Original subtitles

Hello everyone.

In this lesson we're going to be looking at how to manipulate

the actual 3D geometry of our objects.

And in that way we can turn a simple cube into something much more interesting.

To do that they select our cube.

And then we need to go into edit mode.

And at the top left here you'll see that it says object mode.

And if you click the drop-down,

we can select Edit mode is also a keyboard shortcut for that,

you can simply press Tab on your keyboard.

And that'll switch between object and edit mode very quickly.

So let's go into edit mode by pressing tab.

And there you see, we've got these little points on the corners of our cube.

These are called vertices and they're the most basic element, a 3D object.

You'll see we have a vertex on each corner.

And in between the vertices, we've got edges.

And then if we have three or more agents,

in this case we have four.

We can have a face.

And the side of the cube is that face that we see

that is created between these four vertices.

And we can manipulate these vertices in the same way

that we manipulated our 3D objects in object mode.

So we can select any of them by clicking on them.

We can click and drag to box,

select and select multiple vertices at once.

And then with these vertices selected,

we can press G to grab and move to press G ones,

and then move our mouse around.

And you can see we can start editing the shape of object.

So let's look at backward texts.

Press G to grab and move.

Move that up a bit.

And I can start rotating around,

press G. And we start creating the shape that you want.

Select this one, press G.

And sometimes we want to select the entire top part of an object.

But as you can see now,

that back vertex was not selected because it was hidden behind the faces of the object.

To enable us to select vertices,

even if there'll behind the object,

we can hold down Z on our keyboard.

And then move down and select toggle x-ray.

If you're not seeing toggle x-ray,

just make sure that you have the extra pie menu options enabled,

like I showed you in the first video.

Cool. And I can see, we can actually see through the object.

So if we want to select the bottom vertices,

we can just drag and select like that.

And I can see all those bottom ones are selected.

And if you want to go out of x-ray mode,

we can just hold down z again,

move down and let cozy.

Easy as that.

Now in edit mode, we have different selection modes as well.

At the moment it's set to vertex select.

So we can select these vertices.

And if you look up here,

there are three icons and you'll see it says vertex select.

So if you click on the second one,

you see the vertices have disappeared.

And now we can only select the edges.

We can hold down shift to select multiple edges.

And as you can see, if we select all the edges that make up a face,

that face will turn orange as well to show that it's selected now,

the same with the vertex select mode.

Let's go back to vertex select mode.

Select that vertex, hold down shift,

click on that one, that one, and that one.

I can see these edges have turned orange and the face has turned orange as well.

That just shows us, we have selected all the vertices that make up these edges.

Cool.

Now we can also go into face select mode.

And that allows us to simply click on any of these phases.

And with a face selected, we can press G to grab.

Move that around. Let's right-click to cancel.

We can press S to scale,

make that entire face smaller or larger.

Let's left-click to apply.

And we can also press R to rotate and allows

us to rotate our face to make interesting objects.

And in the same way, we could constrain operations in object mode.

We can also constrain these operations to the axes in edit mode.

So for instance, if you wanted to move this face up and down,

but not in the x or y axis.

We can press G to grab.

And then without clicking, we can press Z.

And I can see we can only move that up and down on the z-axis.

So we can move that up, maybe left-click to apply.

And let's rotate that face as well.

Let's press R to rotate.

And the moment it's rotating around the camera view.

So let's press Z to constrain that to be z axis as well.

And I can see it's only rotating on the z axis.

And if you want to make finer adjustments,

you can simply hold down Shift.

And you'll see, you'll make very small adjustments to your rotations.

Cancel that. Let's press S to scale.

And as you can see, it's scaling in all directions.

And we can also tell blender to only scale that in the z direction by pressing Z.

And I can see it's scaling up and down.

Let's right-click to cancel that.

Press S again to scale.

Analogies scale it in the x and y directions,

but not in the z direction.

So to tell blender just scattered in all directions except for the z,

we're going to press Shift Z.

And I can see it shows us it's only going to scale in the x and the y directions.

Let's go back into object mode with tab

and with our cube selected x and delete this cube.

Now let's add a new cube with Shift a and intellect cube.

And let's go back into edit mode with tab on our keyboard.

You can also quickly switch between these selection modes like vertex and agent phase,

with the normal number keys on your keyboard,

not the numpad, just the normal number keys.

So if you press one, it goes to vertex select mode.

If you press too, it goes to edge select mode.

And if you press three occurs to face select mode.

And now we can select faces.

We press two, we can select edges.

And if you press 1, we can select the vertices.

Now if we start with a cube,

we only have these eight vertices to work with.

And sometimes you want to add more to create a more complex shape.

And an easy way to do that is simply to add a loop cut around the object.

Now add a loop cut does,

is it divides the faces and the edges around the object in a loop.

So to make a loop cut,

we can press Control R.

And as we move our mouse around,

it shows us where it will create that loop cut.

So let's say we wanted to make one straight down the middle way.

It's left-click once.

And now we can decide where we want to place this loop.

If we want to place it exactly in the middle,

we can simply right-click and it'll snap back to the center.

Let's create another loop, cut.

Our again to look at.

And then let's place whenever they left-click once.

And let's move that one to the side and then left-click to place a day.

And sometimes you want to select that entire loop again.

And, but that would mean you have to go around and shift

click to select all of the different vertices or edges.

But there's an easier way to do that and you can do that in vertex or edge select mode.

So to do that, let's hold down Alt on

our keyboard and then click on that loop cut that we created.

And as you can see, we selected the entire loop.

And if you wanted to select this loop that we created second,

we can hold down Alt and left-click,

and then we select the entire loop.

Cool.

So let's select this middle one again.

Hold down Alt and click and its scale that up a bit so we can press S

to scale and then just move that out Tibet and left-click to apply.

Now starting to get something a little bit more interesting.

Analogies like the other edge loop that we created by

holding Alt and clicking on the HE loop.

And as you can see, it's selected all the vertices and edges,

even the ones that are behind the object at the moment.

And Alex press S again,

scale it down and left-click.

And that way you can see we can easily make interesting shapes to work with.

And if you ever want to see what your object looks like

without the grid and all the selection boxes and everything,

you can hold down z as well and then move up to toggle overlays.

And as you can see now, Blender will then only show the physical objects.

And we can enable our overlays again by

either clicking on this icon up top here show overlays.

But we can hold down z, move our mouse up, and let go of z.

And the cool thing about using these pi minis is you don't

actually have to stop on the button that you want to select.

You can simply move in that direction and let go.

Move in that direction, let go,

Let's go into X-Ray mode.

Disable x-ray mode.

There we go.

So if you get used to weigh these objects are you can actually

select them without even looking just by moving a mouse in that direction.

And that makes it a lot faster when you start working with complicated objects.

Coo.

And the last operation I want to show you is the extrude operation.

And by extruding, we can also add new geometry to our object.

So let me show you how that works.

Let's go into face select mode by either clicking this icon at the top here,

or by pressing 3 on our keyboard and then select a face we want to extrude.

And into extrude, we're going to press E to extrude.

So if you press E, you'll see it creates

a new piece of geometry that comes out of that face that we had selected.

And it'll move it out the direction that that face was facing.

So we can move that and left-click to apply.

We can also press S to scale that up a bit and left-click to apply.

Press E to extrude again.

And move that out.

Left-click to apply.

Press S to scale again and make that smaller left-click to apply.

And that's another really nice way to create more geometry to work with.

So let's press E to extrude again,

left-click to apply it to extrude, left-click to apply.

And then if you press D to extrude without clicking,

if you then press S to scale,

it will keep that extrusion,

but it will scale it in place them.

So if you want to create a step over there,

we can scale that up.

And then left-click and in press E again to extrude,

and then extrude that out and left-click to apply.

And they were starting to get some interesting shapes.

One of these operations that I showed you now also

have corresponding icons on the toolbar over here.

You'll see these extrude region and they are a few more,

but I find it a lot quicker and easier to rather use the shortcuts for those operations.

And again, I'll keep reminding you of the shortcuts

as we use them in later lessons as well.

So don't worry if you have trouble remembering all of them.

Cool, and that's it for this lesson.

In the next lesson, we're going to be looking at how to apply modifiers to our object.

And that'll allow us to have blended,

do a lot of the work for us.