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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:08,076 --> 00:00:12,646 * 2 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:14,280 Going to Antarctica is a little bit 3 00:00:14,315 --> 00:00:16,815 like leaving the planet. 4 00:00:18,752 --> 00:00:21,962 No matter what we do or where we go, 5 00:00:21,989 --> 00:00:26,189 we're walking where nobody's walked before. 6 00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:33,870 We're looking at things that nobody's seen before. 7 00:00:36,036 --> 00:00:37,966 You feel isolated, 8 00:00:38,005 --> 00:00:41,105 and the quietness immediately hits you... 9 00:00:48,182 --> 00:00:51,352 ...at the same time as the temperature drop hits you. 10 00:00:53,787 --> 00:00:56,117 You realize that you've got to have 11 00:00:56,157 --> 00:00:58,927 everything you need to survive... 12 00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:04,530 ...because anything can happen. 13 00:01:04,565 --> 00:01:19,345 * 14 00:01:19,380 --> 00:01:33,030 * 15 00:01:33,060 --> 00:01:37,100 We've been in this tent, what, about 16 hours? 16 00:01:37,131 --> 00:01:38,401 That's all snow right there. 17 00:01:38,432 --> 00:01:41,542 That's a snow wall against my head. 18 00:01:41,569 --> 00:01:44,609 Because of the blowing snow and low visibility, 19 00:01:44,638 --> 00:01:47,238 we're going to just stay put until it improves. 20 00:01:47,275 --> 00:01:49,335 The scientists of the Ross Ice Shelf team 21 00:01:49,377 --> 00:01:53,307 have been confined to their tents, in a Condition 1 storm, 22 00:01:53,347 --> 00:01:54,977 for almost a full day. 23 00:01:58,486 --> 00:02:00,016 You can't see 30 meters in front of you. 24 00:02:00,053 --> 00:02:04,863 It's just windy. It's snowing. It's cold. 25 00:02:04,892 --> 00:02:06,162 Spending a day or more in a tent, 26 00:02:06,194 --> 00:02:08,364 it's kind of a weird concept. 27 00:02:08,396 --> 00:02:10,356 A little bit nerve-racking. 28 00:02:10,398 --> 00:02:12,198 So, yeah, it's not great. 29 00:02:21,041 --> 00:02:25,151 * 30 00:02:25,179 --> 00:02:26,549 Storms in Antarctica 31 00:02:26,580 --> 00:02:29,880 have been known to last over 12 days, 32 00:02:29,917 --> 00:02:34,557 so the team is lucky this storm broke after just one. 33 00:02:34,588 --> 00:02:35,788 It's morning. 34 00:02:35,823 --> 00:02:40,833 * 35 00:02:40,861 --> 00:02:43,531 Wow. Can't believe we were worried about this one. 36 00:02:43,564 --> 00:02:44,434 Beautiful. 37 00:02:44,465 --> 00:02:47,095 Right, pass the stuff. 38 00:02:47,134 --> 00:02:48,304 I was just freezing. 39 00:02:48,336 --> 00:02:51,866 It was bloody freezing during the night. 40 00:02:51,905 --> 00:02:54,575 The team has just 14 days on the ice. 41 00:02:54,608 --> 00:02:56,008 And before they can study 42 00:02:56,043 --> 00:02:59,083 Antarctica's potential impact on the rest of the world, 43 00:02:59,112 --> 00:02:59,912 they have to get 44 00:02:59,947 --> 00:03:03,347 to their research site first. 45 00:03:03,384 --> 00:03:05,324 Wow. 46 00:03:05,353 --> 00:03:07,093 We're eating up our science time now 47 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:11,430 just because of the weather not playing ball. 48 00:03:11,459 --> 00:03:13,929 We're just really keen to actually get started. 49 00:03:13,961 --> 00:03:16,301 We're going to take the first two measurements of their kind 50 00:03:16,330 --> 00:03:17,670 on the Ross Ice Shelf, 51 00:03:17,698 --> 00:03:19,468 and that water that's underneath the Ross Ice Shelf, 52 00:03:19,500 --> 00:03:20,870 that's really important. 53 00:03:20,901 --> 00:03:23,471 The weather has improved significantly here, 54 00:03:23,504 --> 00:03:26,474 and we're going to get on the move south again. 55 00:03:26,507 --> 00:03:27,877 Antarctica is actually creating 56 00:03:27,908 --> 00:03:28,908 very, very, cold water 57 00:03:28,942 --> 00:03:31,142 that pushes down into the deep ocean, 58 00:03:31,178 --> 00:03:34,008 which then forces warmer water to push up somewhere else, 59 00:03:34,047 --> 00:03:36,577 and that conveyor belt, as we kind of call it, 60 00:03:36,617 --> 00:03:38,917 of water that's actually circulating around the world, 61 00:03:38,952 --> 00:03:40,652 redistributes heat. 62 00:03:40,688 --> 00:03:43,258 That's what keeps other places from freezing over. 63 00:03:43,291 --> 00:03:45,331 You know, the eastern seaboard of the U.S. 64 00:03:45,359 --> 00:03:46,929 would be quite a lot colder 65 00:03:46,960 --> 00:03:49,500 if it didn't get an injection of warm water, which is, 66 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:53,770 that whole system is being driven by Antarctica. 67 00:03:53,801 --> 00:03:55,271 Alright, guys. 68 00:03:55,303 --> 00:03:58,743 We want to really keep on pushing along today. 69 00:03:58,772 --> 00:04:01,342 We're going to try and push onto Site X, 70 00:04:01,375 --> 00:04:04,035 hopefully make it there tonight. 71 00:04:04,077 --> 00:04:05,347 Everyone's happy? 72 00:04:05,379 --> 00:04:07,879 Let's get some kilometers under the belt. 73 00:04:07,915 --> 00:04:09,745 Time frames are pretty critical down here. 74 00:04:09,783 --> 00:04:10,923 There's a year's worth of planning 75 00:04:10,951 --> 00:04:12,291 that have gone into these events, 76 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:15,060 that we need to try and make sure that we stick to. 77 00:04:15,088 --> 00:04:17,488 Otherwise, there's potentially some of the science objectives 78 00:04:17,525 --> 00:04:19,125 that wouldn't be reached. 79 00:04:19,159 --> 00:04:29,199 * 80 00:04:29,202 --> 00:04:34,882 * 81 00:04:34,908 --> 00:04:37,178 Even the smallest amount we had kept 82 00:04:37,210 --> 00:04:40,110 because we can always put it into a soup. 83 00:04:40,147 --> 00:04:42,877 There's kind of a distinct lack of food at the moment. 84 00:04:42,916 --> 00:04:44,946 We just have to make do with what we've got. 85 00:04:44,985 --> 00:04:46,445 At Scott Base, 86 00:04:46,487 --> 00:04:48,987 New Zealand's Antarctic research hub, 87 00:04:49,022 --> 00:04:51,222 the storm shut down the supply chain, 88 00:04:51,258 --> 00:04:53,828 grounding all C-17 cargo flights. 89 00:04:53,861 --> 00:04:55,901 We've been delayed Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, 90 00:04:55,929 --> 00:04:57,899 Saturday, and it's Sunday now, 91 00:04:57,931 --> 00:05:01,171 and it's due in, taking off, so we'll see what happens. 92 00:05:01,201 --> 00:05:06,141 * 93 00:05:06,173 --> 00:05:08,713 Here he comes. 94 00:05:08,742 --> 00:05:13,012 To the right, to the right, to the right. 95 00:05:13,046 --> 00:05:14,246 Alright! 96 00:05:18,185 --> 00:05:19,485 It landed. 97 00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:24,020 * 98 00:05:24,057 --> 00:05:28,097 These flights bring in new staff, 99 00:05:28,128 --> 00:05:30,158 sensitive scientific equipment... 100 00:05:30,197 --> 00:05:31,727 Freshies are coming! 101 00:05:31,765 --> 00:05:34,125 ...and fresh food. 102 00:05:34,167 --> 00:05:35,697 If we can, like, create a chain, 103 00:05:35,736 --> 00:05:38,036 it'll be a lot easier. 104 00:05:38,071 --> 00:05:39,471 It's always an exciting time, 105 00:05:39,507 --> 00:05:40,967 when the freshies arrive. 106 00:05:41,008 --> 00:05:44,078 Food is incredibly important for the morale of people on base. 107 00:05:44,111 --> 00:05:45,181 You know, there's nothing 108 00:05:45,212 --> 00:05:46,682 like a crisp apple 109 00:05:46,714 --> 00:05:47,984 after you haven't had an apple 110 00:05:48,015 --> 00:05:50,015 for, you know, weeks and weeks. 111 00:05:50,050 --> 00:05:50,850 It's the stuff 112 00:05:50,884 --> 00:05:52,224 that people dream of. 113 00:05:52,252 --> 00:05:54,722 Tomatoes, tomatoes. 114 00:05:54,755 --> 00:05:56,985 Tomatoes. 115 00:05:57,024 --> 00:05:58,894 Eggs. 116 00:05:58,926 --> 00:06:01,086 I've been craving strawberries. 117 00:06:01,128 --> 00:06:03,328 Fruit will be nice. 118 00:06:03,363 --> 00:06:04,673 There's quite a few excited people 119 00:06:04,698 --> 00:06:05,868 around at the moment. 120 00:06:05,899 --> 00:06:07,469 Look, it's full. 121 00:06:07,501 --> 00:06:09,301 About time. 122 00:06:09,336 --> 00:06:11,336 Let's get these grapes inside straightaway. 123 00:06:11,371 --> 00:06:13,941 Pears. Apples, where are the apples? 124 00:06:13,974 --> 00:06:15,444 Apples are right there. 125 00:06:18,011 --> 00:06:21,481 18 miles from shore 126 00:06:21,515 --> 00:06:24,375 is the U.S. Coast Guard cutter, Polar Star. 127 00:06:24,418 --> 00:06:26,688 Try to keep it straight. 128 00:06:26,720 --> 00:06:28,390 All ahead four, aye. 129 00:06:28,422 --> 00:06:29,922 We're lined up great. 130 00:06:29,957 --> 00:06:31,887 All's we gotta do is go forward from here. 131 00:06:31,925 --> 00:06:34,185 This is where we earn our money. 132 00:06:34,227 --> 00:06:36,797 Let's go break some ice. 133 00:06:36,830 --> 00:06:38,800 Her mission is to open a channel 134 00:06:38,832 --> 00:06:41,672 for a freighter that comes once a year. 135 00:06:41,702 --> 00:06:42,942 Now she's at the edge 136 00:06:42,970 --> 00:06:46,670 of 18 miles of 10-foot-thick ice blocking the way. 137 00:06:49,242 --> 00:06:50,812 It's connected from shore to shore, 138 00:06:50,844 --> 00:06:52,254 beach to beach. 139 00:06:52,279 --> 00:06:56,049 It's solid ice across an entire sound, 140 00:06:56,083 --> 00:06:58,723 and that's where the real mission starts. 141 00:06:58,752 --> 00:07:01,792 The Polar Star is America's only heavy icebreaker, 142 00:07:01,822 --> 00:07:04,862 and it is the only one that can break that channel, 143 00:07:04,892 --> 00:07:08,732 so I've got the entire continent relying on me. 144 00:07:08,762 --> 00:07:11,062 I have to turn that ice into ice cubes. 145 00:07:11,098 --> 00:07:13,398 Steady on course, 1-5-5. 146 00:07:13,433 --> 00:07:15,143 Are we ready? 147 00:07:15,168 --> 00:07:16,298 Go to turbines. 148 00:07:16,336 --> 00:07:18,906 If you can imagine trying to drive your car 149 00:07:18,939 --> 00:07:20,639 through a cement wall, 150 00:07:20,674 --> 00:07:21,914 is like those supply ships 151 00:07:21,942 --> 00:07:23,642 trying to drive through that ice. 152 00:07:23,677 --> 00:07:25,947 You just can't do it. It's not made for that. 153 00:07:25,979 --> 00:07:27,409 Now, take a bulldozer, 154 00:07:27,447 --> 00:07:29,317 and a bulldozer would be able to do that. 155 00:07:29,349 --> 00:07:31,519 We are that bulldozer. 156 00:07:31,552 --> 00:07:34,562 Switching over to turbines will give us a lot more horsepower, 157 00:07:34,588 --> 00:07:37,318 between 60,000 and 75,000 horsepower. 158 00:07:37,357 --> 00:07:38,957 The Polar Star breaks ice 159 00:07:38,992 --> 00:07:40,662 by surging up out of the water 160 00:07:40,694 --> 00:07:44,734 and slamming down its full 14,000-ton mass. 161 00:07:44,765 --> 00:07:46,665 In order to generate enough power, 162 00:07:46,700 --> 00:07:48,900 the ship has three gas turbines, 163 00:07:48,936 --> 00:07:52,406 basically jet engines modified to drive propeller shafts, 164 00:07:52,439 --> 00:07:54,579 and it takes a week of round-the-clock throttle 165 00:07:54,608 --> 00:07:56,038 to make it to shore. 166 00:07:59,146 --> 00:08:00,446 Main Control, this is Morrison. 167 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:01,750 Yes, Captain. 168 00:08:01,782 --> 00:08:03,522 And we just have to monitor her shaft overloads, 169 00:08:03,551 --> 00:08:05,491 as well as temperatures. 170 00:08:05,519 --> 00:08:06,989 Roger. 171 00:08:07,020 --> 00:08:09,920 The engine system was built 40 years ago, 172 00:08:09,957 --> 00:08:12,657 so it's carefully monitored by Lieutenant Morrison 173 00:08:12,693 --> 00:08:15,603 in Main Control. 174 00:08:15,629 --> 00:08:16,559 Turbine Room, Main Control. 175 00:08:16,597 --> 00:08:17,827 Standby, stand clear, 176 00:08:17,865 --> 00:08:19,595 for the start of the number two main gas turbine. 177 00:08:19,633 --> 00:08:22,673 Roger, standby for number two turbine. 178 00:08:22,703 --> 00:08:24,043 Start her. 179 00:08:34,548 --> 00:08:35,778 Hydrostart activated. 180 00:08:35,816 --> 00:08:43,356 * 181 00:08:43,390 --> 00:08:44,890 Port's up to speed. 182 00:08:44,925 --> 00:08:45,925 Roger. 183 00:08:45,959 --> 00:08:55,199 * 184 00:08:55,235 --> 00:08:56,065 Speed? 185 00:08:56,103 --> 00:08:58,473 7 knots. 186 00:08:58,505 --> 00:09:00,405 Course over ground is 1-4-0. 187 00:09:00,440 --> 00:09:02,710 And we're going ramming speed. 188 00:09:02,743 --> 00:09:05,883 1-3-9, just about 5 right now. 189 00:09:05,913 --> 00:09:11,123 * 190 00:09:17,090 --> 00:09:21,930 * 191 00:09:21,962 --> 00:09:34,372 * 192 00:09:34,407 --> 00:09:37,077 It's kind of neat when you see nothing but ice, 193 00:09:37,110 --> 00:09:40,050 no relief. 194 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:41,280 It's amazing, the amount 195 00:09:41,314 --> 00:09:43,124 of force that, and basically, 196 00:09:43,150 --> 00:09:45,490 the sheer cutting strength 197 00:09:45,518 --> 00:09:47,348 of ice against steel. 198 00:09:47,387 --> 00:09:50,987 We are reinforced, and we have a very thick hull. 199 00:09:51,024 --> 00:09:52,764 And also, the amount of ribs in 200 00:09:52,793 --> 00:09:55,603 the ship, and the hull design. 201 00:09:55,629 --> 00:09:56,429 The hull design 202 00:09:56,463 --> 00:09:57,833 looks like a spoon. 203 00:09:57,865 --> 00:10:01,325 Most ships have a pointy bow, or what's called the stem, 204 00:10:01,368 --> 00:10:02,838 and that stem would just be 205 00:10:02,870 --> 00:10:04,470 ripped off by the ice. 206 00:10:08,341 --> 00:10:11,241 Okay, help the stern come back to port. 207 00:10:11,278 --> 00:10:19,888 * 208 00:10:19,920 --> 00:10:21,660 This goes against all sense 209 00:10:21,689 --> 00:10:23,489 and seamanship and navigation, 210 00:10:23,523 --> 00:10:25,863 looking behind you when you're driving a ship. 211 00:10:25,893 --> 00:10:29,503 We preach to our young ship handlers to always look forward, 212 00:10:29,529 --> 00:10:30,799 but we look behind us, 213 00:10:30,831 --> 00:10:32,701 make sure we're driving in a straight line, 214 00:10:32,733 --> 00:10:34,033 which makes it a lot easier 215 00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:36,697 for the supply ship to navigate in when we escort them. 216 00:10:41,775 --> 00:10:44,205 With all the vibrations and shaking, 217 00:10:44,244 --> 00:10:47,184 there's really no way to get relief. 218 00:10:47,214 --> 00:10:49,954 We've got to just power through it. 219 00:10:49,983 --> 00:10:55,723 * 220 00:10:59,693 --> 00:11:00,933 We're going to try to do 221 00:11:00,961 --> 00:11:03,831 what we were going to do yesterday, again today. 222 00:11:03,864 --> 00:11:06,774 Okay, we're still intending on one install per team, 223 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:07,740 is that right? 224 00:11:07,768 --> 00:11:08,998 Yeah. 225 00:11:09,036 --> 00:11:10,866 The Mount Erebus team needs chopper time 226 00:11:10,904 --> 00:11:14,274 to fly to the world's southernmost active volcano 227 00:11:14,307 --> 00:11:17,307 and cover 132 different sites 228 00:11:17,344 --> 00:11:19,954 to create a 3D image of its inner workings. 229 00:11:19,980 --> 00:11:21,180 It's just a matter of 230 00:11:21,214 --> 00:11:23,054 if we have enough ground definition to land. 231 00:11:23,083 --> 00:11:26,053 Then we could maybe get some momentum. 232 00:11:26,086 --> 00:11:28,016 The storm grounded them for days, 233 00:11:28,055 --> 00:11:29,055 and to make up time, 234 00:11:29,089 --> 00:11:30,919 they're splitting into two groups, 235 00:11:30,958 --> 00:11:32,088 with the second team 236 00:11:32,125 --> 00:11:35,225 led by associate scientist Martyn Unsworth 237 00:11:35,262 --> 00:11:37,732 and survival expert Richie Hunter. 238 00:11:44,337 --> 00:11:46,607 The cloud ceiling will be at 8,000 feet. 239 00:11:46,639 --> 00:11:49,839 Southerly winds 15 to 25 knots. 240 00:11:49,877 --> 00:11:53,207 Um, so, that'll be a key factor. 241 00:11:53,246 --> 00:11:56,216 Every site on Mount Erebus is completely different. 242 00:11:56,249 --> 00:11:57,889 That really worries me. 243 00:11:57,918 --> 00:11:59,918 We're dealing with completely different terrain, 244 00:11:59,953 --> 00:12:02,163 and the clouds on Mount Erebus 245 00:12:02,189 --> 00:12:04,419 can come in at a moment's notice, 246 00:12:04,457 --> 00:12:08,027 so some sites are at risk of, of extreme weather. 247 00:12:11,031 --> 00:12:12,971 The plan is for Danny and Graham's team 248 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:17,540 to work site 92, on the southern slope of the mountain... 249 00:12:20,273 --> 00:12:24,883 ...while Martyn and Richie head to site 68, on the north face. 250 00:12:38,691 --> 00:12:40,161 Yeah. 251 00:12:51,704 --> 00:12:55,184 That whole of Mount Erebus is a mixture of glaciers, 252 00:12:55,208 --> 00:12:56,638 and it's heavily crevassed. 253 00:12:56,676 --> 00:13:00,246 Some of those crevasses are far deeper than you'd ever imagine. 254 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:02,180 They're big, black, and scary, 255 00:13:02,215 --> 00:13:05,285 and the, the problem is, they have a snow bridge, 256 00:13:05,318 --> 00:13:08,218 and that makes those crevasses completely invisible. 257 00:13:49,496 --> 00:13:52,796 This site is on a 25-degree slope, 258 00:13:52,832 --> 00:13:54,972 and most choppers can't land safely 259 00:13:55,002 --> 00:13:57,402 on anything more than 10 degrees. 260 00:14:05,545 --> 00:14:13,045 * 261 00:14:30,703 --> 00:14:34,073 When the slopes exceed a safe landing angle, 262 00:14:34,107 --> 00:14:37,637 I'll get out very carefully and actually chip away 263 00:14:37,677 --> 00:14:39,807 on a landing pad on the side of the mountain. 264 00:14:45,285 --> 00:14:47,955 It's very important we're 100 percent certain 265 00:14:47,988 --> 00:14:49,218 we're not on a snow bridge. 266 00:14:49,256 --> 00:14:51,016 The pilot will keep the machine under power 267 00:14:51,058 --> 00:14:52,728 while we make that call. 268 00:15:01,601 --> 00:15:05,711 * 269 00:15:05,738 --> 00:15:08,978 I'm dealing with a volcano underneath my feet. 270 00:15:09,009 --> 00:15:13,079 It's steep angle. It's snow and ice slopes. 271 00:15:13,113 --> 00:15:15,653 If I make a mistake, the outcome can be fatal. 272 00:15:15,682 --> 00:15:25,192 * 273 00:15:39,906 --> 00:15:41,906 The Mount Erebus team's research site 274 00:15:41,941 --> 00:15:44,841 is too steep for the chopper to land on, 275 00:15:44,877 --> 00:15:48,917 so field guide Richie is stepping out, alone, 276 00:15:48,948 --> 00:15:51,118 to dig out a landing pad. 277 00:15:51,151 --> 00:15:52,791 This is not done very often. 278 00:15:52,819 --> 00:15:55,119 The danger, of course, is it's incredibly hard work 279 00:15:55,155 --> 00:15:58,855 to be over 7,000 feet in a polar region 280 00:15:58,891 --> 00:16:00,831 and having to dig a platform. 281 00:16:00,860 --> 00:16:02,160 That's the challenge. 282 00:16:02,195 --> 00:16:15,275 * 283 00:16:15,308 --> 00:16:19,208 * 284 00:16:28,821 --> 00:16:31,321 Break the old shovel if you're not careful. 285 00:16:56,083 --> 00:16:56,883 Alright. 286 00:17:14,067 --> 00:17:15,367 If you dig it too deep, 287 00:17:15,402 --> 00:17:17,602 you can end up with the rotors becoming far too close 288 00:17:17,637 --> 00:17:19,107 to the slope angle of the mountain, 289 00:17:19,139 --> 00:17:21,339 so, given the risk, you need to be on your A game, 290 00:17:21,374 --> 00:17:23,444 and that, that pilot must have complete trust 291 00:17:23,476 --> 00:17:25,036 in us on the ground. 292 00:17:25,078 --> 00:17:39,888 * 293 00:17:39,926 --> 00:17:54,236 * 294 00:17:55,975 --> 00:17:58,945 * 295 00:18:23,170 --> 00:18:35,250 * 296 00:18:35,282 --> 00:18:36,382 So right now, in the front, 297 00:18:36,416 --> 00:18:39,016 we're coming in, you can see the Onyx River, 298 00:18:39,051 --> 00:18:41,091 longest river in Antarctica. 299 00:18:41,120 --> 00:18:43,090 What a great view. 300 00:18:43,122 --> 00:18:45,862 99.7 percent of Antarctica 301 00:18:45,892 --> 00:18:48,202 is covered in snow and ice, 302 00:18:48,228 --> 00:18:52,968 but not here, 50 miles from Scott Base, in the Dry Valleys. 303 00:19:02,275 --> 00:19:05,135 Virtually the only life that can survive here 304 00:19:05,178 --> 00:19:06,578 is microscopic. 305 00:19:06,613 --> 00:19:07,653 And that's exactly why 306 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:10,050 Craig Cary and his team are here. 307 00:19:20,092 --> 00:19:22,662 We made it! Yay! 308 00:19:25,365 --> 00:19:27,625 My obsession is with understanding 309 00:19:27,667 --> 00:19:30,197 how organisms can survive 310 00:19:30,237 --> 00:19:33,967 in some of the most extreme environments on the planet, 311 00:19:34,006 --> 00:19:36,206 the coldest places on Earth, 312 00:19:36,243 --> 00:19:38,813 the driest places on Earth. 313 00:19:38,845 --> 00:19:40,005 And the Dry Valleys 314 00:19:40,046 --> 00:19:43,446 is the coldest, driest place in the world. 315 00:19:43,483 --> 00:19:44,323 How's it going, buddy? 316 00:19:44,351 --> 00:19:45,351 Good to see you again. 317 00:19:45,385 --> 00:19:46,785 Yeah. Good to see you, man. 318 00:19:46,819 --> 00:19:50,059 The Dry Valleys is the largest ice-free area on the continent, 319 00:19:50,089 --> 00:19:53,429 so, likely, it's got the most biology. 320 00:19:56,929 --> 00:19:58,329 Made it to Miers. 321 00:19:58,365 --> 00:19:59,725 What a beautiful valley. 322 00:19:59,766 --> 00:20:02,366 Kind of nice to come into a big camp like this, 323 00:20:02,402 --> 00:20:04,572 with all of our colleagues. 324 00:20:04,604 --> 00:20:05,744 For 21 days, 325 00:20:05,772 --> 00:20:09,182 12 scientists will break into 3 teams... 326 00:20:09,208 --> 00:20:11,478 Another bright, sunny day. 327 00:20:11,511 --> 00:20:13,011 Time for some more work. 328 00:20:13,045 --> 00:20:14,275 ...to cover 50 miles 329 00:20:14,314 --> 00:20:19,154 across Miers, Wright, Victoria, and Taylor valleys... 330 00:20:19,185 --> 00:20:21,345 Today is the first of our sample sites. 331 00:20:21,388 --> 00:20:22,688 It's going to be fun. 332 00:20:22,722 --> 00:20:24,762 ...to learn what the climate, the soil, 333 00:20:24,791 --> 00:20:26,931 and the microbial life can teach us 334 00:20:26,959 --> 00:20:30,529 about our own ability to adapt to a changing planet. 335 00:20:30,563 --> 00:20:32,233 These systems are very unique, 336 00:20:32,265 --> 00:20:35,535 and as things change, climate-wise, 337 00:20:35,568 --> 00:20:39,308 they're going to change and could change irreversibly. 338 00:20:39,339 --> 00:20:44,009 Species could die, and as the stewards of this planet, 339 00:20:44,043 --> 00:20:47,883 we shouldn't tolerate extinction. 340 00:20:47,914 --> 00:20:49,624 How long do you think you guys are going to be? 341 00:20:49,649 --> 00:20:51,179 At least eight hours. 342 00:20:51,217 --> 00:20:52,017 Yeah. 343 00:20:52,051 --> 00:20:53,621 I'm a slowpoke. 344 00:20:53,653 --> 00:20:55,823 We got a couple of sites to knock off this afternoon, 345 00:20:55,855 --> 00:20:59,455 and we got one group going to the eastern side of the valley. 346 00:20:59,492 --> 00:21:01,632 Let's go. 347 00:21:01,661 --> 00:21:02,631 We've got people moving 348 00:21:02,662 --> 00:21:05,932 from Miers up to the Wright Valley. 349 00:21:05,965 --> 00:21:07,495 SD card? 350 00:21:07,534 --> 00:21:08,974 Yes. 351 00:21:09,001 --> 00:21:10,971 This is exciting. 352 00:21:11,003 --> 00:21:12,173 So, Paul. Hey, Paul. 353 00:21:12,204 --> 00:21:15,074 What, so, what's, what's up for today? 354 00:21:15,107 --> 00:21:16,677 So, I'm going to head down there now, 355 00:21:16,709 --> 00:21:18,139 and then we'll fly. 356 00:21:18,177 --> 00:21:19,477 Okay. 357 00:21:19,512 --> 00:21:20,952 We'll see how it goes, what the weather does. 358 00:21:20,980 --> 00:21:22,110 Keep us in the loop. 359 00:21:22,148 --> 00:21:24,578 Geospatial technician Paul Bealing 360 00:21:24,617 --> 00:21:27,247 and climatologist Marwan Katurji... 361 00:21:27,286 --> 00:21:29,156 Okay, Marwan, go a little bit clockwise. 362 00:21:29,188 --> 00:21:30,018 Two degrees. 363 00:21:30,056 --> 00:21:31,086 Two degrees. 364 00:21:31,123 --> 00:21:32,663 ...are creating a 3D map 365 00:21:32,692 --> 00:21:36,902 of the unique microclimates that exist in the Dry Valleys. 366 00:21:36,929 --> 00:21:39,329 The climate group's experiment flying 367 00:21:39,366 --> 00:21:41,526 was the final peg in the hole that's going to create 368 00:21:41,568 --> 00:21:43,768 probably one of the most interesting experiments 369 00:21:43,803 --> 00:21:48,113 that we've run in the valleys since I've been working here. 370 00:21:48,140 --> 00:21:49,580 It's a big day. 371 00:21:49,609 --> 00:21:51,509 Nervous now, gotta fly. 372 00:21:51,544 --> 00:21:53,654 I always get nervous before I fly. 373 00:21:53,680 --> 00:21:55,310 Anything can happen. 374 00:21:57,484 --> 00:22:00,024 We go to the Dry Valleys 375 00:22:00,052 --> 00:22:03,162 because the surface cover is very simple, 376 00:22:03,189 --> 00:22:04,919 and we can do observations 377 00:22:04,957 --> 00:22:07,457 that we can't do anywhere else in the world. 378 00:22:07,494 --> 00:22:08,934 So, I'm going to start, Peyman. 379 00:22:08,961 --> 00:22:10,361 Okay. 380 00:22:10,397 --> 00:22:11,957 The drone captures what's happening 381 00:22:11,998 --> 00:22:12,998 at the upper levels 382 00:22:13,032 --> 00:22:14,632 of the atmosphere, 383 00:22:14,667 --> 00:22:15,967 and that's combined with data 384 00:22:16,002 --> 00:22:17,772 from the lower levels, 385 00:22:17,804 --> 00:22:19,314 where most human activity 386 00:22:19,338 --> 00:22:20,508 takes place, 387 00:22:20,540 --> 00:22:22,810 to create a complete model. 388 00:22:22,842 --> 00:22:25,382 Okay, diags is running. 389 00:22:25,412 --> 00:22:28,382 What I've done now is set up the high-end infrared camera, 390 00:22:28,415 --> 00:22:30,215 and what we're trying to do is measure 391 00:22:30,249 --> 00:22:32,949 the surface temperature of different surfaces, 392 00:22:32,985 --> 00:22:34,715 the coldest being the lake, obviously, 393 00:22:34,754 --> 00:22:36,524 so the blue violet colors. 394 00:22:36,556 --> 00:22:37,716 And this is one of the dynamics 395 00:22:37,757 --> 00:22:40,587 we're trying to capture in our analysis. 396 00:22:40,627 --> 00:22:42,087 That's what we want. 397 00:22:42,128 --> 00:22:43,698 Weather is a global phenomenon, 398 00:22:43,730 --> 00:22:45,900 and whatever happens in Antarctica 399 00:22:45,932 --> 00:22:51,202 will affect eventually weather in different areas in the world. 400 00:22:51,237 --> 00:22:53,037 Temperature, zero Celsius. 401 00:22:53,072 --> 00:22:55,372 Every now and then, the wind picks up. 402 00:22:55,408 --> 00:22:57,778 My main focus is the surface. 403 00:22:57,810 --> 00:23:00,780 A few meters above the ground is where people live, 404 00:23:00,813 --> 00:23:04,183 where we grow our crops, so this is why it is important. 405 00:23:04,216 --> 00:23:05,916 Good enough. 406 00:23:05,952 --> 00:23:06,992 Alright. 407 00:23:07,019 --> 00:23:09,289 Next is flying the UAV. 408 00:23:16,496 --> 00:23:26,336 * 409 00:23:26,372 --> 00:23:38,622 * 410 00:23:52,298 --> 00:23:57,738 * 411 00:23:57,770 --> 00:23:59,140 When we break ice, 412 00:23:59,171 --> 00:24:04,441 it's like, imagine a 10, 12 Richter scale earthquake. 413 00:24:04,477 --> 00:24:08,847 To be on board during that experience, 414 00:24:08,881 --> 00:24:12,151 just imagine yourself in an earthquake for a week, 415 00:24:12,184 --> 00:24:13,924 nonstop. 416 00:24:13,953 --> 00:24:15,493 With all engines firing, 417 00:24:15,522 --> 00:24:20,992 the Polar St can smash through about 950 feet of ice per hour. 418 00:24:21,027 --> 00:24:23,857 That means it has to break 14 hours a day 419 00:24:23,896 --> 00:24:26,526 in order to finish in a week. 420 00:24:26,566 --> 00:24:27,896 Most boats don't like to go through 421 00:24:27,934 --> 00:24:29,104 even a thin layer of ice, 422 00:24:29,135 --> 00:24:30,795 and we're going through six-foot, seven-foot, 423 00:24:30,837 --> 00:24:35,677 eight-foot chunks of ice continuously. 424 00:24:35,708 --> 00:24:39,108 We're asking a lot of a very old ship. 425 00:24:42,048 --> 00:24:44,218 My God. 426 00:24:44,250 --> 00:24:45,690 We're getting an odd amount of water 427 00:24:45,718 --> 00:24:49,518 dripping from the number 90 turbine enclosure. 428 00:24:49,556 --> 00:24:51,156 Why is that doing that? 429 00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:53,030 We've got an alarm. Send somebody to investigate it. 430 00:24:53,059 --> 00:24:54,689 Want me to put the propulsion mode in neutral? 431 00:24:54,727 --> 00:24:55,997 You can put them all in neutral. 432 00:24:56,028 --> 00:24:57,958 We can't go anywhere. 433 00:24:57,997 --> 00:24:59,727 Something's going wrong. 434 00:25:03,703 --> 00:25:05,503 Main Control, Bridge. 435 00:25:05,538 --> 00:25:08,408 We're seeing some fluctuation in the readings up here. 436 00:25:10,743 --> 00:25:14,013 Put the engines on 30-minute standby. 437 00:25:14,046 --> 00:25:14,846 Alright, well. 438 00:25:14,881 --> 00:25:16,121 Okay, two hours? 439 00:25:16,148 --> 00:25:18,018 Turbines off, ma'am. It's secure. 440 00:25:18,050 --> 00:25:20,020 Roger. 441 00:25:26,358 --> 00:25:28,288 We have to shut down propulsion 442 00:25:28,327 --> 00:25:32,157 and have experts on board determine what's going on. 443 00:25:32,198 --> 00:25:36,998 If I lose a shaft, it's going to cause all sorts of problems. 444 00:25:37,036 --> 00:25:39,306 If you can imagine trying to drive your car 445 00:25:39,338 --> 00:25:42,438 with three wheels... it won't work. 446 00:25:42,474 --> 00:25:44,984 So, the engineers have to take time to fix it, 447 00:25:45,011 --> 00:25:46,911 and that slows my progress down. 448 00:25:46,946 --> 00:25:50,316 Potentially, could cause the mission to fail. 449 00:25:50,349 --> 00:25:52,079 Can you go investigate? 450 00:25:52,118 --> 00:25:53,948 Micronet. Reset. 451 00:25:53,986 --> 00:25:57,016 Working on it. 452 00:25:57,056 --> 00:25:59,756 Trying to get it to be happy. 453 00:25:59,792 --> 00:26:01,232 Come on, ****. 454 00:26:01,260 --> 00:26:05,330 * 455 00:26:12,939 --> 00:26:14,309 Do you have an ETR? 456 00:26:14,340 --> 00:26:18,650 Give us like, two, two hours. 457 00:26:18,678 --> 00:26:21,448 Two hours. Roger. 458 00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,450 Just an hour into a week of breaking ice, 459 00:26:24,483 --> 00:26:25,793 a malfunctioning turbine 460 00:26:25,818 --> 00:26:29,788 has the Polar Star dead in the water. 461 00:26:29,822 --> 00:26:31,262 Hello, Captain. 462 00:26:31,290 --> 00:26:33,360 Copeland found a bolt that had come undone, 463 00:26:33,392 --> 00:26:35,432 so he's going to repair that now. 464 00:26:35,461 --> 00:26:36,361 Thank you, Captain. 465 00:26:36,395 --> 00:26:37,725 Yep. 466 00:26:37,764 --> 00:26:42,004 The anti-rotation bar is inside the shaft assembly. 467 00:26:42,034 --> 00:26:43,174 Each propeller shaft 468 00:26:43,202 --> 00:26:46,642 has an individual oil distribution box. 469 00:26:46,673 --> 00:26:49,243 The anti-rotation bar keeps it from moving 470 00:26:49,275 --> 00:26:50,905 while the shaft spins. 471 00:26:50,943 --> 00:26:55,353 If the bar breaks, the OD box will twist itself apart, 472 00:26:55,381 --> 00:26:57,451 shutting the whole system down. 473 00:26:57,483 --> 00:26:59,493 Because of the shaking of the ship, 474 00:26:59,518 --> 00:27:01,618 just like the paper clip 475 00:27:01,654 --> 00:27:03,794 gets bent and bent and bent and breaks, 476 00:27:03,823 --> 00:27:05,523 so we don't have spares, 477 00:27:05,557 --> 00:27:08,357 so we have to manufacture them from scratch. 478 00:27:08,394 --> 00:27:12,264 She's old. We got to baby her, keep her going. 479 00:27:15,802 --> 00:27:19,042 So, we're doing a repair for the anti-rotation bar 480 00:27:19,071 --> 00:27:22,781 in the number one shaft. 481 00:27:22,809 --> 00:27:27,079 So, we're welding a new one before anything bad happens. 482 00:27:27,113 --> 00:27:30,183 The shaking of the ice, I mean, it's violent, and it's nonstop. 483 00:27:33,686 --> 00:27:36,316 12 hours of violent shaking, stuff's going to break, 484 00:27:36,355 --> 00:27:39,985 so we're just trying to prevent that from happening again. 485 00:27:40,026 --> 00:27:41,086 She's an old girl. 486 00:27:41,127 --> 00:27:43,597 We're not going to let her quit, though. 487 00:27:43,629 --> 00:27:55,039 * 488 00:27:55,074 --> 00:27:57,844 That should be good. 489 00:27:57,877 --> 00:28:01,007 The turbine shaft runs along the bottom of the hull, 490 00:28:01,047 --> 00:28:03,977 through a labyrinth of pipes and mechanical systems. 491 00:28:04,016 --> 00:28:05,146 We're going to leave it right here for now 492 00:28:05,184 --> 00:28:07,854 because we got to take that apart first. 493 00:28:07,887 --> 00:28:09,417 And before they can replace it... 494 00:28:09,455 --> 00:28:11,085 Get that antirotation bar in there. 495 00:28:11,123 --> 00:28:13,093 ...they have to climb through and prep it. 496 00:28:13,125 --> 00:28:14,425 Our job is to break the channel 497 00:28:14,460 --> 00:28:16,500 so that we can get those supply ships in there 498 00:28:16,528 --> 00:28:19,228 and resupply the continent. 499 00:28:19,265 --> 00:28:21,325 Can you get some bilge filters? 500 00:28:21,367 --> 00:28:23,237 So, they don't realize it, 501 00:28:23,269 --> 00:28:24,699 but the crew down below 502 00:28:24,737 --> 00:28:27,807 has the weight of the entire continent on their shoulders. 503 00:28:27,840 --> 00:28:41,250 * 504 00:28:41,287 --> 00:28:44,117 7,000 feet up Mount Erebus, 505 00:28:44,156 --> 00:28:47,686 Martyn and his team are on the leeward side of the mountain, 506 00:28:47,726 --> 00:28:51,296 and the conditions are slowing them to a crawl. 507 00:28:51,330 --> 00:28:53,130 This will be a pretty challenging site 508 00:28:53,165 --> 00:28:54,725 for the crew today. 509 00:28:56,668 --> 00:28:58,138 We're riddled with gradient. 510 00:28:58,170 --> 00:29:01,370 We've got sastrugi, which is this surface snow, 511 00:29:01,407 --> 00:29:04,807 heavily affected by wind, sun, or precipitation. 512 00:29:04,844 --> 00:29:07,814 It's been absolutely hammered over the last two weeks. 513 00:29:07,847 --> 00:29:10,077 Sastrugi sort of forms ripples in the snow, 514 00:29:10,116 --> 00:29:11,576 and you've probably seen something sort of similar 515 00:29:11,617 --> 00:29:13,787 at a beach, where the wind carves the sand 516 00:29:13,820 --> 00:29:15,890 into some really quite incredible patterns. 517 00:29:15,922 --> 00:29:19,392 Now, the sastrugi in Antarctica can get up to a meter high, 518 00:29:19,425 --> 00:29:22,255 so it's incredibly challenging to dig in. 519 00:29:22,294 --> 00:29:27,204 Sometimes the shovel just bounces straight back off it. 520 00:29:27,233 --> 00:29:29,473 But it's very slippery, hard to walk on. 521 00:29:29,501 --> 00:29:32,401 And we all know that if any gear disappears, not to chase it. 522 00:29:32,438 --> 00:29:34,138 We just wave it good-bye. 523 00:29:34,173 --> 00:29:36,213 The team is working to bury sensors 524 00:29:36,242 --> 00:29:40,412 to create a 3D picture of the volcano's inner magma flow. 525 00:29:40,446 --> 00:29:43,346 Pretty much centered, which is what we're looking for, 526 00:29:43,382 --> 00:29:47,022 and we'll just double-check the orientation. 527 00:29:47,053 --> 00:29:48,193 Yep, it's magnetic north, 528 00:29:48,220 --> 00:29:50,720 which is not the same as geographic down here. 529 00:29:50,756 --> 00:29:52,826 It's actually, quite a bit different. 530 00:29:58,464 --> 00:29:59,934 And each site requires 531 00:29:59,966 --> 00:30:03,996 $100,000 worth of highly sensitive electronics. 532 00:30:04,036 --> 00:30:05,436 Up here, the snow has got 533 00:30:05,471 --> 00:30:07,811 some volcanic ash in it and other stuff, 534 00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:11,940 which makes it a little bit more conductive. 535 00:30:14,981 --> 00:30:17,151 Come on. 536 00:30:17,183 --> 00:30:20,123 So, we're just waiting here for the instrument to start. 537 00:30:20,152 --> 00:30:22,252 Richie, just we're having a bit of a computer issue here. 538 00:30:22,288 --> 00:30:23,618 Okay. 539 00:30:23,655 --> 00:30:25,015 We have to see it's working before we leave. 540 00:30:25,057 --> 00:30:26,757 Otherwise, there's really no point. 541 00:30:26,792 --> 00:30:30,662 Um, we need to work as quick as we can. 542 00:30:30,696 --> 00:30:34,896 I think one of these cables is a little bit flakey. 543 00:30:34,934 --> 00:30:36,504 We want to reconsider our time. 544 00:30:36,535 --> 00:30:41,165 Yeah, I think we've gone over our ground time actually. 545 00:30:41,207 --> 00:30:43,777 Scott Base, Scott Base. Richie. 546 00:30:43,809 --> 00:30:47,349 Just a bit of an update for you. We're still on site here. 547 00:30:47,379 --> 00:30:52,579 We'll be intending on leaving here approximately 11:20. 548 00:31:00,826 --> 00:31:02,386 We're going to try and hustle here, guys, 549 00:31:02,428 --> 00:31:07,698 so just keep on, keep on winding the dial. 550 00:31:07,733 --> 00:31:09,043 Yeah, we're just waiting on this thing, 551 00:31:09,068 --> 00:31:11,638 and sometimes, Richie, these guys just don't cooperate. 552 00:31:11,670 --> 00:31:15,010 Mount Erebus has a significant level of exposure. 553 00:31:15,041 --> 00:31:17,311 Based on the terrain that we're operating in, 554 00:31:17,343 --> 00:31:18,843 it's a steep angle. 555 00:31:18,877 --> 00:31:20,047 We're dealing with a volcano, 556 00:31:20,079 --> 00:31:21,749 so we're potentially looking at projectiles 557 00:31:21,780 --> 00:31:24,220 coming out of that, that crater from time to time. 558 00:31:24,250 --> 00:31:27,190 If we have a delay, there can be a significant safety concern. 559 00:31:27,219 --> 00:31:29,619 That's when things can really go seriously wrong. 560 00:31:29,655 --> 00:31:31,755 We have got the GPS working. 561 00:31:31,790 --> 00:31:33,190 Someone just throw me a jacket a minute. 562 00:31:33,225 --> 00:31:35,485 I'm just having a hard time seeing. 563 00:31:38,998 --> 00:31:43,038 Okay, test data looks great. 564 00:31:43,069 --> 00:31:45,539 It's going. It's looking good. 565 00:31:45,571 --> 00:31:46,941 Okay, let's get out of here. 566 00:31:49,875 --> 00:31:51,505 Antarctica's a stunning place, 567 00:31:51,543 --> 00:31:53,453 but it's incredibly dangerous. 568 00:31:53,479 --> 00:31:55,049 There're so many things that could go wrong. 569 00:31:55,081 --> 00:31:57,481 The risk is always there. It's always changing. 570 00:31:57,516 --> 00:31:59,086 Let's cool that good. 571 00:31:59,118 --> 00:32:00,318 So, there's a satisfaction 572 00:32:00,352 --> 00:32:02,052 of getting back home at the end of the day. 573 00:32:02,088 --> 00:32:12,128 * 574 00:32:12,131 --> 00:32:17,701 * 575 00:32:17,736 --> 00:32:20,306 52 miles away in Miers Valley... 576 00:32:22,474 --> 00:32:25,884 It's really cold today. Light winds. 577 00:32:25,911 --> 00:32:27,951 I hate to think what it's doing up there. 578 00:32:27,980 --> 00:32:30,150 Paul is ready to put his drone in the air 579 00:32:30,182 --> 00:32:32,122 for the first time. 580 00:32:32,151 --> 00:32:33,791 See what happens. 581 00:32:33,819 --> 00:32:35,689 I'll come fire up the probe, okay? 582 00:32:35,721 --> 00:32:37,221 It records temperature, 583 00:32:37,256 --> 00:32:40,626 wind speed, and moisture 50 times a second, 584 00:32:40,659 --> 00:32:43,329 and captures high-definition images. 585 00:32:43,362 --> 00:32:44,562 And the probe. 586 00:32:44,596 --> 00:32:46,296 Camera is on, probe is on. 587 00:32:46,332 --> 00:32:47,832 The equipment on board is custom-made 588 00:32:47,866 --> 00:32:49,966 by guys that make stuff for NASA. 589 00:32:50,002 --> 00:32:51,442 You do all your checks, man? 590 00:32:51,470 --> 00:32:52,670 Yep, yes, we did. 591 00:32:52,704 --> 00:32:56,614 So, we've got around 80 grand in the air. 592 00:32:56,642 --> 00:32:58,042 Looks good. 593 00:32:58,077 --> 00:32:59,107 Ready? 594 00:32:59,145 --> 00:33:02,575 Oui, monsieur. 595 00:33:02,614 --> 00:33:04,484 Let's pull the pin on this hand grenade. 596 00:33:04,516 --> 00:33:09,656 Pin in 3, 2, 1. 597 00:33:09,688 --> 00:33:11,058 Okay, are you ready? 598 00:33:11,090 --> 00:33:12,020 Confirm. 599 00:33:12,058 --> 00:33:13,658 I'm getting nervous. 600 00:33:13,692 --> 00:33:15,792 When I'm flying, don't talk to me. 601 00:33:15,827 --> 00:33:18,057 I never feel relaxed when this thing's in the air. 602 00:33:18,097 --> 00:33:20,027 Anything could happen. 603 00:33:20,066 --> 00:33:21,766 Okay, here we go. 604 00:33:21,800 --> 00:33:24,170 Alrighty, let's get this thing in the sky. 605 00:33:33,179 --> 00:33:34,249 Alright, probe is out. 606 00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:35,350 Probe is out. It's at waypoint? 607 00:33:35,381 --> 00:33:36,851 Yes. 608 00:33:38,917 --> 00:33:40,987 Waypoint engaged. 609 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:42,689 To get a complete data set, 610 00:33:42,721 --> 00:33:44,361 the autopilot flies the drone 611 00:33:44,390 --> 00:33:47,260 on a set path at different altitudes, 612 00:33:47,293 --> 00:33:49,763 over and over again. 613 00:33:49,795 --> 00:33:51,725 Alright, it's turning around its waypoint. 614 00:33:51,763 --> 00:33:52,563 Heading east? 615 00:33:52,598 --> 00:33:53,468 Yep. 616 00:33:53,499 --> 00:33:54,499 Perfect. 617 00:33:54,533 --> 00:33:55,733 Halfway to its second waypoint 618 00:33:55,767 --> 00:33:57,967 and then make a right-hand turn. 619 00:33:58,003 --> 00:33:58,943 And it's designed to fly 620 00:33:58,970 --> 00:34:02,040 in wind speeds over 40 knots. 621 00:34:02,074 --> 00:34:03,444 It's doing well. 622 00:34:03,475 --> 00:34:06,805 So far, everything's working according to plan. 623 00:34:06,845 --> 00:34:09,875 It's maintaining its 100-foot altitude. 624 00:34:09,915 --> 00:34:11,645 I've got good battery voltage. 625 00:34:11,683 --> 00:34:14,123 Just have to wait for it to finish. 626 00:34:14,153 --> 00:34:17,693 So, now it's halfway along its path. 627 00:34:17,723 --> 00:34:19,233 It's struggling a bit through the wind. 628 00:34:19,258 --> 00:34:20,628 Yeah, there's definitely quite a bit of wind up there. 629 00:34:20,659 --> 00:34:22,889 It's 29 knots. It's really blowing up there. 630 00:34:22,928 --> 00:34:24,558 You wouldn't believe. 631 00:34:24,596 --> 00:34:26,296 Climb to 100 feet. 632 00:34:26,332 --> 00:34:28,472 33 knots! 633 00:34:28,500 --> 00:34:32,740 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42. 634 00:34:32,771 --> 00:34:34,541 What's it doing? 635 00:34:34,573 --> 00:34:35,743 Drifted a bit. 636 00:34:35,774 --> 00:34:37,114 Yeah, it missed its waypoint, did it? 637 00:34:37,143 --> 00:34:38,143 Yeah. 638 00:34:38,177 --> 00:34:39,847 I've never seen that before. 639 00:34:39,878 --> 00:34:41,678 Not a good sign. 640 00:34:41,713 --> 00:34:43,953 Is the orientation on the compass wrong? 641 00:34:43,982 --> 00:34:45,152 It's way off track. 642 00:34:45,184 --> 00:34:47,054 I think it got a strong gust. 643 00:34:47,085 --> 00:34:49,315 It's starting to get, like, beyond its capability. 644 00:34:49,355 --> 00:34:51,185 Yeah, the compass is off by 180, man. 645 00:34:51,223 --> 00:34:52,023 Want me to go manual? 646 00:34:52,057 --> 00:34:53,527 Yeah, just go. 647 00:34:53,559 --> 00:34:55,829 Okay, we'll go manual. 648 00:34:55,861 --> 00:34:56,961 Heart rate goes up. 649 00:34:59,231 --> 00:35:01,431 You need to know how to fly the thing manually 650 00:35:01,467 --> 00:35:03,067 because things go wrong. 651 00:35:03,101 --> 00:35:05,941 It always gets knocked around there? 652 00:35:05,971 --> 00:35:08,511 I don't mind flying in some wind, 653 00:35:08,540 --> 00:35:11,510 but when you're getting up some really high wind speed, 654 00:35:11,543 --> 00:35:12,983 there's always a bit of nerves. 655 00:35:13,011 --> 00:35:15,111 Let's see how straight you can fly in this wind. 656 00:35:15,147 --> 00:35:16,377 I'm just going to pick a point on the horizon 657 00:35:16,415 --> 00:35:18,445 and go for it. 658 00:35:18,484 --> 00:35:20,094 We've just brought the one UAV, 659 00:35:20,118 --> 00:35:23,088 so, if the plane crashes, we go home. 660 00:35:23,121 --> 00:35:25,221 Doing some funkiness there. 661 00:35:25,257 --> 00:35:27,357 We've got winds coming from the other direction now. 662 00:35:27,393 --> 00:35:30,833 44, 45, 47, 49 knots. 663 00:35:30,862 --> 00:35:33,602 That's over 100 kilometers an hour. 664 00:35:33,632 --> 00:35:34,902 I'm going to write this down. 665 00:35:34,933 --> 00:35:40,713 50, 52, 53, 54... 666 00:35:40,739 --> 00:35:43,039 59, 60! 667 00:35:43,074 --> 00:35:44,744 Record. 668 00:35:44,776 --> 00:35:46,006 It's still pointing in the right direction? 669 00:35:46,044 --> 00:35:47,414 It's drifting towards us. 670 00:35:48,914 --> 00:35:51,224 What's it doing? 671 00:35:51,250 --> 00:35:52,980 The curse of Antarctica. 672 00:36:01,560 --> 00:36:03,630 What's it doing? 673 00:36:03,662 --> 00:36:04,862 It's still pointing in the right direction? 674 00:36:04,896 --> 00:36:06,396 It's drifting towards us. 675 00:36:06,432 --> 00:36:07,602 Paul is flying 676 00:36:07,633 --> 00:36:10,273 the climate team's $80,000 drone system. 677 00:36:10,302 --> 00:36:11,802 It's fighting so much wind. 678 00:36:11,837 --> 00:36:13,267 It just can't handle it. 679 00:36:13,305 --> 00:36:17,405 And the winds are gusting to 70 miles per hour. 680 00:36:17,443 --> 00:36:19,143 Maintain heading. I'll tell you when to turn. 681 00:36:19,177 --> 00:36:21,877 Thank you. That's good. 682 00:36:21,913 --> 00:36:27,653 Do a right-hand turn in 3, 2, 1, now. 683 00:36:27,686 --> 00:36:28,816 How's that? 684 00:36:28,854 --> 00:36:31,324 That's good. Maintain heading. 685 00:36:31,357 --> 00:36:33,927 That's easier said than done when it's blowing 54 knots. 686 00:36:33,959 --> 00:36:35,189 You're doing good. 687 00:36:35,227 --> 00:36:36,227 We're seeing 688 00:36:36,262 --> 00:36:37,832 60-knot average wind speeds, 689 00:36:37,863 --> 00:36:39,103 which is very high. 690 00:36:39,130 --> 00:36:41,670 The most I've ever flown in is about 50 knots. 691 00:36:41,700 --> 00:36:44,540 Left-hand turn a bit. Keep going. 692 00:36:44,570 --> 00:36:46,040 But, yeah, there's obviously more pressure 693 00:36:46,071 --> 00:36:48,841 to make the most of the remaining time we've got. 694 00:36:48,874 --> 00:36:50,414 It's got to move south a bit. 695 00:36:50,442 --> 00:36:51,382 And if we don't fly, 696 00:36:51,410 --> 00:36:52,240 they're going to be missing 697 00:36:52,278 --> 00:36:53,548 the last component of the data 698 00:36:53,579 --> 00:36:55,379 that they planned on getting. 699 00:36:55,414 --> 00:37:00,424 A right-hand turn again in 3, 2, 1. 700 00:37:00,452 --> 00:37:01,952 I think it just can't handle it. 701 00:37:01,987 --> 00:37:03,317 It's too much wind for it. 702 00:37:03,355 --> 00:37:05,415 We'll do a couple more, and we'll call it off. 703 00:37:08,427 --> 00:37:10,697 Do a left-hand adjustment a little bit. 704 00:37:10,729 --> 00:37:11,859 Like that? 705 00:37:11,897 --> 00:37:12,827 Because it's struggling into that wind, 706 00:37:12,864 --> 00:37:14,474 it's using battery up faster. 707 00:37:14,500 --> 00:37:15,630 We might have to land. 708 00:37:15,667 --> 00:37:17,497 Keep going. Almost there. 709 00:37:17,536 --> 00:37:19,166 Right-hand turn, now. 710 00:37:21,307 --> 00:37:22,437 A low battery. 711 00:37:22,474 --> 00:37:24,214 Now I've got a battery left. I'm coming home. 712 00:37:24,242 --> 00:37:26,042 Okay. That's good. 713 00:37:26,077 --> 00:37:27,777 The team has a complete data set 714 00:37:27,813 --> 00:37:29,523 from higher altitude, 715 00:37:29,548 --> 00:37:32,848 but they still need to get the drone back in one piece. 716 00:37:32,884 --> 00:37:36,194 We've got to figure out where we're going to land. 717 00:37:36,221 --> 00:37:40,231 So, this dry, dusty sand gets into the motor, 718 00:37:40,258 --> 00:37:42,788 so we're going to try and land on this wet sand. 719 00:37:42,828 --> 00:37:44,728 Of course, the danger with that is there's a river, 720 00:37:44,763 --> 00:37:47,503 so if we overshoot our landing and we end up in the drink, 721 00:37:47,533 --> 00:37:48,333 that'll be bad. 722 00:37:48,367 --> 00:37:50,797 The gear is not waterproof. 723 00:37:50,836 --> 00:37:51,936 You ready? 724 00:37:51,970 --> 00:37:53,570 Retract the probe, please, Marwan. 725 00:37:53,605 --> 00:37:55,165 Okay, the probe should be retracted. 726 00:37:55,206 --> 00:37:56,066 Okay, good. 727 00:37:56,107 --> 00:38:03,977 * 728 00:38:04,015 --> 00:38:05,545 You like how I hopped the river? 729 00:38:05,584 --> 00:38:06,494 How cool was that? 730 00:38:06,518 --> 00:38:08,018 Outstanding! 731 00:38:10,356 --> 00:38:12,286 So, from the angle I was standing back there, 732 00:38:12,324 --> 00:38:13,494 there's a bit of terrain. 733 00:38:13,525 --> 00:38:14,785 You can see the skid mark. 734 00:38:14,826 --> 00:38:16,996 Bounce. Jumped. 735 00:38:19,965 --> 00:38:21,595 We have data! 736 00:38:21,633 --> 00:38:22,573 We got data? 737 00:38:22,601 --> 00:38:24,841 Yeah, we got 21 megabytes. 738 00:38:24,870 --> 00:38:27,610 So, I'm thinking it was quite stagnant on this side. 739 00:38:27,639 --> 00:38:29,069 There was localized high pressure, 740 00:38:29,107 --> 00:38:31,277 and that will basically push the high winds 741 00:38:31,309 --> 00:38:33,449 a bit further south to the valley. 742 00:38:33,479 --> 00:38:36,549 Could be one of the hypothesis what you're observing here. 743 00:38:36,582 --> 00:38:39,252 I think we got really good data from the UAV this year. 744 00:38:39,284 --> 00:38:40,954 We were able to fly 745 00:38:40,986 --> 00:38:43,556 from the sandy surface of the Dry Valleys 746 00:38:43,589 --> 00:38:45,159 over the frozen lake, 747 00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:48,260 so we were able to measure two different surface types, 748 00:38:48,293 --> 00:38:50,903 but also wind speed and temperature 749 00:38:50,929 --> 00:38:54,029 from the surface up to 300 feet above the ground, 750 00:38:54,065 --> 00:38:55,565 so we have information 751 00:38:55,601 --> 00:38:59,041 on how the upper wind systems interact with those surfaces, 752 00:38:59,070 --> 00:39:01,840 so thankfully we achieved what we wanted. 753 00:39:01,873 --> 00:39:02,973 Certainly interesting. 754 00:39:03,008 --> 00:39:04,038 Well done. 755 00:39:06,378 --> 00:39:08,648 That's the highest wind speed I've ever flown in, 756 00:39:08,680 --> 00:39:11,050 so that was exciting. 757 00:39:11,082 --> 00:39:13,622 I'm officially a copilot now, not a scientist. 758 00:39:20,826 --> 00:39:26,466 * 759 00:39:26,498 --> 00:39:28,398 We're down to a couple hundred meters 760 00:39:28,434 --> 00:39:30,744 left to, turn off. 761 00:39:30,769 --> 00:39:33,909 And from there, we'll be in completely uncharted territory 762 00:39:33,939 --> 00:39:36,169 where we finally pull up. 763 00:39:36,207 --> 00:39:37,677 We're going to step foot 764 00:39:37,709 --> 00:39:41,949 where probably no other human has ever stepped foot before, 765 00:39:41,980 --> 00:39:45,650 which is a pretty unique feeling. 766 00:39:45,684 --> 00:39:49,894 After days of delays and punishing driving, 767 00:39:49,921 --> 00:39:53,461 the Ross Ice Shelf team is finally in sight of their goal. 768 00:39:53,492 --> 00:39:57,362 Less than 200 meters, the traverse of 2015, 769 00:39:57,395 --> 00:39:59,195 and the end of a saga. 770 00:39:59,230 --> 00:40:00,030 Woo-hoo! 771 00:40:01,467 --> 00:40:03,327 Team is approaching. 772 00:40:03,368 --> 00:40:07,468 375 kilometers, 773 00:40:07,506 --> 00:40:11,636 an average speed of 12.1 kilometers an hour, 774 00:40:11,677 --> 00:40:17,447 a total moving time of 30 hours and 56 minutes. 775 00:40:17,483 --> 00:40:19,153 Wow. 776 00:40:19,184 --> 00:40:19,994 Hey, look! 777 00:40:20,018 --> 00:40:21,748 Woo! 778 00:40:25,624 --> 00:40:27,634 We were getting quite bored of driving. 779 00:40:27,659 --> 00:40:30,429 Finally to get there, that's a magical moment. 780 00:40:30,462 --> 00:40:32,802 You know, we've just dragged all this equipment out there, 781 00:40:32,831 --> 00:40:35,371 you know, a few hundred thousand dollars, 782 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:36,800 several years of planning, 783 00:40:36,835 --> 00:40:39,195 six months of construction, and then it all comes together. 784 00:40:39,237 --> 00:40:43,237 * 785 00:40:43,274 --> 00:40:46,884 We're in the middle of nowhere right now. 786 00:40:46,912 --> 00:40:48,352 Well, congratulations. 787 00:40:48,379 --> 00:40:50,179 Yeah! 788 00:40:52,283 --> 00:40:57,463 We're about 367 kilometers from, Scott Base, 789 00:40:57,489 --> 00:41:01,489 where we left four or so days ago. 790 00:41:03,695 --> 00:41:05,495 Right on! Okay. 791 00:41:05,531 --> 00:41:08,531 Rob T. 792 00:41:08,567 --> 00:41:13,367 2015, yeah! 793 00:41:13,404 --> 00:41:15,244 This is where we're going to call home 794 00:41:15,273 --> 00:41:17,243 for the next week or so, 795 00:41:17,275 --> 00:41:19,205 so, we're going to make camp. 796 00:41:19,244 --> 00:41:22,314 It's going to be a busy week or so ahead. 797 00:41:22,347 --> 00:41:24,717 We've got a lot of science objectives to complete, 798 00:41:24,750 --> 00:41:27,150 and hopefully, fingers crossed, all goes well, 799 00:41:27,185 --> 00:41:31,415 they'll find what they're looking for on the seabed. 800 00:41:31,456 --> 00:41:32,916 It's only just begun. 801 00:41:32,958 --> 00:41:44,798 * 802 00:41:44,836 --> 00:41:46,296 Just looking at the map, 803 00:41:46,337 --> 00:41:48,807 looking what we already have, where things are. 804 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:50,980 After deploying an extra team, 805 00:41:51,009 --> 00:41:54,779 Graham and Danny are checking on the season's progress, 806 00:41:54,813 --> 00:41:56,823 and the news isn't good. 807 00:41:56,848 --> 00:41:57,878 Last week, we didn't do much, 808 00:41:57,916 --> 00:41:59,276 because of weather, at all. 809 00:41:59,317 --> 00:42:00,817 We'll never finish. 810 00:42:00,852 --> 00:42:02,322 A lot of places to go still. 811 00:42:02,353 --> 00:42:05,263 There are 59 completed. 812 00:42:05,290 --> 00:42:07,230 There are 10 in the ground. 813 00:42:07,258 --> 00:42:11,628 There are 2 left to repeat and 62 incompleted, 814 00:42:11,663 --> 00:42:14,573 so it's a bit grim. 815 00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:16,800 I don't think we have any chance. 816 00:42:16,835 --> 00:42:20,235 These are some of the most expensive measurements ever, 817 00:42:20,271 --> 00:42:21,671 ever made in the world. 818 00:42:21,707 --> 00:42:23,067 Because just the amount 819 00:42:23,108 --> 00:42:25,408 of resource and infrastructure 820 00:42:25,443 --> 00:42:26,653 that goes into making these 821 00:42:26,678 --> 00:42:29,248 measurements is, is huge. 822 00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:31,420 And it's not looking like we're going to quite manage 823 00:42:31,449 --> 00:42:32,319 to get it done. 824 00:42:32,350 --> 00:42:33,690 I wasn't expecting it. 825 00:42:33,719 --> 00:42:36,119 Yeah, it seems a bit daunting at this point. 826 00:42:38,924 --> 00:42:40,194 If we get a good weather run, 827 00:42:40,225 --> 00:42:43,025 we, we'll be able to catch up a bit, hopefully. 828 00:42:43,061 --> 00:42:46,601 So, basically we just need flying days, but we'll see. 829 00:42:46,632 --> 00:42:49,332 We're not really in control of the flight schedule. 830 00:42:49,367 --> 00:42:51,167 It's hugely frustrating, 831 00:42:51,202 --> 00:42:54,112 but you also have to realize that's part of the game 832 00:42:54,139 --> 00:42:55,209 when you sign up 833 00:42:55,240 --> 00:42:56,440 to work in Antarctica. 834 00:42:56,474 --> 00:42:58,544 And we'll keep plugging away with hard work. 835 00:42:58,576 --> 00:42:59,906 Feels like it's going to be stable 836 00:42:59,945 --> 00:43:02,545 for the next two flying days, which is perfect. 837 00:43:02,580 --> 00:43:04,080 To get another four done by the end of the week 838 00:43:04,115 --> 00:43:06,175 would be great. 839 00:43:06,217 --> 00:43:07,547 One day at a time. 840 00:43:07,585 --> 00:43:17,155 * 841 00:43:17,195 --> 00:43:20,125 The Polar Star has been paralyzed for hours. 842 00:43:20,165 --> 00:43:21,595 OX for Main Control, go ahead. 843 00:43:21,633 --> 00:43:23,303 While Lieutenant Morrison and the team 844 00:43:23,334 --> 00:43:26,144 improvised a fix for one of the turbines. 845 00:43:26,171 --> 00:43:28,271 I don't think you're ready to get it down there. 846 00:43:28,306 --> 00:43:31,136 Now, the only thing to do is install it... 847 00:43:31,176 --> 00:43:32,776 It's slippery down here. 848 00:43:32,811 --> 00:43:35,151 ...under tons and tons of equipment. 849 00:43:35,180 --> 00:43:38,520 Right now, we are underneath the starboard shaft 850 00:43:38,549 --> 00:43:40,619 in the motor room, in the bilge. 851 00:43:40,652 --> 00:43:45,222 Right out there, a little further down, is the water. 852 00:43:45,256 --> 00:43:48,026 It's actually really cold right here. 853 00:43:48,059 --> 00:43:49,489 Main Control, Con. 854 00:43:54,599 --> 00:43:55,829 Roger, okay. Thank you. 855 00:43:57,703 --> 00:43:58,873 Yeah. 856 00:44:02,473 --> 00:44:03,783 This ship is 40 years old. 857 00:44:03,809 --> 00:44:04,709 Got it? 858 00:44:04,743 --> 00:44:05,883 Yeah. 859 00:44:05,911 --> 00:44:09,251 Older than most of the people on board. 860 00:44:09,280 --> 00:44:10,180 Pretty close? 861 00:44:10,215 --> 00:44:12,245 Alright, go up a little. 862 00:44:12,283 --> 00:44:15,923 Alright, that's good. 863 00:44:15,954 --> 00:44:18,794 Alright. 864 00:44:18,824 --> 00:44:20,664 The young men and women down below deck 865 00:44:20,692 --> 00:44:24,932 sacrifice their time and their families and holiday seasons. 866 00:44:24,963 --> 00:44:28,433 They work night and day to make sure this ship stays under way, 867 00:44:28,466 --> 00:44:30,096 that those propellers keep turning. 868 00:44:30,135 --> 00:44:32,035 Just as long as you jam that super tight. 869 00:44:32,070 --> 00:44:34,540 I'll give it one more crank. 870 00:44:34,572 --> 00:44:35,372 Ready? 871 00:44:35,406 --> 00:44:36,666 Yep. 872 00:44:36,708 --> 00:44:38,608 It's pretty amazing to see what they can do. 873 00:44:41,046 --> 00:44:42,546 You guys got yours all tightened up? 874 00:44:42,580 --> 00:44:43,920 Yeah. 875 00:44:43,949 --> 00:44:45,949 This whole mechanism right above us is pretty significant, 876 00:44:45,984 --> 00:44:48,154 So, the more secure this is, 877 00:44:48,186 --> 00:44:50,716 the less vibration and damage we can cause. 878 00:44:50,756 --> 00:44:53,016 We don't have anything supporting this OD box, 879 00:44:53,058 --> 00:44:54,728 this shaft is not rolling, 880 00:44:54,760 --> 00:44:56,860 and that would be it for the Polar Star. 881 00:44:56,895 --> 00:44:58,625 Are we all good down there, guys? 882 00:44:58,663 --> 00:45:00,303 Installed, ready to go. 883 00:45:00,331 --> 00:45:01,771 Alright, we're going to start coming out. 884 00:45:01,800 --> 00:45:03,070 Hopefully it will hold this time. 885 00:45:03,101 --> 00:45:08,011 * 886 00:45:08,039 --> 00:45:09,809 Are you standing by, number three main gas turbine? 887 00:45:13,544 --> 00:45:14,514 You ready for a start? 888 00:45:16,581 --> 00:45:17,821 Standby, stand clear for a start 889 00:45:17,849 --> 00:45:19,849 on number three main gas turbine. 890 00:45:19,885 --> 00:45:21,315 Standby, stand clear for a start 891 00:45:21,352 --> 00:45:22,552 of the number three main gas turbine! 892 00:45:26,091 --> 00:45:27,961 Chief, we're ready to go on the port turbine. 893 00:45:29,895 --> 00:45:32,425 Main gas turbine, port shaft up to speed. 894 00:45:32,463 --> 00:45:34,503 Roger. 895 00:45:34,532 --> 00:45:35,902 Restart number one. 896 00:45:49,614 --> 00:45:57,524 * 897 00:45:57,555 --> 00:45:59,155 Where we at? 898 00:46:01,893 --> 00:46:04,403 Fuel pressure seems to be holding. 899 00:46:08,967 --> 00:46:14,407 Check your regulator. Make sure you have pressure. 900 00:46:14,439 --> 00:46:15,469 Pressure is 55. 901 00:46:15,506 --> 00:46:17,536 Good, you are good. 902 00:46:17,575 --> 00:46:18,435 Alright. 903 00:46:21,312 --> 00:46:22,212 Woo! 904 00:46:26,885 --> 00:46:29,485 Roger. System intact, lube oil, 2-0. 905 00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:31,060 Solid, dude, solid. 906 00:46:31,089 --> 00:46:33,319 Yeah, our motto is, 'You break it, we fix it.' 907 00:46:33,358 --> 00:46:34,958 Nice. Success. 908 00:46:34,993 --> 00:46:37,563 They have inspected it and found it to be normal, 909 00:46:37,595 --> 00:46:39,155 so we're safe to operate now, 910 00:46:39,197 --> 00:46:43,427 and, resume icebreaking operations. 911 00:46:43,468 --> 00:46:48,238 Hopefully it won't vibrate as much, and the repair will hold. 912 00:46:48,273 --> 00:46:51,983 That's probably the number one challenge for Polar Star 913 00:46:52,010 --> 00:46:54,450 is to keep her operational. 914 00:46:54,479 --> 00:46:56,649 I'm very, very proud of these young people. 915 00:46:56,681 --> 00:46:59,051 But we're falling way behind. 916 00:46:59,084 --> 00:47:00,954 All have four. 917 00:47:00,986 --> 00:47:04,556 Helmsman, all add four. 918 00:47:04,589 --> 00:47:06,119 We have to work around the clock 919 00:47:06,157 --> 00:47:10,097 to finish the channel before the supply ships get here.65896

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