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So now you need to understand, you know, how to kind of understand stocks and how to kind of speak
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the language and how to interpret some of those comments, sometimes confusing numbers and things you
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might see out there.
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So we're going to look at stock quotes.
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So in some cases are the Amazon is up 10 percent today.
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Where are they getting that from and how to understand that and how to understand a stock quote?
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And we'll also look at a stock chart, too, because I can kind of graphically show you how things are
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looking for a stock.
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We give a little preview with that, that one or a slide or two earlier.
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So stock quotes in the stock charts may seem intimidating first, but by the end of this lesson, they'll
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seem really, really easy, I promise you.
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And it helps you to kind of how you can look up some stocks.
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You know, you can look up some stocks yourself that might interest you at the end of the end of the
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lesson today that you can kind of do for homework because like, I'm going to show examples, walk you
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right through it and then like, Well, I'm interested in this stock.
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You can now afterwards, after the lesson, be able to look up and start comparing and really kind of
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get going right before you get into next day, day two.
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All right.
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So let's look at stock quotes and how those work.
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So first off, you need a place to find the stock quotes.
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So I have many students from all over the world, so the easiest way is to look it up within your own
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country, you know, so put in like stock quotes in India or U.K. or USA or wherever you live.
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Put that in and you'll start getting back things as far as different services that provide a stock quote
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now, two that are pretty worldwide and very universal and easy to use.
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Our Yahoo Finance and Investing.com and how the quotes and charts are anything look are essentially
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the same that might be laid out a little differently.
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So I'm going to show you Yahoo Finance, because it's really easy to use and it's globally as well,
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too.
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So that's why I'm going to show you some stock quotes and some charts, and we're going to use Yahoo
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Finance, but you can use other ones too as well.
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There's many of them out there.
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So if you go to that finance site yahoo.com at the very top of the screen, you'll see where it says
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search for new symbols or companies, and you just type in companies that are interesting to you.
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So if you're interested in Tesla or Amazon or Facebook or whomever, you just type in the company name
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and you'll pull down a list and you can just find it very easy.
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We're going to look out for fun.
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We're going to look at two companies.
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Here are two very different companies.
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We're going to look at General Mills, which makes cereal, amongst other things they do.
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They make food products so like yogurt, they actually are starting to really get involved in pet food,
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for example.
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But they're famous for their cereals.
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Known as Big G, her Big G brand cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.
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And one of my favorites, Lucky Charms.
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Not healthy, but I like in many ways that marshmallows in them.
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So general General Mills and then we'll look at HubSpot very different company.
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Their customer relationship management software platform very much oriented around like marketing and
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stuff.
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So if your company or company needs to handle how to do social media marketing and organize all their
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different social media marketing, the software that can help do that is HubSpot.
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So they're more of a technology company.
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General Mills has more, of course, of a regular old food company been around for a long time.
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So let's look at General Mills and HubSpot, and we'll look at their charts.
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Are we going to look at their quotes first?
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So if you go to Yahoo Finance, you type in general Mills.
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This is what I'll come back with.
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All right.
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So at first you might be thinking, what is all this stuff?
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No worries.
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We're going to walk right through it, right?
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So I'm going to start in the upper left to you, of course.
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Have the name Cheryl Mills where it says I asked, that's what's called a ticker symbol.
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So you can just it's a kind of shorthand.
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So instead of like in Yahoo Finance to search for General Mills, I could put just GIFs and it's just
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a shorthand for that.
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Like Johnson and Johnson is JNJ.
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Sometimes you refer to that way and then you see the big thing, which is the price, you know, so
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sixty three, seventy nine and you can see, oh, two point three, and that equates to up point four
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seven for the day.
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So for the day, this is how they're doing as far as in this particular day.
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So they're doing, you know, pretty good a point for seven for the day.
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So that's six three seven nine, by the way, is the last price that Soledad.
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You may not pay that price.
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You may pay a little more, a little less, but that's the number they use for quotes and for charts.
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And everything is the last price that sold that and that if you watch that will constantly change almost
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every second throughout the throughout the day.
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So Joe Mills right now is trading or selling at sixty three seventy nine.
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If we go down the and then the middle of this is the summary.
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This is the quote.
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And then you can see you can get the other stuff like charts, conversation, some real deep statistics,
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profile tell you what the company is about that kind of stuff.
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Financials show income statements, but we're going to be going to look at the quote here.
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So if we look at this, we're going down the left hand side now.
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It shows the previous close.
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So what is the end of the trading day that wanted to close that?
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So close that?
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Sixty three, forty nine.
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So we know it's it's up from there, right?
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At least as far as this time.
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It actually opened the day at 60 to 80, so that's just tells you what it was.
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The first trade of the day was 60 to 80, and now the last trade when we took this screenshot was at
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sixty three seventy nine.
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So it gives you a little information there.
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Now was a couple of confusing things.
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So with this bid and ask Price, what is what is that all about?
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So simply, your bid price is the highest price a buyer is willing to pay, right?
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So right now, the highest price a buyer is willing to pay is sixty three dollars and thirteen thirty
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eight cents.
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Now this changes constantly to our last price and we paid sixty three seventy nine.
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When you actually go on to buy, it might be getting close at sixty three seventy nine or it might be
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more closer to around the 60 through 30.
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They're constantly changing and how many people are looking at that price as far as up bid prices,
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the eleven hundreds so highest price right now, some is willing to pay a sixty three thirty eight.
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Now the asking price is the lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
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And these are usually very close.
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So this is you can see it's sixty three, forty eight, so about 10 cent difference between the two.
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So that difference is what's called the spread.
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By the way, I've ever heard anybody say, Oh, the spread, you know, that's the difference in the
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closer the numbers are together, the more easier transactions are.
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You don't have a wide spread, you have a narrow spread in this case.
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So you can see that it's easier to have a meeting of the minds somewhere in the middle, maybe at sixty
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three forty.
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You know, it's constantly being where you can actually go in and buy stock, but that gives the idea
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the range it might be trading in at that exact moment in time.
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Then we if we time a range of some more, you can see the range for the entire day.
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How is the day going as far as the lowest price to the highest price through the day?
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So you can see during the day it's sold for sixty three 12.
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So we bought a sixty three point one to in some way paid sixty three ninety three for it.
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Some human being actually bought it at this.
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And right now we're going to quote a sixty three seventy nine would be the market price or kind of the
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current price or in fact, the last price that sold out.
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And that's in between those two.
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But give us an idea of the range and then the same for the day.
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And then if you like a 52 week or the last year, you can show your range.
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This is kind of helpful.
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Is the stock been up over the last year?
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Have been kind of it more near the bottom of its range over the last year?
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And if we look at General Mills, you know, fifty three ninety six was the lowest to sixty six fourteen,
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so it's more closer to the high end right now.
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You'd be buying it near the high over the last 52 weeks.
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Volume is simply how many transactions there have been, so this is a pretty well traded big company
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stock, a large cap stock, you'll hear about that tomorrow.
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Market cap And so it's been one hundred eighty nine thousand transactions early in the day, and you
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can see that's a lot of transactions.
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The the average volume for the day because we're early in the day when we took this quote is a little
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over 4.4 million.
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So you can see we're early in the day, but we should average around 4.4 million.
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Some days are lighter and some days are larger as far as the number of volume.
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The market cap that shows you how big the company is in relation to other companies.
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So if you're comparing one company to another, the bigger that number, the bigger it's considered
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as far as in the stock market.
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Now, tomorrow in day two, we're going to go really into detail and market cap, so we're going to
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hold off on a couple of things here, but we'll hold off on market cap till tomorrow.
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Now, beta is a measure of risk.
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All right, so you want to always.
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Is General Mills a risky stock or less risky stock?
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And there's many different ways to measure beta.
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Ask me measure risk and beta is one of the easiest ones, which is, you know, understanding how it
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compares to the wider market.
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And so the why and this is looking back over five years looking at the monthly, you know, change in
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prices basically up or down, how much up or down is it?
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And so what this number is telling us is how does it compare to the broader market in this case, we
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have like a broader largest five hundred U.S. stocks, right?
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The S&P 500.
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So how does it compare to that?
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So if it matched exactly those five hundred stocks is worth going up and down in price, how risky or
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how volatile, you know, it would have a beta of 1.0.
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So if it matches the market, it would be at one point or if it goes up higher.
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And let's say, if it was if you're at one point, oh, for the market and the stock was at 1.0, then
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they're going to move up together.
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You know, up and down, you'll see essentially move up the same degree or percentage together.
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Well, there's an update or down to if, let's say, it's above 1.0, let's say the market's always
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at one point on, let's say my stocks at one point one.
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Right.
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So that means when the stock market goes up the broader market, my stock is going to go up even more.
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In fact, by a factor point one over 10 percent.
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So when the market's up, then this is going to go up because it's up one point that's at one point
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zero.
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By the same token, if we start level in the stock market's down, then this is going to go down further
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by that same amount down that extra point, one old, basically.
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So numbers that are above or greater than 1.0 are more volatile as in.
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They'll go up when the market's up, but they'll also go down when the market's down faster or bigger,
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bigger ranges.
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Right.
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So you may see that with like a lot of like, I'm your high beta technology stocks, for example, where
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you know, they may go way up when the market's up, but when the market's down, they're really getting
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crushed.
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So General Mills, what was John Mitchell says point five five.
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So the same kind of the same principle just in reverse.
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Right.
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So if it's going to go up, you know, the market's going to go up.
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Cheryl Mills will not go up as far.
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I'll go play point five five.
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So it doesn't go ahead as much as up on the upside.
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By the same token, if the market was down, let's say down, then General Mills is not going to go
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down as far either.
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So it has a narrower trading range up and down, which means it's basically less risky or less volatile,
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less ups, you know, less higher highs and less lower lows.
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You know, it's it's kind of stirring and within a narrower range than, let's say, the wider range
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of the overall market.
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So if you like stocks, let's say they are not as volatile or go wildly up or wildly down, then General
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Mills might be interesting to you because you're looking at that data under 1.0.
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So to recap that above 1.0 wider swings below 1.0, much less less wider swings of zero point five five
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is or is a really low beta.
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So this is more of a considered a very less risky as far as volatility, how much you go up and down
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stock?
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OK, let's go back to our chart here.
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So if we look at this now, you're going to learn about some ratios.
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So we have some.
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A common one is the price to earnings ratio and this one says team, that means trailing 12 months.
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So it's going back in time looking at the, you know, the price to earnings and day three.
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We're going to actually getting real detail on the price to earnings right now.
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To understand this, it's a relation to what's the price I'm paying the sixty three point seventy nine,
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for example, relative to the company's earnings.
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How is the company's earnings doing?
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Because earnings can be a real predictor of how the stock price will change.
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So a price earnings ratio average is right around 13 to 16.
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You know, as far as price to earnings or earnings ratio for the whole market, it can vary by industry.
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So General Mills is right in there.
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But coming up on day three, when we look at ratios and fundamental analysis, we're going to get in
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a real detail on this.
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Just understand that when you're maybe looking at some stocks now, if it's above like 15, you know,
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that's a higher price to earnings.
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You're paying more for those earnings and you're paying more for that compared to.
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OK, that has a lower price earnings ratio.
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Basically, the lower the number, you know, the better, but there's more to it than that and we're
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going to learn about them.
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EPS is earnings per share, same thing over the last 12 months.
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So for each share stock a person to own.
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So I want to buy one share stock, I'll pay sixty three seventy nine to keep it simple.
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And I would pay.
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I would.
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The earnings per share is four dollars and 12 cents, so it's good.
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They're profitable, they're making money, actually doing pretty good.
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So it's four dollars and 12 cents per share earnings date.
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You might see something in here where it's showing when the next time they're going to update their
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earnings.
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Usually it's done quarterly, of course, and you hear about something or I've got the quarterly earnings
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coming out right in the and they disclose how they did in the last quarter.
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So a lot of times you'll see a date as far as either the date where they've announced they're going
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to have an announcement around earnings or it's going to be a range sometimes or show range coming.
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Give me an estimate when the next earnings announcement will come.
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Now, the next one to look at is dividend that all stocks pay a dividend.
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And we'll learn all about dividends and data here.
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But this is looking at how much you earn as far as a dividend or income per share in the yield kind
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of a percentage number.
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So for now, just think, you know, the higher that number, that switching the percentage, the three
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point to one, that's good, that's better.
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And again, not every company pays a dividend.
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Ex-dividend date simply means that if I own this stock by that date, then they're going to pay me money.
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They're going to pay me that dividend again.
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Hold on, Data's coming twenty four hours, we'll get really into dividends, but understand that you
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can actually earn money just by owning the stock.
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And that's the dividend and the dividend.
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If it's listed there, they'll show an estimate of when the next dividend date.
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And then a lot of times will also show a one year target estimate that's kind of based on some if you
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stock market analysts or whatever, they're compiling that together.
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So if we look at that, you know, analysts are saying, OK, a year from now, they're anticipating
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it's going to be like sixty two dollars and sixty six cents.
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So that's kind of telling you look like, well, wait a minute, you know, General Mills is selling
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right now for sixty three seventy nine.
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Why would I buy it?
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Well, you mean that at least based on analyst estimates.
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So the analysts are not right all the time.
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Maybe most, many times they're not right.
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So don't let that throw you, by the way, just the impression you're going to hold for a longer term
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than a year.
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You can just kind of look at that and kind of get an idea what they're looking at.
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And then to the right is the chart, right?
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So this is showing like a six month chart and we're going to learn about charts, you know, coming
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up in just a moment, we'll get into how to read a chart.
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But this kind of shows how the prices have gone in this case over the last six months.
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And you can see that they've kind of gone down a little bit and then they came kind of back up.
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So right now it's green, so they're up.
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So that's General Mills.
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We took some time to really go through line by line on that stock quote chart.
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Let's do a quicker one with HubSpot.
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We'll go through that one quickly and and you can always rewatch this again to kind of, you know,
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get it all together here.
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So we look at HubSpot.
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You can see their ticker symbol is, yeah, it's right.
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It's hub and your hubs there on the Nasdaq or New York Stock Exchange as well.
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Now you can see their price is a lot higher, right?
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They are trading for four and thirty two dollars and seventy nine cents.
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That doesn't mean it's a better stock, by the way.
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The price is sort of relevant that way.
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It doesn't mean I should buy it now because it's more expensive than General Mills are just showing
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what people are willing to pay for it right now.
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In fact, you can see it's down for the day.
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It's down two point one eight percent and the previous close was at four eighty three and it opened
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at forty six and fifty five.
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So people are like, Oh, let's keep buying this, but then it will start coming down.
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Something has happened or people are saying, Oh, I want to get out of this and it's coming down.
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You can see our bid and ask prices a little bit wider spread between the bid higher somebody is willing
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to pay and the ask the lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
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So you can see that's that's kind of going that's kind of going up there right now.
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It's a very interesting thing versus the last prices for 70 to the date range.
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I mean, look at that day range, we went from four seventy one to 480.
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You know, that's kind of a good size range as far as in the day.
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And then if we look at the fifty two weeks, you know, right around one hundred ninety eight to five
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seventy four.
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So it's really had quite a run up over the last year.
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So if you bought in around 200 250, you almost doubled your money.
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So great there, and you can see that their volume and their average volume is only five or thirty seven
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miles on average.
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I remember General Mills was like four million.
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So different type of stock, you know, more of a smaller twenty two billion market cap stock, you
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know, versus General Mills, which was around thirty eight billion.
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Now we talked about beta memory, we talked about beta, where if it's above 1.0, it's going to go
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up higher.
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But if it's below it, when the market goes down, it's going to go down, go down further.
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So much more risky, right?
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So if we look at the beta of HubSpot, you can see they're at one point seven one.
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So again, they're going to have higher highs and lower lows, you know, in comparison to the market.
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So if you're looking for a safe, not real, risky stock, well, General Mills might interest you if
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you're looking for more of a growth stock, more of a, you know, tech type stock than a beta 1.7 than
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HubSpot might interest you.
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Price to earnings.
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I want to show HubSpot because it's going to show a couple of things here.
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So price to earnings that's going to learn all about it again in day three, but its price basically
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divided by earnings.
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So if you don't have earnings, let's say you're losing money, then I'll show in a they're not applicable
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because they're not making money.
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So that's why if you if you're looking for some stocks in your home on your own tonight and you see
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a, that's why you're showing they're not making money at least over the last 12 months in this case,
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trailing 12 months.
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And you could see that in earnings per share.
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How much are we made per per share as far as the company has made in terms of income, you know, revenue,
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your profit really, really its net profit and you can see they've lost $1.
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99 cents per share.
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So that means we're the company that we're investing in.
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It's losing money.
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Now, many companies, especially technology companies or biotech companies and health care, a lot
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of companies lose money at the beginning, right, because they're building their business.
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You know, the early days of Amazon, for example, they lost tons of money.
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Tesla lost tons of money, but they were gaining market share and gaining, you know, sales, and they
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were growing their company over time.
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And then when they started to turn a profit, then they started turning, you know, big, big profits.
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You think about Amazon in the massive amounts of profits that they generate.
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But early on, you know, they weren't generating those profits.
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So something to look at when you're looking at a stock chart, you know, will their company be able
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to turn around and be able to, you know, they're on the path to profitability?
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Or are they really struggling and going down maybe all the way to bankruptcy, which means we could
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lose our lose our investment or certainly our stock price would go down.
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So you can see here they're losing dollar 99 per share.
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Same thing can happen.
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Earnings statement Here you can see dividend.
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What is forward would be what's expected dividend coming up and what's that yield?
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We're going to learn about that again tomorrow.
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So you can see that not all companies pay a dividend.
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And because it says and they hear HubSpot does not pay a dividend, HubSpot doesn't pay you to own the
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stock.
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Income coming in to you.
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So if you want to rely on some income coming from your stocks, you General Mills would give you that
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were HubSpot would not.
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We're going to learn about price appreciation and dividends coming up in data where, you know, show
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you how to make money in stock, either by the price going up or having some dividends coming to you
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and or both.
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So hang tight on data, but that's something that you would look and say, Oh, if I'm looking at dividend
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stocks, then I'm not going to get that with HubSpot.
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And you can see there's no expected dividend date.
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You know, you have to hold the stock because it's not applicable because there's no dividend, right?
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And then we get a one year target estimate six 08.
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So people are still very what they would call bullish, you know, versus to think the stock's going
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to go up versus bearish, think the stock is going to go down bulls and bears.
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And so with HubSpot, they say, Oh, OK, you're going to go up in price.
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And then again, we'll look at the chart here and can see over the last six months that they're up over
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the last six months, like General Mills, too.
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But with stocks, you can see there's lots of peaks and valleys, right ups and downs.
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So it's a lot more up and down volatile than maybe other investments like bonds and certainly cash.
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So while we're timing charts, let's go now, dive in quickly and we'll look at charts up here in this
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next part.
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