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Space ships over Los Angeles...
body snatchers controlling our minds...
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E.T.'s making contact.
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These and other alien-based scenarios
have been the plotlines of countless
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science-fiction movies
and television shows.
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But what if extraterrestrial
beings came to Earth tomorrow?
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Would they signal the birth
of a new age of peace and
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prosperity, or trigger
a war of the worlds?
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The day that it's announced
we're not alone is the day that
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this planet changes forever.
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The very structures of
government and the very
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structures of religion will crumble.
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Everybody wants to meet an alien.
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But we have to start small.
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We have to learn how to
walk before we can run.
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Millions of people around
the world believe we have
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been visited in the past by
extraterrestrial beings.
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What if it were true?
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Did ancient aliens really
help to shape our history?
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And if so, what might happen...
when they return?
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Throughout human history,
man has gazed up at the
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stars in awe and with wonder.
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Our ancient ancestors charted
their movements, identified
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constellations, and marked time by
creating celestial-based calendars.
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The stars also became the source
of countless myths and legends.
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Many of these describe visitors
coming down to Earth from
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somewhere out there.
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Others speak of entire civilizations
existing out in the cosmos.
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The ancient Sanskrit writings of India
tell us, for example, there are
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400,000 human-like species
scattered throughout the cosmos
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in different planets, different solar
systems, even different dimensions.
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But where are these alien beings?
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Did they come to Earth in the
past, as the Ancient Astronaut
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theory suggests, and then leave?
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If so, will they ever come back?
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Today, scientists around the
world have stopped waiting
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around and are taking steps to find
intelligent extraterrestrial life.
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Will technology finally be
able to prove what our ancient
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ancestors believed
thousands of years ago?
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In 1960, astronomer and
physicist Frank Drake set up an
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unusual telescope in the
hills of West Virginia.
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The strange device was made
from surplus World War II radar
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equipment, but rather than
containing a traditional
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optical lens, it housed a
directional radio antenna.
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A few simple calculations showed that
radio telescopes have the power to
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transmit and receive across
literally interstellar distances.
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We're talking many light-years.
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So Frank Drake turned a radio
telescope on a couple of nearby
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stars and tuned in to see if he could
pick up a message from the aliens.
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So this was a sort of
crazy thing to do.
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Drake failed to pick up
any sounds that day, but
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the science of radio
astronomy was born.
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If we couldn't see aliens in
space, maybe we could hear them.
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The things we've focused on in the past
for searching for extraterrestrial
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life is really passively trying
to discover signals on the basis
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that if they were technologically
advanced, they would have some form of
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electricity like we do, and all
electricity generates radiation.
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And it sends out the signals,
and hopefully we detect it.
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In 1961, Frank Drake and a group
of astronomers, physicists and
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biologists formed a privately
funded organization called SETI:
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The Search for Extra-Terrestrial
Intelligence.
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Their goal was to focus massive radio
telescopes towards space and listen.
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Drake estimated the probability
that intelligent life existed
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out in the universe in a formula that
became known as the Drake Equation.
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The Drake equation is like a
bridge between scientists and
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non-scientists, because it
explains what you would want to
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know to give a number about how
common alien life could be.
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There are multiple factors
within the Drake equation.
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Like the fraction of stars that
could have planets; and the
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fraction of those planets that
could be habitable; and the
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fraction of those that might
have liquid water; and how many
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could have evolved intelligent life?
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And then one important factor
is the lifetime of those
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civilizations, and
that is a big unknown.
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We only know of one--
that's ourselves.
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And how long are we gonna be
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around?
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That's to be determined.
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Using his equation, Drake estimated
that over one hundred million advanced
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civilizations could exist in
just the Milky Way galaxy.
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SETI presupposes that if you've got
an alien civilization capable of
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traveling that's developed electronics,
they have a fingerprint.
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That fingerprint is a
repetitive signal.
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A repetitive signal will tell
them that it's not just noise,
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junk frequencies out there, but a
real attempt at communicating,
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maybe not with us,
but with each other.
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On August 15, 1977, astronomer Dr.
Jerry Ehman
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was working on a SETI project at
Ohio State University when he
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recorded an intermittent signal
coming from the direction of the
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constellation Sagittarius.
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The signal lasted 72
seconds before being lost.
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Ehman believed that it was
of extraterrestrial origin.
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But despite repeated searches
and increasingly larger
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telescopes, the signal has
never again been detected.
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But what if SETI intercepts a
transmission from another world?
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What would happen next?
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According to SETI's
Post-Detection Protocols, once
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an extraterrestrial radio signal
is confirmed, news of the event
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should be kept secret until the
authorities have been notified.
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The government will then decide whether
or not to try and make contact.
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I think all bets are off.
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Because here's this message.
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It could contain enormously
important information that
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would transform our society
and maybe destabilize it.
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What is it gonna mean for the
future of our civilization?
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These are momentous questions.
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Today, SETI continues to scan the
vicinities of nearby stars for
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artificially produced signals
using several of the world's
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largest telescopes.
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In the next several years, when
it becomes fully operational,
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SETI's new Allen Telescope
Array will allow for the
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reconnaissance of up
to a million stars.
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SETI has to search a huge, huge area.
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They'll tell you that now they
have searched the equivalent of,
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like, a glass of water compared
to the entire ocean on Earth.
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They have a long way to go.
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While SETI listens passively
to signals from outer
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space, NASA has attempted to
contact alien life directly,
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through messages sent
aboard its space probes.
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It's a long shot, but
there's no reason, in my
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mind, not to expect that
life evolved elsewhere.
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What's harder to predict, or
try and understand, is how
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likely is it that it happened
close enough that there'd be
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someone we could actually
communicate with.
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In 1972, NASA agreed to attach small
plaques onto the outside of its twin
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Pioneer space probes, the first
human-built objects destined to
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leave our solar system.
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NASA contacted Cornell
University professor, Dr.
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Carl Sagan, to craft the message.
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Carl Sagan was one of the
most active astronomers in
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the search for life
outside our planet.
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He was a very prominent
scientist, he was an excellent
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astronomer, and he really did a
lot to help us understand how
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we might contact other life or detect
life elsewhere in the universe.
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Sagan, along with SETI founder Frank
Drake, designed a gold-anodized
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aluminum plaque, measuring
roughly six by nine inches, that
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contained a collection of symbolic
images representing humans and Earth.
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The man and the woman were nude, and
the gentleman was holding one arm up
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like this in what was intended to be
a sign of, uh, a sign of greeting.
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A schematic design of the solar system
was also shown, with the planned
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trajectory of the Pioneer
spacecraft marked on it, and a
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diagram of 14 pulsar stars
around the sun made a chart that
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might help someone work out
where the craft originated.
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We tried to give them an idea of
where we're located-- and that's an
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interesting problem, is to
figure out how you would tell
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someone where you're located in
space, 'cause you don't know
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where they're gonna find it.
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And it was all in a very stylistic
design, but in an attempt to hopefully
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communicate at least
some of these ideas.
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Five years later, in 1977, Dr.
Sagan got a second chance at designing an
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interstellar message when NASA
agreed to attach another one to
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the Voyager space probes.
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This time, Sagan created
a record album made of
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gold-plated copper, along with
a series of basic instructions
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in how to make it work.
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Sagan estimated that the
metallic disc could survive in
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space for at least a billion years.
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One of the challenges with
technology is trying to
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figure out one that can do what
you want-- so here you want to
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encode audio, and even some video
images, but do it in a way
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that almost any other technologically
advanced society could figure out.
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And the advantage of a record
player is, it's both mechanical
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and electrical.
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The grooves are obvious.
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And so, they actually put on the cover
instructions on how to play it.
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The recording included a wide variety
of sounds-- a baby's cry... wind...
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Surf and rain, animal noises,
as well as classical and
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cultural music from around the world.
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One interesting song selection
was Chuck Berry's rock 'n roll
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hit, "Johnny B. Goode."
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Music is a good choice 'cause almost
anything vibrates and makes sound.
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So I would have bet that almost
any culture would develop music.
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I believe it's Bach who gets
the most time on the record.
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I don't know why they picked
that, to be honest, but he is
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one of the more mathematical
composers, and that might have
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been one of the reasons, because
math is a more universal language.
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Sagan also included a wide
array of photographs of
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well-known man-made structures and
greetings in 55 different languages.
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I think the most important one
is the Sumerian language.
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Now, why would they include
Sumerian on that record?
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Well, according to the ancient
alien theory, ancient Sumeria is
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the first place where we made contact
with an extraterrestrial entity.
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At this point, we obviously haven't
learned anything yet about
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extraterrestrial life, because
we haven't been contacted back.
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But I think for our own
purposes, any time you try and
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go and figure out how you want
to communicate something, it
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pushes your boundaries and
understanding of communication itself.
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We all want to find aliens.
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Whether it's the planetary
scientists looking for signs of
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life on another distant planet.
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Whether it's the ancient alien
proponents who want to find
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signs of life of aliens
who visited in the past.
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And whether it's people today
who want to have experiences
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with UFOs and aliens that
have visited them recently.
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All of us are trying
to do the same thing.
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While the search for extraterrestrial
beings continues, a new space-based
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telescope is hunting for
planets that may contain life.
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Are there other earths out there?
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And if so, how will we find them?
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Ignition.
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Lift off.
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Lift off... On March 6, 2009, NASA
launched a Delta II rocket into space.
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On board was a new telescope
named in honor of German
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astronomer, Johannes Kepler.
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The space-based telescope was
designed specifically to
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discover the existence of
Earth-like planets located
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outside our own solar system.
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The Kepler search is focused on
a specific section of the Milky
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Way known as Orion's Spur.
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Kepler's job is to answer the question,
how common are other Earths?
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To do this, Kepler's looking at
one part of the sky for three-
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and-a-half years.
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Imagine, like, keeping your eyes
open and staring at just one
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part of the sky.
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And what they're doing is
they're looking at stars.
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And then, as a planet goes
around that star, when the
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planet gets in front of the
star, the starlight dims, just
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a little bit, from our vantage
point, 'cause it is being
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blocked by the planet.
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And so, you look for that
dimming of those stars.
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And then that's how you're
able to detect these planets.
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So far, the Kepler telescope has
confirmed the existence of five planets
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outside our own solar system.
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NASA officials expect to find
several hundred more exoplanets
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like these before their
mission is completed.
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Once a planet has been located,
scientists must then determine
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if it might contain water.
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We know from Earth that all life
on Earth requires liquid water.
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So that is the approach that
we've been taking for looking
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for life elsewhere in the
universe-- follow the water.
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And so, that is the step one.
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On Earth, wherever we find
liquid water, we find life.
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And it's true.
234
00:15:51,528 --> 00:15:56,332
Life on Earth can exist under an
extraordinary range of conditions.
235
00:15:56,366 --> 00:16:00,870
There are extreme organisms that
live in the scalding effluent
236
00:16:00,904 --> 00:16:04,807
coming out of the Earth's
crust deep beneath the ocean.
237
00:16:04,875 --> 00:16:07,710
There are other remarkable
organisms living in the waste
238
00:16:07,811 --> 00:16:12,581
pools of nuclear reactors of extreme
radiation environments and so on.
239
00:16:12,582 --> 00:16:15,618
But the one thing that seems to
be absolutely necessary for life
240
00:16:15,686 --> 00:16:18,354
as we know it is liquid water.
241
00:16:18,388 --> 00:16:25,127
To determine if a planet contains water
and possibly life, scientists use
242
00:16:25,195 --> 00:16:30,499
special telescopes to
analyze its atmosphere.
243
00:16:30,534 --> 00:16:33,602
We look at the light
coming from the planet.
244
00:16:33,670 --> 00:16:37,306
And we split that light
up, like a rainbow.
245
00:16:37,374 --> 00:16:40,309
Now if you look at a rainbow in
the sky, and you look really,
246
00:16:40,377 --> 00:16:43,145
really carefully, you
will see some dark lines.
247
00:16:43,213 --> 00:16:45,748
You'll see some colors
missing from the rainbow.
248
00:16:45,782 --> 00:16:48,517
And those colors are missing
because of absorption by gases
249
00:16:48,585 --> 00:16:49,852
in Earth's atmosphere.
250
00:16:49,886 --> 00:16:53,489
So effectively, we're getting a
rainbow from another planet, and
251
00:16:53,557 --> 00:16:56,692
we're looking for dark lines
that tell us what kinds of gases
252
00:16:56,727 --> 00:16:57,860
are in the atmosphere.
253
00:16:57,928 --> 00:17:04,033
To better understand how life affects
its atmosphere, NASA scientists
254
00:17:04,101 --> 00:17:09,405
study microbial mats at California's
Moss Landing Wildlife Area.
255
00:17:09,506 --> 00:17:12,875
Microbial mats are important to
NASA for a whole bunch of reasons.
256
00:17:12,943 --> 00:17:15,044
The organisms that are in
microbial mats have been on
257
00:17:15,078 --> 00:17:17,513
Earth just about longer than
any other kind of organism.
258
00:17:17,581 --> 00:17:20,683
They make a number of things
which we call biomarkers which
259
00:17:20,751 --> 00:17:23,386
are important in our search
for life on other planets.
260
00:17:23,420 --> 00:17:26,389
So, there are textural
biomarkers, so when you pull up
261
00:17:26,423 --> 00:17:30,393
a piece of microbial mat and
look at the surface-- what does
262
00:17:30,427 --> 00:17:31,460
that look like?
263
00:17:31,495 --> 00:17:34,463
One of the things that we're
doing with these microbial mats
264
00:17:34,498 --> 00:17:36,732
is, we're measuring the
fluxes of methane.
265
00:17:36,767 --> 00:17:39,201
Methane is a gas that's
produced by certain kinds of
266
00:17:39,236 --> 00:17:42,772
organisms that use the organic
matter that's in these mats.
267
00:17:42,806 --> 00:17:45,574
And when that methane goes
into our atmosphere, it can be
268
00:17:45,642 --> 00:17:48,177
detected by other missions, such
as terrestrial planet finder, is
269
00:17:48,211 --> 00:17:52,014
one of NASA's concept missions
for looking for gases that arere
270
00:17:52,082 --> 00:17:54,984
produced by life on exoplanets.
271
00:17:55,018 --> 00:17:59,355
We can look for the signature
of oxygen or water on
272
00:17:59,423 --> 00:18:01,791
a planet, and at least that
would give us an idea of
273
00:18:01,825 --> 00:18:05,361
life-forms like ourselves-- ones
that are carbon-based, and use
274
00:18:05,429 --> 00:18:08,731
oxygen and carbon dioxide cycles.
275
00:18:08,765 --> 00:18:11,967
Our atmosphere is not stable
without living organisms.
276
00:18:12,002 --> 00:18:14,637
It would have evaporated away by now.
277
00:18:14,704 --> 00:18:17,873
And so, if you're looking out in
space, and you detect around a
278
00:18:17,908 --> 00:18:22,077
star a signature of the chemicals
that we know exist for
279
00:18:22,112 --> 00:18:25,014
life, that's very strong
evidence that life is there.
280
00:18:25,081 --> 00:18:27,450
That doesn't help you know if
it's intelligent life, but it
281
00:18:27,551 --> 00:18:31,187
does give you an evidence for life.
282
00:18:31,188 --> 00:18:35,157
With a universe literally
full of possibilities,
283
00:18:35,192 --> 00:18:41,730
planet hunters focus their search on
an area they call a Goldilocks Zone.
284
00:18:41,765 --> 00:18:44,633
The Goldilocks Zone for
planets is the place where
285
00:18:44,668 --> 00:18:48,971
a planet is not too hot, not
too cold, but just the right
286
00:18:49,005 --> 00:18:50,506
temperature for life.
287
00:18:50,540 --> 00:18:54,977
Right now, we know of no planets
like Earth in a Goldilocks Zone.
288
00:18:55,078 --> 00:18:56,712
One planet comes close.
289
00:18:56,780 --> 00:19:00,449
It's called Gliese 581D.
290
00:19:00,484 --> 00:19:02,985
But we're not entirely sure if
that planet is really in the
291
00:19:03,019 --> 00:19:06,489
Goldilocks Zone or not.
292
00:19:06,490 --> 00:19:08,824
In recent years, it's been
recognized that there's
293
00:19:08,892 --> 00:19:10,459
more than one Goldilocks Zone.
294
00:19:10,494 --> 00:19:15,965
For example, there could be
life inside icy planetesimals,
295
00:19:15,999 --> 00:19:18,000
these like small planets
or large moons.
296
00:19:18,034 --> 00:19:22,004
The moon of Jupiter, Europa,
is a very good example.
297
00:19:22,072 --> 00:19:25,708
Europa is liquid beneath an ice cap.
298
00:19:25,775 --> 00:19:29,078
It's liquid underneath because
of tidal heating and friction
299
00:19:29,145 --> 00:19:30,813
going on inside the planet.
300
00:19:30,881 --> 00:19:34,617
So it could be that there is
life, microbial probably only,
301
00:19:34,651 --> 00:19:39,455
deep down under the ice on Europa.
302
00:19:39,523 --> 00:19:44,493
It's a very challenging question-- if
there is life elsewhere in our solar
303
00:19:44,528 --> 00:19:45,694
system.
304
00:19:45,729 --> 00:19:48,898
You have so many components
that have to come together.
305
00:19:48,965 --> 00:19:51,233
We have to have an
understanding on the science.
306
00:19:51,268 --> 00:19:53,502
We have to ask the right questions.
307
00:19:53,537 --> 00:19:57,172
I wish I had a tricorder that I
could just go and, like, point,
308
00:19:57,240 --> 00:19:59,508
and it would say: life,
or no life, right?
309
00:19:59,543 --> 00:20:00,676
But we don't have that.
310
00:20:00,710 --> 00:20:03,178
So, we have to be smart, and we
have to be clever, and, we have
311
00:20:03,246 --> 00:20:05,881
to develop instruments that can
actually address the questions
312
00:20:05,916 --> 00:20:08,350
we're trying to answer.
313
00:20:08,385 --> 00:20:10,252
It's inevitable.
314
00:20:10,320 --> 00:20:12,688
There are so many planets out
there, it's inevitable that
315
00:20:12,722 --> 00:20:15,691
we'll find one in the
Goldilocks Zone any day.
316
00:20:15,725 --> 00:20:19,962
But while the Kepler
telescope has only just
317
00:20:19,996 --> 00:20:24,533
begun scanning the horizon, NASA
is already planning the next
318
00:20:24,568 --> 00:20:29,538
step in its search for
extraterrestrial life: the 2014
319
00:20:29,573 --> 00:20:33,509
launch of the James
Webb Space Telescope.
320
00:20:33,577 --> 00:20:39,348
People always ask me, "Do you expect
to find an Earth in your lifetime?"
321
00:20:39,382 --> 00:20:42,518
And I say, "Yes, absolutely."
322
00:20:42,586 --> 00:20:47,623
When I was a student, there was almost
nobody prepared to argue that way.
323
00:20:47,691 --> 00:20:50,793
The feeling back in the '60s and
'70s was that even if there
324
00:20:50,860 --> 00:20:53,963
were other Earth-like planets,
life is such an improbable freak
325
00:20:54,030 --> 00:20:57,666
event that it would never
ever happen anywhere else.
326
00:20:57,701 --> 00:21:02,538
Now the prevailing view is, yes,
the universe is teeming with life.
327
00:21:02,572 --> 00:21:04,907
Everybody wants to meet an alien.
328
00:21:04,941 --> 00:21:07,576
But we have to start small,
we have to learn how to walk
329
00:21:07,677 --> 00:21:10,012
before we can run.
330
00:21:10,046 --> 00:21:12,581
The fascinating thing for
me is that we're only
331
00:21:12,649 --> 00:21:16,185
four-and-a-half billion years
old in a universe that's close
332
00:21:16,219 --> 00:21:18,587
to 14 billion years old.
333
00:21:18,655 --> 00:21:21,924
What would happen with some of
these Earth-like planets that
334
00:21:21,958 --> 00:21:27,129
had a five- or ten-billion-year
head start on us?
335
00:21:27,197 --> 00:21:29,031
Gosh, you can only imagine.
336
00:21:29,099 --> 00:21:31,934
But what if humans are
not the only intelligent
337
00:21:32,035 --> 00:21:34,903
creatures searching for
life in the universe?
338
00:21:34,938 --> 00:21:38,040
What if there are beings on
other planets conducting a
339
00:21:38,074 --> 00:21:39,942
search of their own?
340
00:21:39,976 --> 00:21:45,381
And what if, in their search,
they find us before we find them?
341
00:21:45,448 --> 00:21:49,284
Some believe they already have.
342
00:21:52,671 --> 00:21:57,675
On October 30, 1938, radio
listeners across the
343
00:21:57,710 --> 00:22:01,746
United States sat stunned as
a series of news bulletins
344
00:22:01,780 --> 00:22:04,749
described Martians invading Earth.
345
00:22:04,783 --> 00:22:09,987
Martian cylinders are falling
all over the country.
346
00:22:10,022 --> 00:22:11,889
This is the end now.
347
00:22:11,924 --> 00:22:15,560
While the broadcast sounded
real, it was a fictional
348
00:22:15,594 --> 00:22:20,364
production, directed and
narrated by Orson Welles.
349
00:22:20,432 --> 00:22:28,206
Incredibly, many of those listening
believed it to be true, and panicked.
350
00:22:28,273 --> 00:22:31,642
Newspaper reports described
families fleeing their homes
351
00:22:31,710 --> 00:22:35,379
for the mountains, while others
armed themselves with weapons
352
00:22:35,447 --> 00:22:39,484
and prepared to fight
off the alien invaders.
353
00:22:39,485 --> 00:22:44,455
It was just presented, maybe, with a
brief introduction saying it was not
354
00:22:44,490 --> 00:22:45,456
really happening.
355
00:22:45,491 --> 00:22:48,559
But from then on, it was played
as if it was really
356
00:22:48,627 --> 00:22:49,427
happening.
357
00:22:49,461 --> 00:22:53,598
Well, most people who heard that
thought that it was really happening.
358
00:22:53,632 --> 00:22:56,167
People became upset.
359
00:22:56,201 --> 00:22:58,936
Some of those literally
headed for the hills.
360
00:22:58,971 --> 00:23:02,774
They drove places to try to, uh, pick
up other people, family and friends.
361
00:23:02,808 --> 00:23:06,544
They reported to the army for duty.
362
00:23:06,545 --> 00:23:11,616
The response to this fictional alien
attack resulted in many people
363
00:23:11,650 --> 00:23:13,985
preparing for the worst.
364
00:23:14,052 --> 00:23:18,422
But if the public's reaction to
a radio dramatization resulted
365
00:23:18,457 --> 00:23:25,429
in a nationwide wave of terror, what
would happen if they really came?
366
00:23:28,233 --> 00:23:32,203
Los Angeles, California.
367
00:23:32,237 --> 00:23:39,110
In the early months of 1942,
the city was on edge.
368
00:23:39,144 --> 00:23:42,680
The recent surprise attack on
Pearl Harbor had propelled
369
00:23:42,748 --> 00:23:47,685
America into World War II...
and the threat of a Japanese
370
00:23:47,753 --> 00:23:54,692
invasion, by sea or by air, kept
the military on full alert.
371
00:23:54,760 --> 00:23:59,597
Pearl Harbor was a very
recent memory for people.
372
00:23:59,598 --> 00:24:01,799
People were in high alert.
373
00:24:01,867 --> 00:24:04,302
There was a great deal of suspicion.
374
00:24:04,336 --> 00:24:07,471
Japanese-Americans were being
put in internment camps.
375
00:24:07,506 --> 00:24:11,509
There were German U-boats
in the Atlantic, Japanese
376
00:24:11,577 --> 00:24:15,680
submarines in the Pacific, and
people were very fearful.
377
00:24:19,952 --> 00:24:23,855
In a well-organized defense
operation, air-raid
378
00:24:23,889 --> 00:24:26,858
wardens and the coast guard
were monitoring the Pacific
379
00:24:26,925 --> 00:24:31,229
shoreline as never before.
380
00:24:31,263 --> 00:24:33,497
The war had started.
381
00:24:33,532 --> 00:24:39,971
I was a 13-year-old kid, and
this one night, which was
382
00:24:40,038 --> 00:24:48,145
February 1942, the sirens started
wailing in the middle of the night.
383
00:24:49,581 --> 00:24:52,950
Blackout.
384
00:24:52,985 --> 00:24:57,488
And we'd had several
blackouts before this.
385
00:24:57,556 --> 00:25:04,695
On February 25, between the hours of
3:12 and 4:15 a.m., the 37th Coast
386
00:25:04,730 --> 00:25:08,966
Artillery Brigade in Los
Angeles fired off a barrage of
387
00:25:09,001 --> 00:25:14,872
antiaircraft shells at an
unidentified flying object.
388
00:25:14,907 --> 00:25:18,643
Watchers on the rooftop of the
Columbia Broadcasting Building in the
389
00:25:18,677 --> 00:25:21,946
heart of Hollywood could plainly
see the flashes of guns
390
00:25:21,980 --> 00:25:27,551
and searchlights sweeping the skies
in a wide arc along the coastal area.
391
00:25:27,586 --> 00:25:34,959
I think what woke me up initially
was the sound of antiaircraft guns.
392
00:25:35,027 --> 00:25:38,562
I jumped out of bed, and
my parents were up.
393
00:25:38,597 --> 00:25:41,732
My father was an air-raid warden.
394
00:25:41,767 --> 00:25:46,938
He figured, this has to be
the real thing. (chuckles)
395
00:25:46,972 --> 00:25:50,574
My mother was telling my brother and
I, "Get under the bed, get under the
396
00:25:50,609 --> 00:25:51,309
bed! Stay there!"
397
00:25:51,343 --> 00:25:56,147
And, of course, we got
out and we peeked.
398
00:25:56,148 --> 00:25:57,915
There was all this firing.
399
00:25:57,950 --> 00:26:02,119
It was almost like a Fourth of July.
400
00:26:02,187 --> 00:26:07,325
I started hearing a lot
of loud explosions.
401
00:26:07,392 --> 00:26:12,129
My brother and I looked out the
bedroom window, saw searchlights
402
00:26:12,197 --> 00:26:15,766
twisting and turning in the sky.
403
00:26:22,007 --> 00:26:27,578
But what was the strange UFO that
the searchlights were focused on?
404
00:26:27,646 --> 00:26:30,181
Where had it come from?
405
00:26:30,215 --> 00:26:31,382
Japan?
406
00:26:31,416 --> 00:26:35,653
Or somewhere from out of this world?
407
00:26:35,721 --> 00:26:38,656
Could this incredible
photograph, published the
408
00:26:38,690 --> 00:26:40,024
next morning in the Los Angeles
409
00:26:40,058 --> 00:26:42,893
Times, provide the proof?
410
00:26:42,961 --> 00:26:47,365
Could Ancient Astronaut theorists
have been right all along?
411
00:26:47,399 --> 00:26:50,801
It was practically overhead--
and I mean overhead.
412
00:26:50,836 --> 00:26:54,071
Retired anthropology professor C.
413
00:26:54,139 --> 00:26:58,175
Scott Littleton, was nine years
old and growing up in Hermosa
414
00:26:58,243 --> 00:27:04,248
Beach when he spotted the strange
object hovering right over his house.
415
00:27:04,282 --> 00:27:09,687
We saw what my mother always
called a "silver bug."
416
00:27:09,721 --> 00:27:14,825
I'd characterize it today
as a lozenge, a long oval.
417
00:27:14,893 --> 00:27:18,062
It was something I'll
never, ever forget.
418
00:27:18,096 --> 00:27:23,167
It was caught in searchlight
beams, and antiaircraft shells
419
00:27:23,235 --> 00:27:25,803
were exploding all around it.
420
00:27:29,641 --> 00:27:35,713
It gradually went like this, and
then began to lose altitude
421
00:27:35,747 --> 00:27:43,821
a little bit as it moved over what
had to have been Redondo Beach.
422
00:27:43,889 --> 00:27:48,859
We lost track of it, but
the banging continued.
423
00:27:48,894 --> 00:27:53,631
And very quickly afterward, I
saw-- we all saw-- a flight of
424
00:27:53,698 --> 00:27:58,702
planes following the track of
the object going overhead,
425
00:27:58,770 --> 00:28:02,239
anywhere from three to
five interceptors, clearly
426
00:28:02,274 --> 00:28:04,909
piston-driven U.S. planes.
427
00:28:04,976 --> 00:28:11,182
No one has ever admitted that
those planes were in the sky.
428
00:28:11,249 --> 00:28:15,686
Our first thought immediately was
a Japanese observation plane.
429
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:20,691
Later, the Japanese records
definitively prove there were
430
00:28:20,725 --> 00:28:26,864
no Japanese planes over Southern
California that night, or indeed ever.
431
00:28:26,898 --> 00:28:30,234
After ruling out the
possibility that a Japanese
432
00:28:30,268 --> 00:28:34,705
plane had invaded American
airspace, Secretary of the
433
00:28:34,739 --> 00:28:41,712
Navy Frank Knox attributed the
incident to "war nerves."
434
00:28:41,746 --> 00:28:45,716
But Secretary of War Henry
Stimson quickly refuted this
435
00:28:45,750 --> 00:28:49,253
explanation, defensively
declaring that an actual
436
00:28:49,321 --> 00:28:53,691
aircraft had been the
target of the assault.
437
00:28:53,758 --> 00:28:58,696
To this day, no one seems to
know just what-- or who-- was
438
00:28:58,763 --> 00:29:02,500
hovering over Los Angeles that night.
439
00:29:06,771 --> 00:29:10,141
Some claimed that the Los
Angeles air raid was nothing
440
00:29:10,175 --> 00:29:14,411
more than an elaborate training
exercise, a show put on by the
441
00:29:14,446 --> 00:29:19,783
military to keep citizens on the
ready in case of a real attack.
442
00:29:19,818 --> 00:29:23,787
Others alleged that the
unidentified flying object was,
443
00:29:23,855 --> 00:29:28,792
in fact, a barrage balloon that
had broken loose from its tether.
444
00:29:28,860 --> 00:29:32,796
But even that explanation
doesn't seem credible to those
445
00:29:32,864 --> 00:29:35,766
who witnessed the actual event.
446
00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,436
One place where there were barrage
balloons that were anchored
447
00:29:39,471 --> 00:29:44,141
above the aircraft plants in El
Segundo, Douglas North American.
448
00:29:44,176 --> 00:29:47,978
It would have to have slipped
its tether, floated north up
449
00:29:48,046 --> 00:29:51,515
to the Santa Monica Mountains,
and then back down this way.
450
00:29:51,583 --> 00:29:55,386
Barrage balloons don't
maneuver like that.
451
00:29:55,420 --> 00:30:02,793
Regardless of the controversy,
one fact is an estimated 14,000
452
00:30:02,827 --> 00:30:06,597
shells were fired at the
strange object, and shrapnel
453
00:30:06,665 --> 00:30:11,602
rained from the sky for over an hour.
454
00:30:11,670 --> 00:30:14,972
But what were the guns aimed at?
455
00:30:15,006 --> 00:30:20,844
Would the army really have put
civilian lives in danger for a drill?
456
00:30:20,845 --> 00:30:22,246
Major panic.
457
00:30:22,314 --> 00:30:25,849
Six people got killed, uh, due
to car accidents and hit by
458
00:30:25,884 --> 00:30:28,252
falling shrapnel in all.
459
00:30:28,253 --> 00:30:32,656
A friend of mine said he witnessed
a piece of shrapnel go through his
460
00:30:32,691 --> 00:30:34,225
neighbor's garage roof.
461
00:30:34,292 --> 00:30:39,396
So, oh, yeah, there were some
damage from falling shrapnel.
462
00:30:39,431 --> 00:30:43,567
The next morning, there was something
in our backyard my mother told me to
463
00:30:43,602 --> 00:30:46,337
go roll up-- it was, like,
a tarp or something.
464
00:30:46,404 --> 00:30:50,574
And when I bent down...
or kneeled down in the grass, I cut
465
00:30:50,609 --> 00:30:54,211
my knee, and I have
my piece of shrapnel.
466
00:30:54,246 --> 00:30:55,846
I've kept it all these years.
467
00:30:55,880 --> 00:31:00,217
There's my shrapnel,
and it's very sharp.
468
00:31:03,121 --> 00:31:08,926
By a process of elimination, the
most efficient-- and I say this as a
469
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:14,031
scholar-- the most efficient
explanation is that it was what
470
00:31:14,065 --> 00:31:19,937
we would call today a UFO--
something not of this world,
471
00:31:19,971 --> 00:31:23,407
something that belonged
to another technology.
472
00:31:23,475 --> 00:31:27,878
If that's true, then this event
was one of the largest mass UFO
473
00:31:27,946 --> 00:31:30,114
sightings in history.
474
00:31:30,148 --> 00:31:32,549
Over a million people saw it.
475
00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:39,590
But whether it was a UFO
or not, the memories
476
00:31:39,624 --> 00:31:42,860
remain vivid for those who saw
something in the sky that
477
00:31:42,927 --> 00:31:44,395
night.
478
00:31:44,429 --> 00:31:48,732
So vivid, in fact, that many of
them gather each year at Fort
479
00:31:48,767 --> 00:31:55,939
MacArthur, in San Pedro, California,
to reenact this mysterious event.
480
00:31:56,007 --> 00:31:58,042
The city went crazy.
481
00:31:58,109 --> 00:32:01,912
They thought it was we were being
attacked by Japanese planes.
482
00:32:01,946 --> 00:32:04,315
Some theories said weather balloon.
483
00:32:04,382 --> 00:32:07,117
Others said, you know, "Oh, I
saw a plane, I know I saw a
484
00:32:07,185 --> 00:32:09,486
plane," and others say,
"Nope, no such plane."
485
00:32:09,554 --> 00:32:11,889
Back then it was a scary thing.
486
00:32:11,923 --> 00:32:14,625
I think to this day they don't
know what they were firing at.
487
00:32:14,693 --> 00:32:18,629
If it was a weather balloon
or a flying saucer.
488
00:32:18,697 --> 00:32:21,899
But for those who believe
they saw an alien craft
489
00:32:21,933 --> 00:32:27,104
that night, one important
question remains:
490
00:32:27,172 --> 00:32:31,375
What happened to it?
491
00:32:31,443 --> 00:32:34,912
The rumor is that it finally
crashed in the water
492
00:32:34,946 --> 00:32:38,716
and was recovered by navy divers.
493
00:32:38,783 --> 00:32:45,456
So maybe it was wounded, and it
crashed, and this might explain
494
00:32:45,490 --> 00:32:52,229
why the military was so quick to
react to Roswell five years later.
495
00:32:52,297 --> 00:32:55,966
Because they may already have
had at least some inkling of
496
00:32:56,034 --> 00:32:58,869
what they would find there.
497
00:32:58,937 --> 00:33:02,573
Was Earth really visited
by an alien spacecraft
498
00:33:02,607 --> 00:33:07,144
on the morning of February 25, 1942?
499
00:33:07,178 --> 00:33:11,048
And could the global threats
posed by World War II have
500
00:33:11,116 --> 00:33:14,051
provided a trigger?
501
00:33:14,119 --> 00:33:20,157
Perhaps the idea is not as
farfetched as some would think.
502
00:33:20,225 --> 00:33:24,027
Is it possible that alien
spacecraft could have been
503
00:33:24,062 --> 00:33:30,067
mistaken for enemy fighter planes
in Adolf Hitler's Germany?
504
00:33:32,669 --> 00:33:36,271
In his 1993 book, The
Gods of Eden, author
505
00:33:36,306 --> 00:33:41,910
William Bramley theorized that
extraterrestrials played a part
506
00:33:41,945 --> 00:33:46,582
in nearly every catastrophe in
human history, and have even
507
00:33:46,616 --> 00:33:54,123
used war as a means to control the
growth of the human population.
508
00:33:54,190 --> 00:33:58,727
But while many are skeptic about
Bramley's claims, there is
509
00:33:58,762 --> 00:34:04,633
one thing on which they agree--
that the number of reported UFO
510
00:34:04,701 --> 00:34:09,171
sightings always increases
during wartime.
511
00:34:09,172 --> 00:34:13,342
In times of war, when
vast civilizations are in
512
00:34:13,410 --> 00:34:18,147
conflict, and in c c conflict
so terrible that it seems as
513
00:34:18,248 --> 00:34:21,717
though the civilizations will
wipe themselves out, suddenly
514
00:34:21,785 --> 00:34:25,454
out of nowhere, UFOs appear.
515
00:34:25,522 --> 00:34:29,458
While skeptics and military
historians attribute
516
00:34:29,526 --> 00:34:33,362
these alleged sightings to war
nerves or stress, those who
517
00:34:33,463 --> 00:34:39,168
believe in UFOs find the number
of instances hard to dismiss.
518
00:34:40,804 --> 00:34:47,709
When World War II broke out in
September of 1939, there were
519
00:34:47,744 --> 00:34:51,814
numerous reports of unidentified
flying objects spotted over
520
00:34:51,881 --> 00:34:53,182
Hitler's Germany.
521
00:34:53,216 --> 00:34:58,520
Although the term UFO had not
yet been coined, the Allies
522
00:34:58,555 --> 00:35:01,890
believed the bogeys, as they
were then known, were new
523
00:35:01,991 --> 00:35:06,862
fighter planes being
developed by the Nazis.
524
00:35:06,896 --> 00:35:11,700
But the first combat bomber
jets, the German Messerschmitt
525
00:35:11,734 --> 00:35:19,708
ME-262, weren't deployed by the
German Air Force until 1943.
526
00:35:19,776 --> 00:35:24,079
It certainly doesn't escape
notice just how advanced
527
00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:29,852
the Nazi propulsion systems and their
aeronautics technology really was.
528
00:35:29,919 --> 00:35:35,691
They had the first operational
jet fighter to see combat.
529
00:35:35,758 --> 00:35:39,695
They were building and
test-flying aircraft that look
530
00:35:39,762 --> 00:35:46,368
incredibly similar to UFOs
that are reported even today.
531
00:35:46,402 --> 00:35:50,038
They had greatly advanced
rocket technology.
532
00:35:50,106 --> 00:35:54,743
There have long been rumors
about Nazi projects to build
533
00:35:54,777 --> 00:35:59,381
aircraft using UFO technology.
534
00:35:59,382 --> 00:36:03,318
At the end of the 19th
century, there was Aleister
535
00:36:03,386 --> 00:36:09,258
Crowley, H.G. Wells, Bram Stoker,
who wrote Dracula, avd
536
00:36:09,292 --> 00:36:10,826
Jules Verne, who wrote From
537
00:36:10,860 --> 00:36:12,528
Earth to the Moon.
538
00:36:12,562 --> 00:36:14,162
They were in a society called
539
00:36:14,197 --> 00:36:15,731
The Golden Dawn.
540
00:36:15,765 --> 00:36:17,533
In that society, they actually
541
00:36:17,567 --> 00:36:19,735
believed in the existence, not
542
00:36:19,769 --> 00:36:21,904
only of UFOs, but
543
00:36:21,938 --> 00:36:23,272
extraterrestrials.
544
00:36:23,339 --> 00:36:26,909
That culture influenced Hitler
545
00:36:27,010 --> 00:36:29,244
in the late 1920s, early into
546
00:36:29,279 --> 00:36:30,812
the 1930s.
547
00:36:30,880 --> 00:36:33,549
In looking for the origins of
548
00:36:33,616 --> 00:36:35,918
the Aryan Race, they went all
549
00:36:35,985 --> 00:36:37,719
the way to India and the Vedic
550
00:36:37,787 --> 00:36:41,557
texts, which talk about UFOs.
551
00:36:41,591 --> 00:36:43,892
So Hitler, in his own way, was a
552
00:36:43,927 --> 00:36:46,562
UFO believer, and sought to
553
00:36:46,629 --> 00:36:48,530
develop his own version of a
554
00:36:48,598 --> 00:36:51,600
UFO, based on the Vedic texts.
555
00:36:51,634 --> 00:36:53,735
To have a dramatic wunderwaffen,
556
00:36:53,803 --> 00:36:55,270
a wonder weapon, that would end
557
00:36:55,371 --> 00:36:58,073
the war.
558
00:36:58,107 --> 00:36:59,374
Although the Nazis
559
00:36:59,442 --> 00:37:00,976
never developed this so-called
560
00:37:01,010 --> 00:37:03,445
wonder weapon, reports of
561
00:37:03,546 --> 00:37:04,813
strange flying machines in
562
00:37:04,881 --> 00:37:06,782
German airspace continued
563
00:37:06,816 --> 00:37:09,251
throughout the war.
564
00:37:09,285 --> 00:37:11,253
But just what was it that the
565
00:37:11,287 --> 00:37:13,455
Allied pilots were reporting?
566
00:37:13,556 --> 00:37:15,791
In the 1940s, as
567
00:37:15,825 --> 00:37:18,894
waves of American bombers were
568
00:37:18,928 --> 00:37:21,063
literally obliterating German
569
00:37:21,097 --> 00:37:26,602
cities-- Dresden, Hamburg,
570
00:37:26,636 --> 00:37:30,806
Berlin-- in these raids,
571
00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,641
American fighter pilots saw
572
00:37:32,675 --> 00:37:33,976
these balls of light coming at
573
00:37:34,010 --> 00:37:34,910
their planes.
574
00:37:34,978 --> 00:37:36,612
They didn't know what they were.
575
00:37:36,646 --> 00:37:38,080
They thought they were German
576
00:37:38,147 --> 00:37:39,815
secret weapons at first.
577
00:37:39,849 --> 00:37:42,317
So they called them Foo
578
00:37:42,352 --> 00:37:43,185
Fighters.
579
00:37:43,252 --> 00:37:46,622
The word feu in French is fire,
580
00:37:46,656 --> 00:37:49,324
and these were balls
of fire coming out.
581
00:37:49,359 --> 00:37:52,995
So, instead of Feu Fighters,
they were Foo Fighters.
582
00:37:53,029 --> 00:37:56,531
They were seen in large
numbers over Germany and
583
00:37:56,599 --> 00:37:59,501
over Western Europe, where they
were described variously as
584
00:37:59,535 --> 00:38:03,138
structured craft, or
simply, balls of light.
585
00:38:03,139 --> 00:38:06,808
It was so important at the
time that the military began
586
00:38:06,876 --> 00:38:09,978
to notice it, and they began
to investigate these things.
587
00:38:10,013 --> 00:38:11,813
There were hundreds of cases.
588
00:38:11,881 --> 00:38:15,617
None seemed to be very
harmful to planes.
589
00:38:15,652 --> 00:38:18,053
But they were all over the place.!
590
00:38:18,087 --> 00:38:23,625
Curiously, when the Foo Fighters appeared,
Allied aircraft would sometimes
591
00:38:23,660 --> 00:38:25,861
experience mechanical failure.
592
00:38:25,895 --> 00:38:30,065
And perhaps most mystifying
of all was that some pilots
593
00:38:30,133 --> 00:38:39,875
reported flying right through the
UFOs, as if they had no mass.
594
00:38:39,909 --> 00:38:43,879
It was never discovered what the
Foo Fighters were or where they
595
00:38:43,980 --> 00:38:48,250
came from, but the theory that
they were some sort of German
596
00:38:48,317 --> 00:38:53,355
secret weapon was widely accepted
among Allied pilots at the time.
597
00:38:53,423 --> 00:38:57,592
But could the Third Reich have
possessed technology more
598
00:38:57,627 --> 00:39:00,896
advanced than even our
most modern aircraft?
599
00:39:00,930 --> 00:39:05,067
Some believe what the Nazis
had developed was an advanced
600
00:39:05,168 --> 00:39:09,071
mechanism that scientists are
still working on today--
601
00:39:09,105 --> 00:39:12,708
mercury-powered
anti-gravity technology.
602
00:39:12,742 --> 00:39:21,583
This involves mercury being in a
closed system, like a glass bulb.
603
00:39:21,584 --> 00:39:25,887
Once that mercury becomes
spinning in a gyroscopic manner
604
00:39:25,955 --> 00:39:29,958
within a closed system,
that creates a lift.
605
00:39:29,992 --> 00:39:33,895
It's electrified lift, it's
also a very bright light.
606
00:39:33,963 --> 00:39:38,700
And in fact, many UFOs are
described as exactly that.
607
00:39:38,735 --> 00:39:44,606
Towards the end of World War II,
the Germans started producing
608
00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:47,142
massive amounts of mercury.
609
00:39:47,210 --> 00:39:51,313
And in fact, a number of the
U-boats that were later sunk--
610
00:39:51,347 --> 00:39:54,616
one was sunk near Singapore,
another in Norway-- only a few
611
00:39:54,650 --> 00:39:58,954
years ago, they actually found it,
and its entire cargo was mercury.
612
00:39:58,988 --> 00:40:02,591
What the few historians have
actually written about Foo
613
00:40:02,625 --> 00:40:06,962
Fighters, which is still
apparently a secret today, is
614
00:40:06,996 --> 00:40:10,065
they were a kind of
mercury plasma ball.
615
00:40:10,099 --> 00:40:16,138
And the purpose of the Foo
Fighters was to make a
616
00:40:16,172 --> 00:40:22,778
highly pulsed magnetic charge
and field around the bombers,
617
00:40:22,812 --> 00:40:27,048
which would then cut out the
engines and interfere with the
618
00:40:27,116 --> 00:40:32,587
electrical systems in the planes.
619
00:40:32,655 --> 00:40:37,959
Could Foo Fighters really have been
based on extraterrestrial technology?
620
00:40:38,027 --> 00:40:42,330
If so, where did the Germans get it?
621
00:40:42,365 --> 00:40:47,335
UFO theorists point to the
discovery of a flying saucer
622
00:40:47,370 --> 00:40:50,972
that allegedly crashed in the
Black Forest, near Freiburg,
623
00:40:51,040 --> 00:40:53,975
Germany, in 1936.
624
00:40:54,043 --> 00:40:59,047
Some believe, German scientists
repaired the craft to test its
625
00:40:59,115 --> 00:41:03,985
energy and ppulsion systems, and
through reverse engineering,
626
00:41:04,020 --> 00:41:09,090
were able to replicate some of these
so-called alien technologies.
627
00:41:09,091 --> 00:41:12,994
Did the Nazis take this craft, and
was there some sort of a pact that
628
00:41:13,029 --> 00:41:14,196
happened there?
629
00:41:14,263 --> 00:41:17,165
Did the Nazis-- did
they retrieve bodies?
630
00:41:17,200 --> 00:41:20,368
It's hard to pin down
how much they had.
631
00:41:20,436 --> 00:41:22,003
Was there contact?
632
00:41:22,038 --> 00:41:24,573
There's always been that
theory-- that they had a
633
00:41:24,640 --> 00:41:28,643
captured craft, and that they
were reverse engineering it.
634
00:41:28,678 --> 00:41:30,011
It's very possible.
635
00:41:30,112 --> 00:41:35,417
They were truly way more advanced
than any culture at thtime.
636
00:41:35,451 --> 00:41:38,420
Thank God for the American
know-how, because we were
637
00:41:38,487 --> 00:41:42,791
combating them with our own kind of
knowledge and technology, as well.
638
00:41:42,825 --> 00:41:48,930
After World War II, there was an
exercise mounted by the Americans called
639
00:41:48,998 --> 00:41:51,766
Operation Paperclip.
640
00:41:51,767 --> 00:41:56,304
The Allies had been confronted
with all this amazing technology
641
00:41:56,405 --> 00:41:57,405
from Germany.
642
00:41:57,473 --> 00:42:02,477
The jet engines, airplanes, the
rocket engine airplanes, all
643
00:42:02,578 --> 00:42:04,946
these amazing devices.
644
00:42:05,014 --> 00:42:07,949
To give you an example of
some of the material that was
645
00:42:08,017 --> 00:42:12,420
collected by Operation
Paperclip, right at the end of
646
00:42:12,455 --> 00:42:17,959
the war, Von Braun and his team
had begun designing multistage
647
00:42:17,994 --> 00:42:21,596
rockets capable of reaching
the United States.
648
00:42:21,631 --> 00:42:26,635
They also had plans for a space
station, the classic circular
649
00:42:26,736 --> 00:42:31,506
sci-fi space station, and on
this, they had a huge sunlight
650
00:42:31,540 --> 00:42:35,443
collector, a mirror that was
designed to focus sunlight down
651
00:42:35,511 --> 00:42:38,980
on the Earth as a kind of death ray.
652
00:42:39,015 --> 00:42:44,686
There were all these wild ideas
coming out of that team that
653
00:42:44,720 --> 00:42:49,824
turned it into a very valuable
coup for the United States.
654
00:42:49,859 --> 00:42:55,163
Ultimately, it was Von Braun who
built the Saturn Five rocket
655
00:42:55,197 --> 00:42:57,599
that took people to the moon.
656
00:43:03,606 --> 00:43:07,575
The story of the World
War II Foo Fighters, muc
657
00:43:07,610 --> 00:43:11,313
like that of the Battle of Los
Angeles, has been largely
658
00:43:11,347 --> 00:43:15,450
forgotten or dismissed by
traditional historians.
659
00:43:15,484 --> 00:43:20,722
But an event that happened just
two years after the war had even
660
00:43:20,756 --> 00:43:22,090
the skeptics wondering.
661
00:43:22,158 --> 00:43:26,795
What if aliens really did exist?
662
00:43:26,829 --> 00:43:32,567
And could one of their craft
have crashed to Earth?
663
00:43:38,261 --> 00:43:42,164
Mainstream archeologists
have long rejected
664
00:43:42,198 --> 00:43:46,234
the notion that extraterrestrial
beings had a hand in creating
665
00:43:46,269 --> 00:43:48,870
the pyramids of Egypt.
666
00:43:48,938 --> 00:43:53,875
Theologians and religious
scholars refute the idea that
667
00:43:53,943 --> 00:43:58,046
stories of the Bible or the
Mahabharata could be describing
668
00:43:58,114 --> 00:44:00,582
alien encounters.
669
00:44:00,616 --> 00:44:04,886
And governments throughout
history have officially denied
670
00:44:04,954 --> 00:44:09,891
reports that the Earth has been
visited by flying saucers.
671
00:44:09,959 --> 00:44:15,030
But on July 8, 1947, a UFO
sighting was reported that even
672
00:44:15,064 --> 00:44:18,333
the United States government
had trouble denying.
673
00:44:18,368 --> 00:44:19,301
Why?
674
00:44:19,335 --> 00:44:24,973
Because this time, the report
was issued by the U.S. Army.
675
00:44:25,041 --> 00:44:32,347
I'm walking on the Foster Ranch between
Corona and Roswell, New Mexico.
676
00:44:32,382 --> 00:44:36,451
Not far from what is called the
debris field right over that hill.
677
00:44:36,486 --> 00:44:42,991
And that debris field refers to
headlines back in July of 1947
678
00:44:43,025 --> 00:44:49,297
about a disc-- one of those
mysterious UFOs-- actually
679
00:44:49,365 --> 00:44:51,933
crashing right out here.
680
00:44:53,136 --> 00:44:58,907
One night in early July,
1947, a major thunderstorm
681
00:44:58,941 --> 00:45:01,476
rolled across New Mexico.
682
00:45:03,112 --> 00:45:07,916
The next morning, rancher Mac Brazel
went out to check on the damage.
683
00:45:07,984 --> 00:45:10,285
Mac Brazel went out to
make sure everything
684
00:45:10,353 --> 00:45:11,920
was where it was supposed to be.
685
00:45:11,988 --> 00:45:15,524
And he came across this really
extensive area of debris, stuff
686
00:45:15,558 --> 00:45:16,725
he had never seen before.
687
00:45:16,759 --> 00:45:20,362
He brought it to the
local sheriff's office.
688
00:45:20,430 --> 00:45:26,067
In 1947, Roswell was home
to Roswell Army Air Field.
689
00:45:26,102 --> 00:45:31,006
The sheriff called the base,
the base sent Major Jesse
690
00:45:31,073 --> 00:45:33,975
Marcel, and at that point, it
basically became a military site
691
00:45:34,010 --> 00:45:36,978
as they gathered up every bit
of debris they could find.
692
00:45:37,013 --> 00:45:39,548
In their initial report,
army officials made a
693
00:45:39,615 --> 00:45:43,385
vague claim of having started
the recovery of the debris
694
00:45:43,419 --> 00:45:46,521
"sometime last week."
695
00:45:46,556 --> 00:45:50,091
But why didn't the army report
their findings right away?
696
00:45:50,126 --> 00:45:55,430
And why were they so ambiguous
about the timeline?
697
00:45:55,465 --> 00:45:59,201
One of the biggest things
we have is the newspaper
698
00:45:59,268 --> 00:46:03,839
of July 8, 1947, where Colonel
Blanchard issued an order to
699
00:46:03,873 --> 00:46:06,475
Lieutenant Walter Haught, who
was a public information
700
00:46:06,542 --> 00:46:09,277
officer, saying basically, we
have in our possession a flying
701
00:46:09,312 --> 00:46:12,180
saucer, it's being taken to Fort
Worth, to higher headquarters.
702
00:46:12,248 --> 00:46:16,184
Roswell was a real turning
point for UFOlogy.
703
00:46:16,219 --> 00:46:20,789
I think that was because the
military, for the first time,
704
00:46:20,823 --> 00:46:24,259
admitted that they had a crashed disc.
705
00:46:24,293 --> 00:46:30,065
And because it was admitted at the time,
of course, it caused a sensation.
706
00:46:30,066 --> 00:46:33,001
But then, July 9, General
Ramey issued a press
707
00:46:33,069 --> 00:46:36,438
release saying, no, it
was a weather balloon.
708
00:46:36,472 --> 00:46:43,712
And that started the
best-documented UFO cover-up ever.
709
00:46:43,746 --> 00:46:48,984
Army officials referred to the debris
as being part of a flying disc.
710
00:46:49,051 --> 00:46:54,589
Internal memos even referenced the
crash site as having victims.
711
00:46:54,624 --> 00:46:59,160
So why, less than 24 hours later,
did they suddenly decide
712
00:46:59,228 --> 00:47:04,699
that what they had retrieved was
nothing more than a weather balloon?
713
00:47:04,734 --> 00:47:09,237
Although Blanchard and Ramey
stuck by the revised story,
714
00:47:09,272 --> 00:47:13,108
Lieutenant Haught stood by the
contents of his initial report
715
00:47:13,142 --> 00:47:15,176
his entire life.
716
00:47:15,211 --> 00:47:19,214
And those who believe him think
modern technology may have
717
00:47:19,248 --> 00:47:25,353
recently provided the irrefutable
evidence they have been looking for.
718
00:47:25,388 --> 00:47:29,758
When Major Marcel took the
debris to Fort Worth,
719
00:47:29,792 --> 00:47:32,827
and General Ramey spread it out
to give this press conference
720
00:47:32,895 --> 00:47:36,031
that it was a weather balloon,
there was a picture taken, and
721
00:47:36,065 --> 00:47:37,666
in his hand is a piece of paper.
722
00:47:37,733 --> 00:47:40,101
It's a very little piece of paper.
723
00:47:40,169 --> 00:47:43,004
I mean, and this has been blown up.
724
00:47:43,072 --> 00:47:44,272
And it is a memo.
725
00:47:44,307 --> 00:47:48,276
There is a leading researcher
in the field who is pulling the
726
00:47:48,344 --> 00:47:50,278
words out of this.
727
00:47:50,346 --> 00:47:53,815
And they include things
like "team at Fort Worth,"
728
00:47:53,849 --> 00:47:58,386
"forwarded victims of the
wreck," "pod or pan."
729
00:47:58,421 --> 00:48:01,890
And so, every year that the
technology improves, General
730
00:48:01,924 --> 00:48:06,494
Ramey may be the one to solve it.
731
00:48:06,495 --> 00:48:13,735
Bob Wood, a researcher in UFOs, had
received leaked documents in 1996, and
732
00:48:13,803 --> 00:48:17,339
shared them with me and a few others.
733
00:48:17,373 --> 00:48:21,376
This document called the
Interplanetary Phenomena Unit,
734
00:48:21,444 --> 00:48:30,118
with a war department stamp
dated July 22nd, 1947.
735
00:48:30,119 --> 00:48:34,189
"The most disturbing aspect of
this investigation was that"
736
00:48:34,223 --> 00:48:38,193
there were other bodies found
not far from landing zone one,
737
00:48:38,227 --> 00:48:42,731
the Mac Brazel site between
Corona and Roswell that looked
738
00:48:42,798 --> 00:48:47,535
"as if they had been dissected
as you would a frog."
739
00:48:47,570 --> 00:48:51,606
It does not define, were
those bodies human?
740
00:48:51,641 --> 00:48:54,476
Were those bodies non-human?
741
00:48:54,543 --> 00:49:00,081
But suddenly, for me, this
electric jolt that came into
742
00:49:00,149 --> 00:49:05,353
holding that document and
reading at the end of the '90s
743
00:49:05,421 --> 00:49:10,625
what would explain finally
that our government knew that
744
00:49:10,660 --> 00:49:15,163
extraterrestrial biological
entities from somewhere else in
745
00:49:15,197 --> 00:49:21,469
the cosmos was interacting with
our planet for a very long time.
746
00:49:24,006 --> 00:49:30,178
Five years after Roswell, the United
States Air Force coined the term
747
00:49:30,246 --> 00:49:32,000
Unidentified Flying Object or UFO.
748
00:49:33,617 --> 00:49:38,388
In the decades since, thousands
of UFOs have been reported
749
00:49:38,422 --> 00:49:41,858
photographed and videotaped
all over the world.
750
00:49:41,892 --> 00:49:44,093
Oh, my God.
751
00:49:44,094 --> 00:49:47,964
Perhaps one of the biggest,
most revolutionary
752
00:49:47,998 --> 00:49:52,301
pieces of technology to change
our view of UFOs and flying
753
00:49:52,336 --> 00:49:54,904
saucers is the videocam.
754
00:49:54,905 --> 00:49:57,507
Whoa, I'm getting a series
of lights right there.
755
00:49:57,574 --> 00:49:58,975
I got it, I got it, I got it.
756
00:49:59,009 --> 00:50:01,344
You only have to look at
what happened in Phoenix,
757
00:50:01,412 --> 00:50:07,550
Arizona, in March of 1997, when
these huge flying boomerangs
758
00:50:07,584 --> 00:50:11,454
went right across Phoenix, right
through the whole valley,
759
00:50:11,488 --> 00:50:13,823
heading south to the Mexico border.
760
00:50:13,857 --> 00:50:15,825
These were all caught on cameras.
761
00:50:15,893 --> 00:50:17,193
Network news caught these;
762
00:50:17,261 --> 00:50:18,394
Local news caught these.
763
00:50:18,429 --> 00:50:20,830
You saw these on CNN; you
saw these on Larry King.
764
00:50:20,898 --> 00:50:23,833
Oh, there it is, over to the left.
765
00:50:23,901 --> 00:50:27,570
And yes, people called them
flares-- of course they did.
766
00:50:27,604 --> 00:50:32,875
But, the fact is, when you see something
with your own eyes... Look, dude.
767
00:50:32,910 --> 00:50:33,576
Pat, you got it?
768
00:50:33,644 --> 00:50:34,577
I see it.
769
00:50:34,611 --> 00:50:39,015
...even if it's on a video camera,
suddenly your perspective changes.
770
00:50:39,049 --> 00:50:41,484
And that middle one is moving quick.
771
00:50:41,518 --> 00:50:43,920
It's only the beginning, you guys.
772
00:50:43,987 --> 00:50:48,458
So now, according to recent
polls-- Gallup polls and
773
00:50:48,525 --> 00:50:52,728
Roper polls-- well over 50%
774
00:50:52,763 --> 00:50:58,634
of Americans believe that
flying saucers exist, and close
775
00:50:58,669 --> 00:51:01,904
to 50% believe that, the
government knows that
776
00:51:01,939 --> 00:51:08,277
flying saucers exist, and that the
government is hiding that fact.
777
00:51:08,312 --> 00:51:12,348
But why so many UFO
sightings after Roswell?
778
00:51:12,382 --> 00:51:14,550
Is it a coincidence?
779
00:51:14,618 --> 00:51:17,920
Or is the world's growing
belief in aliens providing
780
00:51:17,955 --> 00:51:21,157
cover for those who might
previously have been too afraid
781
00:51:21,191 --> 00:51:23,926
of ridicule to come forward?
782
00:51:23,961 --> 00:51:26,929
Perhaps there is another reason.
783
00:51:26,964 --> 00:51:29,932
Perhaps there are more
sightings because there is a
784
00:51:29,967 --> 00:51:35,538
genuine increase in alien
visitations-- ever since the
785
00:51:35,572 --> 00:51:38,207
dawn of the Space Age.
786
00:51:38,208 --> 00:51:43,679
There had been plenty of stories of
UFOs and aliens, prior to that-- a
787
00:51:43,714 --> 00:51:44,881
lot of sightings.
788
00:51:44,948 --> 00:51:47,884
They weren't as widely reported,
somewhat also because
789
00:51:47,951 --> 00:51:51,687
World War II had been
going on, prior to that.
790
00:51:51,688 --> 00:51:55,591
But because now we had a crash
and there was more room in the
791
00:51:55,626 --> 00:52:01,397
newspaper, so to speak, I think that
really helped the subject take off.
792
00:52:01,431 --> 00:52:05,935
If, as some suggest aliens
from other worlds truly
793
00:52:05,969 --> 00:52:09,939
are among us and have done
their best to keep themselves
794
00:52:09,973 --> 00:52:16,312
hidden for thousands of years-- will
they ever reveal their presence?
795
00:52:16,346 --> 00:52:21,250
More importantly, what
happens if they do?
796
00:52:21,318 --> 00:52:25,955
And what if it is already happening?
797
00:52:27,516 --> 00:52:35,656
In March 2010, a mysterious pulsating
light floated over Cleveland, Ohio,
798
00:52:35,691 --> 00:52:38,593
for 11 consecutive nights.
799
00:52:38,594 --> 00:52:41,929
We're having a sighting
right now over the lake.
800
00:52:41,997 --> 00:52:46,000
I'm going to say 270 degrees south.
801
00:52:46,001 --> 00:52:47,268
There are two objects.
802
00:52:47,302 --> 00:52:48,770
One is coming up from the left.
803
00:52:48,804 --> 00:52:50,938
These are extremely
close to each other.
804
00:52:51,006 --> 00:52:53,775
There's absolutely no
way these are planes.
805
00:52:53,809 --> 00:52:56,844
Right now what's happening is
the initial object that came
806
00:52:56,945 --> 00:53:00,581
out-- it's sitting there, it's hovering,
it's getting extremely bright.
807
00:53:00,649 --> 00:53:02,583
It's illuminating different colors.
808
00:53:02,651 --> 00:53:06,821
And the second object appeared from,
I'm going to say the top left of it.
809
00:53:06,855 --> 00:53:10,858
And now it looks like
it's moving around it.
810
00:53:10,893 --> 00:53:11,759
Wow!
811
00:53:11,827 --> 00:53:15,029
They just completely
just switched spots.
812
00:53:15,130 --> 00:53:17,198
Oh, my God, this is beautiful!
813
00:53:17,299 --> 00:53:18,499
It knows we're watching!
814
00:53:18,567 --> 00:53:20,668
It knows we're watching!
815
00:53:20,736 --> 00:53:25,039
The Cleveland sighting is one of
thousands reported each year.
816
00:53:25,107 --> 00:53:28,209
And while many are proved to be
false alarms, others are not so
817
00:53:28,243 --> 00:53:30,845
easily discredited.
818
00:53:30,879 --> 00:53:32,313
Right below it.
819
00:53:32,347 --> 00:53:35,283
A big bright white
flash just occurred.
820
00:53:35,317 --> 00:53:38,953
In 1991, Britain's Ministry
of Defense assigned
821
00:53:39,021 --> 00:53:42,557
author and journalist, Nick
Pope, to track the hundreds of
822
00:53:42,591 --> 00:53:47,562
sightings reported over England,
Scotland and Wales every year.
823
00:53:47,596 --> 00:53:55,203
The Ministry of Defence has been looking
at the UFO issue since the 1950s.
824
00:53:55,204 --> 00:53:58,940
And the whole reason for
looking at these UFO sightings
825
00:53:59,007 --> 00:54:02,376
is not necessarily because the
department corporately believes
826
00:54:02,444 --> 00:54:04,846
in extraterrestrial visitation.
827
00:54:04,847 --> 00:54:07,715
It's more to do with keeping a
watchful eye on any unusual
828
00:54:07,749 --> 00:54:10,218
activity in British airspace.
829
00:54:10,252 --> 00:54:12,620
Clearly if there's something
there that's a little bit out
830
00:54:12,654 --> 00:54:16,023
of the ordinary, we
want to know about it.
831
00:54:19,094 --> 00:54:23,731
My beliefs when I was given
this job were, I think, what on
832
00:54:23,765 --> 00:54:26,100
earth have I let myself in for here?
833
00:54:26,201 --> 00:54:30,371
I had no particular knowledge or
interest in the UFO phenomenon.
834
00:54:30,405 --> 00:54:34,208
Certainly no belief
in anything unusual.
835
00:54:34,243 --> 00:54:37,078
But the more I looked back
through the archive of old
836
00:54:37,112 --> 00:54:39,981
files, and the more I began to
investigate the ones that were
837
00:54:40,015 --> 00:54:43,651
being reported to me on a daily
basis, I began to change my
838
00:54:43,719 --> 00:54:47,922
mind, and realized that some of
these UFO sightings couldn't be
839
00:54:47,956 --> 00:54:50,825
explained in conventional terms.
840
00:54:50,893 --> 00:54:52,727
It's definitely moving.
841
00:54:52,761 --> 00:54:57,365
Many of the most intriguing cases
Pope researched involved eyewitness
842
00:54:57,432 --> 00:55:02,637
reports from pilots, police
and military officers-- while
843
00:55:02,671 --> 00:55:09,911
others featured classified radar,
video or photographic evidence.
844
00:55:12,347 --> 00:55:15,283
One case that was a
particular turning point for
845
00:55:15,350 --> 00:55:18,920
me was the so-called Cosford Incident.
846
00:55:18,921 --> 00:55:23,291
Now, Cosford is a military
base in the United Kingdom.
847
00:55:23,325 --> 00:55:27,828
And on the particular night in
question, which was 30th of
848
00:55:27,863 --> 00:55:32,266
March, 1993, there was a wave
of sightings over a period of
849
00:55:32,301 --> 00:55:34,001
about six hours.
850
00:55:34,036 --> 00:55:36,804
And there were many police
and military witnesses.
851
00:55:36,838 --> 00:55:40,808
And two air force bases,
Cosford and Shawbury, were
852
00:55:40,842 --> 00:55:45,646
directly overflown by a vast
triangular shaped craft.
853
00:55:47,716 --> 00:55:51,285
Now, the meteorological officer
at one of these bases described
854
00:55:51,353 --> 00:55:55,990
this to me as the size of a
jumbo jet hovering, or moving
855
00:55:56,024 --> 00:56:00,261
very, very slowly, and then
accelerating away to the
856
00:56:00,295 --> 00:56:02,363
horizon at incredible speed.
857
00:56:02,464 --> 00:56:07,068
He said many times faster
than a military jet.
858
00:56:07,102 --> 00:56:11,739
And this was a man with eight years
experience in the air force.
859
00:56:11,740 --> 00:56:16,377
This sighting was thoroughly
investigated not only by private UFO
860
00:56:16,411 --> 00:56:19,547
investigators, but also by the
British government, who were
861
00:56:19,581 --> 00:56:26,354
unable to explain all of the sightings
reported during this incident.
862
00:56:26,421 --> 00:56:32,326
Another intriguing British UFO
sighting took place in December 1980.
863
00:56:32,361 --> 00:56:35,997
U.S. Air Force personnel
stationed in Suffolk, England,
864
00:56:36,064 --> 00:56:39,533
reported seeing a brilliantly
illuminated spaceship that
865
00:56:39,601 --> 00:56:43,871
landed in Rendlesham Forest
on two consecutive nights.
866
00:56:53,982 --> 00:56:57,518
What made this case
particularly unusual is that
867
00:56:57,552 --> 00:57:01,088
this was not vague lights in the sky.
868
00:57:01,123 --> 00:57:03,991
This was a landed metallic
craft that some of the
869
00:57:04,059 --> 00:57:07,161
witnesses claimed they got so
close to, they could actually
870
00:57:07,195 --> 00:57:09,530
touch the side of it.
871
00:57:09,564 --> 00:57:14,735
One witness saw strange symbols
on the hull, which he likened to
872
00:57:14,803 --> 00:57:16,604
Egyptian hieroglyphs.
873
00:57:16,638 --> 00:57:19,340
He made a sketch of this in his
police notebook and took some
874
00:57:19,374 --> 00:57:23,077
photos, though he was subsequently
told they didn't come out.
875
00:57:23,111 --> 00:57:27,548
The Ministry of Defence looked
at this, and the Defence
876
00:57:27,582 --> 00:57:32,253
intelligence staff assessed
radiation readings that had
877
00:57:32,320 --> 00:57:36,457
been taken at the landing site
as being "significantly higher
878
00:57:36,525 --> 00:57:37,792
than background."
879
00:57:37,826 --> 00:57:40,895
And that's a direct quote from
the government's own assessment.
880
00:57:40,929 --> 00:57:45,900
The British government generated a
massive file of information about this
881
00:57:45,934 --> 00:57:48,069
sighting report.
882
00:57:48,136 --> 00:57:51,405
But at this date, it's very
unlikely that the actual truth
883
00:57:51,440 --> 00:57:55,276
about the sighting will ever be known.
884
00:57:59,014 --> 00:58:02,516
But in spite of the compelling
eyewitness testimony, the Ministry of
885
00:58:02,584 --> 00:58:07,588
Defence soon declared the case closed.
886
00:58:07,622 --> 00:58:12,793
22 years later, when the government
declassified files on the Rendlesham
887
00:58:12,861 --> 00:58:16,797
incident, the evidence
was inconclusive.
888
00:58:16,865 --> 00:58:19,800
But what stood out was the
credibility of the main
889
00:58:19,868 --> 00:58:22,970
witnesses, who were trained
military personnel.
890
00:58:23,004 --> 00:58:26,874
Obviously, as a UFO hunter,
I've met a lot of people
891
00:58:26,908 --> 00:58:29,210
who've encountered UFOs.
892
00:58:29,211 --> 00:58:32,980
Just flying on a plane for
example: You're on a plane, and
893
00:58:33,048 --> 00:58:35,449
suddenly the pilot comes out
of the cockpit, and this has
894
00:58:35,517 --> 00:58:38,519
happened on five separate occasions.
895
00:58:38,520 --> 00:58:42,623
And he'll say to me, "I saw a
UFO over Phoenix, I saw a UFO
896
00:58:42,691 --> 00:58:46,227
over Texas, half my crew saw a UFO.
897
00:58:46,261 --> 00:58:49,063
And you'll say to the pilot,
"Well, well, do you report it?"
898
00:58:49,131 --> 00:58:52,533
And they say when the flight
controller says at the airport,
899
00:58:52,567 --> 00:58:55,169
"Do you want to report a UFO
sighting," and then bursts out
900
00:58:55,203 --> 00:58:58,539
laughing, what you say is, "No."
901
00:58:58,607 --> 00:59:02,042
There are UFO sightings
every single day.
902
00:59:02,077 --> 00:59:07,581
Real people with real
sightings of real UFOs.
903
00:59:07,616 --> 00:59:11,886
It is very prevalent as more
and more people talk about it.
904
00:59:11,920 --> 00:59:14,989
Something is going on.
905
00:59:15,023 --> 00:59:20,261
In terms of the government response to
all this, certainly in Britain, the
906
00:59:20,328 --> 00:59:25,166
Ministry of Defence policy for
many years has been to try and
907
00:59:25,200 --> 00:59:27,668
downplay this subject.
908
00:59:27,702 --> 00:59:31,038
Not really in any great
sinister attempt to cover up
909
00:59:31,072 --> 00:59:34,508
the truth about UFOs, whatever
that might be, but more out of
910
00:59:34,543 --> 00:59:35,509
embarrassment.
911
00:59:35,577 --> 00:59:37,411
There are things in our
airspace, we don't know what
912
00:59:37,512 --> 00:59:39,880
they are, and that's not a good
place for the government and
913
00:59:39,948 --> 00:59:41,415
the military to be.
914
00:59:41,449 --> 00:59:47,188
On December 1, 2009, the British Ministry
o Defence quietly terminated its
915
00:59:47,222 --> 00:59:51,992
UFO project, citing that there
had been no credible evidence
916
00:59:52,027 --> 00:59:57,665
that UFOs posed "a potential
threat to the United Kingdom."
917
00:59:57,732 --> 01:00:03,270
There are a number of aspects
of this decision that
918
01:00:03,305 --> 01:00:05,105
were particularly controversial.
919
01:00:05,173 --> 01:00:10,477
Firstly, UFO sightings are at a
ten-year high in the United Kingdom.
920
01:00:10,545 --> 01:00:13,681
So, it seemed the most
inopportune moment to pull the
921
01:00:13,715 --> 01:00:18,652
plug on 50 years of research and
investigation into the UFO mystery.
922
01:00:18,687 --> 01:00:22,489
The other point that made this
particularly controversial was
923
01:00:22,557 --> 01:00:25,492
the way in which the
decision was announced.
924
01:00:25,527 --> 01:00:30,331
There was no proactive
statement issued on this.
925
01:00:30,365 --> 01:00:33,400
It simply said: The department
will not respond to any
926
01:00:33,468 --> 01:00:39,506
inquiries on this subject and will
no longer investigate sightings.
927
01:00:41,710 --> 01:00:45,946
One hurdle confronting those in favor
of fully disclosing classified
928
01:00:46,014 --> 01:00:50,651
information related to UFOs is
the fact that most mainstream
929
01:00:50,685 --> 01:00:54,688
scientists believe that the
study of alien phenomena is
930
01:00:54,756 --> 01:00:58,559
little more than just fringe science.
931
01:00:58,593 --> 01:01:02,396
It is this fear of dismissal
or ridicule that keeps many
932
01:01:02,430 --> 01:01:05,966
scientists hidden in the shadows.
933
01:01:05,967 --> 01:01:10,671
Our best scientists, who communicate
with one another, around the world,
934
01:01:10,705 --> 01:01:16,310
have rules of protocol, which
include-- they cannot appear to
935
01:01:16,378 --> 01:01:21,582
be religious...
(laughs), they cannot believe in flying
936
01:01:21,616 --> 01:01:23,751
saucers, and they certainly
shouldn't hang around with
937
01:01:23,785 --> 01:01:28,088
anybody who believes
in flying saucers.
938
01:01:28,123 --> 01:01:31,025
But it's all done, you
might say, behind closed
939
01:01:31,059 --> 01:01:35,663
doors, because nobody really
wants to draw attention to it.
940
01:01:35,730 --> 01:01:38,933
You know that they understand,
you know, that there is a
941
01:01:38,967 --> 01:01:42,036
penalty associated with this
kind of research, and so
942
01:01:42,103 --> 01:01:46,373
consequently, it's done,
it's done "invisibly."
943
01:01:46,408 --> 01:01:50,678
To be blockaded and stopped by
worries about peer reviews and
944
01:01:50,745 --> 01:01:52,212
so forth, to me, is wrong.
945
01:01:52,247 --> 01:01:55,115
We can speculate whether there
is life outside this planet.
946
01:01:55,150 --> 01:01:58,085
We can speculate whether there
has been a contact with, with
947
01:01:58,119 --> 01:01:58,953
other civilizations.
948
01:01:58,987 --> 01:02:00,988
Why not?
949
01:02:00,989 --> 01:02:06,393
But as more scientists openly embrace
the probability that there is
950
01:02:06,428 --> 01:02:10,097
intelligent life existing
elsewhere in the universe,
951
01:02:10,131 --> 01:02:15,002
Will the belief that alien beings are
visiting us also become more accepted?
952
01:02:19,270 --> 01:02:24,474
What might be the reaction today
if extraterrestrials were to
953
01:02:24,509 --> 01:02:30,447
actually arrive on Earth, and
make themselves known to us?
954
01:02:30,448 --> 01:02:34,618
Countless science fiction books
and films tend to portray
955
01:02:34,652 --> 01:02:39,289
aliens coming either to
warn us or destroy us.
956
01:02:39,357 --> 01:02:44,194
Since the 1960s, people have been
thinking about: Well, what do we do?
957
01:02:44,229 --> 01:02:45,362
Do we have a Day the Earth
958
01:02:45,396 --> 01:02:47,030
Stood Still scenario, if aliens
959
01:02:47,098 --> 01:02:48,465
come?
960
01:02:48,533 --> 01:02:52,369
Do they warn us that our
planet is facing disaster?
961
01:02:52,403 --> 01:02:55,205
Do they attack us, the way the
Martians did in War of the
962
01:02:55,240 --> 01:02:56,473
Worlds?
963
01:02:56,507 --> 01:02:59,109
Well, the answer is more
964
01:02:59,177 --> 01:03:00,911
complicated than it seems.
965
01:03:00,979 --> 01:03:01,912
It's not just somebody landing,
966
01:03:01,980 --> 01:03:03,180
and saying, "Take me to your
967
01:03:03,214 --> 01:03:05,549
leader."
968
01:03:10,021 --> 01:03:11,021
The general
969
01:03:11,089 --> 01:03:12,189
consensus today is that if
970
01:03:12,257 --> 01:03:13,523
extraterrestrials were to show
971
01:03:13,558 --> 01:03:16,093
up tomorrow, they'd be hostile,
972
01:03:16,160 --> 01:03:17,561
and they would want to enslave
973
01:03:17,595 --> 01:03:20,731
us and, and battle us and, and
974
01:03:20,832 --> 01:03:21,898
destroy us and all this crazy
975
01:03:22,000 --> 01:03:23,166
stuff.
976
01:03:23,201 --> 01:03:25,902
In my opinion, that won't be
977
01:03:26,004 --> 01:03:27,904
the case because any
978
01:03:28,006 --> 01:03:29,706
civilization that's mastered to
979
01:03:29,741 --> 01:03:32,276
travel interstellar space would
980
01:03:32,343 --> 01:03:35,545
be benevolent to a lesser
981
01:03:35,580 --> 01:03:36,913
advanced society
982
01:03:37,015 --> 01:03:39,182
technologically speaking.
983
01:03:40,184 --> 01:03:41,785
A simple statistic
984
01:03:41,819 --> 01:03:43,920
shows that if we make contact
985
01:03:43,988 --> 01:03:45,355
with extraterrestrial
986
01:03:45,423 --> 01:03:47,057
civilization, we are the new
987
01:03:47,091 --> 01:03:48,258
kids on the block.
988
01:03:48,359 --> 01:03:50,627
We're the ones who are at the
989
01:03:50,695 --> 01:03:52,629
back of the queue when it comes
990
01:03:52,697 --> 01:03:53,563
to intelligence.
991
01:03:53,631 --> 01:03:55,198
So, they'll be teaching us
992
01:03:55,266 --> 01:03:55,966
stuff.
993
01:03:56,000 --> 01:03:57,601
We won't have a great deal to
994
01:03:57,635 --> 01:03:59,269
teach them.
995
01:03:59,370 --> 01:04:00,470
There are a
996
01:04:00,538 --> 01:04:01,972
wide range of benefits that can
997
01:04:02,006 --> 01:04:04,174
be derived from accepting that
998
01:04:04,242 --> 01:04:05,976
we have neighbors in the galaxy
999
01:04:06,010 --> 01:04:06,977
that are visiting us.
1000
01:04:07,011 --> 01:04:07,978
There are reports of medical
1001
01:04:08,012 --> 01:04:08,979
treatments that have been
1002
01:04:09,013 --> 01:04:10,013
performed for the benefit of
1003
01:04:10,081 --> 01:04:11,148
several people who have had
1004
01:04:11,182 --> 01:04:13,183
contact.
1005
01:04:13,184 --> 01:04:14,117
There are advanced energy
1006
01:04:14,185 --> 01:04:15,285
technologies.
1007
01:04:15,320 --> 01:04:16,553
Reports are that some of these
1008
01:04:16,621 --> 01:04:17,621
have been reverse-engineered
1009
01:04:17,655 --> 01:04:18,622
already and are used in
1010
01:04:18,723 --> 01:04:21,458
military craft.
1011
01:04:21,492 --> 01:04:22,726
There are communications
1012
01:04:22,794 --> 01:04:25,362
technology.
1013
01:04:25,430 --> 01:04:26,730
So, really, any area of life
1014
01:04:26,798 --> 01:04:27,998
that we have could be
1015
01:04:28,066 --> 01:04:29,633
beneficially impacted by
1016
01:04:29,667 --> 01:04:31,735
acknowledging that there are
1017
01:04:31,769 --> 01:04:33,370
these other people out there
1018
01:04:33,404 --> 01:04:35,272
that they have information,
1019
01:04:35,306 --> 01:04:36,707
knowledge that they can share
1020
01:04:36,741 --> 01:04:38,608
with us that would benefit us.
1021
01:04:38,643 --> 01:04:39,576
It's going to
1022
01:04:39,610 --> 01:04:40,977
depend how the discovery
1023
01:04:41,079 --> 01:04:41,545
comes about.
1024
01:04:41,579 --> 01:04:42,979
If, in fact, it's a
1025
01:04:43,081 --> 01:04:44,548
distant radio broadcast,
1026
01:04:44,615 --> 01:04:46,249
we might expect one thing.
1027
01:04:46,284 --> 01:04:48,985
If in fact, there's, uh,
1028
01:04:49,087 --> 01:04:50,320
some type of visitations that
1029
01:04:50,355 --> 01:04:52,255
fits in with beliefs about UFOs,
1030
01:04:52,323 --> 01:04:53,724
that might be something else.
1031
01:04:53,758 --> 01:04:55,359
But on the whole, I think
1032
01:04:55,426 --> 01:04:57,461
people are much more prepared
1033
01:04:57,528 --> 01:05:00,997
for, uh, shall we say "contact"?
1034
01:05:04,068 --> 01:05:05,135
Many who believe
1035
01:05:05,169 --> 01:05:07,137
contact with extraterrestrials
1036
01:05:07,171 --> 01:05:09,272
is inevitable suggest
1037
01:05:09,307 --> 01:05:10,273
governments need to prepare
1038
01:05:10,341 --> 01:05:11,007
themselves.
1039
01:05:11,075 --> 01:05:13,143
It's a field of study known as
1040
01:05:13,177 --> 01:05:15,178
"exopolitics."
1041
01:05:15,179 --> 01:05:17,047
Exopolitics poses
1042
01:05:17,081 --> 01:05:18,148
the question: "What should our
1043
01:05:18,182 --> 01:05:20,183
response be to that situation
1044
01:05:20,218 --> 01:05:22,285
at a societal level?"
1045
01:05:22,320 --> 01:05:24,121
Not necessarily at a
1046
01:05:24,155 --> 01:05:25,222
governmental level, but
1047
01:05:25,289 --> 01:05:27,324
actually individuals-- how can
1048
01:05:27,358 --> 01:05:29,226
we reach o with the hand
1049
01:05:29,260 --> 01:05:30,260
of friendship?
1050
01:05:30,294 --> 01:05:31,728
Exopolitics has
1051
01:05:31,763 --> 01:05:33,263
really been a grassroots
1052
01:05:33,297 --> 01:05:34,197
movement of people concerned
1053
01:05:34,265 --> 01:05:35,999
about this issue and want
1054
01:05:36,067 --> 01:05:38,001
disclosure on the UFO subject,
1055
01:05:38,069 --> 01:05:39,403
and also want to help organize
1056
01:05:39,437 --> 01:05:41,471
people locally to get the
1057
01:05:41,539 --> 01:05:43,006
information out to their
1058
01:05:43,074 --> 01:05:44,374
governments and make this big
1059
01:05:44,442 --> 01:05:46,276
change happen.
1060
01:05:46,344 --> 01:05:47,744
But if we reach out
1061
01:05:47,812 --> 01:05:50,080
in friendship, what guarantee do
1062
01:05:50,114 --> 01:05:51,815
we have that it will be
1063
01:05:51,916 --> 01:05:56,153
returned in kind?
1064
01:05:56,187 --> 01:05:57,721
Many scientists, including
1065
01:05:57,789 --> 01:05:59,990
famed theoretical physicist
1066
01:06:00,091 --> 01:06:02,426
Stephen Hawking, believe alien
1067
01:06:02,460 --> 01:06:04,261
beings could pose a threat and
1068
01:06:04,295 --> 01:06:06,830
suggest we do everything
1069
01:06:06,864 --> 01:06:09,199
possible to prevent contact.
1070
01:06:09,267 --> 01:06:11,334
If extraterrestrials,
1071
01:06:11,369 --> 01:06:13,170
or aliens, were aggressive, were
1072
01:06:13,271 --> 01:06:15,005
warlike, and they came here, is
1073
01:06:15,106 --> 01:06:17,174
it a case where resistance
1074
01:06:17,275 --> 01:06:17,841
is futile?
1075
01:06:17,942 --> 01:06:19,643
How do you wipe out life on
1076
01:06:19,710 --> 01:06:20,644
planet Earth?
1077
01:06:20,678 --> 01:06:23,180
That's easy-- a plague.
1078
01:06:23,181 --> 01:06:27,350
Simple-- no UFOs, no zorching
1079
01:06:27,452 --> 01:06:29,085
beams from the sky, no
1080
01:06:29,153 --> 01:06:31,021
explosions, no Empire State
1081
01:06:31,122 --> 01:06:32,456
Building collapsing,
1082
01:06:32,490 --> 01:06:33,356
none of that.
1083
01:06:33,391 --> 01:06:34,458
We can do that.
1084
01:06:34,492 --> 01:06:36,827
Why can't aliens do that?
1085
01:06:38,463 --> 01:06:40,063
To think that
1086
01:06:40,097 --> 01:06:41,465
we would be able to come up
1087
01:06:41,532 --> 01:06:43,166
with some type of a defense
1088
01:06:43,201 --> 01:06:45,168
mechanism or have defenses
1089
01:06:45,203 --> 01:06:47,370
against interstellar traveling
1090
01:06:47,405 --> 01:06:51,441
society is ludicrous.
1091
01:06:51,509 --> 01:06:52,909
Whethercame
1092
01:06:52,977 --> 01:06:55,345
as friend or foe, if
1093
01:06:55,379 --> 01:06:57,080
extraterrestrials did land
1094
01:06:57,148 --> 01:06:59,082
somewhere in the United States,
1095
01:06:59,150 --> 01:07:01,251
it's possible the aliens would
1096
01:07:01,285 --> 01:07:03,086
be greeted by government or
1097
01:07:03,154 --> 01:07:05,088
military personnel wearing
1098
01:07:05,156 --> 01:07:06,556
Hazmat suits and testing for
1099
01:07:06,624 --> 01:07:11,895
harmful pathogens and radiation.
1100
01:07:11,996 --> 01:07:14,097
Many conspiracy theorists
1101
01:07:14,165 --> 01:07:16,266
suspect the government's next
1102
01:07:16,334 --> 01:07:18,602
step would be to cover up
1103
01:07:18,636 --> 01:07:20,070
the visitation.
1104
01:07:20,171 --> 01:07:22,539
They cite as evidence a reputed
1105
01:07:22,607 --> 01:07:23,907
sighting that took place over
1106
01:07:24,008 --> 01:07:27,344
Washington, D.C. in 1952.
1107
01:07:27,378 --> 01:07:28,879
In full view of the
1108
01:07:28,913 --> 01:07:32,249
entire world, a squadron,
1109
01:07:32,350 --> 01:07:34,084
a formation of UFOs buzzed
1110
01:07:34,185 --> 01:07:37,087
Washington and fought our own
1111
01:07:37,188 --> 01:07:39,689
F-93 jet fighters.
1112
01:07:39,724 --> 01:07:42,325
General Samford willingly and
1113
01:07:42,360 --> 01:07:44,327
deliberately-- maybe on
1114
01:07:44,395 --> 01:07:45,862
instructions from Harry Truman,
1115
01:07:45,930 --> 01:07:47,931
who was president-- lied to the
1116
01:07:47,965 --> 01:07:49,566
American people.
1117
01:07:49,600 --> 01:07:50,667
We have received
1118
01:07:50,701 --> 01:07:52,102
and analyzed between one and
1119
01:07:52,136 --> 01:07:53,770
two thousand reports.
1120
01:07:53,838 --> 01:07:55,605
Of this great mass of reports,
1121
01:07:55,673 --> 01:07:58,108
we have been able, adequately,
1122
01:07:58,142 --> 01:08:00,110
to explain the great bulk
1123
01:08:00,144 --> 01:08:01,511
of them.
1124
01:08:01,579 --> 01:08:02,779
His own Captain
1125
01:08:02,847 --> 01:08:04,581
Ruppelt, in his own book on
1126
01:08:04,682 --> 01:08:05,282
flying saucers, says
1127
01:08:05,316 --> 01:08:08,852
Samford was lying.
1128
01:08:08,920 --> 01:08:10,320
We have the letter from the air
1129
01:08:10,388 --> 01:08:13,490
force to Dean Condon, saying
1130
01:08:13,558 --> 01:08:15,559
"Deep-six UFOs."
1131
01:08:15,593 --> 01:08:17,127
So, have UFOs come to planet
1132
01:08:17,194 --> 01:08:18,762
Earth in full view, have
1133
01:08:18,863 --> 01:08:20,130
manifested themselves, have
1134
01:08:20,197 --> 01:08:21,131
shown themselves?
1135
01:08:21,198 --> 01:08:23,133
Yes.
1136
01:08:23,200 --> 01:08:24,134
Did we see it?
1137
01:08:24,201 --> 01:08:25,135
Yes.
1138
01:08:25,202 --> 01:08:26,603
Was there a protocol for
1139
01:08:26,637 --> 01:08:27,504
handling it?
1140
01:08:27,572 --> 01:08:28,505
Yes.
1141
01:08:28,573 --> 01:08:31,308
That protocol was called "deny."
1142
01:08:31,375 --> 01:08:33,577
But if an alien
1143
01:08:33,611 --> 01:08:35,946
visitation proved undeniable,
1144
01:08:36,047 --> 01:08:38,114
who might be chosen to then
1145
01:08:38,215 --> 01:08:39,583
speak to those inside the
1146
01:08:39,650 --> 01:08:42,118
spacecraft?
1147
01:08:42,219 --> 01:08:43,119
Who could best represent all
1148
01:08:43,220 --> 01:08:44,321
the nations and interests
1149
01:08:44,388 --> 01:08:46,356
of Earth?
1150
01:08:46,357 --> 01:08:47,624
If aliens do land
1151
01:08:47,658 --> 01:08:49,092
on Earth, I think we should
1152
01:08:49,193 --> 01:08:50,927
send our best world leaders who
1153
01:08:50,995 --> 01:08:52,562
are the most open-minded
1154
01:08:52,630 --> 01:08:53,797
and reasonable, but who also
1155
01:08:53,831 --> 01:08:56,099
have the ability to defend
1156
01:08:56,200 --> 01:08:59,269
themselves against those aliens.
1157
01:08:59,370 --> 01:09:00,837
In my opinion,
1158
01:09:00,905 --> 01:09:02,539
that's one of the reasons we
1159
01:09:02,607 --> 01:09:03,607
have a United Nations.
1160
01:09:03,641 --> 01:09:05,742
Yes, it prevents wars and
1161
01:09:05,810 --> 01:09:07,711
delivers food, but on the other
1162
01:09:07,745 --> 01:09:10,146
hand, just imagine the Security
1163
01:09:10,181 --> 01:09:12,148
Council itself convening to
1164
01:09:12,183 --> 01:09:14,618
deal with aliens-- an image
1165
01:09:14,652 --> 01:09:15,919
on a big screen at the
1166
01:09:15,987 --> 01:09:17,153
United Nations.
1167
01:09:17,188 --> 01:09:18,555
The answer is I think it all
1168
01:09:18,623 --> 01:09:20,457
happened back in the 1940s,
1169
01:09:20,558 --> 01:09:22,359
and that was one of the reasons
1170
01:09:22,426 --> 01:09:24,260
that Roosevelt and Eleanor
1171
01:09:24,328 --> 01:09:26,463
Roosevelt pushed so hard for
1172
01:09:26,530 --> 01:09:28,431
the formation of a United
1173
01:09:28,466 --> 01:09:30,166
Nations to replace the League
1174
01:09:30,234 --> 01:09:32,168
of Nations.
1175
01:09:32,236 --> 01:09:33,003
Somebody had to confront
1176
01:09:33,070 --> 01:09:35,171
the aliens.
1177
01:09:35,239 --> 01:09:36,606
The notion that
1178
01:09:36,641 --> 01:09:38,808
our leaders-- elected or
1179
01:09:38,909 --> 01:09:39,909
otherwise-- should speak on our
1180
01:09:39,944 --> 01:09:41,911
behalf, I don't necessarily
1181
01:09:41,946 --> 01:09:44,180
think that makes sense.
1182
01:09:44,248 --> 01:09:46,182
There are a lot of people who
1183
01:09:46,250 --> 01:09:47,450
might have better ideas than
1184
01:09:47,485 --> 01:09:48,685
the people who are in
1185
01:09:48,719 --> 01:09:49,452
government.
1186
01:09:49,520 --> 01:09:52,355
I'd like to see a profoundly
1187
01:09:52,423 --> 01:09:54,891
democratic-- with a small d--
1188
01:09:54,959 --> 01:09:57,460
unauthoritarian interaction
1189
01:09:57,495 --> 01:09:59,896
with aliens.
1190
01:09:59,964 --> 01:10:01,331
Currently, there
1191
01:10:01,365 --> 01:10:02,866
are no known official protocols
1192
01:10:02,900 --> 01:10:04,634
in place for an alien
1193
01:10:04,702 --> 01:10:05,902
visitation.
1194
01:10:05,970 --> 01:10:07,270
But there are those
1195
01:10:07,338 --> 01:10:08,638
who think that contact with
1196
01:10:08,706 --> 01:10:11,174
extraterrestrials is imminent,
1197
01:10:11,275 --> 01:10:12,876
and that our world leaders must
1198
01:10:12,910 --> 01:10:14,444
plan for the event now.
1199
01:10:14,512 --> 01:10:15,979
We are not alone
1200
01:10:16,013 --> 01:10:16,913
in the universe.
1201
01:10:16,981 --> 01:10:18,815
We have friends and relatives
1202
01:10:18,883 --> 01:10:20,884
out there in the galaxies.
1203
01:10:22,787 --> 01:10:25,622
And we need to take on this
1204
01:10:25,690 --> 01:10:27,190
task, one way or the other, of
1205
01:10:27,258 --> 01:10:28,958
just getting the job done, and
1206
01:10:28,993 --> 01:10:30,527
getting to the point where we're
1207
01:10:30,561 --> 01:10:31,961
considering the practical
1208
01:10:31,996 --> 01:10:33,630
details of interacting with
1209
01:10:33,698 --> 01:10:35,065
these friends and neighbors
1210
01:10:35,099 --> 01:10:36,332
out there.
1211
01:10:36,367 --> 01:10:37,867
Who is responsle
1212
01:10:37,935 --> 01:10:39,302
for that relationship?
1213
01:10:39,336 --> 01:10:41,237
Well, the State Department
1214
01:10:41,305 --> 01:10:42,205
isn't.
1215
01:10:42,239 --> 01:10:43,239
The United Nations isn't.
1216
01:10:43,307 --> 01:10:45,208
And I think this is a very big
1217
01:10:45,242 --> 01:10:45,508
problem.
1218
01:10:45,543 --> 01:10:46,509
So where there needs to
1219
01:10:46,577 --> 01:10:49,212
be a diplomatic effort to make
1220
01:10:49,280 --> 01:10:50,780
contact with these interstellar
1221
01:10:50,815 --> 01:10:52,215
civilizations in such a way
1222
01:10:52,283 --> 01:10:54,918
that it puts wiser people in
1223
01:10:54,952 --> 01:10:56,653
charge of that.
1224
01:10:56,687 --> 01:10:58,555
Even if you don't
1225
01:10:58,589 --> 01:10:59,489
corporately believe in
1226
01:10:59,523 --> 01:11:00,690
extraterrestrials, if you think
1227
01:11:00,725 --> 01:11:04,828
the possibility of alien
1228
01:11:04,862 --> 01:11:05,829
visitation is vanishingly
1229
01:11:05,863 --> 01:11:07,330
small, the consequences if it
1230
01:11:07,398 --> 01:11:10,033
does happen are immense, and
1231
01:11:10,067 --> 01:11:11,234
therefore, it's prudent to have
1232
01:11:11,302 --> 01:11:12,502
something in place to deal
1233
01:11:12,570 --> 01:11:13,303
with it.
1234
01:11:13,370 --> 01:11:14,304
Personally, I think
1235
01:11:14,371 --> 01:11:15,772
it would be very, very exciting.
1236
01:11:15,840 --> 01:11:17,273
I mean, it would be just like
1237
01:11:17,308 --> 01:11:18,575
the first time, you know, the
1238
01:11:18,642 --> 01:11:20,210
explorers came from Europe to
1239
01:11:20,311 --> 01:11:21,511
the Americas and discovered a
1240
01:11:21,579 --> 01:11:22,946
whole new culture, and they had
1241
01:11:22,947 --> 01:11:23,913
to interact.
1242
01:11:23,981 --> 01:11:25,181
Hopefully, it won't work out as
1243
01:11:25,282 --> 01:11:26,649
some of the bad things that
1244
01:11:26,684 --> 01:11:27,917
occurred then, it would be a
1245
01:11:27,985 --> 01:11:28,918
more positive experience, and
1246
01:11:28,986 --> 01:11:30,019
maybe we've learned from that
1247
01:11:30,054 --> 01:11:32,021
and we can go forward.
1248
01:11:32,022 --> 01:11:32,989
What would happen
1249
01:11:33,023 --> 01:11:33,990
after any potential
1250
01:11:34,058 --> 01:11:34,991
extraterrestrial contact is
1251
01:11:35,059 --> 01:11:37,193
open to much speculation.
1252
01:11:37,261 --> 01:11:38,628
But most people concede one
1253
01:11:38,696 --> 01:11:41,364
thing: The world as we know it
1254
01:11:41,398 --> 01:11:44,834
would change dramatically.
1255
01:11:44,869 --> 01:11:46,970
The result would
1256
01:11:47,004 --> 01:11:48,338
be that the fundamentalist
1257
01:11:48,372 --> 01:11:49,639
orthodox belief systems of
1258
01:11:49,707 --> 01:11:52,008
every organized religion on
1259
01:11:52,042 --> 01:11:54,244
Earth would collapse.
1260
01:11:54,278 --> 01:11:56,346
Meaning that it would really
1261
01:11:56,380 --> 01:11:57,814
bring into question the origins
1262
01:11:57,882 --> 01:12:00,350
of the human race, uh, the
1263
01:12:00,384 --> 01:12:02,719
genesis stories and a whole lot
1264
01:12:02,820 --> 01:12:04,287
of other issues.
1265
01:12:04,355 --> 01:12:05,355
The very structures
1266
01:12:05,389 --> 01:12:06,723
of government and the very
1267
01:12:06,757 --> 01:12:09,559
structures of religion
1268
01:12:09,593 --> 01:12:11,995
will crumble.
1269
01:12:12,062 --> 01:12:14,831
But in 2008, a
1270
01:12:14,865 --> 01:12:17,267
stunning announcement was made
1271
01:12:17,334 --> 01:12:20,904
from a very surprising source.
1272
01:12:20,938 --> 01:12:23,339
Proof to some that miracles,
1273
01:12:23,374 --> 01:12:27,377
like aliens, do indeed exist.
1274
01:12:31,512 --> 01:12:33,947
The Vatican, Rome.
1275
01:12:34,014 --> 01:12:37,317
This walled enclave has been
the center of power for the
1276
01:12:37,351 --> 01:12:40,653
Catholic Church since
the fifth century.
1277
01:12:40,688 --> 01:12:45,959
It's not only the Pope's residence,
but a place of homage for one billion
1278
01:12:46,026 --> 01:12:51,564
Catholics, and represents
nearly 2,000 years of Christian
1279
01:12:51,599 --> 01:12:53,566
teaching and tradition.
1280
01:12:53,601 --> 01:12:59,773
But in 2008, the Vatican made
an announcement that some say
1281
01:12:59,807 --> 01:13:04,410
might threaten its own existence.
1282
01:13:08,516 --> 01:13:12,018
The Chief Astronomer of the
Vatican Observatory, Father
1283
01:13:12,052 --> 01:13:17,190
Gabriel Funes, acknowledged the
possibility alien life exists
1284
01:13:17,224 --> 01:13:20,393
on other planets.
1285
01:13:20,394 --> 01:13:23,029
They basically said that
belief in planetary
1286
01:13:23,063 --> 01:13:27,467
life outside of Earth does not
negate one's belief in God.
1287
01:13:27,501 --> 01:13:30,870
Now, 500 years ago, if the
Vatican would have said that,
1288
01:13:30,905 --> 01:13:35,475
they would've burned
everybody on the stake.
1289
01:13:35,509 --> 01:13:39,746
The present Pope, Benedict, of course,
has a very scientific bent, and he
1290
01:13:39,780 --> 01:13:45,084
respects intellectual life in, in a
way that is, is quite extraordinary.
1291
01:13:45,085 --> 01:13:47,587
He seemed quite open to
entertain the idea: What if
1292
01:13:47,621 --> 01:13:49,055
there is life on other planets?
1293
01:13:49,123 --> 01:13:51,658
It's certainly an interesting
question for a Christian to
1294
01:13:51,692 --> 01:13:54,294
approach it scientifically, and
challenges your belief of how
1295
01:13:54,328 --> 01:13:58,598
much of this you attribute to God.
1296
01:14:02,837 --> 01:14:09,042
Many wondered about the
church's motives and timing.
1297
01:14:09,109 --> 01:14:12,745
Why, after centuries of belief
in man as God's supreme
1298
01:14:12,780 --> 01:14:16,583
creation and the only
intelligent life in the
1299
01:14:16,617 --> 01:14:20,453
universe, did the Vatican make
an announcement that could tn
1300
01:14:20,521 --> 01:14:23,289
Christianity on its head?
1301
01:14:23,357 --> 01:14:27,093
Did they know something
the rest of us did not?
1302
01:14:29,163 --> 01:14:34,234
This is something that is completely
new in the history of the
1303
01:14:34,268 --> 01:14:39,172
church that the
extraterrestrial question is
1304
01:14:39,206 --> 01:14:45,178
not only addressed, but at
the same time, it's okay.
1305
01:14:45,212 --> 01:14:50,450
I mean, that is a major
change in opinion.
1306
01:14:50,517 --> 01:14:54,320
A major change in the status quo.
1307
01:14:54,355 --> 01:14:57,624
And I ask: Why?
1308
01:14:57,691 --> 01:15:00,727
Would it have huge ramifications?
1309
01:15:00,794 --> 01:15:02,262
Of course.
1310
01:15:02,329 --> 01:15:04,097
Does it change anything?
1311
01:15:04,131 --> 01:15:05,365
Of course.
1312
01:15:05,399 --> 01:15:10,069
But at the same time, would that
change religion or belief in God?
1313
01:15:10,137 --> 01:15:12,071
Not really.
1314
01:15:12,139 --> 01:15:15,808
Some people say, well, the Catholic
Church must know something.
1315
01:15:15,843 --> 01:15:19,812
Maybe they're trying to get
ahead of the game here.
1316
01:15:21,882 --> 01:15:26,085
On the other hand, it may just
be that they're being very
1317
01:15:26,153 --> 01:15:30,089
clever and simply trying to
cover all the bases in case
1318
01:15:30,157 --> 01:15:35,995
there is some great announcement
or discovery about alien life.
1319
01:15:35,996 --> 01:15:39,165
Because make no mistake about
it, if it is announced that
1320
01:15:39,199 --> 01:15:45,505
alien life has been discovered,
people are going to look to
1321
01:15:45,539 --> 01:15:48,341
their religious leaders for
some sort of guidance about
1322
01:15:48,409 --> 01:15:55,882
this, whether it's Christians,
Jews, Muslims, Hindus.
1323
01:15:55,883 --> 01:16:03,156
If extraterrestrial life was found,
then the church would react
1324
01:16:03,190 --> 01:16:08,161
presumably as it does with any
data-- see what there is.
1325
01:16:10,931 --> 01:16:13,967
I don't think there would be any
conflict in the way that we
1326
01:16:14,001 --> 01:16:16,536
look on our humanity.
1327
01:16:16,603 --> 01:16:21,541
What we would find is that
God creates intelligent life
1328
01:16:21,575 --> 01:16:23,676
in a variety of ways.
1329
01:16:23,711 --> 01:16:27,981
And I think what we would learn
from that is, we can't restrtrtt
1330
01:16:28,015 --> 01:16:34,053
God to any one mode of
making intelligent life.
1331
01:16:34,088 --> 01:16:38,791
The idea that intelligent life
exists elsewhere in the universe has
1332
01:16:38,826 --> 01:16:43,262
been debated by religious
leaders, historians and
1333
01:16:43,330 --> 01:16:47,967
scientists, but not everyone
agrees how its proof would
1334
01:16:48,002 --> 01:16:53,039
affect human spirituality or the
many religious institutions.
1335
01:16:53,073 --> 01:16:57,744
What would happen to our
interpretation of the Book of Genesis?
1336
01:16:57,745 --> 01:17:01,814
Well, the Book of Genesis looks
at the universe from the point
1337
01:17:01,849 --> 01:17:02,782
of view of Earth.
1338
01:17:02,816 --> 01:17:07,320
We look at the sun, we look at
the moon, we look at the stars.
1339
01:17:07,354 --> 01:17:12,992
So, to realize that the Earth
is just one small, pale-blue
1340
01:17:13,027 --> 01:17:17,630
dot in this immense universe,
I think it would only expand
1341
01:17:17,698 --> 01:17:19,499
our interpretation of Genesis.
1342
01:17:19,533 --> 01:17:23,703
I don't think it would change
it in any fundamental way.
1343
01:17:23,737 --> 01:17:26,773
It's an interesting question
for Christianity in
1344
01:17:26,807 --> 01:17:29,442
general, since Christianity would
teach that salvation comes
1345
01:17:29,476 --> 01:17:34,380
through Jesus who was
apparently an earthling.
1346
01:17:34,381 --> 01:17:36,516
Um, what do you do if
there are people on Mars?
1347
01:17:36,550 --> 01:17:38,084
Are they saved?
1348
01:17:38,118 --> 01:17:42,422
According to our
viewpoint, I don't know.
1349
01:17:42,456 --> 01:17:44,690
Christians have always
had this problem that if
1350
01:17:44,725 --> 01:17:48,327
there are aliens out there,
are they not to be saved?
1351
01:17:48,395 --> 01:17:49,695
It's not a problem for Jews.
1352
01:17:49,763 --> 01:17:52,565
It's certainly not a problem
for Buddhists or Hindus.
1353
01:17:52,633 --> 01:17:55,034
But Christians are
in a particular fix.
1354
01:17:55,069 --> 01:17:57,437
For a very simple reason that
Christianity alone among the
1355
01:17:57,471 --> 01:18:00,506
world's religions has an incarnation.
1356
01:18:00,574 --> 01:18:03,409
What they mean by that is that
God became incarnate in the
1357
01:18:03,444 --> 01:18:09,782
form of Jesus Christ in
order to be the savior.
1358
01:18:09,783 --> 01:18:12,418
When you talk to Christians
they sort of say, oh, well,
1359
01:18:12,453 --> 01:18:15,054
there isn't a problem really
because, you know, we have
1360
01:18:15,089 --> 01:18:17,123
accommodated Galileo, we've
accommodated Darwin.
1361
01:18:17,157 --> 01:18:19,092
Why can't we accommodate E.T.?
1362
01:18:19,126 --> 01:18:22,762
Well, I think there
is a big difference.
1363
01:18:22,796 --> 01:18:27,967
I think science and religion have
more in common than perhaps the
1364
01:18:28,001 --> 01:18:31,771
popular perception suggests.
1365
01:18:31,772 --> 01:18:37,477
The one hand, we have science,
which deals with reason and fact.
1366
01:18:37,511 --> 01:18:42,248
On the other hand, we have
religion, which deals with faith.
1367
01:18:42,282 --> 01:18:46,419
Science is an evolving
proposition, and what we know
1368
01:18:46,453 --> 01:18:50,656
today will almost certainly
be reformed and maybe even
1369
01:18:50,691 --> 01:18:54,160
replaced at some point in the future.
1370
01:18:54,194 --> 01:18:57,964
So, to think that science
somehow provides the truth in
1371
01:18:57,998 --> 01:19:01,934
contrast to religion,
I think is a mistake.
1372
01:19:01,969 --> 01:19:04,770
While scientists and
religious leaders may still
1373
01:19:04,838 --> 01:19:08,674
ponder the notion of aliens
visiting Earth, ancient
1374
01:19:08,709 --> 01:19:12,879
astronaut theorists claim that
the evidence exists in plain
1375
01:19:12,913 --> 01:19:15,781
sight around the world.
1376
01:19:15,849 --> 01:19:19,018
But if this theory was
accepted, would we have to
1377
01:19:19,052 --> 01:19:23,422
change our beliefs about our
knowledge, our history and the
1378
01:19:23,490 --> 01:19:27,960
very beginnings of human civilization?
1379
01:19:34,808 --> 01:19:40,946
For thousands of years, humans have
recorded events that seem to suggest
1380
01:19:40,981 --> 01:19:46,752
other-worldly beings came down
from the skies to visit Earth.
1381
01:19:46,786 --> 01:19:51,123
These ancient visitations
represent the foundations of
1382
01:19:51,224 --> 01:19:54,960
those who believe Earth was
visited in the past by advanced
1383
01:19:55,028 --> 01:19:57,396
beings from other planets.
1384
01:19:57,464 --> 01:20:01,200
These sightings are also said
to explain many mysteries
1385
01:20:01,234 --> 01:20:04,303
surrounding our past.
1386
01:20:04,404 --> 01:20:07,039
The most important was religion.
1387
01:20:07,073 --> 01:20:09,408
The Gods have descended
to our ancestors' time.
1388
01:20:09,476 --> 01:20:10,943
Now it enters into the holy books.
1389
01:20:10,977 --> 01:20:13,379
Into mythology.
1390
01:20:13,380 --> 01:20:17,316
Now, later, people try, the
reason the people try to
1391
01:20:17,384 --> 01:20:20,653
understand this, they
make out religions of it.
1392
01:20:20,754 --> 01:20:24,757
But the core is, extraterrestrials
have come here.
1393
01:20:24,858 --> 01:20:27,593
That was the beginning of
all the big religions.
1394
01:20:27,661 --> 01:20:35,467
There are two main components why we
are who we are today as a species.
1395
01:20:35,468 --> 01:20:43,642
One, someone tampered with our
genetic make up and two, technology.
1396
01:20:43,677 --> 01:20:48,314
Because all of a sudden, we
were doing and building things
1397
01:20:48,348 --> 01:20:53,652
that we would still have
difficulties recreating today.
1398
01:20:55,989 --> 01:21:00,359
And the ancient texts are
very clear that many of our
1399
01:21:00,393 --> 01:21:06,832
achievements in the past happened
due to a direct intervention of
1400
01:21:06,866 --> 01:21:12,304
extraterrestrials that
arrived from the skies.
1401
01:21:12,339 --> 01:21:17,910
Ancient astronaut theorists also cite
as evidence the amazing similarities
1402
01:21:17,944 --> 01:21:21,914
between isolated cultures
all over the planet.
1403
01:21:21,948 --> 01:21:25,851
Why did different civilizations
build immense megalithic
1404
01:21:25,885 --> 01:21:29,755
structures to honor
other-worldly beings?
1405
01:21:29,823 --> 01:21:37,997
Why do so many ancient texts seem
to reference men flying in the sky?
1406
01:21:38,031 --> 01:21:41,734
And why do the ancient
Egyptians, Hopi Indians and
1407
01:21:41,835 --> 01:21:46,305
the Dogon tribe of North Africa
all believe their ancestors
1408
01:21:46,373 --> 01:21:50,442
came from what we know as
the constellation Sirius?
1409
01:21:50,477 --> 01:21:52,745
TSOUKALOS If the
extraterrestrials wanted to
1410
01:21:52,846 --> 01:21:57,716
leave behind a message of where
they came from, then it would
1411
01:21:57,751 --> 01:22:03,722
serve them very well to build
those structures with a
1412
01:22:03,757 --> 01:22:08,727
reference to their location of origin.
1413
01:22:08,762 --> 01:22:12,197
So, if we have connections to
the Sirius star system, well,
1414
01:22:12,232 --> 01:22:16,935
it would lend us to believe
that here we have a reference
1415
01:22:16,970 --> 01:22:19,738
of where they might come from.
1416
01:22:22,575 --> 01:22:29,014
The question of extraterrestrial life
is as old as civilization itself.
1417
01:22:29,082 --> 01:22:33,385
Ancient astronaut theorists, as
well as many noted scientists,
1418
01:22:33,420 --> 01:22:37,022
point to the immense size of
the universe and concede that
1419
01:22:37,090 --> 01:22:43,295
other beings must exist
somewhere else besides Earth.
1420
01:22:43,329 --> 01:22:49,468
But the question remains: Did
aliens visit us in the past?
1421
01:22:49,502 --> 01:22:53,572
And is it happening again?
1422
01:22:53,573 --> 01:22:56,809
The way we look at
history is very fragile.
1423
01:22:56,910 --> 01:22:59,745
Any discovery, which is made
somewhere, can change the way
1424
01:22:59,813 --> 01:23:02,247
we look upon history.
1425
01:23:02,248 --> 01:23:06,819
I think if we were to identify
that an alien presence has been
1426
01:23:06,853 --> 01:23:12,191
here on Earth in the past, I think there
are two very important questions.
1427
01:23:12,258 --> 01:23:15,928
Did E.T. just come by and
visit, and then disappear?
1428
01:23:15,962 --> 01:23:20,799
Or did E.T. come, stay and
contribute to civilization?
1429
01:23:20,834 --> 01:23:24,603
I think the second one is far
more important, because it
1430
01:23:24,637 --> 01:23:26,171
shows us far more.
1431
01:23:26,206 --> 01:23:29,908
It actually rewrites mankind's
identity rather than just
1432
01:23:29,976 --> 01:23:33,078
whether or not, you know, some
extraterrestrial being came
1433
01:23:33,113 --> 01:23:37,983
here on a holiday and then left without
really leaving something behind.
1434
01:23:38,017 --> 01:23:44,990
In all of the ancient texts, there
is one thing that is very clear, and
1435
01:23:45,058 --> 01:23:49,828
that is that these gods
one day will return.
1436
01:23:53,199 --> 01:23:58,170
But short of an alien spacecraft landing
on the White House lawn, ancient
1437
01:23:58,238 --> 01:24:03,575
astronaut theorists know there
will always be skeptics.
1438
01:24:03,576 --> 01:24:06,645
People are always looking for an
ultimate proof of the existence of
1439
01:24:06,679 --> 01:24:09,882
extraterrestrial intelligent beings.
1440
01:24:09,916 --> 01:24:14,987
But I think a more useful and
honest question is: how much
1441
01:24:15,021 --> 01:24:19,825
and what kind of evidence would
be enough for you to believe
1442
01:24:19,893 --> 01:24:21,827
that they are out there?
1443
01:24:21,895 --> 01:24:24,163
That they have been visiting us?
1444
01:24:24,230 --> 01:24:28,333
I believe through the experiences
that shamans have been documenting
1445
01:24:28,401 --> 01:24:31,904
and reporting for tens of
thousands of years, that we are
1446
01:24:31,971 --> 01:24:38,110
in contact with enentities and
beings that are not of this Earth.
1447
01:24:38,178 --> 01:24:40,179
But precisely what those
entities and beings are,
1448
01:24:40,213 --> 01:24:42,815
remains to be established.
1449
01:24:42,849 --> 01:24:47,820
There is evidence that indicates
that it's possible that humans were
1450
01:24:47,854 --> 01:24:51,290
visited by extraterrestrials
in the distant past.
1451
01:24:51,357 --> 01:24:55,828
And if we are too quick to
discard that possibility, then
1452
01:24:55,862 --> 01:24:58,163
we might be shutting ourselves
out from something that might
1453
01:24:58,198 --> 01:25:01,366
be really fascinating and might
take us to a next level that we
1454
01:25:01,401 --> 01:25:03,836
can't even imagine.
1455
01:25:05,104 --> 01:25:09,374
It's very possible that those
extraterrestrials who've
1456
01:25:09,475 --> 01:25:14,279
allegedly been coming here for thousands
of years, I mean, they are us.
1457
01:25:14,347 --> 01:25:16,081
They look like us.
1458
01:25:16,115 --> 01:25:22,187
And, in fact, that's part again
of the Bible in that the God,
1459
01:25:22,222 --> 01:25:26,892
or the Gods created us in their image.
1460
01:25:26,926 --> 01:25:30,462
I mean, we are to be like them.
1461
01:25:30,496 --> 01:25:32,531
We are to look like them.
1462
01:25:32,565 --> 01:25:36,535
We are to have the
technology they have.
1463
01:25:36,569 --> 01:25:40,005
We're to go into space
just like they did.
1464
01:25:40,073 --> 01:25:43,175
I think there is life,
simple life, bacterial
1465
01:25:43,209 --> 01:25:45,544
life, microbial life on other planets.
1466
01:25:45,612 --> 01:25:49,214
I think we're going to find that.
1467
01:25:49,215 --> 01:25:50,182
And who knows?
1468
01:25:50,216 --> 01:25:54,186
Maybe one day we'll find some
other planet that's capable of
1469
01:25:54,220 --> 01:25:57,890
sustaining life that has
evolved people over a long
1470
01:25:57,924 --> 01:26:00,926
period of time that are also
looking up at the stars,
1471
01:26:00,994 --> 01:26:04,897
wondering: Is there anybody else out there?
Are we the only ones?
1472
01:26:04,931 --> 01:26:08,066
We are a species of explorers.
1473
01:26:08,101 --> 01:26:10,435
So, ultimately, we will come
1474
01:26:10,470 --> 01:26:15,540
across some other
type of intelligence.
1475
01:26:15,575 --> 01:26:21,914
And when that happens, if that society,
technologically speaking, is
1476
01:26:21,981 --> 01:26:29,721
primitive, we'll become ancient
astronauts with that culture.
1477
01:26:29,789 --> 01:26:32,624
Human history has become
too much a matter of
1478
01:26:32,725 --> 01:26:40,532
dogma taught by professionals in ivory
towers as though it's all fact.
1479
01:26:40,600 --> 01:26:43,735
Actually, much of human
history is up for grabs.
1480
01:26:43,803 --> 01:26:46,905
The further back you go, the
more that the history that's
1481
01:26:46,973 --> 01:26:49,241
taught in the schools and
universities begins to look
1482
01:26:49,275 --> 01:26:52,010
like some kind of fairy story.
1483
01:26:52,078 --> 01:26:56,415
We have logic, we have
intuition, we have our senses.
1484
01:26:56,449 --> 01:27:00,519
And to limit ourselves to the
scientific route is a mistake.
1485
01:27:00,520 --> 01:27:05,524
We can send people on the moon,
we can plan journeys to Mars,
1486
01:27:05,558 --> 01:27:09,094
we can make cell phones, but
we haven't explained the
1487
01:27:09,162 --> 01:27:13,732
fundamental questions that
we should be dealing with.
1488
01:27:13,733 --> 01:27:15,167
Where do we come from?
1489
01:27:15,268 --> 01:27:17,970
What are we supposed to do here?
1490
01:27:18,004 --> 01:27:19,972
And where are we going?
1491
01:27:20,006 --> 01:27:22,808
We really have not come with
the answers, and we know no
1492
01:27:22,842 --> 01:27:27,145
better than the ancients that
we're trying to explain.
1493
01:27:27,180 --> 01:27:33,719
Exploring the ancient astronaut theory
is the ultimate quest to find out
1494
01:27:33,786 --> 01:27:35,354
where did we come from?
1495
01:27:35,388 --> 01:27:37,990
How did it all begin?
1496
01:27:38,057 --> 01:27:41,626
And most importantly, who are we?
1497
01:27:41,661 --> 01:27:46,264
And the ancient astronaut
theory has the capability of
1498
01:27:46,332 --> 01:27:49,501
answering all those questions.
128994
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