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‫All right, so database software, we keep talking about this, we keep talking about databases being
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‫the data we store and it being stored in a specific way called the model.
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‫But we never really dove deep into what actually makes this happen.
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‫Well, that is called the database management software.
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‫And it's a piece of software that basically says, OK, I am going to manage your database, I'm going
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‫to be your supervisor.
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‫I know all of the rules about the way you want to store your data.
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‫I know your model.
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‫And when you give me an actual query, I know exactly how to get your data and give it back to you.
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‫It's kind of like your mediator or your manager.
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‫It's there and it knows everything and it's kind of like a referee.
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‫It's like, hey, hey, hey, you can't store things this way.
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‫Hey, hey, hey, don't do this.
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‫I am going to enforce very specific rules on you.
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‫It's like if you took an Excel sheet and you made it a bit smarter, well, this software says I'm going
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‫to follow a model.
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‫Whatever model that is, it can differ between the database softwares.
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‫And I'm going to enforce these rules for you and I'm going to use school as a way for you to talk to
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‫me, and I'm going to make sure that your database is safe and secure and that I manage it the correct
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‫way.
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‫So if we look at what a database management software system can do while we're talking about create,
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‫read, update or delete crud operations, OK, let's take a step back here.
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‫What do I mean by that?
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‫Well, because your database management software is between Ezekial and your database, it's basically
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‫the one that's saying, OK, you want to create a database, let's create you a database.
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‫OK, you want to create some data.
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‫Let me put some data in your database, OK?
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‫You want to read some of the data.
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‫You want to send me an actual query?
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‫Well, I'll give you back the right data.
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‫All you want to update something.
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‫There's some data in there that doesn't match your expectations.
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‫Cool.
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‫I'll do that for you.
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‫And it can even delete some stuff.
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‫OK, we accidentally added a student that isn't going to be part of the school.
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‫Let's quickly remove them from the system, create, read, update, delete.
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‫But this is an acronym that you will often hear when talking about school and databases, because this
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‫is the bulk of what school is going to do for you when you talk to your database management software.
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‫And this is the bulk of what the database management software intends to do for you.
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‫But on top of that, I talked about the database management software doing a bit more.
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‫A database management software not only allows you to do those CRUD operations, but what it's also
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‫going to do is it's going to manage your data.
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‫It's going to make sure that it's saved in the right place, is going to make sure that it knows on
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‫what hard drives is going to put what it's going to secure your data.
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‫It's going to make sure that not everyone can touch them.
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‫It's going to put in place the right security policies and the right permissions, and it's even going
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‫to do something called transaction management.
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‫This is something fairly complicated that we're going to get into later.
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‫But transaction management is basically like, hey, I want to update something and someone else wants
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‫to update something.
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‫And they're updating the exact same thing at the same time, while the database management software
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‫is going to basically say, oh, something happened here, I'm going to quickly undo the change because
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‫that's not what we meant to do.
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‫It's going to do way more complex scenarios.
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‫It's going to handle those for you.
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‫Database management software is basically there to guarantee that your data is always going to stay
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‫safe and always going to be accessible.
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‫Basically, when we used to build our own custom software, what could happen?
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‫Well, some developer could push a change and it could corrupt some data or could do something wrong
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‫in a certain operation.
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‫And some specific record of a user could go missing record meaning like a specific part of data, like
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‫you had a user's address.
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‫And when we built the custom software, remember the file processing systems, let's say a developer
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‫committed a piece of code that was supposed to update your address and something went wrong there because
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‫a database management software is removed from that custom built.
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‫And it has one sole responsibility.
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‫We're always guaranteed that is going to do these things to the best of its abilities and not the rigorously
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‫tested.
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‫So this database management software is very good at doing these tasks, both the CRUD operations as
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‫well as the security management, and making sure that your data and the people that are interacting
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‫with your data do the right things.
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‫That is very, very, very key to a database management software.
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‫And that is what makes it so powerful because it has a sole responsibility to maintain your database,
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‫maintain your data.
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‫So who is making database software?
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‫Well, Microsoft has SQL Server.
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‫IBM has a couple of solutions.
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‫We all know Maisky well fairly well.
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‫There is Oracle out there.
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‫And some of you may have heard of PostgreSQL, which is an open source variation of a database management
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‫software.
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‫But these are the companies that basically the biggest companies that make database software and they
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‫all make it slightly different from each other.
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‫You see, each and every one of these companies makes a database software that is, in essence going
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‫to maybe follow the relational model or maybe follow some other model of storing data.
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‫But they also have different features that they're all trying to compete with each other.
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‫So when we talk about MySQL versus what Microsoft brings out, which is ask you all server, they're
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‫both using well, for us to talk to it, but they may have slightly different features to kind of up
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‫you.
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‫Hey, we do this slightly better here.
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‫We do transaction management a bit better.
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‫Hey, we do security a bit better or we have the best this or that.
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‫They, in essence, compete with each other on features.
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‫But at the end of the day, there is a core to them.
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‫Well, and a certain model of storing data.
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‫So, again, what can it do?
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‫Well, we talked about the database management software managing the database and all of these players
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‫competing with each other in order to allow you all to talk to the software.
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‫Right.
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‫They all have slightly different variations of skill.
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‫They could add some special little things in there.
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‫But what we are going to focus on is the core of a school.
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‫We want to give you the toolset and the core of the language to be able to go to any of these vendors
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‫and be functional.
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‫Sure.
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‫In each and every one of these, you may need to learn some of the tips and tricks that go with the
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‫software because each of these softwares are different.
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‫But the baseline of a school is abstracted away from this software.
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‫This software is supposed to understand the school and school is supposed to talk to the software.
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‫So even if the software is a bit different between these, they all do the same thing.
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‫At the end of the day, they do the CRUD operations, the security, the management, and they may all
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‫do it slightly differently.
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‫But we are going to give you the foundation to be able to interact with any of these.
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‫And that is what is so powerful and we're going to do that through school.
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‫So if I were to take a database management system and I work to put it in a simple analogy, because
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‫analogies are so powerful, let's say that your database management software was a chef and that school
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‫was the customer and that the database was a type of cooking.
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‫Well, if the database management software is a chef, we all know that chefs do things differently.
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‫You can go to three restaurants, you can order the exact same dish, the exact same pizza, margherita,
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‫spaghetti Bolognese, a steak.
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‫And each and every one of these chefs may do it slightly differently.
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‫So each chef has their own, quote unquote, database of cooking, and they may all store the data in
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‫their head slightly differently.
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‫They'll do steps differently.
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‫They'll do this differently, that differently.
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‫But at the end, when you ask them to make you a pizza, you are going to get a pizza.
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‫I hope that makes a bit of sense.
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‫And if we were to stretch that analogy a bit further and you asked the chef for a recipe, you ask the
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‫chef, OK, how are you going to do this?
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‫If we looked into that, every chef is going to do their recipe a bit differently.
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‫They're going to write down steps differently.
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‫Each of them thinks differently.
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‫And the same is true for a database management software.
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‫Each and every one of these interacts differently with the database, interact differently with how
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‫they're going to store the data, what hard drives they're going to use, where they're going to put
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‫certain files and how they're going to take your query, make me a pizza and how they're going to process
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‫that to give you the pizza.
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‫That really simplifies the way that we have to look at this, because a database management software
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‫is basically the one interacting with both ends.
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‫If we took this and we put it at a 10000 foot view.
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‫A user is interacting with Eskil and is firing some kind of query and the database management system
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‫is interacting with a certain database, it can store multiple databases.
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‫You can have databases for multiple, multiple reasons.
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‫You can have a school database.
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‫You can have a recipe database.
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‫And the database management system is just storing these.
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‫And then at the hardware level, some hard drive or multiple hard drives or multiple systems are storing
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‫the data for you.
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‫And the database management system is taking your query and figuring out, OK, I need to talk to this
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‫database and I need to go to this hard drive to get the data.
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‫And this is how I need to break it down.
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‫That's basically how it looks from a high level view.
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‫Now, on the Internet, you may see our DBMS, so DBMS stands for database management software and database
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‫management software is the general term for a software that is going to manage your databases.
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‫But then the R portion, we've already spoken a little bit about the relational model and what the relational
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‫model is in a very, very brief way.
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‫We'll dive deeper into that as we go along.
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‫But when you see RDBMS, you're looking at a database management software that's specializing in relational
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‫databases.
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‫So it's focusing on one single model.
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‫And this one single model was developed by a developer at IBM in the early 80s and then taken by two
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‫of his colleagues who invented the original version of school, as well as the very first database management
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‫software.
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‫They took his ideas and basically built the very first version of school in the very first version of
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‫a database management software.
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‫But because they were following the relational model and because we were already spoken about the database
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‫management software being your referee, being your security, implementing the specific rules that
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‫you need to follow.
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‫Edgar Chod, the person who came up with the relational model, as well as the database management system,
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‫wrote 13 rules that needed to be followed in order for a database management software to be considered
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‫a relational database management software.
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‫He coined the 13 rules of.
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‫Now, we're not going to go into the specifics of them because they're very much at a high level understanding.
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‫They're basically rules that need to be followed to build a database management software.
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‫They are the rules that the database management software is going to enforce on you when you get an
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‫error, when you're trying to do something that doesn't follow these rules.
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‫That's what the database management software is doing.
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‫It's following these rules in order to give you some constraints and give you a way to save in a relational
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‫way.
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‫And when we see a relational way, we're talking about the relational model.
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‫We're talking about storing things in tables and columns and rows and enforcing that these rules are
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‫followed.
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‫The database management software is going to enforce them.
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‫So now that we know so much about what a database model is and how a database management system is going
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‫to be your connecting piece, your referee, your middleman in terms of getting data into the system
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‫and pulling data out and enforcing all of these rules, let's take a closer look at this relational
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‫model and how we are going to store data so that we can form a full picture of, OK, this is a database.
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‫This is my database management software, and this is the model I'm going to follow.
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‫This is how I'm going to store my data.
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‫And once we have that, once we have that full picture, we will understand how to use ask you well
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‫to interact with software like Oracle, like PostgreSQL, like MySQL to store and retrieve data.
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‫Now, that being said, there are multiple models out there you can follow.
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‫But each database management software worth its salt will focus on one single model.
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‫You may have heard of terms like NQ Well and other variations of that hierarchical databases and so
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‫forth.
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‫Don't focus on any of those.
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‫We will dive into those individually to explain how they differ from relational models down the line.
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‫But right now we really want to slim down and focus solely on the relational model so that we can really
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‫get a solid foundation on a single model, a single way of storing data and using Ezekial with that
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‫model.
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‫And once we have that solid foundation with one model, when you want to expand to different models,
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‫it'll be easier than you think.
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