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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:05,300 --> 00:00:13,698 Space ships over Los Angeles... body snatchers controlling our minds... 2 00:00:13,732 --> 00:00:16,801 E.T.'s making contact. 3 00:00:16,869 --> 00:00:21,873 These and other alien-based scenarios have been the plotlines of countless 4 00:00:21,940 --> 00:00:25,576 science-fiction movies and television shows. 5 00:00:25,611 --> 00:00:31,582 But what if extraterrestrial beings came to Earth tomorrow? 6 00:00:31,617 --> 00:00:34,652 Would they signal the birth of a new age of peace and 7 00:00:34,686 --> 00:00:39,590 prosperity, or trigger a war of the worlds? 8 00:00:39,625 --> 00:00:43,594 The day that it's announced we're not alone is the day that 9 00:00:43,629 --> 00:00:45,963 this planet changes forever. 10 00:00:46,031 --> 00:00:48,966 The very structures of government and the very 11 00:00:49,001 --> 00:00:52,603 structures of religion will crumble. 12 00:00:52,671 --> 00:00:54,605 Everybody wants to meet an alien. 13 00:00:54,640 --> 00:00:55,873 But we have to start small. 14 00:00:55,908 --> 00:00:59,110 We have to learn how to walk before we can run. 15 00:00:59,178 --> 00:01:02,547 Millions of people around the world believe we have 16 00:01:02,581 --> 00:01:06,818 been visited in the past by extraterrestrial beings. 17 00:01:06,852 --> 00:01:09,253 What if it were true? 18 00:01:09,288 --> 00:01:13,558 Did ancient aliens really help to shape our history? 19 00:01:13,625 --> 00:01:18,563 And if so, what might happen... when they return? 20 00:01:20,966 --> 00:01:26,104 21 00:01:48,627 --> 00:01:52,430 Throughout human history, man has gazed up at the 22 00:01:52,464 --> 00:01:55,800 stars in awe and with wonder. 23 00:01:55,834 --> 00:02:00,939 Our ancient ancestors charted their movements, identified 24 00:02:00,973 --> 00:02:08,713 constellations, and marked time by creating celestial-based calendars. 25 00:02:08,747 --> 00:02:14,619 The stars also became the source of countless myths and legends. 26 00:02:14,687 --> 00:02:18,456 Many of these describe visitors coming down to Earth from 27 00:02:18,524 --> 00:02:20,858 somewhere out there. 28 00:02:20,893 --> 00:02:27,065 Others speak of entire civilizations existing out in the cosmos. 29 00:02:27,066 --> 00:02:32,804 The ancient Sanskrit writings of India tell us, for example, there are 30 00:02:32,871 --> 00:02:41,079 400,000 human-like species scattered throughout the cosmos 31 00:02:41,113 --> 00:02:47,018 in different planets, different solar systems, even different dimensions. 32 00:02:47,019 --> 00:02:49,854 But where are these alien beings? 33 00:02:49,888 --> 00:02:53,591 Did they come to Earth in the past, as the Ancient Astronaut 34 00:02:53,625 --> 00:02:57,061 theory suggests, and then leave? 35 00:02:57,129 --> 00:03:01,065 If so, will they ever come back? 36 00:03:01,133 --> 00:03:04,902 Today, scientists around the world have stopped waiting 37 00:03:04,970 --> 00:03:10,508 around and are taking steps to find intelligent extraterrestrial life. 38 00:03:10,542 --> 00:03:14,245 Will technology finally be able to prove what our ancient 39 00:03:14,279 --> 00:03:18,516 ancestors believed thousands of years ago? 40 00:03:20,552 --> 00:03:25,523 In 1960, astronomer and physicist Frank Drake set up an 41 00:03:25,557 --> 00:03:30,795 unusual telescope in the hills of West Virginia. 42 00:03:30,829 --> 00:03:35,166 The strange device was made from surplus World War II radar 43 00:03:35,234 --> 00:03:39,771 equipment, but rather than containing a traditional 44 00:03:39,805 --> 00:03:43,941 optical lens, it housed a directional radio antenna. 45 00:03:43,942 --> 00:03:48,513 A few simple calculations showed that radio telescopes have the power to 46 00:03:48,547 --> 00:03:51,883 transmit and receive across literally interstellar distances. 47 00:03:51,950 --> 00:03:53,785 We're talking many light-years. 48 00:03:53,819 --> 00:03:57,955 So Frank Drake turned a radio telescope on a couple of nearby 49 00:03:57,990 --> 00:04:02,527 stars and tuned in to see if he could pick up a message from the aliens. 50 00:04:02,594 --> 00:04:06,597 So this was a sort of crazy thing to do. 51 00:04:06,632 --> 00:04:09,667 Drake failed to pick up any sounds that day, but 52 00:04:09,701 --> 00:04:14,072 the science of radio astronomy was born. 53 00:04:14,139 --> 00:04:19,577 If we couldn't see aliens in space, maybe we could hear them. 54 00:04:23,615 --> 00:04:27,151 The things we've focused on in the past for searching for extraterrestrial 55 00:04:27,186 --> 00:04:30,888 life is really passively trying to discover signals on the basis 56 00:04:30,956 --> 00:04:34,058 that if they were technologically advanced, they would have some form of 57 00:04:34,126 --> 00:04:37,028 electricity like we do, and all electricity generates radiation. 58 00:04:37,062 --> 00:04:40,798 And it sends out the signals, and hopefully we detect it. 59 00:04:40,799 --> 00:04:45,770 In 1961, Frank Drake and a group of astronomers, physicists and 60 00:04:45,804 --> 00:04:50,675 biologists formed a privately funded organization called SETI: 61 00:04:50,709 --> 00:04:55,213 The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence. 62 00:04:55,247 --> 00:05:01,586 Their goal was to focus massive radio telescopes towards space and listen. 63 00:05:01,653 --> 00:05:05,790 Drake estimated the probability that intelligent life existed 64 00:05:05,824 --> 00:05:11,662 out in the universe in a formula that became known as the Drake Equation. 65 00:05:11,663 --> 00:05:14,599 The Drake equation is like a bridge between scientists and 66 00:05:14,666 --> 00:05:17,602 non-scientists, because it explains what you would want to 67 00:05:17,669 --> 00:05:21,205 know to give a number about how common alien life could be. 68 00:05:21,240 --> 00:05:25,309 There are multiple factors within the Drake equation. 69 00:05:25,377 --> 00:05:28,045 Like the fraction of stars that could have planets; and the 70 00:05:28,113 --> 00:05:30,381 fraction of those planets that could be habitable; and the 71 00:05:30,415 --> 00:05:32,783 fraction of those that might have liquid water; and how many 72 00:05:32,851 --> 00:05:34,952 could have evolved intelligent life? 73 00:05:35,020 --> 00:05:38,656 And then one important factor is the lifetime of those 74 00:05:38,690 --> 00:05:41,492 civilizations, and that is a big unknown. 75 00:05:41,527 --> 00:05:43,928 We only know of one-- that's ourselves. 76 00:05:43,962 --> 00:05:45,329 And how long are we gonna be 77 00:05:45,397 --> 00:05:46,697 around? 78 00:05:46,765 --> 00:05:49,667 That's to be determined. 79 00:05:49,701 --> 00:05:54,872 Using his equation, Drake estimated that over one hundred million advanced 80 00:05:54,907 --> 00:05:59,877 civilizations could exist in just the Milky Way galaxy. 81 00:05:59,945 --> 00:06:05,016 SETI presupposes that if you've got an alien civilization capable of 82 00:06:05,050 --> 00:06:10,388 traveling that's developed electronics, they have a fingerprint. 83 00:06:10,422 --> 00:06:13,357 That fingerprint is a repetitive signal. 84 00:06:13,392 --> 00:06:16,994 A repetitive signal will tell them that it's not just noise, 85 00:06:17,062 --> 00:06:21,732 junk frequencies out there, but a real attempt at communicating, 86 00:06:21,767 --> 00:06:26,938 maybe not with us, but with each other. 87 00:06:26,939 --> 00:06:32,376 On August 15, 1977, astronomer Dr. Jerry Ehman 88 00:06:32,411 --> 00:06:37,014 was working on a SETI project at Ohio State University when he 89 00:06:37,082 --> 00:06:40,785 recorded an intermittent signal coming from the direction of the 90 00:06:40,819 --> 00:06:44,722 constellation Sagittarius. 91 00:06:44,756 --> 00:06:49,093 The signal lasted 72 seconds before being lost. 92 00:06:49,127 --> 00:06:53,431 Ehman believed that it was of extraterrestrial origin. 93 00:06:53,465 --> 00:06:57,368 But despite repeated searches and increasingly larger 94 00:06:57,402 --> 00:07:01,706 telescopes, the signal has never again been detected. 95 00:07:03,842 --> 00:07:08,879 But what if SETI intercepts a transmission from another world? 96 00:07:08,914 --> 00:07:10,715 What would happen next? 97 00:07:10,749 --> 00:07:14,285 According to SETI's Post-Detection Protocols, once 98 00:07:14,353 --> 00:07:18,823 an extraterrestrial radio signal is confirmed, news of the event 99 00:07:18,857 --> 00:07:22,827 should be kept secret until the authorities have been notified. 100 00:07:22,861 --> 00:07:27,732 The government will then decide whether or not to try and make contact. 101 00:07:27,766 --> 00:07:29,800 I think all bets are off. 102 00:07:29,835 --> 00:07:31,369 Because here's this message. 103 00:07:31,436 --> 00:07:34,438 It could contain enormously important information that 104 00:07:34,473 --> 00:07:37,742 would transform our society and maybe destabilize it. 105 00:07:37,809 --> 00:07:40,711 What is it gonna mean for the future of our civilization? 106 00:07:40,779 --> 00:07:42,980 These are momentous questions. 107 00:07:45,150 --> 00:07:49,887 Today, SETI continues to scan the vicinities of nearby stars for 108 00:07:49,955 --> 00:07:53,391 artificially produced signals using several of the world's 109 00:07:53,458 --> 00:07:55,359 largest telescopes. 110 00:07:55,394 --> 00:07:59,897 In the next several years, when it becomes fully operational, 111 00:07:59,931 --> 00:08:03,200 SETI's new Allen Telescope Array will allow for the 112 00:08:03,235 --> 00:08:05,670 reconnaissance of up to a million stars. 113 00:08:05,737 --> 00:08:09,307 SETI has to search a huge, huge area. 114 00:08:09,308 --> 00:08:12,543 They'll tell you that now they have searched the equivalent of, 115 00:08:12,577 --> 00:08:16,080 like, a glass of water compared to the entire ocean on Earth. 116 00:08:16,114 --> 00:08:18,849 They have a long way to go. 117 00:08:18,917 --> 00:08:21,719 While SETI listens passively to signals from outer 118 00:08:21,753 --> 00:08:27,291 space, NASA has attempted to contact alien life directly, 119 00:08:27,326 --> 00:08:30,294 through messages sent aboard its space probes. 120 00:08:30,362 --> 00:08:33,264 It's a long shot, but there's no reason, in my 121 00:08:33,298 --> 00:08:37,368 mind, not to expect that life evolved elsewhere. 122 00:08:37,369 --> 00:08:41,739 What's harder to predict, or try and understand, is how 123 00:08:41,773 --> 00:08:45,176 likely is it that it happened close enough that there'd be 124 00:08:45,210 --> 00:08:49,914 someone we could actually communicate with. 125 00:08:49,981 --> 00:08:56,520 In 1972, NASA agreed to attach small plaques onto the outside of its twin 126 00:08:56,555 --> 00:09:01,092 Pioneer space probes, the first human-built objects destined to 127 00:09:01,159 --> 00:09:03,828 leave our solar system. 128 00:09:03,895 --> 00:09:07,732 NASA contacted Cornell University professor, Dr. 129 00:09:07,799 --> 00:09:10,201 Carl Sagan, to craft the message. 130 00:09:10,235 --> 00:09:12,903 Carl Sagan was one of the most active astronomers in 131 00:09:12,971 --> 00:09:18,275 the search for life outside our planet. 132 00:09:18,310 --> 00:09:20,811 He was a very prominent scientist, he was an excellent 133 00:09:20,879 --> 00:09:24,382 astronomer, and he really did a lot to help us understand how 134 00:09:24,416 --> 00:09:30,287 we might contact other life or detect life elsewhere in the universe. 135 00:09:30,355 --> 00:09:36,193 Sagan, along with SETI founder Frank Drake, designed a gold-anodized 136 00:09:36,228 --> 00:09:39,530 aluminum plaque, measuring roughly six by nine inches, that 137 00:09:39,564 --> 00:09:44,835 contained a collection of symbolic images representing humans and Earth. 138 00:09:44,836 --> 00:09:49,073 The man and the woman were nude, and the gentleman was holding one arm up 139 00:09:49,107 --> 00:09:54,412 like this in what was intended to be a sign of, uh, a sign of greeting. 140 00:09:54,413 --> 00:09:58,983 A schematic design of the solar system was also shown, with the planned 141 00:09:59,017 --> 00:10:02,887 trajectory of the Pioneer spacecraft marked on it, and a 142 00:10:02,921 --> 00:10:08,325 diagram of 14 pulsar stars around the sun made a chart that 143 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:11,829 might help someone work out where the craft originated. 144 00:10:11,863 --> 00:10:15,166 We tried to give them an idea of where we're located-- and that's an 145 00:10:15,233 --> 00:10:17,601 interesting problem, is to figure out how you would tell 146 00:10:17,636 --> 00:10:19,904 someone where you're located in space, 'cause you don't know 147 00:10:19,938 --> 00:10:21,238 where they're gonna find it. 148 00:10:21,273 --> 00:10:25,009 And it was all in a very stylistic design, but in an attempt to hopefully 149 00:10:25,043 --> 00:10:29,079 communicate at least some of these ideas. 150 00:10:29,147 --> 00:10:36,053 Five years later, in 1977, Dr. Sagan got a second chance at designing an 151 00:10:36,087 --> 00:10:39,957 interstellar message when NASA agreed to attach another one to 152 00:10:39,991 --> 00:10:42,460 the Voyager space probes. 153 00:10:42,494 --> 00:10:46,263 This time, Sagan created a record album made of 154 00:10:46,331 --> 00:10:50,434 gold-plated copper, along with a series of basic instructions 155 00:10:50,469 --> 00:10:52,870 in how to make it work. 156 00:10:52,904 --> 00:10:56,273 Sagan estimated that the metallic disc could survive in 157 00:10:56,308 --> 00:11:00,077 space for at least a billion years. 158 00:11:00,145 --> 00:11:02,613 One of the challenges with technology is trying to 159 00:11:02,647 --> 00:11:06,350 figure out one that can do what you want-- so here you want to 160 00:11:06,418 --> 00:11:09,587 encode audio, and even some video images, but do it in a way 161 00:11:09,621 --> 00:11:14,325 that almost any other technologically advanced society could figure out. 162 00:11:14,359 --> 00:11:17,995 And the advantage of a record player is, it's both mechanical 163 00:11:18,029 --> 00:11:19,096 and electrical. 164 00:11:19,164 --> 00:11:20,331 The grooves are obvious. 165 00:11:20,365 --> 00:11:25,269 And so, they actually put on the cover instructions on how to play it. 166 00:11:25,303 --> 00:11:34,512 The recording included a wide variety of sounds-- a baby's cry... wind... 167 00:11:34,546 --> 00:11:39,683 Surf and rain, animal noises, as well as classical and 168 00:11:39,718 --> 00:11:42,520 cultural music from around the world. 169 00:11:42,554 --> 00:11:46,991 One interesting song selection was Chuck Berry's rock 'n roll 170 00:11:47,058 --> 00:11:50,594 hit, "Johnny B. Goode." 171 00:11:50,629 --> 00:11:54,899 Music is a good choice 'cause almost anything vibrates and makes sound. 172 00:11:54,966 --> 00:11:58,068 So I would have bet that almost any culture would develop music. 173 00:11:58,136 --> 00:12:01,705 I believe it's Bach who gets the most time on the record. 174 00:12:01,740 --> 00:12:04,441 I don't know why they picked that, to be honest, but he is 175 00:12:04,476 --> 00:12:06,710 one of the more mathematical composers, and that might have 176 00:12:06,745 --> 00:12:10,948 been one of the reasons, because math is a more universal language. 177 00:12:10,982 --> 00:12:14,218 Sagan also included a wide array of photographs of 178 00:12:14,252 --> 00:12:20,658 well-known man-made structures and greetings in 55 different languages. 179 00:12:20,659 --> 00:12:25,262 I think the most important one is the Sumerian language. 180 00:12:25,330 --> 00:12:29,967 Now, why would they include Sumerian on that record? 181 00:12:30,001 --> 00:12:34,238 Well, according to the ancient alien theory, ancient Sumeria is 182 00:12:34,272 --> 00:12:42,513 the first place where we made contact with an extraterrestrial entity. 183 00:12:42,547 --> 00:12:46,984 At this point, we obviously haven't learned anything yet about 184 00:12:47,018 --> 00:12:49,520 extraterrestrial life, because we haven't been contacted back. 185 00:12:49,588 --> 00:12:53,524 But I think for our own purposes, any time you try and 186 00:12:53,592 --> 00:12:57,227 go and figure out how you want to communicate something, it 187 00:12:57,262 --> 00:13:01,966 pushes your boundaries and understanding of communication itself. 188 00:13:02,033 --> 00:13:04,501 We all want to find aliens. 189 00:13:04,569 --> 00:13:06,971 Whether it's the planetary scientists looking for signs of 190 00:13:07,038 --> 00:13:08,973 life on another distant planet. 191 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:12,409 Whether it's the ancient alien proponents who want to find 192 00:13:12,477 --> 00:13:15,112 signs of life of aliens who visited in the past. 193 00:13:15,146 --> 00:13:17,681 And whether it's people today who want to have experiences 194 00:13:17,716 --> 00:13:20,050 with UFOs and aliens that have visited them recently. 195 00:13:20,118 --> 00:13:24,288 All of us are trying to do the same thing. 196 00:13:24,289 --> 00:13:29,393 While the search for extraterrestrial beings continues, a new space-based 197 00:13:29,427 --> 00:13:33,697 telescope is hunting for planets that may contain life. 198 00:13:33,732 --> 00:13:36,867 Are there other earths out there? 199 00:13:36,901 --> 00:13:41,405 And if so, how will we find them? 200 00:13:42,466 --> 00:13:43,366 Ignition. 201 00:13:43,433 --> 00:13:44,934 Lift off. 202 00:13:45,002 --> 00:13:52,909 Lift off... On March 6, 2009, NASA launched a Delta II rocket into space. 203 00:13:52,943 --> 00:13:56,546 On board was a new telescope named in honor of German 204 00:13:56,613 --> 00:13:59,182 astronomer, Johannes Kepler. 205 00:13:59,249 --> 00:14:03,352 The space-based telescope was designed specifically to 206 00:14:03,387 --> 00:14:06,923 discover the existence of Earth-like planets located 207 00:14:06,957 --> 00:14:10,193 outside our own solar system. 208 00:14:10,260 --> 00:14:14,363 The Kepler search is focused on a specific section of the Milky 209 00:14:14,398 --> 00:14:18,701 Way known as Orion's Spur. 210 00:14:18,702 --> 00:14:24,840 Kepler's job is to answer the question, how common are other Earths? 211 00:14:24,908 --> 00:14:28,978 To do this, Kepler's looking at one part of the sky for three- 212 00:14:29,012 --> 00:14:30,246 and-a-half years. 213 00:14:30,280 --> 00:14:32,815 Imagine, like, keeping your eyes open and staring at just one 214 00:14:32,883 --> 00:14:34,450 part of the sky. 215 00:14:34,551 --> 00:14:39,455 And what they're doing is they're looking at stars. 216 00:14:39,489 --> 00:14:42,258 And then, as a planet goes around that star, when the 217 00:14:42,292 --> 00:14:45,261 planet gets in front of the star, the starlight dims, just 218 00:14:45,295 --> 00:14:47,463 a little bit, from our vantage point, 'cause it is being 219 00:14:47,497 --> 00:14:48,631 blocked by the planet. 220 00:14:48,732 --> 00:14:51,267 And so, you look for that dimming of those stars. 221 00:14:51,301 --> 00:14:56,005 And then that's how you're able to detect these planets. 222 00:14:58,342 --> 00:15:02,812 So far, the Kepler telescope has confirmed the existence of five planets 223 00:15:02,846 --> 00:15:05,915 outside our own solar system. 224 00:15:05,949 --> 00:15:09,518 NASA officials expect to find several hundred more exoplanets 225 00:15:09,553 --> 00:15:13,422 like these before their mission is completed. 226 00:15:13,457 --> 00:15:17,893 Once a planet has been located, scientists must then determine 227 00:15:17,928 --> 00:15:21,464 if it might contain water. 228 00:15:24,501 --> 00:15:28,871 We know from Earth that all life on Earth requires liquid water. 229 00:15:32,509 --> 00:15:35,278 So that is the approach that we've been taking for looking 230 00:15:35,345 --> 00:15:39,282 for life elsewhere in the universe-- follow the water. 231 00:15:39,349 --> 00:15:42,285 And so, that is the step one. 232 00:15:46,456 --> 00:15:50,326 On Earth, wherever we find liquid water, we find life. 233 00:15:50,360 --> 00:15:51,460 And it's true. 234 00:15:51,528 --> 00:15:56,332 Life on Earth can exist under an extraordinary range of conditions. 235 00:15:56,366 --> 00:16:00,870 There are extreme organisms that live in the scalding effluent 236 00:16:00,904 --> 00:16:04,807 coming out of the Earth's crust deep beneath the ocean. 237 00:16:04,875 --> 00:16:07,710 There are other remarkable organisms living in the waste 238 00:16:07,811 --> 00:16:12,581 pools of nuclear reactors of extreme radiation environments and so on. 239 00:16:12,582 --> 00:16:15,618 But the one thing that seems to be absolutely necessary for life 240 00:16:15,686 --> 00:16:18,354 as we know it is liquid water. 241 00:16:18,388 --> 00:16:25,127 To determine if a planet contains water and possibly life, scientists use 242 00:16:25,195 --> 00:16:30,499 special telescopes to analyze its atmosphere. 243 00:16:30,534 --> 00:16:33,602 We look at the light coming from the planet. 244 00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:37,306 And we split that light up, like a rainbow. 245 00:16:37,374 --> 00:16:40,309 Now if you look at a rainbow in the sky, and you look really, 246 00:16:40,377 --> 00:16:43,145 really carefully, you will see some dark lines. 247 00:16:43,213 --> 00:16:45,748 You'll see some colors missing from the rainbow. 248 00:16:45,782 --> 00:16:48,517 And those colors are missing because of absorption by gases 249 00:16:48,585 --> 00:16:49,852 in Earth's atmosphere. 250 00:16:49,886 --> 00:16:53,489 So effectively, we're getting a rainbow from another planet, and 251 00:16:53,557 --> 00:16:56,692 we're looking for dark lines that tell us what kinds of gases 252 00:16:56,727 --> 00:16:57,860 are in the atmosphere. 253 00:16:57,928 --> 00:17:04,033 To better understand how life affects its atmosphere, NASA scientists 254 00:17:04,101 --> 00:17:09,405 study microbial mats at California's Moss Landing Wildlife Area. 255 00:17:09,506 --> 00:17:12,875 Microbial mats are important to NASA for a whole bunch of reasons. 256 00:17:12,943 --> 00:17:15,044 The organisms that are in microbial mats have been on 257 00:17:15,078 --> 00:17:17,513 Earth just about longer than any other kind of organism. 258 00:17:17,581 --> 00:17:20,683 They make a number of things which we call biomarkers which 259 00:17:20,751 --> 00:17:23,386 are important in our search for life on other planets. 260 00:17:23,420 --> 00:17:26,389 So, there are textural biomarkers, so when you pull up 261 00:17:26,423 --> 00:17:30,393 a piece of microbial mat and look at the surface-- what does 262 00:17:30,427 --> 00:17:31,460 that look like? 263 00:17:31,495 --> 00:17:34,463 One of the things that we're doing with these microbial mats 264 00:17:34,498 --> 00:17:36,732 is, we're measuring the fluxes of methane. 265 00:17:36,767 --> 00:17:39,201 Methane is a gas that's produced by certain kinds of 266 00:17:39,236 --> 00:17:42,772 organisms that use the organic matter that's in these mats. 267 00:17:42,806 --> 00:17:45,574 And when that methane goes into our atmosphere, it can be 268 00:17:45,642 --> 00:17:48,177 detected by other missions, such as terrestrial planet finder, is 269 00:17:48,211 --> 00:17:52,014 one of NASA's concept missions for looking for gases that arere 270 00:17:52,082 --> 00:17:54,984 produced by life on exoplanets. 271 00:17:55,018 --> 00:17:59,355 We can look for the signature of oxygen or water on 272 00:17:59,423 --> 00:18:01,791 a planet, and at least that would give us an idea of 273 00:18:01,825 --> 00:18:05,361 life-forms like ourselves-- ones that are carbon-based, and use 274 00:18:05,429 --> 00:18:08,731 oxygen and carbon dioxide cycles. 275 00:18:08,765 --> 00:18:11,967 Our atmosphere is not stable without living organisms. 276 00:18:12,002 --> 00:18:14,637 It would have evaporated away by now. 277 00:18:14,704 --> 00:18:17,873 And so, if you're looking out in space, and you detect around a 278 00:18:17,908 --> 00:18:22,077 star a signature of the chemicals that we know exist for 279 00:18:22,112 --> 00:18:25,014 life, that's very strong evidence that life is there. 280 00:18:25,081 --> 00:18:27,450 That doesn't help you know if it's intelligent life, but it 281 00:18:27,551 --> 00:18:31,187 does give you an evidence for life. 282 00:18:31,188 --> 00:18:35,157 With a universe literally full of possibilities, 283 00:18:35,192 --> 00:18:41,730 planet hunters focus their search on an area they call a Goldilocks Zone. 284 00:18:41,765 --> 00:18:44,633 The Goldilocks Zone for planets is the place where 285 00:18:44,668 --> 00:18:48,971 a planet is not too hot, not too cold, but just the right 286 00:18:49,005 --> 00:18:50,506 temperature for life. 287 00:18:50,540 --> 00:18:54,977 Right now, we know of no planets like Earth in a Goldilocks Zone. 288 00:18:55,078 --> 00:18:56,712 One planet comes close. 289 00:18:56,780 --> 00:19:00,449 It's called Gliese 581D. 290 00:19:00,484 --> 00:19:02,985 But we're not entirely sure if that planet is really in the 291 00:19:03,019 --> 00:19:06,489 Goldilocks Zone or not. 292 00:19:06,490 --> 00:19:08,824 In recent years, it's been recognized that there's 293 00:19:08,892 --> 00:19:10,459 more than one Goldilocks Zone. 294 00:19:10,494 --> 00:19:15,965 For example, there could be life inside icy planetesimals, 295 00:19:15,999 --> 00:19:18,000 these like small planets or large moons. 296 00:19:18,034 --> 00:19:22,004 The moon of Jupiter, Europa, is a very good example. 297 00:19:22,072 --> 00:19:25,708 Europa is liquid beneath an ice cap. 298 00:19:25,775 --> 00:19:29,078 It's liquid underneath because of tidal heating and friction 299 00:19:29,145 --> 00:19:30,813 going on inside the planet. 300 00:19:30,881 --> 00:19:34,617 So it could be that there is life, microbial probably only, 301 00:19:34,651 --> 00:19:39,455 deep down under the ice on Europa. 302 00:19:39,523 --> 00:19:44,493 It's a very challenging question-- if there is life elsewhere in our solar 303 00:19:44,528 --> 00:19:45,694 system. 304 00:19:45,729 --> 00:19:48,898 You have so many components that have to come together. 305 00:19:48,965 --> 00:19:51,233 We have to have an understanding on the science. 306 00:19:51,268 --> 00:19:53,502 We have to ask the right questions. 307 00:19:53,537 --> 00:19:57,172 I wish I had a tricorder that I could just go and, like, point, 308 00:19:57,240 --> 00:19:59,508 and it would say: life, or no life, right? 309 00:19:59,543 --> 00:20:00,676 But we don't have that. 310 00:20:00,710 --> 00:20:03,178 So, we have to be smart, and we have to be clever, and, we have 311 00:20:03,246 --> 00:20:05,881 to develop instruments that can actually address the questions 312 00:20:05,916 --> 00:20:08,350 we're trying to answer. 313 00:20:08,385 --> 00:20:10,252 It's inevitable. 314 00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:12,688 There are so many planets out there, it's inevitable that 315 00:20:12,722 --> 00:20:15,691 we'll find one in the Goldilocks Zone any day. 316 00:20:15,725 --> 00:20:19,962 But while the Kepler telescope has only just 317 00:20:19,996 --> 00:20:24,533 begun scanning the horizon, NASA is already planning the next 318 00:20:24,568 --> 00:20:29,538 step in its search for extraterrestrial life: the 2014 319 00:20:29,573 --> 00:20:33,509 launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. 320 00:20:33,577 --> 00:20:39,348 People always ask me, "Do you expect to find an Earth in your lifetime?" 321 00:20:39,382 --> 00:20:42,518 And I say, "Yes, absolutely." 322 00:20:42,586 --> 00:20:47,623 When I was a student, there was almost nobody prepared to argue that way. 323 00:20:47,691 --> 00:20:50,793 The feeling back in the '60s and '70s was that even if there 324 00:20:50,860 --> 00:20:53,963 were other Earth-like planets, life is such an improbable freak 325 00:20:54,030 --> 00:20:57,666 event that it would never ever happen anywhere else. 326 00:20:57,701 --> 00:21:02,538 Now the prevailing view is, yes, the universe is teeming with life. 327 00:21:02,572 --> 00:21:04,907 Everybody wants to meet an alien. 328 00:21:04,941 --> 00:21:07,576 But we have to start small, we have to learn how to walk 329 00:21:07,677 --> 00:21:10,012 before we can run. 330 00:21:10,046 --> 00:21:12,581 The fascinating thing for me is that we're only 331 00:21:12,649 --> 00:21:16,185 four-and-a-half billion years old in a universe that's close 332 00:21:16,219 --> 00:21:18,587 to 14 billion years old. 333 00:21:18,655 --> 00:21:21,924 What would happen with some of these Earth-like planets that 334 00:21:21,958 --> 00:21:27,129 had a five- or ten-billion-year head start on us? 335 00:21:27,197 --> 00:21:29,031 Gosh, you can only imagine. 336 00:21:29,099 --> 00:21:31,934 But what if humans are not the only intelligent 337 00:21:32,035 --> 00:21:34,903 creatures searching for life in the universe? 338 00:21:34,938 --> 00:21:38,040 What if there are beings on other planets conducting a 339 00:21:38,074 --> 00:21:39,942 search of their own? 340 00:21:39,976 --> 00:21:45,381 And what if, in their search, they find us before we find them? 341 00:21:45,448 --> 00:21:49,284 Some believe they already have. 342 00:21:52,671 --> 00:21:57,675 On October 30, 1938, radio listeners across the 343 00:21:57,710 --> 00:22:01,746 United States sat stunned as a series of news bulletins 344 00:22:01,780 --> 00:22:04,749 described Martians invading Earth. 345 00:22:04,783 --> 00:22:09,987 Martian cylinders are falling all over the country. 346 00:22:10,022 --> 00:22:11,889 This is the end now. 347 00:22:11,924 --> 00:22:15,560 While the broadcast sounded real, it was a fictional 348 00:22:15,594 --> 00:22:20,364 production, directed and narrated by Orson Welles. 349 00:22:20,432 --> 00:22:28,206 Incredibly, many of those listening believed it to be true, and panicked. 350 00:22:28,273 --> 00:22:31,642 Newspaper reports described families fleeing their homes 351 00:22:31,710 --> 00:22:35,379 for the mountains, while others armed themselves with weapons 352 00:22:35,447 --> 00:22:39,484 and prepared to fight off the alien invaders. 353 00:22:39,485 --> 00:22:44,455 It was just presented, maybe, with a brief introduction saying it was not 354 00:22:44,490 --> 00:22:45,456 really happening. 355 00:22:45,491 --> 00:22:48,559 But from then on, it was played as if it was really 356 00:22:48,627 --> 00:22:49,427 happening. 357 00:22:49,461 --> 00:22:53,598 Well, most people who heard that thought that it was really happening. 358 00:22:53,632 --> 00:22:56,167 People became upset. 359 00:22:56,201 --> 00:22:58,936 Some of those literally headed for the hills. 360 00:22:58,971 --> 00:23:02,774 They drove places to try to, uh, pick up other people, family and friends. 361 00:23:02,808 --> 00:23:06,544 They reported to the army for duty. 362 00:23:06,545 --> 00:23:11,616 The response to this fictional alien attack resulted in many people 363 00:23:11,650 --> 00:23:13,985 preparing for the worst. 364 00:23:14,052 --> 00:23:18,422 But if the public's reaction to a radio dramatization resulted 365 00:23:18,457 --> 00:23:25,429 in a nationwide wave of terror, what would happen if they really came? 366 00:23:28,233 --> 00:23:32,203 Los Angeles, California. 367 00:23:32,237 --> 00:23:39,110 In the early months of 1942, the city was on edge. 368 00:23:39,144 --> 00:23:42,680 The recent surprise attack on Pearl Harbor had propelled 369 00:23:42,748 --> 00:23:47,685 America into World War II... and the threat of a Japanese 370 00:23:47,753 --> 00:23:54,692 invasion, by sea or by air, kept the military on full alert. 371 00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:59,597 Pearl Harbor was a very recent memory for people. 372 00:23:59,598 --> 00:24:01,799 People were in high alert. 373 00:24:01,867 --> 00:24:04,302 There was a great deal of suspicion. 374 00:24:04,336 --> 00:24:07,471 Japanese-Americans were being put in internment camps. 375 00:24:07,506 --> 00:24:11,509 There were German U-boats in the Atlantic, Japanese 376 00:24:11,577 --> 00:24:15,680 submarines in the Pacific, and people were very fearful. 377 00:24:19,952 --> 00:24:23,855 In a well-organized defense operation, air-raid 378 00:24:23,889 --> 00:24:26,858 wardens and the coast guard were monitoring the Pacific 379 00:24:26,925 --> 00:24:31,229 shoreline as never before. 380 00:24:31,263 --> 00:24:33,497 The war had started. 381 00:24:33,532 --> 00:24:39,971 I was a 13-year-old kid, and this one night, which was 382 00:24:40,038 --> 00:24:48,145 February 1942, the sirens started wailing in the middle of the night. 383 00:24:49,581 --> 00:24:52,950 Blackout. 384 00:24:52,985 --> 00:24:57,488 And we'd had several blackouts before this. 385 00:24:57,556 --> 00:25:04,695 On February 25, between the hours of 3:12 and 4:15 a.m., the 37th Coast 386 00:25:04,730 --> 00:25:08,966 Artillery Brigade in Los Angeles fired off a barrage of 387 00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:14,872 antiaircraft shells at an unidentified flying object. 388 00:25:14,907 --> 00:25:18,643 Watchers on the rooftop of the Columbia Broadcasting Building in the 389 00:25:18,677 --> 00:25:21,946 heart of Hollywood could plainly see the flashes of guns 390 00:25:21,980 --> 00:25:27,551 and searchlights sweeping the skies in a wide arc along the coastal area. 391 00:25:27,586 --> 00:25:34,959 I think what woke me up initially was the sound of antiaircraft guns. 392 00:25:35,027 --> 00:25:38,562 I jumped out of bed, and my parents were up. 393 00:25:38,597 --> 00:25:41,732 My father was an air-raid warden. 394 00:25:41,767 --> 00:25:46,938 He figured, this has to be the real thing. (chuckles) 395 00:25:46,972 --> 00:25:50,574 My mother was telling my brother and I, "Get under the bed, get under the 396 00:25:50,609 --> 00:25:51,309 bed! Stay there!" 397 00:25:51,343 --> 00:25:56,147 And, of course, we got out and we peeked. 398 00:25:56,148 --> 00:25:57,915 There was all this firing. 399 00:25:57,950 --> 00:26:02,119 It was almost like a Fourth of July. 400 00:26:02,187 --> 00:26:07,325 I started hearing a lot of loud explosions. 401 00:26:07,392 --> 00:26:12,129 My brother and I looked out the bedroom window, saw searchlights 402 00:26:12,197 --> 00:26:15,766 twisting and turning in the sky. 403 00:26:22,007 --> 00:26:27,578 But what was the strange UFO that the searchlights were focused on? 404 00:26:27,646 --> 00:26:30,181 Where had it come from? 405 00:26:30,215 --> 00:26:31,382 Japan? 406 00:26:31,416 --> 00:26:35,653 Or somewhere from out of this world? 407 00:26:35,721 --> 00:26:38,656 Could this incredible photograph, published the 408 00:26:38,690 --> 00:26:40,024 next morning in the Los Angeles 409 00:26:40,058 --> 00:26:42,893 Times, provide the proof? 410 00:26:42,961 --> 00:26:47,365 Could Ancient Astronaut theorists have been right all along? 411 00:26:47,399 --> 00:26:50,801 It was practically overhead-- and I mean overhead. 412 00:26:50,836 --> 00:26:54,071 Retired anthropology professor C. 413 00:26:54,139 --> 00:26:58,175 Scott Littleton, was nine years old and growing up in Hermosa 414 00:26:58,243 --> 00:27:04,248 Beach when he spotted the strange object hovering right over his house. 415 00:27:04,282 --> 00:27:09,687 We saw what my mother always called a "silver bug." 416 00:27:09,721 --> 00:27:14,825 I'd characterize it today as a lozenge, a long oval. 417 00:27:14,893 --> 00:27:18,062 It was something I'll never, ever forget. 418 00:27:18,096 --> 00:27:23,167 It was caught in searchlight beams, and antiaircraft shells 419 00:27:23,235 --> 00:27:25,803 were exploding all around it. 420 00:27:29,641 --> 00:27:35,713 It gradually went like this, and then began to lose altitude 421 00:27:35,747 --> 00:27:43,821 a little bit as it moved over what had to have been Redondo Beach. 422 00:27:43,889 --> 00:27:48,859 We lost track of it, but the banging continued. 423 00:27:48,894 --> 00:27:53,631 And very quickly afterward, I saw-- we all saw-- a flight of 424 00:27:53,698 --> 00:27:58,702 planes following the track of the object going overhead, 425 00:27:58,770 --> 00:28:02,239 anywhere from three to five interceptors, clearly 426 00:28:02,274 --> 00:28:04,909 piston-driven U.S. planes. 427 00:28:04,976 --> 00:28:11,182 No one has ever admitted that those planes were in the sky. 428 00:28:11,249 --> 00:28:15,686 Our first thought immediately was a Japanese observation plane. 429 00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:20,691 Later, the Japanese records definitively prove there were 430 00:28:20,725 --> 00:28:26,864 no Japanese planes over Southern California that night, or indeed ever. 431 00:28:26,898 --> 00:28:30,234 After ruling out the possibility that a Japanese 432 00:28:30,268 --> 00:28:34,705 plane had invaded American airspace, Secretary of the 433 00:28:34,739 --> 00:28:41,712 Navy Frank Knox attributed the incident to "war nerves." 434 00:28:41,746 --> 00:28:45,716 But Secretary of War Henry Stimson quickly refuted this 435 00:28:45,750 --> 00:28:49,253 explanation, defensively declaring that an actual 436 00:28:49,321 --> 00:28:53,691 aircraft had been the target of the assault. 437 00:28:53,758 --> 00:28:58,696 To this day, no one seems to know just what-- or who-- was 438 00:28:58,763 --> 00:29:02,500 hovering over Los Angeles that night. 439 00:29:06,771 --> 00:29:10,141 Some claimed that the Los Angeles air raid was nothing 440 00:29:10,175 --> 00:29:14,411 more than an elaborate training exercise, a show put on by the 441 00:29:14,446 --> 00:29:19,783 military to keep citizens on the ready in case of a real attack. 442 00:29:19,818 --> 00:29:23,787 Others alleged that the unidentified flying object was, 443 00:29:23,855 --> 00:29:28,792 in fact, a barrage balloon that had broken loose from its tether. 444 00:29:28,860 --> 00:29:32,796 But even that explanation doesn't seem credible to those 445 00:29:32,864 --> 00:29:35,766 who witnessed the actual event. 446 00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,436 One place where there were barrage balloons that were anchored 447 00:29:39,471 --> 00:29:44,141 above the aircraft plants in El Segundo, Douglas North American. 448 00:29:44,176 --> 00:29:47,978 It would have to have slipped its tether, floated north up 449 00:29:48,046 --> 00:29:51,515 to the Santa Monica Mountains, and then back down this way. 450 00:29:51,583 --> 00:29:55,386 Barrage balloons don't maneuver like that. 451 00:29:55,420 --> 00:30:02,793 Regardless of the controversy, one fact is an estimated 14,000 452 00:30:02,827 --> 00:30:06,597 shells were fired at the strange object, and shrapnel 453 00:30:06,665 --> 00:30:11,602 rained from the sky for over an hour. 454 00:30:11,670 --> 00:30:14,972 But what were the guns aimed at? 455 00:30:15,006 --> 00:30:20,844 Would the army really have put civilian lives in danger for a drill? 456 00:30:20,845 --> 00:30:22,246 Major panic. 457 00:30:22,314 --> 00:30:25,849 Six people got killed, uh, due to car accidents and hit by 458 00:30:25,884 --> 00:30:28,252 falling shrapnel in all. 459 00:30:28,253 --> 00:30:32,656 A friend of mine said he witnessed a piece of shrapnel go through his 460 00:30:32,691 --> 00:30:34,225 neighbor's garage roof. 461 00:30:34,292 --> 00:30:39,396 So, oh, yeah, there were some damage from falling shrapnel. 462 00:30:39,431 --> 00:30:43,567 The next morning, there was something in our backyard my mother told me to 463 00:30:43,602 --> 00:30:46,337 go roll up-- it was, like, a tarp or something. 464 00:30:46,404 --> 00:30:50,574 And when I bent down... or kneeled down in the grass, I cut 465 00:30:50,609 --> 00:30:54,211 my knee, and I have my piece of shrapnel. 466 00:30:54,246 --> 00:30:55,846 I've kept it all these years. 467 00:30:55,880 --> 00:31:00,217 There's my shrapnel, and it's very sharp. 468 00:31:03,121 --> 00:31:08,926 By a process of elimination, the most efficient-- and I say this as a 469 00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:14,031 scholar-- the most efficient explanation is that it was what 470 00:31:14,065 --> 00:31:19,937 we would call today a UFO-- something not of this world, 471 00:31:19,971 --> 00:31:23,407 something that belonged to another technology. 472 00:31:23,475 --> 00:31:27,878 If that's true, then this event was one of the largest mass UFO 473 00:31:27,946 --> 00:31:30,114 sightings in history. 474 00:31:30,148 --> 00:31:32,549 Over a million people saw it. 475 00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:39,590 But whether it was a UFO or not, the memories 476 00:31:39,624 --> 00:31:42,860 remain vivid for those who saw something in the sky that 477 00:31:42,927 --> 00:31:44,395 night. 478 00:31:44,429 --> 00:31:48,732 So vivid, in fact, that many of them gather each year at Fort 479 00:31:48,767 --> 00:31:55,939 MacArthur, in San Pedro, California, to reenact this mysterious event. 480 00:31:56,007 --> 00:31:58,042 The city went crazy. 481 00:31:58,109 --> 00:32:01,912 They thought it was we were being attacked by Japanese planes. 482 00:32:01,946 --> 00:32:04,315 Some theories said weather balloon. 483 00:32:04,382 --> 00:32:07,117 Others said, you know, "Oh, I saw a plane, I know I saw a 484 00:32:07,185 --> 00:32:09,486 plane," and others say, "Nope, no such plane." 485 00:32:09,554 --> 00:32:11,889 Back then it was a scary thing. 486 00:32:11,923 --> 00:32:14,625 I think to this day they don't know what they were firing at. 487 00:32:14,693 --> 00:32:18,629 If it was a weather balloon or a flying saucer. 488 00:32:18,697 --> 00:32:21,899 But for those who believe they saw an alien craft 489 00:32:21,933 --> 00:32:27,104 that night, one important question remains: 490 00:32:27,172 --> 00:32:31,375 What happened to it? 491 00:32:31,443 --> 00:32:34,912 The rumor is that it finally crashed in the water 492 00:32:34,946 --> 00:32:38,716 and was recovered by navy divers. 493 00:32:38,783 --> 00:32:45,456 So maybe it was wounded, and it crashed, and this might explain 494 00:32:45,490 --> 00:32:52,229 why the military was so quick to react to Roswell five years later. 495 00:32:52,297 --> 00:32:55,966 Because they may already have had at least some inkling of 496 00:32:56,034 --> 00:32:58,869 what they would find there. 497 00:32:58,937 --> 00:33:02,573 Was Earth really visited by an alien spacecraft 498 00:33:02,607 --> 00:33:07,144 on the morning of February 25, 1942? 499 00:33:07,178 --> 00:33:11,048 And could the global threats posed by World War II have 500 00:33:11,116 --> 00:33:14,051 provided a trigger? 501 00:33:14,119 --> 00:33:20,157 Perhaps the idea is not as farfetched as some would think. 502 00:33:20,225 --> 00:33:24,027 Is it possible that alien spacecraft could have been 503 00:33:24,062 --> 00:33:30,067 mistaken for enemy fighter planes in Adolf Hitler's Germany? 504 00:33:32,669 --> 00:33:36,271 In his 1993 book, The Gods of Eden, author 505 00:33:36,306 --> 00:33:41,910 William Bramley theorized that extraterrestrials played a part 506 00:33:41,945 --> 00:33:46,582 in nearly every catastrophe in human history, and have even 507 00:33:46,616 --> 00:33:54,123 used war as a means to control the growth of the human population. 508 00:33:54,190 --> 00:33:58,727 But while many are skeptic about Bramley's claims, there is 509 00:33:58,762 --> 00:34:04,633 one thing on which they agree-- that the number of reported UFO 510 00:34:04,701 --> 00:34:09,171 sightings always increases during wartime. 511 00:34:09,172 --> 00:34:13,342 In times of war, when vast civilizations are in 512 00:34:13,410 --> 00:34:18,147 conflict, and in c c conflict so terrible that it seems as 513 00:34:18,248 --> 00:34:21,717 though the civilizations will wipe themselves out, suddenly 514 00:34:21,785 --> 00:34:25,454 out of nowhere, UFOs appear. 515 00:34:25,522 --> 00:34:29,458 While skeptics and military historians attribute 516 00:34:29,526 --> 00:34:33,362 these alleged sightings to war nerves or stress, those who 517 00:34:33,463 --> 00:34:39,168 believe in UFOs find the number of instances hard to dismiss. 518 00:34:40,804 --> 00:34:47,709 When World War II broke out in September of 1939, there were 519 00:34:47,744 --> 00:34:51,814 numerous reports of unidentified flying objects spotted over 520 00:34:51,881 --> 00:34:53,182 Hitler's Germany. 521 00:34:53,216 --> 00:34:58,520 Although the term UFO had not yet been coined, the Allies 522 00:34:58,555 --> 00:35:01,890 believed the bogeys, as they were then known, were new 523 00:35:01,991 --> 00:35:06,862 fighter planes being developed by the Nazis. 524 00:35:06,896 --> 00:35:11,700 But the first combat bomber jets, the German Messerschmitt 525 00:35:11,734 --> 00:35:19,708 ME-262, weren't deployed by the German Air Force until 1943. 526 00:35:19,776 --> 00:35:24,079 It certainly doesn't escape notice just how advanced 527 00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:29,852 the Nazi propulsion systems and their aeronautics technology really was. 528 00:35:29,919 --> 00:35:35,691 They had the first operational jet fighter to see combat. 529 00:35:35,758 --> 00:35:39,695 They were building and test-flying aircraft that look 530 00:35:39,762 --> 00:35:46,368 incredibly similar to UFOs that are reported even today. 531 00:35:46,402 --> 00:35:50,038 They had greatly advanced rocket technology. 532 00:35:50,106 --> 00:35:54,743 There have long been rumors about Nazi projects to build 533 00:35:54,777 --> 00:35:59,381 aircraft using UFO technology. 534 00:35:59,382 --> 00:36:03,318 At the end of the 19th century, there was Aleister 535 00:36:03,386 --> 00:36:09,258 Crowley, H.G. Wells, Bram Stoker, who wrote Dracula, avd 536 00:36:09,292 --> 00:36:10,826 Jules Verne, who wrote From 537 00:36:10,860 --> 00:36:12,528 Earth to the Moon. 538 00:36:12,562 --> 00:36:14,162 They were in a society called 539 00:36:14,197 --> 00:36:15,731 The Golden Dawn. 540 00:36:15,765 --> 00:36:17,533 In that society, they actually 541 00:36:17,567 --> 00:36:19,735 believed in the existence, not 542 00:36:19,769 --> 00:36:21,904 only of UFOs, but 543 00:36:21,938 --> 00:36:23,272 extraterrestrials. 544 00:36:23,339 --> 00:36:26,909 That culture influenced Hitler 545 00:36:27,010 --> 00:36:29,244 in the late 1920s, early into 546 00:36:29,279 --> 00:36:30,812 the 1930s. 547 00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,549 In looking for the origins of 548 00:36:33,616 --> 00:36:35,918 the Aryan Race, they went all 549 00:36:35,985 --> 00:36:37,719 the way to India and the Vedic 550 00:36:37,787 --> 00:36:41,557 texts, which talk about UFOs. 551 00:36:41,591 --> 00:36:43,892 So Hitler, in his own way, was a 552 00:36:43,927 --> 00:36:46,562 UFO believer, and sought to 553 00:36:46,629 --> 00:36:48,530 develop his own version of a 554 00:36:48,598 --> 00:36:51,600 UFO, based on the Vedic texts. 555 00:36:51,634 --> 00:36:53,735 To have a dramatic wunderwaffen, 556 00:36:53,803 --> 00:36:55,270 a wonder weapon, that would end 557 00:36:55,371 --> 00:36:58,073 the war. 558 00:36:58,107 --> 00:36:59,374 Although the Nazis 559 00:36:59,442 --> 00:37:00,976 never developed this so-called 560 00:37:01,010 --> 00:37:03,445 wonder weapon, reports of 561 00:37:03,546 --> 00:37:04,813 strange flying machines in 562 00:37:04,881 --> 00:37:06,782 German airspace continued 563 00:37:06,816 --> 00:37:09,251 throughout the war. 564 00:37:09,285 --> 00:37:11,253 But just what was it that the 565 00:37:11,287 --> 00:37:13,455 Allied pilots were reporting? 566 00:37:13,556 --> 00:37:15,791 In the 1940s, as 567 00:37:15,825 --> 00:37:18,894 waves of American bombers were 568 00:37:18,928 --> 00:37:21,063 literally obliterating German 569 00:37:21,097 --> 00:37:26,602 cities-- Dresden, Hamburg, 570 00:37:26,636 --> 00:37:30,806 Berlin-- in these raids, 571 00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,641 American fighter pilots saw 572 00:37:32,675 --> 00:37:33,976 these balls of light coming at 573 00:37:34,010 --> 00:37:34,910 their planes. 574 00:37:34,978 --> 00:37:36,612 They didn't know what they were. 575 00:37:36,646 --> 00:37:38,080 They thought they were German 576 00:37:38,147 --> 00:37:39,815 secret weapons at first. 577 00:37:39,849 --> 00:37:42,317 So they called them Foo 578 00:37:42,352 --> 00:37:43,185 Fighters. 579 00:37:43,252 --> 00:37:46,622 The word feu in French is fire, 580 00:37:46,656 --> 00:37:49,324 and these were balls of fire coming out. 581 00:37:49,359 --> 00:37:52,995 So, instead of Feu Fighters, they were Foo Fighters. 582 00:37:53,029 --> 00:37:56,531 They were seen in large numbers over Germany and 583 00:37:56,599 --> 00:37:59,501 over Western Europe, where they were described variously as 584 00:37:59,535 --> 00:38:03,138 structured craft, or simply, balls of light. 585 00:38:03,139 --> 00:38:06,808 It was so important at the time that the military began 586 00:38:06,876 --> 00:38:09,978 to notice it, and they began to investigate these things. 587 00:38:10,013 --> 00:38:11,813 There were hundreds of cases. 588 00:38:11,881 --> 00:38:15,617 None seemed to be very harmful to planes. 589 00:38:15,652 --> 00:38:18,053 But they were all over the place.! 590 00:38:18,087 --> 00:38:23,625 Curiously, when the Foo Fighters appeared, Allied aircraft would sometimes 591 00:38:23,660 --> 00:38:25,861 experience mechanical failure. 592 00:38:25,895 --> 00:38:30,065 And perhaps most mystifying of all was that some pilots 593 00:38:30,133 --> 00:38:39,875 reported flying right through the UFOs, as if they had no mass. 594 00:38:39,909 --> 00:38:43,879 It was never discovered what the Foo Fighters were or where they 595 00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:48,250 came from, but the theory that they were some sort of German 596 00:38:48,317 --> 00:38:53,355 secret weapon was widely accepted among Allied pilots at the time. 597 00:38:53,423 --> 00:38:57,592 But could the Third Reich have possessed technology more 598 00:38:57,627 --> 00:39:00,896 advanced than even our most modern aircraft? 599 00:39:00,930 --> 00:39:05,067 Some believe what the Nazis had developed was an advanced 600 00:39:05,168 --> 00:39:09,071 mechanism that scientists are still working on today-- 601 00:39:09,105 --> 00:39:12,708 mercury-powered anti-gravity technology. 602 00:39:12,742 --> 00:39:21,583 This involves mercury being in a closed system, like a glass bulb. 603 00:39:21,584 --> 00:39:25,887 Once that mercury becomes spinning in a gyroscopic manner 604 00:39:25,955 --> 00:39:29,958 within a closed system, that creates a lift. 605 00:39:29,992 --> 00:39:33,895 It's electrified lift, it's also a very bright light. 606 00:39:33,963 --> 00:39:38,700 And in fact, many UFOs are described as exactly that. 607 00:39:38,735 --> 00:39:44,606 Towards the end of World War II, the Germans started producing 608 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:47,142 massive amounts of mercury. 609 00:39:47,210 --> 00:39:51,313 And in fact, a number of the U-boats that were later sunk-- 610 00:39:51,347 --> 00:39:54,616 one was sunk near Singapore, another in Norway-- only a few 611 00:39:54,650 --> 00:39:58,954 years ago, they actually found it, and its entire cargo was mercury. 612 00:39:58,988 --> 00:40:02,591 What the few historians have actually written about Foo 613 00:40:02,625 --> 00:40:06,962 Fighters, which is still apparently a secret today, is 614 00:40:06,996 --> 00:40:10,065 they were a kind of mercury plasma ball. 615 00:40:10,099 --> 00:40:16,138 And the purpose of the Foo Fighters was to make a 616 00:40:16,172 --> 00:40:22,778 highly pulsed magnetic charge and field around the bombers, 617 00:40:22,812 --> 00:40:27,048 which would then cut out the engines and interfere with the 618 00:40:27,116 --> 00:40:32,587 electrical systems in the planes. 619 00:40:32,655 --> 00:40:37,959 Could Foo Fighters really have been based on extraterrestrial technology? 620 00:40:38,027 --> 00:40:42,330 If so, where did the Germans get it? 621 00:40:42,365 --> 00:40:47,335 UFO theorists point to the discovery of a flying saucer 622 00:40:47,370 --> 00:40:50,972 that allegedly crashed in the Black Forest, near Freiburg, 623 00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:53,975 Germany, in 1936. 624 00:40:54,043 --> 00:40:59,047 Some believe, German scientists repaired the craft to test its 625 00:40:59,115 --> 00:41:03,985 energy and ppulsion systems, and through reverse engineering, 626 00:41:04,020 --> 00:41:09,090 were able to replicate some of these so-called alien technologies. 627 00:41:09,091 --> 00:41:12,994 Did the Nazis take this craft, and was there some sort of a pact that 628 00:41:13,029 --> 00:41:14,196 happened there? 629 00:41:14,263 --> 00:41:17,165 Did the Nazis-- did they retrieve bodies? 630 00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:20,368 It's hard to pin down how much they had. 631 00:41:20,436 --> 00:41:22,003 Was there contact? 632 00:41:22,038 --> 00:41:24,573 There's always been that theory-- that they had a 633 00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:28,643 captured craft, and that they were reverse engineering it. 634 00:41:28,678 --> 00:41:30,011 It's very possible. 635 00:41:30,112 --> 00:41:35,417 They were truly way more advanced than any culture at thtime. 636 00:41:35,451 --> 00:41:38,420 Thank God for the American know-how, because we were 637 00:41:38,487 --> 00:41:42,791 combating them with our own kind of knowledge and technology, as well. 638 00:41:42,825 --> 00:41:48,930 After World War II, there was an exercise mounted by the Americans called 639 00:41:48,998 --> 00:41:51,766 Operation Paperclip. 640 00:41:51,767 --> 00:41:56,304 The Allies had been confronted with all this amazing technology 641 00:41:56,405 --> 00:41:57,405 from Germany. 642 00:41:57,473 --> 00:42:02,477 The jet engines, airplanes, the rocket engine airplanes, all 643 00:42:02,578 --> 00:42:04,946 these amazing devices. 644 00:42:05,014 --> 00:42:07,949 To give you an example of some of the material that was 645 00:42:08,017 --> 00:42:12,420 collected by Operation Paperclip, right at the end of 646 00:42:12,455 --> 00:42:17,959 the war, Von Braun and his team had begun designing multistage 647 00:42:17,994 --> 00:42:21,596 rockets capable of reaching the United States. 648 00:42:21,631 --> 00:42:26,635 They also had plans for a space station, the classic circular 649 00:42:26,736 --> 00:42:31,506 sci-fi space station, and on this, they had a huge sunlight 650 00:42:31,540 --> 00:42:35,443 collector, a mirror that was designed to focus sunlight down 651 00:42:35,511 --> 00:42:38,980 on the Earth as a kind of death ray. 652 00:42:39,015 --> 00:42:44,686 There were all these wild ideas coming out of that team that 653 00:42:44,720 --> 00:42:49,824 turned it into a very valuable coup for the United States. 654 00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:55,163 Ultimately, it was Von Braun who built the Saturn Five rocket 655 00:42:55,197 --> 00:42:57,599 that took people to the moon. 656 00:43:03,606 --> 00:43:07,575 The story of the World War II Foo Fighters, muc 657 00:43:07,610 --> 00:43:11,313 like that of the Battle of Los Angeles, has been largely 658 00:43:11,347 --> 00:43:15,450 forgotten or dismissed by traditional historians. 659 00:43:15,484 --> 00:43:20,722 But an event that happened just two years after the war had even 660 00:43:20,756 --> 00:43:22,090 the skeptics wondering. 661 00:43:22,158 --> 00:43:26,795 What if aliens really did exist? 662 00:43:26,829 --> 00:43:32,567 And could one of their craft have crashed to Earth? 663 00:43:38,261 --> 00:43:42,164 Mainstream archeologists have long rejected 664 00:43:42,198 --> 00:43:46,234 the notion that extraterrestrial beings had a hand in creating 665 00:43:46,269 --> 00:43:48,870 the pyramids of Egypt. 666 00:43:48,938 --> 00:43:53,875 Theologians and religious scholars refute the idea that 667 00:43:53,943 --> 00:43:58,046 stories of the Bible or the Mahabharata could be describing 668 00:43:58,114 --> 00:44:00,582 alien encounters. 669 00:44:00,616 --> 00:44:04,886 And governments throughout history have officially denied 670 00:44:04,954 --> 00:44:09,891 reports that the Earth has been visited by flying saucers. 671 00:44:09,959 --> 00:44:15,030 But on July 8, 1947, a UFO sighting was reported that even 672 00:44:15,064 --> 00:44:18,333 the United States government had trouble denying. 673 00:44:18,368 --> 00:44:19,301 Why? 674 00:44:19,335 --> 00:44:24,973 Because this time, the report was issued by the U.S. Army. 675 00:44:25,041 --> 00:44:32,347 I'm walking on the Foster Ranch between Corona and Roswell, New Mexico. 676 00:44:32,382 --> 00:44:36,451 Not far from what is called the debris field right over that hill. 677 00:44:36,486 --> 00:44:42,991 And that debris field refers to headlines back in July of 1947 678 00:44:43,025 --> 00:44:49,297 about a disc-- one of those mysterious UFOs-- actually 679 00:44:49,365 --> 00:44:51,933 crashing right out here. 680 00:44:53,136 --> 00:44:58,907 One night in early July, 1947, a major thunderstorm 681 00:44:58,941 --> 00:45:01,476 rolled across New Mexico. 682 00:45:03,112 --> 00:45:07,916 The next morning, rancher Mac Brazel went out to check on the damage. 683 00:45:07,984 --> 00:45:10,285 Mac Brazel went out to make sure everything 684 00:45:10,353 --> 00:45:11,920 was where it was supposed to be. 685 00:45:11,988 --> 00:45:15,524 And he came across this really extensive area of debris, stuff 686 00:45:15,558 --> 00:45:16,725 he had never seen before. 687 00:45:16,759 --> 00:45:20,362 He brought it to the local sheriff's office. 688 00:45:20,430 --> 00:45:26,067 In 1947, Roswell was home to Roswell Army Air Field. 689 00:45:26,102 --> 00:45:31,006 The sheriff called the base, the base sent Major Jesse 690 00:45:31,073 --> 00:45:33,975 Marcel, and at that point, it basically became a military site 691 00:45:34,010 --> 00:45:36,978 as they gathered up every bit of debris they could find. 692 00:45:37,013 --> 00:45:39,548 In their initial report, army officials made a 693 00:45:39,615 --> 00:45:43,385 vague claim of having started the recovery of the debris 694 00:45:43,419 --> 00:45:46,521 "sometime last week." 695 00:45:46,556 --> 00:45:50,091 But why didn't the army report their findings right away? 696 00:45:50,126 --> 00:45:55,430 And why were they so ambiguous about the timeline? 697 00:45:55,465 --> 00:45:59,201 One of the biggest things we have is the newspaper 698 00:45:59,268 --> 00:46:03,839 of July 8, 1947, where Colonel Blanchard issued an order to 699 00:46:03,873 --> 00:46:06,475 Lieutenant Walter Haught, who was a public information 700 00:46:06,542 --> 00:46:09,277 officer, saying basically, we have in our possession a flying 701 00:46:09,312 --> 00:46:12,180 saucer, it's being taken to Fort Worth, to higher headquarters. 702 00:46:12,248 --> 00:46:16,184 Roswell was a real turning point for UFOlogy. 703 00:46:16,219 --> 00:46:20,789 I think that was because the military, for the first time, 704 00:46:20,823 --> 00:46:24,259 admitted that they had a crashed disc. 705 00:46:24,293 --> 00:46:30,065 And because it was admitted at the time, of course, it caused a sensation. 706 00:46:30,066 --> 00:46:33,001 But then, July 9, General Ramey issued a press 707 00:46:33,069 --> 00:46:36,438 release saying, no, it was a weather balloon. 708 00:46:36,472 --> 00:46:43,712 And that started the best-documented UFO cover-up ever. 709 00:46:43,746 --> 00:46:48,984 Army officials referred to the debris as being part of a flying disc. 710 00:46:49,051 --> 00:46:54,589 Internal memos even referenced the crash site as having victims. 711 00:46:54,624 --> 00:46:59,160 So why, less than 24 hours later, did they suddenly decide 712 00:46:59,228 --> 00:47:04,699 that what they had retrieved was nothing more than a weather balloon? 713 00:47:04,734 --> 00:47:09,237 Although Blanchard and Ramey stuck by the revised story, 714 00:47:09,272 --> 00:47:13,108 Lieutenant Haught stood by the contents of his initial report 715 00:47:13,142 --> 00:47:15,176 his entire life. 716 00:47:15,211 --> 00:47:19,214 And those who believe him think modern technology may have 717 00:47:19,248 --> 00:47:25,353 recently provided the irrefutable evidence they have been looking for. 718 00:47:25,388 --> 00:47:29,758 When Major Marcel took the debris to Fort Worth, 719 00:47:29,792 --> 00:47:32,827 and General Ramey spread it out to give this press conference 720 00:47:32,895 --> 00:47:36,031 that it was a weather balloon, there was a picture taken, and 721 00:47:36,065 --> 00:47:37,666 in his hand is a piece of paper. 722 00:47:37,733 --> 00:47:40,101 It's a very little piece of paper. 723 00:47:40,169 --> 00:47:43,004 I mean, and this has been blown up. 724 00:47:43,072 --> 00:47:44,272 And it is a memo. 725 00:47:44,307 --> 00:47:48,276 There is a leading researcher in the field who is pulling the 726 00:47:48,344 --> 00:47:50,278 words out of this. 727 00:47:50,346 --> 00:47:53,815 And they include things like "team at Fort Worth," 728 00:47:53,849 --> 00:47:58,386 "forwarded victims of the wreck," "pod or pan." 729 00:47:58,421 --> 00:48:01,890 And so, every year that the technology improves, General 730 00:48:01,924 --> 00:48:06,494 Ramey may be the one to solve it. 731 00:48:06,495 --> 00:48:13,735 Bob Wood, a researcher in UFOs, had received leaked documents in 1996, and 732 00:48:13,803 --> 00:48:17,339 shared them with me and a few others. 733 00:48:17,373 --> 00:48:21,376 This document called the Interplanetary Phenomena Unit, 734 00:48:21,444 --> 00:48:30,118 with a war department stamp dated July 22nd, 1947. 735 00:48:30,119 --> 00:48:34,189 "The most disturbing aspect of this investigation was that" 736 00:48:34,223 --> 00:48:38,193 there were other bodies found not far from landing zone one, 737 00:48:38,227 --> 00:48:42,731 the Mac Brazel site between Corona and Roswell that looked 738 00:48:42,798 --> 00:48:47,535 "as if they had been dissected as you would a frog." 739 00:48:47,570 --> 00:48:51,606 It does not define, were those bodies human? 740 00:48:51,641 --> 00:48:54,476 Were those bodies non-human? 741 00:48:54,543 --> 00:49:00,081 But suddenly, for me, this electric jolt that came into 742 00:49:00,149 --> 00:49:05,353 holding that document and reading at the end of the '90s 743 00:49:05,421 --> 00:49:10,625 what would explain finally that our government knew that 744 00:49:10,660 --> 00:49:15,163 extraterrestrial biological entities from somewhere else in 745 00:49:15,197 --> 00:49:21,469 the cosmos was interacting with our planet for a very long time. 746 00:49:24,006 --> 00:49:30,178 Five years after Roswell, the United States Air Force coined the term 747 00:49:30,246 --> 00:49:32,000 Unidentified Flying Object or UFO. 748 00:49:33,617 --> 00:49:38,388 In the decades since, thousands of UFOs have been reported 749 00:49:38,422 --> 00:49:41,858 photographed and videotaped all over the world. 750 00:49:41,892 --> 00:49:44,093 Oh, my God. 751 00:49:44,094 --> 00:49:47,964 Perhaps one of the biggest, most revolutionary 752 00:49:47,998 --> 00:49:52,301 pieces of technology to change our view of UFOs and flying 753 00:49:52,336 --> 00:49:54,904 saucers is the videocam. 754 00:49:54,905 --> 00:49:57,507 Whoa, I'm getting a series of lights right there. 755 00:49:57,574 --> 00:49:58,975 I got it, I got it, I got it. 756 00:49:59,009 --> 00:50:01,344 You only have to look at what happened in Phoenix, 757 00:50:01,412 --> 00:50:07,550 Arizona, in March of 1997, when these huge flying boomerangs 758 00:50:07,584 --> 00:50:11,454 went right across Phoenix, right through the whole valley, 759 00:50:11,488 --> 00:50:13,823 heading south to the Mexico border. 760 00:50:13,857 --> 00:50:15,825 These were all caught on cameras. 761 00:50:15,893 --> 00:50:17,193 Network news caught these; 762 00:50:17,261 --> 00:50:18,394 Local news caught these. 763 00:50:18,429 --> 00:50:20,830 You saw these on CNN; you saw these on Larry King. 764 00:50:20,898 --> 00:50:23,833 Oh, there it is, over to the left. 765 00:50:23,901 --> 00:50:27,570 And yes, people called them flares-- of course they did. 766 00:50:27,604 --> 00:50:32,875 But, the fact is, when you see something with your own eyes... Look, dude. 767 00:50:32,910 --> 00:50:33,576 Pat, you got it? 768 00:50:33,644 --> 00:50:34,577 I see it. 769 00:50:34,611 --> 00:50:39,015 ...even if it's on a video camera, suddenly your perspective changes. 770 00:50:39,049 --> 00:50:41,484 And that middle one is moving quick. 771 00:50:41,518 --> 00:50:43,920 It's only the beginning, you guys. 772 00:50:43,987 --> 00:50:48,458 So now, according to recent polls-- Gallup polls and 773 00:50:48,525 --> 00:50:52,728 Roper polls-- well over 50% 774 00:50:52,763 --> 00:50:58,634 of Americans believe that flying saucers exist, and close 775 00:50:58,669 --> 00:51:01,904 to 50% believe that, the government knows that 776 00:51:01,939 --> 00:51:08,277 flying saucers exist, and that the government is hiding that fact. 777 00:51:08,312 --> 00:51:12,348 But why so many UFO sightings after Roswell? 778 00:51:12,382 --> 00:51:14,550 Is it a coincidence? 779 00:51:14,618 --> 00:51:17,920 Or is the world's growing belief in aliens providing 780 00:51:17,955 --> 00:51:21,157 cover for those who might previously have been too afraid 781 00:51:21,191 --> 00:51:23,926 of ridicule to come forward? 782 00:51:23,961 --> 00:51:26,929 Perhaps there is another reason. 783 00:51:26,964 --> 00:51:29,932 Perhaps there are more sightings because there is a 784 00:51:29,967 --> 00:51:35,538 genuine increase in alien visitations-- ever since the 785 00:51:35,572 --> 00:51:38,207 dawn of the Space Age. 786 00:51:38,208 --> 00:51:43,679 There had been plenty of stories of UFOs and aliens, prior to that-- a 787 00:51:43,714 --> 00:51:44,881 lot of sightings. 788 00:51:44,948 --> 00:51:47,884 They weren't as widely reported, somewhat also because 789 00:51:47,951 --> 00:51:51,687 World War II had been going on, prior to that. 790 00:51:51,688 --> 00:51:55,591 But because now we had a crash and there was more room in the 791 00:51:55,626 --> 00:52:01,397 newspaper, so to speak, I think that really helped the subject take off. 792 00:52:01,431 --> 00:52:05,935 If, as some suggest aliens from other worlds truly 793 00:52:05,969 --> 00:52:09,939 are among us and have done their best to keep themselves 794 00:52:09,973 --> 00:52:16,312 hidden for thousands of years-- will they ever reveal their presence? 795 00:52:16,346 --> 00:52:21,250 More importantly, what happens if they do? 796 00:52:21,318 --> 00:52:25,955 And what if it is already happening? 797 00:52:27,516 --> 00:52:35,656 In March 2010, a mysterious pulsating light floated over Cleveland, Ohio, 798 00:52:35,691 --> 00:52:38,593 for 11 consecutive nights. 799 00:52:38,594 --> 00:52:41,929 We're having a sighting right now over the lake. 800 00:52:41,997 --> 00:52:46,000 I'm going to say 270 degrees south. 801 00:52:46,001 --> 00:52:47,268 There are two objects. 802 00:52:47,302 --> 00:52:48,770 One is coming up from the left. 803 00:52:48,804 --> 00:52:50,938 These are extremely close to each other. 804 00:52:51,006 --> 00:52:53,775 There's absolutely no way these are planes. 805 00:52:53,809 --> 00:52:56,844 Right now what's happening is the initial object that came 806 00:52:56,945 --> 00:53:00,581 out-- it's sitting there, it's hovering, it's getting extremely bright. 807 00:53:00,649 --> 00:53:02,583 It's illuminating different colors. 808 00:53:02,651 --> 00:53:06,821 And the second object appeared from, I'm going to say the top left of it. 809 00:53:06,855 --> 00:53:10,858 And now it looks like it's moving around it. 810 00:53:10,893 --> 00:53:11,759 Wow! 811 00:53:11,827 --> 00:53:15,029 They just completely just switched spots. 812 00:53:15,130 --> 00:53:17,198 Oh, my God, this is beautiful! 813 00:53:17,299 --> 00:53:18,499 It knows we're watching! 814 00:53:18,567 --> 00:53:20,668 It knows we're watching! 815 00:53:20,736 --> 00:53:25,039 The Cleveland sighting is one of thousands reported each year. 816 00:53:25,107 --> 00:53:28,209 And while many are proved to be false alarms, others are not so 817 00:53:28,243 --> 00:53:30,845 easily discredited. 818 00:53:30,879 --> 00:53:32,313 Right below it. 819 00:53:32,347 --> 00:53:35,283 A big bright white flash just occurred. 820 00:53:35,317 --> 00:53:38,953 In 1991, Britain's Ministry of Defense assigned 821 00:53:39,021 --> 00:53:42,557 author and journalist, Nick Pope, to track the hundreds of 822 00:53:42,591 --> 00:53:47,562 sightings reported over England, Scotland and Wales every year. 823 00:53:47,596 --> 00:53:55,203 The Ministry of Defence has been looking at the UFO issue since the 1950s. 824 00:53:55,204 --> 00:53:58,940 And the whole reason for looking at these UFO sightings 825 00:53:59,007 --> 00:54:02,376 is not necessarily because the department corporately believes 826 00:54:02,444 --> 00:54:04,846 in extraterrestrial visitation. 827 00:54:04,847 --> 00:54:07,715 It's more to do with keeping a watchful eye on any unusual 828 00:54:07,749 --> 00:54:10,218 activity in British airspace. 829 00:54:10,252 --> 00:54:12,620 Clearly if there's something there that's a little bit out 830 00:54:12,654 --> 00:54:16,023 of the ordinary, we want to know about it. 831 00:54:19,094 --> 00:54:23,731 My beliefs when I was given this job were, I think, what on 832 00:54:23,765 --> 00:54:26,100 earth have I let myself in for here? 833 00:54:26,201 --> 00:54:30,371 I had no particular knowledge or interest in the UFO phenomenon. 834 00:54:30,405 --> 00:54:34,208 Certainly no belief in anything unusual. 835 00:54:34,243 --> 00:54:37,078 But the more I looked back through the archive of old 836 00:54:37,112 --> 00:54:39,981 files, and the more I began to investigate the ones that were 837 00:54:40,015 --> 00:54:43,651 being reported to me on a daily basis, I began to change my 838 00:54:43,719 --> 00:54:47,922 mind, and realized that some of these UFO sightings couldn't be 839 00:54:47,956 --> 00:54:50,825 explained in conventional terms. 840 00:54:50,893 --> 00:54:52,727 It's definitely moving. 841 00:54:52,761 --> 00:54:57,365 Many of the most intriguing cases Pope researched involved eyewitness 842 00:54:57,432 --> 00:55:02,637 reports from pilots, police and military officers-- while 843 00:55:02,671 --> 00:55:09,911 others featured classified radar, video or photographic evidence. 844 00:55:12,347 --> 00:55:15,283 One case that was a particular turning point for 845 00:55:15,350 --> 00:55:18,920 me was the so-called Cosford Incident. 846 00:55:18,921 --> 00:55:23,291 Now, Cosford is a military base in the United Kingdom. 847 00:55:23,325 --> 00:55:27,828 And on the particular night in question, which was 30th of 848 00:55:27,863 --> 00:55:32,266 March, 1993, there was a wave of sightings over a period of 849 00:55:32,301 --> 00:55:34,001 about six hours. 850 00:55:34,036 --> 00:55:36,804 And there were many police and military witnesses. 851 00:55:36,838 --> 00:55:40,808 And two air force bases, Cosford and Shawbury, were 852 00:55:40,842 --> 00:55:45,646 directly overflown by a vast triangular shaped craft. 853 00:55:47,716 --> 00:55:51,285 Now, the meteorological officer at one of these bases described 854 00:55:51,353 --> 00:55:55,990 this to me as the size of a jumbo jet hovering, or moving 855 00:55:56,024 --> 00:56:00,261 very, very slowly, and then accelerating away to the 856 00:56:00,295 --> 00:56:02,363 horizon at incredible speed. 857 00:56:02,464 --> 00:56:07,068 He said many times faster than a military jet. 858 00:56:07,102 --> 00:56:11,739 And this was a man with eight years experience in the air force. 859 00:56:11,740 --> 00:56:16,377 This sighting was thoroughly investigated not only by private UFO 860 00:56:16,411 --> 00:56:19,547 investigators, but also by the British government, who were 861 00:56:19,581 --> 00:56:26,354 unable to explain all of the sightings reported during this incident. 862 00:56:26,421 --> 00:56:32,326 Another intriguing British UFO sighting took place in December 1980. 863 00:56:32,361 --> 00:56:35,997 U.S. Air Force personnel stationed in Suffolk, England, 864 00:56:36,064 --> 00:56:39,533 reported seeing a brilliantly illuminated spaceship that 865 00:56:39,601 --> 00:56:43,871 landed in Rendlesham Forest on two consecutive nights. 866 00:56:53,982 --> 00:56:57,518 What made this case particularly unusual is that 867 00:56:57,552 --> 00:57:01,088 this was not vague lights in the sky. 868 00:57:01,123 --> 00:57:03,991 This was a landed metallic craft that some of the 869 00:57:04,059 --> 00:57:07,161 witnesses claimed they got so close to, they could actually 870 00:57:07,195 --> 00:57:09,530 touch the side of it. 871 00:57:09,564 --> 00:57:14,735 One witness saw strange symbols on the hull, which he likened to 872 00:57:14,803 --> 00:57:16,604 Egyptian hieroglyphs. 873 00:57:16,638 --> 00:57:19,340 He made a sketch of this in his police notebook and took some 874 00:57:19,374 --> 00:57:23,077 photos, though he was subsequently told they didn't come out. 875 00:57:23,111 --> 00:57:27,548 The Ministry of Defence looked at this, and the Defence 876 00:57:27,582 --> 00:57:32,253 intelligence staff assessed radiation readings that had 877 00:57:32,320 --> 00:57:36,457 been taken at the landing site as being "significantly higher 878 00:57:36,525 --> 00:57:37,792 than background." 879 00:57:37,826 --> 00:57:40,895 And that's a direct quote from the government's own assessment. 880 00:57:40,929 --> 00:57:45,900 The British government generated a massive file of information about this 881 00:57:45,934 --> 00:57:48,069 sighting report. 882 00:57:48,136 --> 00:57:51,405 But at this date, it's very unlikely that the actual truth 883 00:57:51,440 --> 00:57:55,276 about the sighting will ever be known. 884 00:57:59,014 --> 00:58:02,516 But in spite of the compelling eyewitness testimony, the Ministry of 885 00:58:02,584 --> 00:58:07,588 Defence soon declared the case closed. 886 00:58:07,622 --> 00:58:12,793 22 years later, when the government declassified files on the Rendlesham 887 00:58:12,861 --> 00:58:16,797 incident, the evidence was inconclusive. 888 00:58:16,865 --> 00:58:19,800 But what stood out was the credibility of the main 889 00:58:19,868 --> 00:58:22,970 witnesses, who were trained military personnel. 890 00:58:23,004 --> 00:58:26,874 Obviously, as a UFO hunter, I've met a lot of people 891 00:58:26,908 --> 00:58:29,210 who've encountered UFOs. 892 00:58:29,211 --> 00:58:32,980 Just flying on a plane for example: You're on a plane, and 893 00:58:33,048 --> 00:58:35,449 suddenly the pilot comes out of the cockpit, and this has 894 00:58:35,517 --> 00:58:38,519 happened on five separate occasions. 895 00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:42,623 And he'll say to me, "I saw a UFO over Phoenix, I saw a UFO 896 00:58:42,691 --> 00:58:46,227 over Texas, half my crew saw a UFO. 897 00:58:46,261 --> 00:58:49,063 And you'll say to the pilot, "Well, well, do you report it?" 898 00:58:49,131 --> 00:58:52,533 And they say when the flight controller says at the airport, 899 00:58:52,567 --> 00:58:55,169 "Do you want to report a UFO sighting," and then bursts out 900 00:58:55,203 --> 00:58:58,539 laughing, what you say is, "No." 901 00:58:58,607 --> 00:59:02,042 There are UFO sightings every single day. 902 00:59:02,077 --> 00:59:07,581 Real people with real sightings of real UFOs. 903 00:59:07,616 --> 00:59:11,886 It is very prevalent as more and more people talk about it. 904 00:59:11,920 --> 00:59:14,989 Something is going on. 905 00:59:15,023 --> 00:59:20,261 In terms of the government response to all this, certainly in Britain, the 906 00:59:20,328 --> 00:59:25,166 Ministry of Defence policy for many years has been to try and 907 00:59:25,200 --> 00:59:27,668 downplay this subject. 908 00:59:27,702 --> 00:59:31,038 Not really in any great sinister attempt to cover up 909 00:59:31,072 --> 00:59:34,508 the truth about UFOs, whatever that might be, but more out of 910 00:59:34,543 --> 00:59:35,509 embarrassment. 911 00:59:35,577 --> 00:59:37,411 There are things in our airspace, we don't know what 912 00:59:37,512 --> 00:59:39,880 they are, and that's not a good place for the government and 913 00:59:39,948 --> 00:59:41,415 the military to be. 914 00:59:41,449 --> 00:59:47,188 On December 1, 2009, the British Ministry o Defence quietly terminated its 915 00:59:47,222 --> 00:59:51,992 UFO project, citing that there had been no credible evidence 916 00:59:52,027 --> 00:59:57,665 that UFOs posed "a potential threat to the United Kingdom." 917 00:59:57,732 --> 01:00:03,270 There are a number of aspects of this decision that 918 01:00:03,305 --> 01:00:05,105 were particularly controversial. 919 01:00:05,173 --> 01:00:10,477 Firstly, UFO sightings are at a ten-year high in the United Kingdom. 920 01:00:10,545 --> 01:00:13,681 So, it seemed the most inopportune moment to pull the 921 01:00:13,715 --> 01:00:18,652 plug on 50 years of research and investigation into the UFO mystery. 922 01:00:18,687 --> 01:00:22,489 The other point that made this particularly controversial was 923 01:00:22,557 --> 01:00:25,492 the way in which the decision was announced. 924 01:00:25,527 --> 01:00:30,331 There was no proactive statement issued on this. 925 01:00:30,365 --> 01:00:33,400 It simply said: The department will not respond to any 926 01:00:33,468 --> 01:00:39,506 inquiries on this subject and will no longer investigate sightings. 927 01:00:41,710 --> 01:00:45,946 One hurdle confronting those in favor of fully disclosing classified 928 01:00:46,014 --> 01:00:50,651 information related to UFOs is the fact that most mainstream 929 01:00:50,685 --> 01:00:54,688 scientists believe that the study of alien phenomena is 930 01:00:54,756 --> 01:00:58,559 little more than just fringe science. 931 01:00:58,593 --> 01:01:02,396 It is this fear of dismissal or ridicule that keeps many 932 01:01:02,430 --> 01:01:05,966 scientists hidden in the shadows. 933 01:01:05,967 --> 01:01:10,671 Our best scientists, who communicate with one another, around the world, 934 01:01:10,705 --> 01:01:16,310 have rules of protocol, which include-- they cannot appear to 935 01:01:16,378 --> 01:01:21,582 be religious... (laughs), they cannot believe in flying 936 01:01:21,616 --> 01:01:23,751 saucers, and they certainly shouldn't hang around with 937 01:01:23,785 --> 01:01:28,088 anybody who believes in flying saucers. 938 01:01:28,123 --> 01:01:31,025 But it's all done, you might say, behind closed 939 01:01:31,059 --> 01:01:35,663 doors, because nobody really wants to draw attention to it. 940 01:01:35,730 --> 01:01:38,933 You know that they understand, you know, that there is a 941 01:01:38,967 --> 01:01:42,036 penalty associated with this kind of research, and so 942 01:01:42,103 --> 01:01:46,373 consequently, it's done, it's done "invisibly." 943 01:01:46,408 --> 01:01:50,678 To be blockaded and stopped by worries about peer reviews and 944 01:01:50,745 --> 01:01:52,212 so forth, to me, is wrong. 945 01:01:52,247 --> 01:01:55,115 We can speculate whether there is life outside this planet. 946 01:01:55,150 --> 01:01:58,085 We can speculate whether there has been a contact with, with 947 01:01:58,119 --> 01:01:58,953 other civilizations. 948 01:01:58,987 --> 01:02:00,988 Why not? 949 01:02:00,989 --> 01:02:06,393 But as more scientists openly embrace the probability that there is 950 01:02:06,428 --> 01:02:10,097 intelligent life existing elsewhere in the universe, 951 01:02:10,131 --> 01:02:15,002 Will the belief that alien beings are visiting us also become more accepted? 952 01:02:19,270 --> 01:02:24,474 What might be the reaction today if extraterrestrials were to 953 01:02:24,509 --> 01:02:30,447 actually arrive on Earth, and make themselves known to us? 954 01:02:30,448 --> 01:02:34,618 Countless science fiction books and films tend to portray 955 01:02:34,652 --> 01:02:39,289 aliens coming either to warn us or destroy us. 956 01:02:39,357 --> 01:02:44,194 Since the 1960s, people have been thinking about: Well, what do we do? 957 01:02:44,229 --> 01:02:45,362 Do we have a Day the Earth 958 01:02:45,396 --> 01:02:47,030 Stood Still scenario, if aliens 959 01:02:47,098 --> 01:02:48,465 come? 960 01:02:48,533 --> 01:02:52,369 Do they warn us that our planet is facing disaster? 961 01:02:52,403 --> 01:02:55,205 Do they attack us, the way the Martians did in War of the 962 01:02:55,240 --> 01:02:56,473 Worlds? 963 01:02:56,507 --> 01:02:59,109 Well, the answer is more 964 01:02:59,177 --> 01:03:00,911 complicated than it seems. 965 01:03:00,979 --> 01:03:01,912 It's not just somebody landing, 966 01:03:01,980 --> 01:03:03,180 and saying, "Take me to your 967 01:03:03,214 --> 01:03:05,549 leader." 968 01:03:10,021 --> 01:03:11,021 The general 969 01:03:11,089 --> 01:03:12,189 consensus today is that if 970 01:03:12,257 --> 01:03:13,523 extraterrestrials were to show 971 01:03:13,558 --> 01:03:16,093 up tomorrow, they'd be hostile, 972 01:03:16,160 --> 01:03:17,561 and they would want to enslave 973 01:03:17,595 --> 01:03:20,731 us and, and battle us and, and 974 01:03:20,832 --> 01:03:21,898 destroy us and all this crazy 975 01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:23,166 stuff. 976 01:03:23,201 --> 01:03:25,902 In my opinion, that won't be 977 01:03:26,004 --> 01:03:27,904 the case because any 978 01:03:28,006 --> 01:03:29,706 civilization that's mastered to 979 01:03:29,741 --> 01:03:32,276 travel interstellar space would 980 01:03:32,343 --> 01:03:35,545 be benevolent to a lesser 981 01:03:35,580 --> 01:03:36,913 advanced society 982 01:03:37,015 --> 01:03:39,182 technologically speaking. 983 01:03:40,184 --> 01:03:41,785 A simple statistic 984 01:03:41,819 --> 01:03:43,920 shows that if we make contact 985 01:03:43,988 --> 01:03:45,355 with extraterrestrial 986 01:03:45,423 --> 01:03:47,057 civilization, we are the new 987 01:03:47,091 --> 01:03:48,258 kids on the block. 988 01:03:48,359 --> 01:03:50,627 We're the ones who are at the 989 01:03:50,695 --> 01:03:52,629 back of the queue when it comes 990 01:03:52,697 --> 01:03:53,563 to intelligence. 991 01:03:53,631 --> 01:03:55,198 So, they'll be teaching us 992 01:03:55,266 --> 01:03:55,966 stuff. 993 01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:57,601 We won't have a great deal to 994 01:03:57,635 --> 01:03:59,269 teach them. 995 01:03:59,370 --> 01:04:00,470 There are a 996 01:04:00,538 --> 01:04:01,972 wide range of benefits that can 997 01:04:02,006 --> 01:04:04,174 be derived from accepting that 998 01:04:04,242 --> 01:04:05,976 we have neighbors in the galaxy 999 01:04:06,010 --> 01:04:06,977 that are visiting us. 1000 01:04:07,011 --> 01:04:07,978 There are reports of medical 1001 01:04:08,012 --> 01:04:08,979 treatments that have been 1002 01:04:09,013 --> 01:04:10,013 performed for the benefit of 1003 01:04:10,081 --> 01:04:11,148 several people who have had 1004 01:04:11,182 --> 01:04:13,183 contact. 1005 01:04:13,184 --> 01:04:14,117 There are advanced energy 1006 01:04:14,185 --> 01:04:15,285 technologies. 1007 01:04:15,320 --> 01:04:16,553 Reports are that some of these 1008 01:04:16,621 --> 01:04:17,621 have been reverse-engineered 1009 01:04:17,655 --> 01:04:18,622 already and are used in 1010 01:04:18,723 --> 01:04:21,458 military craft. 1011 01:04:21,492 --> 01:04:22,726 There are communications 1012 01:04:22,794 --> 01:04:25,362 technology. 1013 01:04:25,430 --> 01:04:26,730 So, really, any area of life 1014 01:04:26,798 --> 01:04:27,998 that we have could be 1015 01:04:28,066 --> 01:04:29,633 beneficially impacted by 1016 01:04:29,667 --> 01:04:31,735 acknowledging that there are 1017 01:04:31,769 --> 01:04:33,370 these other people out there 1018 01:04:33,404 --> 01:04:35,272 that they have information, 1019 01:04:35,306 --> 01:04:36,707 knowledge that they can share 1020 01:04:36,741 --> 01:04:38,608 with us that would benefit us. 1021 01:04:38,643 --> 01:04:39,576 It's going to 1022 01:04:39,610 --> 01:04:40,977 depend how the discovery 1023 01:04:41,079 --> 01:04:41,545 comes about. 1024 01:04:41,579 --> 01:04:42,979 If, in fact, it's a 1025 01:04:43,081 --> 01:04:44,548 distant radio broadcast, 1026 01:04:44,615 --> 01:04:46,249 we might expect one thing. 1027 01:04:46,284 --> 01:04:48,985 If in fact, there's, uh, 1028 01:04:49,087 --> 01:04:50,320 some type of visitations that 1029 01:04:50,355 --> 01:04:52,255 fits in with beliefs about UFOs, 1030 01:04:52,323 --> 01:04:53,724 that might be something else. 1031 01:04:53,758 --> 01:04:55,359 But on the whole, I think 1032 01:04:55,426 --> 01:04:57,461 people are much more prepared 1033 01:04:57,528 --> 01:05:00,997 for, uh, shall we say "contact"? 1034 01:05:04,068 --> 01:05:05,135 Many who believe 1035 01:05:05,169 --> 01:05:07,137 contact with extraterrestrials 1036 01:05:07,171 --> 01:05:09,272 is inevitable suggest 1037 01:05:09,307 --> 01:05:10,273 governments need to prepare 1038 01:05:10,341 --> 01:05:11,007 themselves. 1039 01:05:11,075 --> 01:05:13,143 It's a field of study known as 1040 01:05:13,177 --> 01:05:15,178 "exopolitics." 1041 01:05:15,179 --> 01:05:17,047 Exopolitics poses 1042 01:05:17,081 --> 01:05:18,148 the question: "What should our 1043 01:05:18,182 --> 01:05:20,183 response be to that situation 1044 01:05:20,218 --> 01:05:22,285 at a societal level?" 1045 01:05:22,320 --> 01:05:24,121 Not necessarily at a 1046 01:05:24,155 --> 01:05:25,222 governmental level, but 1047 01:05:25,289 --> 01:05:27,324 actually individuals-- how can 1048 01:05:27,358 --> 01:05:29,226 we reach o with the hand 1049 01:05:29,260 --> 01:05:30,260 of friendship? 1050 01:05:30,294 --> 01:05:31,728 Exopolitics has 1051 01:05:31,763 --> 01:05:33,263 really been a grassroots 1052 01:05:33,297 --> 01:05:34,197 movement of people concerned 1053 01:05:34,265 --> 01:05:35,999 about this issue and want 1054 01:05:36,067 --> 01:05:38,001 disclosure on the UFO subject, 1055 01:05:38,069 --> 01:05:39,403 and also want to help organize 1056 01:05:39,437 --> 01:05:41,471 people locally to get the 1057 01:05:41,539 --> 01:05:43,006 information out to their 1058 01:05:43,074 --> 01:05:44,374 governments and make this big 1059 01:05:44,442 --> 01:05:46,276 change happen. 1060 01:05:46,344 --> 01:05:47,744 But if we reach out 1061 01:05:47,812 --> 01:05:50,080 in friendship, what guarantee do 1062 01:05:50,114 --> 01:05:51,815 we have that it will be 1063 01:05:51,916 --> 01:05:56,153 returned in kind? 1064 01:05:56,187 --> 01:05:57,721 Many scientists, including 1065 01:05:57,789 --> 01:05:59,990 famed theoretical physicist 1066 01:06:00,091 --> 01:06:02,426 Stephen Hawking, believe alien 1067 01:06:02,460 --> 01:06:04,261 beings could pose a threat and 1068 01:06:04,295 --> 01:06:06,830 suggest we do everything 1069 01:06:06,864 --> 01:06:09,199 possible to prevent contact. 1070 01:06:09,267 --> 01:06:11,334 If extraterrestrials, 1071 01:06:11,369 --> 01:06:13,170 or aliens, were aggressive, were 1072 01:06:13,271 --> 01:06:15,005 warlike, and they came here, is 1073 01:06:15,106 --> 01:06:17,174 it a case where resistance 1074 01:06:17,275 --> 01:06:17,841 is futile? 1075 01:06:17,942 --> 01:06:19,643 How do you wipe out life on 1076 01:06:19,710 --> 01:06:20,644 planet Earth? 1077 01:06:20,678 --> 01:06:23,180 That's easy-- a plague. 1078 01:06:23,181 --> 01:06:27,350 Simple-- no UFOs, no zorching 1079 01:06:27,452 --> 01:06:29,085 beams from the sky, no 1080 01:06:29,153 --> 01:06:31,021 explosions, no Empire State 1081 01:06:31,122 --> 01:06:32,456 Building collapsing, 1082 01:06:32,490 --> 01:06:33,356 none of that. 1083 01:06:33,391 --> 01:06:34,458 We can do that. 1084 01:06:34,492 --> 01:06:36,827 Why can't aliens do that? 1085 01:06:38,463 --> 01:06:40,063 To think that 1086 01:06:40,097 --> 01:06:41,465 we would be able to come up 1087 01:06:41,532 --> 01:06:43,166 with some type of a defense 1088 01:06:43,201 --> 01:06:45,168 mechanism or have defenses 1089 01:06:45,203 --> 01:06:47,370 against interstellar traveling 1090 01:06:47,405 --> 01:06:51,441 society is ludicrous. 1091 01:06:51,509 --> 01:06:52,909 Whethercame 1092 01:06:52,977 --> 01:06:55,345 as friend or foe, if 1093 01:06:55,379 --> 01:06:57,080 extraterrestrials did land 1094 01:06:57,148 --> 01:06:59,082 somewhere in the United States, 1095 01:06:59,150 --> 01:07:01,251 it's possible the aliens would 1096 01:07:01,285 --> 01:07:03,086 be greeted by government or 1097 01:07:03,154 --> 01:07:05,088 military personnel wearing 1098 01:07:05,156 --> 01:07:06,556 Hazmat suits and testing for 1099 01:07:06,624 --> 01:07:11,895 harmful pathogens and radiation. 1100 01:07:11,996 --> 01:07:14,097 Many conspiracy theorists 1101 01:07:14,165 --> 01:07:16,266 suspect the government's next 1102 01:07:16,334 --> 01:07:18,602 step would be to cover up 1103 01:07:18,636 --> 01:07:20,070 the visitation. 1104 01:07:20,171 --> 01:07:22,539 They cite as evidence a reputed 1105 01:07:22,607 --> 01:07:23,907 sighting that took place over 1106 01:07:24,008 --> 01:07:27,344 Washington, D.C. in 1952. 1107 01:07:27,378 --> 01:07:28,879 In full view of the 1108 01:07:28,913 --> 01:07:32,249 entire world, a squadron, 1109 01:07:32,350 --> 01:07:34,084 a formation of UFOs buzzed 1110 01:07:34,185 --> 01:07:37,087 Washington and fought our own 1111 01:07:37,188 --> 01:07:39,689 F-93 jet fighters. 1112 01:07:39,724 --> 01:07:42,325 General Samford willingly and 1113 01:07:42,360 --> 01:07:44,327 deliberately-- maybe on 1114 01:07:44,395 --> 01:07:45,862 instructions from Harry Truman, 1115 01:07:45,930 --> 01:07:47,931 who was president-- lied to the 1116 01:07:47,965 --> 01:07:49,566 American people. 1117 01:07:49,600 --> 01:07:50,667 We have received 1118 01:07:50,701 --> 01:07:52,102 and analyzed between one and 1119 01:07:52,136 --> 01:07:53,770 two thousand reports. 1120 01:07:53,838 --> 01:07:55,605 Of this great mass of reports, 1121 01:07:55,673 --> 01:07:58,108 we have been able, adequately, 1122 01:07:58,142 --> 01:08:00,110 to explain the great bulk 1123 01:08:00,144 --> 01:08:01,511 of them. 1124 01:08:01,579 --> 01:08:02,779 His own Captain 1125 01:08:02,847 --> 01:08:04,581 Ruppelt, in his own book on 1126 01:08:04,682 --> 01:08:05,282 flying saucers, says 1127 01:08:05,316 --> 01:08:08,852 Samford was lying. 1128 01:08:08,920 --> 01:08:10,320 We have the letter from the air 1129 01:08:10,388 --> 01:08:13,490 force to Dean Condon, saying 1130 01:08:13,558 --> 01:08:15,559 "Deep-six UFOs." 1131 01:08:15,593 --> 01:08:17,127 So, have UFOs come to planet 1132 01:08:17,194 --> 01:08:18,762 Earth in full view, have 1133 01:08:18,863 --> 01:08:20,130 manifested themselves, have 1134 01:08:20,197 --> 01:08:21,131 shown themselves? 1135 01:08:21,198 --> 01:08:23,133 Yes. 1136 01:08:23,200 --> 01:08:24,134 Did we see it? 1137 01:08:24,201 --> 01:08:25,135 Yes. 1138 01:08:25,202 --> 01:08:26,603 Was there a protocol for 1139 01:08:26,637 --> 01:08:27,504 handling it? 1140 01:08:27,572 --> 01:08:28,505 Yes. 1141 01:08:28,573 --> 01:08:31,308 That protocol was called "deny." 1142 01:08:31,375 --> 01:08:33,577 But if an alien 1143 01:08:33,611 --> 01:08:35,946 visitation proved undeniable, 1144 01:08:36,047 --> 01:08:38,114 who might be chosen to then 1145 01:08:38,215 --> 01:08:39,583 speak to those inside the 1146 01:08:39,650 --> 01:08:42,118 spacecraft? 1147 01:08:42,219 --> 01:08:43,119 Who could best represent all 1148 01:08:43,220 --> 01:08:44,321 the nations and interests 1149 01:08:44,388 --> 01:08:46,356 of Earth? 1150 01:08:46,357 --> 01:08:47,624 If aliens do land 1151 01:08:47,658 --> 01:08:49,092 on Earth, I think we should 1152 01:08:49,193 --> 01:08:50,927 send our best world leaders who 1153 01:08:50,995 --> 01:08:52,562 are the most open-minded 1154 01:08:52,630 --> 01:08:53,797 and reasonable, but who also 1155 01:08:53,831 --> 01:08:56,099 have the ability to defend 1156 01:08:56,200 --> 01:08:59,269 themselves against those aliens. 1157 01:08:59,370 --> 01:09:00,837 In my opinion, 1158 01:09:00,905 --> 01:09:02,539 that's one of the reasons we 1159 01:09:02,607 --> 01:09:03,607 have a United Nations. 1160 01:09:03,641 --> 01:09:05,742 Yes, it prevents wars and 1161 01:09:05,810 --> 01:09:07,711 delivers food, but on the other 1162 01:09:07,745 --> 01:09:10,146 hand, just imagine the Security 1163 01:09:10,181 --> 01:09:12,148 Council itself convening to 1164 01:09:12,183 --> 01:09:14,618 deal with aliens-- an image 1165 01:09:14,652 --> 01:09:15,919 on a big screen at the 1166 01:09:15,987 --> 01:09:17,153 United Nations. 1167 01:09:17,188 --> 01:09:18,555 The answer is I think it all 1168 01:09:18,623 --> 01:09:20,457 happened back in the 1940s, 1169 01:09:20,558 --> 01:09:22,359 and that was one of the reasons 1170 01:09:22,426 --> 01:09:24,260 that Roosevelt and Eleanor 1171 01:09:24,328 --> 01:09:26,463 Roosevelt pushed so hard for 1172 01:09:26,530 --> 01:09:28,431 the formation of a United 1173 01:09:28,466 --> 01:09:30,166 Nations to replace the League 1174 01:09:30,234 --> 01:09:32,168 of Nations. 1175 01:09:32,236 --> 01:09:33,003 Somebody had to confront 1176 01:09:33,070 --> 01:09:35,171 the aliens. 1177 01:09:35,239 --> 01:09:36,606 The notion that 1178 01:09:36,641 --> 01:09:38,808 our leaders-- elected or 1179 01:09:38,909 --> 01:09:39,909 otherwise-- should speak on our 1180 01:09:39,944 --> 01:09:41,911 behalf, I don't necessarily 1181 01:09:41,946 --> 01:09:44,180 think that makes sense. 1182 01:09:44,248 --> 01:09:46,182 There are a lot of people who 1183 01:09:46,250 --> 01:09:47,450 might have better ideas than 1184 01:09:47,485 --> 01:09:48,685 the people who are in 1185 01:09:48,719 --> 01:09:49,452 government. 1186 01:09:49,520 --> 01:09:52,355 I'd like to see a profoundly 1187 01:09:52,423 --> 01:09:54,891 democratic-- with a small d-- 1188 01:09:54,959 --> 01:09:57,460 unauthoritarian interaction 1189 01:09:57,495 --> 01:09:59,896 with aliens. 1190 01:09:59,964 --> 01:10:01,331 Currently, there 1191 01:10:01,365 --> 01:10:02,866 are no known official protocols 1192 01:10:02,900 --> 01:10:04,634 in place for an alien 1193 01:10:04,702 --> 01:10:05,902 visitation. 1194 01:10:05,970 --> 01:10:07,270 But there are those 1195 01:10:07,338 --> 01:10:08,638 who think that contact with 1196 01:10:08,706 --> 01:10:11,174 extraterrestrials is imminent, 1197 01:10:11,275 --> 01:10:12,876 and that our world leaders must 1198 01:10:12,910 --> 01:10:14,444 plan for the event now. 1199 01:10:14,512 --> 01:10:15,979 We are not alone 1200 01:10:16,013 --> 01:10:16,913 in the universe. 1201 01:10:16,981 --> 01:10:18,815 We have friends and relatives 1202 01:10:18,883 --> 01:10:20,884 out there in the galaxies. 1203 01:10:22,787 --> 01:10:25,622 And we need to take on this 1204 01:10:25,690 --> 01:10:27,190 task, one way or the other, of 1205 01:10:27,258 --> 01:10:28,958 just getting the job done, and 1206 01:10:28,993 --> 01:10:30,527 getting to the point where we're 1207 01:10:30,561 --> 01:10:31,961 considering the practical 1208 01:10:31,996 --> 01:10:33,630 details of interacting with 1209 01:10:33,698 --> 01:10:35,065 these friends and neighbors 1210 01:10:35,099 --> 01:10:36,332 out there. 1211 01:10:36,367 --> 01:10:37,867 Who is responsle 1212 01:10:37,935 --> 01:10:39,302 for that relationship? 1213 01:10:39,336 --> 01:10:41,237 Well, the State Department 1214 01:10:41,305 --> 01:10:42,205 isn't. 1215 01:10:42,239 --> 01:10:43,239 The United Nations isn't. 1216 01:10:43,307 --> 01:10:45,208 And I think this is a very big 1217 01:10:45,242 --> 01:10:45,508 problem. 1218 01:10:45,543 --> 01:10:46,509 So where there needs to 1219 01:10:46,577 --> 01:10:49,212 be a diplomatic effort to make 1220 01:10:49,280 --> 01:10:50,780 contact with these interstellar 1221 01:10:50,815 --> 01:10:52,215 civilizations in such a way 1222 01:10:52,283 --> 01:10:54,918 that it puts wiser people in 1223 01:10:54,952 --> 01:10:56,653 charge of that. 1224 01:10:56,687 --> 01:10:58,555 Even if you don't 1225 01:10:58,589 --> 01:10:59,489 corporately believe in 1226 01:10:59,523 --> 01:11:00,690 extraterrestrials, if you think 1227 01:11:00,725 --> 01:11:04,828 the possibility of alien 1228 01:11:04,862 --> 01:11:05,829 visitation is vanishingly 1229 01:11:05,863 --> 01:11:07,330 small, the consequences if it 1230 01:11:07,398 --> 01:11:10,033 does happen are immense, and 1231 01:11:10,067 --> 01:11:11,234 therefore, it's prudent to have 1232 01:11:11,302 --> 01:11:12,502 something in place to deal 1233 01:11:12,570 --> 01:11:13,303 with it. 1234 01:11:13,370 --> 01:11:14,304 Personally, I think 1235 01:11:14,371 --> 01:11:15,772 it would be very, very exciting. 1236 01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:17,273 I mean, it would be just like 1237 01:11:17,308 --> 01:11:18,575 the first time, you know, the 1238 01:11:18,642 --> 01:11:20,210 explorers came from Europe to 1239 01:11:20,311 --> 01:11:21,511 the Americas and discovered a 1240 01:11:21,579 --> 01:11:22,946 whole new culture, and they had 1241 01:11:22,947 --> 01:11:23,913 to interact. 1242 01:11:23,981 --> 01:11:25,181 Hopefully, it won't work out as 1243 01:11:25,282 --> 01:11:26,649 some of the bad things that 1244 01:11:26,684 --> 01:11:27,917 occurred then, it would be a 1245 01:11:27,985 --> 01:11:28,918 more positive experience, and 1246 01:11:28,986 --> 01:11:30,019 maybe we've learned from that 1247 01:11:30,054 --> 01:11:32,021 and we can go forward. 1248 01:11:32,022 --> 01:11:32,989 What would happen 1249 01:11:33,023 --> 01:11:33,990 after any potential 1250 01:11:34,058 --> 01:11:34,991 extraterrestrial contact is 1251 01:11:35,059 --> 01:11:37,193 open to much speculation. 1252 01:11:37,261 --> 01:11:38,628 But most people concede one 1253 01:11:38,696 --> 01:11:41,364 thing: The world as we know it 1254 01:11:41,398 --> 01:11:44,834 would change dramatically. 1255 01:11:44,869 --> 01:11:46,970 The result would 1256 01:11:47,004 --> 01:11:48,338 be that the fundamentalist 1257 01:11:48,372 --> 01:11:49,639 orthodox belief systems of 1258 01:11:49,707 --> 01:11:52,008 every organized religion on 1259 01:11:52,042 --> 01:11:54,244 Earth would collapse. 1260 01:11:54,278 --> 01:11:56,346 Meaning that it would really 1261 01:11:56,380 --> 01:11:57,814 bring into question the origins 1262 01:11:57,882 --> 01:12:00,350 of the human race, uh, the 1263 01:12:00,384 --> 01:12:02,719 genesis stories and a whole lot 1264 01:12:02,820 --> 01:12:04,287 of other issues. 1265 01:12:04,355 --> 01:12:05,355 The very structures 1266 01:12:05,389 --> 01:12:06,723 of government and the very 1267 01:12:06,757 --> 01:12:09,559 structures of religion 1268 01:12:09,593 --> 01:12:11,995 will crumble. 1269 01:12:12,062 --> 01:12:14,831 But in 2008, a 1270 01:12:14,865 --> 01:12:17,267 stunning announcement was made 1271 01:12:17,334 --> 01:12:20,904 from a very surprising source. 1272 01:12:20,938 --> 01:12:23,339 Proof to some that miracles, 1273 01:12:23,374 --> 01:12:27,377 like aliens, do indeed exist. 1274 01:12:31,512 --> 01:12:33,947 The Vatican, Rome. 1275 01:12:34,014 --> 01:12:37,317 This walled enclave has been the center of power for the 1276 01:12:37,351 --> 01:12:40,653 Catholic Church since the fifth century. 1277 01:12:40,688 --> 01:12:45,959 It's not only the Pope's residence, but a place of homage for one billion 1278 01:12:46,026 --> 01:12:51,564 Catholics, and represents nearly 2,000 years of Christian 1279 01:12:51,599 --> 01:12:53,566 teaching and tradition. 1280 01:12:53,601 --> 01:12:59,773 But in 2008, the Vatican made an announcement that some say 1281 01:12:59,807 --> 01:13:04,410 might threaten its own existence. 1282 01:13:08,516 --> 01:13:12,018 The Chief Astronomer of the Vatican Observatory, Father 1283 01:13:12,052 --> 01:13:17,190 Gabriel Funes, acknowledged the possibility alien life exists 1284 01:13:17,224 --> 01:13:20,393 on other planets. 1285 01:13:20,394 --> 01:13:23,029 They basically said that belief in planetary 1286 01:13:23,063 --> 01:13:27,467 life outside of Earth does not negate one's belief in God. 1287 01:13:27,501 --> 01:13:30,870 Now, 500 years ago, if the Vatican would have said that, 1288 01:13:30,905 --> 01:13:35,475 they would've burned everybody on the stake. 1289 01:13:35,509 --> 01:13:39,746 The present Pope, Benedict, of course, has a very scientific bent, and he 1290 01:13:39,780 --> 01:13:45,084 respects intellectual life in, in a way that is, is quite extraordinary. 1291 01:13:45,085 --> 01:13:47,587 He seemed quite open to entertain the idea: What if 1292 01:13:47,621 --> 01:13:49,055 there is life on other planets? 1293 01:13:49,123 --> 01:13:51,658 It's certainly an interesting question for a Christian to 1294 01:13:51,692 --> 01:13:54,294 approach it scientifically, and challenges your belief of how 1295 01:13:54,328 --> 01:13:58,598 much of this you attribute to God. 1296 01:14:02,837 --> 01:14:09,042 Many wondered about the church's motives and timing. 1297 01:14:09,109 --> 01:14:12,745 Why, after centuries of belief in man as God's supreme 1298 01:14:12,780 --> 01:14:16,583 creation and the only intelligent life in the 1299 01:14:16,617 --> 01:14:20,453 universe, did the Vatican make an announcement that could tn 1300 01:14:20,521 --> 01:14:23,289 Christianity on its head? 1301 01:14:23,357 --> 01:14:27,093 Did they know something the rest of us did not? 1302 01:14:29,163 --> 01:14:34,234 This is something that is completely new in the history of the 1303 01:14:34,268 --> 01:14:39,172 church that the extraterrestrial question is 1304 01:14:39,206 --> 01:14:45,178 not only addressed, but at the same time, it's okay. 1305 01:14:45,212 --> 01:14:50,450 I mean, that is a major change in opinion. 1306 01:14:50,517 --> 01:14:54,320 A major change in the status quo. 1307 01:14:54,355 --> 01:14:57,624 And I ask: Why? 1308 01:14:57,691 --> 01:15:00,727 Would it have huge ramifications? 1309 01:15:00,794 --> 01:15:02,262 Of course. 1310 01:15:02,329 --> 01:15:04,097 Does it change anything? 1311 01:15:04,131 --> 01:15:05,365 Of course. 1312 01:15:05,399 --> 01:15:10,069 But at the same time, would that change religion or belief in God? 1313 01:15:10,137 --> 01:15:12,071 Not really. 1314 01:15:12,139 --> 01:15:15,808 Some people say, well, the Catholic Church must know something. 1315 01:15:15,843 --> 01:15:19,812 Maybe they're trying to get ahead of the game here. 1316 01:15:21,882 --> 01:15:26,085 On the other hand, it may just be that they're being very 1317 01:15:26,153 --> 01:15:30,089 clever and simply trying to cover all the bases in case 1318 01:15:30,157 --> 01:15:35,995 there is some great announcement or discovery about alien life. 1319 01:15:35,996 --> 01:15:39,165 Because make no mistake about it, if it is announced that 1320 01:15:39,199 --> 01:15:45,505 alien life has been discovered, people are going to look to 1321 01:15:45,539 --> 01:15:48,341 their religious leaders for some sort of guidance about 1322 01:15:48,409 --> 01:15:55,882 this, whether it's Christians, Jews, Muslims, Hindus. 1323 01:15:55,883 --> 01:16:03,156 If extraterrestrial life was found, then the church would react 1324 01:16:03,190 --> 01:16:08,161 presumably as it does with any data-- see what there is. 1325 01:16:10,931 --> 01:16:13,967 I don't think there would be any conflict in the way that we 1326 01:16:14,001 --> 01:16:16,536 look on our humanity. 1327 01:16:16,603 --> 01:16:21,541 What we would find is that God creates intelligent life 1328 01:16:21,575 --> 01:16:23,676 in a variety of ways. 1329 01:16:23,711 --> 01:16:27,981 And I think what we would learn from that is, we can't restrtrtt 1330 01:16:28,015 --> 01:16:34,053 God to any one mode of making intelligent life. 1331 01:16:34,088 --> 01:16:38,791 The idea that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe has 1332 01:16:38,826 --> 01:16:43,262 been debated by religious leaders, historians and 1333 01:16:43,330 --> 01:16:47,967 scientists, but not everyone agrees how its proof would 1334 01:16:48,002 --> 01:16:53,039 affect human spirituality or the many religious institutions. 1335 01:16:53,073 --> 01:16:57,744 What would happen to our interpretation of the Book of Genesis? 1336 01:16:57,745 --> 01:17:01,814 Well, the Book of Genesis looks at the universe from the point 1337 01:17:01,849 --> 01:17:02,782 of view of Earth. 1338 01:17:02,816 --> 01:17:07,320 We look at the sun, we look at the moon, we look at the stars. 1339 01:17:07,354 --> 01:17:12,992 So, to realize that the Earth is just one small, pale-blue 1340 01:17:13,027 --> 01:17:17,630 dot in this immense universe, I think it would only expand 1341 01:17:17,698 --> 01:17:19,499 our interpretation of Genesis. 1342 01:17:19,533 --> 01:17:23,703 I don't think it would change it in any fundamental way. 1343 01:17:23,737 --> 01:17:26,773 It's an interesting question for Christianity in 1344 01:17:26,807 --> 01:17:29,442 general, since Christianity would teach that salvation comes 1345 01:17:29,476 --> 01:17:34,380 through Jesus who was apparently an earthling. 1346 01:17:34,381 --> 01:17:36,516 Um, what do you do if there are people on Mars? 1347 01:17:36,550 --> 01:17:38,084 Are they saved? 1348 01:17:38,118 --> 01:17:42,422 According to our viewpoint, I don't know. 1349 01:17:42,456 --> 01:17:44,690 Christians have always had this problem that if 1350 01:17:44,725 --> 01:17:48,327 there are aliens out there, are they not to be saved? 1351 01:17:48,395 --> 01:17:49,695 It's not a problem for Jews. 1352 01:17:49,763 --> 01:17:52,565 It's certainly not a problem for Buddhists or Hindus. 1353 01:17:52,633 --> 01:17:55,034 But Christians are in a particular fix. 1354 01:17:55,069 --> 01:17:57,437 For a very simple reason that Christianity alone among the 1355 01:17:57,471 --> 01:18:00,506 world's religions has an incarnation. 1356 01:18:00,574 --> 01:18:03,409 What they mean by that is that God became incarnate in the 1357 01:18:03,444 --> 01:18:09,782 form of Jesus Christ in order to be the savior. 1358 01:18:09,783 --> 01:18:12,418 When you talk to Christians they sort of say, oh, well, 1359 01:18:12,453 --> 01:18:15,054 there isn't a problem really because, you know, we have 1360 01:18:15,089 --> 01:18:17,123 accommodated Galileo, we've accommodated Darwin. 1361 01:18:17,157 --> 01:18:19,092 Why can't we accommodate E.T.? 1362 01:18:19,126 --> 01:18:22,762 Well, I think there is a big difference. 1363 01:18:22,796 --> 01:18:27,967 I think science and religion have more in common than perhaps the 1364 01:18:28,001 --> 01:18:31,771 popular perception suggests. 1365 01:18:31,772 --> 01:18:37,477 The one hand, we have science, which deals with reason and fact. 1366 01:18:37,511 --> 01:18:42,248 On the other hand, we have religion, which deals with faith. 1367 01:18:42,282 --> 01:18:46,419 Science is an evolving proposition, and what we know 1368 01:18:46,453 --> 01:18:50,656 today will almost certainly be reformed and maybe even 1369 01:18:50,691 --> 01:18:54,160 replaced at some point in the future. 1370 01:18:54,194 --> 01:18:57,964 So, to think that science somehow provides the truth in 1371 01:18:57,998 --> 01:19:01,934 contrast to religion, I think is a mistake. 1372 01:19:01,969 --> 01:19:04,770 While scientists and religious leaders may still 1373 01:19:04,838 --> 01:19:08,674 ponder the notion of aliens visiting Earth, ancient 1374 01:19:08,709 --> 01:19:12,879 astronaut theorists claim that the evidence exists in plain 1375 01:19:12,913 --> 01:19:15,781 sight around the world. 1376 01:19:15,849 --> 01:19:19,018 But if this theory was accepted, would we have to 1377 01:19:19,052 --> 01:19:23,422 change our beliefs about our knowledge, our history and the 1378 01:19:23,490 --> 01:19:27,960 very beginnings of human civilization? 1379 01:19:34,808 --> 01:19:40,946 For thousands of years, humans have recorded events that seem to suggest 1380 01:19:40,981 --> 01:19:46,752 other-worldly beings came down from the skies to visit Earth. 1381 01:19:46,786 --> 01:19:51,123 These ancient visitations represent the foundations of 1382 01:19:51,224 --> 01:19:54,960 those who believe Earth was visited in the past by advanced 1383 01:19:55,028 --> 01:19:57,396 beings from other planets. 1384 01:19:57,464 --> 01:20:01,200 These sightings are also said to explain many mysteries 1385 01:20:01,234 --> 01:20:04,303 surrounding our past. 1386 01:20:04,404 --> 01:20:07,039 The most important was religion. 1387 01:20:07,073 --> 01:20:09,408 The Gods have descended to our ancestors' time. 1388 01:20:09,476 --> 01:20:10,943 Now it enters into the holy books. 1389 01:20:10,977 --> 01:20:13,379 Into mythology. 1390 01:20:13,380 --> 01:20:17,316 Now, later, people try, the reason the people try to 1391 01:20:17,384 --> 01:20:20,653 understand this, they make out religions of it. 1392 01:20:20,754 --> 01:20:24,757 But the core is, extraterrestrials have come here. 1393 01:20:24,858 --> 01:20:27,593 That was the beginning of all the big religions. 1394 01:20:27,661 --> 01:20:35,467 There are two main components why we are who we are today as a species. 1395 01:20:35,468 --> 01:20:43,642 One, someone tampered with our genetic make up and two, technology. 1396 01:20:43,677 --> 01:20:48,314 Because all of a sudden, we were doing and building things 1397 01:20:48,348 --> 01:20:53,652 that we would still have difficulties recreating today. 1398 01:20:55,989 --> 01:21:00,359 And the ancient texts are very clear that many of our 1399 01:21:00,393 --> 01:21:06,832 achievements in the past happened due to a direct intervention of 1400 01:21:06,866 --> 01:21:12,304 extraterrestrials that arrived from the skies. 1401 01:21:12,339 --> 01:21:17,910 Ancient astronaut theorists also cite as evidence the amazing similarities 1402 01:21:17,944 --> 01:21:21,914 between isolated cultures all over the planet. 1403 01:21:21,948 --> 01:21:25,851 Why did different civilizations build immense megalithic 1404 01:21:25,885 --> 01:21:29,755 structures to honor other-worldly beings? 1405 01:21:29,823 --> 01:21:37,997 Why do so many ancient texts seem to reference men flying in the sky? 1406 01:21:38,031 --> 01:21:41,734 And why do the ancient Egyptians, Hopi Indians and 1407 01:21:41,835 --> 01:21:46,305 the Dogon tribe of North Africa all believe their ancestors 1408 01:21:46,373 --> 01:21:50,442 came from what we know as the constellation Sirius? 1409 01:21:50,477 --> 01:21:52,745 TSOUKALOS If the extraterrestrials wanted to 1410 01:21:52,846 --> 01:21:57,716 leave behind a message of where they came from, then it would 1411 01:21:57,751 --> 01:22:03,722 serve them very well to build those structures with a 1412 01:22:03,757 --> 01:22:08,727 reference to their location of origin. 1413 01:22:08,762 --> 01:22:12,197 So, if we have connections to the Sirius star system, well, 1414 01:22:12,232 --> 01:22:16,935 it would lend us to believe that here we have a reference 1415 01:22:16,970 --> 01:22:19,738 of where they might come from. 1416 01:22:22,575 --> 01:22:29,014 The question of extraterrestrial life is as old as civilization itself. 1417 01:22:29,082 --> 01:22:33,385 Ancient astronaut theorists, as well as many noted scientists, 1418 01:22:33,420 --> 01:22:37,022 point to the immense size of the universe and concede that 1419 01:22:37,090 --> 01:22:43,295 other beings must exist somewhere else besides Earth. 1420 01:22:43,329 --> 01:22:49,468 But the question remains: Did aliens visit us in the past? 1421 01:22:49,502 --> 01:22:53,572 And is it happening again? 1422 01:22:53,573 --> 01:22:56,809 The way we look at history is very fragile. 1423 01:22:56,910 --> 01:22:59,745 Any discovery, which is made somewhere, can change the way 1424 01:22:59,813 --> 01:23:02,247 we look upon history. 1425 01:23:02,248 --> 01:23:06,819 I think if we were to identify that an alien presence has been 1426 01:23:06,853 --> 01:23:12,191 here on Earth in the past, I think there are two very important questions. 1427 01:23:12,258 --> 01:23:15,928 Did E.T. just come by and visit, and then disappear? 1428 01:23:15,962 --> 01:23:20,799 Or did E.T. come, stay and contribute to civilization? 1429 01:23:20,834 --> 01:23:24,603 I think the second one is far more important, because it 1430 01:23:24,637 --> 01:23:26,171 shows us far more. 1431 01:23:26,206 --> 01:23:29,908 It actually rewrites mankind's identity rather than just 1432 01:23:29,976 --> 01:23:33,078 whether or not, you know, some extraterrestrial being came 1433 01:23:33,113 --> 01:23:37,983 here on a holiday and then left without really leaving something behind. 1434 01:23:38,017 --> 01:23:44,990 In all of the ancient texts, there is one thing that is very clear, and 1435 01:23:45,058 --> 01:23:49,828 that is that these gods one day will return. 1436 01:23:53,199 --> 01:23:58,170 But short of an alien spacecraft landing on the White House lawn, ancient 1437 01:23:58,238 --> 01:24:03,575 astronaut theorists know there will always be skeptics. 1438 01:24:03,576 --> 01:24:06,645 People are always looking for an ultimate proof of the existence of 1439 01:24:06,679 --> 01:24:09,882 extraterrestrial intelligent beings. 1440 01:24:09,916 --> 01:24:14,987 But I think a more useful and honest question is: how much 1441 01:24:15,021 --> 01:24:19,825 and what kind of evidence would be enough for you to believe 1442 01:24:19,893 --> 01:24:21,827 that they are out there? 1443 01:24:21,895 --> 01:24:24,163 That they have been visiting us? 1444 01:24:24,230 --> 01:24:28,333 I believe through the experiences that shamans have been documenting 1445 01:24:28,401 --> 01:24:31,904 and reporting for tens of thousands of years, that we are 1446 01:24:31,971 --> 01:24:38,110 in contact with enentities and beings that are not of this Earth. 1447 01:24:38,178 --> 01:24:40,179 But precisely what those entities and beings are, 1448 01:24:40,213 --> 01:24:42,815 remains to be established. 1449 01:24:42,849 --> 01:24:47,820 There is evidence that indicates that it's possible that humans were 1450 01:24:47,854 --> 01:24:51,290 visited by extraterrestrials in the distant past. 1451 01:24:51,357 --> 01:24:55,828 And if we are too quick to discard that possibility, then 1452 01:24:55,862 --> 01:24:58,163 we might be shutting ourselves out from something that might 1453 01:24:58,198 --> 01:25:01,366 be really fascinating and might take us to a next level that we 1454 01:25:01,401 --> 01:25:03,836 can't even imagine. 1455 01:25:05,104 --> 01:25:09,374 It's very possible that those extraterrestrials who've 1456 01:25:09,475 --> 01:25:14,279 allegedly been coming here for thousands of years, I mean, they are us. 1457 01:25:14,347 --> 01:25:16,081 They look like us. 1458 01:25:16,115 --> 01:25:22,187 And, in fact, that's part again of the Bible in that the God, 1459 01:25:22,222 --> 01:25:26,892 or the Gods created us in their image. 1460 01:25:26,926 --> 01:25:30,462 I mean, we are to be like them. 1461 01:25:30,496 --> 01:25:32,531 We are to look like them. 1462 01:25:32,565 --> 01:25:36,535 We are to have the technology they have. 1463 01:25:36,569 --> 01:25:40,005 We're to go into space just like they did. 1464 01:25:40,073 --> 01:25:43,175 I think there is life, simple life, bacterial 1465 01:25:43,209 --> 01:25:45,544 life, microbial life on other planets. 1466 01:25:45,612 --> 01:25:49,214 I think we're going to find that. 1467 01:25:49,215 --> 01:25:50,182 And who knows? 1468 01:25:50,216 --> 01:25:54,186 Maybe one day we'll find some other planet that's capable of 1469 01:25:54,220 --> 01:25:57,890 sustaining life that has evolved people over a long 1470 01:25:57,924 --> 01:26:00,926 period of time that are also looking up at the stars, 1471 01:26:00,994 --> 01:26:04,897 wondering: Is there anybody else out there? Are we the only ones? 1472 01:26:04,931 --> 01:26:08,066 We are a species of explorers. 1473 01:26:08,101 --> 01:26:10,435 So, ultimately, we will come 1474 01:26:10,470 --> 01:26:15,540 across some other type of intelligence. 1475 01:26:15,575 --> 01:26:21,914 And when that happens, if that society, technologically speaking, is 1476 01:26:21,981 --> 01:26:29,721 primitive, we'll become ancient astronauts with that culture. 1477 01:26:29,789 --> 01:26:32,624 Human history has become too much a matter of 1478 01:26:32,725 --> 01:26:40,532 dogma taught by professionals in ivory towers as though it's all fact. 1479 01:26:40,600 --> 01:26:43,735 Actually, much of human history is up for grabs. 1480 01:26:43,803 --> 01:26:46,905 The further back you go, the more that the history that's 1481 01:26:46,973 --> 01:26:49,241 taught in the schools and universities begins to look 1482 01:26:49,275 --> 01:26:52,010 like some kind of fairy story. 1483 01:26:52,078 --> 01:26:56,415 We have logic, we have intuition, we have our senses. 1484 01:26:56,449 --> 01:27:00,519 And to limit ourselves to the scientific route is a mistake. 1485 01:27:00,520 --> 01:27:05,524 We can send people on the moon, we can plan journeys to Mars, 1486 01:27:05,558 --> 01:27:09,094 we can make cell phones, but we haven't explained the 1487 01:27:09,162 --> 01:27:13,732 fundamental questions that we should be dealing with. 1488 01:27:13,733 --> 01:27:15,167 Where do we come from? 1489 01:27:15,268 --> 01:27:17,970 What are we supposed to do here? 1490 01:27:18,004 --> 01:27:19,972 And where are we going? 1491 01:27:20,006 --> 01:27:22,808 We really have not come with the answers, and we know no 1492 01:27:22,842 --> 01:27:27,145 better than the ancients that we're trying to explain. 1493 01:27:27,180 --> 01:27:33,719 Exploring the ancient astronaut theory is the ultimate quest to find out 1494 01:27:33,786 --> 01:27:35,354 where did we come from? 1495 01:27:35,388 --> 01:27:37,990 How did it all begin? 1496 01:27:38,057 --> 01:27:41,626 And most importantly, who are we? 1497 01:27:41,661 --> 01:27:46,264 And the ancient astronaut theory has the capability of 1498 01:27:46,332 --> 01:27:49,501 answering all those questions. 128994

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