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There is a place on earth ...
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00:00:06,958 --> 00:00:10,332
where it is still
the morning of life,
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and the great herds run free.
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00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:21,074
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Life streams across a land ...
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suspended in time.
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00:00:36,750 --> 00:00:41,082
The last refuge of the greatest
concentration of wildlife ...
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remaining on earth ―
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00:00:42,833 --> 00:00:46,165
the Serengeti plains of East Africa.
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00:01:46,666 --> 00:01:48,207
Long before human memory,
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00:01:48,416 --> 00:01:52,457
the mountains to the east emptied
themselves into the skies.
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00:01:57,500 --> 00:02:00,457
A sea of ash settled
across the Serengeti ...
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00:02:00,666 --> 00:02:02,624
leaving only scattered summits ...
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00:02:02,833 --> 00:02:05,499
as stone markers of a buried world.
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00:02:09,125 --> 00:02:11,040
Across four million years,
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00:02:11,250 --> 00:02:14,207
time and the elements
turned ash to rich soil,
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00:02:14,416 --> 00:02:16,249
yielding vast grasslands,
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00:02:16,458 --> 00:02:20,915
today preserved as the most important
animal sanctuary on earth.
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00:02:28,333 --> 00:02:30,749
In a land as fertile
as it is beautiful ...
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00:02:30,958 --> 00:02:33,290
dwell millions of
diverse creatures.
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00:02:36,833 --> 00:02:38,999
Yet a single species
predominates,
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00:02:39,208 --> 00:02:41,249
a million and a half strong ―
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00:02:41,458 --> 00:02:45,540
wildebeests affect the lives of
all around them.
24
00:02:49,250 --> 00:02:50,707
Ungainly in appearance,
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00:02:50,916 --> 00:02:54,499
they have been called the clowns
of the African plains,
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00:02:54,708 --> 00:02:59,290
and an animal assembled by
committee from spare parts.
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00:03:04,125 --> 00:03:06,332
But wildebeests
are superbly endowed ...
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00:03:06,541 --> 00:03:10,665
for a life of endless migration
in search of grass and water.
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00:03:13,416 --> 00:03:16,874
Alongside, an array of
other herbivores coexist,
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00:03:17,083 --> 00:03:18,582
all accommodated by the rich ...
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00:03:18,791 --> 00:03:21,457
and varied vegetation
of the Serengeti,
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00:03:21,666 --> 00:03:25,915
each seeking out a different
niche of the food supply.
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00:03:33,083 --> 00:03:36,207
Some may spend 2/3 of
their lives grazing.
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00:03:51,583 --> 00:03:55,457
Some are fortunate enough to
live in their own salad bowl.
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00:04:33,791 --> 00:04:37,165
The equation of life
on the Serengeti is simple:
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00:04:37,375 --> 00:04:39,874
herbivores eat plants,
37
00:04:40,083 --> 00:04:43,624
carnivores eat herbivores.
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00:04:53,291 --> 00:04:55,915
Lions hunt with both
might and stealth ―
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00:04:58,250 --> 00:04:59,749
a decoy distracts ―
40
00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:07,082
while others stalk.
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00:05:52,583 --> 00:05:55,374
Although the lioness
has made the kill,
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00:05:55,583 --> 00:05:59,915
it is the much larger male
of the pride who eats first.
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00:06:01,708 --> 00:06:03,832
The hungry wait by rank.
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00:06:05,958 --> 00:06:09,290
Lionesses and cubs
are second in line.
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00:06:12,750 --> 00:06:14,624
Hyenas, jackals and vultures ...
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quarrel to be next.
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00:07:15,083 --> 00:07:18,249
On the Serengeti,
nothing is wasted.
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00:07:29,958 --> 00:07:31,624
Through the plenty
of the wet season,
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00:07:31,833 --> 00:07:34,082
the wildebeest herds
have grown strong ...
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00:07:34,291 --> 00:07:37,915
on the short grass plains
of the southern Serengeti.
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00:07:44,958 --> 00:07:49,874
Now in late May, drought approaches
imposing a deadly ultimatum ―
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00:07:50,875 --> 00:07:53,249
migrate or starve.
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00:07:58,625 --> 00:08:00,249
For more than 2 million animals,
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00:08:00,458 --> 00:08:04,040
it is a marathon race against
thirst and hunger.
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00:08:04,250 --> 00:08:06,082
Like living streams and rivers,
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00:08:06,291 --> 00:08:09,332
the herds, accompanied by
zebras and gazelles,
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00:08:09,541 --> 00:08:11,207
flow toward the north and west,
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00:08:11,416 --> 00:08:14,874
drawn by the ancient promise
of water and grass.
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00:08:15,083 --> 00:08:17,582
The great migration has begun.
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00:08:20,291 --> 00:08:22,040
The epic journey takes place ...
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within the two East African
Nations of Tanzania and Kenya.
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00:08:26,375 --> 00:08:28,632
The wildebeest herds
migrate north ...
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00:08:28,772 --> 00:08:31,815
toward the "Maasai Mara
Game Reserve" in Kenya.
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00:08:34,250 --> 00:08:36,374
There, they range
for months ...
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00:08:36,583 --> 00:08:38,790
until the rains resume,
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00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:42,165
and the herds return again
to the southern plains.
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The migration runs a deadly
gauntlet of more than 500 miles.
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00:08:56,416 --> 00:08:58,074
The first weeks of the
migration ...
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00:08:58,183 --> 00:09:01,124
coincide with the frenzy
of the rutting season.
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00:09:04,291 --> 00:09:06,482
Bulls engage in
constant battles ...
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over females and territories.
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00:09:18,750 --> 00:09:23,957
In a few frantic weeks, 90%
of the cows are impregnated.
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00:09:39,541 --> 00:09:41,124
Early in the migration northward,
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00:09:41,333 --> 00:09:42,874
herds move through
the region ...
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00:09:43,083 --> 00:09:46,332
of ancient granite outcroppings
called "kopjes".
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00:09:50,583 --> 00:09:53,790
Now, they are vantage points
for waiting predators.
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From a litter of four, only this
lone cheetah cub has survived.
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00:10:24,541 --> 00:10:27,457
To nourish it, the mother must
kill almost daily,
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but she has not eaten for 2 days.
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The herds have passed, but a few
straggling gazelles appear.
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From this distance,
there is no contest.
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The cheetah is the fastest
land animal on earth,
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00:10:45,458 --> 00:10:48,957
achieving short bursts of speed
up to 70 miles per hour.
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00:11:35,791 --> 00:11:38,957
There is neither malice nor
remorse on the Serengeti.
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00:11:39,166 --> 00:11:41,999
A hunter kills to eat
and to feed its own ―
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nothing more.
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00:11:57,250 --> 00:12:00,374
To the migrating herds, wooded
savannas now offer refuge ...
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00:12:00,583 --> 00:12:02,249
from the drought-stricken plains.
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00:12:07,458 --> 00:12:10,040
But here, the migration
becomes an invasion,
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00:12:10,250 --> 00:12:13,374
for the woodlands are
a permanent home to others.
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00:12:17,166 --> 00:12:20,249
Yet most of the residents go
about their own daily affairs,
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little disturbed by the
trespassing multitude.
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Unlike wildebeests, Maasai
giraffes need not migrate.
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00:12:31,625 --> 00:12:34,749
They feed on a hundred
species of woodland foliage,
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a food supply resistant to drought.
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00:12:57,458 --> 00:13:01,624
Vervet monkeys find in trees
both sustenance and safety.
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00:13:06,125 --> 00:13:11,040
Savanna baboons roam the woodlands
in troops, roosting in trees by night.
98
00:13:12,166 --> 00:13:15,707
Omnivores, like us, they feed
on almost anything edible.
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00:13:27,916 --> 00:13:31,624
Occasionally, adult males will
even feast on young antelope.
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00:13:41,583 --> 00:13:43,999
Feeding on grasses adjacent
to the woodlands,
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00:13:44,208 --> 00:13:47,374
grazers come under
an ever watchful eye.
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00:13:48,750 --> 00:13:52,582
Yet there is one herbivore even
the lion gives wide berth.
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00:13:54,250 --> 00:13:57,624
The adult elephant is one of the few
Serengeti animals without an ...
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00:13:57,833 --> 00:13:59,332
enemy in the wild.
105
00:14:07,291 --> 00:14:11,624
Protective of their young, elephants
form extremely close bonds.
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00:14:11,833 --> 00:14:16,249
The relationship between mother and
daughter lasts up to 50 years.
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00:14:28,791 --> 00:14:32,149
Herds sometimes push on through
the night despite risk of attack,
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00:14:32,258 --> 00:14:34,290
under cover of darkness.
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00:14:47,916 --> 00:14:51,540
Drawn by lightning distant
thunder or the smell of rain,
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00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:53,707
they may travel 50 miles by dawn.
111
00:15:10,416 --> 00:15:12,415
Now adversities multiply.
112
00:15:14,916 --> 00:15:17,415
Drought has parched
the plains tinder dry.
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00:15:19,791 --> 00:15:21,999
Grass fires sweep the Serengeti.
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00:15:36,375 --> 00:15:38,290
Scoured by fire and wind,
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00:15:38,500 --> 00:15:41,749
the vegetation will regenerate
in the rains to come,
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00:15:41,958 --> 00:15:45,665
but for the moment, herds seeking
sustenance find only dust.
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00:16:03,708 --> 00:16:07,040
Now the enemies are thirst
hunger exhaustion ...
118
00:16:07,250 --> 00:16:10,332
and, as ever, predators.
119
00:16:23,083 --> 00:16:25,207
So powerful is the urge to migrate,
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00:16:25,416 --> 00:16:28,749
the herd will push on even
when confronted by a lion ...
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00:16:28,958 --> 00:16:30,707
crouched in open ambush.
122
00:16:30,916 --> 00:16:33,582
The hunter has only
to pick the moment.
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00:16:55,208 --> 00:16:56,624
In this endless contest,
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00:16:56,833 --> 00:16:58,624
nothing is guaranteed.
125
00:16:58,833 --> 00:17:02,749
In daytime, only one lion hunt
in five succeeds.
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00:17:10,625 --> 00:17:12,915
Finally, after months
of migration,
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00:17:13,125 --> 00:17:14,165
the forward ranks ...
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00:17:14,375 --> 00:17:17,332
surge into the bounty that has
drawn them northward ―
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00:17:18,458 --> 00:17:21,707
the rich pastures of the
Maasai Mara in Kenya.
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00:17:26,250 --> 00:17:30,415
Once more, their instincts have
brought them to a place of plenty.
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00:17:34,125 --> 00:17:36,790
Here, they will range
and graze for months ...
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00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:41,374
until the life-giving rains
return on the winds of October.
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00:17:49,208 --> 00:17:51,124
To the east,
close by the Serengeti,
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00:17:51,333 --> 00:17:53,624
there is a place of even
greater abundance.
135
00:17:53,833 --> 00:17:55,957
One of the natural
wonders of the world.
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00:17:56,916 --> 00:17:58,957
It is a microcosm
of the Serengeti.
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00:18:07,208 --> 00:18:10,874
Ngorongoro crater is
a huge volcanic caldera,
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00:18:11,083 --> 00:18:13,165
encompassing 100 square miles,
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00:18:13,375 --> 00:18:17,499
a remnant of the great eruptions
that created the Serengeti plains.
140
00:18:21,625 --> 00:18:26,415
From cloud forests along the rim to
the crater floor 2,000 feet below,
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00:18:26,625 --> 00:18:29,207
a self-contained
ecosystem provides ...
142
00:18:29,416 --> 00:18:31,957
abundant forage
and plentiful water.
143
00:18:34,458 --> 00:18:36,707
Where there is water, there is life.
144
00:18:58,708 --> 00:19:00,707
An object of amusement to some,
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00:19:00,916 --> 00:19:06,249
the hippopotamus can cut a crocodile
or a human in half with a single bite.
146
00:19:07,333 --> 00:19:09,624
Prompting an axiom
of the Serengeti:
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00:19:09,833 --> 00:19:13,499
"Never come between a hippo
and its territorial waters."
148
00:19:16,958 --> 00:19:19,540
Tens of thousands of
animals dwell here,
149
00:19:19,750 --> 00:19:22,249
others come in migrations
of the sky:
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00:19:23,416 --> 00:19:25,707
Flamingos from Namibia.
151
00:19:28,625 --> 00:19:31,124
Storks from as far
as Europe and Asia.
152
00:19:33,333 --> 00:19:36,165
Like privileged cousins of the
migrating herds outside,
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00:19:36,375 --> 00:19:38,832
wildebeests and zebras within
the crater walls ...
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00:19:39,041 --> 00:19:41,665
need only wander from
pasture to pasture.
155
00:20:07,208 --> 00:20:09,165
Dangers abound here as elsewhere.
156
00:20:11,958 --> 00:20:14,415
Zebras cluster together in
a tangle of stripes,
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00:20:14,625 --> 00:20:16,124
confusing to predators.
158
00:20:20,791 --> 00:20:23,040
The horses of Africa appear placid,
159
00:20:23,250 --> 00:20:25,249
but they have never
been domesticated.
160
00:20:43,458 --> 00:20:46,165
The black rhinoceros, for all its
formidable presence ...
161
00:20:46,375 --> 00:20:49,915
and frequent marking of territory
is a vulnerable giant,
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poached almost to extinction
for the value of its horn.
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00:21:05,625 --> 00:21:08,999
Ngorongoro crater is one of the
few protected refuges ...
164
00:21:09,208 --> 00:21:11,165
where the black rhino endures.
165
00:21:15,250 --> 00:21:17,624
For a baboon troop
much of the day passes ...
166
00:21:17,833 --> 00:21:19,999
attending to young, grooming ...
167
00:21:20,208 --> 00:21:21,290
and socializing.
168
00:22:16,791 --> 00:22:17,749
Though the job of protecting ...
169
00:22:17,958 --> 00:22:21,624
the lion pride and its territory
belongs to the males,
170
00:22:21,833 --> 00:22:24,874
the work of hunting and raising
young falls to the females.
171
00:22:39,041 --> 00:22:43,040
Play helps prepare the young for
the violent encounters to come.
172
00:23:26,958 --> 00:23:31,957
The vaunted power of lions is matched
by a prodigious capacity for rest.
173
00:23:33,083 --> 00:23:36,624
Typically 20 hours a day is
spent in regal slumber.
174
00:23:46,500 --> 00:23:48,124
When lions mate, however,
175
00:23:48,333 --> 00:23:49,457
they do so on average ...
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00:23:49,666 --> 00:23:51,790
every 25 minutes,
day and night ...
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00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:53,040
without feeding ...
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00:23:53,250 --> 00:23:54,540
for three or four days.
179
00:24:07,625 --> 00:24:09,999
It has been estimated that
3,000 mating occur ...
180
00:24:10,208 --> 00:24:12,749
for every cub that
survives its first year.
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00:24:43,041 --> 00:24:45,957
These lands are also
the cradle of humanity.
182
00:24:46,166 --> 00:24:47,915
Gashed into the
eastern Serengeti ...
183
00:24:48,125 --> 00:24:51,540
Plains near Ngorongoro is
Olduvai-gorge, one of the most ...
184
00:24:51,750 --> 00:24:55,415
famous archaeological sites of earth.
185
00:24:56,541 --> 00:24:58,374
It bears within
its layered walls ...
186
00:24:58,583 --> 00:25:00,124
a human fossil record spanning ...
187
00:25:00,333 --> 00:25:03,124
almost two million years.
188
00:25:29,333 --> 00:25:32,957
Today, the proud Maasai
people dwell here.
189
00:25:45,125 --> 00:25:47,165
They too, follow
a nomadic existence ...
190
00:25:47,375 --> 00:25:49,165
along the edges of the Serengeti.
191
00:25:49,375 --> 00:25:50,749
Ever seeking good grazing ...
192
00:25:50,958 --> 00:25:53,082
for their cattle herds.
193
00:26:25,958 --> 00:26:28,249
The Maasai believe
that heaven gave them,
194
00:26:28,458 --> 00:26:32,040
and no other people,
all the cattle on earth.
195
00:26:33,791 --> 00:26:35,082
And from their treasured cattle,
196
00:26:35,291 --> 00:26:36,499
they still draw a staple ...
197
00:26:36,708 --> 00:26:38,540
of the Maasai warrior diet:
198
00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:41,124
A mixture of milk and blood.
199
00:27:00,791 --> 00:27:05,165
The age of predators still
encompasses the world of the Maasai.
200
00:27:05,375 --> 00:27:07,082
From this and nearby villages,
201
00:27:07,291 --> 00:27:11,749
leopards have taken three infants
within the year.
202
00:27:11,958 --> 00:27:13,874
Once the most
formidable warriors ...
203
00:27:13,983 --> 00:27:14,874
in east Africa,
204
00:27:15,083 --> 00:27:16,707
the Maasai still
defend their cattle ...
205
00:27:16,916 --> 00:27:19,290
and families with spears.
206
00:28:13,750 --> 00:28:15,707
Some are born on the Serengeti,
207
00:28:15,916 --> 00:28:18,040
some seek it out.
208
00:28:19,666 --> 00:28:22,374
Today a growing human migration ...
209
00:28:22,583 --> 00:28:24,415
from the outside world
can witness ...
210
00:28:24,625 --> 00:28:25,874
a spectacle of wildness ...
211
00:28:26,083 --> 00:28:28,499
long vanished elsewhere.
212
00:28:41,958 --> 00:28:44,207
Tanzania and Kenya
have preserved ...
213
00:28:44,416 --> 00:28:46,207
vast areas as national parks ...
214
00:28:46,416 --> 00:28:48,499
and game reserves,
proclaiming them ...
215
00:28:48,708 --> 00:28:51,874
a world heritage of all mankind.
216
00:28:59,583 --> 00:29:00,874
The support from tourism ...
217
00:29:01,083 --> 00:29:03,124
is now indispensable
to the survival ...
218
00:29:03,333 --> 00:29:05,374
of this heritage, linking the ...
219
00:29:05,583 --> 00:29:06,749
destiny of the Serengeti ...
220
00:29:06,958 --> 00:29:10,124
with the visitors who pass in awe.
221
00:29:27,458 --> 00:29:30,124
The Serengeti they behold
is changing,
222
00:29:30,333 --> 00:29:32,665
threatened by population
growth and poaching,
223
00:29:32,875 --> 00:29:35,832
but vigorously protected as well.
224
00:29:41,166 --> 00:29:42,915
Elephant herds that once fled ...
225
00:29:43,125 --> 00:29:44,415
poachers are returning,
226
00:29:44,625 --> 00:29:47,957
now protected by an ivory moratorium.
227
00:29:59,500 --> 00:30:01,415
Nourished again by the Serengeti,
228
00:30:01,625 --> 00:30:03,374
and encouraged by greater safety,
229
00:30:03,583 --> 00:30:06,332
The herds are multiplying rapidly.
230
00:30:29,958 --> 00:30:31,290
On the Maasai Mara,
231
00:30:31,500 --> 00:30:34,624
the storms of October approach.
232
00:30:45,625 --> 00:30:47,415
And with the return of the rains,
233
00:30:47,625 --> 00:30:48,915
the herds will resume ...
234
00:30:49,125 --> 00:30:50,165
the great migration ...
235
00:30:50,375 --> 00:30:51,832
toward their ancestral calving ...
236
00:30:52,041 --> 00:30:54,249
grounds in the south.
237
00:31:03,125 --> 00:31:06,499
But ahead they face
their greatest peril.
238
00:31:09,166 --> 00:31:10,124
To reach the south,
239
00:31:10,333 --> 00:31:12,249
the herd must cross
the Mara river ...
240
00:31:12,458 --> 00:31:14,874
now swollen by the rains.
241
00:31:30,333 --> 00:31:31,924
In these waters,
242
00:31:32,133 --> 00:31:35,124
it is still the age of dinosaurs,
243
00:31:35,333 --> 00:31:38,457
and a crocodile reigns supreme.
244
00:33:36,791 --> 00:33:38,790
Many that survive the crocodiles,
245
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:41,874
fall prey to the river itself.
246
00:33:42,083 --> 00:33:45,249
Some drown. Some are trampled.
247
00:33:45,458 --> 00:33:46,707
some are too exhausted ...
248
00:33:46,916 --> 00:33:49,290
to save themselves.
249
00:34:03,708 --> 00:34:04,874
Through the year
and the course ...
250
00:34:05,083 --> 00:34:06,165
of the great migration,
251
00:34:06,375 --> 00:34:08,374
a quarter of a
million wildebeests ...
252
00:34:08,583 --> 00:34:10,415
will have died.
253
00:34:10,625 --> 00:34:12,665
But the migration moves on ...
254
00:34:12,875 --> 00:34:14,499
through the long journey south,
255
00:34:14,708 --> 00:34:17,332
returning finally
to the short grass plains ...
256
00:34:17,541 --> 00:34:21,249
where the miracle
of the Serengeti unfolds.
257
00:34:23,833 --> 00:34:26,332
The mass breeding
earlier in the year ...
258
00:34:26,541 --> 00:34:29,457
culminates in mass birth.
259
00:34:38,875 --> 00:34:40,582
In the brief span of a few weeks,
260
00:34:40,791 --> 00:34:42,207
early in the wet season,
261
00:34:42,416 --> 00:34:43,665
almost half a
million wildebeest ...
262
00:34:43,875 --> 00:34:45,832
calves are born,
263
00:34:46,041 --> 00:34:47,707
a strategy that
overwhelms predators ...
264
00:34:47,916 --> 00:34:50,374
and ensures the survival ...
265
00:34:50,583 --> 00:34:53,207
of a new generation.
266
00:35:21,916 --> 00:35:23,624
To survive in the
midst of predators,
267
00:35:23,833 --> 00:35:25,499
newborn calves must be able to ...
268
00:35:25,708 --> 00:35:28,707
stand within minutes of birth.
269
00:35:59,583 --> 00:36:01,582
Those unable to stand,
270
00:36:01,791 --> 00:36:04,290
must be abandoned.
271
00:36:50,458 --> 00:36:52,207
Once more on the plains ...
272
00:36:52,416 --> 00:36:53,624
of the Serengeti,
273
00:36:53,833 --> 00:36:56,790
life is more powerful than death.
274
00:36:57,000 --> 00:36:59,249
And there remains
a place on Earth ...
275
00:36:59,458 --> 00:37:02,749
where it is still
the morning of life ...
276
00:37:02,958 --> 00:37:06,499
and the great herds still run free.
276
00:37:07,305 --> 00:38:07,519
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