he'll give it up.
124
00:09:20,250 --> 00:09:22,355
I hear he's going to write to Seamans.
125
00:09:22,426 --> 00:09:25,044
- He doesn't report to Seamans.
- I know.
126
00:09:25,114 --> 00:09:27,384
- He could get canned.
- I know.
127
00:09:30,331 --> 00:09:32,055
Dear Dr. Seamans:
128
00:09:32,123 --> 00:09:33,683
Somewhat as a voice
in the wilderness...
129
00:09:33,755 --> 00:09:35,763
I'd like to pass on
a few thoughts on matters...
130
00:09:35,835 --> 00:09:38,934
that have been of a deep concern to me
over the recent months.
131
00:09:39,003 --> 00:09:41,076
I have tried, on numerous occasions-
132
00:09:41,148 --> 00:09:45,621
"To draw attention throughout NASA to
the concept of Lunar Orbit Rendezvous.
133
00:09:45,692 --> 00:09:48,278
Regrettably there has been
little interest shown.
134
00:09:48,348 --> 00:09:50,934
Now, do we wanna get to the moon
or not?"
135
00:09:51,005 --> 00:09:53,077
Yes, sir. Right away, sir.
136
00:09:53,148 --> 00:09:55,385
It goes on like this
for another eight pages...
137
00:09:55,452 --> 00:09:58,387
Then there's a 40-page report.
Good Lord!
138
00:09:58,461 --> 00:10:01,178
I can make a call.
He won't do it again.
139
00:10:01,245 --> 00:10:03,995
Hold on. I'll tell you what.
Draft a reply.
140
00:10:04,061 --> 00:10:08,153
Say that his idea has merit and that
I'm going to send it along to Brainerd.
141
00:10:08,222 --> 00:10:12,314
And then see if this Mr. Houbolt
isn't due a vacation soon...
142
00:10:12,382 --> 00:10:14,902
because, Dear God, he needs one.
143
00:10:14,974 --> 00:10:17,691
"Somewhat as a voice in the wilderness."
144
00:10:20,478 --> 00:10:22,388
Does it have merit?
145
00:10:22,463 --> 00:10:24,602
Well, actually
it's an intriguing notion.
146
00:10:24,671 --> 00:10:28,283
It's a little risky,
but it could save a lot of weight.
147
00:10:28,351 --> 00:10:29,813
I don't think
there's a chance in hell...
148
00:10:29,887 --> 00:10:31,927
that Lunar Orbit Rendezvous
is the way we're gonna go...
149
00:10:31,999 --> 00:10:33,887
but it is interesting.
150
00:10:33,952 --> 00:10:35,545
I'll see you at 3:00.
151
00:10:36,704 --> 00:10:40,665
In july 1962, the idea that didn't have
a chance in hell of succeeding...
152
00:10:40,736 --> 00:10:41,946
succeeded.
153
00:10:42,016 --> 00:10:46,043
NASA selected Lunar Orbit Rendezvous
as the way to go to the moon.
154
00:10:46,113 --> 00:10:48,895
Now the question became:
"Who would build the lander?"
155
00:10:50,273 --> 00:10:51,583
My name is Tom Kelly.
156
00:10:51,649 --> 00:10:54,038
On the day after election day, 1962...
157
00:10:54,114 --> 00:10:56,001
I waited with the rest
of the Grumman lander team...
158
00:10:56,066 --> 00:10:59,164
for a call from my boss, Joe Gavin.
159
00:10:59,233 --> 00:11:03,195
Whoever's tapping the pencil,
if you value your life, please stop.
160
00:11:03,266 --> 00:11:04,640
Sorry.
161
00:11:10,338 --> 00:11:11,800
Any word?
162
00:11:11,875 --> 00:11:14,079
Yeah, Frank.
We got the contract.
163
00:11:14,147 --> 00:11:17,791
We're all just observing a moment of
silence for the companies that didn't.
164
00:11:25,124 --> 00:11:27,491
Look, this is crazy.
165
00:11:27,556 --> 00:11:29,923
I mean, this might not happen
for an hour or more.
166
00:11:29,988 --> 00:11:32,803
Let's go back to work,
and I'll let you know.
167
00:12:03,335 --> 00:12:04,709
Hi, Joe.
168
00:12:06,759 --> 00:12:08,450
We've been-
169
00:12:08,519 --> 00:12:10,526
I see.
170
00:12:16,072 --> 00:12:17,152
Thanks.
171
00:12:18,056 --> 00:12:19,430
Bye.
172
00:12:26,184 --> 00:12:30,789
I'm afraid you're gonna have to tell
your wives and kids the bad news.
173
00:12:33,449 --> 00:12:36,068
You won't be seeing much of them
for the next couple years...
174
00:12:36,138 --> 00:12:37,665
because we got the contract.
175
00:12:52,299 --> 00:12:53,925
You did it, Tom.
176
00:12:53,995 --> 00:12:56,777
No, I'm trying to hit the flashing.
177
00:12:56,843 --> 00:12:58,982
The contract. You did it.
178
00:12:59,051 --> 00:13:02,019
Oh, well, we did it.
We all did it.
179
00:13:04,524 --> 00:13:05,931
Quite a story, really.
180
00:13:05,996 --> 00:13:08,614
- "Local Long Island boy makes good."
- Yeah, yeah.
181
00:13:08,683 --> 00:13:10,953
"Local Long Island boy
convinces government...
182
00:13:11,020 --> 00:13:13,508
to give local Long Island company
half a billion dollars."
183
00:13:17,068 --> 00:13:19,403
But the rubber balls
you're gonna have to pay for yourself.
184
00:13:24,429 --> 00:13:28,226
You know, if weight wasn't a factor,
we'd have this thing done in a year.
185
00:13:28,301 --> 00:13:31,433
True enough. But weight's gonna be
the most important factor.
186
00:13:34,862 --> 00:13:38,157
If we could find some teeny-tiny
astronauts we'd be done in a month.
187
00:13:39,951 --> 00:13:42,056
They've given us seven years.
We might as well use 'em.
188
00:13:42,127 --> 00:13:43,982
Seven years.
189
00:13:44,047 --> 00:13:46,535
Well, let's get started.
190
00:13:49,615 --> 00:13:53,161
Okay, specs call for five legs.
I think four will be better.
191
00:13:53,231 --> 00:13:54,890
It'll be just as stable,
and we won't have to worry...
192
00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:57,349
about interference
with the thruster quads.
193
00:14:05,328 --> 00:14:07,335
Let's go with
an octagonal descent stage.
194
00:14:07,408 --> 00:14:10,605
A round one's gonna end up being
more trouble than it's worth.
195
00:14:19,505 --> 00:14:21,196
Bob, how much do these windows weigh?
196
00:14:22,609 --> 00:14:24,497
- I don't know. A couple ounces?
- Bob.
197
00:14:24,562 --> 00:14:25,969
- The real ones?
- Yeah.
198
00:14:26,034 --> 00:14:28,456
Five, six hundred pounds at least.
199
00:14:28,530 --> 00:14:30,286
- Really?
- Yeah.
200
00:14:33,074 --> 00:14:34,798
- Do we need 'em?
- Yeah, Tom.
201
00:14:34,867 --> 00:14:37,966
I think the astronauts
might wanna see where they're going.
202
00:14:38,035 --> 00:14:40,140
Do they need windows this big?
203
00:14:43,539 --> 00:14:45,906
No- Of course they do.
204
00:14:45,971 --> 00:14:48,110
Otherwise they wouldn't be able
to see from their seats.
205
00:14:57,013 --> 00:14:59,980
- What?
- What if they don't need seats?
206
00:15:01,909 --> 00:15:03,403
They have to have seats, John.
207
00:15:03,477 --> 00:15:06,379
Why? They can fly standing up.
208
00:15:06,453 --> 00:15:09,388
- Yes, but they have to land.
- In 1/6 gravity.
209
00:15:09,461 --> 00:15:11,850
And legs are great shock absorbers.
210
00:15:13,270 --> 00:15:15,823
If they were standing,
they'd be a lot closer to the window...
211
00:15:15,894 --> 00:15:17,454
which would increase their
field of view...
212
00:15:17,526 --> 00:15:21,269
which would mean we wouldn't need
such big windows in the first place.
213
00:15:21,334 --> 00:15:24,946
- What do you think?
- Well, I think it's interesting.
214
00:15:25,014 --> 00:15:26,956
But I don't really see it.
Sorry.
215
00:15:28,695 --> 00:15:30,124
Good try.
216
00:15:37,303 --> 00:15:40,402
Let's help him see it.
217
00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:51,662
What the heck is that?
218
00:15:52,729 --> 00:15:54,900
What we did instead of sleep.
219
00:16:06,874 --> 00:16:09,459
Well, John.
I can certainly see it now.
220
00:16:19,323 --> 00:16:22,323
Beautiful. I gotta call Joe Gavin
about the budget.
221
00:16:22,395 --> 00:16:24,370
One more thing: thermal shields.
222
00:16:24,443 --> 00:16:26,832
Costing us way too much weight
in the descent stage.
223
00:16:30,236 --> 00:16:32,724
You know, I don't think we need shields.
224
00:16:32,796 --> 00:16:36,145
Right, Frank. It's gonna be 250 degrees
in the sunlight...
225
00:16:36,220 --> 00:16:37,813
and minus 250 in the shade...
226
00:16:37,884 --> 00:16:39,706
but we don't need thermal shields.
227
00:16:39,772 --> 00:16:41,496
Sarcasm's really helpful, Jim.
228
00:16:41,564 --> 00:16:43,124
I just mean...
229
00:16:43,196 --> 00:16:46,971
maybe we can use something other than
the shielding that's been used before.
230
00:16:54,909 --> 00:16:56,436
It'll look kind of like that.
231
00:16:56,510 --> 00:16:58,397
Mylar film between layers of kapton...
232
00:16:58,462 --> 00:17:00,917
with an outer layer of nickel foil.
233
00:17:00,990 --> 00:17:02,648
How thin is the mylar?
234
00:17:02,718 --> 00:17:05,053
- 1/8,000 of an inch.
- Oh, well.
235
00:17:05,118 --> 00:17:07,125
As long as it's good and sturdy.
236
00:17:07,198 --> 00:17:09,402
We'll use a couple dozen layers
all around.
237
00:17:09,470 --> 00:17:11,478
More where we need it-
by the thrusters.
238
00:17:12,383 --> 00:17:13,758
It'll do the job.
239
00:17:16,351 --> 00:17:18,620
Okay, well, we'll see
how it goes in testing.
240
00:17:18,688 --> 00:17:20,695
Now, hatches.
241
00:17:20,768 --> 00:17:23,190
As it stands,
we have two docking hatches.
242
00:17:23,263 --> 00:17:24,954
We can't afford the weight.
243
00:17:25,023 --> 00:17:26,966
I've been on the phone
with Owen at NASA...
244
00:17:27,040 --> 00:17:29,342
and John Healey at North American,
and we all agree.
245
00:17:29,409 --> 00:17:31,743
We're gonna go with just
the one docking hatch up top...
246
00:17:31,808 --> 00:17:34,077
and use a forward hatch for egress.
247
00:17:34,145 --> 00:17:37,244
That means when they return they'll
have to rendezvous and dock blind.
248
00:17:37,313 --> 00:17:40,313
We're gonna put a window up top
so the pilot can look up as he docks.
249
00:17:40,385 --> 00:17:43,068
Another window?
How much is that gonna weigh?
250
00:17:43,137 --> 00:17:45,593
I don't know. It's gotta be less
than a second docking hatch, right?
251
00:17:47,361 --> 00:17:49,271
That will require the astronaut
flying the LEM...
252
00:17:49,346 --> 00:17:51,517
to make a 90-degree change in axis.
253
00:17:52,610 --> 00:17:55,577
Left roll becomes left yaw.
254
00:17:55,650 --> 00:17:57,243
- But left yaw becomes right roll-
- Arnold.
255
00:17:59,298 --> 00:18:02,560
Astronauts are smart.
They'll figure it out.
256
00:18:09,476 --> 00:18:11,647
Apparently we're not done
with the hatches.
257
00:18:11,715 --> 00:18:14,082
I just got off the phone
with Pete Conrad.
258
00:18:14,147 --> 00:18:17,661
Because of the square backpacks, we're
gonna have to put in a square hatch.
259
00:18:23,812 --> 00:18:28,068
Did you like Ed swingin' around
like Tarzan yesterday?
260
00:18:30,469 --> 00:18:32,989
Yeah. Rope ladder's not gonna fly.
261
00:18:33,061 --> 00:18:36,477
No. I'll call
the configuration control board.
262
00:18:36,550 --> 00:18:38,524
We can put some rungs
right on the forward leg.
263
00:18:43,046 --> 00:18:47,007
Okay, one more thing. It's no longer
the Lunar Excursion Module any more.
264
00:18:47,079 --> 00:18:51,072
Everybody feels that "excursion" sounds
like it's gonna go out on a school trip.
265
00:18:51,142 --> 00:18:53,630
From now on it's just the Lunar Module.
266
00:18:53,702 --> 00:18:55,808
I'm still gonna call it the LEM
for short.
267
00:18:55,879 --> 00:18:57,733
John, you do whatever makes you happy.
268
00:19:04,584 --> 00:19:05,794
Well?
269
00:19:06,856 --> 00:19:08,711
I guess we'd better
start building them.
270
00:19:20,137 --> 00:19:22,755
Let's make sure we film
everything we do.
271
00:19:24,201 --> 00:19:26,885
You wanna show NASA
where its 500 million is going?
272
00:19:26,953 --> 00:19:31,012
Yeah. I wanna show my kids
where I was while they were growing up.
273
00:19:44,523 --> 00:19:46,912
Every LEM would have to be handmade.
274
00:19:46,987 --> 00:19:49,671
There was no supplier
to order LEM parts from.
275
00:19:49,739 --> 00:19:53,001
And because everything on a LEM
was new, everything had to be tested...
276
00:19:53,068 --> 00:19:54,628
and tested again.
277
00:19:54,699 --> 00:19:57,252
The thrusters...
278
00:19:57,323 --> 00:20:00,553
the engines...
279
00:20:00,620 --> 00:20:02,376
the deployment of the landing gear.
280
00:20:03,916 --> 00:20:05,575
We had to know how a LEM would react...
281
00:20:05,645 --> 00:20:08,940
when exposed to intense sunlight
or when pelted with dust.
282
00:20:11,116 --> 00:20:16,616
We had to know how the landing gear
would perform coming down on a slope.
283
00:20:16,685 --> 00:20:18,922
Thousands of tests day after day...
284
00:20:18,990 --> 00:20:20,517
for years.
285
00:20:24,398 --> 00:20:25,959
Some of the tests went well.
286
00:20:28,430 --> 00:20:30,918
And some did not.
287
00:21:11,378 --> 00:21:12,905
Is this why the leg snapped?
288
00:21:16,274 --> 00:21:18,892
Apparently I made the initial
miscalculation a few months ago.
289
00:21:22,322 --> 00:21:24,210
Everything has been
based on that since then.
290
00:21:29,043 --> 00:21:30,287
I'm sorry.
291
00:21:36,852 --> 00:21:38,707
When did you find this out?
292
00:21:38,772 --> 00:21:40,299
Last night.
293
00:21:40,372 --> 00:21:42,543
After the test I decided
to go over my figures.
294
00:21:47,348 --> 00:21:49,171
I understand if you-
295
00:21:50,933 --> 00:21:52,143
You know.
296
00:21:54,005 --> 00:21:55,346
Go home.
297
00:22:01,141 --> 00:22:03,214
And get some rest.
298
00:22:03,286 --> 00:22:04,660
Look-
299
00:22:06,166 --> 00:22:08,403
Did you come to me right away
when you found out about this...
300
00:22:08,470 --> 00:22:10,609
or did you try to cover your ass?
301
00:22:10,678 --> 00:22:12,107
You did a good thing.
302
00:22:12,183 --> 00:22:15,118
Not this.
This is bad.
303
00:22:16,855 --> 00:22:20,630
But as long as people speak up
about their mistakes, we've got a shot.
304
00:22:23,159 --> 00:22:24,719
They try to sweep it under the rug...
305
00:22:24,791 --> 00:22:27,158
and we're not gonna go to New Jersey,
let alone the moon.
306
00:22:30,679 --> 00:22:31,956
Get some rest.
307
00:22:41,625 --> 00:22:44,527
Truth be told, we were behind schedule
from the beginning.
308
00:22:44,601 --> 00:22:47,635
But mistakes and miscalculations
were only a small part of it.
309
00:22:47,706 --> 00:22:51,830
The real problem is that
a LEM isn't one spacecraft but two.
310
00:22:51,898 --> 00:22:54,581
The lower half of the LEM-
the descent stage-
311
00:22:54,650 --> 00:22:58,392
contains the engine that astronauts
will use to control their landing.
312
00:22:58,458 --> 00:23:01,971
After the moonwalks, the descent stage
will serve as a launch platform...
313
00:23:02,042 --> 00:23:05,425
for the ascent stage-
the cockpit of the LEM-
314
00:23:05,498 --> 00:23:07,189
which the astronauts
will fly into lunar orbit...
315
00:23:07,259 --> 00:23:09,430
for their rendezvous
with the command module.
316
00:23:09,499 --> 00:23:12,760
Now, this particular ascent stage
belonged to LEM 3.
317
00:23:12,827 --> 00:23:16,405
LEM 1 and 2 were designed and built
for unmanned test flights.
318
00:23:17,339 --> 00:23:21,049
LEM 3 would be the first
to be flown in space by astronauts.
319
00:23:22,812 --> 00:23:24,536
We worked hand in hand
with the astronauts...
320
00:23:24,604 --> 00:23:26,676
from the beginning of LEM program.
321
00:23:28,636 --> 00:23:30,938
They showed us
what we were doing right...
322
00:23:32,349 --> 00:23:34,585
and what we were doing wrong.
323
00:23:35,997 --> 00:23:38,747
From early on much of their attention
was given to LEM 3.
324
00:23:38,813 --> 00:23:42,108
But it wasn't until
a day in November, 1966...
325
00:23:42,174 --> 00:23:45,589
that NASA decided which crew
would be the one to actually fly her.
326
00:23:46,014 --> 00:23:48,251
I just got off the phone
with Deke Slayton, gentlemen.
327
00:23:48,318 --> 00:23:51,701
The crew assigned to take
the LEM 3 into space...
328
00:23:51,774 --> 00:23:55,768
on the first manned flight
of a lunar module is as follows:
329
00:23:55,838 --> 00:23:58,107
Commander Jim McDivitt-
330
00:23:58,175 --> 00:24:01,208
a Gemini vet,
one of the best pilots in the program-
331
00:24:01,278 --> 00:24:03,734
command module pilot Dave Scott-
332
00:24:03,807 --> 00:24:05,116
another Gemini vet-
333
00:24:05,183 --> 00:24:07,866
and flying right beside McDivitt
as his L.M.P...
334
00:24:07,936 --> 00:24:10,303
Rusty Schweickart, a rookie.
335
00:24:10,368 --> 00:24:11,295
Now...
336
00:24:11,360 --> 00:24:13,498
any crew is a good crew.
337
00:24:13,567 --> 00:24:14,974
But these guys-
338
00:24:15,040 --> 00:24:17,145
Well, I think we're pretty fortunate...
339
00:24:17,216 --> 00:24:20,151
because, gentlemen,
this won't be an easy mission.
340
00:24:20,225 --> 00:24:22,974
We're off the lake, Jim.
Can we talk business now?
341
00:24:23,041 --> 00:24:25,529
Well, if you insist.
342
00:24:26,561 --> 00:24:28,732
I've been goin' over the mission plan...
343
00:24:28,801 --> 00:24:30,328
and it looks a little rough.
344
00:24:30,401 --> 00:24:33,914
- It is kind of ambitious, Jim.
- Heck, it's not ambitious.
345
00:24:33,985 --> 00:24:35,840
It's impossible.
346
00:24:36,865 --> 00:24:39,069
Look, everyone's focusing
on us flying the LEM.
347
00:24:39,138 --> 00:24:40,992
It's only a small part of it.
348
00:24:41,058 --> 00:24:43,196
Every mission's got a few things
that's never been done before.
349
00:24:43,266 --> 00:24:45,471
This one's got about ten:
350
00:24:45,539 --> 00:24:48,670
first manned launch of a LEM,
first docking extraction of a LEM...
351
00:24:48,738 --> 00:24:51,488
first men in a LEM in space.
352
00:24:51,555 --> 00:24:54,239
And we just go out
and fly the LEM, right?
353
00:24:54,307 --> 00:24:56,380
Wrong.
354
00:24:56,451 --> 00:24:59,266
Before we can even undock the LEM
from the command module...
355
00:24:59,332 --> 00:25:03,074
we gotta make sure we can do an
emergency transfer outside the craft.
356
00:25:03,139 --> 00:25:04,863
Which means, Rusty...
357
00:25:04,932 --> 00:25:09,242
you're gonna have to do an E.V.A. on the
PLSS backpack- the first use of that.
358
00:25:09,316 --> 00:25:12,033
Dave, we're gonna leave you alone
in the command module.
359
00:25:12,100 --> 00:25:14,402
First time that'll have happened.
360
00:25:14,468 --> 00:25:16,673
Then the real fun begins.
361
00:25:16,741 --> 00:25:18,813
First I pop the thruster,
see if the LEM can fly.
362
00:25:18,885 --> 00:25:23,293
If it can, Rusty and I fire the descent
engine, take her on its maiden voyage.
363
00:25:23,365 --> 00:25:25,470
We go out a hundred miles or so.
364
00:25:25,541 --> 00:25:29,317
God willing, the ascent engine lights-
first firing of that in space.
365
00:25:29,382 --> 00:25:30,975
Then Rusty and I head back to you...
366
00:25:31,046 --> 00:25:33,468
for the first docking of
a two-manned spacecraft.
367
00:25:36,614 --> 00:25:39,004
All right, so it's only nine things
that's never been done before.
368
00:25:41,703 --> 00:25:43,361
Give me a hand with the trailer.
369
00:25:45,863 --> 00:25:48,252
But you guys are right.
It's a lot for one mission.
370
00:25:48,327 --> 00:25:49,920
Maybe too much.
371
00:25:49,991 --> 00:25:53,123
If we get even half of it done
we can call it a success.
372
00:25:54,184 --> 00:25:56,038
I can't wait!
373
00:25:57,703 --> 00:26:00,421
While Scott went to Downey
to work on the command module...
374
00:26:00,488 --> 00:26:03,968
McDivitt and Schweickart
joined us on Long Island.
375
00:26:06,248 --> 00:26:08,485
So gentlemen, you wanna
go take the vehicle for a spin?
376
00:26:08,553 --> 00:26:10,560
- Gee, Dad. Can we?
- Sure.
377
00:26:10,633 --> 00:26:13,416
As long as you don't
bring her back empty.
378
00:26:15,465 --> 00:26:17,505
The hardest part of getting
the first LEMs to fly...
379
00:26:17,577 --> 00:26:21,472
was getting the thousands of systems
and subsystems to work together.
380
00:26:21,546 --> 00:26:23,783
Most of the time it was like having
a ballroom full of dancers...
381
00:26:23,850 --> 00:26:28,040
dancing different steps to music
that wasn't quite right for any of them.
382
00:26:35,371 --> 00:26:37,640
- Bring that T.L. up.
- Roger, T.C.
383
00:26:39,243 --> 00:26:42,309
And T.T.C.A. four jets down.
384
00:26:42,379 --> 00:26:44,354
Copy, T.C.
385
00:26:44,428 --> 00:26:46,730
T.T.C.A. four jets down.
386
00:26:51,308 --> 00:26:53,163
Well, that can't be good.
387
00:26:59,629 --> 00:27:01,516
Now let's cycle that one more time.
388
00:27:01,581 --> 00:27:03,304
Yep. Roger, T.C.
389
00:27:19,726 --> 00:27:23,207
You know, you look more and more
like Steve McQueen in The Great Escape.
390
00:27:23,279 --> 00:27:27,622
Funny you should say that. I got guys
digging a tunnel under the east fence.
391
00:27:27,694 --> 00:27:30,182
Should reach the trees by Sunday.
392
00:27:30,255 --> 00:27:31,979
Ready to start up again.
393
00:27:32,047 --> 00:27:34,120
We think we've got it.
394
00:27:35,152 --> 00:27:37,006
Let's do it.
395
00:27:49,873 --> 00:27:52,394
- T.F.I. telemetry cal off.
- Copy, T.C.
396
00:27:53,873 --> 00:27:56,426
- T.F.I. power off.
- Roger, T.C.
397
00:27:57,969 --> 00:28:00,457
- R&D A off.
- Copy that, T.C.
398
00:28:01,650 --> 00:28:04,684
Oh, God bless it!
Tom, what's up with the radar?
399
00:28:12,626 --> 00:28:14,219
Oh, hi, Lou.
400
00:28:15,250 --> 00:28:16,777
Yeah, I know-
401
00:28:21,267 --> 00:28:23,755
I know what we're up against.
402
00:28:23,828 --> 00:28:25,715
We will make the date.
403
00:28:25,779 --> 00:28:28,627
I need to know if we can make the date.
404
00:28:28,691 --> 00:28:32,336
If we can't, I'm gonna have to take some
cash and move to South America.
405
00:28:42,069 --> 00:28:43,760
Yep.
406
00:28:43,829 --> 00:28:46,218
- Arnie?
- Sure.
407
00:28:46,293 --> 00:28:48,333
- John?
- Yes, sir.
408
00:28:48,405 --> 00:28:51,340
The other John?
409
00:28:55,478 --> 00:28:57,779
Sorry, Tom.
410
00:28:57,846 --> 00:28:59,755
The cockpit's gonna take
another three weeks.
411
00:29:00,758 --> 00:29:03,214
We could use a few weeks ourselves.
412
00:29:03,287 --> 00:29:04,497
Us too.
413
00:29:04,566 --> 00:29:07,414
If we had it,
we could certainly use it.
414
00:29:07,479 --> 00:29:09,781
You know, Tom, I hear Bolivia...
415
00:29:09,847 --> 00:29:12,149
is really nice this time of year.
416
00:29:19,927 --> 00:29:22,578
You know, this is so bad
I can't even joke about it.
417
00:29:31,065 --> 00:29:33,814
Perhaps the main reason we were
behind schedule and over budget...
418
00:29:33,881 --> 00:29:36,815
was because budgets and schedules
are based on previous experience...
419
00:29:36,889 --> 00:29:38,548
with similar projects.
420
00:29:38,618 --> 00:29:42,579
We didn't know how much it'd cost to
build the LEMs or how long it'd take.
421
00:29:42,650 --> 00:29:45,268
All we really knew
was how much time we'd been given...
422
00:29:45,338 --> 00:29:47,313
and that was running out.
423
00:29:47,386 --> 00:29:50,168
LEM 3 was scheduled
to be launched in the fall of 1968.
424
00:29:50,234 --> 00:29:54,490
To make the launch, NASA needed delivery
sometime that spring.
425
00:29:54,554 --> 00:29:56,562
We were working as fast as we could-
24 hours a day...
426
00:29:56,635 --> 00:29:59,188
seven days a week,
and it wasn't enough.
427
00:29:59,259 --> 00:30:02,041
In june, 1968 it was decided...
428
00:30:02,107 --> 00:30:06,101
that we'd ship LEM 3 to NASA as she was
and finish the work at the Cape.
429
00:30:12,379 --> 00:30:14,616
You know, I don't know
what I'm so worked up about.
430
00:30:14,684 --> 00:30:17,019
I mean,
what's the worst that could happen?
431
00:30:17,084 --> 00:30:20,051
Well, we ship the LEM to NASA...
432
00:30:20,124 --> 00:30:22,263
we never get it to fly...
433
00:30:22,332 --> 00:30:23,925
the Russians beat us to the moon...
434
00:30:23,996 --> 00:30:27,859
and within ten years we're all living
under the iron thumb of Communism.
435
00:30:27,933 --> 00:30:30,301
Exactly.
436
00:30:34,942 --> 00:30:39,033
Hey, remember when seven years
seemed like a long time?
437
00:30:41,086 --> 00:30:44,435
Remember when this whole thing
was only gonna cost 500 million?
438
00:30:44,510 --> 00:30:47,707
You know, I can't even remember
when it was gonna cost a billion.
439
00:30:51,743 --> 00:30:54,012
Unfortunately, moving LEM 3
to the Cape...
440
00:30:54,079 --> 00:30:56,861
did little to ease
the pressure we were under.
441
00:30:56,927 --> 00:30:59,317
Tom, there's still at least
a hundred things wrong with it.
442
00:30:59,391 --> 00:31:02,425
- We'll get it fixed in time.
- No, you won't.
443
00:31:02,496 --> 00:31:07,286
There is no way in three months
that thing is gonna be ready to fly.
444
00:31:07,360 --> 00:31:09,531
Look, Jim, it's-
445
00:31:09,600 --> 00:31:11,640
It's a good machine.
446
00:31:11,712 --> 00:31:13,982
Just needs a little fine-tuning.
That's all.
447
00:31:14,049 --> 00:31:16,569
You don't have to whisper.
It can't hear you.
448
00:31:17,697 --> 00:31:20,283
Look, I want it to go up
as much as you do.
449
00:31:20,353 --> 00:31:21,880
I know we're running out of time.
450
00:31:21,953 --> 00:31:23,808
It's 18 months
to the end of the decade...
451
00:31:23,873 --> 00:31:26,295
and we still haven't had a single
manned Apollo flight.
452
00:31:26,369 --> 00:31:27,831
I know that.
453
00:31:27,906 --> 00:31:32,347
But that doesn't change the facts.
LEM 3 is not ready to fly.
454
00:31:32,418 --> 00:31:35,418
And it won't be any time soon.
455
00:31:35,491 --> 00:31:38,906
That's gonna have to be
my recommendation to headquarters.
456
00:31:44,771 --> 00:31:47,488
Now, with the LEM 3
not ready to fly...
457
00:31:47,555 --> 00:31:51,167
after Wally and the 7 crew
go up with the C.S.M. in October...
458
00:31:51,236 --> 00:31:54,618
that means there won't be another
Apollo flight until the spring, right?
459
00:31:54,692 --> 00:31:55,641
Right.
460
00:31:55,716 --> 00:31:57,920
Well, maybe not.
461
00:31:57,988 --> 00:32:00,508
George has come up with
a rather wild idea.
462
00:32:01,732 --> 00:32:03,358
How wild?
463
00:32:04,581 --> 00:32:06,555
Frank's mission is being scrubbed.
464
00:32:07,557 --> 00:32:11,551
We've created a new C-Prime mission
which will precede your mission.
465
00:32:12,869 --> 00:32:14,364
What's the mission?
466
00:32:15,654 --> 00:32:20,258
Well, we're gonna send the command
and service module- no lunar module-
467
00:32:22,118 --> 00:32:24,802
on a flight around the moon
in December.
468
00:32:28,231 --> 00:32:29,605
Really?
469
00:32:31,494 --> 00:32:32,923
What's Frank think?
470
00:32:34,375 --> 00:32:35,968
I haven't talked to Frank yet.
471
00:32:36,039 --> 00:32:38,406
I'm talking to you first.
472
00:32:39,912 --> 00:32:42,563
I don't want lose
your crew's experience with LEM 3.
473
00:32:43,463 --> 00:32:47,238
That's why we decided to send Frank
on this mission ahead of you.
474
00:32:47,303 --> 00:32:49,824
But I wanted to see
what you had to say about it...
475
00:32:49,896 --> 00:32:51,456
before I told Frank.
476
00:32:54,217 --> 00:32:56,770
I told him we'd stick
with the mission we got.
477
00:32:57,801 --> 00:32:59,175
Good.
478
00:33:00,201 --> 00:33:02,590
Going around the moon
sounds like a blast and all...
479
00:33:02,665 --> 00:33:04,705
but I really wanna fly the LEM.
480
00:33:04,778 --> 00:33:08,520
That's pretty much what Dave said.
I called him in Downey.
481
00:33:08,585 --> 00:33:11,553
He said he really wanted
to fly the command module solo-
482
00:33:11,626 --> 00:33:13,928
get us out of his hair
for a few hours.
483
00:33:17,963 --> 00:33:20,646
I don't know though.
Maybe we're making a mistake.
484
00:33:20,714 --> 00:33:24,838
Maybe we're missing out
on some historical voyage.
485
00:33:26,923 --> 00:33:28,995
I don't know, Jim. Maybe.
486
00:33:29,067 --> 00:33:31,304
But it sounds like
they're just gonna be sightseeing.
487
00:33:31,371 --> 00:33:34,667
With all the things we gotta do,
our mission's fun.
488
00:33:37,964 --> 00:33:39,874
Yeah, we got a great mission.
489
00:33:39,948 --> 00:33:41,858
Providing that thing will fly.
490
00:33:46,188 --> 00:33:49,800
In the fall of 1968
while work continued on LEM 3...
491
00:33:49,837 --> 00:33:52,139
the Apollo program
finally got off the ground.
492
00:33:52,205 --> 00:33:54,693
On October 11, just a few miles...
493
00:33:54,765 --> 00:33:56,358
from where LEM 3
was being fine-tuned...
494
00:33:56,429 --> 00:33:59,364
Apollo 7 was launched.
495
00:33:59,438 --> 00:34:02,340
Two months later, Frank Borman,
Jim Lovell and Bill Anders...
496
00:34:02,414 --> 00:34:04,869
took Apollo 8 on its
historic flight around the moon.
497
00:34:06,542 --> 00:34:10,186
All that time, LEM 3
was being worked on around the clock.
498
00:34:11,215 --> 00:34:14,793
By February 1969, George and the rest
of the Grumman crew...
499
00:34:14,863 --> 00:34:17,765
had tested every circuit
and tightened every bolt.
500
00:34:19,247 --> 00:34:21,102
LEM 3 was ready.
501
00:34:59,283 --> 00:35:01,836
- I like the call sign.
- Spider?
502
00:35:01,907 --> 00:35:03,336
It seemed appropriate.
503
00:35:03,411 --> 00:35:06,727
- How about the command module?
- Gumdrop.
504
00:35:06,803 --> 00:35:09,902
When it came from North American
it was all wrapped in blue plastic.
505
00:35:09,971 --> 00:35:12,011
It's sort of what it looked like.
506
00:35:12,083 --> 00:35:14,701
Maybe you should go up with us,
make sure everything's okay.
507
00:35:15,988 --> 00:35:18,705
I'd love to go up with you.
508
00:35:20,020 --> 00:35:21,678
She's ready.
509
00:35:22,708 --> 00:35:24,563
I know.
510
00:35:25,684 --> 00:35:28,684
- We'd better get back to the sim.
- Yep.
511
00:35:30,197 --> 00:35:32,750
- She's a beautiful machine, Tom.
- Isn't she?
512
00:35:32,821 --> 00:35:35,920
- You really think it's beautiful?
- It looks like a toaster oven with legs.
513
00:35:35,989 --> 00:35:37,899
But I'm not gonna tell him that.
514
00:35:40,950 --> 00:35:42,357
Hold on a minute, Bill.
515
00:35:42,422 --> 00:35:44,211
I gotta get him to the airport.
516
00:35:44,278 --> 00:35:48,304
Look, he spent the last seven years
of his life building that thing.
517
00:35:49,334 --> 00:35:51,636
Let's give him a moment to say good-bye.
518
00:35:52,791 --> 00:35:54,252
It stays up there, remember?
519
00:36:10,231 --> 00:36:12,566
Now as far as LEM 3 was concerned...
520
00:36:12,632 --> 00:36:14,388
that should have been it for me.
521
00:36:14,456 --> 00:36:18,548
I should have been able to sit back
SPAN room in Houston and watch the show.
522
00:36:20,056 --> 00:36:22,162
But in the early hours of launch day...
523
00:36:22,233 --> 00:36:26,456
the pressure in one of LEM 3's fuel
tanks was reading disturbingly high.
524
00:36:36,122 --> 00:36:38,326
It's the helium tank?
525
00:36:38,394 --> 00:36:41,809
Actually, sir,
the super critical helium.
526
00:36:41,882 --> 00:36:44,665
- How's it reading now?
- Still on the edge.
527
00:36:45,691 --> 00:36:47,927
Meaning?
528
00:36:47,995 --> 00:36:51,573
Meaning we'd like to be down the middle
of the tolerance band, but we're not.
529
00:36:51,643 --> 00:36:53,334
Give me the worst case.
530
00:36:54,875 --> 00:36:58,258
When the LEM heads away from the command
module and they're throttling up...
531
00:36:58,332 --> 00:37:00,950
the tank could over-pressurize
and the burst disk could blow.
532
00:37:01,019 --> 00:37:03,670
We would lose the helium
on the descent stage.
533
00:37:03,739 --> 00:37:07,089
Now, they would not be stranded.
They'd still have the ascent engine.
534
00:37:07,164 --> 00:37:09,750
But it would kill the mission.
535
00:37:13,917 --> 00:37:16,405
Tom, I'll need the official
Grumman position on this.
536
00:37:19,517 --> 00:37:21,524
We're still within the limits.
537
00:37:22,653 --> 00:37:24,476
It'll fly.
538
00:37:27,166 --> 00:37:29,337
In the last few minutes before launch...
539
00:37:29,406 --> 00:37:33,116
I managed to put the tank pressure
problem out of my mind for a moment.
540
00:37:34,110 --> 00:37:37,688
I tried to imagine what it was like
in LEM 3 just then.
541
00:37:37,758 --> 00:37:41,436
Astronauts have said that sitting in
the command module during a countdown...
542
00:37:41,503 --> 00:37:43,958
can be almost peaceful.
543
00:37:44,031 --> 00:37:47,893
Must have been even more peaceful
in LEM 3. At least until-
544
00:37:57,664 --> 00:37:59,606
For the next ten minutes
it must have been...
545
00:37:59,680 --> 00:38:02,462
like LEM 3 was stuck
in a paint mixer in a hardware store.
546
00:38:03,424 --> 00:38:07,931
And when it must have seemed
the shaking would never stop, it did.
547
00:38:25,443 --> 00:38:27,330
On the second day of the mission...
548
00:38:27,394 --> 00:38:30,297
Rusty became the first person
to enter a LEM in space.
549
00:39:31,847 --> 00:39:35,590
Later that day, shortly after Rusty
and Jim extended the landing gear...
550
00:39:35,656 --> 00:39:38,144
something happened which brought
the mission to a grinding halt.
551
00:39:38,216 --> 00:39:41,063
Okay, I got gear
out in front of me now.
552
00:39:41,128 --> 00:39:44,511
Okay, landing gear deploy, safe?
553
00:39:45,608 --> 00:39:47,103
Roger, safe.
554
00:39:47,177 --> 00:39:48,999
Sequence camera, off.
555
00:39:49,897 --> 00:39:52,744
G.E.T. is 45-1-1-3-5.
556
00:39:52,809 --> 00:39:54,435
D.F.I. telemetry cal off.
557
00:39:54,505 --> 00:39:57,058
D.F.I. power, off.
558
00:39:58,089 --> 00:40:00,195
D.F.I., off.
559
00:40:00,266 --> 00:40:03,135
- R&D A, off.
- D.F.I. power, off.
560
00:40:03,210 --> 00:40:05,349
R&D instrumentation A, off.
561
00:40:11,307 --> 00:40:12,834
R&D instrumentation A, off.
562
00:40:26,380 --> 00:40:27,590
Okay, Deke.
563
00:40:27,660 --> 00:40:31,457
I'm gonna have to recommend
we scrub the E.V.A. tomorrow.
564
00:40:31,532 --> 00:40:33,769
We got you, Jim.
565
00:40:33,837 --> 00:40:37,546
Jim, if Rusty doesn't do the E.V.A.-
566
00:40:39,564 --> 00:40:42,085
I understand the ramifications, Dave.
567
00:40:44,141 --> 00:40:46,508
I just don't think it's safe
for you to do it.
568
00:40:46,574 --> 00:40:48,483
I don't think we can put you
in a pressurized suit...
569
00:40:48,557 --> 00:40:51,557
if it looks like you're gonna throw up.
570
00:40:51,630 --> 00:40:53,157
We'll proceed with
the checklist tomorrow.
571
00:40:53,230 --> 00:40:57,005
We'll check out as many systems
as we can without undocking.
572
00:40:58,030 --> 00:41:00,583
It's just gonna have to be it.
573
00:41:00,654 --> 00:41:03,819
If Rusty were to throw up in a suit,
he'd likely asphyxiate and die...
574
00:41:03,887 --> 00:41:07,018
before Jim could get him
back into the LEM and repressurize.
575
00:41:07,087 --> 00:41:08,942
But if Rusty didn't test the backpack...
576
00:41:09,007 --> 00:41:11,463
the LEM couldn't undock
from the command module.
577
00:41:11,536 --> 00:41:14,569
When Jim cancelled the E.V.A.
we all understood...
578
00:41:14,639 --> 00:41:17,061
but we were devastated.
579
00:41:17,103 --> 00:41:18,510
LEM 3 would not fly.
580
00:41:28,176 --> 00:41:30,380
The next day, as Rusty and Jim
went through their checklist...
581
00:41:30,448 --> 00:41:32,423
the mood around NASA was pretty grim.
582
00:41:39,697 --> 00:41:42,185
The mood lifted a little when one of
Jim's air-to-ground transmissions...
583
00:41:42,258 --> 00:41:44,975
made everyone smile.
584
00:41:45,041 --> 00:41:47,595
- Well, almost everyone.
- Houston, this is Apollo 9.
585
00:41:47,666 --> 00:41:49,489
Go ahead, Apollo 9.
586
00:41:49,554 --> 00:41:53,132
Houston, if some of our friends
from Grumman are listening in...
587
00:41:53,203 --> 00:41:55,920
I suggest on the next LEM they give
an extra go with a vacuum cleaner.
588
00:41:55,987 --> 00:41:58,442
We got a few odds and ends
floating around in here.
589
00:41:59,475 --> 00:42:02,345
Roger, Apollo 9. We'll pass that along.
590
00:42:02,420 --> 00:42:05,355
Oh, well. In a few minutes,
even I would be smiling.
591
00:42:07,828 --> 00:42:09,683
You look like you're feeling better.
592
00:42:11,380 --> 00:42:13,071
I am. I feel good.
593
00:42:14,197 --> 00:42:15,538
How good?
594
00:42:17,108 --> 00:42:18,319
Real good.
595
00:42:19,349 --> 00:42:20,975
Then what do you say you go outside?
596
00:42:22,996 --> 00:42:24,851
I think that's a good idea.
597
00:42:27,157 --> 00:42:29,776
- Yeah, Gumdrop, this is Spider.
- Roger, Spider.
598
00:42:29,846 --> 00:42:34,319
Yeah, Dave. Rusty's feeling
a lot better, and he looks better too.
599
00:42:34,390 --> 00:42:37,390
I thought maybe he should go out
on the porch and get some fresh air.
600
00:42:38,422 --> 00:42:41,389
Hey, man! I like the sound of that.
601
00:42:47,543 --> 00:42:50,413
For 45 minutes
every available camera on Apollo 9...
602
00:42:50,487 --> 00:42:53,836
was put to use filming the first two-man
space walk in history.
603
00:42:55,576 --> 00:42:57,845
While Rusty stood
on LEM 3's porch...
604
00:42:57,911 --> 00:42:59,984
Dave stood in the open hatch
of the command module...
605
00:43:00,056 --> 00:43:02,925
to film Rusty's test of the backpack.
606
00:43:12,281 --> 00:43:14,736
When one of Dave's cameras broke...
607
00:43:14,809 --> 00:43:17,624
he went back inside to fix it.
608
00:43:20,345 --> 00:43:24,884
That gave Rusty something
unheard of on an E.V.A.: free time.
609
00:43:25,849 --> 00:43:31,065
For three minutes there was nothing
for him to do but look at the Earth.
610
00:43:59,868 --> 00:44:01,592
With the backpack tested...
611
00:44:01,661 --> 00:44:04,596
it was time to see
if LEM 3 could fly.
612
00:44:26,271 --> 00:44:28,278
That's a nice-looking machine.
613
00:44:29,374 --> 00:44:32,506
It's not like an F-86,
I'll tell you that.
614
00:44:32,575 --> 00:44:35,575
It's an ungainly beast.
615
00:44:35,647 --> 00:44:37,502
But it really flies.
616
00:44:58,497 --> 00:44:59,707
Houston, Spider.
617
00:44:59,777 --> 00:45:02,199
We are preparing to throttle up
the descent engine.
618
00:45:02,273 --> 00:45:03,899
Roger, Spider.
619
00:45:03,970 --> 00:45:07,614
Then it was time to see if the decision
I had made just before the launch...
620
00:45:07,681 --> 00:45:09,438
was the right one.
621
00:45:15,395 --> 00:45:17,250
The tank'll be fine.
622
00:45:17,315 --> 00:45:19,170
It'll hold.
623
00:45:23,299 --> 00:45:25,154
Throttle to 20 percent.
624
00:45:31,875 --> 00:45:33,250
It's a little rough.
625
00:45:34,788 --> 00:45:38,498
Yeah, wasn't it?
I think we swallowed a little helium.
626
00:45:38,564 --> 00:45:40,899
Yeah, let's try it again.
627
00:45:42,917 --> 00:45:45,950
Throttle to 40 percent.
628
00:45:50,789 --> 00:45:53,244
Houston, Spider.
629
00:45:53,317 --> 00:45:55,619
Everything looks good here.
630
00:45:55,685 --> 00:45:57,540
It was a good burn.
631
00:46:05,927 --> 00:46:07,967
Hey, keep track of us,
will you, Davey?
632
00:46:08,039 --> 00:46:10,373
Roger that. See you in a while.
633
00:46:11,398 --> 00:46:15,654
Jim and Rusty took LEM 3 out
110 miles from the command module.
634
00:46:15,719 --> 00:46:19,200
To get back to Dave they had
to separate from the descent stage...
635
00:46:19,271 --> 00:46:21,158
then fire the ascent engine.
636
00:46:28,616 --> 00:46:30,624
Thirteen feet per second.
637
00:46:30,696 --> 00:46:34,176
Nine feet per second.
I have the interconnects.
638
00:46:34,248 --> 00:46:36,452
Five, four, three...
639
00:46:36,521 --> 00:46:39,488
two, one, we have shutdown.
640
00:46:39,561 --> 00:46:41,568
Roger. We have a good burn.
No residuals.
641
00:46:44,809 --> 00:46:47,592
And there goes half our spacecraft.
642
00:47:09,323 --> 00:47:11,690
A short time later...
643
00:47:11,756 --> 00:47:13,927
LEM 3 redocked
with the command module.
644
00:47:15,884 --> 00:47:17,258
Her mission was over.
645
00:47:19,084 --> 00:47:21,954
That's a song I haven't heard
in a long time.
646
00:47:30,253 --> 00:47:32,261
- You all set, Rusty?
- Yeah, Jim.
647
00:47:32,333 --> 00:47:34,537
All right.
I'll see you up at C.S.M.
648
00:47:35,566 --> 00:47:39,461
I don't suppose they're gonna let
anybody back up they think'll get sick.
649
00:47:43,053 --> 00:47:45,225
I don't know, Rusty.
650
00:47:48,910 --> 00:47:51,015
I'll tell ya...
651
00:47:51,086 --> 00:47:55,821
those few minutes I had outside
while Dave was working on the camera-
652
00:47:58,703 --> 00:48:00,427
That was somethin' special.
653
00:48:03,439 --> 00:48:05,545
I just wanted to say thanks.
654
00:48:05,616 --> 00:48:09,194
The only reason it was even a question
is I didn't want you to kill yourself.
655
00:48:10,704 --> 00:48:12,526
And I'll try not to
for the rest of the mission.
656
00:48:12,592 --> 00:48:15,375
All right. I'll see you inside.
657
00:48:17,168 --> 00:48:18,510
Yep.
658
00:48:40,691 --> 00:48:43,309
LEM 3 would fly one last time...
659
00:48:43,379 --> 00:48:45,234
but this time she would fly alone.
660
00:48:48,883 --> 00:48:51,786
Okay, the tunnel's closed out,
the pyros are armed.
661
00:48:52,820 --> 00:48:54,674
We're all set.
662
00:49:00,308 --> 00:49:02,163
All right.
663
00:49:06,676 --> 00:49:08,083
So long, Spider.
664
00:49:16,982 --> 00:49:18,989
Hope I didn't leave anything in there.
665
00:49:20,373 --> 00:49:24,115
When I first saw the LEM I thought,
"You gotta be kiddin".
666
00:49:24,182 --> 00:49:26,004
But it kind of grows on you.
667
00:49:27,830 --> 00:49:31,311
It really is a beautiful machine.
668
00:49:31,383 --> 00:49:34,001
Listen to me.
I sound like Tom Kelly.
669
00:49:37,591 --> 00:49:40,625
But you guys are right.
It's a lot for one mission.
670
00:49:40,695 --> 00:49:42,156
Maybe too much.
671
00:49:43,447 --> 00:49:46,481
If we get even half of it done
we can call it a success.
672
00:49:49,592 --> 00:49:51,414
I can't wait.!
673
00:49:54,712 --> 00:49:58,990
Apollo 9 had shown that a LEM could fly.
At least in Earth orbit.
674
00:50:00,281 --> 00:50:03,096
Two months later on Apollo 10,
Tom Stafford and Gene Cernan...
675
00:50:03,161 --> 00:50:07,187
took LEM 4 down to within 50,000 feet
of the lunar surface.
676
00:50:07,257 --> 00:50:11,033
Look at that. There's enough boulders
to fill up Galveston Bay.!
677
00:50:12,058 --> 00:50:16,793
Houston, we is goin,
and we is down among 'em, Charlie!
678
00:50:17,946 --> 00:50:21,110
Now only one question
about the LEM remains.
679
00:50:21,178 --> 00:50:22,739
The biggest question of all.
680
00:50:22,811 --> 00:50:25,429
And it will be up to the next LEM
to answer it.
681
00:50:29,339 --> 00:50:32,187
When I said good-bye to LEM 3,
I felt like a proud parent...
682
00:50:32,251 --> 00:50:34,640
watching a child go off to college.
683
00:50:37,372 --> 00:50:40,667
As I say good-bye to this LEM, I feel
like a parent of centuries past...
684
00:50:40,732 --> 00:50:43,994
saying farewell as his child embarks
for the New World.
685
00:50:45,500 --> 00:50:48,599
To some people, that might
sound like I'm stretching the point.
686
00:50:48,668 --> 00:50:50,676
A LEM is not a child,
it's a machine...
687
00:50:50,749 --> 00:50:53,116
and a machine doesn't have a soul.
688
00:50:53,181 --> 00:50:55,669
We may yell at our toasters
and name our cars...
689
00:50:55,741 --> 00:50:58,610
but in the end even a LEM
is just a collection of wires...
690
00:50:58,685 --> 00:51:01,468
and circuits and nuts and bolts.
691
00:51:01,533 --> 00:51:05,461
I don't know.
I think each LEM does have a soul.
692
00:51:05,533 --> 00:51:07,989
It's a soul of all the people
who built her...
693
00:51:08,062 --> 00:51:09,622
designed her...
694
00:51:09,694 --> 00:51:11,418
first dreamed of her.
695
00:51:12,606 --> 00:51:15,573
- What number is this one?
- This one is LEM 5.
696
00:51:18,143 --> 00:51:21,591
- Thank you for inviting us here today.
- You're welcome, Mr. Houbolt.
697
00:51:21,663 --> 00:51:24,565
Without you guys there might not be
anybody here today.
698
00:51:24,639 --> 00:51:27,770
- Someone would have thought of it.
- Maybe.
699
00:51:27,840 --> 00:51:31,156
And this is the actual machine
that's gonna land on the moon?
700
00:51:31,232 --> 00:51:33,119
Yep.
701
00:51:33,184 --> 00:51:36,283
- What are they calling this one?
- This one-
702
00:51:36,352 --> 00:51:38,719
This one is the Eagle.
55403
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