Original subtitles

Out of ice, welcome to our new trek that we will explore today, which is the six train track, six

train would be a continue for our series, the telecommunications series we featured before you find

in our profile the 2G GSM network.

Then you will find the courier network fundamentals in 2G, 3G, 4G.

You will find the 4G, LTE, the 4G core Epicure, 3M and Iris.

Also, you'll find that as a seven.

So this course is a continue of this track and series we had started before.

I wish this course you gather the information you want from it and helps you in your career or in your

studies.

Of course.

OK, so this course is called Sector Sector is a signaling network, OK, Siemens is a seven network.

But the only difference between the six trend and this a seven is it.

The trend it's signaling is handled and carried over IP.

OK, OK, so Trent has has another name, which is called S7 over IP.

This means that it's mostly similar to the Seven Network, but it is over IP.

This is what we discuss here in this course.

OK, let's start with our first chapter, which is the introduction called.

OK, first of all, we have to admit that, as I said, it is a very successful network.

It has many protocols that supports the delivery of signalling messages from one single point to another

signaling point.

OK, but we have to evolve.

So we have to introduce the IP networks.

So in order to introduce IP networks, we have to replace the ISO seven, which uses old signalling

transportation to a signaling network like the 610, which uses IP network in transmitting and receiving

the signaling messages between the signaling network modes, of course.

OK, as nowadays, all countries in the world are using IP networks, so we have to evolve, the signaling

system is what is done with the traffic.

Traffic is now transmitted over IP, so we need to transmit the Cycladic messages through IP as well.

OK.

So.

The cigarette is introduced.

OK, by the way, we have many examples of IP networks like the 4G networks, like the 5G networks.

I think you may know that 4G networks is all IP networks, all of its transactions, all of its dealing

with its network nodes is done through IP.

OK, let me give you a quick.

Introduction about what is meant by signaling, signaling.

In case you don't know, this is just a device to your knowledge.

OK, signaling means.

Transfer of signaling messages from one point to another.

So what is the signaling messages?

This is the messages which supports making a connection between two entities.

Let's see if.

And no need to talk to Abby, no.

There must be a connection between both of them so that they can talk to each other.

The establishing and the center of this connection is called signaling.

We have two types of signals in the telecom field, of course, circuit related signaling and non circuit

related signaling, the circuit related signal, which is related to the calls set up or set up support,

clear a call managing the call itself.

This is a circuit related signal.

However, the circuit related signaling is all the signaling messages, which is not related to like

this integration process.

The authentication means the process of integration, of authenticating a user to a network process

like location updates.

This is the Ninth Circuit related signaling.

And so OK, OK, let's go back to the spectrum.

Spectrum is designed by each IETF.

IETF stands for Internet Engineering Task Force.

It is a committee which designed the protocols and the way the signaling messages in the 16 networks

flew.

OK, so this committee is called IETF Internet Engineering Task Force.

When the sector is able to carry this, a seven signaling but to be over IP instead of being over Tedham.

This will allow mobile operators to use the IP benefits like higher capacity, of course.

OK, so this is a benefit from using the secretary.

OK, OK.

So since the second would be transmitted and received over IP packets, we have to find a protocol which

will support and help in transmitting this IP packets.

The most popular and famous protocols we have here is the UDP Protocol and DCP Protocol.

UDP stands for user data from protocol and stands for Transport Control Protocol, OK.

However, these two protocols previously are popular in supporting the traffic IP packets.

They are used for transmitting the traffic IP packets.

However, now we need to transmit and receive the signal IP packets, which of course needs a specific

characteristic of the protocol with which will deal with them.

OK, OK.

Let's see what characteristics are required for transmitting these signaling messages over the Internet

protocol.

So.

The protocol which we need to use to transmit this signaling messages.

Have some specific characteristics so that we can approve this protocol to be used for this transmission

and reception, of course, first on this protocol should be ordered and have reliable transfer of signal

messages.

This means that the IP packets, which this protocol we begin to transmit, these packets must be received

at the receiver and in an orderly way.

So if I send the packet number four by two and three and four and five and 16, then so that's the reception

of this package must be received in an orderly way, which is one, two, three and four till then,

of course.

OK, and it most has a reliable transfer.

This means that the links that this protocol will use must be of a high quality link.

OK, as the signaling is completely different than the traffic back, it's as if the signaling suffers

from a bad quality nginx and this may effects the signaling Becket's.

Of course, one would be established.

You got it.

I mean, here, the signaling is very and more important than the traffic as the traffic is dependable

on the signaling.

OK, if I don't have a good quality signal and a reliable and order signaling packets, I would I will

not have traffic.

So the protocol which will be used for.

Transmitting and receiving these IP packets must be ordered and have reliable transfer.

Also, it must support the redundancy in case of any link failure.

So the link, which will be choosing to transmit these IP packets, must have a redundancy link.

Why, if this link suffers from any failures so that the signalling packets must have another route,

so that these packets must be delivered on time to the destination.

As I said before, the signal in packets is a very important package that should be received in the

right time.

Of course.

OK.

The third characteristic is Ludo's and delay.

So.

While transmitting the IP packets, these packets must suffer from allulose, no losses in this packet

as all of this, as I said before, the signalling is a very important you have to know this.

So nothing of packets from the signalling may affect your code, may affect your non circuit related

action.

You are doing, let's say, location update or authentication or any other action.

OK, and of course, no delay in the signalling packets.

As I said, final characteristic is security against denial of service or those.

OK, so those screens or denial of service means preventing information to be delivered.

OK, so.

The meaning of Denial-of-service is the process or the way of preventing the information to be delivered.

We have to have more security against this action.

And again, is this denial of service or is this does OK, so an example of this denial of service is

the jamming or jamming means sending high powered noise so that the receiver will not be able to receive

the information.

So it's a protocol which will be used for transmitting the signal.

IP packets must have security to prevent the denial of service or the jamming.

OK.

So the other protocols we have here to transmit this IP packets is ATP and the DCP Protocols UDP is

a connection.

Let's transfer protocol which have agreed to ensure that we stand for, which is the acknowledgement

messages.

That means that it doesn't guarantee a reliable transfer of IP packets, acknowledgement means when

I send an IP packet, I must receive an acknowledgement for receiving this IP package, which is not

offered in the UDP in the user data graph protocol.

OK, however, that is happy, which is the other protocol which is over for us to use in the secret

networks, is that DCP, the Trump's action drone protocol.

However, DCP has a great issue as well, which is extremely sensitive to the various.

OK, there is a delay in the TCAP protocol, which makes it impossible to handle the signalling IP pro

IP packets transfer.

OK, so we decided to go to a third protocol, which is the SCDP.

OK.