Original subtitles

Alawi's welcome to the sector and cause today we are going to give a quick, brief and quick revise

about that assessment signaling system number seven networks in order to be able to understand all the

contents of the sector.

And course, we have to be aligned, maybe a little aligned with the segment that the seven networks,

of course.

So I will be taking some cuts from my previous seven course and I will put it here to you so that you

can understand what is as a seven is about, OK.

Please enjoy.

So first of all, we need to know what is meant by signaling the term signaling when used in telephone

refers to the exchange of control information associated with the set up and the release of a telephone

call on a telecommunications circuit.

Let's give an example of a signal in here.

Let's assume that number is going to talk and call the number.

OK, what should a number do before making a life connection between him and me?

No.

You must first know the location of the VIN number where it exists in the network.

This is the first thing in our ticket to the first before making any calls to make sure that this number

is eligible for and authorized to access the network, normally searching in our must make location

of the to makes the network able to root him to the big number.

This is what we call about signaling types of signaling in GSM network.

OK, when I say GSM, I mean mobile networks in general, I mean the signaling in the 2G and in the

3G network and 4G network with the mobile operators is the one who decides whether to use the signal

as a seven or the signal strength or the signaling a.T.M asynchronous transport mode.

OK, so signaling S7 may be used in jets, maybe used in 3G network, maybe used in 4G networks.

We have two types of signal here.

Subscriber loop signaling and inter exchange signaling.

I mean as a seven consist of two types.

The first one is a subscriber loop signaling from its name.

We can know that the subscriber loop signaling is a signaling between the user and the network nodes,

OK.

However, the second one is interacting, signaling.

This means the signaling between network nodes and each other.

OK, so in this block is a network route and this is a network to the type of signaling between them

is an Internet sensing.

However, this is the user and this is a network node.

So the types of signaling messages is between this user and this network node is a subscriber loop signaling,

OK.

The second part is the entire exchange signalling in exchange that we have two types of inter exchange

signaling.

The first one is called Channel Associated Signaling Kess and second one is called Common Channel signaling

six.

So what is the difference between them?

Let's talk about the channel it associated signaling first in this start, the signaling is always centered

on the connection PCM link in association with the traffic channel in the two main megabits per second

link have 30 time slots are used for speech and traffic.

However, Timeslot Zero is used for synchronization and frame alignment and timeslot 16 is used for

the line signaling.

OK.

Let's discuss this in detail and explain it for you, this means one channel, the two megabits per

second.

The channel consists of 32 time slots starting from timeslot zero to timeslot 31.

So there are thirty 32 time slots.

OK, each time slot can handle a call.

A traffic call can be carried over one time slot.

However, we do not use this 32 times slots for traffic only.

We use the first one for synchronization.

I mean here by synchronization.

I need to make the mobile station or the user or the user equipment is synchronized with the transceiver

station.

It is counting in the same time slot like the base transceiver station.

So I need to make them.

Both of them are synchronized to each other.

So I keep this time slot for synchronization over time.

Slot 16 is the one which handles the signaling of the rest of the time slots.

This time slots are traffic calls.

So before making a traffic call, we need to make some segmenting.

As we said before, we need to send the message to the actual ought to know the location of the number

we need to make location of date before making a hole.

We need to make authentication to the network before making a call.

All of this are done in the signaling time slot.

Sixteen, OK.

However, the rest are carrying traffic.

This is the type channel associated segmenting.

OK, but in this tape, we have some disadvantages.

One of them is capacity limitation, capacity limitation, because we have only one time slot for segmenting.

So in case of all traffic, if all of them made a call in the same time, this time slot will be heavily

occupied.

OK, so this leads to capacity limitation and leads to lower speed.

Again, if you are relying on one time slot for the signal.

This will make a lower speed, lower speed.

The call setup will take much longer time because of the signaling that are delayed in the time slot

here because we are using only one time slot.

OK, so this is the disadvantages of that channel.

Associated signaling, however impractical in all the operators we are using the channel associated

signaling in their model.

OK, the second type of signaling of interest change signaling is Common Channel signaling.

We say about it, six, OK, in this type signaling channel or data packets are transmitted over time

slot in a link reserved for the purpose of signaling this system is designed to use a common signal,

meaning as the carrier of all the signals required by a large number of traffic channels.

What does this means?

This means that PCM link here.

All of this PCM link, the two megabits per second link are used for signaling.

OK, so we occupy the 32 time slots for signaling.

But this is not a practical we are using the iest, not the case.

OK, OK, the signaling moved in, and it's seven signaling network signaling mods means the signaling

messages is transferred from one signaling point into another signal in point.

So it have to signal.

The first one is that the signaling messages follow the same path, same as the path of the voice calls

of the traffic codes.

OK, this is one post.

The second pulse is the signal messages for different posts, then the pulse of the voice calls.

OK, we agreed before that in order to make a voice call, in order to send IP data.

Grump's that carries traffic voice traffic.

You have to make some signal first.

So this signaling has some moods, hence we have to see modes here.

The first one is associated signaling mode, where the signaling messages related to a call for the

same pause between two signaling points, a speech does signal messages related to who.

So here we are talking about the signaling messages that is done before making a whole lot.

Any other signaling messages, not any other type of signaling messages on other types like location

of date, like authentication.

All of these are not a circuit signaling messages.

A circuit means a call signaling messages.

So here we are.

Talking about the stigmatic messages that are sent before making a call, OK, so this should not be

confused with Shannon associated signaling why this is not be confused with Shannon associated signaling

because China associated signaling cheers the same PCM link between the voice traffic and the signaling.

As we know, the content consist of 32 times, which were the first times that we are starting to the

synchronization and the number 16 times we assign it to the signaling.

So if the VCM link all of the time slots moves in the same posts in the signaling network.

So this would not be confusing.

So that's right.

OK, over in common chant, signaling the signaling link intent of the speech timeslot.

It means that the PCM league for traffic is different than PCM of signaling.

However, if they are of the type associated signaling mode, both of them will have the same pass from

one element to another signaling element.

So associated signaling mood is that the signaling and the voice traffic shares the same post.

However, the second type of signal we have is closely associated signaling what?

With the signaling messages related to hold me, take different policies, this episode is different

then.

That's Washington signaling mood where Quassey, the first for signaling is different than the price

of.

OK.

I think this is clear now what is meant by signaling moods and the types of signaling moods, so we

finish this for signaling elements.

I mean here by the term signaling elements, all the network nodes and all the elements that exist in

signaling networks, OK, if we have a node because it's not a signaling point node.

OK, let's discuss here the different signaling elements that we have in a seven or a signaling network.

We have around eight elements in the signaling network.

Let's start with signaling point.

Second point is not addressed in a signaling network.

What does that mean?

It's not in the network.

Let's say MFC employees are signaling node, OK, everything should have a segmenting point or an address

in order to be able to route the signaling messages to it.

When I think when a signalling node send some signal messages to another node, it sends it to its address.

And what is its address is a signaling point.

OK, let's say that it has a signal in point already equal to one one one and another agency has a signaling

point equal to two to two.

So with them, see with signaling point one one one needs to send a message to the other.

MWC it sends it by saying to the network, I need to send this stigmatic messages to the node with the

signaling point already two to two, so it will forward the signaling messages to this node.

OK, the second element in the signaling network is the originating point from its name, originating

point means a lot that needs to send the stigmatic messages.

OK, so the embassy was signaling point one one one is the originating point as it is the one who sends

us the messages.

Searching in the signaling network is a destination point, destination point is on which receives the

signaling messages, which is will signal signaling point two to two.

OK.

First thing is a signaling transfer point SDP, SDP is a signaling point that is able to route the signaling

message to another signaling point.

In this case, only empty is used at the upper levels are not involved.

What does that means?

SDP is a node in the signaling network which take the signaling messages from one route and passes it

to another node.

So why we are doing this?

We are doing this because some nodes deals only with a specific protocol.

So when it needs to call or to talk to another node which is dealing with another protocol, there must

be a signal transfer point between them in order.

Through the messages between them, they can have a direct communication between them.

There must be a signal transfer point in the middle of this post.

OK, this is the use and the function of the S&P.

We've seen in the Siegmund network is the signaling link that the link that consists to signal input.

Two signaling points is a signaling link, it is not necessary to have a signaling link on each piece

here, what what is meant by signaling?

Signaling is the link which transfer the messages or the signaling messages between the two network

nodes.

This one is a signal and this is a signal tingling.

And this one is a signal and sort of.

We have also a thing that links these two links are called signaling links, and these two links are

called signaling links.

So.

If the connection between two nodes is not consist of two or more signalling links.

This means that these two or more links are called a signaling, Link said.

Signaling Ruth the predetermined path a message takes through the signaling battle between the originating

point and the destination point signaling route means this two links that all the routes that carry

signaling messages from one or two another are not as good a signal we may name is as the signaling

link that it is the same function of the signal of the signaling links that over.

We have another thing here which is called signaling routes, signaling routes.

It means all the process that makes it step one, both to step two.

So where is the process here?

The process or this is one and this is another post.

So this and this or to not not to our one route that would set the signaling point to so signaling routes.

It means all the pauses that enables S2P one to reach S2P two is called signaling route set, which

is this and this.

So both of them are called signaling routes to signaling point to.

Protocols signaling messages, we will talk about all the signaling messages that exist in our mobile

networks, including 2G networks, 3G networks and maybe 4G networks, in case of serious fulbeck,

I need first to tell you something about the signaling messages.

Signaling messages is every signaling message that happens for people who are making allocation of data

when the virus moves from one location to another location or during the call for the handover process,

or while it was indicating the network, the subsequent messages is sent from the mobile equipment to

the network to indicate the mobile in order to access the network.

OK, so let's see what exists in the signaling messages and what is the types of signaling messages

here.

As written here, each protocol is the seven states have messages that are sent between nodes.

We will discuss it all here in this port.

OK, so now we have protocols.

What's meant by protocols?

The signaling messages that flow between one note and another node is arranged and controlled by a certain

protocol.

Let's say the signaling messages that flows between the BBC and the ABC is controlled by protocol called

up and between the RNC and the message is controlled by another protocol called in and between each

law and any other network node.

The protocol is called map and between charging nodes and MFC is an.

OK, and between two messages, there is a protocol called Isel Eyes the end user port and between media

gateways and sees the protocol between them is called GCP Network Control Protocol.

We will discuss here the role and the function of each protocol and and that and the types of messages

and signaling messages in each protocol.

OK, let's start first by the protocol here, which is a base station subsystem application protocol.

OK, so the base station subsystem application protocol is for the connection between the BBC and the

coordinator.

OK, there are different types of signaling messages that are originated from B, C or terminated to

the B, C like ciphering and integrity protection.

That is the messages included in the suffering and integrity protection.

Also, there is another there are another messages for the call system.

When there is a call system, the actions and the signaling messages that flows before making the call

is called consist of messages happens between the BBC and NBC.

OK, and here it is.

A node means automatic.

It means the interface interface is the interface between the ABC and the BBC.

OK, terminated call.

This is when a call is going to be.

No, there is some signaling messages that goes to this B number two, in order to bridge this number,

to find its location to forward the country.

OK, we will talk about each part of this in detail.

Now, let's start with ciphering and integrity protection.

We will find here two signaling messages is safer, more common and safer, more complete.

OK, so from automated subscriber has been successfully integrated.

Everything she ciphering of data being sent on channel.

This means that when the subscriber successfully integrated to the network and is able to access the

network and uses this network for making calls, MEAC will start sending five remote command messages

in order to decipher all the messages and signaling messages that comes from this user in order not

to be hacked by another hacker.

OK, and cipher would complete.

This happens with the cipher mode.

Command message is sent successfully to the business, which is A, B, C and the bits and the data

and signalling messages between the best and MSE are suffuse are successfully ciphered the supplies

to the MSD itself almost complete.

This indicates that the ciphering process is done completely.

OK.

So this message is sent from VSS to the message.

OK, the second time message in the protocol is a set of messages is a very important part, as you

will know all the time of signalling messages that goes from the VSS to the RNC before making a call.

OK, the first message is called CCE System, which sends a set of message to establish a voice call.

This indicates that the mobile equipment or the mobile user needs to make a call to send a message to

the message where this message contains a double digit B number, the the B numbers that he wants to

call and other information needed for a call.

OK, this is the first message.

Second message is called set up call proceeding with why it is important that the call setup is in progress,

where after the mobile equipment sends the message, the network tries to avoid calling him and telling

him, don't be worried, the call is in progress.

OK, so this is an indication from the network equipment that is call setup request is in progress.

OK, third message is a.

Request with everything form the base station subsystem about the allocated voice circuits, the code

is also switched from signaling to voice what this what does this mean?

Assignment requests the channel that that will handle or the time slot that will handle.

The call has been assigned to this code where the ABC informs the station subsystem, which is the PSC

and the parts that there is a channel allocated for this user to make his call on.

OK, and then assignment complete the s response back to the ABC that he has successfully received the

voice circuit also timeslot that will handle the call.

OK, then comes alerting message wherever everything forms of the call that the call subscriber or Xabi

number is being alerted via read.

This means that when the number makes a call to the number, when the number starts ringing, there

is information.

The while subscribers at the other side is start started ringing.

Of course, this is just a signaling message, but to indicate what events happens.

OK, then connect.

Connect message means the B no answered the call.

This means this means the connect.

OK, please message.

That message is sent when one of the two subscribers closes the call.

OK, so that message informs the world that it has initiated calls.

OK, release compete with the channel carrying the call between the two subscribers is now idle chatter.

So this added is a complete message that is sent from base station subsistent to Evista to indicate

that this channel is now idle.

So you as an NSC can allocate this channel to another users who needs to make a call?

OK, so this is the call set of messages that happens between the races and then.

Certain messages in the app is a release interface release, OK, clear command here and clear complete

the same as religious messages in the call setup with coteries has been completed.

And also our connection is released by the Mzee message directed from MFC to Station Subsistent.

This means that when the call finishes between the two users, the radio channel, aside from the ABC

to obviously has now cleared and is either to receive another call between the different users.

OK, can you complete the process forms they receive that their connection has been released.

Now it's completely released.

OK.

The last type of messages in the piece is application.

Protocol is a terminated called messages.

We said that terminated calls means the signaling messages that are sent to the number who are going

to receive.

OK, the first message here is Beijing message.

Beijing message is that is a message sent from the network, from the embassy to the number to tell

him that this is a call coming to you and to find its location in the network in order to forward the

call into it.

Now, Marcy Wheeler needs to locate subscriber, a location area name.

And the message we and our users are attempting to address is the mobile phone.

As we said, this is Beijing message is a location message that is sent to the base station system and

pithiest to find out the location of this subscriber in order to forward the call to him.

OK, set up message when the police find the location of the PIN number and send a set of message to

the embassy to tell him that this is a Beijing response from the user.

And we found its location called Conferment Message, where the mobile acknowledge the receipt of the

setup by sending the call, confirmed the message to the mobile, informing the network that he is ready

to receive the call.

Now, I don't think message, as we explained before it is when the IP numbers start alerting connect

is when the call is established between the producer and they are.

And both of them are now able to speak in the code disconnect message.

It sends a disconnect message to the embassy that he needs to cut the code, release the release message

they received from the way that it has initiated calls from the other side release complete when the

call is released between the user and the radio channel, between them is now idle that another users

can use it now.

So now we have finished the messages and we are going to talk about are any RNC red network application

protocol messages?

Let's agree that both RNC Ready Access Network Application Protocol message is the same as BSF messages

as this is between the BBC and ABC and there is between the RNC and the NSC and both of them is almost

the same.

However, the only difference between them is that the PSAP in the 2G networks, however, there is

in the 3G networks, OK, we often hear the same messages, including ciphering and the integrated protection

core set of messages.

Are you released with the interface between the NSA authorities?

Are you interface?

OK, lasting is terminated calls, emails, messages.

If we revise this in a first and in a quick way, we find you ciphering and integrity protection.

Phase one is security moquin.

Is it the same as the ciphering messages that exist in the NSA and syphoning complete here that we found

in the call set of their messages like call set up court proceeding wrap assignment requests, which

is assuming I read you a radio channel to carry out the call and our segment response to successfully

assigning the call to this trade channel and everything with Be No starts alerting and connecting.

The two subscriber is connected and the voice traffic is going between them.

Connect acknowledged Oriente response to completion of Connect this connect when there's a disconnection

of the call released, when there are when there is a release for the radiation and release complete

with radiation is successfully released.

I release and I release complete as it is and it is complete that exist in the process.

And finally the terminated code messages, which is paging page response set up called with rep assignment

request and the assignment response alerting and connect.

Connect acknowledged disconnect release release complete.

OK, let's go to the third protocol here, which is a map protocol map is a very important protocol

that is the core of our network between the actual home location register that all the subscribers exist

in the law and between other network rules.

OK, we will call and we will talk here about four types of messages here.

The first one is between.

The first one is the authentication messages.

Second one is location of messages.

Certain one is called messages.

And finally, the text messages.

OK, let's start with those integration messages was information messages when our white subscriber

needs to access the network.

First, he sent a senders education information.

From MASC to actual law in which it include Emsley of the subscriber, which the subscriber sends first

or syndication messages to the ABC indicating that he needs to access the network through the mist,

he will take the subscriber and send it to the law.

OK, after that, the law will apply to the ABC with Acento Syndication ploy in this message and it

includes driblets which is the random number and signed the response and ciphering key with NBC will

take this driblets and compare it with the triplets that he takes from the station if they are the same.

So the subscriber is authorized to access the network.

However, if they are not the same, this as this subscriber is not authorized to access the OK.

The second type of messages.

The protocol, by the way, is abbreviation of mobile application protocol is the location of the messages.

The first message is called update location, which is central message, which law in which it include

MCI, MCI Address Itzler Address, which is a while global title.

What is this kind of message?

What does this message means when that system moves from one location to another location?

He said to the network that I had changed my location online and I need to make a location of the OK.

So the ABC will send their children to update the location of the subscriber using this message.

So when they received the update location message that the law will send to NBC, which can include

in the services of this subscriber with Echelon, will start inserting in the law of the FCC, the subscriber

services and the number of subscribers and the FCC and other call service of this subscriber Kansi location,

from which law told ABC when the mobile moves from the coverage area of one agency to another coverage

area of another agency, the law will send to the old agency to cancel the location of date of this

subscriber.

The subscriber has moved from another post from this agency to another.

OK, now let's talk about the cool messages in the mobile application protocol.

We will follow here.

We will find here four different messages.

The first one is always interesting information which is sent from MSU, the number to the law in which

it includes a B number.

This message indicates that the masc of the number needs to know where is the location of the VIN number.

So what is the note that has the location of all the subscribers in the network?

Is HLR Network OK, so it's a large network now have the location of the B subscriber, so it will send

a provide room number to the mercy of the B number to tell him that there is a call going to this subscriber.

OK, so this message is called a provider.

No message after that in the same message it receives a B number will send to the channel or a message

in the same PR and provide room number message seems to be no sense of the or acknowledgement for receiving

a call is coming to this subscriber and in the same message message of the no sends an idol Mr. m e

r n that will make a core establishment between the two subscribers.

OK then the or will send a message to them.

Is he of the number including the Sorin.

After that masc of the subscriber will send this emissary to the E number that will send the call directly

over this either.

Very sorry.

OK, ok.

The last messages in the protocol is imageshack.

Every check is a message.

Is that sent from a message we are in which it includes a mobile station.

I am to know whether this mobile equipment is blacklists, equipment or equipment or a whitelist, equipment

to determine and to take an action whether to plug this mobile equipment from accessing the network

or to allow it to access the network.

OK.

The first protocol is in our Seven Network is in protocol on a protocol is indicated for the charging

messages.

OK, where this message is sent between the message and the charging nodes like Cecil and Vivian.

OK, the first message is called IGP Initial Detection Point message, where it is sent from MWI to

SICP, which is the SCDP in which any good service, key calling code number and location number.

So this message is sent from the message of the number to the SDP is to be a small database for the

charging nodes with this database contains the balance of the number and whether it can make a call

with his credit or send to the number telling him that he cannot make this call because his credit is

very low.

OK, then comes the second messages.

Are we request report PXP, which is sent from SCDP to SSP, which is a system in which includes some

events and requests from court to report it during the call.

This means that this message is sent to the charging.

No, tell him that this this this subscriber can either make a call or cannot make a call completely

if he make a call.

So you will make a call of three minutes and 30 seconds that as his parents can only make a three and

30 seconds of of a voice call, OK, and then connect message in which would include B, no, this indicates

that the call would be connected.

OK.

The last protocol is either protocol or the protocol is for the messages between the messages and each

others where the number subscriber has an embassy and the Bynum's and the number subscriber is located

in another area.

So this to a message.

We need to talk to each other through some signaling messages.

The first message is called I am message.

I am message is the initial address.

Message.

We are this is the first message to send in setting up connection between two exchanges.

I mean by singes here is by two addresses.

I am contains I have a message contains called subscriber B number of the subscriber calling subscriber,

which is a number and the type of the call kick kick means circuit ID code and finally PC, which is

a point code of the message.

OK, so this message in the key in this message indicates that there is a call from a subscriber in

this in the in the MASC.

No one needs to call a subscriber in inerrancy.

Number two is here, which is address and which is address complete message.

This message is sent from terminating exchange to originating one.

So easy to reply to Area C one that the call setup is successfully done.

We indicate that necessary address information is received and subscriber is identified free and alerted

by ringing signal.

So this means that that be.

No, a message, which is the address, complete message with the message of the B, no sense sends

to the message of the number that it has received.

The message and the note is the call is being established between the two users and the B number is

already identified that there is a user needs to talk to him.

OK, so ACM is received by originating exchange.

It initiated sending of alerting to coding subscriber terminal.

This means that when the message is received by the message of the number, it sends an alert message

to the B number to indicate that there is alert and everything that will happen now.

Answer message indicates that the number has successfully answered the call.

OK, release message.

When one of the two parties release the call and end the call.

OK, release complete when the call is ended completely and successfully and that radio channel that

is carrying the traffic and the voice call is now able to receive another calls.

This is the messages.