All language subtitles for Cancer As A Metabolic Disease Implications For Novel Therapeutics-Thomas N. Seyfried, PhD.720p

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great uh well thanks uh thanks for the

introduction

uh it's nice to be here

uh today to give you uh an overview

of our research on cancer as a metabolic

disease and

the information

on this will be will have major

implications for how we approach and

manage

uh the disease

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button not the one on my computer uh my

my keypad here all right so so anyway i

mean getting back

i gave you the title and now um

this this first or this next slide here

shows the data now i collect this data

from this is all published information

from the american cancer society every

year

american cancer society comes out with

their so-called statistics cancer

statistics

and anyone can go back and

and get these dr siegel

uh is the most recent person cataloging

the number of cases

and deaths per year

um and then to figure out debts per day

you simply divide debts per year by 365

and you have an estimate

of

how many people are dying each day from

cancer so

these are the numbers from 2013 to 2021

um

and you can see there's a four point uh

well twelve percent increase in new

cases but also about a

4.6 percent increase in deaths per day

and

deaths per uh year

which is parallel to the

approximate increase in the population

u.s population size during these same

over the same period so so the bottom

line here is that we're not making any

major drop um

you know it's it's stagnating

uh you know you hear about all this

stuff and i'll talk about some of the

stuff that we hear about on tv and all

these kinds of things all the great

progress

that we are making

in keeping people alive longer happier

and all this kind of stuff you hear

advertised on television but when you

look at at the uh statistics

um we don't see that

okay we don't see major drops it's just

a continual gradual increase

year in and year out

so um

uh

and and this is a paper that was

published a couple of years ago uh that

evaluated all the drugs

that have been fda approved 92 different

drugs for cancer that have been approved

from 2000 to 2016.

um

and you know it's very interesting

these novel cancer therapies they are

associated with

substantial tumor responses

but the median overall survival

was increased by only about 2.4 months

this is very interesting so in other

words when you take these drugs it looks

like your tumor is responding but your

overall

survival is not that greatly increased

and many of these drugs are extremely

expensive

and

not only are they associated with

physical toxicities but they can also be

associated with

financial toxicity and trying to pay for

them now you wouldn't mind paying the

money if if you could get a substantial

impact in quality of life and overall

survival but that's not the case

so the question we ask ourselves is why

are we not making the kind of progress

in managing cancer that we should be

making considering the enormous

monies that have been devoted to this

disease

through not only federal research

funding but also through all of these

private foundations

so uh we'll we'll address that um

you know and and here's here's a paper

that was published some years ago a

couple of years ago

uh hyper progressive disease in patients

with advanced non-small cell cancer

treated with pd1 slash pdl1 inhibitors

the the names of these you hear on tv

this is your opdivo and kutruda uh and

these are the names of the of the pd1

pd1 and pdl1 drugs now it's interesting

um

there are some and you can see the poor

overall survival that you have here for

uh lung cancer you know you're up to 20

for two years as the most you can see

the patients start 138.

um 138 patients and you can see how fast

they drop off um now the

standard of care the toxic drugs that

they use

um

you know you don't get a really good

long-term survival for for lung cancer

but with um

uh opdivo and protruding you can get

some patients can in fact do do well

um the majority of pa of patients don't

show any any therapeutic benefit but

what's most disturbing

is that there is a about 15 to 16

percent of the patients treated with

these drugs actually die much faster

it's called hyper progressive disease

and this is seen now more and more

papers are coming out not only for lung

cancer but for for a variety of

different cancers the treatments

themselves accelerate the speed with

which the patients die

and you often don't hear that when uh

when these drugs are are are discussed

but anyway this there's a number of this

is a paper you can read it uh all the

references are here from jama oncology

that discuss this and there's many many

more papers that discuss this concept of

hyper progressive disease

right so

so um

now what's the problem why are we not

making any progress major progress

in cancer management and that's because

we have misunderstood the nature of of

what cancer actually is

so this paper we just recently published

with my colleague dr christos

shinopoulos from semmelweis university

in hungary

world expert on mitochondria can the

mitochondrial metabolic theory

explain better the origin and management

of cancer than can the somatic mutation

theory and i'm gonna i'll be discussing

these concepts uh so that you have a

clear idea about both of these of these

theories

so what causes a growth regulated normal

cell to become a growth dysregulated

cancer cell so this

cartoon here of a of a cell

shows you the organelles this is the

nucleus uh this large section here

um endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus

all these different organelles but the

organelle the mitochondrion here

this is a cross-section it's like a

spaghetti network through the cytoplasm

this is the organelle the mitochondrion

that's responsible for the generation of

most of the energy in our cells uh we

breathe air

we get we call oxidative respiration and

the uh and the oxygen in the air that we

breathe

uh serves as an acceptor of electrons to

generate

atp adenosine triphosphate which is the

gold currency for energy without atp

nothing in our lives in our brain in our

any of our organs can work without atp

atp is life atp is energy without atp

nothing can grow

so the atp in our cells was largely

produced in this organelle the

mitochondria

mitochondrial respiratory damage is the

origin of cancer and i'll present the

evidence for this

so the uh uh

what happens this organelle and i'll

show you how it can become damaged and

once it becomes damaged it releases

these reactive radicals that cause the

mutations in the nucleus so the somatic

dna mutations

and most other abnormalities

seen in cancer cells

are downstream effects of mitochondrial

respiratory damage so the mutations

and the cancer and i'll show you why

cancer

is not a genetic disease all of these

mutations that people seem to focus on

um are all downstream effects they're

not the cause they're the effects the

cause of cancer

is a mitochondrial disruption of

oxidative phosphorylation respiration

they mutations are effects not causes

this is this is underlies the the reason

why we're not making any major advances

in cancer because the field focuses on

mutations

and if you focus on a downstream effect

as as as your primary attention you're

not going to make the advances that you

should make and i'll show you the

evidence for that

so in order to you have to understand

scientific theories these theories um

are simply an attempt to explain the

facts of nature we as a as a species we

examine things we look at things and

then we try to explain things of nature

in the context of a theory

so reality is based on replicated facts

whereas the interpretation of the facts

is based on a credible theory so if we

go back in history and we can look at

different uh theories to explain the

phenomenon of nature so the heliocentric

theory that that the heliocentric theory

is where

the sun is the center of the solar

system this could uh theory could

explain better the movements of the

celestial bodies than could the

geocentric theory the geocentric theory

stated that the uh earth was the center

of the solar system so it was copernicus

galileo and kepler

that uh identified the heliocentric

theory and most people accept that today

we all know that the uh earth revolves

around the sun but for centuries um

talemy

uh uh uh the scientists of of of of of

of of centuries ago uh said no no the

earth was the center of the uh of

of the universe and you ha uh you have

to recognize that guillermo bruno

an italian uh was burned at the stake

for us trying to support uh the

copernican galileo theory so you have to

realize that challenging challenging

these theories can can sometimes

be met with uh severe penalties

the germ theory of louis pasteur could

explain better the origin of contagious

diseases

than could the uh miasma or bad air

theory of of galen

so um uh we now know germs germs cause

contagious diseases these could be

viruses bacteria or whatever but for

many centuries it was thought to be bad

air

the

darwin wallace theory of evolution by

natural selection could explain better

the origin of species than could the

theory of special creation and nothing

in biology makes sense except in the

light of evolution so the question that

i'm going to address today

is can the mitochondrial metabolic

theory explain better the origin and

management of cancer than can the

somatic mutation theory so this is what

we're going to be focusing on today

uh the concept of cancer is a genetic

disease or is cancer a mitochondrial

metabolic disease

all right so right now today in our

world

the current dogma is that cancer is a

genetic disease

this paper by

dr hanahan and weinberg is the most

highly cited paper in all of the

biological literature over 75 000 times

this paper has been cited in all these

various research uh papers cancer cells

carry the oncogenic and tumor suppressor

mutations that define cancer as a

genetic disease

and this concept now if you go to

freshman biology

in college

medical school

this is what is discussed cancer is a

genetic disease there is no other

discussion

of alternative

theories

on cancer and everybody's looking for

cancer mutations and all this kind of

kind of things that you read about and

hear about and it's also supported by

the national cancer institute

how cancer arises this is if you go on

to the national cancer institute

website

web page

how cancer arises it says right here

cancer is a genetic disease that it is

caused by changes in genes that control

the way our cells function especially

how they grow and divide

cancer is caused by certain changes to

genes the basic physical units of

inheritance genes are arranged in long

strands and dna called chromosomes so

the national cancer institute a branch

of the national institutes of health

clearly says that cancer is a genetic

disease so obviously if all the medical

schools and all the universities in the

classrooms and the national cancer

institute are saying the same thing this

becomes a dogma it becomes an

irrefutable truth that no one begins to

question

so this is uh

the importance of what we're looking at

here and then you know the hallmarks of

cancer

this was put out by by hannah and

weinberg uh sustaining proliferative

signaling okay evading growth

suppressors and i'll go into a little

bit more of this uh activating invasion

and metastasis i'll be speaking about

this enabling replicative immortality

inducing angiogenesis which is abnormal

blood vessel growth in the tumors and

the tumor tissue and resisting

cell death

so

all of this is controlled by gene

mutations according to the somatic

mutation there and it's also important

to recognize these are random random

gene mutations are controlling all these

hallmarks

and then to solidify the dogmatic view

of the somatic mutation theory we

present

these little figures and diagrams

a car speeding out of control because it

has genes

that accelerate the rate of cell

division

and we have mutations in tumor

suppressor genes in other words you

cannot stop cell division out of control

and people if you want to know what

cancer is people say what is cancer the

definition of cancer is cell division

out of control okay cell division out of

control is the definition of cancer

according to the somatic mutation theory

these are

uh

uh mutations in proto-oncogenes

or tumor suppressor genes

this is the definition and then here's

another

um

image that is often used in biology

textbooks

uh the accumulation of random somatic

mutations cause

the development of a cancer cell so a

normal cell is here then you collect one

two three four i don't know it could be

hundreds of mutations one meter nobody

nobody really knows and and then you

move this cell from normal growth

regulation to a dysmorphic looking cell

that is uh dysregulated in cell growth

and here's a comment from dr

vogelstein from the na from a johns

hopkins medical school we now know

precisely what causes cancer a

sequential series

of alterations in well-defined

driver genes okay so you have a lot of

different kinds of mutations that you

see in cancer cells but only the driver

genes are the most important

for driving the dysregulated growth uh

uh of of of these cells

here

and as a consequence you hear about you

know personalized therapy precision

medicine these are the terms that have

been derived from uh the view of cancer

as a genetic disease so we take biopsy

material from tissue and then we look uh

this individual here is looking at

cancer cells from a biopsy material of

of a person's breast tissue

and looking for

extra copies of a particular gene

um and that information then will tell

you whether or not you should do this or

that for diagnosis and possible therapy

and here's the situations observer

effect when you take a biopsy of a

particular

tissue you have you run the possibility

of creating inflammatory oncotaxis and

what that means is that you disturb the

micro environment of the tissue

which can increase the risk of spreading

the tumor cells uh uh further through

the tissue or even throughout the body

we call that an observer effect it's as

if you were to approach a wasp hive

uh in the middle of the day and stick it

there's a possibility that the wasps

will come out of the hive and sting you

all right so you've uh uh you've changed

the environment and and this now we now

know can also uh contribute to the

spread uh it's a risk factor for the

spread of some cancer something to keep

in mind

okay so we're gonna challenge the

somatic mutation theory with uh

significant information that seems to be

either

not

or

don't hear it so these are the the the

nico monkeys um uh and uh you know they

don't want they when you come up with a

new idea challenging a dogmatic view uh

most people in the field they don't want

to look at the information they don't

want to talk about they don't want to

hear about it okay this is the kind of

basically you ignore it when something

is against your your your your dogmatic

view on anything

uh oftentimes it's it's not possible to

accept this

so i'm going to go through with you now

and

show evidence published papers

uh challenge the somatic mutation theory

of cancer

so how did the idea come about that

cancer was a genetic disease in the

first place well this

scientist theodore bovary in 1914

published a paper

uh suggesting the possibility that the

dysregulated growth of cancer cells

could be due to abnormalities in

chromosomes

the genetic material in the cell however

it was very interesting if you read this

paper

bovary uh uh came into this field with

no knowledge of cancer and he was very

apologetic

he said that you know i know nothing

about cancer i just have this idea maybe

it's right maybe it's not right i don't

know but let me just write it anyway

well the field embraced uh bovary many

years later and anointed him as the

founding father of the somatic mutation

theory and i'm sure bobbery would be

very displeased by this because he knew

nothing he was completely ignorant of

cancer he says that he says i'm an

interloper and i don't really know

anything about cancer

um and now you know with more and more

analysis of tumors we're finding some

not all very very few but they're there

where some cancer cells have no

mutations

and um how is it possible now this

doesn't happen a lot most cancers do in

fact have all kinds of mutations and

i'll talk about that but there are some

cancers that don't have any mutations

and they've been looked for and uh you

can't find them so how can you have a

disease caused by mutations if there are

some tumors that have no mutations and

this is published and most of the people

in the field either ignore it or don't

discuss it

um now the driver this is new

information over the last couple of

years

cancer driver genes found in normal

cells what does that mean

i was just telling you from the work of

vogelstein that the driver genes are the

are the genes that make and drive the

dysregulated cell growth well now with

deep sequencing we're looking at tissues

in people

in all kinds of tissues in normal people

that never develop cancer yet they have

expression of these so-called driver

genes how can you have driver genes in

normal tissues that don't form cancer so

there's no discussion about tumors that

have no mutations or normal tissues that

have the driver genes that never form

cancer not discussed not but yet it's in

these papers

and we know some carcinogens cause do

not cause mutations like asbestos

asbestos doesn't cause mutations but

asbestos is a powerful carcinogen

and then the rarity of cancer in

chimpanzees is very is very perplexing

in light of the somatic mutation theory

because the chimpanzee and the human

arose from a common ancestor

and um they're our closest biological

relatives uh a 98

similar in genetic and protein sequence

structure

yet cancer is extremely rare in

chimpanzees

in fact there's never been a documented

case of breast cancer in a female

chimpanzee despite the fact that over 30

000 american women each year die from

breast cancer

so what's going on well it's

predominantly diet and lifestyle the

chimps are eating

the diet and they have a lifestyle uh

very similar to the way it was when they

first emerged

on the other hand have marketed

dramatically from the diet lifestyle

that we had when we first emerged as a

species uh there's a non-eugenic origin

of metastatic behavior i'll talk about

i'll talk about that

metastasis is the most

deadly aspect of cancer and now i'm

going to talk about the nuclear transfer

experiments uh which are another fact

that completely

undermines the somatic mutation theory

of cancer and i as i said before i

published this paper in 2015 very highly

uh

cited and acknowledged and read paper

but again it's very difficult pill to

swallow if you think cancer is a genetic

disease and you read this paper and you

look at the repeated evidence

that it cannot be a genetic disease and

this is the summary of many replicated

experiments using different kinds of

cancers different experimental pro

protocols yet coming to a similar

conclusion so let's look we have a

normal cell in the green we have a nice

nucleus no mutations we have a little

these little bean-shaped mitochondria

are very healthy producing energy

through oxidative phosphorylation

normal cells to get normal cells and if

they divide the growth

they have regulated

division regulated growth

cancer cells beget cancer cells they

have most cancer cells yes have a lot of

mutations in the nucleus they also have

defects in the mitochondria oxidative

phosphorylation respiration is defective

cancer cells beget cancer cells and

these cells have dysregulated growth

right they have growth growth uh out of

control this rig is the origin of cancer

so the question is

what is responsible for the dysregulated

growth is it the mutations in the

nucleus or is it the abnormalities in

the cytoplasm in these mitochondria so

this was clearly addressed by asking

what happens when you move the nucleus

from a tumor cell and now place it into

a normal cytoplasm with normal

mitochondria and the cells that you got

were

regulated in growth in other words they

had they were like normal cells they

didn't have dysregulated growth

despite the presence of the cancer

nucleus okay on the other hand

if the nucleus of an of a normal cell

was to be placed into the cytoplasm of a

tumor cell with abnormal mitochondria

the cells either died or the ones that

didn't die had dysregulated cell growth

just the opposite of what you would have

expected here this should have had the

dysregulated growth and this should have

been the normal growth just the opposite

newer experiments are showing that if

you replace the abnormal mitochondria

with normal mitochondria you can get

regulated growth all of this information

clearly and profoundly says that cancer

cannot be due to the mutations in the

nucleus

they are due primarily cancer is due to

abnormalities in the mitochondria in the

cytoplasm that's what this all of this

information points to so there's a

fundamental profound misunderstanding

in the scientific cancer field that

on the origin of the disease so somatic

mutations are not the origin of cancer

how do we get cancer how does it arise

well this goes back as as was said in

the intro that warburg the german uh

scientist

uh from the 1920s 30s uh he passed away

in 1970 actually

but he clearly showed that cancer arises

from chronic damage to cellular

respiration the way we get energy from

oxygen

energy through fermentation gradually

compensates for insufficient respiration

fermentation is energy without oxygen

it's a very primitive ancient form of

generating energy

cancer cells continue to ferment glucose

in the presence of oxygen which is

referred to as the warburg effect and we

call this aerobic fermentation cells

should not ferment

in the presence of oxygen cancer cells

continue to ferment in the presence of

oxygen

very abnormal

now there was a lot of controversy about

warburg's finest but we filled in we

discovered that uh uh cancer cells also

ferment an amino acid glutamine

glutamine is the most abundant amino

acid in our bloodstream the most

abundant amino acid in our body it's an

amino acid glutamine and this uh cancer

cells will ferment glutamine they can

burn glutamine in the absence of oxygen

for energy and we call this the q effect

to make make sure it's different from

the warburg effect q is the singular

letter that identifies glutamine in the

biochemistry

profile so this is the missing link in

otto warburg central theory

that we now know that cancer cells

survive on fermentation but they will

ferment

lactic acid from glucose and they'll

ferment succinic acid from glutamine so

the cancer cells are deriving their

energy from fermentation rather than

from uh oxidative respiration now the

important issue here is that enhanced

fermentation is the signature metabolic

malady of all cancer cells we've looked

into this so if you look at cancer all

these cancer cells have different

mutations there's different cell types

all these kind of heterogeneity but

they're all fermenting so the signature

metabolic malady is fermentation driven

by glucose and glutamine

and you'll come to realize that if we

target glucose and glutamine we can

manage the majority of cancers

so let's look at the evidence to support

warburg's central theory that cancer is

damage respiration so this is an

electron micrograph of a mitochondria

because these are tiny tiny organelles

in the cytoplasm of the cell and you

need to use electron microscopy to

really see the structure of the

organelle so you can see these nice

stripes you see here through the normal

mitochondrion and

these are called cristae and they

contain the lipids and proteins of the

electron transport chain that allows us

to generate atp energy from the oxygen

that we breathe okay

so the cristae see how beautiful the

structure is

these are very sophisticated organelles

they can generate tremendous amounts of

energy in the presence of oxygen to keep

all of our tissues alive and our cell

our brain

and our cells uh

participatory in metabolic homeostasis

now this is a glioblastoma a very deadly

brain cancer i'll talk more about that

later but you can see it's hollow it's

crystallisis there's a breakdown there's

no cristae so this organelle is not

going to be able to generate energy

because the structure is abnormal and

i'll show you more evidence for this not

just brain cancer here's a an example of

breast cancer this is a

these are breast tumor cells and these

are normal

breast epithelial cells and you can see

the normal cell here has the nice

stripes to cristae whereas the the

mitochondrion and the breast tumor has

these big holes these uh crystallisis

abnormal cristae um this here crc is

colorectal cancer

uh you can see the the uh crystal the

these ghost mitochondria so structure in

biology the fundamental evolutionary

concept of biology that you can all that

everyone should be able to appreciate is

structure determines function structure

determines function if the structure of

the organelle is abnormal the function

of the organelle will be abnormal

okay

so what i did and i don't expect people

to see this because it's quite dense but

these are all of the major cancers that

we know of lung cancer neuroblast

pancreatic ovarian

colorectal breast whatever and i went

through the literature and detailed in

all of these major cancers that

mitochondria were abnormal in structure

and function

structure determines function

if the structure is abnormal the

function will be abnormal if the

mitochondria structure is abnormal the

function of that organelle will be

abnormal that the role of that organelle

is to generate energy through

respiration so if you can't generate

energy through respiration in order to

survive the the cell must ferment

so let's look at energy a little bit

here this is energy metabolism in normal

cells

the glycolysis pathway breaks glucose

down to pyruvic acid or pyruvate a

10-step this is an ancient pathway that

existed in all cells before oxygen came

into the atmosphere 2.5 billion years

ago so this is an ancient ancient

pathway but it presents uh breaks down

the sugar glucose the pyruvate enters

the mitochondria

and is fully oxidized in the krebs cycle

named for hans krebs also the tca cycle

citric acid cycle the same names for the

same thing and what it does is it

collects the energy from the sun that

was in pla in the bonds of the glucose

molecule breaks the end of these bonds

down

captures the energy of the sun in these

uh reducing equivalents which then

deliver their electrons to the proteins

in the cristae electron transport chain

oxidative phosphorylation and you see

this large star burst here atp so the

most of the energy coming in our cells

89 to 90 percent energy

is coming from the full oxidation of

glucose down and the waste products are

co2 and water okay so this is the way

most of all healthy cells in our body

get majority of their energy we all

breathe air uh we generate energy from

the foods that we eat we break it down

the foods that we eat embody the biology

of the sun the sun the sun actually

creates this we break those bonds down

recapture the energy of the sun in

respiration and we get the majority of

our energy here now you don't see these

small star bursts here

these um this is the way all cells got

energy before oxygen came into the

atmosphere these little ancient pathways

you can get they still they're still

there they're still present in modern

cells it's just that they're very very

much less energy most of the energy now

is coming from respiration now let's

compare this with what we see in a

cancer cell so now immediately the first

thing you see is the starburst is

somewhere else it's here it's here from

a different source and it's also here in

the cytoplasm

so the ancient pathways

are now producing the majority of the

energy the oxidative phosphorylation is

not producing the energy because the

organelle the cristae are gone so you're

not going to get the energy here so the

cell the cancer cell

falls back on these ancient pathways

that existed before oxygen came into the

atmosphere the interesting thing is when

they do that they become completely

growth dysregulated and the waste

products lactic acid and succinic acid

acidify the micro environment of the

tumor cell

making the spread of the tumor cell

through the tissues uh much greater

because of all the waste that's now

creating acidification which doesn't

occur in the normal cells you don't get

any of this so the cancer cell is simply

falling back on ancient pathways

acidifying the micro environment and

this is driven

these fuels are driven here's glucose

and what's driving here is the glutamine

the glutamine the amino acid glutamine

is driving this part apart and the uh

sugar glucose is driving this part so

the abnormal energy of the cancer cell

is being driven by glucose and glutamine

not by oxygen

because they lost that ability now this

is more complicated but this is the

uh

structural uh example of what we're

talking about uh here's glycolysis the

ancient pathway of glycolysis and

glutamineolysis

and

uh what's happening here

glucose is metabolized to lactic acid

which acidifies the microenvironment

but very little atp is coming here i i

can explain if anybody's interested

here's the glutamine the amino acid it

comes through a series of pathways

and right here boom here's the energy

coming from glutamine so glutamine is

generating the majority of the energy

the oxygen cancer cells do take in

oxygen but they're not linked to atp

production but rather to the production

of ros ross which are reactive radicals

that damage dna and rna and actually

cause a tremendous amount of damage so

uh and then succinate is dumped out to

acidify the micro environment lactic

acid is dumped out so the cancer cell is

driven by by glucose and glutamine

producing energy by an ancient pathway

also producing reactive oxygen species

uh causing a tremendous amount of damage

in the micro environment

so here's our diagram

uh to encapsulate how we link the

hallmarks of cancer according to the

gene theory and hanahan and weinberg all

of these hallmarks here on the right can

all be linked back

to damage to the mitochondria so let's

look carefully at the origin of cancer

so everyone we call certain chemicals as

carcinogens like in smoke uh there's a

lot of carcinogens in

in cigarette tobacco smoke then we know

that that can damage mitochondria

carcinogens damage the mitochondria

people fear radiation because radiation

can cause cancer

by damaging uh mitochondria

intermittent hypoxia like sleep apnea

and occlusion of a blood vessel or

something can create intermittent

hypoxia

which will damage the mitochondria okay

systemic inflammation

can damage the mitochondria um obesity

uh is linked to systemic inflammation um

obesity

excuse me it's the second most

uh behind the cigarette smoke is the

most uh provocative agent for damaging

uh mitochondria

uh rare rare inherited mutations like

the braco one gene you heard about

angelina jolie with the bracha one

having you know breasts and ovaries

removed or what have you a lot of women

a lot of people

many not everyone but some people do

this um

so these mutations are risk factors they

they are risk factors because they

damage the respiration all of these

provocative agents are risk factors

oncogenic viruses like papilloma and

hepatitis they've damaged the

respiration and also age the older you

get the more likely you can have a

damage to your respiration

leading to

um

disruption of oxidative phosphorylation

and this had been known for many years

this was called the oncogenic paradox

because no one could figure out how all

of these disparate risk factors

could cause cancer

through a common pathophysiological

mechanism and if those of you who read

the book emperor of all maladies by sid

mukherjee which was on the new york

times bestseller list for many years and

was the uh received the pulitzer prize

uh for the for the book

um he struggles with this he had no idea

as mukherjee in the book how all these

different provocative agents could could

cause cancer through a common

pathophysiological mechanism and we we

define we we solved the power the

paradox

we know that all of these provocative

agents will cause reactive oxygen

species r o

s and this these ros are carcinogenic

and mutagenic so the ros caused the

mutations in the nucleus all right so

the mutations are an effect they're not

the cause they're a downstream effect of

mitochondrial damage but when the

mitochondria can't produce energy

through oxidative phosphorylation they

upregulate fermentation through

substrate level phosphorylation and what

happens is what is up regulating slp

fermentation and it is the oncogenes so

the oncogenes are facilitators

of the fermentation process they allow

the cell to take in more glucose and

glutamine so um when you can't breathe

that this if a cell doesn't die right

away but it's chronic it's a chronic

progression over time the cell gradually

upregulates fermentation you get the

warburg effect and mitochondrial

fermentation

okay

and now you can link all the hallmarks

of cancer that people think are are

really important are all downstream

effects of damage to the mitochondria so

we're spending millions of dollars

and spending massive amounts of

scientific research on on these

hallmarks that all can be linked back to

damage to the respiration and now that

we know this we there are very clear

ways by which we can solve this cancer

problem quite effectively

and here as i said we published this

paper uh on the origin of atp synthesis

in cancer because without atp cancer

cells can't grow without atp none of the

cells can grow so the first thing you

want to do is where does the energy come

from that drives the beast which is the

cancer and it's coming from fermentation

so again normal mitochondria have the

nice stripes the cristae we get most of

our energy by breathing air we have very

little risk of cancer however as the

damage this to this organelle occurs

over time uh you can see here is the

final result which is a complete damage

to the mitochondria and you get uh the

transformation from respiration energy

in the green to red a substrate level

phosphorylation which is directly

correlated with malignancy the more

malignant the cancer is the more it

ferments the more malignant the more it

ferments the more malignant it is right

what's driving the fermentation glucose

and glutamy are driving the fermentation

so this malignancy is directly related

to fermentation driven by glucose and

gluten

now let's look at metastasis all right

because this is the most fearsome at

fearful absent as they say fearsome

aspect of cancer 90 of all cancer deaths

are due to the fact that the cancer

cells which start in some tissue or

organ now begin to spread through your

body and that's what's referred to as

when someone says i have stage four

cancer stage four cancer means it's

already spread it has metastasized it

has spread to different organs the and

the first

uh

linkage of of a metastasis to a

non-random it's actually a non-random

process 1889 this person stephen padgett

was studying breast cancer showed that

breast cells uh spread to organs in in a

non-random way he referred to the cancer

cells as seeds and and the where they go

the soil to what the soil is like you

know liver kidney spleen these other

organs and um the seed soil we solve

this seed soil hypothesis by showing

that the seeds are like mitochondria uh

a correction macrophage is a different

kind of cell and i'll discuss this in a

minute and they do they do a non-random

dish spread through the body

so here's the here's a picture of

metastasis uh an artwork

uh that was produced the green cells

here are

the cancer cells okay so these are the

green the green cells are your cancer

cells

and this is the non-random metastatic

cascade a non-random metastatic cascade

because if you have colon cancer breast

cancer

ovarian cancer the process is it follows

this cascade the first thing that

happens is the cancer cells bust through

the basement membrane and they start to

locally invade uh the tissue from where

they started a local invasion the second

step is imtravisation which means they

enter into the bloodstream they go

through the blood vessel wall and enter

into the bloodstream they are not killed

by the immune system

because as i will show you they are part

of the immune system so they're immune

not only are they not uh killed by the

immune system they actually suppress our

immune system to be dysfunctional that's

because these cells and i'll show you

they are part of the immune system

they're macrophages actually and then

what happens they get into the

bloodstream

and they spread through and it's called

extravazation they exit the blood

vessels these are all extremely

sophisticated biological processes that

cannot occur through random mutations

the randomness makes no sense when

you're looking at a non-random uh

cascade so they extrapolate and they set

up secondary to tumor formation so if

this were a breast tumor breaks through

the basal membrane gets into the

bloodstream and then you'll get the

tumor cells in the lung the spleen

sometimes the brain different different

organs so the question how can

accumulation of random somatic mutations

according to the somatic mutation theory

cause a non-random medicine none of this

when you start to understand what cancer

is

everything associated with the somatic

mutation theory makes no sense yet the

field continues to embrace the somatic

mutation theory

now here's the way we get metastatic

cancer so here's uh normal epithelial

cells could be in the breast it could be

in the lung it could be somewhere

one of the provocative agents

risk factors causes a

abnormality in the mitochondria leading

to dysregulated cell growth but these

cells can't spread anywhere they are

cancer cells stem cells they by growing

they create abnormality in the micro

environment

which our body

recognizes as a wound cancer is

recognized as a unhealed wound now the

red cells are are wound healing cells

they're called macrophages their job in

our body is to kill bacteria and heal

wounds so they see these blue cells as a

wound so they come in and they throw out

various growth factors that will try to

to heal wounds but that's the wrong

context those growth factors cause these

blue cells uh incipient cancer cells to

become even more destabilized in their

growth

and these macrophages have a capacity if

the wound doesn't heal right away they

have a very powerful fusagenic property

where they actually fused with other

cells to facilitate wound healing so

what happens now is the macrophage that

was designed in our by our body to heal

the wound fuses with these cancer cells

diluting the mitochondria in these cells

to become abnormal now these macrophages

already have the capacity to intravisit

extravazate suppress the immune system

this is the origin of of our metastatic

cells it's a fusion hybridization

between one of the normal cells in our

body with one of these abnormally

dysregulated cells that cannot

metastasize this is a local event but to

get this the local event to become

systemic there's this fusion

hybridization and these cells now enter

and exit the nerve so you get rogue

macrophages spreading all around your

body driven by glucose and glutamine

these cells are absolutely dependent on

glucose and glutamine for their survival

to make atp

right so you don't need new mutations so

all this mutation stuff is just a

deviation so if most cancer cells obtain

energy through fermentation you know

what therapies might be effective from

managing and preventing tumors well one

approach is to reduce levels of

fermentable fuels while elevating levels

of non-fermentable fuels not complicated

so what we do here

if the tumor cell absolutely needs

glucose for its rapid growth you've got

a lower systemic glucose you've got to

reduce the sugar and you elevate fuels

that the tumor cells can't use so our

normal cells are great at using fatty

acids and ketone bodies the tumor cells

cannot use these fuels because they

cannot be fermented they have to be

respired so the tumor cell becomes at a

competitive disadvantage when you lower

the fuels that are absolutely needed

water only fasting calorie restriction

or ketogenic diets all will lower blood

sugar levels elevating ketones which the

tumor cells can't use

okay so we developed the glucose ketone

index uh calculator it's just a simple

tool to monitor now this was for brain

cancer monitor monitor therapeutic

efficacy for brain cancer but we now

know all all of the major cancers suffer

the same problem all the major cancers

need glucose and glutamine so but for

lowering glucose and elevating ketones

which puts most cancer cells in a

defensive position we we built this

little simple calculator and you keto

mojo is it is the meter that you can buy

from uh amazon and it will measure blood

sugar and blood ketones and if you can

get a ratio

uh the gki ratio of 2.0 or below you are

now putting your body the body into a

state of nutritional ketosis which is

depriving the tumor cell of the of the

glucose needed to grow uh it doesn't

target the glutamine but it certainly

can tell you what stage you're in for

targeting or reducing the glucose to the

tumor growth

now what we've done is we produced this

press pulse uh concept it's a novel

therapeutic strategy from metabolic

management of cancer

and um

when patients enter the clinic

not only do they have cancer but many

cancer patients not all but many have

comorbidities hypertension high blood

pressure type 2 diabetes they have all

of these other maladies so in order to

move the patient from a a very critical

stage to a less critical stage we

introduce restricted ketogenic diet

therapy ketone supplementation

attempts to press down the availability

of the glucose we also use stress

management

when people are diagnosed with cancer

they have this impending

doom uh a feeling that they're all going

to be dead and they're going to die and

they're going to suffer and all this

kind of stuff and that raises blood

sugar anxiety raises blood sugar so what

we do is stress management together with

a diet therapeutic approach to lower the

glucose and elevate the ketones and once

the patient is in a state of nutritional

ketosis

then we do pulse therapies we don't ever

want to treat patients with toxic levels

of drugs uh it's you pulse them you you

once the patient is in this you begin to

pulse glucose drugs that target glucose

like embendazole the parasite medication

and fenbendazole glutamine and targeting

with dawn and glutamine uh um i'll talk

about that in a minute and hyperbaric

oxygen which creates oxidative stress

without toxicity i mean you can you can

use radiation to create oxidative stress

but that radiation also damages your

normal tissue we don't want that we want

to use therapies that will achieve the

same goal without damaging your normal

tissues there should be no reason why

people should ever be exposed to all

kinds of toxic therapies to make

themselves healthy so what happens now

is we bring the patient into a state of

management

the patient still has tumors but we

gradually remove comorbidities like i've

mentioned

and then through

perfections of dosage timing and

scheduling with these press pulse

therapies

we can then move the patient from a

state of management either it's a very

long term management or even possible uh

resolution and this is the cutting edge

right now what is the best status timing

that can achieve long-term management

high quality of life and possible uh

resolution this is a work in progress

it's the cutting edge and this will be

the future of how we're going to manage

the majority of cancers

now i'm going to talk specifically about

one type of cancer glioblastoma

which is among the most aggressive

primary brain tumors very poor prognosis

median survival is only about 10 to 15

months

uh composed of many different cell types

neoplastic stem cells neoplastic

mesenchymal cells with macrophage

characteristics as i said this is the

rogue macrophage the most deadly and

difficult aspect responsible for

metastasis and they can also metastasize

outside the nervous system

in some people so we're really dealing

with a very difficult disease um usually

it's always considered terminal

incurable uh all of these kinds of terms

you hopeless you hear all these kinds of

terms when you discuss this so here's a

gross section of a

person's brain who died from

glioblastoma you can see the massive

discoloration cystic

regions you see that here's the midline

the midline of the brain is shifted to

the left should be nice and straight

that as the tumor grew

uh what happens to these poor folks is

that the intracranial pressure from the

expanding tumor

will eventually cause unconsciousness

and death

um this tumor was irradiated this

massive discoloration here

and what happened why you can't cure

these things with uh surgery um is

because the tumor cells have already

spread through the whole brain and these

dark purple cells that you see on the

right here in this image these are the

tumor cells around blood vessels and

they use the blood vessels as a railway

system to move through the entire brain

so even the surgeon could take see well

we got night we get most of it of course

but you didn't get all of it and the

olive and the rest of it is out through

the brain

and um and then it'll come back

uh always

um

and here's the survival statistics

of glioblastoma patients

um under current standards of care from

five canadians canadian surgical

institutions but i want to tell you this

is not unique for these five

institutions it's seen in every major

oncology clinic throughout the world the

survival is abysmal this is 40 months

and you can see most of the patients in

these institutions have expired uh

before 40 months

this one institution i i don't know this

seems to be if the patients die faster

in that institution but the other four

but this is pretty much similar all

throughout the world in all different

clinics um

you know this there's no improvement in

in survival for glioblastoma in almost

100 years 1926 they they they had the

same survival for glioblastoma as we

have now in 20 and 20 22. now think

about it for a minute think of all of

the advances in science and technology

that have occurred over the last 100

years okay

so we have the web telescope which is

now orbiting one million miles from

earth uh uh

uh which is looking now at the origin of

the universe uh with this new type of

telescope the science and technology

over the last 100 years in almost all

aspects of our of our society has has

improved significantly yet

no advance in the survival of gbm and

what is going on what can account for

the lack of progress in managing glio in

fact many of the metastatic cancers

we've done a very poor job

and and one of the reasons at least for

glioblastoma and for others as well

is the uh the way we treat the tumor

okay so the patient is diagnosed they do

surgical debulking and right after

surgical

debulking radiotherapy

is given to the patients and

radiotherapy breaks apart glucose and

glutamine um metabolism in the brain

uh creates massive inflammation uh from

the surgery as well as the radiation

especially the radiation as when the

brain is irradiated

the uh head swells your head gets hot

your brain gets hot you swell so in

order to reduce the swelling from the

radiation

the stone is steroid which creates

hyperglycemia

uh hyperglycemia is high blood sugar as

i said the cancer cell cannot live

without without sugar so the very

treatment creates the radiation itself

creates a high

increase in blood sugar the

dexamethasone used to reduce the

swelling creates high blood sugar the

radiation breaks apart the glutamine

glutamate cycle freeing up massive

amounts of glutamine so the two fuels

that are driving cancer glutamine and

glucose are produced in large quantities

by the very procedures used to manage

the disease not only that these tumor

cells the glioblastoma tumor cells are

many patients are infected with human

cytomegalovirus

human cytomegalovirus which is acts as a

turbo charger in the tumor cells to use

glutamine and glucose

so the two fuels driving the cancer

cells

are

massively produced by the very therapy

that's used to treat the disease

okay

which can which now can which now

explains

uh the problem so um you don't survive

but there's two reasons first of all the

tumor is bad by itself there's no

question about that and second of all

the very treatment used to to manage the

tumor contributes to the rapid demise

and the rapid acceleration of uh

patients uh reduced survival

and um so it's clear why we haven't made

any progress number one the tumor is bad

they don't understand that it's a

metabolic disease not a genetic disease

and the very treatment that we're using

contributes to the rapid recurrence and

demise of the patients and as einstein

said insanity is doing the same thing

over and over and expecting a different

result as long as we continue to treat

the patients in the clinic the way we

are treating them this survival curve

will not change this will be the way it

is for well into the future as long as

we can continue to do what we're doing

in the way we try to manage the disease

so um to give you an idea of how we use

press pulse therapy to manage um

pre-clinical glioblastoma

we have this tumor that we have in the

mouse that replicates all of the

invasive characteristics of the human

glioblastoma powerful tool

um we've tested our hypothesis that they

come that the the that the targeting of

glutamine and glucose together will

provide a rational approach for the

long-term management of the disease and

we published this paper in commun

communications biology this is the first

paper study showing how we can use a

diet and a drug together to target

simultaneously the availability of the

glucose and glutamine the two fuels

absolutely essential for the growth of

the tumor cells okay

so here's the histology

just so you can see how powerful this is

a standard diet unrestricted sdur

is the mice that ate a high carbohydrate

standard diet the ketogenic diet

restricted is the high fat low

carbohydrate diet presented and fed in

restrict amounts and the ketogenic diet

restricted plus don and that's the the

the previous drug that i want to show

you here it is six diazo

nor leucine this drug was used in the

cancer clinic years ago it wasn't

considered it was really good in

children with leukemia

but it wasn't so good in other

cancers

they said it had toxicity

um and it wasn't able to resolve cancer

well you never targeted the glucose and

they gave the drug in very high

concentrations so you have to know what

to do you can't just do stuff without

understanding the biology of the disease

so we combined the glutamine inhibitor

together with the ketogenic restricted

diet uh to achieve uh remarkable success

in managing uh this glioblastoma so here

now if you look at here you see this

dark blue on the left those are the

rapidly growing uh glioblastoma cells

and they're coming migrating invading

they're invading deeply into the white

part of the normal part of the brain and

when you look at them at a higher power

you can see the cells are piled on top

of each other they can't they can't

gross they can't grow any faster than

they are growing

now you give them the ketogenic diet by

itself and you see the white that

there's much less density and they're

not invading as much into the normal

part of the brain this is the the wider

area and you'll see spacing so the cells

are there they're dividing they're still

growing but they're not growing as fast

so the restricted ketogenic diet which

is targeting glucose is causing the

cells to grow less aggressively

but now when you combine the diet with

the drug oh this is all dead cells these

are all the tumor cells that are now

dead

um massive death of the tumor cells so

you slaughtered these tumor cells so

they cannot survive without the glucose

and the glutamine the diet targets the

glucose the drug don targets the

glutamine and together you can slaughter

and and remove these tumor cells get rid

of them

and here the most important thing if any

cancer therapy and treatment is two

things

quality of life and overall survival

that's the that's how you determine

whether or not something is working if

you take drugs and things and you say

well my tumor is shrinking but i feel

i'm sick all the time and they feel

horrible

you really want quality

and overall survival so this is what we

have demonstrated by using press pulse

uh diet drug combination so this blue

line here look how fast the mice will

die if just allowed to eat the high

carbohydrate diet so you can see uh very

quickly just like that of course the

most metabolic rate is seven times

faster than that of a human so you can

see them they die very quickly over a

few days whereas the humans you saw they

they don't survive much beyond um you

know three in the case of humans three

years in the gbm

um but now you take okay so the the guys

eating high carb diets die quick because

they have plenty of glucose and

glutamine the guys getting the ketogenic

diet restricted live a little bit longer

but they all die too

so you're you're shutting down the

glucose but not the gluten

then you use the high carbohydrate with

don the glutamine inhibitor they survive

a little bit better but they're all dead

as well

now you paint you take the diet and the

drug together and you get long-term

survival the qual these guys look very

healthy and now with dosas timing and

scheduling we're keeping these guys

alive much longer and it really works

well against pediatric glioblastoma

these very deadly childhood brain tumors

i'm telling you this diet drug

combination is really very effective

non-toxic and can keep the why because

we're targeting the very

the nature of what the tumors need

so and the other uh remarkable

phenomenon that we found is that when

you deliver

the drug don together with the ketogenic

diet this is electro

liquid chromatography mass spectral

analysis of the drug in the in the in

the brain uh near the tumor and what you

see here is that uh you get much more

drug on target when you deliver the drug

with the ketogenic diet restricted so

this is really uh really remarkable so

the the ketogenic diet

facilitates drug delivery to the tumor

now let's see what happens when we try

it on human okay let's see let's do

press pulse therapy uh for the metabolic

management of glioblastoma in a patient

so this young man came into the clinic

and

my colleague dr elsaka from alexandria

egypt uh read our work and said oh we

have to definitely do metabolic therapy

for uh patients in the clinic so he said

uh uh okay so we looked at this young

man he was a corn farmer he came in to

the clinic and his whole left side of

his body was

paralyzed his leg didn't work his left

leg and his arm and he had a

glioblastoma on mri

imaging analysis so the patient was

fasted water only for three days and

then for 21 days given a very low

carbohydrate diet uh 900 kilocalories

and then the tumor was so we had three

weeks of a little over three weeks of of

metabolic treatment and then his tumor

was removed in an awake cradiotomy and

when he was when he recovered

um he was continued to

give intermittent fasting uh restricted

diets with hyperbaric oxygen therapy

um uh for

for three months

he was doing remarkably well i mean he

was back walking you know he was up and

around he was back home

then he had to go do this radiation

so i said to dr elsaka why are we doing

radiation on this patient

when he's doing so well and he said well

this is the standard of care we have to

do this we have no choice uh whether

whether you're in any clinic in the

united states or

anywhere in the world they do radiation

and chemo and the chemo is tendozolamide

tnz a toxic alkylating agent so we get

but we still kept them on the diet did

hyperbaric oxygen radiation and

temozolomide um for nine months over a

nine month period

and then he went back after the

treatment uh three months on a low

carbohydrate he was doing great mris

everything looked everything looked

pretty good he he handled all of these

treatments uh really well

um and as you can see here the glucose

ketone index we brought it down into the

therapeutic zone 15 months he was doing

really well here's the tumor in his

brain

um you can see the tumor here this white

part and you can see the big shift to

the right the midline shift the red line

is shifted from the tumor but as the

tumor begins to shrink from the

treatment the midline shift straightens

out uh yeah he went back the guy was

doing really well he was back out in the

farm uh doing his uh

work in the in the corn he was a corn

farmer and then at about um i think it

was 28 29 months

uh he started to complain of headaches

um

and then unfortunately at 30 months the

patient uh expired

and uh

they did a an autopsy and and they found

that his brain uh it was called uh

radiation uh radiation necrosis

liquefication so he seemed to died from

liquefaction of his brain from the

radiation treatment uh the pathologist

said he didn't see tumor cells so it

looked like it was all radiation damage

um so that's when we decided to

uh

uh

uh

maybe

therapy should become the standard of

care for glioblastoma

rather than toxic radiation and what

they're presently doing and i published

this paper with my colleagues uh clearly

clearly documenting how the standard of

care is actually contributing to the

rapid recurrence and growth of the tumor

leading to the demise of the patients

and why we're not making any major

progress in managing glioblastoma

because we continue to use the same uh

treatment that uh facilitates the re uh

that facilitates the presence of glucose

and glutamine and if you don't target

glucose and glutamine these tumor cells

will grow will always grow very rapidly

so it's my opinion that the replacement

of the current standard of care

radiation and chemo with ketogenic

metabolic therapy will improve quality

of life and overall survival of most gbm

patients

okay

and now we'll look at individual uh

pictures i've shown this before uh

brittany maynard uh interestingly enough

she was diagnosed with glioblastoma in

january uh 14 2014

she also at first when they did the

biopsy that said so she had a low-grade

tumor

that's really good because you're

supposed to live much longer with a

low-grade stage two but they uh

one month after they did the biopsy the

tumor exploded into a glioblastoma um

and that's what i call uh the influence

of inflammatory oncotaxis you disturb

the microenvironment causing the tumor

to explode into a glioblastoma

um

you know she here here's her picture

right after she got married she was a

big article in people magazine my

decision to die

uh she was from california she oregon

this no the state the next state up

north um has a right to die death with

dignity so you're allowed to take your

own life uh if you are confronted with a

terminal uh disease

uh like she was with glioblastoma so

here she is uh uh

before she died and you can see her face

doesn't look like it looks here this

swollenness is from high dose steroids

it's called moon face and that's a

characteristic that this young lady was

given high-dose steroids to try to

reduce the inflammation in her brain and

we know that high-dose steroids will

increase the level of glucose so that

it's actually driving the growth of her

tumor uh in an attempt to reduce the

inflammation and this is another

tragic case danny sheehan he just

recently passed away in 2021 he was a

young man from here near boston and uh

he had a pineal blastoma

which is similar to adult glioblastoma

but it occurs in kids and he was

diagnosed in 2017

uh with this tumor and you can see him

shortly before he died his face is

completely swollen from the steroids the

high dose steroids that they gave to

this little guy

in an attempt to reduce the inflammation

and we know that the high dose steroids

will contribute to the rapid uh tumor

growth

now here's another case this is pablo

kelly we published this paper last year

pablo

uh contact he also was diagnosed with

terminal glioblastoma in 2014 just like

brittany

he he went to the clinic he was having

seizures and headaches and things like

this

and they said uh they did the histology

and said you have a glioblastoma a

terminal uh

cancer and um but he himself he resisted

the strong arm tactics of his clinical

team to do radiation and chemo he said

no

i don't want to do that and he said well

you're going to be dead in nine months

if you don't do that so no radiation no

chemo no steroids um so pablo contacted

me and i said you know i just told him i

said well you know you can try metabolic

therapy see what happens um so he he

shifted he didn't do radiation chemo and

he went on a very low carb zero

carbohydrate diet more like a carnivore

diet actually but it was still quite

quite low on carbs and now he's still

living i i he has a webs a web page you

can talk to pablo and ask him questions

about you know his his story and what

he's done

um he's out now almost 90 months eight

years i guess will be august he'll be

out eight year survival um but there's a

bigger story behind why he's why he's

alive and uh uh let me tell you about

this oh so so what pablo did and we have

five years of detailed uh information on

how he measured his blood glucose and

ketones

many times a day

several times a week depending on the

situation

[Music]

his

blood glucose and ketones were managed

well his gki was 2.0 or below look at he

was very aggressive now then three years

after initiating the metabolic therapy

he decided his tumor continued to grow

he didn't cure his cancer what we did

was slow down his the rate of growth and

by three years after his diagnosis in

2017 uh he decides to have a debulking

surgery

he never had surgery at the beginning

um he just did metabolic therapy so

after three years he he reduced the size

of his tumor he thought he was cured but

then the tumor started growing again

slowly and he went back onto metabolic

therapy

a carnivore kind of that's not so

debilitating you know he's eating steaks

and lamb with butter on it and things

like this you can talk to him on his web

page um and then uh the tumor was

managed and just recently last year he

had a second debulking surgery

and um you know he's going through these

procedures uh but he's still alive and

he has a good quali generally a good

quality of life and uh he did metabolic

therapy alone now the here's the

situation and i know this is complicated

but there's several reasons for why

pablo is still alive with the terminal

glioblastoma number one he rejected

standard of care okay that's number one

number two he went on a metabolic

therapy uh number three his tumor had

this mutation called idh1 mutation

this is a uh i call it a gift from god

uh it's a it's just a a

a random mutation but the mutation acts

as a drug that targets the glycolysis

and glutaminolysis pathways so it's a

therapeutic

mutation that some people with

glioblastomas get

uh it's not known

how or why but the but the ass but the

answer is is that we know that that

mutation

uh uh restricts the glycolytic pathway

and the glutamineolysis pathway thereby

shutting down the availability of

glucose and glutamine to the tumor this

together with his young age this

together with his metabolic therapy

altogether are keeping him alive um for

all these different reasons so

our bodies naturally can can randomly

produce or acquire acquire a mutation

that actually acts as a drug and

together with the diet i mean we put it

all together and this guy is just very

fortunate to not take radiation to chemo

and to be very fortunate in acquiring a

mutation that acts as a drug targeting

glucose and glutamine if you can believe

it so uh gbm and other stage four

cancers should not be considered

terminal if treated with ketogenic

metabolic therapy this gives the

opportunity

for patients to

uh

and and overall potentially overall

better survival

so i might the paper that we wrote can

the mitochondrial metabolic theory

explain better the origin of management

of cancer than the somatic mutation

theory absolutely uh you read this paper

i understand it could be kind of

difficult there's some scientific

literacy that's required but we set up

the thing

so the geocentric theory says that the

earth is the center of the solar system

the sun and all the planets revolve

around the earth

um as you can see this was complicated

for centuries the the orbitals were

there were very confusing

but when the sun was placed in the

center of the solar system the orbits of

all the planets made a much greater

amount of sense and could be much more

easily explained so we we consider the

geocentric theory comparable to the

somatic mutation theory a real mess of

confusion in trying to manage cancer

because instead of putting the here's

where the nucleus is the center of the

disease and here's where the

mitochondria becomes the center of the

disease the mitochondrial metabolic

theory it can explain better the origin

and management of cancer than can the

somatic mutation theory so it is not

clear how many years or decades it will

take for the cancer field to recognize

that the mitochondrial metabolic theory

can explain better the origin and

management of cancer i don't know how

long it's going to take

people just have to know about it

so the conclusions most cancers

including glioblastoma and i didn't get

a chance to talk about breast cancer

lung cancer colon cancer but they're all

the cancers are very similar

they all depend on glucose and glutamine

cancer is not a genetic disease so you

have to realize this it's not a genetic

disease it's a mitochondrial metabolic

disease relying on substrate-level

phosphorylation

for energy this is the whole mark of all

the major cancers the simultaneous

restriction of glucose and glutamine

will help manage most cancers this will

be the way we manage the press pulse

metabolic therapy

is a non-toxic cost-effective strategy

for the

uh management possible management of

most cancers especially uh glioblastoma

so we now we now have a a pathway

uh by which we can move forward i don't

know how long it's going to take for the

for the field to come to realize this

um but the takeaways you can uh start

immediately was recommended by um

to put as our final slide uh so cancer

patients and their family members should

ask these three simple questions of

their oncologists if anyone is is

diagnosed with cancer number one is the

treatment you are proposing for me based

on is it based on the somatic mutation

theory or on the mitochondrial metabolic

theory the oncologist should know this

will the treatment you are proposing for

me be able to reduce the availability of

the two fuels glucose and glutamine that

are driving the dysregulated growth of

my cancer

will the treatment you propose for me be

able to target my cancer cells while

enhancing the health and vitality of the

normal cells and tissues of my body so

these three questions all cancer

patients have the opportunity to ask

their their oncologist because the

answers to these questions could predict

the ultimate destiny of the patient

so i like to acknowledge the many uh

physicians and scientists who have been

working with me over the years

we are attempting

from metabolic

uh

i'm the chinese in china they're very

excited about this um in venezuela in in

brazil and many european countries are

we getting to realize now that cancer is

a metabolic disease with metabolic

solutions that can reduce significantly

toxicity and improve quality of life and

overall survival and of course you know

to do our fundamental research we need

support and the funding we get comes

from a number of private foundations and

and and the good the good of individual

people the goodwill of individual

metabolic christopherson's travis

christopherson's foundation for

metabolic cancer therapies we support

the george youth foundation dr joseph

maroon of pittsburgh mr edward miller

extremely important to support our work

the kenneth raynon foundation the

crossfit organization has supported us

children with cancer united kingdom a

private foundation for pediatric uh

cancers are supporting our work the

university my boston college

uh the institute of um metabo of uh oral

uh uh um

uh and toxicology and in the past the

nih and um

i will stop at this point and be able to

answer

any questions that uh you might have

thank you for your attention

all right thank you so much dr seaford

for that um

great great presentation

um also before we start the q a um if

anyone wants to follow up with you or

find in your books what's the best way

to do that

oh well you can email me um and i'll be

happy to address any questions or

further information that you might have

so okay great and we have your your book

up here too they want to check out our

site

um okay

all right so um

before we get the q a i just wanted to

explain to everyone um

basically how we do this we don't take

questions from the chat normally instead

we actually want to virtually raise your

hand um if you're not sure how to do

this you go to the bottom portion of

your zoom window and hit the reactions

tab um from there another window should

pop up that will have a raised hand eye

icon you click that and then we will see

that you have a raised hand in our

participants window um

we will take then the questions in the

order and we should receive them when

it's your turn we will unmute you and

prompt you to ask your question

and uh with that are you ready to start

the questions doctor

yeah go ahead great

okay first we

have okay

we have steve

okay

yes

uh hi dr seifried um

are you you're saying to it that glucose

is feeding

cancer so does that mean what does that

mean in terms of one should we eat fruit

two should we eat beans because do they

turn to sugar and three what about whole

grains because do they turn to sugar

well they can and some people uh more

than others i mean you measure your

glucose ketone index will tell you what

you can and cannot eat it's very simple

you get the meter you take your blood

measurements and if it says that beans

make your blood sugar go high don't eat

beans i mean if you can make every

person can make the decision for

themselves they got based on their gki

the glucose ketone index

what about fruit though

i don't measure your gki and see what

happens uh you know uh grapefruit is

very low glycemic uh uh an orange could

be much higher

again measure your gki your answer will

be given to you by your your gki which

could vary from one person to the next

it's not constant

it won't

may not be whatever

so you need to know what you can or

cannot eat you measure your gki

thank you

okay next we have deborah deborah what

is your question for dr seaford

hi yes good morning i wanted to ask um i

understand the difference between when

you have cancer and don't have cancer

maybe different protocols but at this

conference there's of course a lot of

adoption of

plant-based um

and vegans and vegetarian and then

um today in this talk having someone who

has cancer and you're promoting or

saying that part of the treatment would

be the keto

and achieving ketosis

quite often ketosis and keto is

associated with eating lots of meat and

vegetable protein so i guess i have two

questions um

what i wanted to know i guess is is

there a way to achieve the ketosis and

the good results still not eating meat

or in the event that you get cancer

forget the vegan stuff just go have a

hamburger

no no

again it's the gki um you can be in

ketosis on a completely vegan diet or on

a carnivore diet so again like pablo

kelly did he was measuring his glucose

ketone index and he was able to keep it

2.0 or below someone on a vegan diet

could do the same thing it's just that

the food items that will keep you in

ketosis vary differ

again it's mostly due to low

carbohydrate the lower the carbohydrate

you have in the diet the better you're

going to have a gki value and again this

is like the last question uh we can't

know that for each person unless they do

their own measurements and we find it

varies tremendously what one person can

eat what the other person cannot eat and

it's all comes down to so if you're

going to be a vegan or a carnivore or

whatever as long as you can keep a low

gki

uh then that is one way to

reduce

the rate of tumor growth

okay great next we have jaron everyone

what is your question

hi uh thank you for the great

presentation doctor so i have

two quick question one uh does your

research show that the press false

metabolic

therapy

help also for

small cell cancer

and my second question if a patient

wants to get this treatment of breast

pulse metabolic therapy

where he can find it and is it available

for for your knowledge in israel

well again um

yeah it works it it all the cancers all

the mate all the major cancers have the

same problem so small cell cancer is the

has the is dependent on glucose and

glutamine as well

um colon or rectal all the major cancers

they if you look at our science paper we

we went through all the major cancers

so they all need glucose and glutamine

for the most part

um

there are clinics that are opening up uh

slowly um

around the world and even in israel uh

there are some folks you you just have

to take those three questions that i put

at the end and go to the oncologists and

see how they answer those questions and

then you'll know whether or not you can

use meta are they if they're familiar

with metabolic therapy for cancer they

should be able to provide you with

accurate answers to those to those

questions if they have never heard of

metabolic therapy they never know about

otto warburg they didn't know this

then you have to recognize that these

people probably don't understand the

biology of the disease and then you you

have to make decisions based on that

information

so yeah i mean different countries the

turkish group in istanbul turkey

is embracing metabolic therapy and

they're getting quite quite good success

on advanced uh terminal cancers

so uh again a lot of people are going to

the istanbul clinic there are certain

clinics that are opening up

in

in united states but it's they're few

and far between because most people go

to their major oncology centers

um for information and most of the

ecology centers uh uh either don't know

about it or don't accept it or whatever

so you just have to you know do your own

investigation on that

all right thank you yeah everyone for

that question thank you doctor next we

have wendy wendy what is your question

yeah hi thank you so much

my question regarding press pulse

therapy are there any devices that one

can afford to buy

to have for their self

and otherwise how do you find doctors

that uh use press pulse therapy and the

dom or whatever that drug therapy is

thank you

yeah well the device would be the the

keto mojo um

blood glucose ketone meter you can get

it from amazon um

and the consumables i mean the meter

itself is not that expensive i don't

know maybe 60 dollars

uh but the consumables the glucose the

glucose strips are cheap

the glutamine or the correction the the

ketone strips are a little bit more

expensive

um but you can use urine urine uh ketone

strips in between the blood strips for

for ketone measurement um

whether like again unfortunately

uh what i've outlined is the future of

cancer meta

management um you don't you don't

see this in all the major clinics

i'm surprised they some of the

physicians hear about

oncologist a lot of them don't um know

about it and i think it's important

who's who's going to tell the oncology

clinics that they want press pulse

if you go and say listen i i breast

cancer colon cancer whatever i'd like i

like press pulse metabolic therapy

um rather than radiation and chemo

uh

well then you have to see what kind of

response you get ask those three

questions that i put at the end and then

you'll know right off the bat whether

they can do that or not whether they

want to do that or not

brain cancer but not for the other

cancers

i'm sorry i'm not clear the met i have

the keto mojo but the press pulse

therapy i don't know what you mean by

that exactly are there any things that

we can buy ourselves i think we're going

to provide that yeah yeah okay so once

what the way the clinics work

um

is that once the patient is in

nutritional ketosis with a gki of 2.0 or

below

is when the patient would then be

given by a professional

physician

dosages of

of different drugs

that will target glucose and glutamine

so you need to

be aligned with a physician that can

prescribe

uh these different approaches

and access to a hyperbaric oxygen

chamber

is also part of this and you will need

to this is unfortunately uh there's no

very few if any clinics that really put

this package together

um for helping the patients

and uh it's going to be uh on the part

of the patients

to demand this if they if they want this

they're going to have to tell the

oncologists or the

the treating facility that uh press

pulse we've clearly outlined what is

needed to be done how to do it so it's a

depart on the part of the oncologist to

read this information

and adapt it into their into their

clinics so um once this happens i think

we're going to start seeing much greater

uh improvement but you're right i mean

right now you say well what can i do can

i go and buy my own hyperbaric oxygen

chamber you're very expensive i i

wouldn't do this i would find a place

where you could and the other the other

problem is the insurance companies uh

will cover the cost of hyperbaric oxygen

to improve your body after you've been

irradiated

but they don't approve it uh for

managing the cancer itself so you have

this insurance issue problem that also

has to be resolved so there is a number

of of situations that must be resolved

even though the concepts

and the strategy is clear for helping

people live longer with cancer at a

higher quality of life the application

of this is in its infancy and has not

yet been fully recognized or adapted in

the in the rarest cancer clinics and

that's what will have to come from the

pressure of the cancer patients to make

sure those changes occur

thank you

all right thank you for that wendy thank

you doctor um next we have anne and what

is your question

hi dr seafried thank you for taking my

call i'm listening to you from toronto

i was diagnosed two years ago with stage

four

high serous ovarian cancer

they did a 10 hour surgery followed by

five months of iv ip

chemo

i was on a very strict keto diet

and my

ca-125 numbers have remained very low

um around 10 11 11 12.

um and then gradually the last six

months i've gone a little bit more

plant-based introducing more beans and

more

um grains and listening to you today

obviously i think you've answered my

question um

the uh gk

um i will indicate whether um

i'm in ketosis or not anymore i think

that was my question

yeah well um

you know just like what when i showed

with pablo kelly uh in his managing of

his glioblastoma

um you know there is there is some um

slippage a little bit but uh he he has

come into a new diet lifestyle that kind

of maintains and i think maintains that

slow growth let's put it that way again

he's not cured

um but he's and like yourself uh

uh you know at some point if if if you

can get access to the other parts of the

press pulse

um

uh strategy

you could you could you can discuss this

with your oncologist if you if you now

that you have this information you can

discuss this

uh and discuss options that may help you

maintain

um

a quality of life and a management of

the tumor so i think these

you you have that you have the what i

gave you and now you can discuss this to

see if you can continue to maintain a

very very slow if maybe a resolution of

your tumor i don't know but

um

at least that's what you can do

thank you thank you very much

all right thanks ann for that and now

next we have tony tony what is your

question

uh yes uh last july i was diagnosed with

uh low-grade b-cell follicular

which progressed to moderate diffuse

large b-cell

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

and i've been on chop r for four cycles

i've got two more to go obviously

prednisone and curious if this metabolic

theory also applies to lymphomas i see

most of the most of the lectures about

solid tumors

yeah lymphomas are the same as the

others um they're bathed in glutamine

because they're in the blood um

and when you look into the scientific

literature you'll see the ma the the

mitochondria and lymphomas

all the different blood cancers have

defective respiratory capacity

therefore they're based on fermentation

just like the solid tumors are

so um yeah i i mean it's remarkable when

i looked into the scientific literature

and looked at the mitochondrion all

these cancers they're all defective

and what that means is they have to use

glucose and glutamine so lymphomas

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

or even hodgkin's lymphoma uh they they

require glucose and glutamine

so again that's the common problem uh

and if you look at your treatment chop i

mean chop will will is a cocktail of

toxic drugs that will break dna you know

stop uh

replication uh yeah you can get

effective treatment for that but also

pulling the plug on the glucose and

glutamine can do it without toxicity i

mean you can manage cancer with toxic

really radical toxicity of course but at

the same time you put normal cells in

your body at risk

for damage from radiation and chemo

which is not healthy

uh on the other hand you can manage the

cancer by

selectively targeting glucose and

glutamine using press pulse metabolic

therapy but as the questions i've said

most oncology bring it up to your

oncologist and say can you can you can i

do press pulse metabolic therapy and see

what they say

um and then you'll you know the answer

to your to your question

thank you

all right thanks tony next we have

cheryl cheryl what is your question

hi dr seifried well um tony just asked

my

main question and

i have a second question but first i

just want to thank you so much for your

work and your commitment to finding the

real truth

so my question is if someone has

a watery cancer like specifically double

hit non-hodgkin's lymphoma and he's been

doing conventional

standard of care treatment for over a

year i think it's mainly

experimental chemo and he survived so

far

can he benefit by switching to the

metabolic therapy or does it ever become

too late

well i don't i don't think anything

for the most part becomes too late

if the patient is still cognitive

and

still functional um you can always uh

integrate metabolic therapy

and i don't want to say that metabolic

therapy alone

uh it should be used i mean there are

many people who do conventional

standards of care

and they combine it with um metabolic

therapy

uh because because in general when

you're into a state of water fasting or

ketosis the normal cells of your body

get healthier so you're always going to

be

helping the normal cells do this and can

reduce

uh some of the toxicities of these

powerful uh toxic chemicals the work of

longo um has shown that people who are

taking

uh who are on water only fasting do have

much less toxic effects from the

standards of care so so i always think

that yeah you know it can be used

together with standards of care

um

you know whether it's better that way or

is it better by itself

um you know we're still working out the

details

but um yeah i think it can be it could

be done with standards of care and you

discuss this with your oncologist and

see what they think

thank you so much

okay thank you michelle for that next we

have kaylee kelly

what's your question

thank you

please have studies been done uh

correlating the advent and increase of

the use of cell phones along with the

rise of the the glioblastomas and is

there also a study being done or has

been done of where the tumors in the

brain occur and correlating that where

the cell phones are held to the head

yeah that's a good question

well i uh went to england a couple years

ago where they were looking at um

the kinds of magnetic uh pulses that

come out of a cell phone um

i think the risk is probably more for

young people uh young kids where their

skull is less thick

um and they really penetrate deep

they are the arguments were that you

know cell phone electromagnetic

waves don't cause mutations

and therefore uh they would say that

they that the cell phones don't have any

impact on brain cancer but the whole

thing mutations are irrelevant anyway

so uh um what's important is how how

would electromagnetic uh pulses

potentially initiate a tumor and what

happens is heat the heat from the cell

phones can actually cause inflammation

in the microenvironment and it's

inflammation in the microenvironment of

the cells that ultimately leads to

mitochondrial damage in the origin of

cancer the mutations are largely

irrelevant

so um the question then should become is

it possible that cell phones could

create an abnormality in the

micro environment of the brain that

could elicit a brain tumor and the

answer is probably more likely in young

people than in older people um only

because of the as i said the skull

thickness so

the it's an important question uh and

considering how widely used the cell

phones are computers and a lot of

different kinds of things they probably

do represent a risk factor it's very

hard to quantify

that risk factor but

obviously uh

knowing you know 5g networks and all

these kinds of things electromagnetic

radiation it's it's it's probably a risk

factor it's been very hard to

specifically say that someone's tumor

was caused by cell phone use usually

it's a combination of a number of

different things that would probably

elicit something like that but we

certainly cannot rule out uh completely

that cell phone use is com is innocuous

and has no relationship to the origin of

cancer so i think there's a possibility

there but i i don't do that kind of

research and i'll let i'll leave that to

others

thank you

okay next we have gretchen gretchen what

is your question

thank you very much for your input um

as you reject the standards of care for

cancer and it would appear that you

respect and have done an extensive

amount of research and publishing have

you respectfully

researched the cancer work of

nishiokushi and macrobiotics part of the

collection of the smithsonian's national

archives

macrobiotics deals a lot with the acid

alkaline balance for one aspect and as

far back as the 60s had far reaching

best in dealing with cancer

and other melanies i've been involved

with the macrobiotic community since

2003

and i have equated macrobiotics to

plant-based eating for mensa level feet

fingers

yeah well i mean certainly um

well we did some research on this

actually i'm right in fact i'm working

on a big paper right now for the

alkalinization

thing the the uh acid the acidity

is caused by the fermentation metabolism

of the tumor cells so that creates local

local inflammation and acidification of

the micro environment from the waste

products of the tumor cells which

facilitates the spread

we try to stop metastatic cancer by

using alkaline

materials

what is it sodium hydroxide one of these

things we couldn't get any therapeutic

benefit from it at all

um

the uh so the best way to stop

acidification is pull the plug on the

fermentation metabolism if you do that

you're going to stop local acidification

as i said

you know it can do a lot of different

kinds of things if you know what's

causing the cancer to grow then just

pull the plug on that and see what

happens if macrobiotics can do that then

do that

you know it's just uh

you know

sodium boro what is it what is that

baking soda we tried that to try to

alkaline it didn't work at all

so um it didn't stop our metastatic

cancer maybe to stop somebody's i don't

know

but uh you know we know what the problem

is and we know how to go after the

problem just people just have to know

that they can do it or not do it you

know it's whatever they want to do

well my my real question was and i i if

you haven't uh researched uh the

workings of nishiokushi on cancer i

respectfully suggest that you might be

fascinated by what you find

okay i'll look into that thank you

thank you um hi i'm filling in for john

we had to step away on to do some

technical stuff so my name's nancy and

the next question is from aaron aaron

i'm going to un unmute you if you could

ask your question

hi so as a follow-up to the answer you

gave steve about what food should we eat

or how they affect

our

our uh sugar intake

and and and ketosis

so you you suggested to use a device and

check

so my question would be how much time

after you eat the food you should test

yourself and see how does the food

affect you

and my second question is

about what are your thoughts about

immunotherapy do you think that this is

also toxic

treatment thank you yeah well that's a

good question

um you can try it which we we we did

these experiments on on ourselves and

students

um

we gave coca-cola right uh and we tested

red wine as well um

so we have uh you you

the the way we did this was we we we had

the the person or the student um not eat

anything for like uh 36 hours

so you kind of burn up your glycogen in

the in the liver you got kind of a nice

uh baseline and then drink a coca-cola

um you know standard high

carbohydrate coke

so uh my associate did this um

and the blood sugar uh we measured the

blood sugar just before they drink the

coca-cola

and it was about uh 89 milligrams per

deca liter okay which is which is good

you know it's with a normal normal in

the normal range and then we she drank

the coca-cola and we waited 15 minutes

and we measured the blood sugar again

and it was 165 milligrams per deca liter

in 15 minutes

now of course insulin surge will will

gradually reduce the sugar

um

but it takes in coca-cola and then one

of my other students uh went on a

three-day water-only fast and then drank

a a a glass of of red wine a cabernet um

um

uh you know low low uh a thick red wine

i guess you could say

and the blood sugar didn't change at all

it was shown that the cabernet did not

raise the blood sugar in striking

comparison to coca-cola so

you know

these kinds of experiments everyone

should or people can do on their on

their own like the answer to your

question you can get the answer to your

question by measuring your gki

uh certain periods of time after you eat

certain things and that's what i said so

eat a banana and see how high it goes uh

versus taking in grapefruit uh all of

these things can be done you have to

measure before

get to get the number and then and then

after uh a certain period of time after

you know you can do it at 15 minutes an

hour and you can see your blood

you see gradually

if greg declines that means your insulin

is working if the blood sugar stays up

and it doesn't go down you've got an

insulin problem so uh insulin

insensitivity this is what underlies

type 2 diabetes and a lot of type 2

diabetics are at high risk for cancer

because they can't clear the glucose out

of the system after they eat this thing

so a lot of these things can be done by

the individual themselves what was the

other part of your question about

immunotherapy oh yeah it's something

that you know been offered lately and

what are your thoughts about this type

of

treatment

yeah well it's very expensive um

it has the probability of giving you

some therapeutic advantage like that

paper i just showed at the beginning of

the lecture on the non-small cell cancer

um but it also can accelerate how fast

you the tumor can grow so it's a mixed

bag it's not really clear some people do

really well in immunotherapy and uh it's

funny an interesting paper came out not

long ago and they call lactic acid um a

checkpoint inhibitor block lactic acid

blocks the they think will block the

effects of immunotherapy well the lactic

acid is coming from the the tumor's use

of glucose dumping out the lactic acid

so again immunotherapies will probably

work a lot better if the patient is in

nutritional ketosis i mean this is it

becomes very very clear as a matter of

fact they think all of these cancer

treatments will work much better if the

patient is in nutritional ketosis before

they take the therapy so um and that's

becoming more this number of papers

coming out saying that immunotherapies

can work better

if the patient is in nutritional ketosis

then the question becomes if you do

nutritional ketosis with pressed pulse

why are you taking immunotherapy in the

first place doesn't make any sense

so and it's also immunotherapies that

based on the somatic mutation theory of

disease

so if cancer is not a genetic disease

why are you using immunotherapies in the

first place but you know they do it

because they they don't understand the

rest of the biology of the disease so um

but you know it's going to be a

transition uh period before the field

comes to realize what how how the best

way to manage this disease is

thank you so much doctor

thank you very much aaron okay so the

next person up is uh

deborah

i'm going to unmute you if you could ask

your question please

hi um thank you for taking me again i

just i have like two things to ask one

was um

we've talked a lot about treating cancer

and these all these kind of programs and

thoughts and ketosis and

different treatments for cancer are

there any things at this point that you

recommend

along these lines where you've studied

that helps those of us without cancer

um

to beat the odds of you know our doctors

who told us you're gonna get it anyhow

just no matter which one because it's

genetic um just how to be more

preventative i know ridiculous and then

another thing i just wanted to ask quick

only because i was exposed to it in um

in south africa was the use of

ozone treatment

um and what your thoughts were about

ozone if it's just hocus pocus or if

it's actually something that's

beneficial in it because it was prevent

it was in a preventative nature you know

at a health spa thing

so those are my questions thank you yeah

um well the ozone

uh

part of this

is we tried that and there are some

examples i think in the literature it's

not like many publications on that

uh it didn't work for us in the in the

pre-clinical

in the pre-clinical system

um

uh but so i i mean to focus i was

thinking more about the the ozone

because we did try that um

we we didn't publish it because

we we had a couple of students that were

doing it

uh you know how

uh

the ozone is nice and we were looking at

this kind of thing i'm not gonna say

that ozone doesn't doesn't uh help um

it's just that it's not as profound

as what we see when we target the

glucose and glutamine and what was the

first part of your question again

i just

as i said i was doing those oh yeah

prevention yes prevention okay

yeah uh prevention okay well that's a

different uh okay so if if here's the

situation

if the origin of cancer is the result of

damage to the oxidative phosphorylation

system in a cell in a particular organ

that's the origin of cancer

so it's hard to get cancer if your

mitochondria remain healthy

okay so as long as you have a diet and

lifestyle

that reduce inflammation and maintain

the health and vitality of your

mitochondria the probability of getting

cancer

is very rare

uh primitive tribe like the great uh

humanitarian physician albert schweitzer

uh which studied primitive peoples in

different continents and cancer was very

very rare in humans that uh were in a

diet lifestyle similar similar to that

that we evolved in

uh eskimos uh inuits of of of the cold

climates uh had no term for cancer um

and they're eating you know blubber and

fat in that in their environment as long

as you have a diet and lifestyle that

does not cause

systemic inflammation

uh the probability of getting cancer is

very rare so why why is our societies

throughout the world where cancer now is

overtaking heart disease

uh

why we have this problem it's

99 of this diet and lifestyle we did not

evolve to eat jelly filled donuts pizza

coke this was not part of our existence

this all started with the neolithic

period once we started using grains

grains that have a lot of energy yes

that helped we got bigger as a people we

got i mean um and but but it also

uh

highly processed carbohydrate foods over

the last

35 or 40 years are putting us at

enormous risk

for cancer um until people come to

understand this

we're not going to be able to prevent

the disease so you know most people

don't care

they don't care about prevention i mean

a lot i can tell you right now

just go you just go down to any you know

food shop you see people they're eating

and eating things you say you worry

about canada i don't care about cancer

then when you get cancer then they're at

oh now what are you going to do i got

cancer now they'll know what are you

going to do so but yeah prevention is if

people want to you know

avoid

toxic foods and high carbohydrate things

that are going to cause systemic

inflammation

then you put yourself at risk for cancer

okay smoking puts you at risk for cancer

obesity puts you at risk for cancer and

where does obesity come from lack of

exercise and eating high carbohydrate

foods puts you at risk for obesity

systemic inflammation cardiovascular

disease cancer dementia they're all

related to the diet and lifestyle very

little on the genetic spot it's mostly

that so you know that you can you know

do things

to prevent

all right thank you dr sacred and thanks

devil for that question um unfortunately

we're out of time for

the uh presentation um also

um i want to thank you dr c for the time

you've given us and for answering

everyone's question um but also

i'm not the only one who wants to thank

you i'm gonna have everyone else in this

room thank you as well so what do you

guys have to say for dr seyfried thank

you

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you