Original subtitles

It is the greatest aviation mystery of all time

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 vanished without a trace

Ladies and gentlemen, we are deeply sadden this morning...

It is unprecedented for an airplane to disappear

With few clues to go on,

aviation experts consider a handful of compelling theories

A fire could affect the electrical system

The possibility of hijack jumps into your face

If it is some mechanical problem it needs to be corrected

The experts scrutinize the available evidence more closely

One thing you learn is: You rule nothing out

and are faced with a shocking explanation about what happened.

It is going to be very difficult to say:

Yeah, we lock this down, now it can never happen again

This program is based on official documents and expert analysis

of available evidence

Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia

Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 is completing final preparations

for a night flight to Beijing.

Would you fasten your seat-belts now, please?

227 Passengers are on board

152 of them are Chinese citizens.

Malaysian 370 is their red-eye flight home

Fuel pumps

In the cockpit,

Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah is in command.

an experienced pilot who has been with the airline for 33 years.

First Officer Fariq Abdul Hamid

is far less experienced

This is his first time flying a Boeing 777 without an instructor.

For take off checklist complete

The process of take off in any commercial airliner is a busy period

Former Airforce and airline pilot John Nance

is an internationally recognized expert in aviation safety

This is the reason that world wide, starting in the US many years ago,

We said, Sterile cockpit under 10,000 ft

No one is talking because you got a lot to concentrate on

Malaysian 370, Runway 32R you are cleared for take off

Runway 32R cleared for take off, Malaysian 370, thank you

Why don't you tell them we are ready to go?

Flight attendants, please take your seats for take off

0:40 AM, Flight 370 is cleared for take off

OKAY, here we go.

The crew monitors the speed as they accelerate down the runway

V1

Rotate

The take off seems completely routine

As the plane climbs,

the controller directs the crew towards a navigational way-point, called IGARI.

Malaysia 370 turn right direct to IGARI

The 777 is one of the most automated airplanes in the world.

The crew can simply enter the location of the way-point into their flight-computer.

IGARI is entered

Cruise control?

Execute

Flying the big airplane like the 777 is really managing the airplane,

because there is not a lot of flying stick and rudder involved

It is a lot of management with a very sophisticated amount of electronics.

Malaysian 370's flightpath will now take them along the air-corridor

that runs North East over the Gulf of Thailand

before continuing on to Beijing.

The trip takes about 6 hours.

Malaysia 370, maintaining level 350

20 minutes after take off, they reach cruising altitude:

35,000 ft.

When you get a big jet up to altitude

and you got it on AUTOPILOT, you've levelled off, You've run your cruise-checklist,

it really is time now to throw the straps off and relax a little bit

The crew will now monitor the AUTOPILOT until they are ready to land

Controllers in Kuala Lumpur will only track the plane while it is in Malaysian airspace,

about 20 minutes more.

As the plane crosses the Gulf of Thailand,

controllers in Vietnam will take over.

The controller in Kuala Lumpur makes one last transmission, at 1:19 AM

370, contact Ho Chi Minh

120,9, Goodnight

Goodnight, Malaysia 370

When we found out what was said from the cockpit from the MH370,

it was perfectly routine

absolutely boilerplate, that is what airline pilots and controllers say to each other

The crew is expected to contact Vietnamese controllers in less than 1 minute.

But 19 minutes later...

...there is no word from Flight 370.

Malaysian 370, this is Ho Chi Minh, please contact

Controllers in Vietnam and Malaysia try desperately to reach the missing plane.

Malaysia 370, do you copy?

Malaysia 370, this is Kuala Lumpur, do you copy?

There is no response from the cockpit,

and no sign of the plane on radar.

Flight 370 has vanished without a trace.

It is unprecedented for an airplane to disappear from the radar environment like this

and go unaccounted for.

Malcolm Brenner is widely recognized

as one of the world's leading experts in the causes of aviation disasters.

He studied human performance for NASA and the US Airforce

and has investigated dozens of major accidents for the NTSB

This accident has caught the attention of the world

in way I have not seen in a 40 year career in aviation.

This was probably going to be the #1 mystery in aviation history

Everybody looked at Amelia Earhart as the #1

I think this clearly displaces it.

Ladies and gentlemen of the media,

We are deeply sadden this morning with the news on the MH370

Stunned family members demand answers from the airline.

While aviation experts world wide scramble to try to explain what might have happened to the plane.

In that situation, everything is on the table

including disorientation, smoke, fire, midair collision, you name it

Finding out what caused this disappearance is crucial for the entire aviation industry.

If it is a mechanical problem, it needs to be corrected

If it is a security breach of some type, that needs to be corrected

If there was something with the cargo,

Whatever the issue was, it has to be rectified.

Malaysian authorities immediately launch a massive search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370

Australia, the US and China soon join the hunt.

In the first couple of days, we really had no idea what to think

(Except that we couldn't find the airplane)

It is difficult to know where to look

Flight 370 has disappeared over the Gulf of Thailand

where there is limited radar-coverage.

Radar systems are on about 10% of the surface of the earth

As you can imagine, there are no radar systems over the oceans

So, you have a physical inability to cover much of the earth's surface where it is ocean.

No ships in the region reported spotting a plane on radar.

And there is no sign of any floating aircraft-debris.

Desperate to save any potential crash-survivors searchers turn to another technology:

It is called ACARS: Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System

The ACARS uses satellite to transmit information between the ground and the aircraft in flight.

Chris McLaughlin is the vice president at INMARSAT the company that runs the satellite network

It is a primary form of communication between the controllers and the airline itself

and the pilots in the air

ACARS is intended to be a link with no concept, you are never able to track an aircraft with it

Because why would you need to? Because you are in communications with it

Unlike GPS, ACARS does not provide constant location data

but what it does provide is vital information on how the plane is performing

including crucially its fuel load.

This allows investigators to estimate how far it could have flown

but without knowing the direction of flight, it is not much to go on

The search area grows to more than 100,000 mile²

The element what was the most startling was:

"What do you mean, we didn't know where this airplane was

What do you mean we lost track something as big as a Boeing 777?

This isn't the first time that an airliner has vanished.

Air France flight 447 disappeared over the Atlantic Ocean in 2009.

Though floating debris was found within days,

it took nearly 2 years to find the sunken wreckage.

Leopold Sartorius was a key investigator during that search

In the case of the Malaysian,

apparently the search area is at least 3 to 4 times bigger

than the original Air France 447 search area, which already was quite huge.

French investigators ultimately conclude

that the pilots on Air France Flight 447 made a series of stunning errors, leading to the crash.

That conclusion would have been impossible without the undersea recovery of the black boxes.

We had much more than the investigators seem to have today in the case of the Malaysian

but already, with all we had

it was very difficult to reach conclusions without the flight recorders

In the search for Flight 370, there is no time to loose

Ocean currents could already be moving the flight-recorders

or worse: Burying them under silt.

A careful review of the passenger manifest by Malaysian police turns up an alarming lead

Two passengers boarded the plane illegally.

Very early in the case it was determined that there were passengers using stolen passports

that were in the Interpol database as stolen passports.

It suddenly seems possible that Flight 370 hasn't crashed after all

Perhaps hijackers somehow seized control of the plane.

I began to develop hope,

because it didn't appear there was any wreckage in the water

This wasn't only a hijacking, but it was a hostage taking

and we would hear a demand for 2xx hostages to be repatriated if certain things were done

That was the best hope.

370, contact Ho Chi Minh 120,9, Goodnight

Since 9/11, mid-air hijackings are extremely unlikely...

...but not impossible.

One thing you learn in any form of accident investigation is:

You rule nothing out

If the captain or the copilot use the rest-room they come out of their cockpit

Tom Fuentes is uniquely qualified to consider how a hijacking might unfold

He spent 29 years with the FBI.

So, all the security in the world means nothing

when they leave the controlled environment of the cockpit.

Take me to the cockpit, or I kill her

OKAY, just don't hurt anyone

What do you want?

Open the cockpit door

The lack of any demands would be unusual but hijackings don't always go according to plan

Could the disappearance of Flight 370 be a case of a hijacking gone wrong?

There are always possibilities that whatever the plan was in MH370, it failed

That for one reason or another, it did not work out as expected

That is one of the reasons why it is difficult to understand.

One such failed hijacking took place in 1996

aboard Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961

The Boeing 767 was on a routine trip from Addis Ababa to the Ivory Coast

when 3 young Ethiopians made their move.

Get out

Fly to Australia

Fly us to Australia

We don't have enough fuel to get to Australia

We have a bomb

If you don't do what we tell you to we will blow this plane out of the sky.

We only have 2 hours of fuel

The hijackers didn't believe the captain

when he told them the 767 was going to run out of fuel.

3 hours later, near the Comoros islands

the jet hit the water at more than 230 mph

125 of the 175 people on board were killed

including all of the hijackers.

Did a hijacker force his way into the cockpit of Flight 370?

Stay calm, I am entering the heading now

I thought that there was a very strong possibility if that plane turned around

it could have crashed into the jungles of Malaysia

or into the jungles of Indonesia

that went through all the vegetation into a swamp which would keep it from being found.

That would be very easy for a plane to crash in the jungle

and not be found.

Agencies around the world scour radar records for clues

Then, on March 11th,

three days after the plane's disappearance

the Malaysian Military releases radar data that seems to support the hijacking theory.

Three minutes after its last radio call Flight 370 made a sharp turn off course

At the moment that it appeared, that there was a shadowy trace of this airplane making a left turn

immediately after the last radio call of ATC

the possibility of hijack jumps into your face

That possibility seems even more likely

when photos from a previous flight co-piloted by Fariq Hamid

sparks speculation that he didn't always keep the cockpit secure

If you got flight crews who are, shall we say, prone to break the rules and let somebody up there

because they just want to do that in a comradely way

They can open the door to anybody It might be a pretty girl

but that pretty girl might have a confederate and a gun in her purse

They may only have a small weapon or intended to have a weapon

Now they get in there and

they have what they need.

In the media frenzy surrounding the disappearance of Flight 370

there is talk of a possible hijacking

but for aviation experts, something about the theory doesn't fit.

I just need to check my charge, is that alright?

Hurry up

Pilots have several ways to send emergency signals to the ground.

You've got radios to talk on, you got emergency frequencies,

you can put something in the ACAR system and type it in

and you've got a code that you can put in to the transponder

that instantly lets the world of aviation know you have been hijacked.

They refer it as squawking: It is sending out a special frequency

that would go back to the control tower and to the airline

and say: 'this is the hijacking code'

But Air Traffic Controllers never received a squawked code or any other alert from Flight 370

and an intensive police investigation has lifted suspicion

from the passengers, travelling on stolen passports.

They certainly had no links to terrorism.

In fact,

no one on board seems to have any connection with any terrorist group.

We are talking of thousands of people looked at interviews being done

At least the public should realize that this was a very, very extensive investigation

With armed hijacking looking less likely

authorities focus on the few existing leads in the case

including some troubling timing.

2 minutes after the last voice communication from the cockpit,

Flight 370's transponder cuts out.

Transponders transmit information like flight number and position

to controllers on the ground.

Loosing that signal makes it harder to track the plane.

Even more troubling: a few minutes after the transponder cuts out

the signal from the ACARS also switches off.

Turning off the transponder is extremely straight forward, extremely simple,

even on a sophisticated jet like the 777

Turning off the ACARS is not so simple, it takes a lot of knowledge

It is difficult to imagine a routine glitch that would cause the sudden loss of both systems

The answer probably lies elsewhere

There are only two things after a while that begin to parse out

1. This is a purposeful act

the other is a massive emergency

An on board fire is one of the most catastrophic emergencies a crew can face.

It can damage multiple systems

including electronics.

There goes the ACARS

Sometimes...

...in unpredictable ways.

A fire such as that could affect the electrical system.

And so conceivably, you could loose some capabilities.

In November of 1987,

a South African Airways 747 was bound for Johannesburg.

Fire broke out in its cargo area on the main deck directly behind the passengers.

By the time the crew got to it, the fire was raging.

The Captain initiated an emergency descend.

Mauritius, Mauritius Springbok 295

Springbok 295, Mauritius, Good morning, Go ahead

Good morning, we have a smoke problem

and we are doing an emergency descend to level 1,500 ft

Thick noxious smoke filled the cabin

And the captain lost power to key-instruments

Now, we lost a lot of electrics

We haven't got anything on the aircraft

The South African 747 never made it home.

159 people died, when the plane hit the Indian Ocean.

The cargo manifest from Malaysia Airlines Flight 370

reveals it was carrying some potentially dangerous cargo

487 lbs of highly flammable Li-ion batteries

Is it possible that they spark the catastrophic fire?

The amount/weight of Li-Ion batteries exceed normal standards

considered to be safe or did they violate that and put too much on

and then maybe put it in the wrong cargo area, where the fire suppression wasn't as robust

as where it supposed to be

There is a fire on board

Mayday, mayday, this is Malaysia 370, We have a fire on board

There goes the ACARS

A sudden fire might explain

both the failure of the cockpit instruments and the abrupt left turn

turning left, heading 240

Perhaps the crew was changing course to prepare for an emergency landing

The crews do have oxygen

and one of the first things they do in the event of fire or smoke is to use the oxygen

And that will give them at least an hour of oxygen to work with

So, there is that possibility.

But the fire theory has a major flaw

The main problem with the fire scenario, not seeming likely to me is

The #1 thing is that there was no radio call

The cargo base fire alarm should have sounded before the fire had spread

The first thing that you do is oxygen mask on, 100%

Make sure my body over here has his/her oxygen mask on

We are going to declare an emergency immediately we are going to turn the airplane around

We are going to look for the nearest suitable airport

There is another compelling reason to doubt that a fire brought down Flight 370

In London, a small team of engineers at INMARSAT has made a startling discovery.

The team was looking on Sunday

They initially found something they couldn't quite believe.

What they've uncovered immediately casts a troubling new light

on the mysterious events aboard Flight 370.

INMARSAT technicians have made a stunning discovery.

Deep in the ACARS data,

they have uncovered a series of automated signals or handshakes

received from Flight 370 long after it was assumed to have crashed.

It is done through an invisible handshake or ping between the network and the unit itself

The plane's ACARS computer continues to answer the automated pings

from the INMARSAT ground-station, every hour, from 2:25 AM until 8:19 AM

The aircraft was continuing to signal, a request for service

not for minutes up to the loss but for over 7 hours after it had disappeared

from the radar system.

The discovery means Flight 370 did not crash into the Gulf of Thailand

but was in the air for another 7 hours

What changed everything to me and everybody else was that INMARSAT satellite data.

That says: 'Wait a minute, that plane flew for hours'

A 7 hour flight makes it nearly impossible to believe a fire brought down the plane

With a fuel energized fire, the airplane is not going to be capable of flying that many hours

The timing matches earlier ACARS data about flight 370's fuel consumption

The plane had enough fuel to keep flying on AUTOPILOT for 7 hours

but no one knows what was happening on board during all that time.

We now know that it went in a certain direction

We know that it went thousands of miles out there, it flew for hours

whether anybody was alive or not, we don't know.

Once the fuel tanks ran dry the 2 engines would have cut out one after another

putting the 777 into a downward spiral

until it crashed into the sea.

The new scenario bears a striking resemblance to another mysterious accident:

In August, 2005, Helios Flight 522 was on route from Cyprus to Athens.

Operations, this is Flight 522, over

Flight 522, what can I do for you?

We have a take off configuration warning.

In the cabin, oxygen masks suddenly dropped.

To the pilots, the alarms made no sense

and then, the plane went silent.

1.5 hour later, the Greek Airforce scrambled two fighter jets to investigate.

They spotted someone slumped over the controls in the First Officer's seat,

but there was no sign of the Captain.

There is one figure in the cockpit of Helios Flight 522

It appears not responsive.

They saw someone moving in the cockpit, just before the 747 suddenly turned

and made a quick descend.

As the plane sped downward,

the person in the cockpit finally acknowledged the fighter jet

but no words were exchanged

Moments later, Helios Flight 522 slammed into the ground

An investigation into the Helios crash revealed,

that the previous cabin crew had reported seeing ice on the rear service door.

A ground engineer, investigating the problem,

ran tests that required him to switch the cabin pressurization control from AUTO to MAN...

...but he didn't switch it back.

When the plane took off again, the cabin didn't pressurize automatically

and oxygen levels began to drop.

Hypoxia can result in head-aches, confusion,

difficulty understanding what was happening

memory loss, shortness of breath

What is especially sinister about hypoxia (all pilots are warned about this)

you don't recognize that you are impaired.

Overhead masks deploy when cabin pressure gets too low

but they only supply oxygen for about 12 minutes.

Slowly starved of oxygen...

...the passengers and crew drifted off to sleep.

Everyone on the plane was unconscious

with the exception of one flight attendant who somehow had received the oxygen.

By the time that the flight attendant reached the cockpit

the plane was out of fuel.

There was no way for him to save the plane.

Put on your mask

Did Malaysia Air Flight 370 suffer a pressurization failure,

and fly for hours on AUTOPILOT, just like Helios 522?

the airplane is on AUTOPILOT for most of the flight

In case both pilots could not control the plane anymore

the AUTOPILOT would do what it supposed to do.

The Malaysian Flight was flying at 35,000 ft

This is higher than the Mount Everest

and without oxygen,

you can expect 30 to 60 seconds of useful consciousness.

An Australian Transport Safety Bureau report helps narrowing down the search area

with the finding that Flight 370's straight and level path in the final hours

is consistent with an on board hypoxia event.

But there are some troubling details that suggests something was very wrong

Well before hypoxia could ever have set in.

Hypoxia and disorientation is not consistent

with turns that are made that would never have been programmed into the computer,

even in the wildest imagination

Careful analysis of the evidence has revealed that Flight 370

made 3 turns over the next 1.5 hr

after the last radio call.

First, a turn to the left

then two more, taking the plane West

then South towards Antarctica

For Malcolm Brenner,

those turns strongly suggest someone in the cockpit

deliberately flew the plane off course

It is conceivable

that a pilot could deliberately depressurize the airplane

It is part of an effort to hijack the airplane or take it for some purpose

It would be possible from the cockpit to turn off the pressurization

and produce a Helios type event

The big question is now:

Who made those mysterious turns...

...and why?

370, contact Ho Chi Minh 120.9

Goodnight

Investigators are struggling to explain a series of mysterious turns

made by Flight 370, after its last radio call

That's weird, the transponder is just gone off

Anything else affected?

Hold on, the ACARS is out, too

You always want to have an open mind,

catastrophic failures can happen, you want to consider that

If multiple flight systems failed at the same time,

it is possible the problem might have confused the pilots.

The damn thing is still not working

we'll try rebooting it

Hang on, let me take a look.

Is that our altitude

Dammit

But when considering all the facts of Flight 370,

that scenario just doesn't stand up.

The 777 is designed to have multiple back ups

making it extremely unlikely that enough systems could fail to put the flight in jeopardy.

The whole watch-work

is to let these airplanes do much of the work of making sure everything is backed up

including the back ups.

Multiple failures are also hard to reconcile

with the fact that the plane kept flying for 7 hours

It just doesn't seem to fit the evidence we know of the flight.

For investigators like Brenner

the evidence makes it hard to ignore a rare and horrifying possibility...

...that Flight 370 was brought down by a deliberate human act

Two different systems went out at the same time:

the transponder and the ACARS

The only purpose of these systems is to communicate with the ground

and there is no obvious electrical connection by both would be going out...

...other than a human involvement

Everything comes down to deliberate action by somebody for some reason

If MH 370 was brought down on purpose

it wouldn't be the first time for a commercial airliner

There are 6 accidents over the last 40 years around the world

that have aspects of a deliberate action.

In several cases, they appeared to be impulsive

but in 2 cases, it appears that the pilots (although they have psychiatric problems)

they appeared to have careful planning

and deliberately wanted to hide the fact that what they were doing would be a crime.

That was the controversial finding,

made by a team of US investigators after the tragic crash of Silk Air Flight 185.

On December 19th, 1997

the Boeing 737 was flying from Jakarta to Singapore.

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, this is your Captain

My name is Tsu Way Ming

On the flight deck this afternoon with me is First Officer Duncan Ward.

Moments after the crew's last scheduled radio call to Indonesian controllers

the plane banked sharply and went into a steep dive.

There were no survivors.

Searchers manage to recover the Silk Air's FDR and CVR,

but both machines were switched off before the plane went into its fatal dive.

Investigators discover that the pilot, Tsu Way Ming,

had recently lost more than a million dollars in the stock market,

and was scheduled to repay the debt when he got back to Singapore.

Though Indonesian investigators disagree,

US investigators believe the Silk Air captain most likely disabled the flight recorders

and put the plane into a dive...

...killing 97 passengers...

...and 7 crew.

Malaysian 370, maintaining level 35,000 ft

Some experts now believe Flight 370 ...

...was also deliberately brought down.

So, in my mind, somebody did this

and it was a pilot

whether it was one of the two individuals up front who were charged for keeping that plane safe

or whether it was somebody else, we do not know.

Cruising at 35,000 ft...

...the Captain could have found an excuse to get the First officer out of the cockpit.

The Captain of the flight has an authority,

he is the pilot in command of the flight.

He can direct the First Officer to go back to the cabin for various reasons

where as the First Officer can not

So, of the two of them, the Captain would be of greater attention.

Alone in the cockpit,

it would have been simple to switch off the transponder and change course

towards an area with little radar coverage.

Hey, open up in there

A few minutes later, he might have tried to switch off the ACARS

not realizing that a part of the signal would stay on.

You cannot turn off the handshakes

without getting into the electronics of the aircraft itself.

People wouldn't know how to do

Captain!

A pilot can stop the door being opened from the outside

and it is designed to be extremely secure when locked.

The hardened door, no one else is getting in good, bad, or otherwise

So, if a good guy is in there he is locked in

If a bad guy is in there he is in there safe, too

If the Captain of Flight 370 took control of the cockpit

and hijacked his own plane...

...it is unlikely that anyone else on board could have raised an alarm.

As far as communication from an emergency basis from the cabin crew to the ground

you are almost always going to be unsuccessful with a cellphone.

There is no method of just picking up the phone bypassing the cockpit and calling the ground

You are pretty much alone for the ride.

Cabin pressure can be adjusted manually...

...a safety feature in case it malfunctions.

But that also makes it possible to incapacitate everyone else on board.

This one consideration in terms of neutralizing the other crew-member/members

Anyone who is not on oxygen would be vulnerable.

Passengers who managed to put on their masks would have run out of oxygen in about 12 minutes.

With passengers and crew dead,

all that is left is to make the plane disappear.

The flight over the next hour makes several more turns which appear to be human directed

and finally ends up flying in a heading to Antarctica.

So, the appearance is that this is a carefully thought out effort to evade detection.

I feel very very strongly, given all the evidence that we think we have

we always have to put that carefully on it

that whoever did this intended for the airplane and the passengers

to simply vanish from the planet.

If MH370 was in fact brought down on purpose,

one of the most difficult questions to answer...

...is WHY?

Between the 2 pilots, the Captain and the FO,

the First Officer was a exuberant brand-new young pilot

who was getting ready to get married; there were absolutely no error-marks

But you turn to the Captain and there are no marks there either

Malcolm Brenner thinks an event from 1994 may provide some insight.

For me, the clearest model is the FedEx example,

and the only reason we know about that clearly is because it failed.

A FedEx flight engineer at risk for being fired for lying

boarded a DC10 with concealed weapons

He had a history of being quite brilliant

He was an engineer, he had a good Airforce record

but he also had a history of psychiatric problems.

Shortly after take off,

he burst into the cockpit planning to kill the crew and crash the plane.

He almost succeeded.

After a bloody struggle,

the crew managed to restrain their attacker and land the plane.

Malaysia Airlines may be the latest of a small handful of airlines

that have suffered the tragedy of a disturbed pilot,

deliberately setting out to crash a commercial plane.

You can have someone who can have psychiatric motivation

but still be able to cold bloodedly plan in detail a way to commit this kind of effort.

So, I am sorry to say it can happen.

The difficult reality for investigators and airlines alike

is that human failures can be nearly impossible to foresee.

If we are dealing with human beings, we are dealing with imperfect creatures,

that is us.

And we should learn more about the error marks of somebody who might do this

but it is going to be very difficult if not impossible to say:

Yeah, we locked this down, now it can never happen again.

It is possible no one will ever know for certain exactly what happened aboard Flight 370.

But perhaps the most important lesson from this tragedy

has already been learned.

The one lesson that I think immediately comes out of this

is that we got to know where all these airplanes are all the time

and that is very simple to do and very inexpensive

You simply hook a GPS up to one of those transmitters

and in most cases they are already there

and cause it to send its position every 5 or 10 minutes

and make sure that nobody in the airplane can turn it off.

Maybe one of the first things that will happen is that individual airlines will decide:

'We are going to track',

and make that a point of difference in the way they sell the tickets

Maybe another thing that will happen is, that the FAA will simply mandate it.

The whole world has an interest in what happened here

in finding out what happened

so that we can start to prevent it and see that it never happens again.

Narrator: Jonathan Aris

Subtitles Rein Croonen