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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:17,559 --> 00:00:20,939 Hours before Mehmed launches his final assault, 2 00:00:21,021 --> 00:00:23,821 an ominous sight shakes both sides. 3 00:00:34,617 --> 00:00:36,367 Why has God forsaken us? 4 00:00:37,495 --> 00:00:39,745 Is our fate to be thrown to the Ottoman dogs? 5 00:00:40,290 --> 00:00:42,290 The city is not yet lost, Lord. 6 00:00:42,709 --> 00:00:45,169 Yes, the Venetian fleet is on its way. 7 00:00:45,253 --> 00:00:47,673 Unless they arrive tomorrow, they do us no good. 8 00:00:50,633 --> 00:00:55,393 Rumors of a 40-ship fleet's imminent arrival have swirled for weeks, 9 00:00:55,472 --> 00:00:58,562 but it's exact whereabouts remain unknown. 10 00:01:00,185 --> 00:01:02,975 I think everyone involved was hoping against hope. 11 00:01:03,063 --> 00:01:07,323 I think you just naturally want the hope that, uh, deliverance will come. 12 00:01:07,400 --> 00:01:09,530 The West can't forget about us. 13 00:01:09,611 --> 00:01:14,821 They know that Venice has voted to send help in the form of their navy, 14 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:16,028 as well as soldiers. 15 00:01:16,117 --> 00:01:18,117 And so the relief fleet is on their way. 16 00:01:20,080 --> 00:01:22,290 Every day, they get up there and they look for it, 17 00:01:22,373 --> 00:01:25,093 day after day, after day 18 00:01:25,168 --> 00:01:27,208 and it doesn't come and it doesn't come. 19 00:01:27,962 --> 00:01:31,262 We can hold off the Turks, Emperor, I swear to you. 20 00:01:32,759 --> 00:01:33,799 Lord Giustiniani? 21 00:01:35,011 --> 00:01:36,431 The walls will hold, Lord. 22 00:01:36,971 --> 00:01:40,271 The Turks have suffered heavy losses every time they've attacked. 23 00:01:40,350 --> 00:01:44,100 It's not me who needs to be convinced, dear Giustiniani. 24 00:01:45,563 --> 00:01:47,693 My faith is inseparable from this city. 25 00:01:48,233 --> 00:01:50,363 It may not have to be, Emperor. 26 00:01:51,152 --> 00:01:52,952 I have some good friends in Galata. 27 00:01:53,404 --> 00:01:58,544 They offered me to get us... you and your court out of the city. 28 00:01:59,285 --> 00:02:01,285 Leave the city? Now? 29 00:02:01,371 --> 00:02:02,661 There's no shame in it. 30 00:02:02,747 --> 00:02:04,417 You will abandon the fight? 31 00:02:05,083 --> 00:02:07,843 There's no honor in suicide. The Turks will have our heads. 32 00:02:07,919 --> 00:02:09,999 I will have yours now, coward! 33 00:02:10,088 --> 00:02:11,128 Hey,. 34 00:02:13,007 --> 00:02:17,757 Lord Loukas, you would leave your emperor and countrymen at such a moment as this? 35 00:02:17,846 --> 00:02:20,636 I'm, of course, only concerned for the emperor's safety. 36 00:02:22,100 --> 00:02:24,350 If this has to be the end of the Roman Empire, 37 00:02:25,478 --> 00:02:26,978 I will die defending it. 38 00:02:28,106 --> 00:02:31,396 Anyone who loves me and their empire, 39 00:02:31,985 --> 00:02:35,235 take up your swords and join me in this battle! 40 00:02:39,742 --> 00:02:42,832 Then let us write our own history in these fateful hours! 41 00:02:49,544 --> 00:02:51,924 Every empire has a beginning. 42 00:02:52,005 --> 00:02:56,125 Forged of blood, steel, fortune and conquest. 43 00:02:56,217 --> 00:03:00,557 In 1453, Roman Emperor Constantine XI 44 00:03:00,638 --> 00:03:03,098 and Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, 45 00:03:03,183 --> 00:03:06,273 wage an epic battle for Constantinople. 46 00:03:06,769 --> 00:03:10,019 Twenty-three armies have tried to take the legendary city, 47 00:03:10,106 --> 00:03:11,436 all have failed. 48 00:03:11,816 --> 00:03:15,026 Out of the carnage, one ruler will emerge victorious 49 00:03:15,111 --> 00:03:19,741 and change the course of history for the next 300 years. 50 00:03:20,325 --> 00:03:21,985 For one empire to rise... 51 00:03:22,660 --> 00:03:24,330 another must fall. 52 00:03:32,045 --> 00:03:35,005 The Turks will concentrate their attacks on the land walls. 53 00:03:35,089 --> 00:03:38,969 The gate of St. Romanus will be their primary target. 54 00:03:39,052 --> 00:03:41,512 It's nearly demolished by their cannons 55 00:03:41,596 --> 00:03:45,346 and they have been stacking their units directly across from it. 56 00:03:45,934 --> 00:03:49,024 We must defend with all we have, there. 57 00:03:50,063 --> 00:03:52,693 Lord Giustiniani, you will have whatever we can get. 58 00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:55,940 We will need all men of fighting age. 59 00:03:56,527 --> 00:04:00,067 We can leave the old and the clergy to defend the seaside walls. 60 00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:04,370 Lord Loukas, knowing the Turks will come here, 61 00:04:05,036 --> 00:04:08,406 I will immediately need your cannons moved to the gate of St. Romanus. 62 00:04:08,498 --> 00:04:10,078 That's out of the question. 63 00:04:10,500 --> 00:04:13,170 I need them to defend the walls along the Golden Horn. 64 00:04:13,253 --> 00:04:15,133 You've seen their ships waiting to attack. 65 00:04:15,213 --> 00:04:17,173 They will not come from the Horn. 66 00:04:17,590 --> 00:04:18,760 It's too great a risk. 67 00:04:18,841 --> 00:04:20,551 They will storm this gate. 68 00:04:20,635 --> 00:04:22,755 I need all of our cannons to stop them. 69 00:04:22,845 --> 00:04:23,845 Lord Giustiniani, 70 00:04:23,930 --> 00:04:27,060 I'm sure you will find a way to defeat them without my cannons. 71 00:04:28,309 --> 00:04:30,189 You are the military genius, 72 00:04:31,562 --> 00:04:32,562 aren't you? 73 00:04:35,858 --> 00:04:37,858 It's not a request. 74 00:04:38,444 --> 00:04:42,914 I don't take orders from the Catholic pirates. 75 00:04:43,866 --> 00:04:44,736 Ah! 76 00:04:45,285 --> 00:04:46,285 Ah! 77 00:04:46,369 --> 00:04:49,119 I have killed hundreds in this siege. 78 00:04:49,580 --> 00:04:53,880 -One more won't make a difference to me. -Enough! 79 00:04:54,919 --> 00:04:57,379 There is no time for this petty bickering. 80 00:05:00,925 --> 00:05:04,925 You will get your cannons, Lord Giustiniani, but end this now. 81 00:05:09,225 --> 00:05:12,185 We will settle this after the Turks are gone. 82 00:05:15,023 --> 00:05:17,403 Humans have this endless capacity to bicker. 83 00:05:17,483 --> 00:05:19,243 Even when extinction is threatening. 84 00:05:20,069 --> 00:05:23,869 Constantine has to kind of console Giustiniani and Notaras 85 00:05:23,948 --> 00:05:27,788 and kind of wake them up to, you know, we have a bigger problem here. 86 00:05:29,370 --> 00:05:32,330 My lord, Captain Tommaso has returned with urgent news. 87 00:05:32,415 --> 00:05:33,415 Send him in. 88 00:05:33,499 --> 00:05:35,209 Three and a half weeks earlier, 89 00:05:35,293 --> 00:05:38,713 Constantine had ordered lookouts to find the Venetian fleet. 90 00:05:38,796 --> 00:05:41,666 Their imminent arrival could save the city. 91 00:05:42,592 --> 00:05:44,842 We ran the blockade, my lord. 92 00:05:45,762 --> 00:05:48,102 We scanned the seas from dusk till dawn, 93 00:05:49,640 --> 00:05:51,060 but saw no ships. 94 00:05:57,398 --> 00:06:00,398 The grim news means the Venetian fleet's arrival 95 00:06:00,485 --> 00:06:02,275 is at least a week away. 96 00:06:02,987 --> 00:06:05,107 The Romans are on their own. 97 00:06:06,699 --> 00:06:08,029 Thank you, Captain. 98 00:06:34,060 --> 00:06:36,350 Constantine couldn't surrender. 99 00:06:36,437 --> 00:06:41,107 He couldn't give up because he bore on his shoulders 100 00:06:41,192 --> 00:06:44,452 more than his own personal dignity 101 00:06:44,529 --> 00:06:47,699 and his hopes, uh, for himself and for his family. 102 00:06:47,782 --> 00:06:49,662 He was the embodiment 103 00:06:49,742 --> 00:06:53,582 of something that had been set in train a thousand years before 104 00:06:53,663 --> 00:06:58,383 with the foundation of that city by his namesake, Constantine the Great... 105 00:07:00,628 --> 00:07:03,798 who had founded that city and called it after himself. 106 00:07:05,800 --> 00:07:07,550 And from the 15th century, 107 00:07:07,635 --> 00:07:13,765 that had been one, almost continuous story of imperial rule and Christianity. 108 00:07:13,850 --> 00:07:17,230 And that was too much for one man to lay aside. 109 00:07:24,277 --> 00:07:27,067 Constantine, he says, "These are my people 110 00:07:27,155 --> 00:07:30,485 and it's worth dying... I'm not gonna leave them to die alone, 111 00:07:30,575 --> 00:07:32,945 I'm gonna... I'm gonna lead them and die with them." 112 00:07:51,929 --> 00:07:54,969 The day comes, 29th of May, before dawn. 113 00:07:59,020 --> 00:08:02,900 Mehmed realized that it was now or never. 114 00:08:46,484 --> 00:08:48,074 Mehmed orders his cannons 115 00:08:48,152 --> 00:08:51,702 to intensify their barrage on the weakened walls. 116 00:08:58,871 --> 00:09:02,501 There is a Genoese ship readying to depart from the Golden Horn. 117 00:09:02,583 --> 00:09:04,963 Take who you can, go to Chios. 118 00:09:05,044 --> 00:09:06,674 No. No, I won't leave you! 119 00:09:06,754 --> 00:09:08,844 If you care for me, you will. 120 00:09:09,382 --> 00:09:11,722 It will give me strength to know you are safe. 121 00:09:14,011 --> 00:09:17,471 Promise me... promise me you'll join me in Chios. 122 00:09:31,612 --> 00:09:32,612 Now go. 123 00:09:57,680 --> 00:09:59,350 I think we're due a pay rise, lads. 124 00:10:02,768 --> 00:10:04,348 Let's send the bastards to hell. 125 00:10:04,437 --> 00:10:05,517 To hell! 126 00:10:05,605 --> 00:10:06,935 To hell! 127 00:10:07,023 --> 00:10:08,323 To hell! 128 00:10:12,737 --> 00:10:14,987 Giustiniani and his remaining men 129 00:10:15,072 --> 00:10:18,242 take up a position between the inner and outer walls 130 00:10:18,326 --> 00:10:19,946 at the St. Romanus gate, 131 00:10:20,494 --> 00:10:23,834 putting them in what will soon become a killing field. 132 00:10:24,457 --> 00:10:27,287 For the Genoese mercenaries and their leader, 133 00:10:27,376 --> 00:10:28,876 there are two ways out: 134 00:10:29,337 --> 00:10:31,337 victory or death. 135 00:10:37,595 --> 00:10:43,555 Twenty-three armies have tried to take this city and failed. 136 00:10:47,897 --> 00:10:51,317 My own father faltered at these walls, 137 00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,650 as did many of your fathers who fought alongside him. 138 00:10:57,239 --> 00:11:00,199 Tonight, we will avenge them. 139 00:11:01,535 --> 00:11:02,905 Allah has willed it. 140 00:11:04,872 --> 00:11:10,092 The Prophet said, "You shall conquer Constantinople. 141 00:11:10,586 --> 00:11:12,956 What a wonderful leader will her leader be. 142 00:11:14,090 --> 00:11:16,510 And what a wonderful army will that army be." 143 00:11:17,802 --> 00:11:20,012 Let us now fulfill our destiny. 144 00:11:31,732 --> 00:11:35,652 Then, we will use our hands and minds 145 00:11:35,736 --> 00:11:38,026 to forge a new age from the ashes. 146 00:11:39,615 --> 00:11:41,695 The Red Apple will be given to the fateful. 147 00:11:42,368 --> 00:11:43,408 Allahu Akbar! 148 00:11:43,494 --> 00:11:45,084 Allahu Akbar! 149 00:11:45,162 --> 00:11:46,462 Allahu Akbar! 150 00:11:46,997 --> 00:11:48,417 Allahu Akbar! 151 00:11:48,499 --> 00:11:49,959 Allahu Akbar! 152 00:11:50,042 --> 00:11:51,212 Allahu Akbar! 153 00:11:51,627 --> 00:11:54,917 Mehmed, he really knows what to do and when to do it. 154 00:11:55,005 --> 00:11:57,125 So, you'll conquer and you'll get these riches. 155 00:11:57,216 --> 00:12:00,636 But also appealing to the religious side of these soldiers too. 156 00:12:00,720 --> 00:12:03,010 God is with us and he'll help us to conquer. 157 00:12:03,097 --> 00:12:06,267 But also making himself into a standard. 158 00:12:06,684 --> 00:12:08,814 I'm with you, therefore we'll conquer. 159 00:12:16,986 --> 00:12:19,526 Inside the walls of Constantinople, 160 00:12:20,239 --> 00:12:22,069 the emperor readies his men. 161 00:12:22,950 --> 00:12:25,790 The battle will decide the fate of the city. 162 00:12:26,996 --> 00:12:27,906 Men! 163 00:12:30,624 --> 00:12:32,884 You know what awaits you outside those walls. 164 00:12:35,921 --> 00:12:37,051 Be not afraid. 165 00:12:38,966 --> 00:12:42,296 We are privileged to defend this city 166 00:12:42,386 --> 00:12:45,216 that Constantine the Great built from dust. 167 00:12:46,599 --> 00:12:50,229 We are the protectors that have kept the scourge of Islam 168 00:12:50,311 --> 00:12:52,811 from Europe for a thousand years. 169 00:12:54,815 --> 00:12:56,685 If the great empire of Rome... 170 00:12:58,277 --> 00:12:59,397 must end tonight, 171 00:13:00,738 --> 00:13:02,108 let it not go easily. 172 00:13:03,449 --> 00:13:09,959 Sharpen your swords and steel your souls, for we fight as brothers, as Romans! 173 00:13:16,754 --> 00:13:17,884 Augustus, 174 00:13:18,547 --> 00:13:19,667 Justinian, 175 00:13:20,132 --> 00:13:21,382 Constantine... 176 00:13:22,259 --> 00:13:24,049 they will be watching! 177 00:13:35,439 --> 00:13:39,489 There's this wonderful speech that Constantine gives right before the battle 178 00:13:39,568 --> 00:13:41,948 where he's addressing both the Italians and the Byzantines 179 00:13:42,029 --> 00:13:44,369 and he reminds the Byzantines in particular, 180 00:13:44,448 --> 00:13:45,948 of who their ancestors were: 181 00:13:46,033 --> 00:13:47,793 the great heroes of the Roman past. 182 00:13:47,868 --> 00:13:51,538 And he gives this stirring reminder: be worthy of your ancestors. 183 00:13:52,498 --> 00:13:54,498 And I think it's this moment where he... 184 00:13:54,583 --> 00:13:57,463 he was up to the task when it finally came to it, 185 00:13:57,545 --> 00:14:00,415 he was willing to die for a cause that he believed in. 186 00:14:39,461 --> 00:14:40,751 Sound the alarm bells. 187 00:14:59,523 --> 00:15:00,943 Send the Bashi-Bazouks. 188 00:15:01,525 --> 00:15:02,935 Send the Bashi-Bazouks. 189 00:15:03,986 --> 00:15:05,906 Full forward! 190 00:15:06,530 --> 00:15:07,740 Attack! 191 00:15:09,533 --> 00:15:13,123 Bashi-Bazouk literally means "crazy heads." 192 00:15:14,747 --> 00:15:19,877 The fierce, but unpredictable volunteers are Mehmed's first wave of attackers. 193 00:15:27,092 --> 00:15:29,722 Before dawn, they attack in waves 194 00:15:29,803 --> 00:15:32,473 and he sends his most disposable troops in first. 195 00:15:33,182 --> 00:15:34,852 And these are the cannon fodder. 196 00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:43,190 Get ready, boys. 197 00:15:43,275 --> 00:15:44,275 Draw! 198 00:15:45,152 --> 00:15:46,452 Aim! 199 00:15:47,196 --> 00:15:48,156 Release! 200 00:15:53,118 --> 00:15:54,078 Release! 201 00:15:57,706 --> 00:15:58,826 Release! 202 00:16:23,065 --> 00:16:25,775 You had the first wave of the expendables 203 00:16:25,859 --> 00:16:28,109 and that lasted a couple of hours, actually. 204 00:16:28,654 --> 00:16:30,744 The defenders were tired after that, 205 00:16:31,365 --> 00:16:35,035 while the Ottomans were getting ready for the second wave of the attack. 206 00:16:41,375 --> 00:16:42,375 Ahh! 207 00:16:49,383 --> 00:16:50,633 Send the Regulars. 208 00:16:55,514 --> 00:16:57,604 The disciplined Ottoman Regulars 209 00:16:58,100 --> 00:17:00,730 are a far cry from the Bashi-Bazouks. 210 00:17:01,103 --> 00:17:04,113 They're the most feared army in the Balkans. 211 00:17:05,941 --> 00:17:08,531 The use of mercenaries or foreign experts 212 00:17:08,610 --> 00:17:10,780 is something that's often forgotten in the siege 213 00:17:10,863 --> 00:17:14,533 when it's seen as simply a clash between Christian and Muslim. 214 00:17:14,616 --> 00:17:18,116 There were guys from both faiths and from all over the world 215 00:17:18,454 --> 00:17:20,794 helping each other out for the highest price. 216 00:17:22,416 --> 00:17:23,246 Aim! 217 00:17:28,547 --> 00:17:29,377 Release! 218 00:17:36,597 --> 00:17:37,967 Aim! 219 00:17:41,643 --> 00:17:42,983 Forward charge! 220 00:17:44,813 --> 00:17:45,653 Release! 221 00:17:57,534 --> 00:17:58,994 Fire the bombards. 222 00:18:06,168 --> 00:18:08,668 Giustiniani converts the small cannons 223 00:18:08,754 --> 00:18:10,304 into makeshift shotguns. 224 00:18:17,638 --> 00:18:21,638 The Ottomans take heavy casualties, but press the attack. 225 00:18:27,773 --> 00:18:29,733 Giustiniani and his men 226 00:18:29,817 --> 00:18:33,897 rush outside the ramparts of the outer walls and into the moat. 227 00:19:09,982 --> 00:19:12,362 The Turks are no match for Giustiniani, my lord. 228 00:19:13,694 --> 00:19:14,784 There is still hope. 229 00:19:15,195 --> 00:19:16,905 Ahh! 230 00:19:21,451 --> 00:19:22,661 Ahh! 231 00:19:24,872 --> 00:19:26,712 Ahh! 232 00:19:32,963 --> 00:19:35,383 Mehmed sends wave after wave of troops, 233 00:19:35,465 --> 00:19:37,795 but after four hours of fighting, 234 00:19:37,885 --> 00:19:40,755 the battle shifts in the defenders favor 235 00:19:40,846 --> 00:19:43,926 and the Ottomans are unable to breach the walls. 236 00:19:44,558 --> 00:19:46,388 Sultan, we must retreat and regroup. 237 00:19:46,894 --> 00:19:47,854 Nonsense. 238 00:19:48,353 --> 00:19:50,773 -You can see, we are losing the battle. -We attack again. 239 00:19:50,856 --> 00:19:52,106 We only have the Janissaries. 240 00:19:52,191 --> 00:19:53,401 Then send them! 241 00:19:53,483 --> 00:19:55,363 If they fail, we won't have an army! 242 00:19:55,444 --> 00:19:57,914 -If they fail. -Sultan, I urge you to reconsider. 243 00:19:57,988 --> 00:19:59,318 I will take this city! 244 00:19:59,406 --> 00:20:00,906 This is madness! 245 00:20:03,202 --> 00:20:04,702 Out of my way, old man. 246 00:20:10,751 --> 00:20:13,001 The first two waves of Mehmed's attack 247 00:20:13,086 --> 00:20:15,416 failed to break the city's defenses. 248 00:20:16,089 --> 00:20:21,179 The legendary Janissaries are his last and only hope for taking Constantinople. 249 00:20:23,680 --> 00:20:24,970 Mighty Janissaries! 250 00:20:26,350 --> 00:20:30,060 You have fearlessly protected the empire for a hundred years, 251 00:20:30,646 --> 00:20:33,856 standing between your sultan and chaos. 252 00:20:35,484 --> 00:20:39,954 Now, I order you to go forth and create chaos. 253 00:20:46,119 --> 00:20:47,829 Let us take the Apple! 254 00:20:54,461 --> 00:20:56,881 Attack! 255 00:21:36,670 --> 00:21:37,800 Take the sultan! 256 00:22:14,374 --> 00:22:15,424 Sultan! 257 00:22:50,285 --> 00:22:52,365 The momentum shifts once again 258 00:22:52,454 --> 00:22:57,424 as the Janissaries continue their push towards the St. Romanus gate. 259 00:22:58,043 --> 00:23:01,003 The Janissaries were the most feared element 260 00:23:01,088 --> 00:23:02,298 of the Ottoman army. 261 00:23:05,509 --> 00:23:07,049 Giustiniani is with his men 262 00:23:08,762 --> 00:23:11,812 and here come the Janissaries who are the best trained, 263 00:23:11,890 --> 00:23:15,230 the most disciplined, who are fanatically loyal. 264 00:23:17,187 --> 00:23:18,307 And they're yelling. 265 00:23:18,397 --> 00:23:20,317 They have these colorful uniforms. 266 00:23:20,399 --> 00:23:21,979 The drums are beating. 267 00:23:22,067 --> 00:23:24,947 It... it must have been absolutely terrifying. 268 00:23:25,987 --> 00:23:28,447 The relentless advance of the Janissaries 269 00:23:28,532 --> 00:23:32,992 begins to weaken the desperate defense put up by Giustiniani and his men. 270 00:23:33,578 --> 00:23:34,698 Retreat! 271 00:23:35,288 --> 00:23:36,538 Retreat! 272 00:23:37,332 --> 00:23:39,882 Forcing him to order a tactical retreat 273 00:23:39,960 --> 00:23:41,710 into the safety of the walls. 274 00:23:43,338 --> 00:23:44,668 Go! Go on! 275 00:23:44,756 --> 00:23:47,006 Come on! Go! 276 00:23:47,092 --> 00:23:50,052 Inside the city, panic engulfs its citizens 277 00:23:50,137 --> 00:23:53,007 as the Janissaries close in on the St. Romanus gate. 278 00:24:12,701 --> 00:24:14,741 Retreat! Retreat! 279 00:24:17,664 --> 00:24:20,754 -Get them in here and close gate. Now! -Yes, sir! 280 00:24:21,376 --> 00:24:23,916 Retreat! Retreat! 281 00:24:30,260 --> 00:24:31,680 Go, go, go! 282 00:24:39,478 --> 00:24:42,058 They are coming! Close that gate! 283 00:24:42,147 --> 00:24:45,147 - Close that gate! - We still have men out there! 284 00:24:45,233 --> 00:24:46,493 Close it! 285 00:24:49,488 --> 00:24:51,988 The gate is open! Come on, men! 286 00:25:03,752 --> 00:25:05,752 Close that gate now! 287 00:26:40,140 --> 00:26:42,930 We have to get him to the surgeon or he won't make it! 288 00:26:51,860 --> 00:26:53,570 Crossbow fire! 289 00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:03,826 Let's go men, let's go! 290 00:27:04,331 --> 00:27:05,831 Clear the path. 291 00:27:09,210 --> 00:27:12,300 - Where are you taking him? - He's hurt. He needs to see the surgeon. 292 00:27:12,380 --> 00:27:14,880 He can't leave! These men will abandon the fight! 293 00:27:15,300 --> 00:27:16,380 I am sorry. 294 00:27:16,885 --> 00:27:18,465 You can't go, Giustiniani. 295 00:27:19,721 --> 00:27:20,931 The city will fall. 296 00:27:25,477 --> 00:27:27,147 It's no good, Emperor. 297 00:27:28,813 --> 00:27:30,113 Save yourself. 298 00:27:50,168 --> 00:27:52,248 Giovanni Giustiniani fought very well. 299 00:27:52,337 --> 00:27:55,587 He fought valiantly until when he didn't. 300 00:27:55,674 --> 00:27:59,184 Uh, the last day of the siege he was... I have to do justice to him. 301 00:27:59,260 --> 00:28:01,470 He fought very bravely, but then he ran away 302 00:28:01,554 --> 00:28:04,184 because he was already shot and he realized everything was gone. 303 00:28:05,934 --> 00:28:07,984 The city was doomed, everyone knew it. 304 00:28:08,061 --> 00:28:11,111 There are all sorts of accounts as to how this happened, what happened. 305 00:28:11,189 --> 00:28:16,949 Giustiniani, maybe he's just run out of, uh, of energy. 306 00:28:17,028 --> 00:28:20,448 His morale is shot and this is the moment really, 307 00:28:20,532 --> 00:28:23,162 when they see Giustiniani leaving, 308 00:28:23,243 --> 00:28:26,873 uh, the whole, uh, morale of the defenders collapses. 309 00:28:40,468 --> 00:28:42,008 We got them! 310 00:28:42,679 --> 00:28:44,559 Push forward! 311 00:29:00,196 --> 00:29:03,736 Retreat! The commander has left the battle! 312 00:29:03,825 --> 00:29:05,195 Retreat! Retreat! 313 00:29:05,618 --> 00:29:08,618 After two months of pounding by Mehmed's cannons, 314 00:29:08,705 --> 00:29:11,365 much of the outer wall has been reduced to rubble. 315 00:29:11,916 --> 00:29:13,706 The defenders are overwhelmed 316 00:29:13,793 --> 00:29:17,673 as thousands of Ottoman soldiers pour in through the breaches. 317 00:29:25,722 --> 00:29:26,722 Dear God. 318 00:29:32,896 --> 00:29:35,976 Our beloved city is lost. 319 00:29:39,068 --> 00:29:42,028 Now make haste, go to the Marmara walls while there's time. 320 00:29:42,113 --> 00:29:43,113 No, Majesty. 321 00:29:43,198 --> 00:29:45,578 There's a ship waiting for us in the harbor. 322 00:29:45,658 --> 00:29:47,698 We can still escape if we leave now. 323 00:29:48,995 --> 00:29:50,535 I am going to God, my friend. 324 00:29:52,624 --> 00:29:53,754 It is my duty. 325 00:29:56,544 --> 00:29:57,554 Save yourself. 326 00:29:59,047 --> 00:30:01,667 -You think I would leave your side? -I'm ordering you to leave! 327 00:30:04,719 --> 00:30:10,889 Tell the world how valiantly we Romans fought here tonight. 328 00:30:13,895 --> 00:30:15,015 Morior invictus. 329 00:30:20,568 --> 00:30:21,608 Morior invictus. 330 00:30:23,780 --> 00:30:26,950 This is one of those moments, which I think is very revealing. 331 00:30:27,033 --> 00:30:30,543 Sphrantzes says to the emperor, "You should flee." 332 00:30:30,620 --> 00:30:33,670 He says, "We have ships, we've proven we can run the blockade," 333 00:30:33,748 --> 00:30:36,288 and Constantine probably could have, 334 00:30:36,584 --> 00:30:41,014 but he turns Sphrantzes down and he says, "No, these are my people. 335 00:30:41,089 --> 00:30:42,879 I'm not gonna leave them to die alone. 336 00:30:42,966 --> 00:30:44,756 I'm gonna lead them and die with them." 337 00:30:44,843 --> 00:30:47,353 Which, you know, is a pretty... pretty remarkable decision. 338 00:31:11,369 --> 00:31:13,909 The emperor sees the Turks streaming in. 339 00:31:13,997 --> 00:31:16,037 He knew he was going to die. 340 00:31:16,124 --> 00:31:18,964 He faced odds that none of us will ever face 341 00:31:19,043 --> 00:31:23,513 and instead, he said to his enemies, "No!" 342 00:31:31,389 --> 00:31:32,769 And the answer he gives 343 00:31:32,849 --> 00:31:37,269 is an answer the Spartans gave at the Pass of Thermopylae with Leonidas. 344 00:31:37,353 --> 00:31:40,773 "I would rather die on my feet than live on my knees." 345 00:31:42,567 --> 00:31:45,147 And he plunges into where the battle is thickest... 346 00:31:47,864 --> 00:31:48,954 and is never seen again. 347 00:32:06,215 --> 00:32:07,625 Hurry up! 348 00:32:29,113 --> 00:32:32,743 If Giustiniani had somehow magically disappeared from the scene 349 00:32:32,825 --> 00:32:34,445 the night before the last battle, 350 00:32:34,535 --> 00:32:37,705 he would absolutely be remembered as a real hero. 351 00:32:39,123 --> 00:32:41,383 The city belongs to the Turks. 352 00:32:43,586 --> 00:32:46,376 If you leave now, you can get through the blockade. 353 00:32:52,387 --> 00:32:55,097 Come on. Come on. 354 00:33:02,480 --> 00:33:03,480 Let's go. 355 00:33:07,568 --> 00:33:13,488 Unfortunately, after displaying such incredible fortitude and bravery, 356 00:33:13,574 --> 00:33:14,744 he flees. 357 00:33:14,826 --> 00:33:16,536 Raise the sails! 358 00:33:16,869 --> 00:33:18,449 And then eventually dies. 359 00:33:30,550 --> 00:33:35,930 The feared Venetian fleet bound for Constantinople never arrives. 360 00:33:36,556 --> 00:33:40,136 The Venetians waited and waited... and waited. 361 00:33:40,226 --> 00:33:44,766 They finally put an armada together to send to Constantinople, 362 00:33:45,481 --> 00:33:47,531 but it sailed too late. 363 00:33:47,608 --> 00:33:52,818 It only reached the Aegean after the fall of Constantinople. 364 00:33:52,905 --> 00:33:55,775 Crusades were a thing of the past. 365 00:34:13,968 --> 00:34:16,548 On May the 29th, 1453, 366 00:34:16,637 --> 00:34:20,597 Sultan Mehmed II enters Constantinople. 367 00:34:23,644 --> 00:34:28,904 He's 21 years old and proclaims himself "Kayser i-Rum," 368 00:34:28,983 --> 00:34:31,613 the new "Caesar of Rome." 369 00:34:34,655 --> 00:34:37,735 But the Ottomans will forever know him as "Fatih," 370 00:34:38,367 --> 00:34:39,537 the Conqueror. 371 00:34:51,214 --> 00:34:54,934 He had done something that many people 372 00:34:55,009 --> 00:35:00,599 for the last... 1700 years tried and failed. 373 00:35:01,432 --> 00:35:06,402 He put an end to the Roman Empire and he did it when he was only 21. 374 00:35:25,581 --> 00:35:30,841 With Constantine's defeat, Constantinople becomes Istanbul, 375 00:35:31,796 --> 00:35:34,336 the capital of the Ottoman Empire. 376 00:35:35,007 --> 00:35:38,757 Mehmed takes the city, goes directly to the Hagia Sophia. 377 00:35:39,595 --> 00:35:42,925 It's the biggest building in all of Europe. 378 00:36:09,542 --> 00:36:13,712 He's even described as walking through the building, 379 00:36:13,796 --> 00:36:18,336 walking on top of the domes in order to survey the beauty. 380 00:36:20,052 --> 00:36:24,772 And he describes it in these ideas that now he is in the realm of heaven. 381 00:36:26,058 --> 00:36:30,728 It's not just a symbolic thing, for him it's a mystical and a... 382 00:36:30,813 --> 00:36:35,443 it's, uh, fulfilling what was the tradition of the hadith 383 00:36:35,526 --> 00:36:39,906 that the one who takes Constantinople will be truly blessed. 384 00:37:17,610 --> 00:37:20,240 Sultan, we've found the grand duke. 385 00:37:20,738 --> 00:37:21,778 And the emperor? 386 00:37:21,864 --> 00:37:22,874 Not yet. 387 00:37:46,347 --> 00:37:47,307 Bring him in. 388 00:37:54,105 --> 00:37:54,975 Enough. 389 00:38:00,361 --> 00:38:01,821 Salutations, Sultan. 390 00:38:03,030 --> 00:38:05,370 I'm Loukas Notaras, the grand duke 391 00:38:05,449 --> 00:38:07,909 and supreme commander of the military forces. 392 00:38:08,995 --> 00:38:12,825 Your highest majesty, I am here to offer you my services. 393 00:38:14,792 --> 00:38:17,672 And in honor of your victory, I have brought a gift. 394 00:38:36,272 --> 00:38:38,402 Why didn't you give these riches to your emperor 395 00:38:38,482 --> 00:38:39,692 when he so clearly needed it? 396 00:38:39,775 --> 00:38:41,565 -Lord, I-- -What kind of scoundrel are you? 397 00:38:41,652 --> 00:38:44,202 Hoarding your wealth while women and children starve around you. 398 00:38:44,280 --> 00:38:45,660 Sultan, you misunderstand me. 399 00:38:45,740 --> 00:38:48,950 I... misunderstand? 400 00:38:50,286 --> 00:38:52,786 Please, my intentions are honorable. 401 00:38:54,081 --> 00:38:55,791 Ask your vizier, Halil Pasha. 402 00:38:55,875 --> 00:38:56,745 Candarli Halil? 403 00:38:56,834 --> 00:38:59,094 Yes, I worked with him to bring the siege to a quick end, 404 00:38:59,170 --> 00:39:01,300 in the hopes of avoiding the bloodshed. 405 00:39:01,380 --> 00:39:03,760 If you could call him here, he would testify so. 406 00:39:07,845 --> 00:39:10,925 Take this half-breed dog away. He'll look better without his head. 407 00:39:11,015 --> 00:39:12,885 No, please! Sultan! 408 00:39:12,975 --> 00:39:14,685 Please no! No! 409 00:39:15,144 --> 00:39:17,904 No, mercy! Mercy! 410 00:39:46,550 --> 00:39:48,010 Congratulations, Sultan. 411 00:39:49,595 --> 00:39:51,505 You have won a great victory. 412 00:39:52,556 --> 00:39:53,466 Thank you... 413 00:39:54,809 --> 00:39:55,849 my teacher. 414 00:39:58,521 --> 00:40:00,651 What will you do with your new jewel? 415 00:40:02,316 --> 00:40:04,936 I will build the capital of my empire here. 416 00:40:06,404 --> 00:40:07,614 The new Rome. 417 00:40:08,614 --> 00:40:09,954 It will be splendid. 418 00:40:10,491 --> 00:40:11,411 Yes. 419 00:40:16,789 --> 00:40:20,879 Teacher, when my father came back 420 00:40:21,669 --> 00:40:23,169 and took the throne from me, 421 00:40:25,381 --> 00:40:27,171 do you remember what you said? 422 00:40:29,218 --> 00:40:32,428 You said, "When it's truly your time, 423 00:40:34,265 --> 00:40:36,595 you'll take your rightful place on the throne 424 00:40:39,437 --> 00:40:42,107 and throw aside the trappings of the past." 425 00:40:48,737 --> 00:40:50,697 And now you are your own man. 426 00:40:52,074 --> 00:40:53,704 Why didn't you believe in me? 427 00:40:53,784 --> 00:40:55,414 I gave all I could, 428 00:40:56,829 --> 00:40:58,409 so you would succeed. 429 00:41:02,710 --> 00:41:05,000 Now I go into exile, willingly. 430 00:41:05,087 --> 00:41:06,257 Not exile. 431 00:41:08,507 --> 00:41:13,387 Grand Vizier, reunite Candarli Halil with his dear friend, Loukas Notaras. 432 00:41:15,264 --> 00:41:16,524 Gladly. 433 00:41:18,726 --> 00:41:21,806 Everything I have done, Sultan, has been done to serve you. 434 00:41:24,356 --> 00:41:28,356 Please remember that when you grow old, if you grow old. 435 00:41:30,029 --> 00:41:32,159 Thank you for all your lessons, teacher. 436 00:41:33,407 --> 00:41:34,867 They will be remembered. 437 00:41:52,343 --> 00:41:54,893 Everybody calls it the fall of Constantinople. 438 00:41:54,970 --> 00:41:57,010 It wasn't a fall. Nothing fell. 439 00:41:57,097 --> 00:41:58,767 It was a conquest. 440 00:42:00,559 --> 00:42:02,559 The conquest of Constantinople 441 00:42:02,645 --> 00:42:07,525 can be regarded as the first major victory of cannons against cities. 442 00:42:07,608 --> 00:42:10,528 It was one big event that showed the world 443 00:42:10,611 --> 00:42:12,741 how effective cannons can be against walls, 444 00:42:12,821 --> 00:42:15,531 so it was the declaration that the walls are obsolete. 445 00:42:19,245 --> 00:42:21,745 There are a few people in world history 446 00:42:21,830 --> 00:42:24,830 who get to call themselves world conquerors. 447 00:42:24,917 --> 00:42:26,587 Mehmed the Conqueror, 448 00:42:27,545 --> 00:42:30,255 in many senses, changed the nature of world history. 449 00:42:31,340 --> 00:42:36,050 This great empire that will go on to dominate a third of Europe, 450 00:42:36,595 --> 00:42:40,135 most of North Africa, the whole of the Middle East, 451 00:42:40,224 --> 00:42:42,024 going towards the Persian Gulf 452 00:42:42,101 --> 00:42:44,651 and even at certain points towards South-East Asia. 453 00:42:47,314 --> 00:42:53,114 It's the time when this state turns around from being just one random principality 454 00:42:53,195 --> 00:42:55,445 on the borders between Christendom and Islam, 455 00:42:55,531 --> 00:42:59,621 to being the dominant force in world politics for 300 years. 456 00:43:00,327 --> 00:43:03,077 My son, the Red Apple is yours. 457 00:43:04,540 --> 00:43:06,710 It is the prize of your new empire. 458 00:43:14,008 --> 00:43:15,088 And so... 459 00:43:16,802 --> 00:43:17,932 we begin. 36039

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