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Adolf Hitler...
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He is the architect of one of
the greatest disasters
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the world has ever seen.
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...the most photographed leader
of the early 20th century.
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He spent hours in front of a mirror
practising different poses.
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Every photo is a performance.
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Hitler was photographed
from boyhood to the Blitzkrieg...
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He wants to be at the front.
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He wants to share the excitement.
He wants to smell the cordite.
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...to the bunker.
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These images reveal the secrets
of Hitler's inner life...
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...and the people he led.
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Hitler comes in, he tells you,
"You are important."
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He tells you he has a plan
and he tells you
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he knows what's gone wrong
and he can fix it.
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Featuring rarely seen
and newly digitised images,
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this is the story of the rise
and fall of Adolf Hitler,
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picture by picture, frame by frame.
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I think Hitler created
an image of political celebrity
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that never existed before.
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The manipulation of media,
the presentation of himself,
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you can draw a line from that
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to what film and rock stars
are doing today.
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Throughout his political career,
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Adolf Hitler presented himself as
"a good German".
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He claimed that unlike two-faced
establishment politicians,
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what you saw was what you got.
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That was far from the truth.
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It's very fashionable
for politicians today
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to somehow use parts of their
private life and their personality
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to sort of sell themselves
on the public/ political stage.
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{\an8}For Hitler, of course,
this is a problematic card to play
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{\an8}because his private life
is anything but normal.
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That private life revolved around
two great secret loves,
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two young women, whose lives
would end in tragedy.
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{\an8}In Munich, in the late 1920s,
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{\an8}Adolf Hitler's official
photographer, Heinrich Hoffmann,
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{\an8}took a series of pictures
of a teenager named Geli Raubal.
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She was very outgoing, talkative.
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She loved her life.
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She wanted to be a musician,
a singer.
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Geli was Adolf Hitler's niece,
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the daughter of his half-sister,
Angela.
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Geli's father had died
when she was young,
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so Hitler was made
her legal guardian.
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In 1927, he suggested Geli
move out of her mother's house
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and come to Munich to study.
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Two years later, Geli moved into
his large apartment
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on Prinzregentenplatz,
in the city centre.
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She called him Uncle Alf.
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She was only 19 years old,
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and he was already 38,
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an old bachelor.
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He took her everywhere -
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to party meetings,
to the restaurant, to the opera.
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Hoffman observes that,
under Geli's influence,
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Hitler's social life
becomes much more active.
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You know,
they're like a normal couple.
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And Hoffman also notes that,
actually, Hitler delighted
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in taking her for a drive,
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going for picnics
in beauty spots in the woods.
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So, what you've got here is,
on one level,
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what seems like a perfectly
sweet relationship.
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By 1929, the year
Geli moved into his apartment,
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Hitler had been leader of
the Nazi Party for eight years.
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He kept his private life
strictly private.
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The outside world
knew very little of Geli.
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They lived intimately
in his apartment.
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For a long time,
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I thought that they had
no sexual relationship at all,
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that this must have been a myth,
a legend.
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But then I came across
a letter by Ilse Hess,
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a very close confidante of Hitler.
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And she stated, in the 1960s,
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that she "experienced it all,"
she said,
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and that obviously Hitler
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had a sexual relationship
with Geli Raubal.
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{\an8}She also appears to have had
an affair with Hitler's chauffeur,
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{\an8}Emil Maurice, which, presumably,
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{\an8}would've put Hitler's nose
out of joint on numerous levels.
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But there's certainly conflict
between the two.
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She was, for him personally,
a weakest link, I would say,
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because he couldn't control her.
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He couldn't control
what she would say to others,
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he couldn't control this niece.
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And there was a constant conflict.
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They were fighting a lot,
and she felt imprisoned with him.
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On the 18th September 1931,
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Geli shot herself
in her room at Prinzregentenplatz.
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She bled to death.
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For Hitler, by now the leader
of the second largest party
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in the German parliament,
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Geli's suicide had the potential
to wreck his career.
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The left wing press,
particularly, comes out
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with all sorts of scurrilous rumours
that they're having an affair,
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that she was pregnant
with his child,
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which is unsubstantiated,
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but it doesn't stop them
from running with the story.
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So, this is a profound political
embarrassment for Hitler,
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and it's in 1931,
which is a time when he is really
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the coming man of German politics,
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so this is a profoundly
dangerous moment for Hitler.
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The Nazi Party
claimed Geli's death was an accident
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whilst playing
with her uncle's revolver.
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The police launched
an investigation.
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Hitler was in Nuremburg
at the time Geli died.
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The police ruled out foul play,
so the scandal passed.
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Hitler turned Geli's room in Munich
into a shrine.
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On the anniversary of her death,
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he would place flowers in front of
a bust he'd commissioned.
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Heinrich Hoffmann said later
that had Hitler married Geli,
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it would have changed
the course of history.
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Hoffman was very suspicious
that had Hitler entered into
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a kind of arena of domestic bliss,
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he might have been restrained
by Geli,
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and actually had he been
restrained by, you know,
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a wife and children and all the
kind of normal family things,
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that, actually, Hitler would've been
far less adventurous
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as a political figure. He wouldn't
have basically gone to war so much.
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And as Hoffman actually observes,
you know, it was these international
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adventures, as he calls them,
that brought him to his ruin.
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With Geli's death, Hitler and his
image-makers had learned a lesson.
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{\an8}There has to be a cuddly Hitler,
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{\an8}a soft Hitler, because of the
questions that have been asked
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{\an8}around the death of this young girl.
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A safe, trustworthy
potential leader.
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A version of the informal,
private Hitler
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was deliberately constructed
in photo books,
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with such titles as
Youth Around Hitler
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and The Hitler Nobody Knows.
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The vast majority of the photographs
were taken by Heinrich Hoffmann.
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Empty albums could be bought
for one Reichsmark.
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They were then filled with
photographs that came free
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with cigarette packets,
or bought at corner stores.
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So, this is a publication from 1935.
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{\an8}A cigarette cards album
entitled Adolf Hitler.
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The images in here -
most of them photographs -
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were selected by Heinrich Hoffman.
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This particular album
belonged to my father,
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Karl-Heinz Ruehl,
who was born in 1927,
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who put it together
as a Hitler Youth in 1935.
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And you can see just how carefully
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my father then collected
and glued in these pictures.
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For something geared primarily
towards children and youths,
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the images are very powerful.
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They were traded in schools, much
like football cards would be today.
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In the 1930s, about a billion
of such cards
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would have been in circulation
in Germany,
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and about a million of these albums.
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This was clearly a way in which
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the Nazis were trying to spread,
to disseminate
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a particular image of Hitler.
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It's fair to say that my father, who
came from a petit bourgeois family,
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like most of his generation,
he fell for the Nazis.
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Thankfully, after '45, realised that
he had put his faith in a seducer,
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in a destroyer,
in a racist dictator.
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The Fuhrer was depicted
as a single man...
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...alone, dedicated only
to his people.
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I think Hitler found it very
important to be publicly perceived
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as a single man
because that gave him
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a tremendous sense of attraction
for German women.
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And that's documentarily proved.
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There are so many love letters
from ordinary German women
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to Hitler through this period.
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This is almost certainly
a result, in part,
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of the way he had been staged,
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the image of this bachelor
who was all-powerful.
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It made him kind of the most desired
bachelor of Germany, if you will.
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Face-to-face encounters with Hitler
often had a powerful effect.
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One of the key components
of Hitler's physical make-up
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and his image were his eyes.
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People would often
refer to his eyes.
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And I think that, you know,
on a black and white picture,
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you don't see them, but on a colour
picture you do see them,
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and people who met Hitler were,
instantly, you know, kind of
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entranced or hypnotised by his gaze,
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and his gaze had a lot to do with
the colour of his eyes.
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One of the few colour portraits
of Hitler was taken by
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a photographer named Walter Frentz.
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He worked with director
Leni Riefenstahl
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on Nazi propaganda films such as
Triumph Of The Will.
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For his studio work,
Frentz sometimes used
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a camera loved by
the advertising industry.
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{\an8}This is taken with a very,
very interesting camera,
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a Bermpohl camera,
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which, basically, is
a big wooden camera on a stand.
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And it has three colour plates
within the mahogany camera -
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red, blue, and green.
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{\an8}Very complicated. Someone like me,
who's not a great technician,
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{\an8}it would've frightened the life
out of me to use this camera.
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But here you've got
three different entries of light
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onto three different plates,
for want of a better word,
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red, blue, and green,
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and then go off to a lab
to be put back together again.
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At the time, it was experimental.
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It's how they thought
colour would be.
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What happens now within film,
say Kodachrome,
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which we've all grown up with,
in cameras, it's all in the film,
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but these guys had to put it
together in the camera
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and then reconstruct it.
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Most portraits I've seen,
head on, he's in control.
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This one, a little bit more intimate,
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because he's not looking
at the camera,
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but it's more the quality
of the colour.
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One of the really good quality
colour pictures of him.
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This now looks like
a contemporary portrait.
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I'd have been pleased
with this of somebody last week.
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{\an8}Women were drawn to Hitler.
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{\an8}And despite the trauma of
the death of his niece Geli,
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{\an8}Hitler still wanted female company.
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But any relationship
would have to be a secret one.
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In a way, what we're seeing here
is something that runs through
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Hitler's entire life,
which is the kind of,
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I think, need for him
for female companionship.
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Maybe not for sexual relationship,
or not necessarily even
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a romantic one,
but for female companionship.
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About six months after Geli's death,
Hitler turned to a young
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lab assistant who worked at Heinrich
Hoffmann's studio in Munich,
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who he'd first met
in October 1929.
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20-year-old Eva Braun.
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Hitler and Eva Braun's relationship
began in 1932.
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Only a few of his inner circle
knew their secret.
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Eva's official position was
private secretary.
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The couple was only ever
publicly pictured together once -
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a photograph Hoffmann took
at the 1936 Winter Olympics.
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00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:03,680
Eva was in the row
behind the Fuhrer.
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00:14:03,680 --> 00:14:05,720
She's not the First Lady
of Germany at all,
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so she's kept very much
in the background.
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So he made political capital out of
presenting himself as a single man,
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but at the same time,
in his private life,
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he had Eva Braun at his right arm.
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And he wanted that sort of
element of domesticity,
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to some extent, that she provided.
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Hitler's choice of Eva
exposed the hypocrisy
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at the heart of the Nazi leadership.
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The image of the ideal
Nazi woman was
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no alcohol, no cigarettes,
no make-up, no French perfume.
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And Eva Braun did all this.
She didn't smoke,
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but she loved make-up.
She had expensive clothes,
240
00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:58,560
she had parties,
so she lived a privileged life,
241
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:01,240
spoiled by Hitler.
242
00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:03,840
She got everything she wanted.
243
00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,160
Eva was a passionate photographer.
244
00:15:08,160 --> 00:15:13,960
She took hundreds of pictures of
friends, family, and her boyfriend.
245
00:15:15,640 --> 00:15:18,560
{\an8}Some even showed
the Fuhrer wearing glasses,
246
00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:20,520
{\an8}which the German people never saw.
247
00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:25,240
Hitler doesn't want any idea
of weakness
248
00:15:25,240 --> 00:15:28,720
to leak into his corporal image.
249
00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:32,200
And so Hitler
curates his photographs
250
00:15:32,200 --> 00:15:35,440
and he chooses them.
And he's absolutely ruthless
251
00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:38,000
about what he won't allow
in the public domain.
252
00:15:39,960 --> 00:15:43,120
No sign of weakness allowed.
253
00:15:45,840 --> 00:15:49,560
Some of Eva's less private
photographs were bought by her boss,
254
00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:52,520
Heinrich Hoffmann,
to be used by newspapers.
255
00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:57,200
Hitler made sure Eva was given
the latest cameras.
256
00:15:57,200 --> 00:16:01,720
{\an8}She's using the best technology
of the time
257
00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:06,440
{\an8}because she's kind of got access
to the best technology
258
00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:08,720
{\an8}cos her boyfriend is running
the country
259
00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:11,640
{\an8}and her boss is his photographer.
260
00:16:11,640 --> 00:16:15,600
So, the technology that she uses
is absolutely at the forefront
261
00:16:15,600 --> 00:16:18,040
of the technological developments.
262
00:16:19,440 --> 00:16:25,560
Photographs showing Eva Braun using
a 16mm cine camera survived the war.
263
00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:30,720
But, at that time, there was no
trace of her finished home movies.
264
00:16:30,720 --> 00:16:34,040
There could be a treasure trove
of images of Hitler.
265
00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:40,040
In 1972, a film-maker named
Lutz Becker
266
00:16:40,040 --> 00:16:43,960
discovered that the films had been
found in the last months of the war
267
00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:49,640
by American troops, and handed over
to the US National Archives.
268
00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:54,120
The trail led him to a vault
of uncatalogued 16mm film
269
00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:57,240
in a hanger outside Washington, DC.
270
00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:02,080
He starts searching through it and
it's like something out of a movie,
271
00:17:02,080 --> 00:17:05,760
{\an8}he finds this kind of heap
of rusting, discarded,
272
00:17:05,760 --> 00:17:07,440
{\an8}old film canisters.
273
00:17:07,440 --> 00:17:11,440
Some of these canisters have got
German labels on them.
274
00:17:11,440 --> 00:17:13,360
He opens up the first can,
275
00:17:13,360 --> 00:17:17,520
takes out a few frames
and he holds them up to the light.
276
00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:21,120
And who does he see?
None other than Hitler.
277
00:17:21,120 --> 00:17:25,600
These are Eva Braun's home movies,
and Becker has found them
278
00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:27,840
and he's rescued them from obscurity
279
00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:30,520
after decades
sitting in this hanger.
280
00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:35,440
The films revealed Hitler's private
world for the first time.
281
00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:43,280
Lutz Becker was part of a team
making a documentary
282
00:17:43,280 --> 00:17:47,960
called Swastika,
explaining Hitler's rise to power.
283
00:17:47,960 --> 00:17:51,960
Eva Braun's home movies
were included in the finished film,
284
00:17:51,960 --> 00:17:55,480
together with rare
Nazi propaganda footage.
285
00:17:55,480 --> 00:18:00,160
The documentary premiered
at the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.
286
00:18:00,160 --> 00:18:02,560
One member of the film's team
287
00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:06,440
was future Oscar-winning producer
David Puttnam.
288
00:18:06,440 --> 00:18:09,000
I thought we were going to have
a press conference after this,
289
00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:11,400
and there's going to be people
who are going to be offended,
290
00:18:11,400 --> 00:18:13,080
or people will say,
"Why did you do that?"
291
00:18:13,080 --> 00:18:14,680
And we basically
had our explanation.
292
00:18:14,680 --> 00:18:18,840
What we're trying to suggest
is that societies can be
293
00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:22,720
wildly misled if you put your faith
and your trust in the wrong people.
294
00:18:24,480 --> 00:18:27,440
Some of the audience
at the screening hated seeing
295
00:18:27,440 --> 00:18:30,680
a side of Adolf Hitler
they'd never seen before.
296
00:18:32,280 --> 00:18:34,240
The reaction occurred at a moment,
297
00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:37,120
I think this is very,
very, very significant.
298
00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:40,720
It occurred at the moment
when Hitler is shaking hands
299
00:18:40,720 --> 00:18:42,160
with a group of women.
300
00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:45,520
And one little girl starts crying,
and Hitler pats her cheek
301
00:18:45,520 --> 00:18:47,920
and then holds her head.
And at that moment,
302
00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:50,040
someone in the audience screamed...
303
00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:57,080
Who knows? It could have been
someone whose life had been wrecked,
304
00:18:57,080 --> 00:18:59,520
maybe had been a member of the
Resistance. So, who knows?
305
00:18:59,520 --> 00:19:02,040
Something snapped and, weirdly,
306
00:19:02,040 --> 00:19:04,840
the purpose of the film
was to try to say,
307
00:19:04,840 --> 00:19:07,720
"Do you realise that Hitler
sold himself as
308
00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:10,880
"an empathetic, sympathetic,
you know, good guy?"
309
00:19:10,880 --> 00:19:15,000
You've just fallen absolutely
straight in into it, in that
310
00:19:15,000 --> 00:19:18,400
you've missed the point.
The point is that that audience,
311
00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:21,800
or for that moment in Germany,
watching that moment,
312
00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:23,720
were absolutely taken in.
313
00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:27,960
To me, to this day, it's an amazing
irony that instead of leaning
314
00:19:27,960 --> 00:19:33,200
forward and saying, "How clever,"
people actually couldn't bear it.
315
00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:38,760
Now, by this time, cushions
have been slung at the screen.
316
00:19:38,760 --> 00:19:41,400
I should think two thirds
of the audience walked out.
317
00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:46,000
The response was a total
misunderstanding of what we were
318
00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:48,880
trying to achieve, cos God knows,
if you look at the rest of the film,
319
00:19:48,880 --> 00:19:52,600
you can't, at the end of the film,
think, "Oh, Hitler was a good thing
for Germany.
320
00:19:52,600 --> 00:19:55,480
"That was a...
that was a great idea." I mean,
321
00:19:55,480 --> 00:19:58,120
at the end of the film, you're
looking at a nation destroyed,
322
00:19:58,120 --> 00:20:03,160
absolutely destroyed, but they
couldn't wait to get to that point.
323
00:20:04,600 --> 00:20:08,920
Future screenings of
the documentary became impossible.
324
00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:17,360
Our distributors pulled out.
That's what happened.
325
00:20:17,360 --> 00:20:20,480
We suddenly had a film
that no-one wanted to distribute,
326
00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:22,640
they didn't want riots
in their cinemas.
327
00:20:24,040 --> 00:20:27,520
And then in France, you had this
anti-fascist group actually stealing
328
00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:31,040
a print of the film
and they kind of unwound the reels
329
00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:35,160
and they wrapped them round this
monument to the victims of Nazism.
330
00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:38,720
On another occasion, a bomb
was actually found in a cinema
331
00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:41,040
where Swastika
was going to be shown,
332
00:20:41,040 --> 00:20:44,160
but it failed to go off.
So it attracted, let's say,
333
00:20:44,160 --> 00:20:45,920
a lot of negative attention.
334
00:20:47,600 --> 00:20:51,960
Eva Braun's home movies shocked
audiences in the 1970s
335
00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:55,640
because they showed Hitler
displaying affection.
336
00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:59,520
They also revealed he had
a close inner circle of friends.
337
00:21:01,600 --> 00:21:04,360
The area around Hitler
was full of people,
338
00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:09,920
full of friends,
men and women who really liked him,
339
00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:15,440
who were convinced of his ideas,
who supported him,
340
00:21:15,440 --> 00:21:19,840
who accompanied him.
But the notion that this man
341
00:21:19,840 --> 00:21:25,800
was a loner was very attractive
to the German people after 1945.
342
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:29,040
With this kind of demonising Hitler,
343
00:21:29,040 --> 00:21:35,240
they could easily distance
themselves from Hitler,
344
00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:41,640
from the Nazi state and the crimes
that were committed by the Nazis.
345
00:21:43,120 --> 00:21:49,440
These home movies challenge our very
idea of who the Fuhrer really was.
346
00:21:49,440 --> 00:21:55,000
You have to view Hitler
as an insecure climber,
347
00:21:55,000 --> 00:21:59,920
as an insecure person
who needed others.
348
00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:06,040
He needed a circle of people
who confirmed his actions,
349
00:22:06,040 --> 00:22:11,800
who confirmed him as a leader.
This was very important for Hitler.
350
00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:16,040
The role of the Fuhrer
was just a role.
351
00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:22,280
There is a huge difference between
the Fuhrer on the stage
352
00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:25,080
and the person Hitler, in private.
353
00:22:29,320 --> 00:22:31,400
Eva Braun's silent home movies
354
00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:35,120
were shot mostly
in the mid-1930s at the Berghof,
355
00:22:35,120 --> 00:22:40,640
Hitler's mountain retreat at the
Obersalzberg in the Bavarian Alps.
356
00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:42,800
He originally bought it
with royalties
357
00:22:42,800 --> 00:22:46,200
from his sales of Mein Kampf
in the late 1920s.
358
00:22:46,200 --> 00:22:50,480
It was initially very small, it was
one of numerous Alpine residences
359
00:22:50,480 --> 00:22:54,040
up there on the Obersalzberg. And
then it was subsequently enlarged,
360
00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:58,320
to the extent that by the late
1930s, it's a huge complex.
361
00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:02,600
It has its own sort of
military installation behind it.
362
00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:06,040
It became very much a sort of
a second power base, really,
363
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:09,960
after Berlin from the mid-1930s
onwards.
364
00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:12,800
Hitler preferred to govern
from the Berghof
365
00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:14,880
and meet foreign dignitaries there,
366
00:23:14,880 --> 00:23:17,840
such as British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
367
00:23:17,840 --> 00:23:19,720
and the Duke of Windsor,
368
00:23:19,720 --> 00:23:23,720
before his abdication,
King Edward VIII.
369
00:23:23,720 --> 00:23:26,920
The Duchess said later, she couldn't
take her eyes off Hitler
370
00:23:26,920 --> 00:23:29,880
and admired his "great inner force".
371
00:23:31,600 --> 00:23:34,960
Important foreign guests
never met Eva Braun.
372
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:37,720
She wasn't included
in official photographs.
373
00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:42,960
But behind the scenes, she was
a key figure in Hitler's household.
374
00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:44,840
She was the princess there.
375
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:51,360
She decided who got an invitation
to private dinners.
376
00:23:51,360 --> 00:23:54,080
They had to tolerate her
377
00:23:54,080 --> 00:23:58,880
because no-one could dare
to challenge her position.
378
00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:03,160
She became more and more important
with the years,
379
00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:08,920
she was kind of the centre of this
inner circle at the Obersalzberg.
380
00:24:16,520 --> 00:24:21,440
Life for Hitler and his entourage
at the Berghof in the late 1930s
381
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:22,960
had a regular schedule.
382
00:24:22,960 --> 00:24:27,240
It was dictated
by the Fuhrer's daily routine.
383
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:30,920
{\an8}Hitler led always
a Bohemian lifestyle.
384
00:24:30,920 --> 00:24:33,160
{\an8}He was not punctual.
385
00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:38,920
So, he was not a constant
hard worker in an office.
386
00:24:38,920 --> 00:24:44,240
Hitler slept late, sometimes
not getting up until noon.
387
00:24:44,240 --> 00:24:47,160
{\an8}This meant that any guests
who were there weren't allowed
388
00:24:47,160 --> 00:24:48,840
{\an8}to have baths in the morning,
389
00:24:48,840 --> 00:24:52,000
{\an8}should the water in the pipes
disturb him.
390
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:56,600
He took a breakfast of two cups
of warm milk, ten biscuits
391
00:24:56,600 --> 00:25:01,080
and half a bar of chocolate, before
going into his first meetings
392
00:25:01,080 --> 00:25:05,040
in the Great Hall with his advisers
and with his collaborators.
393
00:25:07,160 --> 00:25:08,600
Photographer Walter Frentz
394
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,960
took many pictures of Hitler
during the Second World War...
395
00:25:14,000 --> 00:25:16,800
...including at the Berghof.
396
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:25,560
{\an8}Here, we can see a sense of the
scale of the size of the room.
397
00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:28,400
Also, the size of those
big picture windows
398
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:33,960
that gave a very scenic view
of the Bavarian Alps outside.
399
00:25:33,960 --> 00:25:37,440
Actually, in the summer of 1940,
at quite a high point,
400
00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:41,120
not only in his domestic policy,
but also his foreign policy.
401
00:25:41,120 --> 00:25:43,360
So, he's actually looking
quite relaxed,
402
00:25:43,360 --> 00:25:46,800
addressing four of his inner circle,
403
00:25:46,800 --> 00:25:50,760
who are standing looking attentively
at what he's telling them.
404
00:25:57,200 --> 00:26:01,040
Many of Hitler's guests
disliked his late routine.
405
00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:04,480
It was a lot of waiting there
and talking,
406
00:26:04,480 --> 00:26:07,640
at the Obersalzberg.
And you see this
407
00:26:07,640 --> 00:26:10,880
on Eva Braun's pictures,
408
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:16,200
the circle sitting there
and talking to each other.
409
00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:20,400
Lunch would be quite a simple meal,
410
00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:22,960
particularly because Hitler was
a vegetarian himself,
411
00:26:22,960 --> 00:26:25,640
so he often just had
a plate of vegetables.
412
00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:28,960
And he took the opportunity
to talk about
413
00:26:28,960 --> 00:26:33,280
the benefits of a vegetarian diet
to those around him.
414
00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:37,960
After lunch,
Hitler would go for a walk.
415
00:26:37,960 --> 00:26:40,320
In the early years at the Berghof,
416
00:26:40,320 --> 00:26:43,960
{\an8}he would greet the crowds
who flocked to the Obersalzberg,
417
00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:46,920
{\an8}encouraged by the cult
of the Fuhrer.
418
00:26:46,920 --> 00:26:50,760
{\an8}Almost in an act of pilgrimage, they
would line up outside the fences
419
00:26:50,760 --> 00:26:52,840
{\an8}at the edge of
the Obersalzberg estate
420
00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,560
and hope that Hitler would come down
to sort of greet them
421
00:26:55,560 --> 00:26:58,200
and say a few words
and pat their children and so on.
422
00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:05,760
In the evening, Hitler and his inner
circle watched German films
423
00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:09,800
and films from abroad,
many unreleased.
424
00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:13,280
Hitler loved cartoons
and Hollywood adventure films.
425
00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:15,200
He'd make running comments,
426
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:18,480
sometimes walking out
if he didn't like the story.
427
00:27:20,160 --> 00:27:23,360
Hitler had his own suite of rooms
at the Berghof.
428
00:27:23,360 --> 00:27:26,640
Eva Braun had exclusive access.
429
00:27:26,640 --> 00:27:29,320
What was special
with Eva Braun's room
430
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:34,240
on the Obersalzberg
was the connecting door
431
00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:39,560
to Hitler's rooms, so they could
see each other secretly.
432
00:27:41,200 --> 00:27:45,680
There is no proof of what kind of
relationship they really had,
433
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:49,200
if this really was
a sexual relationship,
434
00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:53,480
because their relationship
was, I would say, hidden,
435
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:56,880
and they could do
whatever they wanted
436
00:27:56,880 --> 00:28:00,200
secretly on the Obersalzberg.
437
00:28:00,200 --> 00:28:02,520
Hitler's sexuality is another part
438
00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:05,800
of Hitler's private world that
that has long been discussed
439
00:28:05,800 --> 00:28:09,000
and fought over by historians,
and indeed even psychoanalysts.
440
00:28:10,560 --> 00:28:14,960
I think that he certainly had
problems forming relationships.
441
00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:21,120
And I think it's likely to say he
had problems with sexual intimacy.
442
00:28:21,120 --> 00:28:25,920
In 2010, an old medical report
from the 1920s surfaced
443
00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:29,160
that offered a vital clue
to Hitler's sex life.
444
00:28:30,880 --> 00:28:34,400
After being found guilty of treason
following an attempted coup
445
00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:38,880
known as the Beer Hall Putsch,
in Munich in 1923,
446
00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,440
Hitler was examined by a doctor
at Landsberg Prison.
447
00:28:42,440 --> 00:28:46,680
The medical report said that
Hitler had a birth defect,
448
00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,560
an undescended right testicle.
449
00:28:49,560 --> 00:28:53,240
This may have affected
Hitler's attitude to sex.
450
00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:55,080
The point here is not just
451
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:58,400
whether or not he could physically
have that kind of relationship,
452
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:01,520
but also how he thought
about himself
453
00:29:01,520 --> 00:29:03,880
and what he would have seen
as his imperfections.
454
00:29:03,880 --> 00:29:06,400
That is also borne out
by the fact that
455
00:29:06,400 --> 00:29:09,480
Hitler never really wanted
to undress,
456
00:29:09,480 --> 00:29:13,000
not even kind of
in front of his physician,
457
00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:17,560
or in private. Even with Eva Braun,
there are all these images
458
00:29:17,560 --> 00:29:20,440
where Eva Braun is wearing
a bathing suit,
459
00:29:20,440 --> 00:29:22,880
but Hitler is still in a suit.
460
00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:27,800
It's perfectly plausible
to argue that he thought
461
00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:30,880
of himself
that he wasn't quite normal.
462
00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:36,760
DRUM ROLL
463
00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:39,480
News about Hitler's
secret medical condition
464
00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:43,240
somehow made it to Britain.
It inspired a bawdy song
465
00:29:43,240 --> 00:29:46,120
about Hitler having "just one ball",
466
00:29:46,120 --> 00:29:50,280
which was first sung
by British soldiers in 1939.
467
00:29:50,280 --> 00:29:52,240
SOLDIERS WHISTLE
468
00:29:52,240 --> 00:29:55,640
One possibility is
it's absolutely coincidental
469
00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:57,680
that whoever created the song
470
00:29:57,680 --> 00:30:00,400
thought that he was
just making things up.
471
00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,600
But it is equally plausible,
and maybe even more likely,
472
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:07,560
that British intelligence
had learned from someone close
473
00:30:07,560 --> 00:30:12,360
to the Nazi leadership that
Hitler only had one testicle.
474
00:30:12,360 --> 00:30:15,760
This would not have been
a widely known medical fact,
475
00:30:15,760 --> 00:30:19,520
but it certainly would have been
in his prison file.
476
00:30:19,520 --> 00:30:21,040
That file was, in fact,
477
00:30:21,040 --> 00:30:26,280
seen by people who later shared
information with intelligence.
478
00:30:26,280 --> 00:30:29,000
It seems that the song
is part of information warfare,
479
00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:30,480
where British propaganda
480
00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:34,480
deliberately leaked confidential
information that they had received
481
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:35,760
through intelligence.
482
00:30:35,760 --> 00:30:37,240
SOLDIERS WHISTLE
483
00:30:42,360 --> 00:30:45,400
In 1936, 47-year-old Hitler
484
00:30:45,400 --> 00:30:48,720
became increasingly obsessed
with his health.
485
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:51,120
He started to have
frequent stomach cramps
486
00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:53,920
and developed eczema on both legs.
487
00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:56,720
His official photographer,
Heinrich Hoffmann,
488
00:30:56,720 --> 00:31:01,600
{\an8}introduced Hitler to his own doctor,
Theodor Morell.
489
00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:04,320
{\an8}Dr Theodor Morell
is this both fascinating
490
00:31:04,320 --> 00:31:07,680
and repugnant figure.
He's often forgotten today,
491
00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:10,720
but, actually, he's at the heart
of the whole kind of
492
00:31:10,720 --> 00:31:13,520
Third Reich soap opera, if you like.
493
00:31:13,520 --> 00:31:17,040
He was this sort of
corpulent, sweaty,
494
00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:20,320
physically really unprepossessing individual
495
00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:24,120
who also smelt really
badly of body odour.
496
00:31:24,120 --> 00:31:28,160
Eventually, he ends up
striking gold by actually having
497
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:31,080
a man he would always call
"Patient A"
498
00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:34,160
as one of his patients. And,
of course, Patient A was none other
499
00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:35,640
than Adolf Hitler.
500
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:40,560
As Hitler avoided
medical examinations,
501
00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:44,640
he liked Morell's preferred healing
methods of pills and injections.
502
00:31:46,440 --> 00:31:49,320
You name it, Dr Morell
prescribed it to Hitler.
503
00:31:49,320 --> 00:31:52,720
You know, he had his own sort of
almost proprietary vitamin drugs
504
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,600
that he would give Hitler, which
almost certainly did no good at all.
505
00:31:58,800 --> 00:32:01,400
He gave him experimental forms
of penicillin,
506
00:32:01,400 --> 00:32:05,240
he gave him, effectively,
what we'd today call speed.
507
00:32:05,240 --> 00:32:09,000
He would prescribe all sorts of
drugs for all sorts of ailments,
508
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:13,760
that either Hitler may have had,
or Hitler may not have had...
509
00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:17,520
...and created new dependencies
that you then needed other drugs
510
00:32:17,520 --> 00:32:20,200
to deal with the effects
of the drugs you prescribed.
511
00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:25,520
Even in official photos,
Hitler looked increasingly frail.
512
00:32:27,040 --> 00:32:30,880
So, what you're ending up
by the mid-1940s,
513
00:32:30,880 --> 00:32:33,760
there's no other word -
Hitler, under Morell's care,
514
00:32:33,760 --> 00:32:35,920
became a junkie.
515
00:32:39,240 --> 00:32:42,080
Eva Braun's home movies
offer an insight
516
00:32:42,080 --> 00:32:46,920
into Adolf Hitler's private world
and the people he saw as friends.
517
00:32:46,920 --> 00:32:52,400
What we see in these private films
is people having fun.
518
00:32:52,400 --> 00:32:54,240
They're having
the time of their life.
519
00:32:54,240 --> 00:32:58,840
And we would not waste one
single second to watch these films
520
00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:02,240
if it was not about those people
we see in there.
521
00:33:02,240 --> 00:33:06,400
We see just normal people,
making normal things,
522
00:33:06,400 --> 00:33:11,080
and it shows us that we are not
talking about monsters,
523
00:33:11,080 --> 00:33:14,160
even if what they were doing
is monstrous.
524
00:33:14,160 --> 00:33:17,600
But these were very well-educated
people who know how to dress,
525
00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:19,360
know how to eat cake,
526
00:33:19,360 --> 00:33:22,200
how to make coffee
and enjoy their life.
527
00:33:22,200 --> 00:33:26,160
At the same times,
they were going after Jews.
528
00:33:26,160 --> 00:33:28,560
And this makes it so frightening.
529
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:32,560
Many of Hitler's associates
who Eva Braun filmed relaxing
530
00:33:32,560 --> 00:33:36,400
at the Berghof were responsible
for unspeakable crimes.
531
00:33:38,640 --> 00:33:42,320
{\an8}Heinrich Himmler is the individual
most closely
532
00:33:42,320 --> 00:33:44,920
associated with the Nazi Holocaust.
533
00:33:44,920 --> 00:33:49,360
He was the leader of the SS,
the Schutzstaffel.
534
00:33:49,360 --> 00:33:51,120
The SS were responsible
535
00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:55,080
for running the labour
and extermination camps.
536
00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:57,560
{\an8}Himmler also oversaw the creation
537
00:33:57,560 --> 00:34:01,560
{\an8}of the so-called Einsatzgruppen,
the mobile death squads,
538
00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:05,960
who were responsible
for about a third of the murders
539
00:34:05,960 --> 00:34:11,000
that constituted the Holocaust, so
this operated well beyond the camp.
540
00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:15,920
In these two roles,
Himmler essentially oversees
541
00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:20,000
the murder of over
six million people.
542
00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:28,080
Martin Bormann coordinated
the building of the Berghof
543
00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:30,200
and worked as Hitler's
private secretary.
544
00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:32,800
Now, that doesn't sound
very important,
545
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:35,200
but it is crucial in a regime
546
00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:38,280
where there's so many
competing voices,
547
00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:43,200
so access to the Fuhrer
has huge influences on policy,
548
00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:46,960
who gets to make policy,
so Bormann's channelling
549
00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:49,760
{\an8}who got to speak to Hitler
and who didn't
550
00:34:49,760 --> 00:34:53,000
{\an8}crucially shaped policy
in the Third Reich.
551
00:34:54,320 --> 00:35:00,960
Hitler relied on him
because Bormann was a hard worker.
552
00:35:00,960 --> 00:35:02,440
And when Hitler said something,
553
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:04,880
"Oh, I would like to have
this and that,"
554
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:07,880
Bormann was the one
who wrote it down.
555
00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:11,280
He made it an order
of the Fuhrer.
556
00:35:11,280 --> 00:35:14,520
So Bormann became very powerful.
557
00:35:16,960 --> 00:35:21,080
{\an8}Heydrich was the chief
of the Reich Security Main Office
558
00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:24,840
so, basically, overseeing policing
and security operations
559
00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:31,080
in Nazi Germany, that included his
directing the infamous Gestapo.
560
00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:36,440
Heydrich also chaired the
Wannsee Conference in 1942,
561
00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:41,240
where the so-called Final Solution
was decided upon.
562
00:35:42,960 --> 00:35:46,000
A number of plans had been
discussed that was about
563
00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:49,520
the deportation and the removal
of the Jewish populations.
564
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:51,800
And, really, it's at
the Wannsee Conference
565
00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:55,600
where the decision is made
that only the mass murder
566
00:35:55,600 --> 00:36:00,600
of every single Jew Nazi Germany
can bring under its control
567
00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:03,760
is the "solution" to that problem.
568
00:36:08,560 --> 00:36:11,240
Karl Brandt worked alongside
Theodor Morell
569
00:36:11,240 --> 00:36:14,000
as Hitler's personal doctor.
570
00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:17,440
Fearing serious injury
after an assassination attempt,
571
00:36:17,440 --> 00:36:22,560
Hitler took Brandt with him on every
journey, at home and abroad.
572
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,640
Brandt was the kind of man
Hitler liked.
573
00:36:25,640 --> 00:36:28,760
He looked like the perfect Nazi.
574
00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:30,640
With the beginning of the war,
575
00:36:30,640 --> 00:36:36,640
Brandt, more and more,
became a special envoy for Hitler.
576
00:36:36,640 --> 00:36:41,240
And when Hitler ordered
the killing of disabled
577
00:36:41,240 --> 00:36:45,560
and sick people,
adults and children,
578
00:36:45,560 --> 00:36:52,640
and Brandt himself was the one
who did the first lethal injection.
579
00:37:07,640 --> 00:37:09,680
Of all Hitler's inner circle,
580
00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:14,080
the closest to the Fuhrer
was Nazi architect Albert Speer.
581
00:37:15,720 --> 00:37:19,720
After the war,
he claimed to be a technocrat,
582
00:37:19,720 --> 00:37:21,760
not to have believed in anything,
583
00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:23,960
and not to have known anything.
584
00:37:23,960 --> 00:37:25,880
But throughout his career
585
00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:29,160
he was massively involved
in the persecution of the Jews.
586
00:37:29,160 --> 00:37:31,520
He started as an architect.
587
00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:35,120
He also was in charge
of building the Reich Chancellery.
588
00:37:35,120 --> 00:37:40,760
He also helped to stage
the party rallies.
589
00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:44,680
He also was involved
in building the Olympiastadion.
590
00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:51,680
{\an8}Hitler perceived himself
as an architect.
591
00:37:51,680 --> 00:37:56,520
So, Speer was kind of his alter ego.
592
00:37:56,520 --> 00:37:59,880
He saw in Speer himself,
593
00:37:59,880 --> 00:38:04,520
and these two men were very close
and, at the Berghof,
594
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:08,320
he spent hours, Hitler with Speer,
595
00:38:08,320 --> 00:38:13,240
looking at models,
talking about architecture.
596
00:38:14,440 --> 00:38:18,920
He had huge plans, both at Berlin,
which he wanted to rechristen
597
00:38:18,920 --> 00:38:23,680
Germania, he had huge plans for his
hometown of Linz. And he would dream
598
00:38:23,680 --> 00:38:26,160
and he would envisage
what they would look like.
599
00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:33,680
Film producer David Puttnam met
Albert Speer in the early 1970s.
600
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:36,640
He said that when he was
designing Germania, the new Berlin,
601
00:38:36,640 --> 00:38:38,600
it was a vast model they created
602
00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:42,400
in the basement of the Chancellery.
And he said, "I used to sleep there.
603
00:38:42,400 --> 00:38:44,960
"I had a camp bed there." He said,
"I woke up and there was
604
00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:48,920
"someone in the room." He said,
"I could see a flashlight."
605
00:38:48,920 --> 00:38:50,720
It was Hitler in his dressing gown.
606
00:38:50,720 --> 00:38:55,400
And he was leaning down
with a torch, looking down streets,
607
00:38:55,400 --> 00:38:58,480
this street, and then that street.
608
00:38:58,480 --> 00:39:00,920
Speer took the opportunity
to tell Hitler
609
00:39:00,920 --> 00:39:03,840
about all the equipment
and materials he needed
610
00:39:03,840 --> 00:39:06,840
to be able to finish
the new Berlin.
611
00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:09,600
Hitler said to Speer,
"You don't get it." He said, "Look."
612
00:39:09,600 --> 00:39:13,960
"Look," he said. "That's just about
cement and building.
613
00:39:13,960 --> 00:39:15,600
"This is the dream."
614
00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:18,160
He said, "This is good enough
for me." And he said,
615
00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:22,840
"What I realised was that, in a
sense, he was off with the fairies.
616
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:26,960
"He wasn't interested in the issues
of how to build a new city.
617
00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:30,280
"It was how to plan a new city,
is what interested him."
618
00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:35,960
Architecture was the closest
Hitler came to a hobby.
619
00:39:35,960 --> 00:39:38,760
Thanks to the photographs
of Heinrich Hoffmann,
620
00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:41,000
as far as the world was concerned,
621
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:44,280
the Fuhrer spent his free time
getting close to nature.
622
00:39:44,280 --> 00:39:48,760
In 1933, the year
Hitler became Chancellor,
623
00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:52,360
he was Time Magazine's
Man Of The Year.
624
00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:55,720
The cover reflects Hitler's love
of the outdoors.
625
00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:00,560
It's not a very good painting,
to be honest,
626
00:40:00,560 --> 00:40:04,960
but it's certainly sort of depicting
a kind of friendliness about him.
627
00:40:04,960 --> 00:40:08,480
This is meant to be the picture of
a nice man at rest in his garden.
628
00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:12,400
And, look, there's a faithful dog
in the background.
629
00:40:12,400 --> 00:40:17,000
Everything about this image
is radiating a kind of simplicity,
630
00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:22,960
a kind of homeliness, a kind of
decency, despite the uniform.
631
00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:26,760
He's on what looks like
some sort of nice garden chair.
632
00:40:26,760 --> 00:40:28,320
What message is that sending out?
633
00:40:28,320 --> 00:40:33,520
It's, "You're a regular guy, you
know, at the weekend, relaxing."
634
00:40:33,520 --> 00:40:38,840
So, it's a weird blend of the
dictatorial and the very homely.
635
00:40:42,560 --> 00:40:44,880
Hitler's choice
of a mountain retreat,
636
00:40:44,880 --> 00:40:47,160
and the length of time
he spent there,
637
00:40:47,160 --> 00:40:50,800
shows that his public love
for nature was genuine.
638
00:40:50,800 --> 00:40:54,120
That passion had
a political message.
639
00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:57,440
Much of Nazi ideology was not new.
640
00:40:57,440 --> 00:41:00,000
It was a kind of perversion
641
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:02,400
and extreme radicalisation
642
00:41:02,400 --> 00:41:03,720
of many things that were
643
00:41:03,720 --> 00:41:06,120
already there in German culture.
644
00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:08,600
And part of this cultural canon,
645
00:41:08,600 --> 00:41:11,360
if you like,
is the supposed German ability
646
00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:16,720
to immerse oneself in nature and
draw a kind of spiritual strength
647
00:41:16,720 --> 00:41:19,720
from communing with nature.
648
00:41:19,720 --> 00:41:23,200
So, we see this in Hitler's
performances for the camera,
649
00:41:23,200 --> 00:41:26,320
but this is also something
that's taken up by millions
650
00:41:26,320 --> 00:41:28,080
of Germans who are, in this period,
651
00:41:28,080 --> 00:41:30,440
running around
with their own cameras,
652
00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:34,000
making their own photo albums,
all the way through the Third Reich,
653
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:39,320
millions of albums that depict
the Sunday outing, the holiday,
654
00:41:39,320 --> 00:41:44,360
and always very closely modelled
on what Hitler's doing.
655
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:48,320
It was that same ability
to commune with nature.
656
00:41:53,920 --> 00:41:57,080
The Holocaust museum in Washington
has in their collection
657
00:41:57,080 --> 00:42:00,760
a series of photographs
taken by Karl Hoecker,
658
00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:04,160
second in command at the
Auschwitz extermination camp
659
00:42:04,160 --> 00:42:06,120
in occupied Poland.
660
00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:12,400
I mean, they're astounding
661
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:14,680
because we don't have that many
662
00:42:14,680 --> 00:42:17,560
photographs taken at Auschwitz.
663
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:24,640
The album includes a day trip
on July 22nd 1944,
664
00:42:24,640 --> 00:42:26,240
to the Solahutte,
665
00:42:26,240 --> 00:42:29,840
{\an8}a forest resort in the heart of
nature for Auschwitz guards,
666
00:42:29,840 --> 00:42:34,960
{\an8}to reward them for their
so-called hard work.
667
00:42:34,960 --> 00:42:38,720
{\an8}It was built in the style
of a Black Forest chalet,
668
00:42:38,720 --> 00:42:41,200
and this, in itself,
is really significant.
669
00:42:41,200 --> 00:42:45,360
It conjures up an image
of the ideal, typical German,
670
00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:48,840
forested landscape
with its characteristic,
671
00:42:48,840 --> 00:42:51,040
vernacular architecture,
672
00:42:51,040 --> 00:42:54,520
that kind of prefigure
the ideal world
673
00:42:54,520 --> 00:42:57,680
that the Nazis were trying to build
in the East.
674
00:43:00,040 --> 00:43:04,680
Karl Hoecker took pictures
of a group of SS female auxiliaries,
675
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:08,240
who worked as
communication specialists.
676
00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:12,120
These woman believed
that as "good Nazis"
677
00:43:12,120 --> 00:43:17,640
they were entitled to enjoy nature.
They were merely copying the Fuhrer.
678
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:23,720
So, we see SS staff from
the Auschwitz camp system
679
00:43:23,720 --> 00:43:25,640
relaxing on their time off,
680
00:43:25,640 --> 00:43:28,960
sometimes joined by family members
in deck chairs,
681
00:43:28,960 --> 00:43:33,400
enjoying the sunshine, performing,
having a good time.
682
00:43:33,400 --> 00:43:35,840
And one of the spectacles
that's put on
683
00:43:35,840 --> 00:43:38,040
is a blueberry eating competition.
684
00:43:38,040 --> 00:43:41,240
So, blueberries are picked in
the forest around the Solahutte,
685
00:43:41,240 --> 00:43:43,360
and then everybody's sitting
on the terrace
686
00:43:43,360 --> 00:43:45,800
and they're having a competition
about who can finish
687
00:43:45,800 --> 00:43:48,480
the bowl of blueberries first.
688
00:43:49,640 --> 00:43:52,720
One of the women
is pretending to cry
689
00:43:52,720 --> 00:43:56,600
with her bowl turned upside down.
690
00:43:56,600 --> 00:44:00,520
And she's crying because she's got
no more blueberries left,
691
00:44:00,520 --> 00:44:05,120
which, of course,
makes it even more heinous,
692
00:44:05,120 --> 00:44:09,840
that it's this sort of
playacting and performing.
693
00:44:09,840 --> 00:44:12,800
You know, blueberries
were unimaginable
694
00:44:12,800 --> 00:44:19,280
to the people who were imprisoned
and being put into gas chambers.
695
00:44:22,680 --> 00:44:27,040
The eerie subtext of all of this is,
this is 1944,
696
00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:29,280
when the extermination camp Auschwitz
697
00:44:29,280 --> 00:44:34,280
is running at maximum capacity.
Much of the area around Auschwitz
698
00:44:34,280 --> 00:44:38,320
is filled with a thin coating
of white dust,
699
00:44:38,320 --> 00:44:41,760
which comes out of the crematoria,
the human remains,
700
00:44:41,760 --> 00:44:44,280
they're staging their blueberry
eating competitions
701
00:44:44,280 --> 00:44:46,360
in the middle of that.
702
00:44:46,360 --> 00:44:50,640
The smell, also, must have been
quite unbearable.
703
00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:56,640
It's that ostentatious, aggressive,
fun in spite of it all,
704
00:44:56,640 --> 00:44:59,680
because of it all,
because of the violence.
705
00:44:59,680 --> 00:45:02,280
This is not an innocent retreat.
706
00:45:02,280 --> 00:45:05,040
This is literally in the shadow
707
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:08,080
of the greatest genocide
of human history.
708
00:45:11,440 --> 00:45:14,080
In January 1945,
709
00:45:14,080 --> 00:45:17,960
only six months after these
Auschwitz photographs were taken,
710
00:45:17,960 --> 00:45:21,000
the camp was liberated.
711
00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:25,680
Over one million men, women and
children had died in Auschwitz.
712
00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:31,920
In April, Hitler's mountain retreat,
the Berghof,
713
00:45:31,920 --> 00:45:34,360
was destroyed by the Allies.
714
00:45:34,360 --> 00:45:37,280
The terraces where Eva Braun filmed
were wrecked.
715
00:45:37,280 --> 00:45:40,200
The Great Hall
became a popular location
716
00:45:40,200 --> 00:45:43,360
for American troops
to take souvenir photos.
717
00:45:49,080 --> 00:45:51,040
In the previous six years,
718
00:45:51,040 --> 00:45:55,720
a different side of Adolf Hitler
had been shown to the world...
719
00:45:55,720 --> 00:45:58,880
...the fanatical warlord.
720
00:45:58,880 --> 00:46:01,880
He himself had gone through
this baptism of fire
721
00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:03,280
during the First World War.
722
00:46:03,280 --> 00:46:05,480
And he saw it as something
that had strengthened him,
723
00:46:05,480 --> 00:46:07,920
that had given him
his mission in life.
724
00:46:07,920 --> 00:46:11,400
And I think he saw the same thing
for the German people.
725
00:46:11,400 --> 00:46:14,280
War was something that would
harden them, that would make them
726
00:46:14,280 --> 00:46:18,200
the new Germany that would be
strong and lead Europe.
727
00:46:18,200 --> 00:46:20,560
It was Germany's baptism of fire.
728
00:46:22,720 --> 00:46:25,400
He sees himself as a master
tactician - he's simply not.
729
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:27,440
He was completely deluded.
730
00:46:31,360 --> 00:46:34,360
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