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Tourism.
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It's considered
a wonderful break
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00:02:01,254 --> 00:02:02,522
from the real world.
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00:02:08,294 --> 00:02:10,463
Unmonitored
tourism has apparently damaged
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00:02:10,530 --> 00:02:11,764
the nation's coastline.
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00:02:11,831 --> 00:02:14,000
One last photo,
one last chance
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00:02:14,067 --> 00:02:16,736
for hundreds of tourists
to visit Maya Bay.
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00:02:17,370 --> 00:02:19,606
The beach is being
put out of bounds
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00:02:19,672 --> 00:02:22,041
after years
of unrestricted tourism.
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00:02:27,213 --> 00:02:29,549
Holidays become
cheaper and more people
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00:02:29,616 --> 00:02:31,551
flood into tourism hot-spots.
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00:02:31,618 --> 00:02:33,920
Over-tourism
and environmental degradation.
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00:02:33,987 --> 00:02:36,122
Twenty million
visit each year.
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00:02:36,189 --> 00:02:38,224
Three quarters of them
only stay for 24 hours.
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00:02:38,291 --> 00:02:39,659
All these tourists
end up drunk...
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00:02:42,595 --> 00:02:44,297
...there are
just too many tourists.
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00:02:44,364 --> 00:02:45,932
...see
the same sights,
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00:02:45,999 --> 00:02:48,167
their impact is devastating.
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00:02:50,370 --> 00:02:52,372
Dude, holy shit.
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00:02:56,743 --> 00:02:57,710
She and
another tourist
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00:02:57,777 --> 00:02:59,512
are accused of spray-painting
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00:02:59,579 --> 00:03:01,280
graffiti on an ancient wall.
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00:03:01,347 --> 00:03:04,150
Tourism
can kill a place.
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00:03:04,217 --> 00:03:06,052
A place that was so beautiful
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00:03:06,119 --> 00:03:10,523
can become overused,
exploited and trashed.
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00:03:11,357 --> 00:03:13,960
Most tourism has led
to destruction.
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00:03:14,027 --> 00:03:16,329
It led to the destruction
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00:03:16,396 --> 00:03:18,464
of the very things
that they've come to see.
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00:03:18,531 --> 00:03:20,600
Every year,
thousands of Brits
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00:03:20,667 --> 00:03:22,201
visit Thailand
and loads of them
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00:03:22,268 --> 00:03:24,537
can't wait to get a picture
with the local tigers.
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00:03:25,371 --> 00:03:26,939
A tourist has
been caught on camera
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00:03:27,006 --> 00:03:28,908
carrying a dolphin on a beach.
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00:03:28,975 --> 00:03:30,643
- It's almost a disposable
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00:03:30,710 --> 00:03:32,378
engagement in economy.
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00:03:36,249 --> 00:03:38,051
- You live with a certain
set of values at home.
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00:03:38,117 --> 00:03:39,585
Why would you suspend
those values
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00:03:39,652 --> 00:03:40,787
when you decide
to take a holiday?
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00:03:42,321 --> 00:03:43,790
It's a different
set of behaviour principles.
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00:03:43,856 --> 00:03:46,592
We're hedonistic when we travel.
We tend to have more showers.
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00:03:46,659 --> 00:03:49,696
We tend to be more wasteful,
we tend to eat more.
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00:03:49,762 --> 00:03:52,832
The tourist
industry is a huge cash cow.
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00:03:52,899 --> 00:03:54,333
But locals don't see
much of that revenue.
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00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:56,069
The exploitation
of the working class
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00:03:56,135 --> 00:03:58,204
by the hotel industry...
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00:03:58,271 --> 00:04:00,440
We have people
who say these volunteer trips
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00:04:00,506 --> 00:04:03,743
abroad are sometimes
only about the photo-ops.
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00:04:07,113 --> 00:04:09,682
Travel is in a very
unfortunate state,
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00:04:09,749 --> 00:04:11,551
at the moment.
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00:04:11,617 --> 00:04:13,886
As tourists, we're just such
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00:04:13,953 --> 00:04:15,588
unconscious consumers.
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00:04:24,197 --> 00:04:25,998
Like a lot
of travellers,
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00:04:26,065 --> 00:04:27,734
I started out as a backpacker.
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00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:28,935
In Africa,
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00:04:29,001 --> 00:04:31,170
when I travelled to Asia,
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00:04:31,237 --> 00:04:35,041
late '70s, I was already
starting to see
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00:04:35,108 --> 00:04:37,076
negative impacts of tourism.
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00:04:37,143 --> 00:04:40,046
So it set me off looking
for the unspoiled.
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00:04:40,113 --> 00:04:44,050
The uncharted.
And that eventually led me
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00:04:44,117 --> 00:04:46,152
to a place called Ko Pha Ngan
in Thailand.
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00:04:46,219 --> 00:04:49,689
When I arrived in Ko Pha Ngan
in 1979,
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00:04:49,756 --> 00:04:54,260
I was the first tourist
to have arrived on that beach.
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00:04:54,327 --> 00:04:56,863
There was one Thai family,
a fisherman, living there.
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00:04:56,929 --> 00:04:59,832
His name was Sonboom.
And his wife Chom.
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00:04:59,899 --> 00:05:01,801
And I stayed with them
for three months
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00:05:01,868 --> 00:05:03,569
and it was magical.
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00:05:03,636 --> 00:05:06,706
And I made a little map
of that location.
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00:05:06,773 --> 00:05:10,977
And unfortunately,
I shared that with one person,
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00:05:11,043 --> 00:05:12,512
who was my girlfriend
at the time,
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00:05:12,578 --> 00:05:15,047
and that map found
its way to others,
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00:05:15,114 --> 00:05:17,517
and soon, other tourists
began arriving.
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00:05:17,984 --> 00:05:20,419
Now, I never went back,
but in 1993,
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00:05:20,486 --> 00:05:22,922
I opened a
New York Times magazine
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00:05:22,989 --> 00:05:25,024
and I was stunned.
75
00:05:25,825 --> 00:05:27,460
I saw a photograph
of the beach
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00:05:27,527 --> 00:05:30,029
with thousands
and thousands of people
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00:05:30,096 --> 00:05:32,965
celebrating something called
the Full Moon party.
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00:05:33,032 --> 00:05:34,333
It was out of control.
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00:05:34,400 --> 00:05:36,836
Masses of trash.
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00:05:36,903 --> 00:05:39,172
Out of control development.
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00:05:40,239 --> 00:05:42,675
It ripped... ripped me apart
from inside.
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00:05:42,742 --> 00:05:47,079
To think that from the time
I had arrived there in 1979,
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00:05:47,146 --> 00:05:50,850
within a period of ten years,
this place was being
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00:05:50,917 --> 00:05:53,219
utterly and totally destroyed.
85
00:06:06,199 --> 00:06:07,800
We have got to get
tourism right,
86
00:06:07,867 --> 00:06:09,335
because if we don't,
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00:06:09,402 --> 00:06:13,606
we're going to see Ko Pha Ngan
reproduced around the world.
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00:06:32,959 --> 00:06:34,393
- One hour?
89
00:06:34,460 --> 00:06:35,328
- Yeah.
90
00:06:41,434 --> 00:06:42,435
- Wow.
91
00:08:54,033 --> 00:08:56,669
We are born explorers.
92
00:08:57,770 --> 00:09:00,706
We have a carnal desire
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00:09:00,773 --> 00:09:02,408
to want to travel.
94
00:09:03,576 --> 00:09:05,277
You know, people dream
about travel.
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00:09:05,344 --> 00:09:06,645
Our ancestors
were all explorers.
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00:09:06,712 --> 00:09:08,481
People risked their lives
to travel, originally.
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00:09:09,648 --> 00:09:11,384
Travel opens
our eyes, and we learn
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00:09:11,450 --> 00:09:13,019
so much about the world
99
00:09:13,085 --> 00:09:14,420
and about ourselves.
100
00:09:15,454 --> 00:09:18,724
Travel. It's a sense
of our innate curiosity.
101
00:09:22,294 --> 00:09:25,164
We're driven by a desire
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00:09:25,231 --> 00:09:27,366
to experience and to learn.
103
00:09:50,122 --> 00:09:51,791
We were born
to explore.
104
00:09:51,857 --> 00:09:53,359
We were born to want
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00:09:53,426 --> 00:09:55,861
to seek out new experiences.
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00:09:56,328 --> 00:09:57,763
Learn from other cultures.
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00:09:59,665 --> 00:10:02,301
And somewhere along the way,
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00:10:02,368 --> 00:10:03,436
you become a tourist.
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00:10:04,236 --> 00:10:06,906
You become someone
who is disconnected
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00:10:06,972 --> 00:10:09,775
from the very place
you're travelling to.
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00:10:10,509 --> 00:10:12,378
This is
the way to travel.
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00:10:14,246 --> 00:10:16,449
Relax and enjoy yourself.
113
00:10:18,451 --> 00:10:20,386
Yes, this is the way to travel.
114
00:10:20,886 --> 00:10:24,323
- Back in the 1950s,
when world tourism,
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00:10:24,390 --> 00:10:26,726
mass tourism was just beginning,
the first jets
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00:10:26,792 --> 00:10:28,761
were crossing
the Atlantic ocean,
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00:10:28,828 --> 00:10:32,865
there were 25 million
international trips a year.
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00:10:34,100 --> 00:10:37,336
Last year, that number
was 1.3 billion.
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00:10:40,139 --> 00:10:42,508
That's a multiplication
of 52 times.
120
00:10:46,712 --> 00:10:48,781
The jumbos
are coming.
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00:10:48,848 --> 00:10:50,916
Heathrow airport took
the arrival of the world's
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00:10:50,983 --> 00:10:53,152
first fully loaded
jumbo-jet aircraft,
123
00:10:53,219 --> 00:10:56,455
which will revolutionize
the future of civil aviation.
124
00:10:56,522 --> 00:10:57,890
Captain Jess Tranter
and his crew
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00:10:57,957 --> 00:10:59,592
brought the first jumbo
from the States
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00:10:59,658 --> 00:11:01,127
in just over
six-and-a-half hours.
127
00:11:01,193 --> 00:11:06,265
With the advent
of mass air travel in the 1960s,
128
00:11:06,332 --> 00:11:08,934
747, when it was inaugurated,
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00:11:09,001 --> 00:11:12,438
was three times bigger
than any public airplane before,
130
00:11:12,505 --> 00:11:14,406
so we've gone through a journey
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00:11:14,473 --> 00:11:16,075
of global mass travel.
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00:11:17,510 --> 00:11:18,811
Today, with technology,
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00:11:18,878 --> 00:11:21,981
you can find ways
to get to pretty much
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00:11:22,047 --> 00:11:23,916
any part of the world, now.
135
00:11:25,050 --> 00:11:27,853
The world has become
an oyster for the masses.
136
00:11:31,991 --> 00:11:33,492
Over-tourism is
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00:11:33,559 --> 00:11:34,794
simply too many people
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00:11:34,860 --> 00:11:37,329
in the same place
at the same time.
139
00:11:37,396 --> 00:11:39,098
The increase in visitors
to the point
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00:11:39,165 --> 00:11:40,833
where it is too much
141
00:11:40,900 --> 00:11:42,768
for the landscape
and the environment.
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00:11:42,835 --> 00:11:45,404
It's too much for
the local residents.
143
00:11:45,471 --> 00:11:46,939
So, you're seeing examples of it
144
00:11:47,006 --> 00:11:48,674
in what are sometimes called
"honeypot destinations."
145
00:11:48,741 --> 00:11:51,710
They're places that people
just really want to go.
146
00:11:51,777 --> 00:11:54,146
Places that
used to be protected
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00:11:54,213 --> 00:11:55,748
are becoming more accessible.
148
00:11:55,814 --> 00:11:57,750
- Places that are really
being loved to death.
149
00:11:57,817 --> 00:12:00,553
We're having an infinitely
growing number of tourists
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00:12:00,619 --> 00:12:02,021
going to finite places
151
00:12:02,087 --> 00:12:05,024
that are exactly the same size
they were back in 1950.
152
00:12:05,090 --> 00:12:08,561
- It's this fascinating history,
because it has
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00:12:08,627 --> 00:12:12,431
everything to do with
what was a great success:
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00:12:12,498 --> 00:12:13,799
the end of the Cold War.
155
00:12:13,866 --> 00:12:15,868
Literally half of the world
had been cut off
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00:12:15,935 --> 00:12:17,736
from the other half
during the Cold War.
157
00:12:17,803 --> 00:12:20,372
One of the first things
the end of the Cold War did
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00:12:20,439 --> 00:12:23,175
was open borders
around the world,
159
00:12:23,242 --> 00:12:26,545
and with those open borders,
trade.
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00:12:26,612 --> 00:12:28,848
Around the globe,
you saw the growth
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00:12:28,914 --> 00:12:29,982
of the middle-class.
162
00:12:30,049 --> 00:12:33,185
All of this within
literally about a decade.
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00:12:33,252 --> 00:12:34,820
This is astonishing.
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00:12:34,887 --> 00:12:36,689
We have emerging
markets such as China and India
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00:12:36,755 --> 00:12:38,457
coming onto the scene,
in terms of
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00:12:38,524 --> 00:12:39,858
the affordability of travel.
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00:12:39,925 --> 00:12:42,228
Simultaneously,
we had a great
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00:12:42,294 --> 00:12:44,563
technological leap,
the Internet.
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00:12:44,630 --> 00:12:47,800
Tourism is not an elite
hobby anymore.
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00:12:47,866 --> 00:12:50,569
Tourism has become
a global industry.
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00:12:50,636 --> 00:12:53,872
This industry is
covering our entire planet.
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00:12:53,939 --> 00:12:56,275
Eighty percent
of the world's countries
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00:12:56,342 --> 00:13:00,012
count tourism in their top five
foreign exchange revenues.
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00:13:00,746 --> 00:13:02,881
One out of ten jobs
in the planet
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00:13:02,948 --> 00:13:06,352
is connected to the travel
and tourism industry.
176
00:13:06,418 --> 00:13:08,220
- There's more travellers,
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00:13:08,287 --> 00:13:10,022
it's easier and cheaper
to travel,
178
00:13:10,089 --> 00:13:12,524
and the way we experience,
and our expectations
179
00:13:12,591 --> 00:13:14,193
for what we want when we travel
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00:13:14,260 --> 00:13:15,728
have changed.
181
00:14:26,532 --> 00:14:28,500
The advent
of social media
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00:14:28,567 --> 00:14:30,636
has completely changed
the way we travel.
183
00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:32,972
We're going after a photograph
184
00:14:33,038 --> 00:14:34,773
rather than actually truly
having experience.
185
00:14:36,041 --> 00:14:37,843
Holidays are
a status symbol.
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00:14:37,910 --> 00:14:40,579
You work hard and you earn
that vacation with your family
187
00:14:40,646 --> 00:14:42,281
once a year.
188
00:14:42,348 --> 00:14:43,215
It's status.
189
00:14:49,288 --> 00:14:52,091
- Twenty-nine percent
of millennial travellers
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00:14:52,157 --> 00:14:54,526
said they wouldn't go
to a destination
191
00:14:54,593 --> 00:14:56,662
if they couldn't post
about it on Instagram.
192
00:15:16,181 --> 00:15:18,517
People see their friends
193
00:15:18,584 --> 00:15:20,686
who have taken a picture
of themselves
194
00:15:20,753 --> 00:15:22,654
in a beautiful spot,
and it spreads,
195
00:15:22,721 --> 00:15:23,989
and it goes viral
and then everybody
196
00:15:24,056 --> 00:15:26,725
wants to go to that same
beautiful spot.
197
00:15:26,792 --> 00:15:30,829
- Social media's become
the ultimate tasting menu.
198
00:15:30,896 --> 00:15:32,765
Some of
the most isolated
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00:15:32,831 --> 00:15:35,200
and fragile areas are now
200
00:15:35,267 --> 00:15:37,536
getting inundated with people
who just simply
201
00:15:37,603 --> 00:15:38,971
really want to say,
202
00:15:39,037 --> 00:15:40,172
"I was here."
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00:15:41,273 --> 00:15:43,342
Is that
our tourism industry?
204
00:15:44,109 --> 00:15:46,779
Are we just travelling
for the iconic photo?
205
00:15:47,713 --> 00:15:49,782
Or are we really trying
to truly change
206
00:15:49,848 --> 00:15:51,917
the way that we learn,
and gain,
207
00:15:51,984 --> 00:15:55,020
and benefit, and become
enriched from travel?
208
00:18:00,879 --> 00:18:02,481
Right now,
209
00:18:02,548 --> 00:18:04,850
two cruise ships are there,
and I can't believe
210
00:18:04,917 --> 00:18:06,652
nothing is out here,
211
00:18:06,718 --> 00:18:08,253
it's just as dry as you see it.
212
00:18:10,022 --> 00:18:11,690
And it's not only today,
213
00:18:11,757 --> 00:18:13,492
it's always,
for a good while, now.
214
00:18:13,559 --> 00:18:15,260
It's about five years now
215
00:18:15,327 --> 00:18:17,329
we have no season,
and the cruise ships
216
00:18:17,396 --> 00:18:20,132
come in always,
and nothing for the locals.
217
00:18:20,198 --> 00:18:23,135
So I keep on wondering
what is going on for us.
218
00:18:24,336 --> 00:18:27,239
- Over two months I have not
made a sale at my store.
219
00:18:27,306 --> 00:18:28,774
My rent is just piling up
220
00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:30,742
and I can't make no money.
221
00:18:31,677 --> 00:18:34,179
- We are not benefiting
from tourism.
222
00:18:34,246 --> 00:18:36,582
Tourist, we don't
get from the cruise ships,
223
00:18:36,648 --> 00:18:38,483
they're coming to Montego Bay.
224
00:19:17,990 --> 00:19:20,359
Embrace the sun
on the largest racetrack
225
00:19:20,425 --> 00:19:23,562
at sea, zooming past
Alaska's glaciers.
226
00:19:23,629 --> 00:19:25,530
Or pristine Caribbean beaches.
227
00:19:27,065 --> 00:19:29,501
- You know,
when you find yourself,
228
00:19:29,568 --> 00:19:32,137
on a go-kart track
on a cruise ship
229
00:19:32,204 --> 00:19:35,474
in the middle of an ocean
and they've sold it to you,
230
00:19:35,540 --> 00:19:38,477
at some point you got to think,
"This is kinda weird."
231
00:19:43,815 --> 00:19:46,051
- The cruise ship business model
it to basically
232
00:19:46,118 --> 00:19:47,486
keep the money,
not surprisingly,
233
00:19:47,552 --> 00:19:49,021
flowing back to the ship.
234
00:19:57,229 --> 00:19:58,897
- There's seminars
on how to go shopping.
235
00:20:00,732 --> 00:20:03,402
To fulfil your diamond wardrobe.
236
00:20:05,237 --> 00:20:06,838
Making sure
you have a thread count
237
00:20:06,905 --> 00:20:08,974
in your bed sheets,
and you have amenities
238
00:20:09,041 --> 00:20:10,642
in your bathroom,
and you have five swimming pools
239
00:20:10,709 --> 00:20:11,643
and six restaurants
to choose from,
240
00:20:11,710 --> 00:20:13,111
and you can be in the Caribbean,
241
00:20:13,178 --> 00:20:14,546
make sure you still get
Italian food.
242
00:20:16,248 --> 00:20:18,717
Maybe we should just
think of another word for it,
243
00:20:18,784 --> 00:20:21,153
'cause it's not travel anymore,
244
00:20:21,219 --> 00:20:23,255
'cause you're being transplanted
from one Western environment
245
00:20:23,321 --> 00:20:24,656
to another Western environment.
246
00:20:24,723 --> 00:20:27,626
So let's just call it
a transfer of environments.
247
00:20:28,393 --> 00:20:31,129
Most of the tours
that they take onshore
248
00:20:31,196 --> 00:20:32,898
are sold actually on the ship,
249
00:20:32,964 --> 00:20:34,499
and the ship takes
a hefty commission.
250
00:20:34,566 --> 00:20:36,001
A tour costs 80 dollars,
251
00:20:36,068 --> 00:20:39,604
40 dollars of that goes back
to the ship as a commission.
252
00:20:39,671 --> 00:20:40,906
In addition to that,
253
00:20:40,972 --> 00:20:43,208
there are designated
shops and restaurants
254
00:20:43,275 --> 00:20:45,177
on shore that the cruise lines
255
00:20:45,243 --> 00:20:47,746
have done arrangements with,
so every time you shop
256
00:20:47,813 --> 00:20:49,147
at one of those stores,
257
00:20:49,214 --> 00:20:50,982
the cruise lines
get a commission.
258
00:20:55,887 --> 00:20:57,556
You arrive,
you're given
259
00:20:57,622 --> 00:21:01,259
a little map of where
you're supposed to shop
260
00:21:01,326 --> 00:21:03,929
and warned not to shop
anywhere else,
261
00:21:03,995 --> 00:21:05,764
because you can't trust
the locals.
262
00:21:22,347 --> 00:21:25,684
It's the exact opposite
of a real experience.
263
00:21:27,319 --> 00:21:29,788
- The reality is that
there have been
264
00:21:29,855 --> 00:21:31,490
surveys of visitors,
265
00:21:31,556 --> 00:21:34,392
and when you look at,
"How important is it
266
00:21:34,459 --> 00:21:39,197
that a particular resort
or tour operator
267
00:21:39,264 --> 00:21:41,333
is keeping locals in mind?"
268
00:21:41,400 --> 00:21:42,934
It's actually
269
00:21:43,001 --> 00:21:46,238
ten percent that consider that.
270
00:21:48,874 --> 00:21:51,042
Travel has taken a turn
271
00:21:51,109 --> 00:21:54,012
and the destination
is no longer relevant.
272
00:21:56,581 --> 00:21:57,883
I was born in Trinidad,
273
00:21:57,949 --> 00:21:59,251
I can speak firsthand,
274
00:21:59,317 --> 00:22:01,653
there's a tension that's built
between local people
275
00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:02,854
and the tourist,
276
00:22:02,921 --> 00:22:04,256
and that tension is being used
277
00:22:04,322 --> 00:22:06,491
by the tour operators
to build compound walls.
278
00:22:08,293 --> 00:22:10,762
Pushing more and more people
into isolation
279
00:22:10,829 --> 00:22:12,831
because they're saying,
"Don't leave these walls,
280
00:22:12,898 --> 00:22:14,366
because the natives
are restless."
281
00:22:15,834 --> 00:22:18,003
Because they are restless,
because they're not benefiting
282
00:22:18,069 --> 00:22:20,138
from the fact that
you're living in luxury,
283
00:22:20,205 --> 00:22:21,606
consuming mass amounts
of resources,
284
00:22:21,673 --> 00:22:23,408
but outside of those walls
there's not access
285
00:22:23,475 --> 00:22:26,611
to medical care
or clean drinking water.
286
00:22:27,712 --> 00:22:28,814
Traditionally,
287
00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,116
tourism has been
a one-way conversation.
288
00:22:37,355 --> 00:22:39,925
The people
who change your bed,
289
00:22:39,991 --> 00:22:42,027
clean your room,
wait on your table,
290
00:22:42,093 --> 00:22:44,996
their wages are not
very good at all.
291
00:22:45,564 --> 00:22:49,734
So you have a very
wealthy industry that...
292
00:22:50,602 --> 00:22:52,103
...pays very low.
293
00:22:52,170 --> 00:22:55,207
Fifty dollars a month
for a waiter.
294
00:22:56,141 --> 00:22:57,542
- On the one hand,
travel has been
295
00:22:57,609 --> 00:23:00,111
the source of money,
and on the other one,
296
00:23:00,178 --> 00:23:02,047
work has been the source
of profit,
297
00:23:02,113 --> 00:23:04,049
and that you just
treat them like objects
298
00:23:04,115 --> 00:23:05,584
being exploited.
299
00:23:21,967 --> 00:23:24,002
- All-inclusive travel packages
300
00:23:24,069 --> 00:23:26,438
deny host communities.
301
00:23:26,504 --> 00:23:28,373
They don't just deny
them revenue,
302
00:23:28,440 --> 00:23:30,208
they deny them even
the richness
303
00:23:30,275 --> 00:23:32,744
of integration with travellers.
304
00:23:51,997 --> 00:23:53,298
How will tourism
305
00:23:53,365 --> 00:23:55,901
connect cultures
when we have
306
00:23:55,967 --> 00:23:58,370
all-inclusive packages
that keep you
307
00:23:58,436 --> 00:24:00,639
in your hotel in one place?
308
00:24:16,354 --> 00:24:19,090
Indeed, tourism can be
309
00:24:19,157 --> 00:24:20,558
a great distributor of wealth...
310
00:24:21,927 --> 00:24:23,762
Only if we manage
311
00:24:23,828 --> 00:24:26,031
the distribution of the revenue
312
00:24:26,097 --> 00:24:27,933
that comes from tourism.
313
00:24:27,999 --> 00:24:29,301
If we don't do that,
314
00:24:29,367 --> 00:24:31,436
tourism will not contribute
315
00:24:31,503 --> 00:24:33,638
to development in destinations.
316
00:25:02,067 --> 00:25:03,234
I'll use a typical
317
00:25:03,301 --> 00:25:05,236
Kenyan example.
318
00:25:07,205 --> 00:25:09,140
You're going to Maasai Mara
in Kenya.
319
00:25:09,207 --> 00:25:10,442
If my trip costs
320
00:25:10,508 --> 00:25:13,445
5000 $, I book a whole package,
321
00:25:13,511 --> 00:25:16,848
how much of that 5000
ends up
322
00:25:16,915 --> 00:25:18,283
in Maasai Mara
323
00:25:18,350 --> 00:25:20,485
where you lodge,
it's located,
324
00:25:20,552 --> 00:25:23,021
and where you will
enjoy your safari?
325
00:25:27,225 --> 00:25:29,728
- In a case like Kenya,
only 14 percent
326
00:25:29,794 --> 00:25:31,296
of every dollar that's spent
in the country,
327
00:25:31,363 --> 00:25:32,497
stays in the country.
328
00:25:32,564 --> 00:25:35,333
The other 86 percent
leaves the country
329
00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:38,203
in terms of foreign ownership
by hotels, or airlines,
330
00:25:38,269 --> 00:25:39,804
or transportation,
in terms of food
331
00:25:39,871 --> 00:25:41,740
that needs to be brought in
from somewhere else.
332
00:25:41,806 --> 00:25:43,475
Anything that the country
does not keep
333
00:25:43,541 --> 00:25:45,744
in their local pocket
is called leakage.
334
00:25:58,023 --> 00:26:00,191
What has been
the case in Cambodia
335
00:26:00,258 --> 00:26:03,528
and in other countries too
is that a lot
336
00:26:03,595 --> 00:26:05,430
of the foreign hotel chains
will simply
337
00:26:05,497 --> 00:26:07,332
build their hotels,
338
00:26:07,399 --> 00:26:08,466
import the food,
339
00:26:08,533 --> 00:26:10,802
import all kinds of things,
340
00:26:10,869 --> 00:26:14,305
and take up that space
so the locals aren't doing it.
341
00:26:14,372 --> 00:26:16,875
So that you are changing
342
00:26:16,941 --> 00:26:19,044
what that city or place is
343
00:26:19,110 --> 00:26:21,112
by making it foreign
and not local.
344
00:26:21,179 --> 00:26:22,981
You're depriving the locals
345
00:26:23,048 --> 00:26:24,749
of a lot of economic space
346
00:26:24,816 --> 00:26:26,851
and cultural space.
347
00:26:27,652 --> 00:26:30,789
Most of the money goes
to international companies.
348
00:26:49,874 --> 00:26:52,744
- Tourism has created
consumption patterns...
349
00:26:54,612 --> 00:26:56,815
...in the minds of the traveller
350
00:26:56,881 --> 00:26:59,784
that need to be deconstructed
a little bit.
351
00:26:59,851 --> 00:27:04,322
We have to change our mindsets
about travel.
352
00:27:11,096 --> 00:27:12,363
- If you're going to Africa,
353
00:27:12,430 --> 00:27:14,766
especially with the rise
of luxury travel,
354
00:27:14,833 --> 00:27:19,170
to go into a luxury lodge
and have gourmet meals,
355
00:27:19,237 --> 00:27:21,639
and sit in
your air conditioning,
356
00:27:21,706 --> 00:27:23,775
and then in your ride in
from the airport,
357
00:27:23,842 --> 00:27:25,910
you may have seen
living conditions
358
00:27:25,977 --> 00:27:29,614
which really can be
quite devastating...
359
00:27:33,518 --> 00:27:34,986
And this is absolutely
360
00:27:35,053 --> 00:27:36,788
a bubble that you're in.
361
00:27:39,457 --> 00:27:40,925
- The leakage is huge.
362
00:27:42,127 --> 00:27:44,996
Tourism can perpetuate poverty
363
00:27:45,063 --> 00:27:48,466
by not integrating communities,
and you find,
364
00:27:48,533 --> 00:27:51,569
unfortunately,
for some destinations,
365
00:27:51,636 --> 00:27:55,206
the most acclaimed tourism
destinations
366
00:27:55,273 --> 00:27:57,542
also have the highest
levels of poverty.
367
00:27:57,609 --> 00:28:00,545
But why does it happen?
Because they were never
368
00:28:00,612 --> 00:28:03,648
integrated into the tourism
value chain.
369
00:28:44,522 --> 00:28:47,959
We talk about tourism
creating jobs
370
00:28:48,026 --> 00:28:49,294
in destinations.
371
00:28:50,061 --> 00:28:52,063
But we never question
what kind of jobs.
372
00:28:57,602 --> 00:28:59,637
- One dollar for one.
373
00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:03,541
- Please, one dollar.
374
00:29:03,608 --> 00:29:05,677
- One dollar. Yeah, one dollar.
375
00:29:13,218 --> 00:29:15,853
- It's important
to pay attention
376
00:29:15,920 --> 00:29:20,291
to how tourism impacts
the developing world
377
00:29:20,358 --> 00:29:22,360
because of the vulnerability
378
00:29:22,427 --> 00:29:24,229
of the populations that live
379
00:29:24,295 --> 00:29:26,097
in tourism destinations.
380
00:29:26,164 --> 00:29:28,299
This is unlike the west, right?
381
00:29:28,366 --> 00:29:29,968
Where tourism still happens,
382
00:29:30,034 --> 00:29:32,370
but their host
communities are not
383
00:29:32,437 --> 00:29:34,072
as vulnerable.
384
00:29:49,254 --> 00:29:51,456
These vulnerable populations
385
00:29:51,522 --> 00:29:54,259
live on a day-to-day basis.
386
00:29:54,325 --> 00:29:56,194
It's about survival every day.
387
00:29:58,463 --> 00:29:59,530
And they can be exploited
388
00:29:59,597 --> 00:30:01,532
by any economic activity,
389
00:30:01,599 --> 00:30:05,236
because they desperately
are in need
390
00:30:05,303 --> 00:30:06,838
of transforming their lives.
391
00:30:18,716 --> 00:30:21,419
Their ability to question
392
00:30:21,486 --> 00:30:23,655
and to challenge capitalists
393
00:30:23,721 --> 00:30:26,491
and government policy
becomes very difficult.
394
00:30:27,091 --> 00:30:28,293
Asia,
395
00:30:28,359 --> 00:30:31,029
Africa, South America.
396
00:30:31,929 --> 00:30:34,732
This is where this crossroads,
397
00:30:34,799 --> 00:30:37,235
this critical crossroads
of poverty,
398
00:30:37,302 --> 00:30:40,605
indigenous culture
and biodiversity
399
00:30:40,672 --> 00:30:42,373
are all found in the same place,
400
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:44,742
and this is where tourism
401
00:30:44,809 --> 00:30:46,711
is going into right now.
402
00:30:47,679 --> 00:30:49,213
We're travelling
to some of the most
403
00:30:49,280 --> 00:30:51,015
in need countries in the world,
404
00:30:51,082 --> 00:30:53,818
yet people are coming
in and out of those countries
405
00:30:53,885 --> 00:30:55,219
and not benefiting
local communities.
406
00:30:55,286 --> 00:30:57,488
We, as tourists,
have kind of lost
407
00:30:57,555 --> 00:30:58,723
the plot, I think.
408
00:30:59,724 --> 00:31:00,959
We're at a tipping point.
409
00:31:01,025 --> 00:31:03,728
We have a fundamental
problem with tourism.
410
00:31:12,503 --> 00:31:14,138
The biggest
challenge facing
411
00:31:14,205 --> 00:31:16,407
the tourism industry today
412
00:31:16,474 --> 00:31:19,177
is the need for
a paradigm shift.
413
00:31:20,445 --> 00:31:22,547
A change in the way of thinking
414
00:31:22,613 --> 00:31:24,048
of how we do travel.
415
00:31:56,247 --> 00:31:59,917
You know, Machu Picchu
is a tourism hot-spot
416
00:31:59,984 --> 00:32:01,352
where there's hundreds
of thousands of people
417
00:32:01,419 --> 00:32:02,320
going there every year.
418
00:32:03,087 --> 00:32:04,622
Local communities migrate
to where there's jobs
419
00:32:04,689 --> 00:32:05,990
or opportunities.
420
00:32:06,057 --> 00:32:08,726
The Andean communities that live
in the rural areas,
421
00:32:08,793 --> 00:32:09,827
the younger generation
is moving
422
00:32:09,894 --> 00:32:11,162
to the cities for work.
423
00:32:13,631 --> 00:32:15,833
Working in retail stores
and restaurants,
424
00:32:15,900 --> 00:32:17,201
selling things on the street.
425
00:32:18,302 --> 00:32:19,537
Opportunities for them to stay
426
00:32:19,604 --> 00:32:22,106
within their communities
becomes an issue.
427
00:33:02,146 --> 00:33:04,348
In the area surrounding
Machu Picchu,
428
00:33:04,415 --> 00:33:05,583
there's very few
jobs available.
429
00:33:05,650 --> 00:33:06,818
So the travellers pay
430
00:33:06,884 --> 00:33:08,019
thousands of dollars
for their holidays,
431
00:33:08,085 --> 00:33:09,487
but outside of those
tourism hot-spots,
432
00:33:09,554 --> 00:33:10,655
they just drive right through
433
00:33:10,721 --> 00:33:12,089
and ignore all
the other communities.
434
00:39:47,985 --> 00:39:50,855
- For you, for you, for you!
435
00:39:54,191 --> 00:39:55,726
Do I take it?
436
00:40:07,004 --> 00:40:08,639
- Yeah!
437
00:40:10,875 --> 00:40:12,243
- Ah!
438
00:40:20,451 --> 00:40:22,620
Our research shows
that the people who are
439
00:40:22,686 --> 00:40:25,856
buying tickets to these
wildlife attractions
440
00:40:25,923 --> 00:40:27,291
are wildlife lovers.
441
00:40:29,293 --> 00:40:31,262
And they have no idea
that they're harming
442
00:40:31,328 --> 00:40:32,963
the very animals
they care about.
443
00:40:35,900 --> 00:40:39,904
- Actually, I'm really not sure
what's natural and what's not.
444
00:40:39,970 --> 00:40:41,672
I have less knowledge,
445
00:40:41,739 --> 00:40:44,775
and that makes it, for me,
really hard
446
00:40:44,842 --> 00:40:46,243
to have a great opinion
447
00:40:46,310 --> 00:40:49,380
about all the centres here.
448
00:40:50,281 --> 00:40:51,548
- Good afternoon!
449
00:40:58,155 --> 00:40:59,290
- What happens after the show?
450
00:40:59,356 --> 00:41:00,891
Actually, I think if
451
00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:02,259
they just do the show,
452
00:41:02,326 --> 00:41:05,162
and then they will go
453
00:41:05,229 --> 00:41:08,332
to a nice cage
with some forests,
454
00:41:08,399 --> 00:41:10,501
and they will be treated well.
455
00:41:10,567 --> 00:41:14,538
Then, I have less
of a bad feeling.
456
00:41:30,487 --> 00:41:32,790
- If that's how they live,
actually,
457
00:41:32,856 --> 00:41:34,425
I feel bad, yes.
458
00:41:36,360 --> 00:41:38,262
More than 500 000
animals are suffering
459
00:41:38,329 --> 00:41:40,097
around the world
for different types
460
00:41:40,164 --> 00:41:42,066
of tourist attractions.
461
00:41:42,132 --> 00:41:43,968
Just to entertain people.
462
00:41:58,015 --> 00:41:59,216
- Are you ready?
463
00:42:00,084 --> 00:42:01,285
Okay!
464
00:42:13,564 --> 00:42:15,099
It's completely
shocking.
465
00:42:15,165 --> 00:42:17,601
There's a lot of cruelty.
466
00:42:18,402 --> 00:42:20,671
Tigers bred for tourism.
467
00:42:20,738 --> 00:42:23,874
Exhibited sometimes
in very small enclosures
468
00:42:23,941 --> 00:42:25,609
or in cages.
469
00:42:26,343 --> 00:42:28,846
Tigers are used
for selfies.
470
00:42:30,014 --> 00:42:31,582
That tiger was likely drugged.
471
00:42:32,249 --> 00:42:34,151
And dolphin experiences
are also very popular
472
00:42:34,218 --> 00:42:36,653
in the Caribbean and Mexico.
473
00:42:39,390 --> 00:42:41,325
Elephants are still being
poached from the wild
474
00:42:41,392 --> 00:42:43,327
for tourists to ride them
or to force them
475
00:42:43,394 --> 00:42:46,196
to perform silly tricks
for people.
476
00:42:46,864 --> 00:42:48,999
You're seeing a very sad,
477
00:42:49,066 --> 00:42:51,869
distorted version
of that animal.
478
00:43:00,511 --> 00:43:01,845
- It's pretty grim.
479
00:43:01,912 --> 00:43:04,148
And those are the kinds
of things tourists
480
00:43:04,214 --> 00:43:05,649
need to learn about.
481
00:43:21,932 --> 00:43:24,501
We have travellers
who have knowledge
482
00:43:24,568 --> 00:43:27,905
about the places
they are visiting
483
00:43:27,971 --> 00:43:30,774
because they have sat
behind their computers,
484
00:43:30,841 --> 00:43:33,677
they have clicked
online travel agent,
485
00:43:33,744 --> 00:43:36,313
and been giving
a glossy picture
486
00:43:36,380 --> 00:43:37,981
of what everything is.
487
00:43:39,717 --> 00:43:43,087
But they are not aware
of what is happening,
488
00:43:43,153 --> 00:43:47,424
/about what they're dealing with
when they come to destinations.
489
00:43:54,031 --> 00:43:56,567
I think that tourism
that doesn't have knowledge
490
00:43:56,633 --> 00:44:00,471
about the people in destinations
that we travel to...
491
00:44:03,240 --> 00:44:04,942
...it is not travel.
492
00:44:07,478 --> 00:44:09,313
It becomes more of a holiday
493
00:44:09,379 --> 00:44:12,749
from the reality of places.
494
00:44:21,892 --> 00:44:24,328
Poverty is
one liability
495
00:44:24,394 --> 00:44:26,797
of marginalized communities.
496
00:44:26,864 --> 00:44:28,265
Gender inequality.
497
00:44:28,332 --> 00:44:30,400
These problems have
existed in the world
498
00:44:30,467 --> 00:44:32,269
for ages and ages.
499
00:44:32,336 --> 00:44:34,605
Tourism didn't cause
this problem.
500
00:44:34,671 --> 00:44:37,941
But every single person
who decides
501
00:44:38,008 --> 00:44:40,611
to become a tourist
has to make a choice.
502
00:44:41,512 --> 00:44:45,282
Whether I'm going to be part
of the solution, or not.
503
00:44:52,656 --> 00:44:53,991
Tourism is a big industry,
504
00:44:54,057 --> 00:44:57,661
I mean, it's a booming industry,
and more and more people
505
00:44:57,728 --> 00:44:59,429
are talking
about responsible tourism,
506
00:44:59,496 --> 00:45:00,931
sustainable tourism,
507
00:45:00,998 --> 00:45:02,933
They're talking about
how they can give back
508
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:06,203
to the communities,
and how they can make
509
00:45:06,270 --> 00:45:08,872
their experiences of travel
more meaningful.
510
00:45:09,606 --> 00:45:11,041
But there has to be
an interaction,
511
00:45:11,108 --> 00:45:13,677
there has to be sharing,
there has to be knowledge.
512
00:45:23,954 --> 00:45:25,389
It's when we travel
to different places,
513
00:45:25,455 --> 00:45:26,890
we learn about things.
514
00:45:28,559 --> 00:45:30,727
There are other worlds possible.
515
00:45:31,461 --> 00:45:34,131
There are other ways of being.
516
00:45:36,466 --> 00:45:39,102
You know, build an understanding
of the world
517
00:45:39,169 --> 00:45:42,005
which is so much more diverse
than where I live
518
00:45:42,072 --> 00:45:43,707
and what I know about.
519
00:46:40,931 --> 00:46:43,200
One in three
women globally
520
00:46:43,267 --> 00:46:45,569
has faced violence
in her lifetime.
521
00:46:45,636 --> 00:46:49,473
In India, more than 90 %
of the cases of violence
522
00:46:49,539 --> 00:46:51,475
that happened against women
are happening
523
00:46:51,541 --> 00:46:53,644
in their families
and communities.
524
00:46:53,710 --> 00:46:54,978
The reality is that
525
00:46:55,045 --> 00:46:57,748
the men's own homes
and their own communities
526
00:46:57,814 --> 00:47:00,584
are the most violent places
if you look at the records
527
00:47:00,651 --> 00:47:03,020
of crime against women
across the world.
528
00:47:03,520 --> 00:47:05,222
It's not just in India
that we are fighting
529
00:47:05,289 --> 00:47:06,690
against oppression.
530
00:47:09,559 --> 00:47:11,995
Can tourism be a part
of the solution?
531
00:48:37,347 --> 00:48:38,548
- For travellers,
532
00:48:38,615 --> 00:48:40,017
when you visit a place,
533
00:48:40,083 --> 00:48:43,019
you become part of that place
from the moment you arrive,
534
00:48:43,086 --> 00:48:45,789
by what you do,
where you spend your money,
535
00:48:45,856 --> 00:48:48,191
who you talk to,
how you behave.
536
00:48:48,258 --> 00:48:50,293
There's an interaction going on.
537
00:48:50,360 --> 00:48:52,529
This wallet is a vote,
538
00:48:52,596 --> 00:48:55,766
and every dollar
or euro you spend
539
00:48:55,832 --> 00:48:58,902
is sending a message,
"I like this, do more of it."
540
00:48:59,836 --> 00:49:01,805
- There are more than 3000
elephants suffering
541
00:49:01,872 --> 00:49:04,508
in tourist attractions
across Southeast Asia.
542
00:49:04,574 --> 00:49:05,876
In Vietnam,
543
00:49:05,942 --> 00:49:09,279
Cambodia, and Thailand
is really the hot-spot for this.
544
00:49:09,346 --> 00:49:11,882
What people don't realize
is the harsh treatment
545
00:49:11,948 --> 00:49:13,650
that the elephants
have to endure
546
00:49:13,717 --> 00:49:15,919
in order to accept
a person on their back.
547
00:49:32,836 --> 00:49:34,471
- It's horrific, really.
548
00:49:34,538 --> 00:49:37,741
I hate to tell people about it,
but I think people need to know
549
00:49:37,808 --> 00:49:41,778
that any elephant that's forced
to give tourists rides
550
00:49:41,845 --> 00:49:44,281
or perform circus-like
tricks for them
551
00:49:44,347 --> 00:49:46,750
was beaten into submission.
552
00:50:46,176 --> 00:50:47,911
Many elephants
experience
553
00:50:47,978 --> 00:50:50,046
post-traumatic stress disorder.
554
00:50:50,113 --> 00:50:53,116
You can see them rocking
back and forth, pacing.
555
00:50:53,183 --> 00:50:55,252
These are called
"stereotypical behaviours."
556
00:50:55,318 --> 00:50:58,288
We've never seen them
in the wild in elephants.
557
00:51:06,429 --> 00:51:09,633
And it's the same
with a chimpanzee, or a gorilla,
558
00:51:09,699 --> 00:51:11,501
or orangutan, or monkey.
559
00:51:11,568 --> 00:51:14,538
And lions and tigers.
560
00:51:14,604 --> 00:51:17,073
They become psychotic.
561
00:51:17,140 --> 00:51:19,509
They show very
abnormal behaviour.
562
00:51:19,576 --> 00:51:22,145
Pacing back and forth.
563
00:51:22,212 --> 00:51:23,880
And in the end,
564
00:51:23,947 --> 00:51:26,616
will become deeply depressed
565
00:51:26,683 --> 00:51:30,253
and just withdraw
into him or herself.
566
00:51:30,320 --> 00:51:31,721
Like a person would.
567
00:51:31,788 --> 00:51:34,457
You see the same
with orphaned children
568
00:51:34,524 --> 00:51:36,960
in some of these
terrible orphanages.
569
00:52:16,566 --> 00:52:18,969
- Adjective...
570
00:52:21,371 --> 00:52:24,307
Describes... Does that
describe a noun?
571
00:52:24,374 --> 00:52:26,276
What is a noun?
572
00:52:34,150 --> 00:52:37,020
I don't have any
teaching qualification,
573
00:52:37,087 --> 00:52:38,588
I've not done my
teaching English
574
00:52:38,655 --> 00:52:40,790
as a second language
qualification.
575
00:52:40,857 --> 00:52:42,592
It's not necessary,
if you want to spend time
576
00:52:42,659 --> 00:52:45,629
with the children, and enjoy
spending time with children,
577
00:52:45,695 --> 00:52:46,863
it's all you need.
578
00:52:46,930 --> 00:52:49,432
And a basic understanding
of English yourself.
579
00:52:49,499 --> 00:52:53,570
It's super easy to volunteer.
We emailed maybe...
580
00:52:53,637 --> 00:52:57,440
three weeks before coming
here at absolute most.
581
00:52:57,507 --> 00:53:00,510
Ferio called us the night before
to confirm times,
582
00:53:00,577 --> 00:53:03,913
make sure everything was all
okay and then, yeah.
583
00:53:03,980 --> 00:53:05,448
We were here within...
584
00:53:05,515 --> 00:53:06,916
twenty-four hours.
585
00:53:06,983 --> 00:53:08,618
It was so simple.
586
00:53:08,685 --> 00:53:10,420
It could not have been
any easier.
587
00:53:10,487 --> 00:53:12,989
- Volunteering is one of tourism
industry's
588
00:53:13,056 --> 00:53:14,090
fastest-growing trends,
589
00:53:14,157 --> 00:53:16,559
and it's often unregulated.
590
00:53:21,197 --> 00:53:25,001
About two billion dollars a year
are spent through voluntourism
591
00:53:25,068 --> 00:53:28,104
by sending out ten million
volunteers.
592
00:53:29,072 --> 00:53:31,408
- I spent my entire childhood
in institutional care.
593
00:53:31,474 --> 00:53:35,011
The number of volunteers that
came in through the doors...
594
00:53:35,512 --> 00:53:36,579
You lose count.
595
00:53:36,646 --> 00:53:38,348
There are so many.
596
00:53:38,415 --> 00:53:39,883
Imagine a bus load
of tourists
597
00:53:39,949 --> 00:53:43,286
coming into a school
and disturbing a class...
598
00:53:43,353 --> 00:53:44,954
- Guys, I found
the kindergarten.
599
00:53:45,021 --> 00:53:46,456
...to play
with the kids,
600
00:53:46,523 --> 00:53:48,091
to take selfies with them.
601
00:53:48,158 --> 00:53:50,126
- She's gonna let me
come see the babies.
602
00:53:50,193 --> 00:53:52,429
- I don't think they've ever
seen hair like mine before.
603
00:53:52,495 --> 00:53:54,164
- We can't really talk
to each other,
604
00:53:54,230 --> 00:53:55,598
but honestly, they just
want to touch you.
605
00:53:57,167 --> 00:53:59,369
- Sometimes, they give out
candy and then
606
00:53:59,436 --> 00:54:02,205
also expect the children
to do a performance for them.
607
00:54:02,272 --> 00:54:04,674
Would this happen
in your own country?
608
00:54:04,741 --> 00:54:07,210
Probably not.
So, why do tourists think
609
00:54:07,277 --> 00:54:10,280
it's okay to do it
in developing countries?
610
00:54:11,081 --> 00:54:13,717
See the saviour complex.
611
00:54:14,417 --> 00:54:18,021
This idea that you can go
abroad without skills,
612
00:54:18,088 --> 00:54:19,823
without qualifications,
613
00:54:19,889 --> 00:54:21,291
whether you know
the local language,
614
00:54:21,357 --> 00:54:23,560
have worked with
the issue before.
615
00:54:23,626 --> 00:54:27,097
It's rooted in this belief
that you can actually
616
00:54:27,163 --> 00:54:29,499
change societies
and communities.
617
00:54:29,566 --> 00:54:33,937
Let's be honest here.
This is neocolonialism.
618
00:54:34,003 --> 00:54:37,006
This is deeply rooted
in prejudice.
619
00:54:42,278 --> 00:54:43,646
- Beautiful.
620
00:54:43,713 --> 00:54:46,216
- Anything else?
White, beautiful?
621
00:54:48,585 --> 00:54:51,788
The visible impact
of voluntourism
622
00:54:51,855 --> 00:54:53,356
is what we see.
623
00:54:53,423 --> 00:54:56,760
It's the pictures from
those who went to the orphanage.
624
00:54:56,826 --> 00:54:59,496
It's the report
from the company.
625
00:54:59,562 --> 00:55:02,165
It's the amount
that was contributed,
626
00:55:02,232 --> 00:55:06,469
but there are invisible,
emotional impacts
627
00:55:06,536 --> 00:55:09,906
that happen when we go
to these places
628
00:55:09,973 --> 00:55:11,574
and leave.
629
00:55:11,641 --> 00:55:14,210
It's undocumented.
630
00:55:17,547 --> 00:55:20,216
Can you just tell me
where we are, where we're going?
631
00:55:20,283 --> 00:55:23,186
Uh, we are at...
632
00:55:23,253 --> 00:55:24,487
...a Children's Home.
633
00:55:24,554 --> 00:55:28,691
Here, I've been here
since I was in grade four.
634
00:55:28,758 --> 00:55:31,094
We were around 42 children.
635
00:55:31,161 --> 00:55:34,264
I've been here for eight years.
636
00:55:36,232 --> 00:55:38,101
And...
637
00:55:38,168 --> 00:55:40,670
Here, there was...
638
00:55:40,737 --> 00:55:42,505
This is where we used to play.
639
00:55:42,572 --> 00:55:46,309
And here, mostly where
the volunteers could come.
640
00:55:46,376 --> 00:55:48,978
Here, we could just
entertain them.
641
00:55:54,050 --> 00:55:56,753
In 2008, I boarded
an airplane
642
00:55:56,820 --> 00:55:58,888
from Toronto to Nairobi.
643
00:55:58,955 --> 00:56:01,624
I remember meeting Teresia
very well.
644
00:56:01,691 --> 00:56:05,895
Teresia was one of the older
girls at the orphanage.
645
00:56:05,962 --> 00:56:08,631
She was friendly,
she approached me.
646
00:56:08,698 --> 00:56:10,099
She cuddled with me.
647
00:56:10,166 --> 00:56:12,468
She wanted to talk to me,
play with my hair,
648
00:56:12,535 --> 00:56:14,604
braid my hair.
And I'll be honest,
649
00:56:14,671 --> 00:56:17,674
this just made me feel
absolutely wonderful.
650
00:56:59,282 --> 00:57:02,151
- Since 2005, in Cambodia,
651
00:57:02,218 --> 00:57:05,688
there's been a 75%
increase in orphanages,
652
00:57:05,755 --> 00:57:09,525
and this directly reflects
the tourism industry.
653
00:57:10,727 --> 00:57:13,363
So, what this 75% increase shows
654
00:57:13,429 --> 00:57:17,233
is that orphanage tourism
has become a lucrative business.
655
00:57:33,216 --> 00:57:35,218
The majority
of the orphanages
656
00:57:35,285 --> 00:57:37,287
follow a very similar pattern.
657
00:57:37,353 --> 00:57:39,989
So, you usually see a lot
of children
658
00:57:40,056 --> 00:57:41,557
in very dire conditions.
659
00:57:41,624 --> 00:57:43,359
The operators want to pull
at the heartstrings
660
00:57:43,426 --> 00:57:45,495
of these travellers
and these volunteers
661
00:57:45,561 --> 00:57:48,631
to get the donations
from them at the end.
662
00:57:48,698 --> 00:57:51,501
"Orphanage" has become
a dirty word.
663
00:57:51,567 --> 00:57:54,537
They've rebranded themselves
as "child centres"
664
00:57:54,604 --> 00:57:57,006
or "residential care
institutions,"
665
00:57:57,073 --> 00:57:59,509
so they can still
attract volunteers,
666
00:57:59,575 --> 00:58:02,712
attract travellers
under the same game.
667
00:58:03,613 --> 00:58:06,416
About 80% of children
living in orphanages
668
00:58:06,482 --> 00:58:09,085
have at least
one living parent.
669
00:58:38,815 --> 00:58:43,653
Research has shown
that poverty is a big factor.
670
00:58:43,720 --> 00:58:47,523
Communities, they are quick
to postulate into these places.
671
00:58:47,590 --> 00:58:49,892
It's a quick fix
and unfortunately,
672
00:58:49,959 --> 00:58:52,428
that does not work
in the childrens' interests.
673
00:58:52,495 --> 00:58:54,464
So, what then,
does that tell you?
674
00:58:54,530 --> 00:58:57,033
Voluntourism fuels the demand
675
00:58:57,100 --> 00:58:59,969
for children to be
in these facilities.
676
00:59:00,036 --> 00:59:03,039
It fuels the separation
of children
677
00:59:03,106 --> 00:59:04,874
from their families of origin.
678
00:59:07,276 --> 00:59:10,847
- I've been building a big zoo
for them to stay.
679
00:59:12,648 --> 00:59:16,386
For them to stay all together,
I think, in the future.
680
00:59:17,820 --> 00:59:22,759
For me, I feed them.
I love them like my children.
681
00:59:23,393 --> 00:59:26,729
Like, I take care
of the children in here.
682
00:59:28,164 --> 00:59:32,068
It is very difficult
683
00:59:32,135 --> 00:59:35,905
to separate voluntourism
684
00:59:35,972 --> 00:59:38,041
from the kind of, often,
685
00:59:38,107 --> 00:59:40,943
a zoo kind of tourism.
686
00:59:41,010 --> 00:59:45,815
Where we go and we click,
and we cuddle animals,
687
00:59:45,882 --> 00:59:48,384
and we take nice pictures.
688
00:59:48,451 --> 00:59:51,220
And we go to orphanage homes
through volunteers
689
00:59:51,287 --> 00:59:54,057
and do exactly the same thing.
690
00:59:55,091 --> 00:59:59,462
It's a mirror of what we do
with animals in the zoo.
691
01:00:00,596 --> 01:00:02,865
To do this with little ones.
692
01:00:02,932 --> 01:00:04,867
Children.
693
01:00:05,968 --> 01:00:08,304
With another human being.
694
01:00:18,681 --> 01:00:21,551
- It's very painful memories.
695
01:00:22,685 --> 01:00:26,456
And thinking how many years
are wasted in depression.
696
01:00:30,493 --> 01:00:32,895
We knew we had family members
who loved us,
697
01:00:32,962 --> 01:00:36,732
but you describe yourself
as a total orphan,
698
01:00:36,799 --> 01:00:41,304
and we had nobody to totally
share with the truth.
699
01:00:59,355 --> 01:01:02,258
- Someone came into
my life today.
700
01:01:02,325 --> 01:01:04,460
But then, tomorrow,
they weren't there.
701
01:01:04,527 --> 01:01:08,297
I felt worthless,
702
01:01:08,364 --> 01:01:09,532
undeserving.
703
01:01:12,568 --> 01:01:14,904
- You can tell that
all of the children here,
704
01:01:14,971 --> 01:01:18,274
they want that relationship,
that connection.
705
01:01:21,410 --> 01:01:23,079
They just want to be
with you,
706
01:01:23,146 --> 01:01:26,048
they will write messages like,
"We love you so much.
707
01:01:26,115 --> 01:01:28,050
Thank you for helping
our school,
708
01:01:28,117 --> 01:01:30,219
thank you for bringing money."
709
01:01:33,456 --> 01:01:36,492
A decade has passed,
and I'm learning that
710
01:01:36,559 --> 01:01:38,361
those hugs and affection,
711
01:01:38,427 --> 01:01:40,796
they're a sign of
an attachment disorder.
712
01:01:42,965 --> 01:01:45,935
It means they will be unable
to form healthy bonds
713
01:01:46,002 --> 01:01:47,803
later in life.
714
01:01:47,870 --> 01:01:52,141
I was just one
of many volunteers
715
01:01:52,208 --> 01:01:54,577
who came through
a rotating door,
716
01:01:54,644 --> 01:01:57,413
off a bus to hug them,
717
01:01:57,480 --> 01:01:59,348
to play with them.
718
01:01:59,415 --> 01:02:02,451
Causing them harm.
719
01:02:02,518 --> 01:02:04,320
I had all the best
of intentions,
720
01:02:04,387 --> 01:02:05,721
but in hindsight,
721
01:02:05,788 --> 01:02:08,391
I didn't do my homework,
I didn't take the time
722
01:02:08,457 --> 01:02:10,960
to really understand
what communities needed,
723
01:02:11,027 --> 01:02:14,230
what my impact would have been
on those communities
724
01:02:14,297 --> 01:02:15,932
or why those children
were there.
725
01:02:15,998 --> 01:02:18,067
And when I got there,
I really learned
726
01:02:18,134 --> 01:02:19,502
the horrible truth.
727
01:02:19,569 --> 01:02:22,271
They were there because
I wanted to be there,
728
01:02:22,338 --> 01:02:24,207
not because they
needed to be there.
729
01:02:24,273 --> 01:02:26,275
And because of people like me,
730
01:02:26,342 --> 01:02:28,911
they were separated
from their families.
731
01:02:39,055 --> 01:02:43,025
One in three
ends up homeless.
732
01:02:44,427 --> 01:02:47,697
One in seven gets involved
in prostitution.
733
01:02:47,763 --> 01:02:51,033
One in five
has a criminal record.
734
01:02:53,536 --> 01:02:57,139
And one in ten...
735
01:02:57,206 --> 01:02:59,842
ends up committing suicide.
736
01:03:06,916 --> 01:03:10,286
These are experiences
I have lived through.
737
01:03:10,353 --> 01:03:12,989
I'm the last one
in a family of six.
738
01:03:13,055 --> 01:03:16,459
And we were six of us,
taken to an orphanage.
739
01:03:16,525 --> 01:03:19,061
We all left at different times.
740
01:03:20,096 --> 01:03:23,566
But it was not long after that
my brother committed suicide.
741
01:03:29,572 --> 01:03:33,276
And so, for many children
that are going through...
742
01:03:33,342 --> 01:03:35,544
what I went through,
743
01:03:35,611 --> 01:03:38,681
it's important
that we think, really...
744
01:03:39,515 --> 01:03:41,717
about what is right for them.
745
01:03:58,701 --> 01:04:02,438
- Selfie, say, "Selfie!" Selfie!
746
01:04:04,807 --> 01:04:09,211
- And how can they still get
to be in family settings?
747
01:04:09,278 --> 01:04:12,882
How can they get to experience
the love and care of a family?
748
01:04:51,153 --> 01:04:54,056
- There are different ways
of doing voluntourism
749
01:04:54,123 --> 01:04:58,461
and we can do voluntourism
without being disruptive,
750
01:04:58,527 --> 01:05:01,397
by still leaving
a positive footprint.
751
01:05:01,464 --> 01:05:03,899
And in situations where
we can determine
752
01:05:03,966 --> 01:05:07,036
that positive footprint
in advance,
753
01:05:07,103 --> 01:05:10,673
and we can be accountable
for our actions,
754
01:05:10,740 --> 01:05:13,542
I think it's the best way
of volunteering.
755
01:05:13,609 --> 01:05:15,544
- So, talk to us just
a little bit about
756
01:05:15,611 --> 01:05:17,546
the Stahili Foundation
that you helped found
757
01:05:17,613 --> 01:05:19,215
after making this.
758
01:05:19,281 --> 01:05:21,784
- Well, a couple of years later,
we came together
759
01:05:21,851 --> 01:05:26,088
and realizing what was actually
happening in the institution,
760
01:05:26,155 --> 01:05:28,157
Stahili was born.
761
01:05:28,224 --> 01:05:31,660
It wasn't initially born
as an NGO, it started...
762
01:05:34,930 --> 01:05:37,032
- The most important thing
about being
763
01:05:37,099 --> 01:05:40,503
a responsible traveller
is to be an informed traveller.
764
01:05:40,569 --> 01:05:44,340
- For me, the travels
that I took
765
01:05:44,407 --> 01:05:46,442
were really my education.
766
01:05:46,509 --> 01:05:48,744
To lead us in the direction
of ensuring
767
01:05:48,811 --> 01:05:52,114
that this massive industry that
we call travel and tourism
768
01:05:52,181 --> 01:05:53,716
and all of its components
769
01:05:53,783 --> 01:05:56,919
protects the very places
we visit.
770
01:06:00,389 --> 01:06:04,760
Ko Pha Ngan, it was a real,
dramatic experience
771
01:06:04,827 --> 01:06:07,897
that kind of made me begin
to question
772
01:06:07,963 --> 01:06:10,966
conservation from a different
perspective.
773
01:06:11,033 --> 01:06:14,737
And suddenly, tourism became
a part of that.
774
01:06:15,271 --> 01:06:17,773
- We should ask more questions
775
01:06:17,840 --> 01:06:19,975
about the places
that we want to visit.
776
01:06:20,042 --> 01:06:23,279
And I'm not asking the traveller
to be government,
777
01:06:23,345 --> 01:06:26,782
I'm not asking them to be
the inspector of tourism,
778
01:06:26,849 --> 01:06:29,518
I'm just asking them
to put value
779
01:06:29,585 --> 01:06:31,454
in the places that they visit.
780
01:06:31,520 --> 01:06:33,456
- What if we could
harness tourism?
781
01:06:33,522 --> 01:06:35,424
What if tourism
was done differently?
782
01:06:35,491 --> 01:06:38,627
What if tourism was based
on supporting local people?
783
01:06:39,161 --> 01:06:43,065
What if tourism actually
invested and supported
784
01:06:43,132 --> 01:06:46,836
the very places that people
were travelling to see?
785
01:07:28,477 --> 01:07:31,547
There are many places
that have rescued elephants
786
01:07:31,614 --> 01:07:33,249
from these other
tourist attractions.
787
01:07:33,315 --> 01:07:35,751
These elephants can't be
released into the wild,
788
01:07:35,818 --> 01:07:37,553
but there is hope
for the elephants
789
01:07:37,620 --> 01:07:39,288
that are currently
in captivity.
790
01:07:39,355 --> 01:07:41,824
If we are to phase out
elephant rides,
791
01:07:41,891 --> 01:07:44,260
they still could have a life
worth living
792
01:07:44,326 --> 01:07:48,430
if they are provided proper
a natural environment.
793
01:08:09,985 --> 01:08:11,153
You can,
as a tourist,
794
01:08:11,220 --> 01:08:14,023
feel good about
supporting these venues
795
01:08:14,089 --> 01:08:17,092
and seeing elephants
in proper sanctuaries.
796
01:08:18,494 --> 01:08:21,797
Those people are leading
the way in helping us shift
797
01:08:21,864 --> 01:08:24,266
this change in tourism demand.
798
01:09:19,321 --> 01:09:23,459
The important fact
that unless we work
799
01:09:23,525 --> 01:09:26,862
to improve the lives
of local communities
800
01:09:26,929 --> 01:09:29,431
around an area
that we want to conserve,
801
01:09:29,498 --> 01:09:31,433
if we don't do something
to help the people,
802
01:09:31,500 --> 01:09:35,337
we can't even try
to conserve the animals.
803
01:09:35,404 --> 01:09:39,308
- Responsible tourism is
tourism that puts people first.
804
01:09:39,375 --> 01:09:42,645
It must be inclusive
of the people in destinations
805
01:09:42,711 --> 01:09:44,079
that we travel to.
806
01:09:44,146 --> 01:09:46,382
If communities
are helped a little bit,
807
01:09:46,448 --> 01:09:48,951
then they do better.
808
01:11:22,978 --> 01:11:27,082
- Because, if tourists didn't go
and pay money to see
809
01:11:27,149 --> 01:11:29,151
these "entertainments,"
810
01:11:29,218 --> 01:11:31,954
then the entertainments
would change.
811
01:11:40,929 --> 01:11:43,065
But if we don't
demand it,
812
01:11:43,132 --> 01:11:46,135
they will keep selling us
the same packages.
813
01:11:46,201 --> 01:11:49,538
When we, as travellers,
begin to demand this,
814
01:11:49,605 --> 01:11:53,342
then the travel industry
will give it to us.
815
01:13:28,170 --> 01:13:29,471
- I think one of the most
816
01:13:29,538 --> 01:13:32,574
important ways of making tourism
more sustainable
817
01:13:32,641 --> 01:13:36,278
is by engaging with
organizations like Sakha,
818
01:13:36,345 --> 01:13:40,616
where every time a tourist
comes and uses a Sakha cab,
819
01:13:40,682 --> 01:13:43,585
they are contributing
to new pathways
820
01:13:43,652 --> 01:13:46,054
for women's empowerment.
821
01:14:00,969 --> 01:14:04,439
A majority of Sakha
clients are foreign tourists.
822
01:14:04,506 --> 01:14:07,242
Tourism has played
a significant role
823
01:14:07,309 --> 01:14:10,779
in helping women drivers,
those who are in more vulnerable
824
01:14:10,846 --> 01:14:14,716
positions get opportunities
for a livelihood, for dignity.
825
01:14:16,718 --> 01:14:19,521
Driving, it strikes
at the heart of patriarchy
826
01:14:19,588 --> 01:14:22,824
because patriarchy,
one of the key things
827
01:14:22,891 --> 01:14:26,361
it rests upon is restriction
of mobility for women.
828
01:14:26,428 --> 01:14:28,563
And it's linked to the whole
issue of violence.
829
01:14:30,332 --> 01:14:33,402
Normally, little girls grew up
inside homes,
830
01:14:33,468 --> 01:14:36,371
they're not even allowed
to be on the roads and streets.
831
01:15:03,966 --> 01:15:06,301
Driving, it brings
women out of their homes,
832
01:15:06,368 --> 01:15:09,671
onto the roads,
behind powerful cars.
833
01:15:09,738 --> 01:15:12,874
I think anyone who has ever
learned driving in their lives
834
01:15:12,941 --> 01:15:14,943
will identify with that feeling,
835
01:15:15,010 --> 01:15:16,878
because it does
make you feel empowered.
836
01:15:17,746 --> 01:15:20,015
Today, in Delhi,
we have nearly 40 cars,
837
01:15:20,082 --> 01:15:21,550
and we are able
to give employment
838
01:15:21,616 --> 01:15:23,685
to more than
100 women chauffeurs
839
01:15:23,752 --> 01:15:25,487
through this initiative.
840
01:15:25,554 --> 01:15:28,657
We believe that women need
to get into the travel industry,
841
01:15:28,724 --> 01:15:31,126
because there's a huge
transformative impact
842
01:15:31,193 --> 01:15:33,395
that this amount of money has.
843
01:15:33,462 --> 01:15:36,498
Women are able to negotiate
delayed marriages
844
01:15:36,565 --> 01:15:39,301
or better marriages, or walk out
of violent relationships.
845
01:15:42,671 --> 01:15:44,039
Ultimately, if there
are just more
846
01:15:44,106 --> 01:15:45,307
number of women on the road,
847
01:15:45,374 --> 01:15:47,109
their own homes will also become
848
01:15:47,175 --> 01:15:48,777
safer for themselves.
849
01:17:00,649 --> 01:17:02,584
I think that
as travellers,
850
01:17:02,651 --> 01:17:06,955
we should seek more to connect
with the reality of places.
851
01:17:07,022 --> 01:17:10,559
We need a change of mindset,
to become more aware travellers,
852
01:17:10,625 --> 01:17:12,794
to become more
conscious travellers.
853
01:17:12,861 --> 01:17:17,999
We need the industry
in itself to transform
854
01:17:18,066 --> 01:17:19,734
and change completely.
855
01:17:43,525 --> 01:17:46,361
- We were taking passengers
through that area
856
01:17:46,428 --> 01:17:48,363
on the way to Machu Picchu.
857
01:17:48,430 --> 01:17:49,898
Hundreds of thousands
of passengers going
858
01:17:49,965 --> 01:17:51,700
right through The Sacred Valley,
and you realize
859
01:17:51,767 --> 01:17:53,401
that there's an area
there that had
860
01:17:53,468 --> 01:17:54,803
zero employment for women.
861
01:17:54,870 --> 01:17:56,671
And really, it was just
on the way to Machu Picchu.
862
01:17:56,738 --> 01:17:58,940
We met Francesca
and her community,
863
01:17:59,007 --> 01:18:01,143
and we realized that
they had an idea.
864
01:18:16,224 --> 01:18:19,161
- For us, it seemed like
a natural extension on the way
865
01:18:19,227 --> 01:18:21,830
to Machu Picchu,
so it made sense for us
866
01:18:21,897 --> 01:18:23,398
to have a dialogue
with the community,
867
01:18:23,465 --> 01:18:24,933
to think of how can we help,
868
01:18:25,000 --> 01:18:27,002
and how can we bring
passengers to you?
869
01:18:27,068 --> 01:18:29,771
You know, what we have to do
as tour operators
870
01:18:29,838 --> 01:18:33,642
is listen and create a dialogue
with local communities.
871
01:18:33,708 --> 01:18:36,478
That's the basis
of community tourism.
872
01:18:36,545 --> 01:18:39,548
Actually listening to
the storytelling locally,
873
01:18:39,614 --> 01:18:41,850
of what local people want.
874
01:18:41,917 --> 01:18:43,885
Culture
preserves itself.
875
01:18:43,952 --> 01:18:47,155
Tourism can come in
and strengthen it,
876
01:18:47,222 --> 01:18:51,860
and showcase it to the world
without trying to alter it.
877
01:18:51,927 --> 01:18:54,663
That starts by
asking the question,
878
01:18:54,729 --> 01:18:59,000
"Is tourism the right
tool for this area?
879
01:18:59,067 --> 01:19:01,570
And if it is, in what form
880
01:19:01,636 --> 01:19:04,906
will it benefit
the host community?"
881
01:19:04,973 --> 01:19:07,242
That's really
the magical part of tourism
882
01:19:07,309 --> 01:19:08,476
when you get it right,
883
01:19:08,543 --> 01:19:09,811
when you create that dialogue
884
01:19:09,878 --> 01:19:11,313
and you're meeting
the needs for everyone,
885
01:19:11,379 --> 01:19:13,915
and you're creating an amazing
experience for travellers.
886
01:19:47,515 --> 01:19:49,451
There's
the multigenerational
887
01:19:49,517 --> 01:19:53,021
ripple effect impact,
goes beyond creating jobs.
888
01:19:53,088 --> 01:19:55,390
You give locals
a voice, and you give
889
01:19:55,457 --> 01:19:57,025
all the different
stakeholders a voice.
890
01:19:57,092 --> 01:19:59,661
And you develop it with
the community in mind,
891
01:19:59,728 --> 01:20:01,529
and with the natural
assets in mind,
892
01:20:01,596 --> 01:20:02,931
and you protect those two,
893
01:20:02,998 --> 01:20:05,066
then you have a great
experience, and you make money,
894
01:20:05,133 --> 01:20:06,501
and everybody can win.
895
01:21:04,893 --> 01:21:06,861
These places
that we visit,
896
01:21:06,928 --> 01:21:10,832
that we call destinations,
are actually people's homes.
897
01:21:10,899 --> 01:21:13,535
We have come
into people's homes.
898
01:21:32,821 --> 01:21:34,756
A traditional
homestay is about
899
01:21:34,823 --> 01:21:36,257
staying with a family
900
01:21:36,324 --> 01:21:38,893
in which they've set
the conditions and the terms
901
01:21:38,960 --> 01:21:41,596
to welcome you
as part of their lives.
902
01:21:41,663 --> 01:21:45,133
And you stay with them
in their home.
903
01:21:46,601 --> 01:21:48,737
You share their day-to-day life
904
01:21:48,803 --> 01:21:50,939
and they open
their world to you.
905
01:22:05,954 --> 01:22:08,757
They become the local guide.
906
01:22:08,823 --> 01:22:11,559
They teach you
about the local culture
907
01:22:11,626 --> 01:22:15,597
and they also help us
remember we are guests
908
01:22:15,663 --> 01:22:18,166
in somebody else's home.
909
01:22:19,000 --> 01:22:21,636
In somebody else's country.
910
01:22:21,703 --> 01:22:24,639
In somebody else's community.
911
01:25:09,003 --> 01:25:11,039
The challenge
of how to deal
912
01:25:11,105 --> 01:25:13,007
with increasing numbers
of tourists
913
01:25:13,074 --> 01:25:16,010
is gonna be with us
for the foreseeable future.
914
01:25:16,077 --> 01:25:18,346
And part of it
is simple arithmetic.
915
01:25:18,413 --> 01:25:21,583
We're gonna likely
have close to 10 billion people
916
01:25:21,649 --> 01:25:25,053
on planet Earth
in the next 35 years.
917
01:25:25,119 --> 01:25:28,189
If you add 160 million
visitors to the current number
918
01:25:28,256 --> 01:25:31,259
of 1.4 billion travellers
that are travelling now,
919
01:25:31,326 --> 01:25:32,994
every year,
that's gonna increase,
920
01:25:33,061 --> 01:25:34,495
and then you add it to
the already
921
01:25:34,562 --> 01:25:36,364
two to three percent,
which is the global growth,
922
01:25:36,431 --> 01:25:39,267
you have a phenomenal
amount of people travelling.
923
01:25:39,334 --> 01:25:42,737
- We're in an
"all hands on deck" moment.
924
01:25:42,804 --> 01:25:45,240
If, just like a light
switch, right now,
925
01:25:45,306 --> 01:25:46,841
I could just go "click."
926
01:25:48,643 --> 01:25:51,980
And shut down the entire
global aviation industry,
927
01:25:52,046 --> 01:25:53,615
every plane flight
in the world,
928
01:25:53,681 --> 01:25:55,183
what does that look like?
929
01:25:56,784 --> 01:25:58,286
- Airplanes are supposed
to fly in the sky,
930
01:25:58,353 --> 01:26:00,221
but currently, there are more
planes on the ground.
931
01:26:00,288 --> 01:26:02,790
- The Coronavirus effect
has been fast and devastating.
932
01:26:02,857 --> 01:26:04,759
- There has been
so many lives lost,
933
01:26:04,826 --> 01:26:06,527
the numbers are
impossible to grasp.
934
01:26:06,594 --> 01:26:09,864
- COVID-19 has now spread
to more than 140 countries,
935
01:26:09,931 --> 01:26:11,833
a truly borderless disease.
936
01:26:11,899 --> 01:26:13,935
- Most borders
are lines on a map.
937
01:26:14,002 --> 01:26:16,137
The virus is taking
no account of those.
938
01:26:16,204 --> 01:26:18,973
- Travel into the European Union
is being severely restricted.
939
01:26:19,040 --> 01:26:20,842
- Governments are sealing
their borders.
940
01:26:20,908 --> 01:26:22,677
- India is suspending
tourist visas.
941
01:26:22,744 --> 01:26:24,278
- ...expects a drop of...
942
01:26:24,345 --> 01:26:26,347
- ...restrictions on foreigners
coming into Kenya.
943
01:26:26,414 --> 01:26:28,249
- Some airports have turned
into ghost towns.
944
01:26:28,316 --> 01:26:30,618
- Tourist hotspots
are virtually empty.
945
01:26:30,685 --> 01:26:32,487
- Many destinations
are in lockdown.
946
01:26:32,553 --> 01:26:34,155
- Travel was down 80%.
947
01:26:34,222 --> 01:26:35,556
- Billions in one of
the world's biggest industries
948
01:26:35,623 --> 01:26:37,759
suffering a devastating blow
to their livelihoods.
949
01:26:37,825 --> 01:26:39,260
- Many countries
in the developing world
950
01:26:39,327 --> 01:26:41,629
being hit hard, when a high
percentage of their GDP
951
01:26:41,696 --> 01:26:42,964
was tourism-dependent.
952
01:26:43,031 --> 01:26:44,198
- We think of the tourists,
953
01:26:44,265 --> 01:26:45,667
who seem to have vanished
into thin air.
954
01:26:45,733 --> 01:26:47,101
- Wondering if their jobs
955
01:26:47,168 --> 01:26:48,903
and their means to provide
for their families
956
01:26:48,970 --> 01:26:50,605
are going to be able
to survive this.
957
01:26:50,672 --> 01:26:52,607
- You've seen the disruptions
in some of the most
958
01:26:52,674 --> 01:26:54,842
sophisticated supply-chain
countries in the world,
959
01:26:54,909 --> 01:26:57,045
you can imagine if you have
a problem there,
960
01:26:57,111 --> 01:26:58,913
what you're gonna have
in the most fragile environments
961
01:26:58,980 --> 01:27:01,015
or economies.
962
01:27:17,131 --> 01:27:19,033
International travel
today
963
01:27:19,100 --> 01:27:22,270
is one of the strongest
catalysts for conservation
964
01:27:22,337 --> 01:27:25,440
and poverty alleviation
that we have.
965
01:27:25,506 --> 01:27:29,043
Tourism has an
opportunity to change now.
966
01:27:29,110 --> 01:27:31,646
We have to learn how to make
this interaction
967
01:27:31,713 --> 01:27:33,681
and sharing more responsible.
968
01:27:33,748 --> 01:27:36,451
The idea we've had
of a tourist has to end.
969
01:27:36,517 --> 01:27:39,287
We need a new tourist,
a new traveller.
970
01:27:40,254 --> 01:27:41,856
The key issue isn't,
971
01:27:41,923 --> 01:27:44,025
"Do we stop travel?"
972
01:27:44,092 --> 01:27:46,527
It's, "How do we get
travel right?"
973
01:27:47,395 --> 01:27:51,666
We travellers
are a very powerful lot.
974
01:27:54,135 --> 01:27:56,637
So, when travellers
say things like,
975
01:27:56,704 --> 01:27:58,272
"I can only do that,
976
01:27:58,339 --> 01:28:01,342
because that is what
is available."
977
01:28:02,176 --> 01:28:03,878
What did you ask for?
978
01:28:04,545 --> 01:28:08,249
What do you, yourself,
want as a traveller?
979
01:28:09,283 --> 01:28:13,354
How much do you want
a different form of travel?
980
01:28:14,055 --> 01:28:15,923
How much do you want
981
01:28:15,990 --> 01:28:18,326
to reduce leakages
in destinations?
982
01:28:19,260 --> 01:28:22,363
How much do you want
to be accountable
983
01:28:22,430 --> 01:28:24,632
for your actions
during the travel?
984
01:28:25,500 --> 01:28:29,871
How much do you want
to leave positive footprints
985
01:28:29,937 --> 01:28:31,672
out of your travel?
986
01:28:35,443 --> 01:28:38,679
At heart, an ethical
traveller isn't selfish.
987
01:28:39,213 --> 01:28:43,518
They don't just see travel
as being about them,
988
01:28:43,584 --> 01:28:46,120
it's not just their trip,
989
01:28:46,187 --> 01:28:48,055
the trip is shared
990
01:28:48,122 --> 01:28:49,490
not only with other travellers,
991
01:28:49,557 --> 01:28:53,528
but with residents,
and with the environment.
992
01:28:53,594 --> 01:28:57,031
Responsible tourism
can be really beneficial
993
01:28:57,098 --> 01:28:59,333
to the animals,
to the environment,
994
01:28:59,400 --> 01:29:01,769
to the local people,
to the government,
995
01:29:01,836 --> 01:29:03,304
and to the tourist.
996
01:29:03,371 --> 01:29:05,907
For sustainability
to be achieved,
997
01:29:05,973 --> 01:29:07,608
it's about educating
the tourist.
998
01:29:07,675 --> 01:29:10,611
The tourist has to understand
the power they have.
999
01:29:10,678 --> 01:29:14,315
If people just took the time
to do a bit of research
1000
01:29:14,382 --> 01:29:16,450
on where their money's going,
you have this ability
1001
01:29:16,517 --> 01:29:18,986
to suddenly make your holiday
a transformative experience
1002
01:29:19,053 --> 01:29:20,855
for so many people
that would be impacted
1003
01:29:20,922 --> 01:29:22,890
by your decision to just
go on holiday.
1004
01:29:22,957 --> 01:29:25,760
- Making sure that travel
companies
1005
01:29:25,827 --> 01:29:27,628
are being held accountable.
1006
01:29:27,695 --> 01:29:30,264
"This is what you say,
and this is what you're selling.
1007
01:29:30,331 --> 01:29:32,033
So, now, I'm going
to take the tour
1008
01:29:32,099 --> 01:29:33,868
and I want to make sure
that this is actually
1009
01:29:33,935 --> 01:29:35,536
what you deliver,
not only to me
1010
01:29:35,603 --> 01:29:38,573
as a traveller,
but to the workers, too."
1011
01:29:38,639 --> 01:29:40,274
We have
a responsibility to ask
1012
01:29:40,341 --> 01:29:42,643
the hotel what they're doing
for the local community,
1013
01:29:42,710 --> 01:29:46,581
or if the hotel or cruise ships
have an environmental policy.
1014
01:29:46,647 --> 01:29:49,450
As a traveller,
tip generously.
1015
01:29:49,517 --> 01:29:51,819
That's the best person-to-person
thing you can do.
1016
01:29:51,886 --> 01:29:54,355
When abroad,
and considering interacting
1017
01:29:54,422 --> 01:29:57,058
with activities such as
visiting a school
1018
01:29:57,124 --> 01:29:59,861
or an orphanage,
it's always good to step back
1019
01:29:59,927 --> 01:30:03,464
and ask yourself, "Would this
be okay in my country?"
1020
01:30:03,531 --> 01:30:05,366
And if it's not,
1021
01:30:05,433 --> 01:30:07,635
there's a good chance
you shouldn't be doing it.
1022
01:30:07,702 --> 01:30:09,637
Do your research,
make informed decisions,
1023
01:30:09,704 --> 01:30:12,306
understand what happens
behind the scenes.
1024
01:30:12,373 --> 01:30:14,575
Simple rule of thumb:
if you can ride it,
1025
01:30:14,642 --> 01:30:17,111
hug it or take a selfie
with a wild animal,
1026
01:30:17,178 --> 01:30:19,213
chances are it's cruel,
so don't do it.
1027
01:30:19,280 --> 01:30:21,382
- We need to be responsible
about where we're purchasing
1028
01:30:21,449 --> 01:30:23,351
our products and make sure
that we buy
1029
01:30:23,417 --> 01:30:25,253
ethically sourced
and locally sourced.
1030
01:30:25,319 --> 01:30:26,787
We need to bring our own
water bottle
1031
01:30:26,854 --> 01:30:29,257
and our own coffee cup,
it's just unexcusable, now.
1032
01:30:29,323 --> 01:30:30,958
We need to stop using
single-use plastics.
1033
01:30:31,025 --> 01:30:32,994
- I think one of
the most important ways
1034
01:30:33,060 --> 01:30:35,096
of making tourism
more sustainable
1035
01:30:35,162 --> 01:30:37,298
is by ensuring that we work
1036
01:30:37,365 --> 01:30:38,833
with communities'
own initiatives.
1037
01:30:38,900 --> 01:30:42,103
Tourism can encourage
a redistribution of wealth.
1038
01:30:42,169 --> 01:30:44,305
Travel can be
the greatest form
1039
01:30:44,372 --> 01:30:45,740
of wealth distribution
that the world has ever seen.
1040
01:30:45,806 --> 01:30:48,276
And suddenly, your holiday
can be transformed
1041
01:30:48,342 --> 01:30:50,111
into your form of giving back.
1042
01:30:50,177 --> 01:30:53,080
Imagine a world
where that happens.
1043
01:30:55,516 --> 01:30:58,686
I think that travellers
are like pollinators.
1044
01:30:58,753 --> 01:31:03,958
Wherever they go,
they get pollinated by ideas.
1045
01:31:04,792 --> 01:31:09,597
Experiences, places,
situations, people.
1046
01:31:10,231 --> 01:31:13,067
And they're transporting
them to other places.
1047
01:31:13,134 --> 01:31:14,669
But they also contribute,
1048
01:31:14,735 --> 01:31:16,737
because they have
the privilege of travelling
1049
01:31:16,804 --> 01:31:18,172
to many other places.
1050
01:31:19,473 --> 01:31:21,409
So, if they hear
the right message,
1051
01:31:21,475 --> 01:31:25,079
the right ideas,
the right questions,
1052
01:31:25,146 --> 01:31:27,114
that will create
a very good synergy.
1053
01:31:31,485 --> 01:31:35,923
By travelling,
by meeting new people,
1054
01:31:35,990 --> 01:31:39,060
by learning new things,
1055
01:31:39,126 --> 01:31:42,129
you become part of,
in India, we say...
1056
01:31:43,264 --> 01:31:45,266
World is a family.
1057
01:36:10,231 --> 01:36:11,932
- Alright.
1058
01:36:12,900 --> 01:36:15,736
I'm committed to travelling
responsibly.
1059
01:36:15,803 --> 01:36:18,038
- I commit to making
travel decisions that align
1060
01:36:18,105 --> 01:36:19,440
with my personal values.
1061
01:36:19,506 --> 01:36:21,675
- I think it's fantastic
for travellers
1062
01:36:21,742 --> 01:36:25,179
to always have a mindset of,
"How can I support the locals?"
1063
01:36:25,246 --> 01:36:28,048
- Small changes can go
a long way.
1064
01:36:28,115 --> 01:36:31,585
- I commit to never using
plastic bags, utensils,
1065
01:36:31,652 --> 01:36:34,588
coffee cups and shampoo
and conditioner bottles...
1066
01:36:34,655 --> 01:36:36,724
- Because we are the ones
that are visiting,
1067
01:36:36,790 --> 01:36:39,026
it is very important
to be mindful
1068
01:36:39,093 --> 01:36:40,694
toward the local communities.
1069
01:36:40,761 --> 01:36:43,631
- Refuse housekeeping.
It's such a simple thing to do,
1070
01:36:43,697 --> 01:36:45,833
but you only really need
your bed sheets washed
1071
01:36:45,900 --> 01:36:48,035
every few days,
same with your towels.
1072
01:36:48,102 --> 01:36:49,436
And it saves a lot of water.
1073
01:36:49,503 --> 01:36:51,138
- Choosing hotels
and accommodations
1074
01:36:51,205 --> 01:36:52,539
that have sustainable practices.
1075
01:36:52,606 --> 01:36:54,074
- And also committing
to only using
1076
01:36:54,141 --> 01:36:56,377
reef-friendly sunscreen
to ensure that chemicals
1077
01:36:56,443 --> 01:36:57,845
aren't leaching into our oceans.
1078
01:36:57,911 --> 01:37:01,415
- Never participating in cruel
animal tourist attractions.
1079
01:37:01,482 --> 01:37:03,550
- I commit to supporting
women-led businesses,
1080
01:37:03,617 --> 01:37:05,653
organizations,
and shopping fair trade
1081
01:37:05,719 --> 01:37:07,354
whenever I possibly can.
1082
01:37:07,421 --> 01:37:10,224
- Trying to encourage people
to travel solo
1083
01:37:10,291 --> 01:37:11,492
or in small groups.
1084
01:37:11,558 --> 01:37:13,527
If you are gonna choose
a group tour,
1085
01:37:13,594 --> 01:37:17,097
then choose one that supports
and works with locals.
1086
01:37:17,164 --> 01:37:19,800
- I commit to always doing
my research before I sign up
1087
01:37:19,867 --> 01:37:21,869
to volunteer
with any organization,
1088
01:37:21,936 --> 01:37:24,505
and I commit to making sure
my impact is sustainable
1089
01:37:24,571 --> 01:37:25,539
over the long term.
1090
01:37:25,606 --> 01:37:27,107
- Go to a local fresh market,
1091
01:37:27,174 --> 01:37:28,709
go to a local farmer's market
1092
01:37:28,776 --> 01:37:30,144
and buy the things
from the locals,
1093
01:37:30,210 --> 01:37:32,212
where the money goes
right back into their economy.
1094
01:37:32,279 --> 01:37:34,381
- Deciding where
we put our money,
1095
01:37:34,448 --> 01:37:36,950
to what businesses
do we support?
1096
01:37:37,017 --> 01:37:41,555
- And continually thinking about
how my travel choices
1097
01:37:41,622 --> 01:37:44,658
can have an impact,
both positively and negatively.
1098
01:37:44,725 --> 01:37:47,661
- And I so, I think it's up
to us as travellers,
1099
01:37:47,728 --> 01:37:50,764
you and me. We have
a responsibility to search out
1100
01:37:50,831 --> 01:37:54,068
opportunities that will
benefit communities,
1101
01:37:54,134 --> 01:37:56,537
because we have so much
information at our fingertips.
1102
01:37:56,603 --> 01:37:59,039
- Sustainable, responsible,
ethical travel.
1103
01:37:59,106 --> 01:38:01,809
All of these practices,
everyone needs to be aware of it
1104
01:38:01,875 --> 01:38:04,411
and needs to think about it
when they're exploring
1105
01:38:04,478 --> 01:38:05,679
this great world
that we live in.
1106
01:38:05,746 --> 01:38:07,715
- Because I want to keep
exploring this big,
1107
01:38:07,781 --> 01:38:09,116
beautiful planet of ours.
1108
01:38:09,183 --> 01:38:12,086
I think what
the world needs now
1109
01:38:12,152 --> 01:38:14,188
is for people to travel.
1110
01:38:17,391 --> 01:38:20,728
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