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00:00:53,264 --> 00:00:57,146
I pity a country that
would come up against us.
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00:00:57,146 --> 00:01:00,244
The synergy with air,
land, and sea forces
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00:01:00,244 --> 00:01:03,399
and our ability to
control the battle space
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00:01:03,399 --> 00:01:06,391
and seize the high
ground is devastating.
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00:01:06,391 --> 00:01:09,468
All countries respect the
power of the United States
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00:01:09,468 --> 00:01:12,331
and they respect how dominant
we are in this region.
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00:01:12,331 --> 00:01:15,664
And we get better
and better and better.
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Tonight to ten,
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a rare glimpse of China's
ambitious expansion
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00:01:35,874 --> 00:01:38,729
in one of the world's
most contested regions.
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00:01:38,729 --> 00:01:40,597
We report from
the South China Sea,
12
00:01:40,597 --> 00:01:42,498
where the Chinese
are warning off anyone
13
00:01:42,498 --> 00:01:45,782
who comes too close to
their building program.
14
00:01:45,782 --> 00:01:46,999
We continue our look
this morning
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00:01:46,999 --> 00:01:49,333
at what China does not
want you to see.
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00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:50,999
The United States says
the superpower
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00:01:50,999 --> 00:01:54,013
is reclaiming land
in the South China Sea.
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00:01:54,013 --> 00:01:56,333
The fact that we're dealing
with a situation right now
19
00:01:56,333 --> 00:01:59,888
where we, the US, has to
be much more aggressive
20
00:01:59,888 --> 00:02:01,444
in dealing with
the Chinese government.
21
00:02:01,444 --> 00:02:02,711
CNN has learned
that the US Navy
22
00:02:02,711 --> 00:02:04,543
is about to send
a destroyer there.
23
00:02:04,543 --> 00:02:06,463
Let's go to our CNN chief…
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00:02:06,463 --> 00:02:08,649
CNN got
exclusive access to classified
25
00:02:08,649 --> 00:02:12,827
US surveillance flights
over the islands.
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00:02:12,827 --> 00:02:16,469
The threat of China is
becoming big news.
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00:02:16,469 --> 00:02:19,375
The media is beating
the drums of war
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00:02:19,375 --> 00:02:22,690
as the world is being
primed to regard China
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00:02:22,690 --> 00:02:24,666
as a new enemy.
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00:02:24,666 --> 00:02:25,925
China's alarming creation of
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00:02:25,925 --> 00:02:28,853
entirely new territory
in the South China Sea
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00:02:28,853 --> 00:02:31,123
is one part of a broader
military push
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00:02:31,123 --> 00:02:35,649
that some fear is to challenge
US dominance in the region.
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00:02:35,649 --> 00:02:37,494
China
is building airstrips
35
00:02:37,494 --> 00:02:41,243
in the South China Sea
on disputed islands
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00:02:41,243 --> 00:02:44,991
condemned by
an international tribunal.
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00:02:44,991 --> 00:02:47,483
This is now a flashpoint for war
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00:02:47,483 --> 00:02:50,650
between China and America.
39
00:02:51,840 --> 00:02:56,007
What is not news is that
China itself is under threat.
40
00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:00,618
These American bases
form a giant noose,
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00:03:00,618 --> 00:03:05,555
encircling China with
missiles, bombers, warships.
42
00:03:05,665 --> 00:03:08,872
All the way from Australia
through the Pacific,
43
00:03:08,872 --> 00:03:11,999
to Asia, and beyond.
44
00:03:12,435 --> 00:03:15,111
If you were in Beijing
looking out,
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00:03:15,111 --> 00:03:17,222
you stood on the tallest
building in Beijing
46
00:03:17,222 --> 00:03:18,999
and looked out
at the Pacific Ocean,
47
00:03:18,999 --> 00:03:21,666
you'd see American warships.
48
00:03:21,666 --> 00:03:23,333
You'd see Guam is about to sink
49
00:03:23,333 --> 00:03:26,222
because there's so many
missiles pointed at China.
50
00:03:26,222 --> 00:03:27,666
You'd look up at Korea and see
51
00:03:27,666 --> 00:03:30,111
American armaments
pointing at China.
52
00:03:30,111 --> 00:03:33,888
You'd see Japan,
which is basically,
53
00:03:33,888 --> 00:03:36,777
Japan's a glove
over the American fist.
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00:03:36,777 --> 00:03:39,999
I think if I was Chinese, I'd
have a little to worry about
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00:03:39,999 --> 00:03:42,129
about American aggressiveness.
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00:03:42,129 --> 00:03:44,264
And we have China surrounded
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00:03:44,264 --> 00:03:46,495
and we're doing more
all the time to try and
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00:03:46,495 --> 00:03:50,662
keep it surrounded and deepen
that containment of China.
59
00:03:51,625 --> 00:03:53,643
But China presents
a fascinating case
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00:03:53,643 --> 00:03:55,797
of a country that is independent,
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00:03:55,797 --> 00:03:59,495
doesn't have foreign
bases on its territory,
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00:03:59,495 --> 00:04:00,527
growing very rapidly,
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00:04:00,527 --> 00:04:03,406
not as rapidly now
as it did for 30 years,
64
00:04:03,406 --> 00:04:07,220
but still the second-ranking
economy in the world.
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00:04:07,220 --> 00:04:08,982
We have an adversary
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00:04:08,982 --> 00:04:12,318
and that adversary is
China and that adversary,
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00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:15,567
unless there is dramatic
reform inside China,
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00:04:15,567 --> 00:04:18,652
will be our enemy someday.
69
00:04:18,652 --> 00:04:23,247
One myth I think really
that needs to be dispelled
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00:04:23,247 --> 00:04:27,418
is that somehow China's
aiming to replace America
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00:04:27,418 --> 00:04:31,686
and gonna run the world.
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00:04:31,686 --> 00:04:34,070
First of all, the Chinese
are not that stupid.
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00:04:34,070 --> 00:04:39,769
The West,
with its Christian roots,
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00:04:39,769 --> 00:04:44,777
are about converting other
people into their beliefs.
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00:04:45,637 --> 00:04:48,052
The Chinese are not about that.
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00:04:48,052 --> 00:04:51,393
Again, I'm not degrading
the Western culture.
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00:04:51,393 --> 00:04:53,645
I'm just pointing out
the inherent nature,
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00:04:53,645 --> 00:04:55,787
the DNA's of
two different cultures.
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00:04:55,787 --> 00:04:59,405
The Chinese 2000 years
ago built the Great Wall
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00:04:59,405 --> 00:05:02,600
to keep the barbarians out,
not to invade them.
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00:05:04,418 --> 00:05:06,444
As the world's economic power
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00:05:06,444 --> 00:05:10,888
moves rapidly to Asia,
the response of the Untied States
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00:05:10,888 --> 00:05:15,777
is to deploy the majority
of its naval forces to Asia
84
00:05:15,777 --> 00:05:17,377
and the Pacific.
85
00:05:17,377 --> 00:05:21,804
This massive military buildup
is known in Washington as
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00:05:21,804 --> 00:05:23,888
the "Pivot to Asia."
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00:05:24,380 --> 00:05:26,555
The target is China.
88
00:05:29,776 --> 00:05:32,960
The great power game
in the 21st century
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00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:34,960
is called perpetual war.
90
00:05:37,749 --> 00:05:41,106
For America's unchallenged
arms industry,
91
00:05:41,106 --> 00:05:44,308
the annual prize is huge profits
92
00:05:44,308 --> 00:05:48,475
from almost 600 billion
dollars of military spending.
93
00:05:51,284 --> 00:05:54,038
Once an imaginary weapon
on Star Wars,
94
00:05:54,038 --> 00:05:56,879
the electromagnetic gun
is now reality.
95
00:05:56,879 --> 00:05:58,555
You're sitting here
thinking about these
96
00:05:58,555 --> 00:06:00,999
next-generation
and futuristic ideas
97
00:06:00,999 --> 00:06:03,888
and we've got scientists
who have designed these
98
00:06:03,888 --> 00:06:05,515
and it's coming to life.
99
00:06:06,854 --> 00:06:11,383
And the smartest weapons
need enemies.
100
00:06:11,383 --> 00:06:13,666
As a Pacific nation,
the United States
101
00:06:13,666 --> 00:06:16,555
will play a larger
and long-term role
102
00:06:16,555 --> 00:06:18,999
in shaping this region
and its future.
103
00:06:18,999 --> 00:06:20,666
I have directed
my national security team
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00:06:20,666 --> 00:06:23,999
to make our presence and
mission in the Asian-Pacific
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00:06:23,999 --> 00:06:25,333
a top priority.
106
00:06:26,061 --> 00:06:30,425
In one sense, is the US
already at war with China?
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00:06:30,425 --> 00:06:31,560
Yes.
108
00:06:31,560 --> 00:06:33,590
On the ground and in the air.
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00:06:33,590 --> 00:06:37,283
The winner of the Nobel Peace
Prize, President Barack Obama,
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00:06:37,283 --> 00:06:39,348
has committed to trillions
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00:06:39,348 --> 00:06:42,976
of dollars to our nuclear arsenal.
112
00:06:42,976 --> 00:06:46,192
He's committing trillions
of future dollars
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00:06:46,192 --> 00:06:50,268
to war in space and we need
an enemy for all this money
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00:06:50,268 --> 00:06:52,768
and China's the perfect enemy.
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00:06:57,927 --> 00:07:01,986
The aim of this film
is to break a silence.
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00:07:01,986 --> 00:07:05,910
The United States and China
may well be on a path to war
117
00:07:05,910 --> 00:07:09,711
and nuclear war is
no longer unthinkable.
118
00:07:09,711 --> 00:07:11,947
In a few years, China
has become the world's
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00:07:11,947 --> 00:07:14,949
second biggest economic power.
120
00:07:14,949 --> 00:07:17,988
The United States is the
world's biggest military power,
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00:07:17,988 --> 00:07:20,572
with bases and missiles and ships
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00:07:20,572 --> 00:07:23,917
covering every continent,
every ocean.
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00:07:23,917 --> 00:07:27,284
China is a threat to this
dominance, says Washington,
124
00:07:27,284 --> 00:07:29,627
but who is the threat?
125
00:07:29,627 --> 00:07:33,945
This film is about shifting
power and great danger.
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00:07:33,945 --> 00:07:36,399
It's also a film
about the human spirit
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00:07:36,399 --> 00:07:40,242
and the rise of an extraordinary
resistance among people
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00:07:40,242 --> 00:07:42,272
on the front line
of a coming war
129
00:07:42,272 --> 00:07:46,052
where the words "never again"
have an urgent meaning
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00:07:46,052 --> 00:07:47,998
for all of us.
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00:07:56,333 --> 00:07:57,990
This is Bikini,
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00:07:57,990 --> 00:08:01,179
the rim of an ancient
underwater volcano
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00:08:01,179 --> 00:08:03,603
in the Marshall Islands.
134
00:08:03,603 --> 00:08:06,664
With its necklace of 23 islands,
135
00:08:06,664 --> 00:08:11,831
Bikini is a place of beauty
and silence and menace.
136
00:08:15,924 --> 00:08:18,596
Look closely where
the Emerald Lagoon
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00:08:18,596 --> 00:08:22,412
suddenly falls
into a vast black hole.
138
00:08:22,412 --> 00:08:23,888
This is the crater of one of
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00:08:23,888 --> 00:08:26,675
the greatest man-made explosions,
140
00:08:26,675 --> 00:08:29,999
the hydrogen bomb
they call Bravo.
141
00:08:30,576 --> 00:08:33,132
It vaporized an entire island
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00:08:33,132 --> 00:08:37,282
and poisoned almost
everything and everyone.
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00:08:37,282 --> 00:08:42,999
As our plane flew low, we seemed
to touch its deathly void.
144
00:08:55,932 --> 00:08:59,832
The Marshall Islands lie
in the vast Pacific Ocean
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00:08:59,832 --> 00:09:02,940
between
the United States and Asia.
146
00:09:02,940 --> 00:09:06,292
Captured from the Japanese
in World War Two,
147
00:09:06,292 --> 00:09:09,582
they've long been
America's strategic secret,
148
00:09:09,582 --> 00:09:13,749
it's stepping stone
to Asia and China.
149
00:09:19,520 --> 00:09:24,197
People here sustain themselves
for thousands of years
150
00:09:24,197 --> 00:09:28,444
with abundant fish,
breadfruit, and coconuts.
151
00:09:31,678 --> 00:09:35,845
They were skilled navigators
who sailed by the stars.
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00:09:37,178 --> 00:09:40,178
Westerners might
call this paradise.
153
00:10:02,222 --> 00:10:05,072
All that changed in 1946
154
00:10:05,072 --> 00:10:08,500
when the United States took
over the Marshall Islands
155
00:10:08,500 --> 00:10:11,979
as a Trust Territory
with an obligation
156
00:10:11,979 --> 00:10:16,146
to protect the health
and well-being of the people.
157
00:10:18,286 --> 00:10:20,194
A nightmare began.
158
00:10:20,194 --> 00:10:22,794
The islands were turned
into a laboratory
159
00:10:22,794 --> 00:10:25,366
for the testing
of nuclear weapons
160
00:10:25,366 --> 00:10:28,033
and the people into guinea pigs.
161
00:10:31,888 --> 00:10:34,302
Crossroads, scene 24, take two.
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00:10:35,855 --> 00:10:37,704
In this propaganda film,
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00:10:37,704 --> 00:10:41,324
the Bikini islanders
are being deceived.
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00:10:41,324 --> 00:10:45,413
Unknown to them, plans
were already underway
165
00:10:45,413 --> 00:10:48,888
to destroy
their paradise forever.
166
00:10:49,501 --> 00:10:53,909
Will you ask King Judah that
the United States government
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00:10:53,909 --> 00:10:57,606
now wants to attempt
to turn this great,
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00:10:57,606 --> 00:11:02,657
destructive force into
something good for mankind
169
00:11:02,657 --> 00:11:05,477
and that these experiments
here at Bikini
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00:11:05,477 --> 00:11:08,599
are the first step
in that direction.
171
00:11:14,845 --> 00:11:15,678
Tell them that's fine,
172
00:11:15,678 --> 00:11:19,875
everything being in God's
hands, it must be good.
173
00:11:26,648 --> 00:11:28,761
87 ships
take position three miles
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00:11:28,761 --> 00:11:31,238
off Bikini to suffer
the shattering impact
175
00:11:31,238 --> 00:11:33,705
of the fifth atomic bomb.
176
00:11:33,705 --> 00:11:35,519
An armada of warships
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00:11:35,519 --> 00:11:38,555
was assembled in Bikini Lagoon
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00:11:38,932 --> 00:11:41,720
in order to blow them to bits.
179
00:11:50,173 --> 00:11:52,111
The decks
of the 73 test ships
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00:11:52,111 --> 00:11:53,652
anchored in Bikini Lagoon
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00:11:53,652 --> 00:11:55,472
are scenes of feverish activity
182
00:11:55,472 --> 00:11:58,363
as scientists plot
experimental programs
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00:11:58,363 --> 00:12:00,323
designed to furnish data
on blast effects
184
00:12:00,323 --> 00:12:02,396
of the mighty atom bomb.
185
00:12:02,396 --> 00:12:03,229
Animals of many kinds…
186
00:12:03,229 --> 00:12:05,416
Animals
were strapped to the decks
187
00:12:05,416 --> 00:12:08,222
like a perverse Noah's Ark.
188
00:12:08,836 --> 00:12:11,791
The experiment was to see
how they died,
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00:12:11,791 --> 00:12:13,124
how they burned.
190
00:12:15,255 --> 00:12:16,634
Special ointments are applied
191
00:12:16,634 --> 00:12:19,086
to determine
their protective quality.
192
00:12:19,086 --> 00:12:20,775
Other parts of the exposed areas
193
00:12:20,775 --> 00:12:23,823
are being left bare
to the atom blasts.
194
00:12:23,823 --> 00:12:26,488
Three, two, one.
195
00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:56,987
Being on Bikini today
196
00:13:56,987 --> 00:13:58,999
is disturbing ghosts.
197
00:13:59,820 --> 00:14:02,171
I struggle through the
jungle to the bunker
198
00:14:02,171 --> 00:14:05,752
where they pressed the button
at 6:45 on the morning
199
00:14:05,752 --> 00:14:07,335
of the H-Bomb test.
200
00:14:10,741 --> 00:14:12,994
Now claimed by the undergrowth,
201
00:14:12,994 --> 00:14:17,555
it's like a subterranean
temple to modern times.
202
00:14:19,658 --> 00:14:22,354
They drank Milk Maid
Powdered Milk,
203
00:14:22,354 --> 00:14:25,080
smoked Lucky Strike Cigarettes,
204
00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:30,031
and later this sign was
erected that's beyond irony.
205
00:14:30,031 --> 00:14:31,302
It says,
206
00:14:31,302 --> 00:14:34,363
"Please leave this
property as you find it,
207
00:14:34,363 --> 00:14:38,363
"thank you for your
kindness and understanding."
208
00:14:51,723 --> 00:14:53,874
The Momselles give their all
for their art
209
00:14:53,874 --> 00:14:54,808
and you can just bet
210
00:14:54,808 --> 00:14:58,450
that audience is giving
with the wolf calls.
211
00:14:58,450 --> 00:15:00,566
The bikini, named after
212
00:15:00,566 --> 00:15:02,842
the atomic explosion
in the Pacific.
213
00:15:02,842 --> 00:15:05,372
The bikini was
an explosion everywhere.
214
00:15:05,372 --> 00:15:10,102
In 1946, the bikini swimsuit
was launched
215
00:15:10,102 --> 00:15:13,064
to celebrate
the nuclear explosions
216
00:15:13,064 --> 00:15:16,667
that had destroyed
life on Bikini Island.
217
00:15:16,667 --> 00:15:19,668
The inventor of the bikini,
a Frenchman,
218
00:15:19,668 --> 00:15:21,085
made his fortune.
219
00:15:22,314 --> 00:15:26,633
Today a bikini body
is promoted in magazines
220
00:15:26,633 --> 00:15:29,883
as an object of
desire and good health.
221
00:15:31,820 --> 00:15:34,971
The bodies of the people
of Bikini and other islands
222
00:15:34,971 --> 00:15:38,071
are the most irradiated
in the world.
223
00:15:38,071 --> 00:15:41,888
All these women have had
thyroid cancer.
224
00:16:16,244 --> 00:16:20,118
Today, Bikini is unfit
for human life.
225
00:16:20,118 --> 00:16:23,870
Radiation poisons
the food and water,
226
00:16:23,870 --> 00:16:28,726
and issues registered
unsafe on a Geiger Counter.
227
00:16:28,726 --> 00:16:31,222
The abandoned cemetery
looks out to where
228
00:16:31,222 --> 00:16:35,221
the sun rose one morning,
then rose again
229
00:16:35,221 --> 00:16:36,999
as apocalypse.
230
00:16:39,469 --> 00:16:42,533
The equivalent of
one Hiroshima bomb
231
00:16:42,533 --> 00:16:45,223
was exploded in these islands
232
00:16:45,223 --> 00:16:48,390
everyday for 12 years.
233
00:16:51,918 --> 00:16:55,259
A scarred beauty has
returned to the island
234
00:16:55,259 --> 00:16:57,176
but the people haven't.
235
00:16:58,228 --> 00:17:02,885
Exiled to barren islands,
many of them starved.
236
00:17:02,885 --> 00:17:07,063
In 1968, President
Lyndon Johnson told them
237
00:17:07,063 --> 00:17:08,980
it was safe to go home.
238
00:17:14,127 --> 00:17:15,896
But it wasn't safe.
239
00:17:15,896 --> 00:17:19,479
And the US authorities
knew it wasn't safe.
240
00:17:41,646 --> 00:17:45,085
What happened as a result
of the Bravo test
241
00:17:45,085 --> 00:17:48,308
was that a cover-up was launched
242
00:17:48,308 --> 00:17:51,222
very shortly after March one.
243
00:17:52,208 --> 00:17:55,468
There's such a history
of wrong information,
244
00:17:55,468 --> 00:17:58,113
outright lies, deception.
245
00:17:58,113 --> 00:18:03,566
There was no attempt to take
the most conservative approach
246
00:18:03,566 --> 00:18:05,910
and make sure
that everybody was okay.
247
00:18:05,910 --> 00:18:10,494
They knew the way
the fallout was going to go.
248
00:18:10,494 --> 00:18:12,476
And they took that risk
and went ahead
249
00:18:12,476 --> 00:18:15,203
and detonated the bomb,
knowing full well
250
00:18:15,203 --> 00:18:17,470
which way it was going to go.
251
00:18:17,470 --> 00:18:20,725
They still had
an opportunity to evacuate,
252
00:18:20,725 --> 00:18:22,556
even on the day of the shot.
253
00:18:22,556 --> 00:18:24,179
But these people
were not evacuated,
254
00:18:24,179 --> 00:18:25,522
we were not evacuated,
255
00:18:25,522 --> 00:18:28,237
and the people in the
path were not evacuated.
256
00:18:28,237 --> 00:18:32,603
So that only leaves one
to believe that
257
00:18:32,603 --> 00:18:35,494
number one, the United States
needed some guinea pigs
258
00:18:35,494 --> 00:18:40,264
to study what the effects
of radiation would do.
259
00:18:40,264 --> 00:18:42,794
And that's a pretty
strong indication
260
00:18:42,794 --> 00:18:45,000
that the United States knew that.
261
00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:47,483
It seems extraordinary,
here we are,
262
00:18:47,483 --> 00:18:50,490
this far into the 21st century,
263
00:18:50,490 --> 00:18:52,932
talking to people
still frightened
264
00:18:52,932 --> 00:18:56,288
of all that nuclear fallout,
all those tests,
265
00:18:56,288 --> 00:18:58,165
all those years ago.
266
00:18:58,165 --> 00:19:00,188
The impression I get is that
267
00:19:00,188 --> 00:19:02,485
there's so little trust
among people.
268
00:19:02,485 --> 00:19:04,266
The US is trying
to provide as much
269
00:19:04,266 --> 00:19:08,132
information, as much good
information as we can.
270
00:19:08,132 --> 00:19:11,312
And so I wouldn't accept
the characterization that
271
00:19:11,312 --> 00:19:14,712
there've been lies and cover-ups.
272
00:19:14,712 --> 00:19:19,238
The word guinea pigs comes
up a lot from these survivors.
273
00:19:19,238 --> 00:19:22,513
I would refer you to
our embassy website on that.
274
00:19:22,513 --> 00:19:23,486
I've read it.
275
00:19:23,486 --> 00:19:25,778
And that question was looked at
276
00:19:25,778 --> 00:19:27,942
during the Clinton administration
277
00:19:27,942 --> 00:19:30,600
and that was not
the conclusion they came to.
278
00:19:32,176 --> 00:19:34,462
The secret
of the Marshall Islands
279
00:19:34,462 --> 00:19:36,999
is Project 4.1.
280
00:19:37,288 --> 00:19:41,848
Declassified documents
reveal a scientific program
281
00:19:41,848 --> 00:19:44,610
that began as a study of mice
282
00:19:44,610 --> 00:19:49,777
and became a study of human beings
exposed to radiation.
283
00:19:51,444 --> 00:19:53,291
Chicago is where it all began.
284
00:19:53,291 --> 00:19:56,274
And to the AEC Argonnne
Labs in Chicago last week
285
00:19:56,274 --> 00:19:59,615
came seven men, natives
of the Marshall Islands.
286
00:19:59,615 --> 00:20:01,346
Levin is from Omelek.
287
00:20:01,346 --> 00:20:02,728
He and the rest
were irradiated by our
288
00:20:02,728 --> 00:20:06,387
March 19th '54
hydrogen bomb test.
289
00:20:06,387 --> 00:20:08,312
John is mayor of Rongelap,
290
00:20:08,312 --> 00:20:11,336
which is 100 miles from Bikini.
291
00:20:11,336 --> 00:20:13,480
John, as we said, is a savage,
292
00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,799
but a happy, amenable savage.
293
00:20:15,799 --> 00:20:19,393
His grandfather ran almost
naked on his small atoll.
294
00:20:19,393 --> 00:20:21,827
The white man brought
money and religion
295
00:20:21,827 --> 00:20:24,122
and a market for his copa.
296
00:20:24,122 --> 00:20:28,913
John Reeds knows about God
and is a pretty good mayor.
297
00:20:28,913 --> 00:20:33,363
The iron room is a radiation
detector for human beings.
298
00:20:33,363 --> 00:20:35,996
Inside John the mayor,
299
00:20:35,996 --> 00:20:37,760
whose first visit to
the white man's country
300
00:20:37,760 --> 00:20:40,795
meant San Francisco cable
cars and Chicago skyscrapers
301
00:20:40,795 --> 00:20:43,389
and streamlined trains,
302
00:20:43,389 --> 00:20:45,956
whose first visit to
the white man's country
303
00:20:45,956 --> 00:20:47,623
meant the iron room.
304
00:20:49,199 --> 00:20:52,152
A savage governs
his life by ritual
305
00:20:52,152 --> 00:20:54,043
and he understands this because
306
00:20:54,043 --> 00:20:56,148
he thinks of it as a new ritual.
307
00:20:56,148 --> 00:20:58,766
Sitting alone inside the room,
308
00:20:58,766 --> 00:21:02,861
outside, a strange kind of
priest in a long, white coat.
309
00:21:02,861 --> 00:21:05,021
When the ritual of the iron
room was over for John,
310
00:21:05,021 --> 00:21:06,788
it began for the others.
311
00:21:06,788 --> 00:21:09,602
As each finished,
he was told it was over
312
00:21:09,602 --> 00:21:12,769
and he was given apples and
other good things to eat.
313
00:21:12,769 --> 00:21:15,064
Then he took off
the ritual clothing
314
00:21:15,064 --> 00:21:17,620
and the seven men put on
the suits and top coats
315
00:21:17,620 --> 00:21:19,506
they had been lent in Hawaii
316
00:21:19,506 --> 00:21:21,919
which they would return in
Hawaii on their way back
317
00:21:21,919 --> 00:21:26,687
in the Marshall Islands in the
middle of the Pacific Ocean.
318
00:21:26,687 --> 00:21:28,400
The United States
government documents
319
00:21:28,400 --> 00:21:31,635
clearly demonstrate
that its scientists
320
00:21:31,635 --> 00:21:33,847
conducted
human radiation experiments
321
00:21:33,847 --> 00:21:36,641
with Marshallese citizens.
322
00:21:36,641 --> 00:21:38,888
Some of our people
were injected with
323
00:21:38,888 --> 00:21:42,999
or coerced to drink fluids
laced with radiation.
324
00:21:43,811 --> 00:21:47,352
Other experimentation
involved the impurposeful
325
00:21:47,352 --> 00:21:50,528
and premature
resettlement of people
326
00:21:50,528 --> 00:21:53,920
on islands highly contaminated
by weapons tests
327
00:21:53,920 --> 00:21:57,867
to study how human beings
absorb radiation
328
00:21:57,867 --> 00:22:00,740
from their foods and environment.
329
00:22:05,592 --> 00:22:08,394
These people are guinea pigs.
330
00:22:08,394 --> 00:22:12,641
They are part of the
experiment Project 4.1.
331
00:22:12,641 --> 00:22:14,939
They're being returned
to Rongelap,
332
00:22:14,939 --> 00:22:19,555
an island 100 miles from
Bikini by the US Navy.
333
00:22:19,914 --> 00:22:24,081
They were told repeatedly,
it was safe to go home.
334
00:22:25,965 --> 00:22:30,666
This happy couple believed
they were going home to safety.
335
00:22:31,126 --> 00:22:35,118
The man is John Anjain,
the mayor of Rongelap.
336
00:22:35,118 --> 00:22:39,568
The "happy savage" from
the iron room in Chicago.
337
00:22:39,568 --> 00:22:44,222
His wife is Madura, and this is
their baby son Lekage.
338
00:22:44,649 --> 00:22:48,482
They had no idea of
the horror that lay ahead.
339
00:22:50,832 --> 00:22:53,049
They are being returned
to an island
340
00:22:53,049 --> 00:22:56,846
described by
a US atomic energy official
341
00:22:56,846 --> 00:23:00,929
"as by far the most
contaminated place on earth."
342
00:23:01,933 --> 00:23:03,090
He added,
345
00:23:13,939 --> 00:23:18,161
The people of Rongelap
remained on their poison island
346
00:23:18,161 --> 00:23:21,666
for 28 years as guinea pigs.
347
00:23:22,224 --> 00:23:26,555
The objects of regular,
scientific examination.
348
00:24:06,509 --> 00:24:09,880
The islanders pleaded
with the US authorities
349
00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:13,111
to move them to safety
as evidence emerged
350
00:24:13,111 --> 00:24:15,195
of the second generation,
351
00:24:15,195 --> 00:24:17,862
the children were also poisoned.
352
00:24:34,563 --> 00:24:36,787
Desperate to leave, the islanders
353
00:24:36,787 --> 00:24:40,503
called on Greenpeace
to rescue them.
354
00:24:40,503 --> 00:24:43,154
This ship, the Rainbow Warrior,
355
00:24:43,154 --> 00:24:48,222
moved the entire population
to an uncontaminated island.
356
00:24:48,434 --> 00:24:51,666
They called it Operation Exodus.
357
00:25:31,322 --> 00:25:33,668
This is Doctor Robert Conard,
358
00:25:33,668 --> 00:25:35,727
a leading medical scientist
359
00:25:35,727 --> 00:25:39,219
of Brookhaven National Laboratories.
360
00:25:39,219 --> 00:25:42,631
Conard devoted
his distinguished career
361
00:25:42,631 --> 00:25:44,881
to examining the islanders.
362
00:25:49,738 --> 00:25:53,469
He wrote, "the habitation of
these people on the island"
363
00:25:53,469 --> 00:25:58,145
"will afford the most valuable
ecological radiation data"
364
00:25:58,145 --> 00:25:59,562
"on human beings."
365
00:26:00,535 --> 00:26:03,423
"The various radio
isotopes present"
366
00:26:03,423 --> 00:26:07,377
"can be traced from the soil
to the food chain"
367
00:26:07,377 --> 00:26:09,377
"and into human beings."
368
00:26:14,738 --> 00:26:18,915
Doctor Conard gained
the trust of whole communities
369
00:26:18,915 --> 00:26:22,334
when he brought the islanders
to New York to be examined,
370
00:26:22,334 --> 00:26:24,504
he showed them the sights
371
00:26:24,504 --> 00:26:27,254
and had them over for a barbecue.
372
00:26:34,646 --> 00:26:39,444
When John Anjain's son
Lekage died aged 18,
373
00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:43,462
Doctor Conard sent the man
they called a savage
374
00:26:43,462 --> 00:26:45,229
a sympathy card.
375
00:26:45,229 --> 00:26:47,999
From your friend, Bob.
376
00:26:51,389 --> 00:26:56,810
In 1957, Madura Anjain was
the smiling young woman
377
00:26:56,810 --> 00:27:00,164
seen here on her way
back to Rongelap,
378
00:27:00,164 --> 00:27:04,666
unaware of the danger
she and her family faced.
379
00:27:07,720 --> 00:27:10,959
This is Madura 28 years later,
380
00:27:10,959 --> 00:27:12,621
grieving the death of her son
381
00:27:12,621 --> 00:27:15,999
Lekage from radiation poisoning.
382
00:28:45,777 --> 00:28:48,302
Like her son and her husband,
383
00:28:48,302 --> 00:28:51,219
Madura died from
a virulent cancer.
384
00:28:53,746 --> 00:28:57,666
I don't see any great
clinics that have been
385
00:28:57,666 --> 00:29:00,672
established by, if not
the Department of Energy,
386
00:29:00,672 --> 00:29:03,608
certainly not by
the US government.
387
00:29:03,608 --> 00:29:06,228
There's a clinic
downtown in Majuro.
388
00:29:06,228 --> 00:29:08,215
There's also
a Whole Body Counter.
389
00:29:08,215 --> 00:29:11,800
You can have the plutonium in
your body measured as well.
390
00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:13,023
Anyone can, for free.
391
00:29:15,264 --> 00:29:18,499
This is the plutonium
measuring shop
392
00:29:18,499 --> 00:29:22,600
where they'll tell you
how radioactive you are.
393
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:24,833
People waiting to be tested
394
00:29:24,833 --> 00:29:26,729
are welcomed with a video
395
00:29:26,729 --> 00:29:29,812
showing their islands
being blown up.
396
00:29:35,269 --> 00:29:38,318
And this reassuring commentary.
397
00:29:57,441 --> 00:29:59,888
This is Rinok, a refugee from
398
00:29:59,888 --> 00:30:02,661
the poisoned island of Rongelap,
399
00:30:02,661 --> 00:30:07,222
whose family owned land
and lived a secure, prosperous life.
400
00:30:07,814 --> 00:30:11,681
Now she lives in a shack
in the capital, Majuro,
401
00:30:11,681 --> 00:30:14,681
with her children
and grandchildren.
402
00:30:15,845 --> 00:30:19,111
She has no water, no sanitation.
403
00:30:34,399 --> 00:30:37,732
And power, she has electricity?
404
00:30:46,533 --> 00:30:49,606
In 1986, the United States
405
00:30:49,606 --> 00:30:53,904
granted limited independence
to the Marshall Islanders
406
00:30:53,904 --> 00:30:57,165
on condition that
they accepted a mere
407
00:30:57,165 --> 00:31:00,630
150 million dollars compensation
408
00:31:00,630 --> 00:31:04,860
for the damage caused
by nuclear testing.
409
00:31:04,860 --> 00:31:07,017
A claims tribunal was set up
410
00:31:07,017 --> 00:31:09,286
and soon ran out of money
411
00:31:09,286 --> 00:31:14,100
and appealed to the US Congress
more than a decade ago,
412
00:31:14,100 --> 00:31:16,222
still awaits a reply.
413
00:31:36,322 --> 00:31:40,104
Darlene Keju-Johnson was
a young health worker
414
00:31:40,104 --> 00:31:42,700
who became the champion
of her people
415
00:31:42,700 --> 00:31:46,352
after she discovered the full
extent of their suffering
416
00:31:46,352 --> 00:31:48,954
caused by nuclear testing that
417
00:31:48,954 --> 00:31:53,753
many more islands were poisoned
than the Americans claimed.
418
00:31:54,656 --> 00:31:59,444
This remarkable speech in
1983 broke the silence.
419
00:31:59,730 --> 00:32:03,738
I bring greetings from
the Marshall Islands
420
00:32:03,738 --> 00:32:06,700
and throughout Micronesia.
421
00:32:06,700 --> 00:32:11,130
We have hundreds of women
who have miscarriages.
422
00:32:11,130 --> 00:32:13,284
We have leukemia cancers.
423
00:32:13,284 --> 00:32:15,128
We have thyroid cancers.
424
00:32:15,128 --> 00:32:17,437
We have stillborn babies.
425
00:32:17,437 --> 00:32:20,773
We have nowadays,
I just got back from home
426
00:32:20,773 --> 00:32:24,776
and I've talked to many women
and men in the population,
427
00:32:24,776 --> 00:32:28,514
is that we have babies
we call jellyfish babies.
428
00:32:28,514 --> 00:32:30,628
A baby is born on a labor table
429
00:32:30,628 --> 00:32:33,358
and it moves up
and down like this.
430
00:32:33,358 --> 00:32:34,839
It's a colorful, ugly thing
431
00:32:34,839 --> 00:32:37,243
and it is not shaped
like a human being.
432
00:32:37,243 --> 00:32:40,344
It moves up and down like
this on a labor table
433
00:32:40,344 --> 00:32:42,541
because that thing is breathing.
434
00:32:42,541 --> 00:32:43,791
That is a baby.
435
00:32:47,157 --> 00:32:51,992
In 1982,
Darlene married Giff Johnson,
436
00:32:51,992 --> 00:32:55,242
the author of this tribute
to his wife.
437
00:32:57,299 --> 00:33:00,049
Darlene was one of the liveliest,
438
00:33:00,049 --> 00:33:03,548
most entertaining
individuals that
439
00:33:03,548 --> 00:33:07,212
I have ever had
the pleasure of knowing.
440
00:33:07,212 --> 00:33:10,045
She was a voice
for the voiceless.
441
00:33:12,813 --> 00:33:15,905
Like so
many Marshall Islanders,
442
00:33:15,905 --> 00:33:19,488
Darlene died of cancer, age 45.
443
00:33:27,874 --> 00:33:31,878
This is the largest of
the islands, Kwajalein,
444
00:33:31,878 --> 00:33:35,475
occupied by one of
America's most important
445
00:33:35,475 --> 00:33:37,666
and secretive bases.
446
00:33:39,573 --> 00:33:42,339
Known as the Ronald Reagan
Test Site,
447
00:33:42,339 --> 00:33:44,888
it's a missile launch pad
that commands
448
00:33:44,888 --> 00:33:48,999
the Pacific Ocean all the way
to Asia and China.
449
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,700
Here, the people of
the Marshall Islands
450
00:33:57,700 --> 00:34:00,823
are once again being
subjected to the testing
451
00:34:00,823 --> 00:34:06,990
of weapons of mass destruction
designed for a coming war.
452
00:34:09,953 --> 00:34:12,930
The base is part
of a remarkable plan
453
00:34:12,930 --> 00:34:14,680
known as Vision 2020.
454
00:34:16,348 --> 00:34:19,652
Devised in the 1990's,
its aim is described
455
00:34:19,652 --> 00:34:23,819
officially as
full-spectrum dominance.
456
00:34:24,354 --> 00:34:29,050
This means control of
all land, sea, air,
457
00:34:29,050 --> 00:34:31,883
cyberspace, and space.
458
00:34:32,243 --> 00:34:36,999
Five, four, three, two, one,
459
00:34:37,300 --> 00:34:38,133
ignition.
460
00:34:40,398 --> 00:34:44,509
From California,
almost 5000 miles away,
461
00:34:44,509 --> 00:34:48,516
the US Air Force tests
it's intercontinental missiles
462
00:34:48,516 --> 00:34:51,766
by firing them
at the Marshall Islands.
463
00:34:54,356 --> 00:34:57,316
Imagine a missile coming
screaming out of the sky.
464
00:34:57,316 --> 00:34:59,402
It's absolutely terrifying.
465
00:34:59,402 --> 00:35:04,405
I think that there's really
nothing that I can imagine
466
00:35:04,405 --> 00:35:07,470
that would be
more terrifying than this.
467
00:35:07,470 --> 00:35:11,107
And we're talking
about devices that
468
00:35:11,107 --> 00:35:14,107
any one of them
could go off course.
469
00:35:15,380 --> 00:35:18,308
None of this disturbs
life on the base,
470
00:35:18,308 --> 00:35:22,076
where small town America
has been recreated,
471
00:35:22,076 --> 00:35:25,326
a wonderland of
the suburban good life.
472
00:35:27,486 --> 00:35:28,486
Thank you.
473
00:35:32,988 --> 00:35:34,125
Fabulous.
474
00:35:34,125 --> 00:35:37,254
There's nothing better than
living on a tropical island.
475
00:35:37,254 --> 00:35:39,782
I pretty much have
beachfront property, you know?
476
00:35:39,782 --> 00:35:42,032
It's great, I love it here.
477
00:35:51,047 --> 00:35:54,622
Just across the bay
is Ebeye Island.
478
00:35:54,622 --> 00:35:57,033
Known as the slum of the Pacific,
479
00:35:57,033 --> 00:35:59,944
more than 12,000 people live here
480
00:35:59,944 --> 00:36:03,713
on a strip of land
less than a mile long.
481
00:36:03,713 --> 00:36:08,131
Many of them refugees from
what is now the missile base
482
00:36:08,131 --> 00:36:11,881
and from islands poisoned
by nuclear testing.
483
00:36:15,709 --> 00:36:17,832
Every day, people from Ebeye are
484
00:36:17,832 --> 00:36:20,520
brought to work
on the missile base
485
00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:23,853
to water the gardens
and the golf course
486
00:36:26,554 --> 00:36:30,221
then they are ferried
back to their poverty.
487
00:36:32,982 --> 00:36:35,732
This is apartheid in the Pacific.
488
00:37:00,495 --> 00:37:02,441
Ebeye needs a lot of things.
489
00:37:02,441 --> 00:37:05,798
Medicine, education, and jobs.
490
00:37:05,798 --> 00:37:07,631
Vegetables and fruits.
491
00:37:08,573 --> 00:37:10,067
Vegetables and fruits.
492
00:37:10,067 --> 00:37:10,900
Yes.
493
00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:12,841
Here we are,
it's a tropical island,
494
00:37:12,841 --> 00:37:14,152
and you need
vegetables and fruits.
495
00:37:14,152 --> 00:37:14,985
Yes.
496
00:37:17,313 --> 00:37:19,654
Fish, vegetables and fruit
497
00:37:19,654 --> 00:37:22,777
were once abundant on Ebeye.
498
00:37:23,567 --> 00:37:27,941
Today, fish is contaminated
by toxic pollutants
499
00:37:27,941 --> 00:37:31,358
says the Environmental
Protection Agency.
500
00:37:33,787 --> 00:37:36,777
Now the only food
most people can afford
501
00:37:36,777 --> 00:37:39,628
is processed and imported.
502
00:37:39,628 --> 00:37:43,795
They have the highest rate
of diabetes in the world.
503
00:37:49,406 --> 00:37:52,351
When someone gets really ill,
504
00:37:52,351 --> 00:37:54,582
do they go to the hospital
over on the base
505
00:37:54,582 --> 00:37:59,749
because they've got a pretty
modern clinic over there.
506
00:37:59,991 --> 00:38:03,158
They don't treat them
with medicine.
507
00:38:04,000 --> 00:38:09,169
They just go there for taking
the plug and then x-ray.
508
00:38:09,169 --> 00:38:12,442
So what happens when
somebody is seriously ill?
509
00:38:12,442 --> 00:38:14,972
They cannot do anything.
510
00:38:14,972 --> 00:38:19,262
The most consistent
example given
511
00:38:19,262 --> 00:38:23,262
is the example of
the Ronald Reagan Missile Site
512
00:38:23,262 --> 00:38:26,728
and Ebeye next to it.
513
00:38:26,728 --> 00:38:29,218
On the Ronald Reagan Missile Site
514
00:38:29,218 --> 00:38:32,555
is a vivid example
of the United States,
515
00:38:32,555 --> 00:38:36,304
golf courses and swimming pools
516
00:38:36,304 --> 00:38:38,554
and all kinds of amenities.
517
00:38:39,778 --> 00:38:43,820
Right next to it is what is
called the slum of the Pacific.
518
00:38:43,820 --> 00:38:45,090
It's a challenge.
519
00:38:45,090 --> 00:38:48,342
Ebeye is in great need right now.
520
00:38:48,342 --> 00:38:50,360
We've talked
about infrastructure.
521
00:38:50,360 --> 00:38:53,043
One of the projects the US
is working with
522
00:38:53,043 --> 00:38:56,568
our Australian colleagues and
with the Asia Development Bank
523
00:38:56,568 --> 00:38:59,855
is a sewer and water project
desperately needed for Ebeye.
524
00:38:59,855 --> 00:39:02,427
Ebeye's overcrowded,
the schools need repair.
525
00:39:02,427 --> 00:39:06,862
Actually, the US military
did a survey back in the 70's
526
00:39:06,862 --> 00:39:08,701
and found that
the sewers didn't work
527
00:39:08,701 --> 00:39:12,022
and the water didn't run and
the electricity wasn't there.
528
00:39:12,022 --> 00:39:13,673
It only happened not all
that long ago
529
00:39:13,673 --> 00:39:15,964
they found almost exactly
the same thing.
530
00:39:15,964 --> 00:39:18,294
Why hasn't that been fixed?
531
00:39:18,294 --> 00:39:21,359
There's complete agreement
that Ebeye should be a priority
532
00:39:21,359 --> 00:39:23,962
and not only because of
the current activities
533
00:39:23,962 --> 00:39:27,310
of the Ronald Reagan Space
and Missile Defense Site,
534
00:39:27,310 --> 00:39:30,748
but there's also now
an additional component
535
00:39:30,748 --> 00:39:33,176
that is providing
for global security
536
00:39:33,176 --> 00:39:35,999
and that's the Space Fence
Project by the Air Force.
537
00:39:37,570 --> 00:39:39,111
Every missile fired
538
00:39:39,111 --> 00:39:42,789
on the Marshall Islands
by the US military
539
00:39:42,789 --> 00:39:46,999
costs 100 million dollars each.
540
00:39:47,848 --> 00:39:52,401
This derelict school bus
is the only one on Ebeye.
541
00:39:52,401 --> 00:39:55,068
They can't afford to replace it.
542
00:40:09,852 --> 00:40:12,503
The base is not good for us,
543
00:40:12,503 --> 00:40:16,890
the people of Marshall Islands,
we have no need for it.
544
00:40:16,890 --> 00:40:18,767
It's been used to test missiles
545
00:40:18,767 --> 00:40:21,434
to fire at countries like China.
546
00:40:22,942 --> 00:40:27,127
Yes, and anywhere else
if they want to.
547
00:40:27,127 --> 00:40:31,534
What would you
like to see happen there?
548
00:40:31,534 --> 00:40:33,451
I want our land back.
549
00:40:48,168 --> 00:40:49,726
This is Shanghai,
550
00:40:49,726 --> 00:40:52,746
the historic port
on the Yangtze River,
551
00:40:52,746 --> 00:40:54,999
China's greatest city.
552
00:40:57,906 --> 00:41:00,078
I have arranged to meet
the American author
553
00:41:00,078 --> 00:41:03,438
James Bradley, whose
latest best-selling book
554
00:41:03,438 --> 00:41:08,593
The China Mirage, reveals
an extraordinary hidden history
555
00:41:08,593 --> 00:41:12,262
of American power
and modern China.
556
00:41:12,262 --> 00:41:15,376
It was almost illegal
for someone like me
557
00:41:15,376 --> 00:41:18,370
to know of Chinese for almost
all of American history.
558
00:41:18,370 --> 00:41:21,564
The Chinese came
to America to mine gold
559
00:41:21,564 --> 00:41:24,222
and build the railroads
and Americans decided
560
00:41:24,222 --> 00:41:25,824
we didn't like the competition,
561
00:41:25,824 --> 00:41:29,387
so in 1882 we had
the Chinese Exclusion Acts
562
00:41:29,387 --> 00:41:32,151
which kept the Chinese
out of the United States
563
00:41:32,151 --> 00:41:34,008
for about 100 years.
564
00:41:34,008 --> 00:41:36,907
So you have the largest
population in the world
565
00:41:36,907 --> 00:41:39,007
that can't come
to the United States,
566
00:41:39,007 --> 00:41:40,603
so at just the point
we're putting up
567
00:41:40,603 --> 00:41:43,753
the Statue of Liberty saying,
we welcome everybody,
568
00:41:43,753 --> 00:41:45,805
we were erecting a wall saying,
569
00:41:45,805 --> 00:41:49,305
we welcome everybody
except those Chinese.
570
00:41:50,929 --> 00:41:53,635
Fear of a rising China today
571
00:41:53,635 --> 00:41:56,963
is the latest chapter in
a history of propaganda
572
00:41:56,963 --> 00:42:02,555
that presented the Chinese
as uncouth and infantile.
573
00:42:07,951 --> 00:42:11,279
To western popular
and political culture,
574
00:42:11,279 --> 00:42:14,632
the Chinese became
the Yellow Peril.
575
00:42:15,755 --> 00:42:19,743
And racial stereotypes
bore the constant theme
576
00:42:19,743 --> 00:42:21,999
of fear and threat.
577
00:42:23,381 --> 00:42:27,582
Boris Karloff
as the evil Fu Manchu.
578
00:42:27,582 --> 00:42:31,665
His passion for power
twisting his brilliant mind
579
00:42:33,244 --> 00:42:39,411
as he revels in the horrors of
human sacrifice and torture.
580
00:42:42,561 --> 00:42:46,978
Behind the mask of Fu Manchu.
581
00:42:49,362 --> 00:42:52,880
This caricature of
an entire people
582
00:42:52,880 --> 00:42:56,547
concealed another agenda: opium.
583
00:43:01,758 --> 00:43:04,886
For the American elite
in the 19th century,
584
00:43:04,886 --> 00:43:08,469
China was a goal mine of drugs.
585
00:43:09,884 --> 00:43:10,898
Warren Delano,
586
00:43:10,898 --> 00:43:13,828
the grandfather of
Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
587
00:43:13,828 --> 00:43:16,269
was the American
opium king of China.
588
00:43:16,269 --> 00:43:18,652
He was the biggest
American opium dealer
589
00:43:18,652 --> 00:43:20,209
second to the British.
590
00:43:20,209 --> 00:43:23,864
He welcomed the first
American ship into China
591
00:43:23,864 --> 00:43:26,286
to help out with the opium wars.
592
00:43:26,286 --> 00:43:28,271
Much of the east coast of America,
593
00:43:28,271 --> 00:43:31,759
Columbia, Harvard,
Yale, Princeton,
594
00:43:31,759 --> 00:43:36,094
were born from opium money.
595
00:43:36,094 --> 00:43:38,492
The American Industrial Revolution
596
00:43:38,492 --> 00:43:41,348
was funded by
huge pools of money.
597
00:43:41,348 --> 00:43:42,181
Where did this come from?
598
00:43:42,181 --> 00:43:44,062
It came from illegal drugs
599
00:43:44,062 --> 00:43:47,502
in the biggest market
in the world: China.
600
00:43:47,502 --> 00:43:48,335
Let me get this right.
601
00:43:48,335 --> 00:43:54,136
The grandfather of arguably
the most liberal president,
602
00:43:54,136 --> 00:43:58,011
Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
was a drug runner.
603
00:43:58,011 --> 00:43:58,844
Yes sir.
604
00:43:58,844 --> 00:44:02,840
Franklin Delano Roosevelt never
made much money in his life.
605
00:44:02,840 --> 00:44:06,308
He had public service jobs
that were very lowly paid,
606
00:44:06,308 --> 00:44:08,675
but he had yachts,
he had summer homes,
607
00:44:08,675 --> 00:44:10,532
he had mansions in New York City.
608
00:44:10,532 --> 00:44:12,645
The kids went to private schools.
609
00:44:12,645 --> 00:44:16,532
He inherited a fortune from
Warren Delano, his father,
610
00:44:16,532 --> 00:44:20,000
who was the American
opium king of China.
611
00:44:20,000 --> 00:44:24,106
If you scratch anyone with
the name Forbes in their name,
612
00:44:24,106 --> 00:44:28,546
John Forbes Kerry, Secretary
of State John Forbes Kerry…
613
00:44:28,546 --> 00:44:30,125
That's the present
Secretary of State.
614
00:44:30,125 --> 00:44:30,976
Yes sir.
615
00:44:30,976 --> 00:44:32,481
You'll find opium money.
616
00:44:32,481 --> 00:44:36,263
His great-grandfather
was an opium dealer.
617
00:44:36,263 --> 00:44:37,736
How big was opium money?
618
00:44:37,736 --> 00:44:40,360
Opium money built
the first industrial city
619
00:44:40,360 --> 00:44:43,000
in the United States,
Lowell, Massachusetts.
620
00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:46,444
It built the first five
railroads in the United States.
621
00:44:46,444 --> 00:44:48,814
Opium money all over
the east coast,
622
00:44:48,814 --> 00:44:49,978
but it wasn't talked about.
623
00:44:49,978 --> 00:44:51,930
It was called the China Trade.
624
00:44:51,930 --> 00:44:54,259
And if you go to various museums,
625
00:44:54,259 --> 00:44:58,593
you can see teas
and silks exhibited
626
00:44:58,593 --> 00:45:03,405
and they keep quiet about
all that big opium money.
627
00:45:03,405 --> 00:45:06,157
In the scramble
to get opium money,
628
00:45:06,157 --> 00:45:08,769
China was invaded and colonized
629
00:45:08,769 --> 00:45:12,186
by Britain and the other
imperial powers.
630
00:45:14,502 --> 00:45:18,252
Foreign armies grabbed
whole swaths of China.
631
00:45:19,295 --> 00:45:22,419
This is the American
army in Tiananmen Square,
632
00:45:22,419 --> 00:45:25,752
Peking, in 1900.
633
00:45:27,230 --> 00:45:30,354
Great cities like Shanghai
were taken over
634
00:45:30,354 --> 00:45:32,999
and declared concessions
635
00:45:33,762 --> 00:45:37,140
and foreigners lived a life
of privilege and luxury
636
00:45:37,140 --> 00:45:41,444
amidst terrible poverty
imposed on the Chinese.
637
00:45:51,031 --> 00:45:54,480
A resistance known as
the Boxer Rebellion
638
00:45:54,480 --> 00:45:56,897
was put down with a savagery.
639
00:45:58,476 --> 00:46:01,172
This rape of China set the tone
640
00:46:01,172 --> 00:46:04,016
for how China was
perceived in the West
641
00:46:04,016 --> 00:46:06,266
well into the 20th century.
642
00:46:08,639 --> 00:46:11,222
This is the distinguished
historian
643
00:46:11,222 --> 00:46:15,976
Theodore H. White, an
advisor to the White House,
644
00:46:15,976 --> 00:46:17,893
speaking in the 1960's.
645
00:46:18,865 --> 00:46:23,703
Perhaps China is too vast
to be governed by mercy.
646
00:46:23,703 --> 00:46:26,453
Yet if Chinese mind craves order,
647
00:46:27,762 --> 00:46:29,366
they must be brought to recognize
648
00:46:29,366 --> 00:46:33,533
they are the biggest factor
in the world's disorder.
649
00:46:34,910 --> 00:46:39,888
And we must untangle the
madness of their mind.
650
00:46:40,125 --> 00:46:42,255
The most difficult task
in the world
651
00:46:42,255 --> 00:46:45,755
is to reach the minds
of men who hate you.
652
00:46:47,090 --> 00:46:49,708
What White was really
complaining about
653
00:46:49,708 --> 00:46:51,606
was the loss of a China that
654
00:46:51,606 --> 00:46:54,662
the imperial West could dominate
655
00:46:54,662 --> 00:46:58,517
and the defeat of General
Chiang Kai-Shek,
656
00:46:58,517 --> 00:47:02,058
who with his famously
powerful Christian wife,
657
00:47:02,058 --> 00:47:06,225
Mei-ling Soong, guarded
America's interests in China.
658
00:47:07,909 --> 00:47:12,227
That is, until they
were thrown out in 1949
659
00:47:12,227 --> 00:47:16,894
by a communist revolution
led by Mao Zedong.
660
00:47:17,282 --> 00:47:20,265
Mao had beaten Chiang
Kai-Shek three times
661
00:47:20,265 --> 00:47:24,107
in huge battles involving
millions of combatants.
662
00:47:24,107 --> 00:47:26,761
Mao was a winner
in this contest from
663
00:47:26,761 --> 00:47:30,178
the early 1930's on, but we
knew very little about it
664
00:47:30,178 --> 00:47:33,845
and people don't
understand that even today.
665
00:47:34,730 --> 00:47:36,981
Shanghai hears
the message clearly
666
00:47:36,981 --> 00:47:40,157
as foreign businessmen
board up their shops.
667
00:47:40,157 --> 00:47:44,074
Go now, go quickly,
for communism marches.
668
00:47:44,074 --> 00:47:46,920
Take what you can, but flee.
669
00:47:46,920 --> 00:47:48,902
In pell-mell haste,
the Western powers
670
00:47:48,902 --> 00:47:51,032
evacuate the city
they have built,
671
00:47:51,032 --> 00:47:54,080
for good and bad alike
must leave.
672
00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:55,846
The businessmen come for profit
673
00:47:55,846 --> 00:47:58,747
as well as missionaries
come to heal
674
00:47:58,747 --> 00:48:02,368
must say goodbye as out the Yancy
675
00:48:02,368 --> 00:48:04,314
steams the last
of Western influence
676
00:48:04,314 --> 00:48:06,481
and farewell to a century.
677
00:48:11,412 --> 00:48:13,936
Even today,
it's difficult to understand
678
00:48:13,936 --> 00:48:17,353
the paranoia ignited
by Mao's revolution.
679
00:48:20,712 --> 00:48:22,888
As we look at China on the map,
680
00:48:22,888 --> 00:48:25,938
we can see that China
is the basic cause
681
00:48:25,938 --> 00:48:28,046
of all of our troubles in Asia.
682
00:48:28,046 --> 00:48:34,130
I believe that for
the sake of our safety,
683
00:48:34,130 --> 00:48:39,409
it is necessary to be
prepared for the possibility
684
00:48:39,409 --> 00:48:44,888
of a Chinese missile attack
on the United States.
685
00:48:46,533 --> 00:48:48,863
One of the myths about Mao
686
00:48:48,863 --> 00:48:53,736
is that he was an implacable
enemy of the capitalist West.
687
00:49:04,195 --> 00:49:08,351
Shanghai today is a prosperous
international city
688
00:49:08,351 --> 00:49:14,000
still run by the communists,
at least in name.
689
00:49:21,713 --> 00:49:25,257
When I was last in China
more than a generation ago,
690
00:49:25,257 --> 00:49:30,126
the loudest noise was
the tinkling of bicycle bells.
691
00:49:30,126 --> 00:49:33,155
Mao had just died,
the streets were dark,
692
00:49:33,155 --> 00:49:34,993
the universities were closed.
693
00:49:34,993 --> 00:49:37,503
The chaos of
the cultural revolution
694
00:49:37,503 --> 00:49:40,706
had given way to a great silence.
695
00:49:40,706 --> 00:49:45,161
"We're exhausted," was the
freest comment I heard.
696
00:49:45,161 --> 00:49:49,069
Coming back, the change
is barely comprehensible.
697
00:49:49,069 --> 00:49:53,400
Here in Shanghai, the freedom
bears no comparison.
698
00:49:53,400 --> 00:49:55,827
Yes, there are issues
with human rights,
699
00:49:55,827 --> 00:49:58,793
especially the right to
speak against the state
700
00:49:58,793 --> 00:50:01,294
and challenge its power.
701
00:50:01,294 --> 00:50:04,069
Since I was last here,
millions of people
702
00:50:04,069 --> 00:50:06,274
have been lifted out of poverty,
703
00:50:06,274 --> 00:50:10,783
many of them into
an entirely new middle class.
704
00:50:10,783 --> 00:50:14,064
This epic is still barely
understood in the West,
705
00:50:14,064 --> 00:50:17,564
or should that be
willfully misunderstood?
706
00:50:18,576 --> 00:50:22,177
The truth is that China
has matched America
707
00:50:22,177 --> 00:50:25,230
at its own great game
of capitalism
708
00:50:25,230 --> 00:50:27,999
and that is unforgivable.
709
00:50:31,106 --> 00:50:34,001
One measure of China's
new capitalism
710
00:50:34,001 --> 00:50:36,666
is the Hurun Rich List.
711
00:50:37,451 --> 00:50:39,959
This league table
of China's mega-rich
712
00:50:39,959 --> 00:50:42,972
is published by Rupert Hoogewerf,
713
00:50:42,972 --> 00:50:47,333
an old Etonian whose
Chinese name is Hu Run.
714
00:50:49,531 --> 00:50:51,521
He's received many awards,
715
00:50:51,521 --> 00:50:54,999
including China's
Man of the Year.
716
00:50:55,372 --> 00:50:58,359
This year, 2015,
has probably been
717
00:50:58,359 --> 00:51:00,547
the most extraordinary
year of wealth creation
718
00:51:00,547 --> 00:51:02,846
in the history of China again.
719
00:51:02,846 --> 00:51:05,738
I've been doing this
list for 15, 16 years.
720
00:51:05,738 --> 00:51:08,488
I've never seen a year like 2015.
721
00:51:09,743 --> 00:51:13,848
Normally for 200 million
pounds or 300 million dollars,
722
00:51:13,848 --> 00:51:17,118
we find say about 800,000 people.
723
00:51:17,118 --> 00:51:19,905
This year, 2015, it's doubled.
724
00:51:19,905 --> 00:51:22,351
There'll be more dollar
billionaires known about in China
725
00:51:22,351 --> 00:51:23,722
than in the US.
726
00:51:23,722 --> 00:51:25,411
So the US, up until now,
727
00:51:25,411 --> 00:51:28,762
has been the leader in terms of
728
00:51:28,762 --> 00:51:32,562
the most successful business
tycoons in the world.
729
00:51:32,562 --> 00:51:36,104
China 2015,
will have overtaken the US.
730
00:51:36,104 --> 00:51:37,104
So, amazing.
731
00:51:42,900 --> 00:51:46,019
Modern China
is full of telling ironies,
732
00:51:46,019 --> 00:51:49,028
not least this museum
that was once the house
733
00:51:49,028 --> 00:51:52,087
where Mao and his
comrades secretly founded
734
00:51:52,087 --> 00:51:56,599
the communist party
of China in 1921.
735
00:52:10,000 --> 00:52:13,563
Today it stands in the
heart of an exclusive,
736
00:52:13,563 --> 00:52:16,999
very capitalist
shopping district.
737
00:52:25,400 --> 00:52:29,400
When you leave this shrine
to China's great revolution,
738
00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:32,049
you're confronted by
a surreal spectacle.
739
00:52:32,049 --> 00:52:33,074
For right outside where the
740
00:52:33,074 --> 00:52:35,723
Chinese communist party was born,
741
00:52:35,723 --> 00:52:38,680
are the very symbols
of capitalism.
742
00:52:38,680 --> 00:52:42,896
Starbucks, Apple, Cartier,
Dolce and Gabbana,
743
00:52:42,896 --> 00:52:46,961
and down there perhaps the free
market's greatest triumph:
744
00:52:46,961 --> 00:52:50,581
bottled water that insures
you live young,
745
00:52:50,581 --> 00:52:55,381
costing six pounds for a
small bottle in my hotel.
746
00:52:55,381 --> 00:52:58,833
Would Mao spin in his tomb
if he was here?
747
00:52:58,833 --> 00:53:00,382
I'm not so sure.
748
00:53:00,382 --> 00:53:03,784
Hidden history is always
the key to the truth.
749
00:53:03,784 --> 00:53:09,014
Five years before his great
communist revolution in 1949,
750
00:53:09,014 --> 00:53:13,032
Mao sent this secret
message to Washington.
751
00:53:13,032 --> 00:53:15,828
"China must industrialize,"
wrote Mao,
752
00:53:15,828 --> 00:53:19,440
"this can only be done
by free enterprise."
753
00:53:19,440 --> 00:53:22,590
"Chinese and American
interests fit together"
754
00:53:22,590 --> 00:53:25,363
"economically and politically."
755
00:53:25,363 --> 00:53:29,350
"America need not fear that
we will not be cooperative."
756
00:53:29,350 --> 00:53:32,494
"We cannot risk crossing America."
757
00:53:32,494 --> 00:53:34,994
"We cannot risk any conflict."
758
00:53:36,130 --> 00:53:38,555
Mao received no reply.
759
00:53:39,676 --> 00:53:41,343
Nothing has changed.
760
00:53:45,312 --> 00:53:47,059
Mao Zedong was looking
to be a friend
761
00:53:47,059 --> 00:53:49,829
with the United States
from the beginning.
762
00:53:49,829 --> 00:53:51,684
Mao says, I will go meet
763
00:53:51,684 --> 00:53:53,941
Franklin Roosevelt
in the White House.
764
00:53:53,941 --> 00:53:56,830
Mao reaches out in 1950
to Harry Truman.
765
00:53:56,830 --> 00:53:58,785
He reaches out
to Dwight Eisenhower.
766
00:53:58,785 --> 00:54:00,868
His hand was tossed away.
767
00:54:04,967 --> 00:54:06,734
This opportunity that
768
00:54:06,734 --> 00:54:08,727
might have changed history,
769
00:54:08,727 --> 00:54:12,641
prevented wars,
saved countless lives,
770
00:54:12,641 --> 00:54:15,949
was lost because the
truth of Mao's overtures
771
00:54:15,949 --> 00:54:19,532
was denied in the
Washington of the 1950's.
772
00:54:20,950 --> 00:54:25,158
State Department officials
who had carried Mao's messages
773
00:54:25,158 --> 00:54:29,991
were condemned unjustly
as communist traitors.
774
00:54:31,778 --> 00:54:35,944
Everybody who knew Mao,
who spoke Chinese, was gone.
775
00:54:35,944 --> 00:54:38,328
In the 1950's,
the State Department
776
00:54:38,328 --> 00:54:41,999
had no employees
who spoke Chinese.
777
00:54:42,254 --> 00:54:44,554
It's resulted in us
not having relations
778
00:54:44,554 --> 00:54:48,721
with the number one,
most populous country in the world.
779
00:54:51,361 --> 00:54:54,569
In 1979, this man,
780
00:54:54,569 --> 00:54:59,199
Deng Xaoping, became
China's paramount leader.
781
00:54:59,407 --> 00:55:03,574
He said, "Socialism does
not mean shared poverty."
782
00:55:07,555 --> 00:55:10,537
This was code for
the most radical reform
783
00:55:10,537 --> 00:55:16,959
since Mao's revolution,
the return of capitalism to China,
784
00:55:16,959 --> 00:55:20,959
but this time controlled
by the communist party.
785
00:55:23,893 --> 00:55:25,560
"To be rich is glorious,"
786
00:55:25,560 --> 00:55:28,625
Deng was reported as saying.
787
00:55:28,625 --> 00:55:31,411
America was now threatened
by the emergence
788
00:55:31,411 --> 00:55:34,965
of a vast image of itself.
789
00:55:41,873 --> 00:55:44,677
This is one of
the many very exclusive
790
00:55:44,677 --> 00:55:47,846
gated communities in Shanghai
791
00:55:47,846 --> 00:55:50,077
where an apartment
is one of the prizes
792
00:55:50,077 --> 00:55:52,827
of the new communism.
793
00:55:57,514 --> 00:56:00,735
I'd arranged to see
Professor Zhang Weiwei,
794
00:56:00,735 --> 00:56:03,583
a close aide to the late
Deng Xiaoping,
795
00:56:03,583 --> 00:56:06,750
the man who changed China.
796
00:56:07,413 --> 00:56:15,614
Deng is really, extremely
long-term visionary leader
797
00:56:15,614 --> 00:56:19,734
with an exceedingly
long-term at strategic vision
798
00:56:19,734 --> 00:56:22,444
for his country
and for his people.
799
00:56:22,444 --> 00:56:25,373
China is still
following that path.
800
00:56:25,373 --> 00:56:27,796
Actually, this is
really a tradition
801
00:56:27,796 --> 00:56:30,260
from China's long history.
802
00:56:30,260 --> 00:56:32,743
You look at even like Mao.
803
00:56:32,743 --> 00:56:35,267
He said we should surpass UK,
804
00:56:35,267 --> 00:56:37,709
by which we should
surpass the United States,
805
00:56:37,709 --> 00:56:41,082
so these tradition
continues to this day.
806
00:56:41,082 --> 00:56:44,601
Even Xi Jinping to this day
is also doing this idea.
807
00:56:44,601 --> 00:56:48,592
Actually, what many Chinese
have problem
808
00:56:48,592 --> 00:56:52,093
with the Western media is
the stereotypes about China.
809
00:56:52,093 --> 00:56:57,525
If you contend with stereotypes,
you miss so many things.
810
00:56:57,525 --> 00:56:59,991
If BBC broadcast something,
811
00:56:59,991 --> 00:57:03,415
they are happy to always mention
this communist dictatorship,
812
00:57:03,415 --> 00:57:04,665
this autocracy.
813
00:57:05,579 --> 00:57:07,506
Actually, with this kind of label
814
00:57:07,506 --> 00:57:11,097
you cannot understand
this China as it is.
815
00:57:11,097 --> 00:57:18,087
But if you watch BBC
or CNN or read Economist
816
00:57:18,087 --> 00:57:21,345
and try to understand
China, it will be a failure.
817
00:57:21,345 --> 00:57:22,678
It's impossible.
818
00:57:23,851 --> 00:57:25,989
Multiple parties fight
for political power
819
00:57:25,989 --> 00:57:27,598
and everyone holding on to them
820
00:57:27,598 --> 00:57:29,062
as the only path to salvation
821
00:57:29,062 --> 00:57:31,242
to the long-suffering,
developing world.
822
00:57:31,242 --> 00:57:32,280
This is Eric Li,
823
00:57:32,280 --> 00:57:35,914
a Shanghai entrepreneur
educated in America
824
00:57:35,914 --> 00:57:38,454
and typical of a new, confident,
825
00:57:38,454 --> 00:57:42,000
outspoken political class.
826
00:57:42,389 --> 00:57:45,629
In China, there are
a lot of problems.
827
00:57:45,629 --> 00:57:50,219
But at the moment,
the Chinese, the party state,
828
00:57:50,219 --> 00:57:54,585
has proven an extraordinary
ability to change.
829
00:57:54,585 --> 00:57:56,048
I make the joke:
830
00:57:56,048 --> 00:57:59,625
in America you can
change political parties
831
00:57:59,625 --> 00:58:02,787
but you can't change
the policies.
832
00:58:02,787 --> 00:58:04,619
In China you cannot
change the party
833
00:58:04,619 --> 00:58:06,952
but you can change policies.
834
00:58:08,272 --> 00:58:13,038
In 65 or 66 years, China has
been run by one single party
835
00:58:13,038 --> 00:58:17,315
yet the political changes
that have taken place
836
00:58:17,315 --> 00:58:21,998
in China these past 66
years have been wider
837
00:58:21,998 --> 00:58:24,667
and broader and greater
than probably
838
00:58:24,667 --> 00:58:27,358
any other major country
in modern memory.
839
00:58:27,358 --> 00:58:29,782
So in that time, China
ceased to be communist.
840
00:58:29,782 --> 00:58:31,052
Is that what you're saying?
841
00:58:31,052 --> 00:58:34,410
Well, China is a market economy.
842
00:58:34,410 --> 00:58:35,566
It's a vibrant market economy
843
00:58:35,566 --> 00:58:37,587
but it is not
a capitalist country.
844
00:58:37,587 --> 00:58:38,504
Here's why.
845
00:58:40,595 --> 00:58:43,671
There's no way
a group of billionaires
846
00:58:43,671 --> 00:58:46,555
could control the party bureau
847
00:58:47,359 --> 00:58:51,888
as billionaires control
American policy making.
848
00:58:52,808 --> 00:58:55,707
So in China, you have
a vibrant market economy
849
00:58:55,707 --> 00:58:59,999
but capital does not rise
above political authority.
850
00:59:00,798 --> 00:59:06,048
Capital does not have
enshrined rights.
851
00:59:06,524 --> 00:59:08,642
In America, capital,
852
00:59:08,642 --> 00:59:10,957
the interest of capital
and capital itself
853
00:59:10,957 --> 00:59:14,555
has risen above
the American nation.
854
00:59:15,816 --> 00:59:19,259
The political authority cannot
check the power of capital.
855
00:59:19,259 --> 00:59:21,231
That's why America
is a capitalist country
856
00:59:21,231 --> 00:59:22,564
but China's not.
857
00:59:25,305 --> 00:59:26,854
This is the ironic title
858
00:59:26,854 --> 00:59:30,440
of a best-selling book
by Zhang Lijia,
859
00:59:30,440 --> 00:59:34,987
a journalist and critic
who lives in Beijing.
860
00:59:34,987 --> 00:59:38,029
Many Americans imagine
that the Chinese people
861
00:59:38,029 --> 00:59:46,700
live a miserable, repressed
life with no freedom whatsoever.
862
00:59:46,700 --> 00:59:47,865
That's not quite true.
863
00:59:47,865 --> 00:59:51,997
If you speak to many
ordinary Chinese people,
864
00:59:51,997 --> 00:59:55,392
they will tell you they feel
their lives are quite free.
865
00:59:55,392 --> 00:59:58,663
Some 500 million people
have been lifted off poverty
866
00:59:58,663 --> 01:00:00,854
and some would say probably
600 million people.
867
01:00:00,854 --> 01:00:03,104
That's a great achievement.
868
01:00:04,706 --> 01:00:09,374
For many Americans, the Yellow
Peril has never left them.
869
01:00:09,374 --> 01:00:12,000
I think there's
a fear about China.
870
01:00:12,000 --> 01:00:14,724
Of course, there's a fear
of China's rapid rise,
871
01:00:14,724 --> 01:00:18,881
but it also has a lot
to do with China's…
872
01:00:18,881 --> 01:00:24,131
The label as a communist state.
873
01:00:24,354 --> 01:00:26,653
China's objectives are modest
874
01:00:26,653 --> 01:00:29,333
compared with their weight.
875
01:00:30,285 --> 01:00:32,443
They're not trying
to run the world.
876
01:00:32,443 --> 01:00:35,687
They're not even trying
to run the Asian-Pacific.
877
01:00:35,687 --> 01:00:38,389
I think they want to keep America
878
01:00:38,389 --> 01:00:41,671
from dominating
the Asian-Pacific.
879
01:00:41,671 --> 01:00:44,846
So they have what they believe
880
01:00:44,846 --> 01:00:47,355
is their rightful place
in the Asian-Pacific,
881
01:00:47,355 --> 01:00:48,188
because of all civilizations
882
01:00:48,188 --> 01:00:50,171
and all the history
on their side,
883
01:00:50,171 --> 01:00:51,966
so their objectives
are really modest
884
01:00:51,966 --> 01:00:54,383
compared with their capacity.
885
01:00:55,308 --> 01:00:57,711
The new wealth in China,
886
01:00:57,711 --> 01:01:01,197
they often say
this is the product of
887
01:01:01,197 --> 01:01:05,100
self-made entrepreneurial skill,
888
01:01:05,100 --> 01:01:09,797
but is it not also
the product of
889
01:01:09,797 --> 01:01:12,627
the exploitation of people
at the bottom,
890
01:01:12,627 --> 01:01:14,638
what are known in China
as migrants.
891
01:01:14,638 --> 01:01:17,712
But they're not really
migrants, they're Chinese.
892
01:01:17,712 --> 01:01:21,406
If you really go to
893
01:01:21,406 --> 01:01:24,147
talk to these migrant workers,
894
01:01:24,147 --> 01:01:27,632
you will find quite surprisingly,
895
01:01:27,632 --> 01:01:30,914
over the past five
to seven years,
896
01:01:30,914 --> 01:01:35,912
they have experienced
a greater income increase
897
01:01:35,912 --> 01:01:38,632
than any other social groups.
898
01:01:38,632 --> 01:01:41,049
China is not a class society.
899
01:01:43,328 --> 01:01:47,328
But China is a class society.
900
01:01:48,525 --> 01:01:51,473
These are the homes
of migrant workers,
901
01:01:51,473 --> 01:01:55,666
people who build
and service the new China.
902
01:02:02,785 --> 01:02:05,639
Here it's not uncommon
for three families
903
01:02:05,639 --> 01:02:07,556
to share one tiny flat.
904
01:02:13,058 --> 01:02:17,695
You know, you associate
a socialist country with equality
905
01:02:17,695 --> 01:02:20,906
but unfortunately since
the reform has started.
906
01:02:20,906 --> 01:02:22,297
China has become one of the
907
01:02:22,297 --> 01:02:25,004
most unequal societies
in the world.
908
01:02:25,004 --> 01:02:26,977
The income gap is widening.
909
01:02:26,977 --> 01:02:29,186
Government, I feel,
have retreated some of
910
01:02:29,186 --> 01:02:33,428
the responsibilities,
left the markets to take over,
911
01:02:33,428 --> 01:02:35,781
but the market does not
always treat women kindly.
912
01:02:35,781 --> 01:02:39,026
Some private companies
they would just refuse
913
01:02:39,026 --> 01:02:43,365
to hire child-bearing
aged women.
914
01:02:43,365 --> 01:02:45,088
And sometimes when women
became pregnant,
915
01:02:45,088 --> 01:02:46,994
they would sack them.
916
01:02:46,994 --> 01:02:49,170
Because they don't want
to pay their maternity leave.
917
01:02:49,170 --> 01:02:53,474
And in fact, the income
gap has grown much bigger
918
01:02:53,474 --> 01:02:56,307
between men and women.
919
01:02:56,573 --> 01:03:00,280
Your old boss, Deng Xaoping,
920
01:03:00,280 --> 01:03:03,960
presided over the bloodshed
in Tiananmen Square.
921
01:03:03,960 --> 01:03:11,037
What would you say to
the survivors of Tiananmen Square,
922
01:03:11,037 --> 01:03:14,710
because so many
of those did fight
923
01:03:14,710 --> 01:03:18,710
for what they saw as
democratic change in China?
924
01:03:20,092 --> 01:03:23,675
In 1989, there were
two political forces.
925
01:03:24,875 --> 01:03:29,380
One of those were presented
by the Chinese students.
926
01:03:29,380 --> 01:03:32,345
Their hero was Mikhail Gorbachev,
927
01:03:32,345 --> 01:03:34,715
who happened to be in Beijing.
928
01:03:34,715 --> 01:03:36,228
Their slogan was,
929
01:03:36,228 --> 01:03:39,587
"Soviet Union's Today
is China's Tomorrow."
930
01:03:39,587 --> 01:03:42,457
So the idea was
political reform first,
931
01:03:42,457 --> 01:03:44,275
other reform second.
932
01:03:44,275 --> 01:03:46,789
Otherwise,
China would be hopeless.
933
01:03:46,789 --> 01:03:49,205
Deng's message was the opposite.
934
01:03:49,205 --> 01:03:52,130
He thought Gorbachev
was an idiot.
935
01:03:52,130 --> 01:03:56,353
He thought China must have
economic reform first,
936
01:03:56,353 --> 01:03:58,320
other reform second.
937
01:03:58,320 --> 01:04:00,987
This priority must be set clear.
938
01:04:02,269 --> 01:04:06,993
Unfortunately, at that
particular moment in 1989,
939
01:04:06,993 --> 01:04:11,094
the two political forces
could not reach a compromise.
940
01:04:11,094 --> 01:04:13,844
That's when the tragedy occurred.
941
01:04:15,144 --> 01:04:17,633
It was more than a tragedy.
942
01:04:17,633 --> 01:04:19,639
It was a massacre
943
01:04:19,639 --> 01:04:25,444
of which the memory remains
a raw presence in modern China.
944
01:04:26,880 --> 01:04:33,475
Why does the Chinese
state still fear the few?
945
01:04:33,475 --> 01:04:36,661
The few who speak out,
and I'm thinking of…
946
01:04:36,661 --> 01:04:38,499
Liu Xiaobo?
947
01:04:38,499 --> 01:04:40,062
Exactly.
948
01:04:40,062 --> 01:04:44,999
This man won the Nobel Peace
Prize and he's in prison.
949
01:04:45,000 --> 01:04:49,578
He violated Chinese law
by a big margin.
950
01:04:49,578 --> 01:04:52,304
So actually the freedom
of expression,
951
01:04:52,304 --> 01:04:55,499
similar views are aired
by many people
952
01:04:55,499 --> 01:04:58,416
but he really going
to the extreme.
953
01:05:00,378 --> 01:05:02,598
Liu Xiaobo challenged
the government
954
01:05:02,598 --> 01:05:05,351
to implement democratic reforms
955
01:05:05,351 --> 01:05:10,934
and he spent a total
of 13 years in prison.
956
01:05:11,868 --> 01:05:14,261
Why can't a confident China
957
01:05:14,261 --> 01:05:17,340
accept a criticism like that?
958
01:05:17,340 --> 01:05:20,174
Nobel peace committee
makes huge mistake.
959
01:05:20,174 --> 01:05:22,432
They owe the Chinese
an explanation.
960
01:05:22,432 --> 01:05:26,031
If you cross a line,
you violate the constitution,
961
01:05:26,031 --> 01:05:28,759
you violate so many laws,
you should be punished.
962
01:05:35,150 --> 01:05:36,547
And yet in China today,
963
01:05:36,547 --> 01:05:39,677
the spirit of
protest and dissent
964
01:05:39,677 --> 01:05:42,010
lives on in different forms.
965
01:05:44,501 --> 01:05:48,672
In 2015, strikes
and community protests
966
01:05:48,672 --> 01:05:52,675
and activism reach record levels.
967
01:05:52,675 --> 01:05:56,592
This resistance is seldom
reported in the West.
968
01:05:57,612 --> 01:06:01,041
So there are lots
of protests in China.
969
01:06:01,041 --> 01:06:04,222
Typical for example,
land being grabbed by
970
01:06:04,222 --> 01:06:07,014
officials for
commercial development
971
01:06:07,014 --> 01:06:09,721
and the farmers are not
being compensated properly.
972
01:06:09,721 --> 01:06:12,400
But the farmers now know,
973
01:06:12,400 --> 01:06:15,628
are more aware of their
rights so they protest.
974
01:06:15,628 --> 01:06:17,252
Or young workers
from the factory,
975
01:06:17,252 --> 01:06:21,109
they demand a better wage
and a better working condition,
976
01:06:21,109 --> 01:06:25,260
but many of the protests
they are economic driven,
977
01:06:25,260 --> 01:06:26,612
not political driven.
978
01:06:26,612 --> 01:06:28,922
They are regional,
not nation-wide.
979
01:06:28,922 --> 01:06:30,575
So this kind of thing
is unlikely
980
01:06:30,575 --> 01:06:32,729
to develop into real movement
981
01:06:32,729 --> 01:06:35,979
or so-called,
you call that revolution.
982
01:06:37,030 --> 01:06:38,237
So the Mao's revolution
983
01:06:38,237 --> 01:06:40,554
was the last revolution?
984
01:06:40,554 --> 01:06:44,721
Well, never say never.
985
01:06:57,175 --> 01:06:59,777
The Japanese island of Okinawa
986
01:06:59,777 --> 01:07:03,999
is occupied by
32 military installations.
987
01:07:04,566 --> 01:07:07,968
From here, the United
States has attacked Korea,
988
01:07:07,968 --> 01:07:13,555
Vietnam, Cambodia,
Afghanistan, Iraq.
989
01:07:14,749 --> 01:07:17,762
The sky is full of
planes and helicopters.
990
01:07:25,911 --> 01:07:28,860
Wherever people go,
they are fenced in
991
01:07:28,860 --> 01:07:30,610
and told to keep out.
992
01:07:36,184 --> 01:07:40,595
Okinawa is the front
line of a beckoning war
993
01:07:40,595 --> 01:07:41,999
with China.
994
01:07:49,849 --> 01:07:53,547
Aged 87, Fumiko Shimabukuro
995
01:07:53,547 --> 01:07:56,589
is one of the leaders of
a non-violent resistance
996
01:07:56,589 --> 01:08:00,589
that's challenging
Washington's "Pivot to Asia."
997
01:09:01,000 --> 01:09:03,924
Fumiko is a survivor.
998
01:09:03,924 --> 01:09:06,447
A quarter of the civilians
on the island
999
01:09:06,447 --> 01:09:11,085
were killed in the American
invasion in 1945
1000
01:09:11,085 --> 01:09:15,999
and a fear of war has been
passed through the generations.
1001
01:09:27,981 --> 01:09:30,809
Today, those who witnessed
these horrors
1002
01:09:30,809 --> 01:09:34,307
live in a place
of extraordinary beauty
1003
01:09:34,307 --> 01:09:38,474
surrounded by coral reefs
and a unique marine life.
1004
01:09:47,400 --> 01:09:50,285
It was here in Henoko Bay
1005
01:09:50,285 --> 01:09:54,895
that the survivors of
World War Two sought refuge
1006
01:09:54,895 --> 01:09:58,478
and it's this they're
now fighting to save.
1007
01:09:59,885 --> 01:10:03,426
It's an epic struggle that
pits these island people
1008
01:10:03,426 --> 01:10:07,176
against the greatest
military power on Earth.
1009
01:10:14,178 --> 01:10:17,769
This is the office of
a former governor of Okinawa,
1010
01:10:17,769 --> 01:10:19,852
Oto Masahide.
1011
01:10:20,309 --> 01:10:25,073
What he has done is create
not so much a museum,
1012
01:10:25,073 --> 01:10:29,341
but an appeal
to the outside world
1013
01:10:29,341 --> 01:10:32,868
to understand the resistance
in Okinawa,
1014
01:10:32,868 --> 01:10:35,384
to understand the suffering,
1015
01:10:35,384 --> 01:10:38,393
to read its hidden history.
1016
01:10:38,393 --> 01:10:42,695
It begins in 1945 when
the Americans invaded.
1017
01:10:42,695 --> 01:10:46,445
Here's General MacArthur
arriving in Okinawa.
1018
01:10:49,324 --> 01:10:52,792
A second invasion happened
10 years later
1019
01:10:52,792 --> 01:10:53,969
in what became known as
1020
01:10:53,969 --> 01:10:57,234
the Bulldozer's
and Bayonets campaign.
1021
01:10:57,234 --> 01:11:00,838
American forces seized
prime agricultural land,
1022
01:11:00,838 --> 01:11:04,806
burned farm houses,
and killed livestock.
1023
01:11:04,806 --> 01:11:07,155
The dispossessed people
of Okinawa
1024
01:11:07,155 --> 01:11:10,988
march the length of
Japan, appealing for help.
1025
01:11:13,128 --> 01:11:16,469
This wall is devoted to
a resistance in Okinawa
1026
01:11:16,469 --> 01:11:18,051
that never ceases.
1027
01:11:18,051 --> 01:11:20,149
Everywhere people
go on the island,
1028
01:11:20,149 --> 01:11:22,982
they are confronted by this sign.
1029
01:11:22,982 --> 01:11:25,606
It tells them
they must not go past
1030
01:11:25,606 --> 01:11:28,300
this fence topped
with barbed wire.
1031
01:11:28,300 --> 01:11:32,649
These fences run like great
ribbons across the island
1032
01:11:32,649 --> 01:11:37,260
and the bases themselves
cut swaths across Okinawa.
1033
01:11:37,260 --> 01:11:39,276
But all around them are people
1034
01:11:39,276 --> 01:11:42,795
with this continuing
demonstration,
1035
01:11:42,795 --> 01:11:45,045
this continuing resistance.
1036
01:11:46,090 --> 01:11:47,940
And they have a message.
1037
01:11:47,940 --> 01:11:49,821
It's: "People of the World,"
1038
01:11:49,821 --> 01:11:52,650
"Watch what Japan
and the US are doing."
1039
01:11:52,650 --> 01:11:56,999
"Don't let them force
the bases on Okinawa."
1040
01:12:52,149 --> 01:12:54,000
All this will be lost
1041
01:12:54,000 --> 01:12:55,777
when much of the bay becomes
1042
01:12:55,777 --> 01:13:00,272
concrete runways for
bombers at Camp Schwab,
1043
01:13:00,272 --> 01:13:04,222
the huge US Marine base
behind this fence.
1044
01:13:09,136 --> 01:13:14,150
In 2014, Okinawa elected
a new governor,
1045
01:13:14,456 --> 01:13:14,456
Takeshi Onaga, who won by
a landslide on one issue.
1046
01:13:14,456 --> 01:13:22,267
Stopping the new base at Henoko.
1047
01:13:23,587 --> 01:13:27,115
This was election night
outside the American base
1048
01:13:27,115 --> 01:13:28,999
at Camp Schwab.
1049
01:14:41,597 --> 01:14:44,398
The New Year's celebration
of their victory
1050
01:14:44,398 --> 01:14:46,524
was bittersweet.
1051
01:14:46,524 --> 01:14:48,963
The government in Tokyo
resented this
1052
01:14:48,963 --> 01:14:52,666
unprecedented challenge
to its authority.
1053
01:14:53,688 --> 01:14:57,283
The issue is now
in the Japanese courts.
1054
01:14:57,283 --> 01:15:01,455
Japan's prime minister,
Shinzo Abe,
1055
01:15:01,455 --> 01:15:03,795
has also made clear
that with the backing
1056
01:15:03,795 --> 01:15:06,299
of his powerful patron America,
1057
01:15:06,299 --> 01:15:10,140
he wants to reawaken
Japanese nationalism
1058
01:15:10,140 --> 01:15:13,444
and reclaim it's military power.
1059
01:15:26,270 --> 01:15:29,779
While we were filming this
ceremony outside the base,
1060
01:15:29,779 --> 01:15:31,874
on a day when people paid respect
1061
01:15:31,874 --> 01:15:34,835
to their departed loved ones,
1062
01:15:34,835 --> 01:15:38,757
giant American helicopters
circled above us,
1063
01:15:38,757 --> 01:15:40,999
intimidating as always.
1064
01:15:52,453 --> 01:15:55,303
The threat of these
low-flying aircraft
1065
01:15:55,303 --> 01:15:58,792
is a constant presence
in Okinawa.
1066
01:15:58,792 --> 01:16:01,981
Teachers often can't
teach because of the noise
1067
01:16:01,981 --> 01:16:03,444
and the fear.
1068
01:16:12,552 --> 01:16:15,342
This was the carnage
when an American fighter
1069
01:16:15,342 --> 01:16:17,529
crashed into a primary school
1070
01:16:17,529 --> 01:16:20,696
after the pilot
had ejected to safety.
1071
01:16:28,206 --> 01:16:32,999
Haru Akira, aged seven,
was terribly burned.
1072
01:17:41,000 --> 01:17:44,058
Akira suffered
throughout his youth
1073
01:17:44,058 --> 01:17:48,222
and died from
his injuries age 21.
1074
01:17:53,857 --> 01:17:57,601
Another tragedy waits
to happen on Okinawa.
1075
01:17:57,601 --> 01:18:00,726
US military aircraft
have been involved
1076
01:18:00,726 --> 01:18:03,226
in 44 accidents on the island.
1077
01:18:04,503 --> 01:18:08,157
The latest threat is this
hybrid plane, the Osprey,
1078
01:18:08,157 --> 01:18:10,824
notorious for its safety issues.
1079
01:18:29,502 --> 01:18:31,758
Wherever the military
is based in Asia,
1080
01:18:31,758 --> 01:18:34,661
there is a relationship
with local people,
1081
01:18:34,661 --> 01:18:38,578
especially women, that
often breeds resentment.
1082
01:18:48,444 --> 01:18:54,086
In Okinawa, this resentment
ignited a riot in 1970.
1083
01:18:54,594 --> 01:18:58,596
Scores of American GI's
were pulled from their cars
1084
01:18:58,596 --> 01:19:00,429
which were set alight.
1085
01:19:03,300 --> 01:19:07,589
For Washington and
it's compliant ally in Tokyo,
1086
01:19:07,589 --> 01:19:11,422
it's this kind of
insurrection that they fear.
1087
01:19:16,973 --> 01:19:19,262
During the making of this film,
1088
01:19:19,262 --> 01:19:22,149
a young woman
was raped and murdered,
1089
01:19:22,149 --> 01:19:25,314
allegedly by an American
military contractor
1090
01:19:25,314 --> 01:19:27,241
from one of the bases.
1091
01:19:32,136 --> 01:19:35,411
It was the latest of
thousands of cases of violence
1092
01:19:35,411 --> 01:19:39,537
and it brought massive
crowds into the streets,
1093
01:19:39,537 --> 01:19:40,650
demanding an end to the
1094
01:19:40,650 --> 01:19:43,733
military occupation
of their country.
1095
01:19:52,474 --> 01:19:54,475
This is a Mace missile,
1096
01:19:54,475 --> 01:19:58,183
designed to carry
a nuclear warhead.
1097
01:19:58,183 --> 01:20:01,058
During the Cold War,
the United States
1098
01:20:01,058 --> 01:20:03,601
secretly installed
nuclear weapons
1099
01:20:03,601 --> 01:20:06,666
at this launch pad in Okinawa.
1100
01:20:08,408 --> 01:20:11,555
Most of them were aimed at China.
1101
01:20:16,529 --> 01:20:19,080
Today, the nuclear missile site
1102
01:20:19,080 --> 01:20:21,731
is run by a Buddhist
organization,
1103
01:20:21,731 --> 01:20:24,999
the Soka Gakkai,
as a peace museum.
1104
01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:30,714
In 1962, the atomic weapons,
1105
01:20:30,714 --> 01:20:32,886
that were on the missile,
1106
01:20:32,886 --> 01:20:35,999
was almost launched.
1107
01:20:36,612 --> 01:20:37,802
They were almost launched?
1108
01:20:37,802 --> 01:20:42,308
Yeah, according to the spokesman
of this military base,
1109
01:20:42,308 --> 01:20:46,328
said they were ordered
to prepare.
1110
01:20:46,328 --> 01:20:49,999
Then we received second
order to stop it.
1111
01:20:52,000 --> 01:20:54,000
One of the American servicemen
1112
01:20:54,000 --> 01:20:57,495
whose job was to fire
the Mace missiles
1113
01:20:57,495 --> 01:21:01,163
has since revealed that
China was a nuclear target
1114
01:21:01,163 --> 01:21:05,999
during the Cuban missile
crisis in 1962.
1115
01:21:06,616 --> 01:21:10,935
We were told that we had
to launch all the missiles.
1116
01:21:10,935 --> 01:21:13,784
But we only had one missile
headed towards Russia
1117
01:21:13,784 --> 01:21:15,196
and we did not see why
1118
01:21:15,196 --> 01:21:17,791
we should have to involve
the other countries.
1119
01:21:17,791 --> 01:21:22,667
The captain suggested that
everybody crack the doors open
1120
01:21:22,667 --> 01:21:26,352
so it would take less
time to launch the missile
1121
01:21:26,352 --> 01:21:29,072
if the doors were cracked open.
1122
01:21:32,300 --> 01:21:33,863
One of the launch crews
1123
01:21:33,863 --> 01:21:36,873
was on the point
of firing their missiles
1124
01:21:36,873 --> 01:21:41,545
when a duty officer suspected
the order was false.
1125
01:21:41,545 --> 01:21:43,054
The officer that
was on the B side
1126
01:21:43,054 --> 01:21:46,506
was told to send two
men over there with 45's
1127
01:21:46,506 --> 01:21:48,194
and to shoot anybody
that tried to launch
1128
01:21:48,194 --> 01:21:52,796
until the situation was resolved.
1129
01:21:52,796 --> 01:21:55,600
And it would only take
like 15, 20 seconds
1130
01:21:55,600 --> 01:21:59,498
to run the distance between
the two command centers.
1131
01:21:59,498 --> 01:22:03,287
So those two men kept
that whole crew at bay
1132
01:22:03,287 --> 01:22:06,537
while we made a decision
as what to do.
1133
01:22:09,957 --> 01:22:12,779
And it wasn't very long,
maybe two or three seconds later
1134
01:22:12,779 --> 01:22:16,450
where a very nervous major
came over the intercom
1135
01:22:16,450 --> 01:22:20,867
issuing the stand down order.
1136
01:22:22,091 --> 01:22:26,258
And then we just kind of
looked at each other, like
1137
01:22:27,425 --> 01:22:31,444
we could have exterminated
the whole planet.
1138
01:22:33,941 --> 01:22:36,610
The major who had given
the launch order
1139
01:22:36,610 --> 01:22:38,805
was quietly court-martialed
1140
01:22:38,805 --> 01:22:41,555
and dismissed from the Air Force.
1141
01:22:43,091 --> 01:22:45,464
That morning is just
as familiar to me
1142
01:22:45,464 --> 01:22:48,238
and as clear
as yesterday morning is.
1143
01:22:48,238 --> 01:22:50,386
And this is 53 years later
1144
01:22:50,386 --> 01:22:52,806
and how clear blue the sky was
1145
01:22:52,806 --> 01:22:55,861
and there was just
some very light clouds
1146
01:22:55,861 --> 01:22:58,213
and there was a perfect
breeze blowing
1147
01:22:58,213 --> 01:22:59,542
at the perfect temperature.
1148
01:22:59,542 --> 01:23:00,935
I did not know what
the temperature was,
1149
01:23:00,935 --> 01:23:03,135
but it just felt perfect.
1150
01:23:03,135 --> 01:23:05,351
And we were all just kind
of taking it in
1151
01:23:05,351 --> 01:23:07,757
and taking in
the smell of the air
1152
01:23:07,757 --> 01:23:11,251
and the sea and the land
mixture together
1153
01:23:11,251 --> 01:23:13,447
and everything smelled
so beautiful.
1154
01:23:14,447 --> 01:23:18,174
This is very interesting
because it shows
1155
01:23:18,174 --> 01:23:24,341
the cities in China where these
Mace missiles were aimed at.
1156
01:23:25,454 --> 01:23:28,567
Which ones do we have here?
1157
01:23:28,567 --> 01:23:30,400
This Okinawa Island.
1158
01:23:31,459 --> 01:23:40,331
So within 2000 kilometers
you find Peking, or Beijing,
1159
01:23:40,331 --> 01:23:45,157
Xi'an, Jiuzhaigou,
Hong Kong, Shanghai,
1160
01:23:45,157 --> 01:23:50,990
Taiwan and Taipei,
and Pyongyang, North Korea.
1161
01:23:51,165 --> 01:23:53,999
Within the range of missile.
1162
01:24:30,777 --> 01:24:32,000
This is the work of
1163
01:24:32,000 --> 01:24:35,333
the Okinawan sculptor,
Kinjo Minoru.
1164
01:24:36,330 --> 01:24:40,164
It's a tribute to the
suffering and resistance
1165
01:24:40,164 --> 01:24:42,581
of the people of this island.
1166
01:25:06,493 --> 01:25:11,666
More than a 1000 miles away
on the Korean island of Jeju,
1167
01:25:12,398 --> 01:25:16,413
these symbols of struggle
are hauntingly similar.
1168
01:25:16,413 --> 01:25:20,554
The work of Korean sculptor
Koh Gil-chun,
1169
01:25:20,554 --> 01:25:24,999
represents another fight of
island people for freedom.
1170
01:25:35,790 --> 01:25:39,443
A semi-tropical sanctuary
of unusual beauty,
1171
01:25:39,443 --> 01:25:42,898
Jeju Island is
a world heritage site.
1172
01:25:43,600 --> 01:25:46,888
The government of South
Korea declared it
1173
01:25:46,888 --> 01:25:49,777
an island of world peace.
1174
01:25:55,398 --> 01:25:58,326
But on this island of peace
has been built
1175
01:25:58,326 --> 01:26:02,819
one of the most provocative
military bases in the world,
1176
01:26:02,819 --> 01:26:06,652
less than 400 miles from Shanghai.
1177
01:26:11,008 --> 01:26:14,101
Like Okinawa and
the Marshall Islands,
1178
01:26:14,101 --> 01:26:17,732
this is America's
frontline in it's so-called
1179
01:26:17,732 --> 01:26:19,666
"Pivot to Asia."
1180
01:26:22,032 --> 01:26:25,605
Here in once unspoiled
Gangjeong Village,
1181
01:26:25,605 --> 01:26:28,370
the South Korean Navy
has built a base
1182
01:26:28,370 --> 01:26:30,997
for American aircraft carriers,
1183
01:26:30,997 --> 01:26:34,900
nuclear submarines,
and destroyers
1184
01:26:34,900 --> 01:26:37,568
equipped with the Aegis
ballistic missile
1185
01:26:37,568 --> 01:26:40,735
aimed at China's defenses.
1186
01:26:43,317 --> 01:26:49,176
China's lifelines to the world
in oil, trade, resources,
1187
01:26:49,176 --> 01:26:51,603
depend on shipping
that comes through
1188
01:26:51,603 --> 01:26:54,666
chokepoints like this.
1189
01:26:55,865 --> 01:26:57,917
The US pivot into
the Asian-Pacific
1190
01:26:57,917 --> 01:27:00,841
is really intended
to create the ability
1191
01:27:00,841 --> 01:27:02,888
to put a loaded gun
to the head of China
1192
01:27:02,888 --> 01:27:06,323
and say, you will do as we say
1193
01:27:06,323 --> 01:27:08,430
otherwise we will be
able to restrict.
1194
01:27:08,430 --> 01:27:10,974
We'll be able to shut down,
choke off
1195
01:27:10,974 --> 01:27:14,641
your importation of oil
and other resources.
1196
01:27:30,580 --> 01:27:32,333
For nine years, every day,
1197
01:27:32,333 --> 01:27:35,510
often twice a day,
these Catholic priests
1198
01:27:35,510 --> 01:27:38,152
have staged a mass
that blocked the gates
1199
01:27:38,152 --> 01:27:41,628
of the new military base
on Jeju Island.
1200
01:27:54,331 --> 01:27:56,996
In a country where
political demonstrations
1201
01:27:56,996 --> 01:28:01,397
can be easily banned,
unlike powerful religions,
1202
01:28:01,397 --> 01:28:05,994
the tactic has produced
this spectacle of resistance.
1203
01:28:25,496 --> 01:28:28,777
Father Mun Jeong-hyeon
has led the fight
1204
01:28:28,777 --> 01:28:31,110
to stop the base being built
1205
01:28:33,864 --> 01:28:37,531
and several times
suffered serious injuries.
1206
01:28:59,075 --> 01:29:01,832
I sing four songs everyday.
1207
01:29:01,832 --> 01:29:04,675
Before the Mass, during the
Mass, at the end of the Mass
1208
01:29:04,675 --> 01:29:07,444
and the end of the rosary.
1209
01:29:09,596 --> 01:29:12,400
The content of song
is very beautiful.
1210
01:29:12,701 --> 01:29:18,114
The writer and composer
is the musician
1211
01:29:18,114 --> 01:29:20,200
from this island.
1212
01:29:20,729 --> 01:29:24,234
I love him very much and
he gave me their song
1213
01:29:24,234 --> 01:29:27,734
which I practiced
and I became a master
1214
01:29:27,734 --> 01:29:31,884
to sing that song because
I practice everyday.
1215
01:29:31,884 --> 01:29:35,878
You sing it with such passion.
1216
01:29:44,865 --> 01:29:46,267
Sometimes we just wait.
1217
01:29:46,267 --> 01:29:48,988
Typhoon, typhoon strike!
1218
01:29:48,988 --> 01:29:50,263
Do you sing then?
1219
01:29:50,263 --> 01:29:52,980
Do you have a Mass
when the typhoons strike?
1220
01:29:52,980 --> 01:29:53,813
Oh yes.
1221
01:29:55,538 --> 01:29:56,705
No exceptions.
1222
01:29:58,974 --> 01:30:01,465
What will happen
1223
01:30:01,465 --> 01:30:04,138
if this base becomes operational?
1224
01:30:04,138 --> 01:30:06,541
They have destroyed
the environment,
1225
01:30:06,541 --> 01:30:09,433
they destroy the life
of all of us.
1226
01:30:09,433 --> 01:30:14,600
We should be witness of their
oppression and violence.
1227
01:30:15,182 --> 01:30:16,130
Why do they do it?
1228
01:30:16,130 --> 01:30:20,776
They'd like to rule the Pacific
area, the whole area.
1229
01:30:20,776 --> 01:30:25,222
They'd like to make China
isolated in this globe.
1230
01:30:26,776 --> 01:30:31,666
The US government want to
be in power of this world.
1231
01:30:36,675 --> 01:30:39,532
Meanwhile, a Quaker
called Mr. Oh
1232
01:30:39,532 --> 01:30:42,991
joins them with his own
ritual of protest,
1233
01:30:42,991 --> 01:30:46,658
accompanied by an artist
called Wild Flower.
1234
01:32:31,000 --> 01:32:33,861
This is the center of an empire
1235
01:32:33,861 --> 01:32:36,332
that never speaks its name,
1236
01:32:36,332 --> 01:32:40,795
whose power is represented in
this extraordinary world map
1237
01:32:40,795 --> 01:32:43,045
of American military bases.
1238
01:32:48,099 --> 01:32:51,496
4000 bases in the United States,
1239
01:32:51,496 --> 01:32:55,496
almost 1000 bases spread
across every continent.
1240
01:32:59,494 --> 01:33:01,379
The archipelago of empire,
1241
01:33:01,379 --> 01:33:03,606
the bases that we have
around the world
1242
01:33:03,606 --> 01:33:08,625
hidden in plain sight are the
real territory of our empire
1243
01:33:08,625 --> 01:33:13,435
but at the same time we maintain
independent governments
1244
01:33:13,435 --> 01:33:16,352
in Japan or South Korea
or Germany.
1245
01:33:17,665 --> 01:33:19,855
They don't have autonomy when
it comes to foreign policy.
1246
01:33:19,855 --> 01:33:23,695
So it's a very sophisticated
and effective system
1247
01:33:23,695 --> 01:33:27,004
whereby we pat ourselves
on the back for
1248
01:33:27,004 --> 01:33:31,038
helping to midwife
democracy in Japan
1249
01:33:31,038 --> 01:33:34,124
and Germany and South Korea
and various other places
1250
01:33:34,124 --> 01:33:37,394
while keeping the lid
on in that we don't know
1251
01:33:37,394 --> 01:33:39,223
what these countries
would do if they were
1252
01:33:39,223 --> 01:33:40,845
fully independent.
1253
01:33:40,845 --> 01:33:42,579
And the beauty of
this system is that
1254
01:33:42,579 --> 01:33:44,522
most people pay
no attention to it at all.
1255
01:33:44,522 --> 01:33:46,777
They think it's just
a natural occurrence
1256
01:33:46,777 --> 01:33:50,716
to have 50,000 American
troops in Japan.
1257
01:33:50,716 --> 01:33:54,541
There's no country that has
better anti-imperial credit…
1258
01:33:54,541 --> 01:33:57,000
cred than the United States.
1259
01:33:57,000 --> 01:33:58,555
And we are not
trying to recreate
1260
01:33:58,555 --> 01:34:02,222
the glories of
the British Empire.
1261
01:34:02,333 --> 01:34:05,187
We're arguing that
the world is round.
1262
01:34:05,187 --> 01:34:07,104
We have a global policy
1263
01:34:08,638 --> 01:34:12,800
and all nations
have global rights.
1264
01:34:13,081 --> 01:34:15,695
No ocean has ever been dominated
1265
01:34:15,695 --> 01:34:20,444
the way the US dominates
the Pacific, Navy and Air Force.
1266
01:34:21,283 --> 01:34:24,764
They claim that in the
Pearl Harbor headquarters
1267
01:34:24,764 --> 01:34:29,145
of the Pacific Command,
they claim to be responsible
1268
01:34:29,145 --> 01:34:33,086
for 52 percent of
the Earth's surface.
1269
01:34:33,086 --> 01:34:35,912
And when you look at their logo,
1270
01:34:35,912 --> 01:34:38,860
it shows an eagle over
the Aleutian Islands
1271
01:34:38,860 --> 01:34:41,556
with one tail coming down
somewhere near Seattle
1272
01:34:41,556 --> 01:34:44,700
and the other coming
down right over Beijing.
1273
01:34:44,700 --> 01:34:50,146
So Beijing looks at
a network of bases,
1274
01:34:50,146 --> 01:34:52,232
a real archipelago of empire
1275
01:34:52,232 --> 01:34:54,896
that's been built up
since the Korean War.
1276
01:34:54,896 --> 01:34:57,573
You have had and still have
1277
01:34:57,573 --> 01:35:02,069
an arc of bases that
start in Australia
1278
01:35:02,069 --> 01:35:03,166
and go through the Pacific…
1279
01:35:03,166 --> 01:35:04,035
No.
1280
01:35:04,035 --> 01:35:05,866
We have no bases in Australia.
1281
01:35:05,866 --> 01:35:08,025
You have Pine Gap,
you have Darwin…
1282
01:35:08,025 --> 01:35:09,118
No.
1283
01:35:09,118 --> 01:35:10,983
And you have a new facility
in Western Australia.
1284
01:35:10,983 --> 01:35:12,664
No, to speak precisely,
1285
01:35:12,664 --> 01:35:15,834
we have no military
bases in Australia.
1286
01:35:15,834 --> 01:35:23,449
What we do is operate
with and in Australian bases.
1287
01:35:23,449 --> 01:35:27,282
But we're not in the basing
business nowadays.
1288
01:35:31,375 --> 01:35:33,919
There's a growing collection
of what are referred to as
1289
01:35:33,919 --> 01:35:35,777
"lilypad bases."
1290
01:35:36,142 --> 01:35:40,373
These are bases that have
typically two, 300 troops,
1291
01:35:40,373 --> 01:35:44,149
no family members,
very few amenities,
1292
01:35:44,149 --> 01:35:46,115
and they are often
quite secretive.
1293
01:35:46,115 --> 01:35:48,137
They are bases that are
frequently constructed
1294
01:35:48,137 --> 01:35:51,705
within a foreign country's
base to disguise it
1295
01:35:51,705 --> 01:35:55,779
and generally are not
referred to as bases.
1296
01:35:55,779 --> 01:35:57,860
Many of these bases
have been set up
1297
01:35:57,860 --> 01:36:02,777
to combat China's worldwide
economic influence.
1298
01:36:05,175 --> 01:36:09,989
From these bases, the United
States operates a secret army
1299
01:36:09,989 --> 01:36:12,999
in 147 countries.
1300
01:36:14,188 --> 01:36:15,614
If you're gonna be
a free country
1301
01:36:15,614 --> 01:36:18,391
rather than give in to every
gangster regime in the world,
1302
01:36:18,391 --> 01:36:20,217
you're gonna have to take a risk.
1303
01:36:20,217 --> 01:36:22,997
'Cause the gangsters,
they want to eliminate
1304
01:36:22,997 --> 01:36:26,251
good people in the world
so they can…
1305
01:36:26,251 --> 01:36:29,989
and in China, they want to
dominate all of the Far East,
1306
01:36:29,989 --> 01:36:31,035
they want to dominate.
1307
01:36:31,035 --> 01:36:33,954
Just like Japan wanted
to before World War Two.
1308
01:36:33,954 --> 01:36:36,543
Their goal was to dominate
that part of the world.
1309
01:36:36,543 --> 01:36:41,597
Today, because there's been
no political reform in Beijing,
1310
01:36:41,597 --> 01:36:46,087
these guys want to dominate
a huge chunk of the planet.
1311
01:36:46,920 --> 01:36:49,109
Andrew Krepinevich served on
1312
01:36:49,109 --> 01:36:51,643
America's National Defense Panel.
1313
01:36:51,643 --> 01:36:55,689
He's a military strategist
and war planner.
1314
01:36:55,689 --> 01:36:59,296
You've written that
airstrikes and naval blockades
1315
01:36:59,296 --> 01:37:02,999
have a role to play
in punishing China.
1316
01:37:04,000 --> 01:37:08,498
You've described the need
for sea mines.
1317
01:37:08,498 --> 01:37:11,126
You've described the need
for special forces,
1318
01:37:11,126 --> 01:37:15,999
US Special Forces,
and missiles placed on islands.
1319
01:37:16,562 --> 01:37:19,274
This sounds like
a preparation for war.
1320
01:37:19,274 --> 01:37:21,663
Our first president,
George Washington,
1321
01:37:21,663 --> 01:37:24,680
said that if you want
peace, prepare for war.
1322
01:37:24,680 --> 01:37:28,151
And essentially what the United
States is doing again
1323
01:37:28,151 --> 01:37:32,777
is responding to provocative
behavior on the part of China.
1324
01:37:33,177 --> 01:37:35,792
And just as we did
in the Cold War,
1325
01:37:35,792 --> 01:37:41,483
the idea was to have
a position of military strength
1326
01:37:41,483 --> 01:37:43,375
such that your adversaries
were not tempted
1327
01:37:43,375 --> 01:37:46,005
to act in aggressive ways or
1328
01:37:46,005 --> 01:37:48,572
try and employ coercion
to get their way.
1329
01:37:48,572 --> 01:37:53,090
Just last week the US Navy
sent a guided missile destroyer
1330
01:37:53,090 --> 01:37:58,676
into the Spratly Islands,
the South China Sea.
1331
01:37:58,676 --> 01:38:01,636
And what was different
about this, I think,
1332
01:38:01,636 --> 01:38:05,182
was that Chinese
fighters scrambled.
1333
01:38:05,182 --> 01:38:07,845
That sounds like an escalator.
1334
01:38:07,845 --> 01:38:10,428
Well again, from
an American prospective,
1335
01:38:10,428 --> 01:38:12,423
the escalation was
that the Chinese
1336
01:38:12,423 --> 01:38:15,666
beginning to militarize these
islands in the first place,
1337
01:38:15,666 --> 01:38:19,892
moving its military capabilities
down into that region,
1338
01:38:19,892 --> 01:38:21,804
engaging in provocative
behavior against
1339
01:38:21,804 --> 01:38:26,981
the commercial activities
and military forces of
1340
01:38:26,981 --> 01:38:28,637
other minor countries
in the region
1341
01:38:28,637 --> 01:38:30,740
that have claim to those islands.
1342
01:38:30,740 --> 01:38:34,364
So it's a response to
Chinese intimidation rather…
1343
01:38:34,364 --> 01:38:38,201
Excuse me, how is
commerce being intimidated
1344
01:38:38,201 --> 01:38:40,339
in the South China Sea?
1345
01:38:40,339 --> 01:38:42,029
There have been
no military forces,
1346
01:38:42,029 --> 01:38:43,596
no military bases there.
1347
01:38:43,596 --> 01:38:44,714
The Chinese…
1348
01:38:44,714 --> 01:38:46,846
Except the United States
military base.
1349
01:38:46,846 --> 01:38:48,100
Not in the South China Sea.
1350
01:38:48,100 --> 01:38:49,709
Not even in
the Philippines because
1351
01:38:49,709 --> 01:38:52,178
the United States withdrew
its forces in the Philippines.
1352
01:38:52,178 --> 01:38:55,008
But the United States is
back in the Philippines.
1353
01:38:55,008 --> 01:38:57,271
The Philippines and the United
States have announced
1354
01:38:57,271 --> 01:39:00,057
five different locations
scattered all throughout
1355
01:39:00,057 --> 01:39:01,997
the Philippines where
US troops will
1356
01:39:01,997 --> 01:39:05,640
be stationed on
a rotational basis.
1357
01:39:05,640 --> 01:39:08,133
This threat to China
from yet more
1358
01:39:08,133 --> 01:39:12,289
US bases on its doorstep
was not an issue
1359
01:39:12,289 --> 01:39:16,536
when an arbitration tribunal
ruled against China's claims
1360
01:39:16,536 --> 01:39:21,999
to the strategic Spratly Islands
in the South China Sea.
1361
01:39:22,668 --> 01:39:27,710
In 2015, the US Navy
rehearsed a blockade
1362
01:39:27,710 --> 01:39:30,465
that would cut China's
lifelines of oil
1363
01:39:30,465 --> 01:39:33,398
and trade and raw materials.
1364
01:39:34,129 --> 01:39:37,879
The danger of confrontation
grows by the day.
1365
01:39:40,262 --> 01:39:43,432
The US Navy is
on the doorstep of China
1366
01:39:43,432 --> 01:39:45,985
regardless of disputed islands
1367
01:39:45,985 --> 01:39:49,353
and is there with
low-draft ships,
1368
01:39:49,353 --> 01:39:51,888
planes, battle groups.
1369
01:39:52,089 --> 01:39:54,449
It's right on the doorsteps.
1370
01:39:54,449 --> 01:39:55,781
What of Chinese ships?
1371
01:39:55,781 --> 01:39:59,765
What if the equivalent
was off California?
1372
01:39:59,765 --> 01:40:03,724
Well John, we ask ourselves
that question regularly.
1373
01:40:03,724 --> 01:40:08,591
And it's important to put
yourself in the other guy's shoes.
1374
01:40:08,906 --> 01:40:10,285
So look.
1375
01:40:10,285 --> 01:40:15,899
We don't operate in
the Pacific in an effort
1376
01:40:15,899 --> 01:40:20,633
to scare China, to contain
China, to backfoot China.
1377
01:40:20,633 --> 01:40:24,005
Our operations and our presence,
1378
01:40:24,005 --> 01:40:28,322
first of all, is warmly
welcomed by the vast majority
1379
01:40:28,322 --> 01:40:31,568
of the coastal states,
but secondly,
1380
01:40:31,568 --> 01:40:34,127
is fully accepted by the Chinese.
1381
01:40:34,127 --> 01:40:35,414
Time after time…
1382
01:40:35,414 --> 01:40:38,387
Excuse me,
is it fully accepted?
1383
01:40:38,387 --> 01:40:40,809
Yes, by their words.
1384
01:40:40,809 --> 01:40:42,176
The Chinese leaders…
1385
01:40:42,176 --> 01:40:45,936
My impression is that
they're scared.
1386
01:40:45,936 --> 01:40:48,987
And this is what
they're scared of.
1387
01:40:48,987 --> 01:40:51,987
A noose of bases
right around China.
1388
01:40:56,805 --> 01:41:01,855
Missiles, bombers,
drones, warships.
1389
01:41:01,855 --> 01:41:05,444
A provocation of war.
1390
01:41:06,843 --> 01:41:11,410
Today, I state clearly
and with conviction.
1391
01:41:11,410 --> 01:41:14,917
America's commitment to seek
the peace and security
1392
01:41:14,917 --> 01:41:17,396
of a world without
nuclear weapons.
1393
01:41:20,822 --> 01:41:22,222
Under Obama,
1394
01:41:22,222 --> 01:41:25,042
nuclear warhead spending
has risen higher
1395
01:41:25,042 --> 01:41:29,925
than under any president
since the end of the Cold War.
1396
01:41:29,925 --> 01:41:32,574
It's all a magician's
show because
1397
01:41:32,574 --> 01:41:35,918
at the same time that Obama
is talking about that,
1398
01:41:35,918 --> 01:41:37,947
not only is he spending
a trillion dollars
1399
01:41:37,947 --> 01:41:40,684
to modernize US nuclear forces,
1400
01:41:40,684 --> 01:41:42,954
but he's deploying these
missile defense systems
1401
01:41:42,954 --> 01:41:44,885
to encircle Russia and China,
1402
01:41:44,885 --> 01:41:47,201
which makes it impossible to
1403
01:41:47,201 --> 01:41:49,837
get rid of nuclear
weapons in that climate.
1404
01:41:49,837 --> 01:41:52,891
Everybody wants to look
like they're tough.
1405
01:41:52,891 --> 01:41:54,270
See, I gotta be tough.
1406
01:41:54,270 --> 01:41:57,081
I'm not afraid of doing
anything military.
1407
01:41:57,081 --> 01:41:58,383
I'm not afraid of threatening.
1408
01:41:58,383 --> 01:42:00,840
I'm a hairy-chested gorilla.
1409
01:42:00,840 --> 01:42:04,540
And you don't want to look
like you're weak,
1410
01:42:04,540 --> 01:42:08,707
so what you do is you talk
more and more aggressively
1411
01:42:10,499 --> 01:42:13,096
and if you don't want
to do it yourself,
1412
01:42:13,096 --> 01:42:16,976
because you maybe think it
doesn't look very presidential,
1413
01:42:16,976 --> 01:42:20,476
you let somebody under you
do the talking.
1414
01:42:22,459 --> 01:42:25,203
The United States has
gotten into a situation
1415
01:42:25,203 --> 01:42:30,120
where there's a lot of
military saber-rattling
1416
01:42:30,120 --> 01:42:34,208
and it's really being
orchestrated from the top.
1417
01:42:34,208 --> 01:42:39,386
Yeah, that seems incredibly
dangerous, all of this.
1418
01:42:39,386 --> 01:42:43,023
That's an understatement,
I think, but I agree.
1419
01:42:43,023 --> 01:42:45,423
When you routinely plan
for mass murder,
1420
01:42:45,423 --> 01:42:47,197
you become conditioned to it.
1421
01:42:47,197 --> 01:42:48,552
That's what this is.
1422
01:42:48,552 --> 01:42:49,655
We accept it.
1423
01:42:49,655 --> 01:42:51,493
Oh yeah, we have nuclear weapons.
1424
01:42:51,493 --> 01:42:54,261
The Defense Secretary,
he's just announced
1425
01:42:54,261 --> 01:42:58,104
that there will be
warships and special forces
1426
01:42:58,104 --> 01:43:00,891
and planes sent
to the Philippines
1427
01:43:00,891 --> 01:43:03,792
and the Wall Street Journal
has described this as
1428
01:43:03,792 --> 01:43:09,996
"the vanguard of a major US
presence in Southeast Asia."
1429
01:43:09,996 --> 01:43:10,829
That sounds like…
1430
01:43:10,829 --> 01:43:12,740
Where does this end?
1431
01:43:12,740 --> 01:43:14,169
What's the purpose?
1432
01:43:14,169 --> 01:43:16,663
I mean, where are we going
to stop this process
1433
01:43:16,663 --> 01:43:19,271
before it starts a war?
1434
01:43:19,271 --> 01:43:21,740
And then if the war starts,
where does that end?
1435
01:44:06,777 --> 01:44:09,800
The scientific studies that
I teach by the scientists
1436
01:44:09,800 --> 01:44:11,897
that predict that
the Earth can be made
1437
01:44:11,897 --> 01:44:14,162
essentially uninhabitable
from nuclear war,
1438
01:44:14,162 --> 01:44:16,724
the scientists have been begging
the Obama administration…
1439
01:44:16,724 --> 01:44:18,123
well, they wouldn't say begging.
1440
01:44:18,123 --> 01:44:19,910
But they have made
multiple requests
1441
01:44:19,910 --> 01:44:21,804
to meet with them and
discuss these predictions
1442
01:44:21,804 --> 01:44:23,008
because they're
peer-reviewed studies
1443
01:44:23,008 --> 01:44:25,941
and they've been turned
down over and over again.
1444
01:44:25,941 --> 01:44:27,489
They've been
peripherally told that,
1445
01:44:27,489 --> 01:44:29,795
well we don't think
the long-term
1446
01:44:29,795 --> 01:44:31,989
environmental consequences
of nuclear war
1447
01:44:31,989 --> 01:44:33,445
are all that important
if the immediate effects
1448
01:44:33,445 --> 01:44:35,803
of nuclear war don't stop it.
1449
01:44:35,803 --> 01:44:38,222
That the long-term environmental
consequences of nuclear war
1450
01:44:38,222 --> 01:44:41,479
are liable to wipe out
the human race.
1451
01:44:41,479 --> 01:44:43,055
In one exchange,
1452
01:44:43,055 --> 01:44:47,161
nuclear exchange between
the US and China,
1453
01:44:47,161 --> 01:44:49,744
what could be the consequences?
1454
01:44:50,100 --> 01:44:51,300
Well let me just
give you an example
1455
01:44:51,300 --> 01:44:54,850
of what one Chinese four
or five megaton warhead
1456
01:44:54,850 --> 01:44:59,395
would do to a city in the
United States if it got through.
1457
01:44:59,395 --> 01:45:01,773
The detonation of
that weapon over a city
1458
01:45:01,773 --> 01:45:03,473
would instantly ignite about
1459
01:45:03,473 --> 01:45:06,140
six or 700 square miles on fire.
1460
01:45:07,235 --> 01:45:09,203
And within 20 to 30 minutes,
1461
01:45:09,203 --> 01:45:10,634
all of those fires would coalesce
1462
01:45:10,634 --> 01:45:12,972
into a single gigantic firestorm.
1463
01:45:12,972 --> 01:45:14,186
There would be no escape from it.
1464
01:45:14,186 --> 01:45:16,670
So all the people
there would perish.
1465
01:45:16,670 --> 01:45:17,958
So the US, with say,
1466
01:45:17,958 --> 01:45:22,000
hundreds of nuclear
weapons on Chinese cities.
1467
01:45:22,000 --> 01:45:24,835
When you combine all the smoke
1468
01:45:24,835 --> 01:45:27,218
from these nuclear
weapons detonating,
1469
01:45:27,218 --> 01:45:29,739
it actually creates
millions of tons of smoke.
1470
01:45:29,739 --> 01:45:33,129
Black carbon smoke that'll
rise above cloud level
1471
01:45:33,129 --> 01:45:35,314
into the stratosphere,
it's heated by the sun,
1472
01:45:35,314 --> 01:45:37,057
it acts like a solar collector.
1473
01:45:37,057 --> 01:45:38,451
And that smoke, because of that,
1474
01:45:38,451 --> 01:45:41,638
will stay there for
10 years or longer.
1475
01:45:41,638 --> 01:45:43,107
And what the smoke does
is it blocks
1476
01:45:43,107 --> 01:45:46,417
warming sunlight from reaching
the surface of the earth
1477
01:45:46,417 --> 01:45:49,711
and it becomes so cold in
a matter of just a couple of weeks
1478
01:45:49,711 --> 01:45:52,377
that the temperature
will fall below freezing
1479
01:45:52,377 --> 01:45:55,127
every day for one to three years.
1480
01:45:57,617 --> 01:45:59,800
And it will become
too cold to grow food crops
1481
01:45:59,800 --> 01:46:02,467
for at least 10 years or longer.
1482
01:46:12,748 --> 01:46:14,645
I mean, there's like
a total disconnect
1483
01:46:14,645 --> 01:46:16,396
with the changing world.
1484
01:46:16,396 --> 01:46:20,917
You have a giant rising power,
in this case, China.
1485
01:46:20,917 --> 01:46:22,919
Why would you expect
a giant rising power
1486
01:46:22,919 --> 01:46:26,256
to not want to have more
control over its destiny?
1487
01:46:26,256 --> 01:46:27,798
What we should be
doing in my view
1488
01:46:27,798 --> 01:46:32,993
is trying to cultivate a sense
of friendship and cooperation
1489
01:46:32,993 --> 01:46:34,995
and we can have
our differences with them.
1490
01:46:34,995 --> 01:46:36,325
If we think they're
doing something in trade
1491
01:46:36,325 --> 01:46:39,487
that we don't like,
let's have it out with them.
1492
01:46:39,487 --> 01:46:40,903
But this saber-rattling is
1493
01:46:40,903 --> 01:46:42,821
the worst thing
we can possibly do.
1494
01:46:48,270 --> 01:46:52,981
It is time to show
the whole world
1495
01:46:52,981 --> 01:46:55,006
that America is back.
1496
01:46:55,006 --> 01:47:01,173
Bigger, and better,
and stronger than ever before.
1497
01:47:01,783 --> 01:47:05,581
We don't have victories anymore.
1498
01:47:05,581 --> 01:47:08,007
We used to have victories,
but we don't have 'em.
1499
01:47:08,007 --> 01:47:12,917
When was the last time
anybody saw us beating,
1500
01:47:12,917 --> 01:47:14,888
let's say China?
1501
01:47:15,330 --> 01:47:18,417
In a trade deal, they kill us.
1502
01:47:18,417 --> 01:47:21,440
We can't continue to allow China
1503
01:47:21,440 --> 01:47:24,183
to rape our country, and that's
what they're doing.
1504
01:47:24,183 --> 01:47:28,123
It's the greatest theft
in the history of the world.
1505
01:47:31,000 --> 01:47:34,071
The new president, Donald Trump,
1506
01:47:34,071 --> 01:47:36,154
has a problem with China.
1507
01:47:37,000 --> 01:47:39,375
The urgent question now is,
1508
01:47:39,375 --> 01:47:42,575
will Trump continue
with the provocations
1509
01:47:42,575 --> 01:47:47,555
revealed in this film and take us
all to the edge of war?
1510
01:47:50,407 --> 01:47:53,671
There never have been
two countries
1511
01:47:53,671 --> 01:47:55,904
more interdependent
on each other
1512
01:47:55,904 --> 01:47:58,654
than China and the US in history.
1513
01:48:00,546 --> 01:48:02,295
And China is the largest
trading nation
1514
01:48:02,295 --> 01:48:04,719
in the world and in history.
1515
01:48:04,719 --> 01:48:08,327
So China's economy and their
societies, their lives,
1516
01:48:08,327 --> 01:48:11,910
are linked to the entire world.
1517
01:48:12,236 --> 01:48:14,865
Including America and the West
and all the other countries.
1518
01:48:14,865 --> 01:48:17,358
So I think interdependence
between these two countries
1519
01:48:17,358 --> 01:48:21,085
and among all the nations
of the world,
1520
01:48:21,085 --> 01:48:23,047
speak to peace.
1521
01:48:54,024 --> 01:48:55,922
We don't have to accept the word
1522
01:48:55,922 --> 01:48:59,663
of those who conjure up
threats and false enemies
1523
01:48:59,663 --> 01:49:03,555
to justify the business
and profit of war
1524
01:49:03,900 --> 01:49:08,014
if we recognize there
is another superpower,
1525
01:49:08,014 --> 01:49:09,700
and that's us.
1526
01:49:09,700 --> 01:49:13,840
Ordinary people everywhere,
like the people of Okinawa,
1527
01:49:13,840 --> 01:49:16,992
Jeju Island,
the Marshall Islands,
1528
01:49:16,992 --> 01:49:19,999
China, the United States.
1529
01:49:20,264 --> 01:49:24,431
By speaking out, they deliver
a warning to all of us.
1530
01:49:26,051 --> 01:49:29,884
Can we really afford
to be silent?
1530
01:49:32,500 --> 01:49:40,500
Improved By Namikage120530
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