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During the dictatorship of general Franco, which lasted from 1939-1975,

300 new villages were built.

This settlement project affected approx. 50,000 families.

The official goal by the National Settlement Institute was:

to give the farmers land, to create a new mankind,

a fascist, antiurban and anti-working-class man

who is tied to his land and devoted to the regime.

A regime he owes everything to: house, land and work...

...everything under the control of the party.

In 2008 the filmmakers visit one of those villages.

''Plains of the Caudillo (Führer)''

Which street corner is it in ''Llanos''?

I lived in ''Plains of the Caudillo'' at Plaza of the Caudillo.

We lived there for 38 years.

I live in ''Llanos del Caudillo''. I know what this man did for me.

The good or the bad he has done elsewhere, well, I have to appreciate

what he has done for my village.

The little I know, I don't think you can compare

Hitler to Franco, right?

What should I remember?

Franco died but he should have lived another 100 years.

FRANCO'S SETTLERS

FILM BY THE NATIONAL SETTLEMENT INSTITUTE

SPAIN GETS READY

The way these dams provide water

the water itself needs to be distributed effectively

to make sure it is used efficiently and in the best way possible.

Then you have to calculate the distribution network,

to plan the new villages and roads,

to study the soil

and to start teaching the future irrigation.

That is how a new project for a region begins...

...in a jointly technical effort.

The institute secures all this in reality

to assure that ''Spain gets ready''.

What is that?

These are projects...

...the village's project.

Project for a new community

with 85 settlers and 24 land worker families.

in sector 1 La Mancha, Ciudad Real.

Budgets.

At town hall you told us that you found something?

Yes, it is a village's history without history.

This is our history here.

The village did cost 13,478,589 pesetas and 31 cents.

Santiago, tell us about your discovery.

We had initiated an advanced training program

at what used to be the tree nursery.

And there in the old hen house

lots of documents were found.

Documents from the end of the 50s

with surprising things.

Things we had imagined.

Things we somehow knew

and now with these documents are able to prove.

We knew these things.

This discovery now means that the doors

are open to this problem, which existed

and which was the reality

of the settler's arrival to Llanos.

Something we couldn't prove up until now.

For all interested agricultural laborers:

you receive a house, two cows

and 6 hectare land.

In return you have to work the land for 15 years

and deliver 51% of the harvest to the government.

8 from Mestanza. We were the first.

Another 25 came from Argamasilla,

the most from Alamillo

and some from Tomelloso.

Come on!

They gave us the key and said:

''this is your house''.

Come on!

This is where we should live.

You couldn't enter this place.

Streets were still unfinished.

Vine everywhere.

The entire village was vineyards.

The house without doors and windows.

''Well, here is your house''.

They gave us two cows and a wooden cart,

which we had to share with 4 other people.

I had never seen a bull for plowing.

And the two cows. Gee!

They go to work.

The settler and his wife.

We arrived on April 21st.

I remember that.

I was 26 years old.

I was 27.

Gee, we don't recognize anybody on here.

No one, no one.

Look, what starvelings we were.

The clothing.

We were poor when we arrived here.

Here we have to fight to stay alive.

That was the question to ask ourselves,

because this was a rocky desert.

Did you ever doubt?

Never. I saw this could be a ''garden''.

They gave us the cows. ''Here is your land''.

One needs strength.

You have to go back to 1955.

What were the conditions in 1955?

For 16 years Spain has suffered a military dictatorship

under General Franco.

Every year on April 1st the fascist victory

over democracy is celebrated.

Spain has reached an economic low.

In no other European country are there

so many illiterates and day laborers.

The plan to turn Spain into an autarkic agrarian state has failed.

A brutal repression apparatus keeps things quiet.

Between 1939-1945 alone 50,000 people are executed,

thousands are tortured,

put in concentration camps,

imprisoned or put into forced labor,

only because they opposed the military coup of July 1936,

or formed part of a union, party

or democratically elected city council.

Those who could left the country.

The achievements of the first Spanish democracy,

the 8 hour work day, social security,

education for everybody, women's rights,

a constitutional system,

regional autonomy,

and necessary land reform,

everything what makes a modern state

is abolished by Franco.

The land is taken away from the farmers

and given back to the great land owners.

In 1939 the settlement institute is created.

It will be the organization with the most power

within Franco's agrarian policy.

The Franco regime doesn't invent anything new.

They adopt the previous efforts

already undertaken during the Republic by Prieto in 1932

and international experiences, such as, the Bonifica Italiana.

In the context of the Cold War

and the fight between communism and capitalism

Spain obtains an important significance

for the USA.

The principle enemy is communism.

It doesn't matter whether there is democracy

or a fascist dictatorship.

Franco is more important as an ally than as a fascist.

The USA fully recognize Spain as a state.

Eisenhower visits and gives the official embrace.

Spain was not part of the Marshall Plan.

But there was another system for US aid,

which facilitated the access to subsidies and loans,

the acquisition of equipment for the industrialization

and most of the machinery for the construction of an infrastructure.

And one of the destinations will be the settlement villages.

AMERICAN TECHNICIANS VISIT SETTLEMENT INSTALLATIONS

14 NEW VILLAGES NAMED AFTER FRANCO

We buy your woolen mattress,

change it for one out of foam.

That makes a difference.

Attention, Señoras, our van is full of

the most current mattress brands

at wholesale prices.

To come to a completely new village where astonishingly

you didn't have to get water from the fountain,

we had drinking water.

''Look, what is that?'' ''I don't know.''

''It is a faucet. Have you never seen one?''

The first impression was good.

But during everyday life we realized

that the promised paradise vanished into thin air.

We saw that the reality was quite different.

NEW LIFE

The regime charged everything with an enormous rhetoric:

''the Spanish farmer'', ''the race'',

characteristic of fascism,

where the racial and moral virtues of the fatherland lie.

This you can see when it comes to the selection of the settlers.

They needed a certificate of good conduct and moral aptitudes.

That meant that anybody with a democratic past was relegated

so that communities were created

with good Catholics and good nationalists.

The mayor was the local chief of the single political party.

First it was ''Falange'', later the ''National Movement''.

The Falange, modeled after Germany and Italy,

is the fascist single party,

besides the military and the church one of the pillars of the regime.

In the Civil War it was responsible for countless assassinations.

In Manzanares they propose you for mayor. Why?

I don't know. I didn't know anybody there.

Probably because of my personal record.

In a small village you can't really know.

Each Spaniard had to prove through a police certificate

on which side he had fought during the Civil War.

Juan Aranda had fought on the fascist side.

He is described as an ex-combatant

and a fanatic of the National Cause.

José María del Moral was the one who convinced me.

He was the first governor.

Utrera later appointed me.

THE GOVERNOR APPOINTS MAYOR IN LLANOS DEL CAUDILLO

Do you remember the appointment?

No, those were bureaucratic events I paid little attention to.

I don't remember it.

The Governor had extraordinary powers.

He was everything. He had an authority,

a delegated power, that was extraordinarily huge.

He was the direct representative of the regime?

Yes, of the regime.

I always told Franco, I serve the ''Movement'',

but I won't renounce my position as a ''Falangist''.

I was born a Falangist at age 9

and will die as one, when God calls me.

The Catholic Church is the second important pillar of the dictatorship.

Enemy of democracy

and concerned about its privileges and land

the Church supported the military coup of 1936

and defined it as a crusade against the nonbelievers.

THE PATRIOTIC CATECHISM

SANCTIFICATION OF THE CHURCH IN LLANOS DEL CAUDILLO

When did you arrive in Llanos?

I was sent to Llanos, I think, it was on June 1st

because on June 15th the bishop sanctified the church.

We finished the mass,

ate with the civil authorities

and those of the settlement institute.

Both the village and I, it was my first village as a priest,

the emotion and joy was immense inside me.

I became one of them

to purge them

to instill Christ's spirit and guide them a little.

It had to be that way.

That was my duty as a missionary.

Look, how the ''chiefs'' arrive with their cars.

The clothes of these gentlemen

we never ever had.

Of course they dressed better than we did.

It was my first job within the settlement institute.

Was it passion for the job?

Tradition.

My father also was an agronomist for the institute.

I liked the work where

you were in direct contact with the farmer.

The construction sites,

all that I liked when I saw my dad's activities.

Why is Llanos built where it was built?

The reason is that they detected subterranean water.

They made exploration drilling.

And indeed, there was ground water.

So it was extracted.

The canals you see in the village they were all full of water.

That came to an end. The wells are empty.

There was the well #101,

at the time the only one with a sprinkler system.

They said technically it delivered 20 liters per second.

The ''chiefs'' we had made our lives impossible.

We had to plant white beans now by the end of July.

The same with the corn.

So we didn't harvest the first year,

nor the next one. And again nothing.

We said this is not working.

Lots of injustices that occurred.

Many bad and ugly things.

Myself I once discussed with the engineer here.

Well, I talked to him.

Not a discussion.

I only said I didn't like the orders they gave.

I said: ''I came here as a settler to cultivate my land''.

They appointed 4 people every day

to do services.

One day they send me to clean a ditch.

The ditch you see along our road.

To clean the weeds out of it.

I said: ''I am no road builder.''

They gave me 4 reprimands.

Because I refused to do that work.

Was it like before? They were the masters?

Yes, but worse.

This was like a concentration camp here.

You had to shut up.

You couldn't do what you wanted to do.

We had to do what they ordered us to do.

For how many years?

For many, many years.

For more than 30 years.

The overseers lived in the village?

Yes, one lived at the corner here.

What was the relationship like with the settlers...?

Very good.

Below the engineer there was 3 technical overseers in Llanos.

Those were scroungers

who sponged off at the expense of the settlers.

We had to plant them things... There was enough land.

They planted where most of the water was.

Then they said: ''Hey, you, plant beans or corn over there.''

And we had to plant it for them.

The harvest of course was only for them.

That was damn unfair.

They controlled the settlers

in their everyday lives.

What was the production? What was the dedication to work like?

This is a note by the overseer with his signature on it.

Today I visited the land of Casco Carrasco,

but the settler was not there.

They ''visited'' him every day.

On the 3rd, 4th and 5th of August.

In the end he was expelled from the village.

The note is right over there.

He didn't produce the minimum

they demanded from him.

The harvest evaluation was fundamental to them.

The settlers had to hand over 51% of the harvest to the institute.

They were the ones responsible

that sometimes the 51% turned into 60% or 65%.

They were very mischievous

when it came to the harvest evaluation.

Back then we watered with small canals,

with furrows.

By the furrows where the water was running constantly

you had a better harvest.

When they evaluated the harvest

they took samples where the most water was.

Then they translated the result

onto the entire plantation.

Of course now the harvest was larger

than it was in reality.

What counted was the evaluation by the overseers.

In the first 5 years the settler was very much in custody.

After that a new phase began...

In the first years there was no amortization.

After 5 years the amortization of the land and house began.

That took up 25, 20, 25 years.

That was a long period for paying off the debts.

Because of this situation

the settler never felt like a landowner. He felt like a sharecropper.

Legally he was an owner.

In practice he was a sharecropper

because he had to follow the strict rules

of the settlement institute.

The settler had to give to the institute...

Most of the cultivation was corn.

The settlers handed over the corn

and the institute stored it.

The institute then resold it.

The corn now belonged to the institute

as payment for what the institute

over the period of one year had provided to the settler.

That means the institute functioned like a ''company''?

No, because... Let's see, like a ''company''?

Once the corn had been sold it was credited to the settler.

At the same price the institute obtained?

Sure, sure.

What these documents prove,

is that the institute, the ''company'',

they call it the ''company'' in the documents,

that the ''company'' at the time resold the pepper

at 4.50 pesetas

and the settlers were paid 2 pesetas.

That meant a pretty big profit for the ''company''?

Just imagine, this way for instance

the ''company'' could declare as profits...

The thing with the ''company'' has to be stressed.

The naming shocked me.

At the end of the 50s the ''company'' made about 3.5 million pesetas.

That was a huge amount of money.

That is the social idea

''they'' wanted to show to the country

or to whomever in the world,

the initiative and activity

under which these villages began is far away from any reality.

It has not the least to do with what they presumed it to be.

On the contrary, it was a business.

On one occasion Franco comes to visit.

He was hunting with the Pakistani president at Mudela.

But I was not there.

I didn't witness that.

In other villages, yes.

And that was unbelievable.

People acclaimed him.

That was not organized.

It was spontaneous.

At the bullfights for example, the ovation was overwhelming.

At Las Ventas, at the Maestranza, everywhere he went

people loved Franco.

PROPAGANDA FILM

His Excellency visits the irrigation areas in El Bierzo

and the settlement villages:

Bárcena del Caudillo with 40 homes,

Posada del Bierzo with 24

and the expansions of Fuentesnuevas with 17.

All these communities are perfectly equipped.

Their buildings and temples are modern and comely.

The villages own machinery that the settlers can rent.

Don José María Pastor,

the director of the settlement institute

came and said to me:

''Franco and the Pakistani president

are coming to hunt at Mudela''.

I came to know it through Juan Aranda

who was the first authority there.

We bought him a gold medal,

which we wanted to hand over to him in Llanos.

He should stop and from the balcony...

...of city hall greet Llanos del Caudillo,

directly there or inside the church.

Logically at city hall

because not many people fit into church.

We had to stand in line at the plaza behind me.

It was probably after lunchtime...

I don't exactly remember when but Franco came by night.

We had been waiting the entire evening.

And since the mules had no lights back then

we finally saw the lights in the distance.

''They are coming. There is the light''.

Everybody hoping to see Franco.

He passed through Llanos del Caudillo, without getting off.

We applauded and nothing happened.

The medal was to be brought later to Madrid.

But that didn't happen either.

We don't know whatever happened to the medal.

That is the story...

Yes, and it is true.

Was it a disappointment for people?

Damn Franco! That much he loved us.

After passing through the village named after him

in 1959 the Caudillo visits his own grave,

the largest fascist monument ever built.

Completion time: 20 years.

The expenses exceed by far

the state budgets for education and employment

in spite of having used political prisoners.

The country is bankrupt. People starve.

Franco's sole interest is

to commemorate the ''glorious victory''.

His Excellency and his wife leave the temple,

inaugurated on the 20th anniversary of victory,

and in which a funeral service has been held.

From the esplanade

he speaks to the Falangists:

our war was not a common civil conflict but a true ''crusade'',

which at the time was ratified by the Pope,

a heroic epic of a new and for us significant independence.

During our crusade

there was much providence and something miraculous.

Only this way you can explain the decisive aid given

by the divine protection during many strokes of fate.

Franco says: it is your task

that your children and future generations

will get drummed into the reason

for ''our permanent movement''

to fulfill the holy mandate of our dead.

In class students have to learn:

I WORSHIP MY LEADER;

I WILL SACRIFICE MY LIFE FOR HIM

IF HE DEMANDS IT FROM ME.

There was a political and ideological exertion of influence over the youth.

There was the Youth Front, the youth organization for boys.

And the ''Sección Femenina'' for girls.

Both under the control of Falange.

The ''Sección Femenina'' also traveled in trucks.

The references came from Germany and Italy.

That is something I will never forget,

those señoritas of ''Sección Femenina''

that went from village to village.

What they did was to prepare people mentally

to put them into their system.

The woman‘s mission is to serve.

When God created man, he said:

Man shouldn't be alone. He created the woman to serve and be a mother.

''Sección Femenina'', political education for 8th grade in 1962.

It is absurd.

That women were subdued. That was the case.

From that fact stems a lot of the problems we are having now.

Do you remember these books?

The first ones we had.

Here are three of the teachers.

Colleague Jesús.

My husband.

This is the priest.

In his efforts to try to get the settlers to form a community

the priest is supported by the new school.

Inés Cortés, from which village did you come from?

Orellanita.

That is in the mountains?

Yes, ma'am.

Did you go to school there?

No, ma'am.

Which house do you like better, the old or the new one here?

The new one here.

Do you know to whom we owe the nice new houses?

To our ''Generalísimo'', the head of state.

At the beginning children were forced to go to church.

A child that didn't go was punished the next day.

And that did hurt your soul?

Certainly, because I am catholic,

but out of conviction and not by force.

This handwriting I know very well.

It is the one from Don Jesús Cano Cano.

He was my teacher.

Jesús Cano Cano told us how stupid some of the settlers were.

Of course, the settlers were not important.

The church, yes. But not the settlers.

This man was a ''National Teacher''.

He didn't belong to the less strict ones.

I remember his style of teaching.

In winter, well,

my mom didn't buy me gloves, because...

For potatoes, yes, we had money.

But for gloves, no. You always had cold fingers.

When we got to school in the morning there was this long wooden ruler.

We had to put our hands like ''this''.

And he would beat us on the fingernails.

At 20 I finished university.

Did the purge law affect you?

No.

The only thing we had to do was a course at the Youth Front.

That you needed for your application.

Did the teachers believe in the ideological content?

I believe that yes.

I am convinced that yes.

You can't drum certain ideas into someone,

the way they did at the time,

if you are not fully convinced of them yourself.

At first you had to sing the national anthem

and pray an ''Ave Maria''.

At the entrance you had to pray and hoist the flag.

In the evening we stroke the flag.

And the fascist hymn?

We had to sing it too.

They had ''brainwashed'' us. We lived in a dictatorship.

That they do in all dictatorships not only under Franco.

You have to do what they tell you to do.

If they taught us too much

maybe we would have become too intelligent.

And wanted to bury the regime.

Certainly they were against that.

For the same reason they didn't inform us

about how other people lived outside of Spain.

Maybe we could have demanded the same at a certain time.

They didn't want that to happen.

So they taught us how to read,

how to add and subtract and little more.

April 1962.

7 years ago the first settlers arrived in Llanos del Caudillo.

For the first time the Holy Week is celebrated.

Simultaneously in Asturias a general strike takes place.

It quickly extents all over Spain. 300,000 workers join in.

They are led by the illegal socialist and communist unions.

Hundreds of workers are imprisoned and tortured. 100 are deported.

Pictures or film material barely exists because it is not allowed

to report about dissatisfied or tortured workers.

The dictatorship imposes emergency rule.

Emergency rule can't avoid that in June 1962

118 politicians of the opposition travel to Munich

to attend the 4th congress of the ''European Movement'',

a forum, which discusses the conditions

of a possible Spanish entry into the European Community.

For the first time after the Civil War the Spanish opposition meets in public.

At the end of the congress a resolution is passed.

To be admitted into the EEC Spain has to meet the following:

the reintroduction of all democratic freedoms under renunciation of violence.

The socialist Llopis says: ''The Civil War is over at last''.

For Franco the Civil War is never over.

He starts a campaign to disqualify the Munich attendees.

Once back in Spain some of them are imprisoned.

Enraged Franco supporters threaten to kill them.

Hang the Munich people!

This is the palace of justice in Madrid.

As if a scapegoat was needed the president of the communist party,

Julian Grimau, is sentenced to death.

The international protests are ignored by Franco and his ministers.

One year after the strike in Asturias

Grimau is assassinated by the Spanish government.

But the social conflicts continue.

In 1963 a new repression subdivision is created:

the Court of Public Order,

a sort of security police that persecutes and tortures

anybody who opposes the Franco regime.

Surprisingly in Llanos we had people

that had been persecuted politically for years

and later came here as settlers.

There were those settlers who were presumed of being settler friends

and then controlled their fellow settlers for 24 hours a day.

After the war he was imprisoned for his political views.

For six months.

We barely had arrived when the ''couple'' showed up.

The ''couple''?

The couple of the Civil Guard.

He had to report to the police in Manzanares

whenever they demanded it from him.

Once they offered him a simple life

and asked him to become a snitch.

He rejected that.

''I wasn't born a traitor''.

We always said that if anything happens here,

he will be the first one they'll suspect.

He and another man who lived right at the corner.

He spent many, many years in prison.

He was from Mestanza.

We called him Pacito.

He and my dad were like brothers.

Often they met to listen to that radio station.

It was this radio station, TV wasn't around yet.

It was called ''La Pirenaica'',

Dolores Ibárruri (La Pasionaria) spoke on it.

At my parent's house we could receive it.

But only when

''everybody else had left this world already''.

At night, very, very late.

With the volume very low.

If you heard a noise from the street or someone knocked on the door

then you had to change the station right away.

You are listening to ''Radio Independent Spain''.

Students and the most important intellectuals

were in solidarity with the strikers.

Publicly and openly they demanded

that the regime needs to change its dictatorial methods.

In the 50s and 60s the World Bank

really got down to business and wrote a report

about the economic situation in Spain and described it as a catastrophe.

Spain was deficient in its industrial development

and would need to increase it.

The burden of the settlement project

with its large constructions and watering systems,

all that wouldn't work.

The regime changes its economical direction.

It increases the industrialization,

which leads to an economic improvement.

It comes in handy that laborers are cheap and without any rights.

Between 1955 and 1965 the number of tourists

increases from 1.5 to 14 million.

While the tourists provide the dictatorship with capital

almost 2 million Spaniards leave the country

for political or economic reasons

trying their luck abroad, many times in Germany.

The regime benefits twice:

in Spain unemployment decreases

and the emigrants send money to their families.

I came here to visit my brother Vicente.

He was studying here in Münster.

Back then it was no problem to find a job.

At the first construction site I found

I could start immediately.

They were looking for people everywhere.

At the same time I went to school

to get ready for the engineering school.

He often spoke of his mother

and particularly of his brother Joaquín.

In summer of 1963 we went to Alamillo.

I thought if he was going to marry a foreign girl

and he loved his mother so much

then she should have the right to know me first.

When we arrived in his village

his mom came, in my opinion an old lady.

A granny dressed in black with white hair and a bun.

Manolo said: ''This is my mother''.

For me this was a new world.

There was no water in the house.

There was nothing you could call a toilet.

I thought, my God.

How I gonna survive this?

We also visited ''Llanos''.

Yes, we went there too.

So for me it was no shock:

''Oh, Germany very progressive and rich

and Spain such a poor country''.

I knew that people were having a hard time.

Some people in my village asked

how long the boat trip would take to get to Germany.

People couldn't even imagine

where Germany was.

For me it wasn't like I was visiting a Third World Country.

I visited my home.

Each year it went a bit better in Spain.

Certainly in the 60s there is economic development.

But firstly the development is much smaller

than in the neighboring countries

and secondly this development has had its social price.

A social price...

...and I am not talking about prisons and constraints of freedom, that as well,

I mean a social price you can measure by emigration.

THE SETTLERS LEAVE THE VILLAGE

My God!

These are those who left. These here in 1964.

We had talked about it. These left in 1964.

Everybody left. I do remember them all.

In the end the settlement projects

won't avoid the collapse in the countryside.

Between 1940 and 1980 Castile-La Mancha

loses 1 million people.

1 million people.

Some go to foreign countries,

others to the Mediterranean coast,

Madrid, Catalonia and the Basque Country.

And there they claim things

they weren't allowed to claim here.

In the countryside,

both, the church and the ''National Movement''

distress people.

It is always easier

to claim things in larger cities.

Many of the union activists within CCOO and UGT

come from these provinces here.

Here they weren't allowed to demand,

there in spite of problems, anonymously they demand

and organize themselves and often are imprisoned.

In 1970 Llanos del Caudillo

celebrates its 15th anniversary.

Only 1/3 of the village is inhabited.

Simultaneously the student protests keep growing drastically.

The kids of the ruling class rebel against their parents.

Besides the workers the regime loses part of the young generation.

The regime's answer is the use of brutal force.

Some people die.

These images were filmed secretly and forbidden.

Was this in the papers?

No, but we got to know through word of mouth.

There was always a student who would visit

and tell us about what was happening.

I was 14 when I started

with the youth movement here in Llanos.

It was difficult

to organize anything, no matter what kind of movement.

We created our own association

with ''internal'' articles of course.

We reached a big number of people.

We had to be clever.

What we did is we camouflaged ourselves.

We organized so-called ''Fiestas Guateques''.

We believed that another life was possible.

People with ideas couldn't realize them.

Somewhere you should be able to realize them, right?

We had to try it.

The opposition gets organized.

The calling for democracy becomes louder.

The dictatorship answers with emergency rule, prison and torture.

Most groups want a peaceful change.

Smaller groups animated by repression are using violence.

Besides the workers also the Catholic Church dissociates itself.

By now Franco is 78 and sick.

What he most likes is hunting,

here very close to Llanos del Caudillo.

Next to him you see Américo Thomaz,

the head of state of Portugal.

The crisis of both dictatorships

probably won't matter during this hunting spree.

Who knows? Maybe they talk about potential successors.

In the name of God and the holy gospel,

do you swear loyalty

to his Excellency, the head of state,

and faith to the principles of the ''National Movement'',

and the other fundamental laws?

Yes, I swear loyalty to the head of state,

to the principles of the ''National Movement''

and the other fundamental laws.

The nomination of Prince Juan Carlos

is supposed to assure the continuity of the dictatorship.

Nobody knows the Prince plays a dangerous double-cross.

As well during his first visit to West-Germany in 1972.

President Heinemann wasn't very pleased

to welcome a pro-Franco Prince.

Surprisingly a stimulating conversation arises

and Heinemann asks the Prince about the political future of Spain.

''Mr. President, I want to be the king of a republic''.

But in Spain the dictatorship keeps reigning.

The crisis is confronted by a government reshuffle.

Carrero Blanco the most powerful man after Franco

is appointed prime minister.

These men here haven't been elected democratically.

Utrera Molina who 18 years ago inaugurated Llanos

is appointed housing minister.

Like all ministers he swears his absolute fidelity to the Caudillo

and to the criminal principles of July 18th 1936.

I identify myself 100%

with the political work of the Caudillo.

My loyalty is absolute, clear and clean.

CARRERO BLANCO ASSASSINATED

They kill Carrero.

President Arias calls and tells me:

you will be minister of ''The Movement''.

I answered, no.

Because I knew what it meant.

Well, Franco wants you to be it.

Always when I talked to Franco it was awful.

I told him the truth about what was happening.

I told him, nothing will be the way how he planned it.

After your death your successor

won't continue your work.

What you say is very serious.

Yes, it is serious but it is true.

And I have to tell you the truth.

It is also true that Franco's council of ministers

of which Utrera Molina is a member

confirms two death penalties.

For the murder the state uses the medieval ''garrote''.

The victims are the Catalan Puig Antich

and the German Georg Michael Welzel.

What seemed inconceivable for Franco's Spain

on April 25th, 1974 occurs.

In Portugal the military is joined by the population

and proclaim the peaceful Carnation Revolution.

Prime minister Caetano and Américo Thomaz,

ex-president and Franco's hunting pal,

are sent into exile the same day.

50 years of dictatorship are swept away in one day.

The 3rd Republic is proclaimed.

When in April of 1974 the Carnation Revolution occurred

what did that mean

for the Spanish opposition?

It was a revolution of expectations.

It was like ''yes-it-can-be-done''.

Franco was sick, out of the game so to speak.

There was a lot of excitement.

From there on things accelerated with e.g. the ''Junta Democrática'',

the ''Plataforma Democrática'' and later the ''PlataJunta''.

The same I just experienced in Tunisia.

Some things are just universal.

The images from Portugal are not shown in Spain.

Too big is the fear of a popular uprising.

Only 3 days after the peaceful revolution

Utrera Molina glorifies in front of 20,000 fanatics

the military coup of July 18th, 1936.

It is the only and unalterable version of history

the dictatorship permits.

THESE COMRADES WON'T FORGET THEIR FALLEN SOLDIERS

TO DEFEND SPAIN WE ALL NEED TO BE SOLDIERS

Arriba España!

In September of 1975

Franco's illness can't be hidden anymore.

The country faces a crisis.

When on September 26th

the council of ministers pronounces 5 death penalties

worldwide protests arise.

Most of the democratic countries withdraw their ambassadors.

And for the first time Spaniards in Spain protest against the sentences.

Here you see the answer of the regime.

For the last time Franco rallies his supporters

on October 1, 1975, the official ''Day of the Caudillo''.

''A unified Spain will never be destroyed''.

Attention!

Attention!

Spanish people! Attention!

He is going to speak

his Excellency, the head of state.

Everything in Spain obeys

a Masonic left-wing conspiracy

within the political class

in conjunction,

in conjunction

with a communist and terrorist subversion within the social territory.

It is obvious that being a Spaniard in these days is important again.

Arriba España!

Long live Spain!

Whatever country you are from!

Long live Spain!

Death to Europe! Sons of a Bitch!

Whilst the old Spain seems to hate Europe

Prince Juan Carlos travels all over Spain

to get to know his people.

Simultaneously and secretly he organizes the political change.

In October of 1975 he visits Llanos del Caudillo.

Back then they promoted him.

In the beginning they had to promote him at those places

where Franco's figure as ''Redeemer of the World''

was the most substantial and important thing.

They wanted to let us know

that this wasn't the end.

The cow keeps producing milk.

It was in October,

the year when I got married.

That day we didn't go to harvest grapes.

We waited for him on the soccer field.

He came by helicopter.

He covered us with dust. It was a very dry day.

The entire village was there, more or less.

And many people from outside.

It was pretty good.

People applauded.

He walked down the street where the ''Sección Femenina'' used to be.

People walked behind him shouting ''Long live...''

Did anybody shout ''Long live Franco''?

No, I remember some people shouting:

''A unified Spain will never be destroyed''.

A man went to greet him.

He said: ''Let's see

if you raise our pension''.

I remember it perfectly. The elder people

had been taking tractor driving lessons.

He came to hand over the licenses.

Joaquín had a...

He too was a photographer. Well, an amateur.

He had a camera and made pictures.

The mayor had asked my sister and another girl

to dress like a ''Manchega''

and give him a present.

Dressed like that they gave him the present.

How would you describe the difference

between the preparation for Franco's visit

and the one by the Prince?

We didn't have to stand in line.

That was the biggest difference.

They told us at what time he would arrive

and we just went shortly before.

The kids didn't need to stand in line.

No flags, no nothing.

By that time we had progressed a little.

The overseers were gone.

They had abandoned us a bit

and the wind blew from

a slightly different direction.

When the Prince came we said:

''Look, the Prince is visiting Llanos''.

Not like with Franco.

This was ''normal''.

Something big, but it was ''more normal''.

I can't see this.

It is Mannheim.

The week of Franco's death.

Did people know that the Prince

was playing a double cross?

Yes, people knew.

It was the Prince who was asked

to get me a special passport

to travel to the congress of the Social Democratic Party.

It was not easy and happened through the Prince.

The Prince agreed to prepare these things

because he approved of it.

FRANCO HAS DIED NOVEMBER 20, 1975

That night I was a private

and in charge of weapons and ammunition.

Me and another private

had to load all night magazines with bullets.

Because they were so afraid of

a possible ''national uprising''.

You better get ready.

What were your thoughts? Franco dies.

What did it mean for you personally?

I think it was one of the happiest nights in my life.

Even though paradoxically I had to load magazines.

Finally you see fulfilled

what for many years you had been fighting for.

Since childhood basically.

Suddenly you see the light. The horizon gets closer.

Now it can spread out.

Join us at Theater Ideal at 12:00 to listen to the political alternatives,

which the candidates have to offer after 40 years of enforced silence.

1977, I remember the agitation.

Dolores Ibárruri comes back from exile, etc.

My mother in law and an older neighbor came to my home.

I was with my baby then. They said: ''Be quiet''.

Because they were afraid.

The many parties that presented themselves...

...UCD who knows who else... They said:

''Problems will arise. Only one person can give orders''.

Now all want to be in charge.

''That causes problems''. I said: ''You are silly''.

When it came down to vote...

My dad never missed an election.

He said: ''You got to vote''.

The ideas have to be respected

and each person shall have the right to express them...

The paradox is that during the first democratic elections

and during all up until now

in the settlement villages the leftist parties always obtain the majority.

They asked me as a sociologist within the institute to do a survey

about the voting behavior in the settlement villages.

They wanted to know how could it be

that people who had received house and land from Franco

now voted for the left?

That is tough to explain

without compromising oneself.

Partly it was because of the repression they had to suffer

and the coercions they had to live trough.

It was their way of expressing

that they weren't content.

And since this was a secret vote

they could open their mouths.

It was the first time they were allowed

to have an opinion without being identified.

My explanation,

which is not scientific, it is pure intuition, is,

that in the rural areas within a rapidly urbanizing Spain

existed the largest historic memory.

We benefited from the historic memory.

I noticed that when I visited the villages.

It was said, that at some places

socialists crawled up from underneath the stones.

They had passed the historic memory on to their children.

We had to wait with our rallies until it was dark.

Before it wasn't dark people wouldn't enter the hall.

They saw the ''police couple'' and...

People were afraid?

Absolutely.

In the cities there was less fear. But in the villages...

...you had to wait until 21:30 even though it started at 20:00.

People waited for the darkness to be not recognized.

Then they entered the local movie theater.

You could feel the fear. That was evident.

Why...

...did people change?

I don't know exactly, but I think, they were fed up with repression.

People supposed, well, if we change, then let's change.

Maybe that was the reason.

I thought exactly that, let's change because I didn't like what I had lived.

And I ran for the village council.

I started as a councilor and that's what I do up to this day.

The new council members

do what in 39 years of dictatorship was forbidden

and only can be done in a democracy.

They officially complain.

They want to know what will happen with the promised land and house.

What happened in the first years of democracy?

Let's say by then the settler was responsible for himself.

There was a transition within the institute.

The settlement institute had disappeared.

The successive institute as well.

Everything was passed on

to the current Community Board

And those we protested to but without any sort of documentation.

Therefore it was extremely difficult

to channel the issue.

However, on February 23rd of 1981

the Spanish process of democratization falters.

Don Carlos Arravete Medino

No.

Don Manuel Nuñez del Cabo...

Something...

...at this moment... one could hear a gunshot.

We heard a gunshot?

We don't know what it was. A shot.

The Civil Guard is entering parliament.

A lieutenant colonel enters the tribune armed with a pistol.

He aims at...

It is a Civil Guard and he aims at...

More policemen enter.

They aim at the parliament's president.

We see... Attention, the police...

Everybody on the floor!

We can't retransmit anymore because we are held at gunpoint.

They have machine guns.

On the floor!

If you try to touch the camera I am going to kill you.

We thought a lot of weird stuff. I won't tell you all of it.

We thought what will happen now?

The majority...

We didn't know how much the military was involved.

Those give the orders and shoot you to death.

You have to obey, otherwise they shoot.

Naturally I wasn't part of that.

I personally got to know the people

who formed part of the military coup.

Very righteous people...

...and clean.

This has been the second attempt

of a military coup after Franco's death.

18 months later, one day before general elections,

on October 27th of 1982,

there is a violent attempt to prevent

the victory by the socialist party.

The young Spanish democracy has not yet been consolidated.

Gonzalez wins the elections by a large majority.

Look, I want you to see

that my smile is one of preoccupation.

I wished someone would analyze this.

I watched the people on the streets.

There were not many people.

You figure there should have been a burst of joy

with many people in the streets.

That didn't happen.

Let's say, in the streets there was...

less than 10% of the people

when Mitterand won the election in Paris.

Were people afraid?

What?

Why?

There was lots of precaution.

The surprise of a large majority

awoke a huge expectation, which people decided

to experience quietly at home.

It was something that people perceived...

I'd like to tell you that this intuition was correct.

The attempted coups

in 1981 and the one on October 27, 1982

wanted to avoid the victory by the left.

The profound motive was exactly that.

''Well, we didn't win a civil war in vain''?

In May of 1985 shortly before the adhesion to the EC

was the last attempt of a military coup.

Spain and Portugal join officially the European Community

on June 12, 1985.

40 years of isolation are over.

During Felipe Gonzalez' presidencies

Spanish democracy is consolidated at last.

It meant the by far most substantial and positive development

for the Spanish people in the 20th century.

Also in 1985, Llanos del Caudillo

celebrates its 30th anniversary.

Here Santiago Sanchez enters from the right.

He was the second democratic mayor.

Here we see Juan Aranda,

the former fascist mayor. He officiates a tribute.

Here we see Carlos Delgado, the former agronomist

who was and still is in charge of the settler's bookkeeping.

Here Mari, Joaquin's wife, enters the picture.

The one who is smiling at the camera.

She watches how some settlers receive

medals for ''exceptional achievements''.

For Wenceslao Chamero

and Juan Aranda.

Then it is Joaquin Romano's turn. He is Mari's father-in-law.

The question when and how ''land and house''

officially will be transferred to the settlers remains unsolved.

You found a real treasure? The ''Settler Books''.

These are the ''Settler Books''. There are exactly 91.

The sharecropping statements you meant.

Here are the pages.

All of them empty.

Nothing is written on them.

In none of the books?

No, no, all pages are blank.

How did the settler know how much he had harvested

if he didn't have a bank account

where he could see the receipts of payment?

Simply by asking.

Sure, but only the one who controlled the books did know it.

We never knew what we owed,

what we did own or what we had paid.

My father died without knowing. And he had tried.

The majority of settlers died saying with anger:

''Damn, I won't be able to have my kids inherit this''.

Because they never received the title deed - until now.

There we have a newspaper,

in which José María Barreda

the current president of The Community Board

handed over the first title deeds.

Newspaper ''Lanza'' from April 13th, 2003 writes:

''Barreda hands over the first title deeds to the settlers in Llanos''.

The first 80 title deeds were handed over

on April 13th, 2003.

In 1955 arrived the first settlers.

I cried with rage thinking of my father and other settlers like him.

They were slaving away until death.

They were not allowed to see written on a piece of paper:

''This is mine''.

''This is what I have worked for''.

''My sweat is on this piece of paper''.

Most of them died without that gratification.

The only information we received

was the one they controlled:

Newsreel and National Radio.

That's what they sold us and people believed it.

''Oh, how nice, some poor families

and they gave them everything for free''.

There are still people who are telling you that.

''They gave you land and a house''.

These documents prove that all that is false.

What does this mean for you personally?

You said you somehow had known it?

It is a huge satisfaction.

Nobody can now tell me these empty stories anymore. Lies!

It is all lies they have been telling us about ''our history''.

Now we can say loud and clear:

This is the village's reality.

Not the one they had been trying to convince us of.

This is ''our history''.

In Manzanares apples,

in Membrilla quinces

and the best melons in ''Llanos del Caudillo''.

The county's size measures approx. 45 square kilometers.

40 - 50 square kilometers.

Probably because of the water, the soil and the sun

very good melons grow here.

They have a high quality.

I'd say they are the best in Spain.

Everybody says that.

During harvest everybody comes here to buy.

When you sell your products

the name ''Caudillo'' has caused any problems?

At many places it is a shock.

At some they even reject you outright.

You say ''Llanos del Caudillo''

and they repeat ''of the Caudillo'' and think you are a right-winger.

Whether you are or not.

There is an aversion at some places.

There are truck drivers who had to erase the name from the truck

because they had delivery problems.

Then there are other drivers who carry the name with pride.

Each to his own.

During my first council years I kept demanding

a name change for the village.

At some point it became just picturesque.

I accepted, ok, this is ''our history''.

It was a little picturesque

and I had capitulated somehow.

I gave it less importance.

Now it was something peculiar, that stood out.

Of course only if people and opinions

were not supporting Franco.

Therefore the proposal was a surprise.

I was having coffee with Santiago

He said: ''Ana, what if we change the name

for the 50th anniversary of the village''?

Gee, I had been wanting this for many years. Brilliant!

''So let's do it then''.

ANUS OF THE CAUDILLO

PLAZA OF THE CONSTITUTION

We always had been saying

that we would ask the villagers

if we wanted to change the name,

or better said, to get rid of the last name.

In 2004 you had elections

to change the name of the village?

Yes...

That didn't happen and will never happen.

Chamero, go over there next to the banner.

SANTIAGO, YOU BETRAYED US AFTER WE HAD VOTED FOR YOU.

Llanos del Caudillo? Llanos del Caudillo!

Llanos del Caudillo or only Llanos?

All life long Llanos del Caudillo. This village has its roots.

Llanos del Caudillo is Llanos del Caudillo.

It is Llanos del Caudillo as long as I live. End of story.

People were very aggressive. I heard people say:

''Those people imprisoned by Franco they really deserved it''.

''To me they never did anything because I was not guilty''.

Suddenly I heard things I never expected to be hearing.

I thought people defended the name because it always had been the name.

Now all of a sudden they said: ''It doesn't matter''.

Of course that's not my opinion.

There were many people that remembered the ''Caudillo''.

It was Franco who had given them everything.

After the vote was over

some people got up and yelled at me:

''You are the worst, get out of the village''!

At one point we thought

they gonna lynch us. It was very aggressive.

I felt horrible about all this.

The whole idea of tolerance and openness.

I was always so proud of my village.

Suddenly I thought, damn,

in what kind of village do I live?

How can such a situation happen?

One thing I will never forget.

2 kids I used to have in school,

by then they were 18, 20 years old.

Passionately they said:

''Franco, that is what we need''!

''This here has been created by Franco.

Franco, always Franco''.

I came here as a teacher in the school year 1986/87.

It was a brutal shock.

It was going back to the school of my childhood.

I think, there was already the King's picture.

But the ones of Franco weren't too far.

The first school book texts during democracy

barely mentioned the subject.

The Franco dictatorship

was mentioned only briefly and little more.

In the year 2009 the filmmakers organized a school lesson.

We had asked the teacher to prepare the lesson.

Students were asked to write a text about the history of the village

and tell us whether the name should be changed or not.

Antonio Rubio, the former school director

conducts this special lesson.

GOD APPOINTS THE PATRIARCHS TO HELP HIS PEOPLE

WHAT IS A KING FOR YOU?

30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CONSTITUTION

We had talked about the 2nd Republic,

Franco's war and the foundation of the village.

To deepen this Antonio Rubio has joined us today.

He used to teach here at school in Llanos.

So we do what we prepared

together with him.

There is a very important event

that took place here a few years back.

There was a referendum

about the name ''Llanos del Caudillo''.

So, what do you think about it?

He did good and bad things

but it was him who gave us life.

He created this village.

Without him this village wouldn't exist.

Why shouldn't we honor it?

If it was him who founded it?

I believe too we must honor it.

Gonzalo!

I don't think that because if a person does something bad

for example if a person kidnaps and beats you

and at the same time feeds you so you don't die,

later you can escape and go back home.

And they don't put this person in jail, instead they say

he is a good person because he didn't let you die

and they don't put him away

because he had beaten you and did bad things,

instead they build him a village and honor him,

then you are humiliated twice.

In 2006 the Council of Europe officially condemns the crimes

committed in Spain between 1939 and 1975.

The Council suggests to declare the 18th of July

the day of condemnation of the dictatorship.

In 2007 Spanish Parliament passes the Historical Memory Law

against the votes of the Conservative Party.

What affects us directly in Llanos

is the Historical Memory Law.

The law says that streets, plazas and villages

can't make reference to the dictatorship anymore.

Statutes and tributes to Franco...

You have seen that on TV.

Statues in villages and cities were dismantled.

And in Llanos we have to obey that law?

If the majority decided to keep paying tribute to Franco

then we have to keep honoring him.

The majority of the village said that.

But that was before the law.

Yes, but...

If 6 years ago it was decided to not change the name,

why then now?

It is a law in the whole of Spain.

If they dismantle statues and change names elsewhere,

why not in Llanos?

Because the people have decided it.

If the citizens don't want it you can't change the name.

In Madrid there certainly was also people

who didn't want the statue to go.

After the lesson

the pupils turned in their written papers.

Out of the 13 students 12 advocated to keep the name ''Llanos del Caudillo''.

A village can't honor a person

that revolted against the established democratic order,

provoked 1 million deaths

and for 40 years kept us in the darkness of the middle ages.

Words and language have an importance.

A community's name can't honor a person

who has provoked such things.

It is surprising that Llanos still is called Llanos del Caudillo.

In a village where the socialists win each election.

But this is only the tip of the iceberg.

In Spain there is still a large number...

except for the Basque Country and Catalonia,

there the remains of the dictatorship disappeared.

In Germany there is no street named after Hitler.

In this region we have approx. 800 streets

named after José Antonio Primo de Rivera.

That was a fascist!

Or was Primo de Rivera not a fascist either?

There are still approx. 500 streets

named after Francisco Franco.

During the transition towards democracy

the issue ''dictatorship'' was totally avoided.

Calmly they wanted to do the transition.

And afterward during the first years there was still this fear.

And nowadays they probably think

it is not necessary anymore.

The problem is that Spanish society wasn’t only people against Franco.

Franco was not in power only because of repression.

Rather that a big part of the population clearly supported him.

We were patient with those

we thought had a distorted conception of history

of what was a coup d'état.

Some of the conservatives won't recognize.

that it was an uncivil war caused by a military coup.

When we didn't do it back then

it was because of caution.

When it's tried later, as a balance, it is too late.

Furthermore you have the component:

''Why talk now after all those years''?

So it was never the right time.

During the transition a debate arises:

''To break with the past or to continue''.

The option to break with the past loses.

In this context the example of Portugal is important.

Portugal breaks with its past through the Carnation Revolution.

Judges, policemen and snitches of PIDE are persecuted.

A situation is created, well, they don't start from zero

but they break with the system of the dictatorship.

Here in contrast that doesn't happen.

UNJUSTIFIED INSULT

UTRERA MOLINA CRITICIZES STRIPPING OF HONORY TITLES

PSOE DEMANDS STRIPPING OF HONORY TITLES FROM UTRERA MOLINA

The biggest mistake by the President and he will pay for that

is the Historical Memory Law.

To dismantle emblems and statues,

street names.

They want to win a war

they have lost 70 years ago in the year 1936.

After the military victory in 1939

the new fascist state erased any sort of democratic memory.

A new remembrance culture was constructed meticulously

with new street names, monuments and memorial days,

carrying the names of the assassins and criminals.

The totalitarian state incessantly commemorated its martyrs.

A death cult formed for the heroes fallen for the fascist side.

It is a deeply revanchist remembrance culture,

which always differentiates between winner and loser.

In the center

always the ''Caudillo'', the ''Godsent Führer''

who on July 18th of 1936 began his ''holy crusade'' against his own people.

The problem is that for 40 years

only one concept of history was allowed.

That is why Spain has a different image of itself

than people have in foreign countries.

If now the third generation confronts the issue

these generations also obtain the information recurrently

from the family environment.

What they find in the schoolbooks

they perceive as a different history.

To them Franco is like Alfonso XII.

You are saying that's why Franco was never called a...

...murderer.

THE MURDERER OF THE SPANISH PEOPLE

Now people say that Franco had been the worst in the world.

an authoritarian man. Lies!

Franco was never violent and vindictive.

I could never call Franco a dictator.

The term dictatorship has a very negative connotation.

But once you have accepted it

then there are good, bad, and mediocre dictatorships.

Then there are impeccable people

although they exercise a dictatorship

and accomplish that things go better.

His work is praiseworthy.

He is the most extraordinary ruler from the war up until now.

To talk nowadays about Franco, evokes...

There is no other man who has done for Spain

as much as Franco did.

Franco left us hospitals, dams and houses.

I was a good soldier.

I was a soldier for a long time.

You have to follow the orders.

I don't believe in the politicians.

In Franco I do believe because he proved it.

I don't understand this.

You say, that what you have now you owe Franco?

Should I say Franco wanted to kill me?

No! He helped me to make a living.

That's how I see it. You might see it differently.

That opinion I won't change.

For them it is something positive.

The village meant a new beginning.

From scratch to a certain living standard, to make a living at all.

But it reminds me of what people say here:

''Not the whole time during Hitler was bad''.

''He built the autobahn''.

That is a weak argument.

Every dictator probably did some good at certain places.

Nevertheless we shouldn't honor their names.

For me he is a dictator

who oppressed liberties. I experienced that myself.

He caused fear in many people

and he is responsible for a series of crimes against humanity.

Today he would be the accused

at the International Court of Justice.

Sure, if he was still alive he would go to court.

It is strange that in Spain we have the judge Garzón

who is known worldwide for his defense of human rights

regarding Pinochet and what happened in Argentina.

Now that he wants to investigate

what happened in his own country

there are only people who want to impede that:

''He does not have the right to do that''.

He is allowed to imprison Argentinian and Chilean generals

and all over the world.

But in his own country he is not allowed

to talk about the atrocities during the dictatorship.

That is something a lot of people can't understand.

In 2008 the judge Garzòn tries to investigate

the crimes of the Franco regime.

Then the Supreme Court accepts a law suit against him

accusing of abuse of office

presented by the fascist party Falange

and the right wing ''Manos Limpias''.

In 2010 Garzón is suspended from his profession as a judge

and waits for his trial.

We would like to stop those judges

who want to prosecute the judge Garzón.

THE CRIME IS TO HIDE THE CRIME

LATIN AMERICA WITH GARZON

For my grandfather.

They call it democracy and it is not.

IMPUNITY FOR FRANCO? NO THANK YOU!

Bastard! He killed my father.

What happened to your father?

He was executed.

When?

1940.

After the war. What was the accusation?

None.

Was he in prison?

For 1 year.

For what did they accuse him?

As per the documents for nothing.

We have all the documents. For nothing at all.

Can you talk about it?

What are your thoughts about what is happening here?

We should have done all this years ago.

AGAINST THE IMPUNITY OF FRANCO CRIMES

TRUTH, JUSTICE, REPARATION

THE FIGHT CONTINUES LA FALANGE

You don't fool with our fallen!

You don't fool with our fallen!

WE ARE PROUD OF OUR HISTORY

Good day, comrades and friends.

First of all I'd like to thank the president of the ''Old Guard'',

Comrade Carlos Batres, here to my right.

Comrades, the approbation of this trash,

called Historic Memory Law, by the traitorous parliament

won't erase from our minds

the sacrifice of thousands of Falangists.

No law, whatever it is called and whoever approves it

will achieve, that us, the Falangists, men and women of honor,

won't remember those who gave their best, often their lives

to build a Great and Free Spain.

If the situation turns delicate

and they want to end the century old history of Spain

no administrative decision will hinder us to defend this history

even with a weapon in the hand.

You called us scum? Why?

That's what you are.

I am scum?

Yes, step aside.

I don't know why this man called us scum.

Could we ask you a few questions?

Go away! Don't pay attention!

Why has this event been organized today?

We should have organized this much earlier.

Could you stop it? I can't follow this.

It is enough, damn it.

Which party is paying you?

Piss off!

It was general Primo de Rivera, José Antonio's father...

If the unity of Spain is in danger then there is only one solution:

To call on the ''Spanish Youth'' to go to war!

With Falange for Spain!

Arriba España!

Arriba!

José Antonio Primo de Rivera!

José Antonio Primo de Rivera!

I have nothing to do with this. Absolutely nothing.

I am a lawyer, ok?

You just witnessed an act that was full of apotheosis of terrorism.

They have threatened, agitated and coerced to take up arms again.

Each time I walk by here

and see that emblem

I ask myself, ''how much longer''?

Why are we so ''different''?

When will we stop being the disgrace of Europe?

If not of the world?

People are coming. We have to leave. They are very dangerous.

Thank you. Thanks to you.

In Nuevos Ministerios...

Do I continue? You'll edit that later.

Up until recently there was an equestrian statue of general Franco.

Until 3 years ago.

One summer I was reading books

about the history of the Spanish Civil War.

One chapter had a big impression on me.

When the criminal troops of general Franco

from the Casa del Campo bombed Gran Vía and totally destroyed it,

they killed innocent women and children

who had nothing to do with the conflict.

As a Spaniard I reacted indignantly

to this criminal act.

That's why I filed a complaint against the city of Madrid

to make them dismantle the statue

or I would take them to court for apotheosis of terrorism.

In my complaint I wrote that it was unimaginable

that main streets, statues or monuments in the center of Berlin

would be named after Hitler, Göbbels, Göring or Himmler.

The same with Mussolini in Rome or in other cities.

That we have to say this in 2010...

If a script writer tells me this story, I won't believe him.

But it is true.

Both, you with the camera and you with the microphone

just a while ago we had been frightened

in spite of the police.

Well, it is not a palace of justice.

It's a theater of justice.

I hope, they'll change it soon.

Thank you. Goodbye.

''Plains of the Caudillo'' turning option / change of direction

Santiago Sánchez is reelected as mayor.

The conservative People's Party wins the elections.

The prime minister has said:

The Historical Memory Law is to no avail at all.

The Franco Foundation commemorates the Falangist José Utrera Molina

for his defense of the ideals of the ''National Movement''.

Judge Garzón is convicted of having abused his powers by investigating

the corruption case ''Gürtel'', involving the prime minister's People's Party.

In a case investigating crimes committed during the dictatorship

Garzón is found not guilty. Yet he is not allowed to exercise as a judge.

An Argentinian petition requests the arrest of 9 former Franco officials,

among them José Utrera Molina.

Judge Servini issues arrest warrants for 4 of them.

This could end 77 years of impunity.

UN envoys demand that the Spanish government take up the responsibility

to judge crimes committed under General Franco.