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[Music]
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how many hours of sleep per night does a
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human being need to be healthy
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i bet you've answered eight hours but
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that's not quite true according to
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recent scientific findings
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this is misunderstood that's like saying
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everybody should be 5 feet 10 inches
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tall and if you're shorter than 510
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you've got a problem not all of us need
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the same amount of sleep to be well
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rested and function at a high level
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and it's not a matter of behavior or
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choice it's in the genes
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some people are genetically designed to
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be what is called natural short sleepers
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this means they only need four to six
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hours of sleep per night and still wake
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up feeling fresh
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others have called these folks elite
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sleepers and i think it makes sense
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they get by with much less sleep and
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still perform at a high level and it is
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true that it is a real asset in today's
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work world
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[Music]
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for the past 25 years dr patasek and his
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team have been analyzing the sleeping
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patterns of over a hundred families in
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the beginning all of our work was really
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focused on trying to figure out
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what the diagnostic criteria should be
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to call someone i'm you know a familial
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advanced sleep phase person an advanced
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sleeping phase person is also known as a
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morning lark
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someone that goes to bed early and wakes
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up early
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some people came to our attention who
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were extreme morning larks but who
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stayed up too late to meet our criteria
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it became clear to us then that
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there were
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families that were morning larks yes but
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they were also night owls and that's
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when we had this idea that perhaps
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these families have something different
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and that is natural short sleep that
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allows them to wake up early and to stay
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up
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so far four genes related to natural
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short sleep were identified
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but it's likely to be more
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the challenge is these genes are quite
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rare
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dr petarsek estimates that only one
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person in a thousand is an elite sleeper
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the good news is that they might unlock
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the secrets and sleep efficiency for all
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of us
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we have a very strong impression that
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these folks are
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healthier than average
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we have
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measured using questionnaires measured
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people's resilience and natural short
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sleepers score much higher on resilience
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scales than non-short sleepers these
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people are sleeping
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so much less and they're still doing
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well that maybe they're sleeping more
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efficiently
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and then the question is what does that
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mean
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we might be getting closer to this
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answer
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in a new study natural short sleep genes
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were introduced in mice with alzheimer's
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disease and the animals became more
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resilient
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this is very exciting because it
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suggests that we might be able to target
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that
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biology
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for therapeutic use not just with regard
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to neurodegenerative diseases but
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psychiatric diseases diabetes obesity
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many cancers
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i view this as a large jigsaw puzzle
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there's a picture of sleep in a jigsaw
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puzzle but we don't know what the
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picture is so what we've got is these
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families and in every family where we
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can identify a gene
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and a genetic variant and show that it
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is actually causing that trait we're
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still very much in a discovery process
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trying to find as many pieces to the
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puzzle as we can
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for something that most of us spend a
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third of our lives doing there's still a
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lot to understand about sleep
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something is happening when we're
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sleeping that allow us to
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restore our functions to wake up the
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next day and perform
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well if we could do that better by
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understanding
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how sleep
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efficiency is regulated and we think
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this could have a huge impact
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on human health
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[Music]
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you
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