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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,167 --> 00:00:03,870 [upbeat music] 2 00:00:03,870 --> 00:00:10,477 ♪ ♪ 3 00:00:10,477 --> 00:00:14,414 - Is Argentina on your bucket list? 4 00:00:14,414 --> 00:00:17,083 From the continent's tallest mountain 5 00:00:17,083 --> 00:00:21,187 to the oceans' gentle giants, 6 00:00:21,187 --> 00:00:23,890 it's where people play on the wind, 7 00:00:23,890 --> 00:00:26,359 trains chase history, 8 00:00:26,359 --> 00:00:29,129 and kids chase glory. 9 00:00:29,129 --> 00:00:32,599 It can look otherworldly, 10 00:00:32,599 --> 00:00:37,170 but it's one of the most scenic places on the planet. 11 00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:39,305 We're starting in the heartland, 12 00:00:39,305 --> 00:00:43,810 a place Argentina calls the Pampas. 13 00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:47,781 Here, soccer stars are larger than life, 14 00:00:47,781 --> 00:00:50,884 tango dancing pops up everywhere, 15 00:00:50,884 --> 00:00:55,855 and frontier traditions are flat-out fun. 16 00:00:55,855 --> 00:00:57,824 Wait, another mural? 17 00:00:57,824 --> 00:00:59,426 They just love 'em here, 18 00:00:59,426 --> 00:01:03,430 especially in the irresistible city of Buenos Aires. 19 00:01:03,430 --> 00:01:06,399 From up high, we'll give you the down low 20 00:01:06,399 --> 00:01:08,802 on the country, the city, 21 00:01:08,802 --> 00:01:12,839 and the stories that radiate in every direction. 22 00:01:12,839 --> 00:01:15,942 [upbeat music] 23 00:01:15,942 --> 00:01:23,082 ♪ ♪ 24 00:01:24,851 --> 00:01:27,086 [indistinct chanting] 25 00:01:27,086 --> 00:01:31,624 - Buenos Aires, June 10, 2021. 26 00:01:31,624 --> 00:01:35,462 The city erupts in wild celebration. 27 00:01:35,462 --> 00:01:37,464 The Argentine soccer team 28 00:01:37,464 --> 00:01:40,400 has just defeated its archrival, Brazil, 29 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:42,702 to win the Copa America. 30 00:01:44,170 --> 00:01:46,306 This is when you get a true sense 31 00:01:46,306 --> 00:01:49,342 of Argentinian passion and spirit 32 00:01:49,342 --> 00:01:52,045 in the city that's the heart of the nation. 33 00:01:52,912 --> 00:01:56,816 Argentina is on the Atlantic coast of South America. 34 00:01:56,816 --> 00:01:59,819 The heartland region is called the Pampas, 35 00:01:59,819 --> 00:02:03,022 and on the coast is the nation's most famous city, 36 00:02:03,022 --> 00:02:05,625 Buenos Aires. 37 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:10,129 [upbeat music] 38 00:02:10,129 --> 00:02:12,465 ♪ ♪ 39 00:02:12,465 --> 00:02:14,868 Some just call it BA, 40 00:02:14,868 --> 00:02:18,538 and it's packed with people, history, 41 00:02:18,538 --> 00:02:22,408 and plenty of temptations. 42 00:02:22,408 --> 00:02:25,144 The city is double the size of Paris 43 00:02:25,144 --> 00:02:29,983 and Argentines might argue twice as beautiful. 44 00:02:29,983 --> 00:02:33,720 Each neighborhood has its own flavor, 45 00:02:33,720 --> 00:02:37,390 style, and story, which we'll get to. 46 00:02:37,390 --> 00:02:40,894 But we'll start at the center, 47 00:02:40,894 --> 00:02:43,029 the Obelisk. 48 00:02:43,029 --> 00:02:46,099 When it's not hosting a wild soccer celebration, 49 00:02:46,099 --> 00:02:50,036 it's still a central beacon of the city. 50 00:02:50,036 --> 00:02:52,005 Erected in 1936 51 00:02:52,005 --> 00:02:55,241 to commemorate the city's 400th birthday, 52 00:02:55,241 --> 00:02:57,010 it's been a gathering spot 53 00:02:57,010 --> 00:02:59,078 for almost every major demonstration 54 00:02:59,078 --> 00:03:00,780 and celebration since. 55 00:03:00,780 --> 00:03:07,954 ♪ ♪ 56 00:03:08,621 --> 00:03:11,791 Just two miles to the south, a swath of green 57 00:03:11,791 --> 00:03:15,895 marks the city's original birth place. 58 00:03:15,895 --> 00:03:21,434 At what is now Parque Lezama, Conquistador Pedro de Mendoza 59 00:03:21,434 --> 00:03:26,773 attempted to build the first Spanish settlement in 1536. 60 00:03:26,773 --> 00:03:31,277 Today, statues and plaques in the park tell the story, 61 00:03:31,277 --> 00:03:33,646 but it's not simple. 62 00:03:33,646 --> 00:03:36,249 Mendoza and his 1500 men 63 00:03:36,249 --> 00:03:39,285 were not the first people here. 64 00:03:39,285 --> 00:03:42,922 The Indigenous Querandíes called this land home 65 00:03:42,922 --> 00:03:45,525 and put up a fierce fight to keep it. 66 00:03:45,525 --> 00:03:46,993 They forced the Spanish 67 00:03:46,993 --> 00:03:50,496 to abandon their first settlement. 68 00:03:50,496 --> 00:03:53,366 50 years later, the Spanish returned, 69 00:03:53,366 --> 00:03:56,102 and this time for good. 70 00:03:56,102 --> 00:04:00,540 Argentina was a Spanish colony for almost 200 years, 71 00:04:00,540 --> 00:04:03,142 and the city boomed. 72 00:04:03,142 --> 00:04:06,813 [mellow music] 73 00:04:06,813 --> 00:04:09,916 Argentina finally gained independence from Spain 74 00:04:09,916 --> 00:04:11,818 in 1816, 75 00:04:11,818 --> 00:04:14,354 and an influx of other European cultures 76 00:04:14,354 --> 00:04:19,659 began to shape an increasingly cosmopolitan cityscape. 77 00:04:19,659 --> 00:04:21,794 The British built the first railroads, 78 00:04:21,794 --> 00:04:26,532 changing the city and country forever. 79 00:04:26,532 --> 00:04:30,003 Opened in 1864, Constitución Station 80 00:04:30,003 --> 00:04:33,172 reflects the growing and changing nation it served. 81 00:04:33,172 --> 00:04:35,375 [train horns blasting] 82 00:04:35,375 --> 00:04:37,910 Along its rail lines, beef, grain, 83 00:04:37,910 --> 00:04:40,313 and produce flowed from the vast farmlands 84 00:04:40,313 --> 00:04:44,651 to the port and on to Europe. 85 00:04:44,651 --> 00:04:46,986 Starting with the railroad, 86 00:04:46,986 --> 00:04:50,423 strong commercial ties between Argentina and England 87 00:04:50,423 --> 00:04:54,460 bound the two countries together. 88 00:04:54,460 --> 00:04:57,664 Three miles north, British immigrants 89 00:04:57,664 --> 00:05:01,734 commissioned the English Tower. 90 00:05:01,734 --> 00:05:05,104 All the materials except sand and water 91 00:05:05,104 --> 00:05:06,372 were imported from England 92 00:05:06,372 --> 00:05:11,044 when construction started in 1916. 93 00:05:11,044 --> 00:05:15,915 The clock itself is a smaller version of the famous Big Ben. 94 00:05:15,915 --> 00:05:18,317 [bell tolling] 95 00:05:22,455 --> 00:05:26,159 While English immigrants helped build a robust economy, 96 00:05:26,159 --> 00:05:31,064 the French changed the layout of the city itself. 97 00:05:31,064 --> 00:05:32,799 Influenced by the French styles, 98 00:05:32,799 --> 00:05:35,168 urban planners and architects 99 00:05:35,168 --> 00:05:38,137 applied a Gallic sense of flair and elegance 100 00:05:38,137 --> 00:05:39,939 to almost every corner 101 00:05:39,939 --> 00:05:43,509 and the city became known as the Paris of the South. 102 00:05:43,509 --> 00:05:49,315 ♪ ♪ 103 00:05:49,315 --> 00:05:51,651 At one end of Avenida de Mayo, 104 00:05:51,651 --> 00:05:53,252 the congressional palace 105 00:05:53,252 --> 00:05:55,655 is the home of the nation's legislature 106 00:05:55,655 --> 00:05:59,659 and hearkens back to ancient Greece and Rome, 107 00:05:59,659 --> 00:06:04,130 reflecting the very roots of European culture. 108 00:06:04,130 --> 00:06:09,001 Its copper dome rises 262 feet into the air, 109 00:06:09,001 --> 00:06:12,839 built with the help of European immigrants. 110 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:15,108 Coming in search of opportunity 111 00:06:15,108 --> 00:06:16,442 and a better life, 112 00:06:16,442 --> 00:06:19,212 immigrants from all over the world 113 00:06:19,212 --> 00:06:24,350 made this emerging global city their own. 114 00:06:24,350 --> 00:06:30,189 They shaped Buenos Aires neighborhood by neighborhood. 115 00:06:30,189 --> 00:06:31,657 [upbeat accordion music] 116 00:06:31,657 --> 00:06:35,061 And together, they forged a singular culture 117 00:06:35,061 --> 00:06:37,964 now symbolized by a sultry dance: 118 00:06:37,964 --> 00:06:41,367 the tango. 119 00:06:41,367 --> 00:06:44,337 Born in the brothels of the city's rougher neighborhoods, 120 00:06:44,337 --> 00:06:48,374 the tango swept the world off its feet. 121 00:06:48,374 --> 00:06:53,045 Today, dancers Pablo Ugolini and Casandra Quinteros 122 00:06:53,045 --> 00:06:56,449 transform the pedestrian street of Caminito 123 00:06:56,449 --> 00:06:58,317 into a stage. 124 00:06:58,317 --> 00:07:00,987 They are in La Boca, 125 00:07:00,987 --> 00:07:03,356 a neighborhood rich in immigrant heritage 126 00:07:03,356 --> 00:07:06,092 and now a prime tourist draw. 127 00:07:06,092 --> 00:07:09,829 The classic beat, melancholy lyrics, 128 00:07:09,829 --> 00:07:12,999 and the graceful tension between accomplished dancers 129 00:07:12,999 --> 00:07:17,036 have made the tango a worldwide sensation. 130 00:07:17,036 --> 00:07:21,774 The dance even inspires architects. 131 00:07:21,774 --> 00:07:24,076 Spaniard Santiago Calatrava 132 00:07:24,076 --> 00:07:26,312 designed this pedestrian bridge, 133 00:07:26,312 --> 00:07:28,147 El Puente de la Mujer, 134 00:07:28,147 --> 00:07:32,985 to mimic the fluidity and sensuality of the tango. 135 00:07:32,985 --> 00:07:36,989 No cars are allowed, but dancing is. 136 00:07:36,989 --> 00:07:39,659 Argentines still tango every day 137 00:07:39,659 --> 00:07:41,327 in the social gatherings and clubs 138 00:07:41,327 --> 00:07:44,697 that thrive in neighborhoods throughout the city. 139 00:07:44,697 --> 00:07:51,971 ♪ ♪ 140 00:07:52,205 --> 00:07:56,242 [country rock music] 141 00:07:56,242 --> 00:07:57,710 One of these neighborhoods 142 00:07:57,710 --> 00:08:00,012 is the old port, Puerto Madero, 143 00:08:00,012 --> 00:08:02,982 that straddles the pedestrian bridge. 144 00:08:02,982 --> 00:08:05,918 This was once the thriving center of trade, 145 00:08:05,918 --> 00:08:09,121 a bustling port that defined its people so much, 146 00:08:09,121 --> 00:08:12,658 natives of Buenos Aires are still called Porteños, 147 00:08:12,658 --> 00:08:16,362 or "the people of the port." 148 00:08:16,362 --> 00:08:21,767 But BA is also known as a city that can reinvent itself. 149 00:08:21,767 --> 00:08:25,204 The cranes of the old port now sit idle, 150 00:08:25,204 --> 00:08:29,809 but all around them, the land has been transformed. 151 00:08:29,809 --> 00:08:32,945 Puerto Madero is still an economic center, 152 00:08:32,945 --> 00:08:36,649 but now a 21st-century hustle plays out 153 00:08:36,649 --> 00:08:39,185 behind walls of glass and steel. 154 00:08:40,887 --> 00:08:44,757 Buenos Aires is connected to the world by fiber optic cable 155 00:08:44,757 --> 00:08:47,393 as much as through shipping lanes. 156 00:08:47,393 --> 00:08:49,428 And where cargo once docked, 157 00:08:49,428 --> 00:08:53,299 there's an exclusive marina filled with luxury sailboats. 158 00:08:55,134 --> 00:08:56,969 The cranes are now overshadowed 159 00:08:56,969 --> 00:08:58,971 by more modern giants, 160 00:08:58,971 --> 00:09:02,308 a string of skyscrapers that house luxury apartments, 161 00:09:02,308 --> 00:09:05,745 corporate offices, and world-class hotels. 162 00:09:05,745 --> 00:09:08,281 All this, past, present, and future, 163 00:09:08,281 --> 00:09:11,951 is packed into BA block by block. 164 00:09:15,688 --> 00:09:17,323 [sparse dramatic music] 165 00:09:17,323 --> 00:09:21,127 And so are some of the world's great religions. 166 00:09:21,127 --> 00:09:24,163 The King Fahd Islamic Cultural Center 167 00:09:24,163 --> 00:09:28,100 stands on land donated by the Argentine government 168 00:09:28,100 --> 00:09:31,203 and includes the largest mosque in South America. 169 00:09:31,203 --> 00:09:34,106 ♪ ♪ 170 00:09:34,106 --> 00:09:39,011 The Libertad Temple was the first synagogue built here, 171 00:09:39,011 --> 00:09:41,447 and now it serves the largest Jewish population 172 00:09:41,447 --> 00:09:43,849 in Latin America. 173 00:09:47,119 --> 00:09:50,890 And while all religions worship freely, 174 00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:52,725 the wealth of churches and cathedrals 175 00:09:52,725 --> 00:09:58,597 reveal Argentina's predominant faith, Catholicism. 176 00:09:58,597 --> 00:10:03,035 More than 3/4 of the population is Catholic. 177 00:10:03,035 --> 00:10:06,639 The mother church, consecrated in 1791, 178 00:10:06,639 --> 00:10:10,009 faces the Central Plaza de Mayo. 179 00:10:10,009 --> 00:10:13,579 This is the cathedral of Buenos Aires. 180 00:10:13,579 --> 00:10:16,015 It looks like a Greek temple, 181 00:10:16,015 --> 00:10:17,416 but the bas relief on the facade 182 00:10:17,416 --> 00:10:20,186 shows a classic Christian scene: 183 00:10:20,186 --> 00:10:24,924 the meeting between Jacob and his son Joseph in Egypt. 184 00:10:24,924 --> 00:10:28,928 For 15 years, Archbishop Jorge Bergoglio 185 00:10:28,928 --> 00:10:30,997 led his flock from this cathedral 186 00:10:30,997 --> 00:10:34,667 until he accepted a higher calling 187 00:10:34,667 --> 00:10:37,169 and became Pope Francis. 188 00:10:37,169 --> 00:10:40,272 [organ music, choir vocalizing] 189 00:10:40,272 --> 00:10:44,176 ♪ ♪ 190 00:10:44,176 --> 00:10:47,146 [energetic percussive music] 191 00:10:47,146 --> 00:10:49,715 In Argentina, there's religion 192 00:10:49,715 --> 00:10:52,618 and there's soccer. 193 00:10:52,618 --> 00:10:57,923 And for some hardcore fans, soccer is the religion. 194 00:10:57,923 --> 00:11:01,927 These are its temples. 195 00:11:01,927 --> 00:11:03,796 And there are many to choose from 196 00:11:03,796 --> 00:11:07,800 because Buenos Aires has 36 professional soccer stadiums, 197 00:11:07,800 --> 00:11:11,637 the most of any city in the world. 198 00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:15,975 So many stadiums in town that two fierce rivals 199 00:11:15,975 --> 00:11:18,677 literally play next door to each other. 200 00:11:21,313 --> 00:11:23,949 [bright music] 201 00:11:23,949 --> 00:11:25,317 ♪ ♪ 202 00:11:25,317 --> 00:11:28,487 If soccer is a religion in Argentina, 203 00:11:28,487 --> 00:11:33,426 it has a patron saint: Diego Maradona. 204 00:11:33,426 --> 00:11:37,096 The cult of Maradona took root at the Argentinos Juniors, 205 00:11:37,096 --> 00:11:40,633 where he began his professional career. 206 00:11:40,633 --> 00:11:43,669 Long before he died in 2020, 207 00:11:43,669 --> 00:11:47,506 Maradona was worshiped across Argentina. 208 00:11:47,506 --> 00:11:50,543 To commemorate their hero, the Argentinos Juniors 209 00:11:50,543 --> 00:11:53,012 commissioned artist Victor Marley 210 00:11:53,012 --> 00:11:56,715 to paint ten murals on the stadium walls. 211 00:11:56,715 --> 00:11:58,451 A huge fan himself, 212 00:11:58,451 --> 00:12:01,520 Victor has spray-painted Maradona murals 213 00:12:01,520 --> 00:12:03,389 all over Buenos Aires. 214 00:12:05,357 --> 00:12:08,260 [funky music] 215 00:12:08,260 --> 00:12:12,098 But Argentine's true passion is for the game itself, 216 00:12:12,098 --> 00:12:16,168 not for the fancy stadiums or flashy stars. 217 00:12:16,168 --> 00:12:19,538 They play it in just about any open space, 218 00:12:19,538 --> 00:12:24,210 turning hardscrabble lots into their own soccer palaces. 219 00:12:26,045 --> 00:12:29,915 Given the chance, they'd play it dawn to dusk. 220 00:12:29,915 --> 00:12:31,817 Any of these kids could become 221 00:12:31,817 --> 00:12:34,820 the next Argentinian soccer hero. 222 00:12:35,588 --> 00:12:38,157 [upbeat music] 223 00:12:38,157 --> 00:12:40,593 But beyond Buenos Aires, 224 00:12:40,593 --> 00:12:44,296 soccer fields give way to pasture and cropland. 225 00:12:44,296 --> 00:12:47,900 These are Argentina's endless prairies 226 00:12:47,900 --> 00:12:50,769 where people still ride the range, 227 00:12:50,769 --> 00:12:53,672 cattle is king, 228 00:12:53,672 --> 00:12:56,308 and stories take shape 229 00:12:56,308 --> 00:12:59,478 far from the city's bright lights. 230 00:13:03,946 --> 00:13:07,950 - In its wide-open spaces, Argentina unfurls 231 00:13:07,950 --> 00:13:12,288 with a stunning variety of landscapes and cultures. 232 00:13:12,288 --> 00:13:16,192 The Indigenous Quechua called this region the Pampas, 233 00:13:16,192 --> 00:13:18,094 which means flatland, 234 00:13:18,094 --> 00:13:22,798 and the Spanish didn't argue with that label. 235 00:13:22,798 --> 00:13:25,801 True to its name, it's really flat 236 00:13:25,801 --> 00:13:28,104 for hundreds of miles in every direction. 237 00:13:28,104 --> 00:13:31,006 [soft upbeat music] 238 00:13:31,006 --> 00:13:34,076 The Pampas extend from the Atlantic coast 239 00:13:34,076 --> 00:13:37,246 all the way to the Sierras Pampeanas. 240 00:13:37,246 --> 00:13:41,750 Covering more than 200,000 square miles, 241 00:13:41,750 --> 00:13:44,720 it's larger than California. 242 00:13:45,654 --> 00:13:49,592 And much of it is so flat, you can travel for miles here 243 00:13:49,592 --> 00:13:53,496 and never see so much as a hill. 244 00:13:53,496 --> 00:13:55,998 ♪ ♪ 245 00:13:55,998 --> 00:13:58,968 This was once an unbounded space 246 00:13:58,968 --> 00:14:02,505 where the Querandí and other Indigenous groups roamed. 247 00:14:02,505 --> 00:14:04,540 But in the late 1800s, 248 00:14:04,540 --> 00:14:09,545 the Argentine government drove them from the land. 249 00:14:09,545 --> 00:14:13,983 The Pampas was parceled into farm fields and pastures 250 00:14:13,983 --> 00:14:17,486 and became Argentina's economic engine. 251 00:14:17,486 --> 00:14:19,455 Fertile and productive, 252 00:14:19,455 --> 00:14:22,825 it's known as the breadbasket of the world. 253 00:14:26,662 --> 00:14:28,531 [bright music] 254 00:14:28,531 --> 00:14:31,200 Rich grasslands became pasture 255 00:14:31,200 --> 00:14:35,204 to feed four-legged newcomers: cattle. 256 00:14:35,204 --> 00:14:39,408 A wide variety of breeds have adapted to the Pampas, 257 00:14:39,408 --> 00:14:41,043 but the iconic cow 258 00:14:41,043 --> 00:14:44,213 is the black and white Holando-Argentino. 259 00:14:44,213 --> 00:14:47,183 Its image is used to sell milk, butter, 260 00:14:47,183 --> 00:14:52,021 and the Argentine dessert dulce de leche. 261 00:14:52,021 --> 00:14:54,290 In the early years of cattle ranching, 262 00:14:54,290 --> 00:14:55,925 wealthy Argentines 263 00:14:55,925 --> 00:14:58,294 loved the Holando's milk and butter so much, 264 00:14:58,294 --> 00:14:59,828 they brought the cows with them 265 00:14:59,828 --> 00:15:03,465 when they traveled to France. 266 00:15:03,465 --> 00:15:05,367 But when it comes to beef, 267 00:15:05,367 --> 00:15:10,105 the sizzle belongs to the Angus and the Hereford. 268 00:15:10,105 --> 00:15:13,142 Argentine beef is considered the highest quality 269 00:15:13,142 --> 00:15:17,146 and is exported around the world. 270 00:15:17,146 --> 00:15:20,249 There are more than 50 million head of cattle in Argentina, 271 00:15:20,249 --> 00:15:23,519 outnumbering the human population. 272 00:15:23,519 --> 00:15:27,223 [cattle lowing] 273 00:15:28,657 --> 00:15:30,492 And for every cow in a field, 274 00:15:30,492 --> 00:15:33,829 there seems to be a grill in a backyard. 275 00:15:33,829 --> 00:15:37,032 Argentines love their beef. 276 00:15:37,032 --> 00:15:40,803 They eat around 110 pounds of beef per person each year, 277 00:15:40,803 --> 00:15:42,271 making Argentines 278 00:15:42,271 --> 00:15:46,408 the biggest consumers of beef in the world. 279 00:15:46,408 --> 00:15:49,311 The Argentine traditional dish is asado, 280 00:15:49,311 --> 00:15:51,580 or grilled meat. 281 00:15:53,315 --> 00:15:55,851 [mellow guitar] 282 00:15:55,851 --> 00:15:59,355 Another icon once wrangled all these cattle: 283 00:15:59,355 --> 00:16:03,425 the Argentine cowboy known as the gaucho. 284 00:16:03,425 --> 00:16:05,261 Rough and unruly, 285 00:16:05,261 --> 00:16:09,832 they embody the untamed frontier nature of the Pampas. 286 00:16:09,832 --> 00:16:11,267 Stories and songs 287 00:16:11,267 --> 00:16:14,003 romanticizing the gaucho lifestyle 288 00:16:14,003 --> 00:16:17,873 have become central to Argentine identity. 289 00:16:17,873 --> 00:16:21,744 But their way of life is long gone. 290 00:16:21,744 --> 00:16:26,315 Instead, reenactors put on displays of riding prowess 291 00:16:26,315 --> 00:16:30,119 in competitions known as corridas de sortija. 292 00:16:30,119 --> 00:16:32,054 These were medieval games 293 00:16:32,054 --> 00:16:35,190 adapted to the gaucho way of life. 294 00:16:35,190 --> 00:16:38,627 Like jousting knights, riders gallop at full speed 295 00:16:38,627 --> 00:16:43,299 and try to spear a small ring dangling from a string. 296 00:16:44,166 --> 00:16:47,636 Another tradition is the boleadoras, 297 00:16:47,636 --> 00:16:49,405 a slingshot. 298 00:16:49,405 --> 00:16:52,508 Gauchos adopted it from Indigenous cultures. 299 00:16:52,508 --> 00:16:57,346 Used as a weapon of war and for wrangling cattle, 300 00:16:57,346 --> 00:17:00,749 today, it survives as a cultural touchstone 301 00:17:00,749 --> 00:17:03,352 to celebrate a historic way of life. 302 00:17:05,521 --> 00:17:07,923 ♪ ♪ 303 00:17:07,923 --> 00:17:09,825 The gaucho may be gone, 304 00:17:09,825 --> 00:17:11,860 but the fortunes made from ranching 305 00:17:11,860 --> 00:17:14,496 still define the landscape. 306 00:17:14,496 --> 00:17:17,833 This mansion was built in 1919 307 00:17:17,833 --> 00:17:20,703 by one of Argentina's cattle barons. 308 00:17:20,703 --> 00:17:22,504 Called the Villa María 309 00:17:22,504 --> 00:17:25,441 and inspired by Tudor-style architecture, 310 00:17:25,441 --> 00:17:29,978 it's surrounded by almost 4,000 acres of land. 311 00:17:29,978 --> 00:17:32,481 And this was just the family's summer home. 312 00:17:32,481 --> 00:17:35,951 Today, it's been converted into a hotel, 313 00:17:35,951 --> 00:17:39,154 but the clay cats on its roof remain. 314 00:17:39,154 --> 00:17:42,091 They are a holdover from the French superstition 315 00:17:42,091 --> 00:17:45,961 that such figurines will bring good luck and fortune. 316 00:17:45,961 --> 00:17:48,197 Clearly, it worked. 317 00:17:50,299 --> 00:17:53,102 ♪ ♪ 318 00:17:53,102 --> 00:17:55,504 Today, grand entrances to these estates 319 00:17:55,504 --> 00:17:57,973 lead to a pastime of the wealthy 320 00:17:57,973 --> 00:18:00,809 that has become a national passion: 321 00:18:00,809 --> 00:18:03,379 the game of polo. 322 00:18:03,379 --> 00:18:07,249 This is the estate of Adolfo Combiaso, 323 00:18:07,249 --> 00:18:11,553 considered the best polo player of all time. 324 00:18:11,553 --> 00:18:15,124 English immigrants brought polo to Argentina, 325 00:18:15,124 --> 00:18:17,159 but the locals got really good at it. 326 00:18:17,159 --> 00:18:21,263 Like, championship good. 327 00:18:21,263 --> 00:18:23,832 Argentine breeders combine the hardiness 328 00:18:23,832 --> 00:18:27,169 and stamina of a local horse known as the Criollo 329 00:18:27,169 --> 00:18:30,439 with the speed of English thoroughbreds. 330 00:18:32,274 --> 00:18:35,077 The result is the ultimate polo pony: 331 00:18:35,077 --> 00:18:40,048 fast, smart, agile, and tough. 332 00:18:40,048 --> 00:18:43,352 Top mounts can cost more than $100,000, 333 00:18:43,352 --> 00:18:46,455 but that's a waste of money without a top rider. 334 00:18:47,656 --> 00:18:52,060 Argentinian polo players are consistently the world's best. 335 00:18:52,060 --> 00:18:55,531 Nine of the top ten ranked players were born here. 336 00:18:55,531 --> 00:18:58,634 They simply own polo. 337 00:18:58,634 --> 00:19:01,870 ♪ ♪ 338 00:19:01,870 --> 00:19:04,072 [upbeat music] 339 00:19:04,072 --> 00:19:07,643 But the Pampas is more than just open space. 340 00:19:07,643 --> 00:19:11,280 Cities and towns define the Argentinian heartland 341 00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:14,183 from stunning architecture 342 00:19:14,183 --> 00:19:18,086 to the humble origins of a soccer hero. 343 00:19:22,683 --> 00:19:25,786 [upbeat music] 344 00:19:25,786 --> 00:19:30,224 - The Pampas region of Argentina feeds the world. 345 00:19:30,224 --> 00:19:34,161 It produces wheat, corn, and sunflower, 346 00:19:34,161 --> 00:19:37,531 but the reigning king is the soybean. 347 00:19:37,531 --> 00:19:41,235 The genetically-modified seeds and more pest-resistant crops 348 00:19:41,235 --> 00:19:43,670 transform these lands. 349 00:19:43,670 --> 00:19:47,674 Argentina exports more soybean meal and oil 350 00:19:47,674 --> 00:19:49,376 than any other country. 351 00:19:49,376 --> 00:19:52,780 And this export chain begins with trucks. 352 00:19:52,780 --> 00:19:57,351 ♪ ♪ 353 00:19:57,351 --> 00:20:02,322 Thousands of trucks of all sizes ride the roads daily. 354 00:20:02,322 --> 00:20:05,225 Argentine truckers live by their own code, 355 00:20:05,225 --> 00:20:08,228 like modern-day gauchos, 356 00:20:08,228 --> 00:20:13,200 and even have their own patron saint: Gauchito Gil. 357 00:20:13,200 --> 00:20:16,203 Based on a folk hero similar to Robin Hood, 358 00:20:16,203 --> 00:20:19,206 Gauchito Gil looks out for the truckers 359 00:20:19,206 --> 00:20:20,641 and they, in turn, 360 00:20:20,641 --> 00:20:24,578 build him red roadside shrines in thanks. 361 00:20:25,546 --> 00:20:27,548 Most of these truckers shuttle back and forth 362 00:20:27,548 --> 00:20:30,717 almost nonstop to one destination: 363 00:20:30,717 --> 00:20:33,554 the city of Rosario. 364 00:20:35,222 --> 00:20:37,825 The largest grain transit center in the world, 365 00:20:37,825 --> 00:20:42,262 Rosario is an inland port on the Paraná River. 366 00:20:43,764 --> 00:20:46,333 Trucks make nearly 2 million round trips 367 00:20:46,333 --> 00:20:49,770 in and out of Rosario each year. 368 00:20:49,770 --> 00:20:52,406 From here, goods are loaded onto freighters 369 00:20:52,406 --> 00:20:55,142 and shipped all over the world. 370 00:20:58,011 --> 00:21:00,447 When the port boomed in the 1900s, 371 00:21:00,447 --> 00:21:03,283 immigrants rushed in for the steady work, 372 00:21:03,283 --> 00:21:06,753 and Rosario earned the nickname of Pampa Gringa, 373 00:21:06,753 --> 00:21:09,923 or the European Pampas. 374 00:21:09,923 --> 00:21:14,428 Now the city is a melting pot of many different cultures. 375 00:21:16,296 --> 00:21:18,532 People have come from more than 35 countries 376 00:21:18,532 --> 00:21:22,502 to put down roots and grow with Rosario. 377 00:21:25,172 --> 00:21:29,576 [peaceful music] 378 00:21:29,576 --> 00:21:34,047 Rosario is also famous for its deep patriotism. 379 00:21:34,047 --> 00:21:38,185 This memorial embodies the Argentine love of country 380 00:21:38,185 --> 00:21:40,888 and commemorates the Argentine flag. 381 00:21:40,888 --> 00:21:42,990 Its blue and white colors 382 00:21:42,990 --> 00:21:46,159 waved for the first time here in 1812 383 00:21:46,159 --> 00:21:49,463 on the shores of the Paraná River. 384 00:21:49,463 --> 00:21:51,999 Since then, the country has changed, 385 00:21:51,999 --> 00:21:53,634 but the flag has not. 386 00:21:53,634 --> 00:21:57,371 The eternal flame burns at its base, 387 00:21:57,371 --> 00:21:59,606 marking the grave of the Unknown Soldier, 388 00:21:59,606 --> 00:22:04,745 a tribute to all who fought for Argentina. 389 00:22:04,745 --> 00:22:06,213 Words of the National Anthem 390 00:22:06,213 --> 00:22:09,816 stand out in relief from the walls, 391 00:22:09,816 --> 00:22:12,185 and the 230-foot tower 392 00:22:12,185 --> 00:22:16,089 memorializes the nation's flag. 393 00:22:23,463 --> 00:22:27,134 ♪ ♪ 394 00:22:27,134 --> 00:22:30,170 But if the flag unites Rosario, 395 00:22:30,170 --> 00:22:32,406 soccer divides it. 396 00:22:34,141 --> 00:22:38,378 On the north side of town, Rosario Central. 397 00:22:38,378 --> 00:22:43,917 Just three miles south, Newell's Old Boys. 398 00:22:43,917 --> 00:22:46,920 This team is one of the founding members 399 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:49,189 of the Argentine professional soccer leagues. 400 00:22:49,189 --> 00:22:54,962 It's also where superstar Lionel Messi got his start. 401 00:22:54,962 --> 00:23:00,167 As a boy, Messi scored an astounding 234 goals 402 00:23:00,167 --> 00:23:02,536 for the Newell's Old Boys youth teams. 403 00:23:02,536 --> 00:23:05,639 But in need of growth hormone treatment, 404 00:23:05,639 --> 00:23:09,076 Messi moved to Europe and there, 405 00:23:09,076 --> 00:23:13,013 he became a giant of the sport. 406 00:23:13,013 --> 00:23:14,481 First with Barcelona 407 00:23:14,481 --> 00:23:16,550 and then with Paris Saint-Germain, 408 00:23:16,550 --> 00:23:19,219 Messi has grown into what many consider 409 00:23:19,219 --> 00:23:22,189 the greatest living player, 410 00:23:22,189 --> 00:23:24,658 a belief backed up by his contract-- 411 00:23:24,658 --> 00:23:28,862 the richest in the history of sports. 412 00:23:28,862 --> 00:23:33,300 Muralists Marlene Zuriaga and Lisandro Urteaga 413 00:23:33,300 --> 00:23:37,738 painted this 230-foot-high portrait 414 00:23:37,738 --> 00:23:42,409 showing Messi in the Argentine national team's jersey. 415 00:23:42,409 --> 00:23:45,145 Lisandro is Messi's childhood friend. 416 00:23:45,145 --> 00:23:48,915 He and Marlene took 18 days to paint this tribute. 417 00:23:48,915 --> 00:23:52,519 It portrays Messi with his hand over his heart 418 00:23:52,519 --> 00:23:54,421 and his eyes gazing over the city 419 00:23:54,421 --> 00:23:57,924 he still considers his hometown. 420 00:23:57,924 --> 00:24:00,894 [mellow rock chords] 421 00:24:00,894 --> 00:24:05,098 ♪ ♪ 422 00:24:07,467 --> 00:24:10,837 The heart, soul, and lifeblood of Rosario 423 00:24:10,837 --> 00:24:12,939 is the Paraná River. 424 00:24:12,939 --> 00:24:16,176 Sailing clubs compete here almost every day. 425 00:24:16,176 --> 00:24:18,145 Its shores are lined with beaches, 426 00:24:18,145 --> 00:24:20,447 and old industrial buildings 427 00:24:20,447 --> 00:24:24,584 have been converted to museums and open spaces. 428 00:24:24,584 --> 00:24:30,524 One is the renowned MACBA, or Museum of Contemporary Art. 429 00:24:30,524 --> 00:24:33,093 Reflecting the importance of agriculture, 430 00:24:33,093 --> 00:24:37,531 the museum is housed in abandoned grain silos. 431 00:24:37,531 --> 00:24:42,069 But Rosario, above all, is a transportation hub. 432 00:24:42,069 --> 00:24:43,904 The Rosario-Victoria Bridge 433 00:24:43,904 --> 00:24:47,174 links the city to an international highway system 434 00:24:47,174 --> 00:24:52,379 that runs from Brazil all the way down to Chile. 435 00:24:52,379 --> 00:24:54,915 The main bridge across the Paraná 436 00:24:54,915 --> 00:24:56,850 is an engineering wonder. 437 00:24:56,850 --> 00:25:02,255 Built on 650 pilings and spanning 2 and 1/2 miles, 438 00:25:02,255 --> 00:25:04,524 the bridge has to be tall enough 439 00:25:04,524 --> 00:25:06,860 to allow freighters to pass beneath 440 00:25:06,860 --> 00:25:11,431 because the river is still a major economic thoroughfare. 441 00:25:12,999 --> 00:25:14,901 ♪ ♪ 442 00:25:14,901 --> 00:25:19,773 Leaving Rosario on the Paraná River is the next journey, 443 00:25:19,773 --> 00:25:24,644 and it connects Argentina's past and future. 444 00:25:27,789 --> 00:25:31,259 [upbeat music] 445 00:25:31,259 --> 00:25:34,062 - The Paraná River is the central shipping channel 446 00:25:34,062 --> 00:25:38,300 in a vast interconnected series of waterways. 447 00:25:40,369 --> 00:25:43,205 The Paraná runs for 2,000 miles 448 00:25:43,205 --> 00:25:44,806 from Southern Brazil, 449 00:25:44,806 --> 00:25:47,609 divides Paraguay and Argentina, 450 00:25:47,609 --> 00:25:51,480 then flows through the Pampas to the Río de la Plata, 451 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,616 just north of Buenos Aires. 452 00:25:56,618 --> 00:25:59,287 The Paraná is the longest river in Argentina 453 00:25:59,287 --> 00:26:01,456 and the second-longest in South America 454 00:26:01,456 --> 00:26:04,459 behind only the Amazon. 455 00:26:04,459 --> 00:26:06,862 In the Indigenous Tupi language, 456 00:26:06,862 --> 00:26:11,266 Paraná means as big as the sea, 457 00:26:11,266 --> 00:26:12,667 and its muddy brown waters 458 00:26:12,667 --> 00:26:14,703 have always been a money magnet. 459 00:26:17,406 --> 00:26:19,174 [soft dramatic music] 460 00:26:19,174 --> 00:26:20,776 400 years ago, 461 00:26:20,776 --> 00:26:23,779 countless conquistadores searched along these banks 462 00:26:23,779 --> 00:26:26,648 for a mythical city of gold. 463 00:26:26,648 --> 00:26:28,183 They never found it. 464 00:26:28,183 --> 00:26:29,684 But today, 465 00:26:29,684 --> 00:26:33,255 the treasure is in the transportation business. 466 00:26:33,255 --> 00:26:37,859 Roughly 4,000 barges and ships travel the river each year, 467 00:26:37,859 --> 00:26:41,797 carrying billions of dollars in goods, 468 00:26:41,797 --> 00:26:46,234 but the river that gives can also take away. 469 00:26:46,234 --> 00:26:51,807 You should think twice before swimming in the Paraná. 470 00:26:51,807 --> 00:26:55,777 Palometas, a small type of piranha fish, 471 00:26:55,777 --> 00:26:59,247 has been known to take off swimmer's fingers and toes, 472 00:26:59,247 --> 00:27:03,251 so maybe not the best place to go skinny dipping. 473 00:27:05,120 --> 00:27:08,090 [bluesy guitar] 474 00:27:08,090 --> 00:27:10,459 ♪ ♪ 475 00:27:10,459 --> 00:27:12,394 At the end of the Paraná River 476 00:27:12,394 --> 00:27:14,663 where it reaches the Río de la Plata, 477 00:27:14,663 --> 00:27:19,334 its waters divide and spread into the Tigre Delta, 478 00:27:19,334 --> 00:27:22,771 splitting again and again. 479 00:27:22,771 --> 00:27:27,442 The channels carve and form fantastic shapes. 480 00:27:27,442 --> 00:27:30,212 More than 350 waterways 481 00:27:30,212 --> 00:27:34,116 make up this delta of 5,000 square miles. 482 00:27:34,116 --> 00:27:38,687 As the water slows, sediment drops to the bottom, 483 00:27:38,687 --> 00:27:42,390 gradually building up and creating new islands. 484 00:27:44,860 --> 00:27:48,597 High humidity and rain produce thick vegetation 485 00:27:48,597 --> 00:27:52,267 and an intense green hue. 486 00:27:52,267 --> 00:27:56,538 The delta is named Tigre, Spanish for tiger. 487 00:27:56,538 --> 00:27:58,840 But unless these feared predators 488 00:27:58,840 --> 00:28:00,876 have changed their stripes, 489 00:28:00,876 --> 00:28:06,181 what actually prowled these islands were jaguars. 490 00:28:06,181 --> 00:28:10,886 ♪ ♪ 491 00:28:10,886 --> 00:28:13,622 Now, this land has been tamed. 492 00:28:13,622 --> 00:28:15,824 The Tigre Delta 493 00:28:15,824 --> 00:28:18,593 borders the northern fringes of Buenos Aires 494 00:28:18,593 --> 00:28:22,631 and Porteños flock here on weekends. 495 00:28:22,631 --> 00:28:24,733 And the closer you get to the city, 496 00:28:24,733 --> 00:28:28,270 the more crowded it becomes. 497 00:28:28,270 --> 00:28:31,773 Water taxis jockey with leisure craft 498 00:28:31,773 --> 00:28:35,610 out for the maritime equivalent of a Sunday drive. 499 00:28:35,610 --> 00:28:39,781 There are even mini-mansions and art museums. 500 00:28:39,781 --> 00:28:44,786 But others flock to the water for a good workout. 501 00:28:44,786 --> 00:28:47,889 Rowing is a passion for many Porteños. 502 00:28:47,889 --> 00:28:50,458 These waters have funneled a long line 503 00:28:50,458 --> 00:28:54,763 of successful rowers and sailors onto the world stage. 504 00:28:54,763 --> 00:28:57,899 Argentina has won a medal in water sports 505 00:28:57,899 --> 00:29:02,137 at six consecutive games since the 1996 Olympics. 506 00:29:04,539 --> 00:29:07,876 [soft dramatic music] 507 00:29:07,876 --> 00:29:11,346 ♪ ♪ 508 00:29:11,346 --> 00:29:14,950 As the Tigre Delta gives way to the Río de la Plata, 509 00:29:14,950 --> 00:29:18,954 the scene broadens, and the water appears to glow. 510 00:29:18,954 --> 00:29:21,690 ♪ ♪ 511 00:29:21,690 --> 00:29:25,527 The river's name translates to River of Silver. 512 00:29:25,527 --> 00:29:30,131 Maybe they should have called it River of the Wind. 513 00:29:30,131 --> 00:29:32,500 ♪ ♪ 514 00:29:32,500 --> 00:29:37,138 Windsurfers have long flocked to this windy river. 515 00:29:37,138 --> 00:29:41,710 But now it's become a major draw for a new sport: 516 00:29:41,710 --> 00:29:44,179 kite surfing. 517 00:29:44,179 --> 00:29:46,414 And there is plenty of room for everyone, 518 00:29:46,414 --> 00:29:49,985 including paddleborders. 519 00:29:49,985 --> 00:29:54,789 They create a kind of watersport variety show. 520 00:29:54,789 --> 00:29:56,958 From here, it doesn't even look like a river. 521 00:29:56,958 --> 00:30:00,395 It's so wide, you can't see the other bank. 522 00:30:00,395 --> 00:30:04,266 This playground of wind and water just never stops. 523 00:30:04,266 --> 00:30:08,169 People are always thinking up new ways to sail and splash. 524 00:30:08,169 --> 00:30:12,641 But there's a place nearby that was just as vibrant 525 00:30:12,641 --> 00:30:15,477 until one very bad day. 526 00:30:15,477 --> 00:30:18,480 [quiet music] 527 00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:24,586 ♪ ♪ 528 00:30:24,586 --> 00:30:27,856 100 miles south on a saltwater lake, 529 00:30:27,856 --> 00:30:32,594 one vibrant town met disaster in a flash. 530 00:30:32,594 --> 00:30:35,764 Villa Epecuén was an elegant spa 531 00:30:35,764 --> 00:30:38,400 catering to wealthy Porteños. 532 00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,836 But in 1985, a dam broke, 533 00:30:41,836 --> 00:30:45,240 sinking the town under 30 feet of water. 534 00:30:45,240 --> 00:30:48,009 Everyone escaped alive, 535 00:30:48,009 --> 00:30:52,747 but 1,500 people lost their homes. 536 00:30:52,747 --> 00:30:56,184 It took 25 years for the waters to recede, 537 00:30:56,184 --> 00:31:00,021 and the town's remains finally resurfaced. 538 00:31:03,091 --> 00:31:05,226 An old slaughterhouse symbolizes 539 00:31:05,226 --> 00:31:09,898 how Epecuén has been left a ruin... 540 00:31:09,898 --> 00:31:15,236 and old memories now look like nightmares. 541 00:31:15,236 --> 00:31:19,174 It stands empty and abandoned except to serve occasionally 542 00:31:19,174 --> 00:31:21,209 as a backdrop for a music video 543 00:31:21,209 --> 00:31:24,412 or a movie set. 544 00:31:24,412 --> 00:31:26,014 All that is left today 545 00:31:26,014 --> 00:31:28,917 is a shadow of the town's former glory. 546 00:31:36,358 --> 00:31:39,561 [energetic music] 547 00:31:39,561 --> 00:31:43,932 The tragedy of Epecuén is far from the minds of vacationers 548 00:31:43,932 --> 00:31:48,002 350 miles to the east on the Atlantic coast. 549 00:31:48,002 --> 00:31:53,308 It always seems to be sunny in Mar del Plata. 550 00:31:53,308 --> 00:31:55,110 Starting in the 1880s, 551 00:31:55,110 --> 00:31:59,347 it was a vacation hotspot for Argentina's elite. 552 00:31:59,347 --> 00:32:01,950 The casino and the Provincial Hotel 553 00:32:01,950 --> 00:32:04,452 fancy themselves to be on the same standing 554 00:32:04,452 --> 00:32:07,655 as Europe's swankiest seaside resorts, 555 00:32:07,655 --> 00:32:12,160 and among them, an adaptation of the Parisian Place Vendôme. 556 00:32:14,129 --> 00:32:18,299 Anyone outside the upper class was excluded. 557 00:32:18,299 --> 00:32:21,536 But Argentine attitudes and politics 558 00:32:21,536 --> 00:32:25,240 changed in the 1940s and '50s. 559 00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:28,276 Social reformers demanded equal rights and privileges 560 00:32:28,276 --> 00:32:30,011 for all citizens. 561 00:32:30,011 --> 00:32:33,081 No longer excluded, millions of Argentines 562 00:32:33,081 --> 00:32:37,218 flock to Mar Del Plata for their holidays. 563 00:32:37,218 --> 00:32:39,421 The city boomed with new hotels 564 00:32:39,421 --> 00:32:41,623 and apartment buildings lining streets 565 00:32:41,623 --> 00:32:43,892 leading to the beaches. 566 00:32:46,394 --> 00:32:48,530 Almost every visitor checks out 567 00:32:48,530 --> 00:32:50,098 the picture-postcard scene 568 00:32:50,098 --> 00:32:52,934 at Mar Del Plata's old harbor 569 00:32:52,934 --> 00:32:54,402 with sunbathing sea lions 570 00:32:54,402 --> 00:32:58,373 and picturesque yellow fishing boats. 571 00:32:59,007 --> 00:33:01,843 But these boats aren't just for show. 572 00:33:01,843 --> 00:33:03,812 When they sail from this port, 573 00:33:03,812 --> 00:33:06,080 the smaller ones stick close to shore 574 00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:09,250 and trawl some of the world's richest fisheries, 575 00:33:09,250 --> 00:33:13,621 landing everything from sea bass to squid. 576 00:33:13,621 --> 00:33:15,557 Larger red trawlers 577 00:33:15,557 --> 00:33:19,027 venture as far as 100 miles from the coast. 578 00:33:22,163 --> 00:33:23,565 While the rest of Mar Del Plata 579 00:33:23,565 --> 00:33:28,136 gets ready for bed, these ships go to work. 580 00:33:28,136 --> 00:33:29,804 They'll head to the fishing grounds 581 00:33:29,804 --> 00:33:32,907 and spend days out on the open ocean, 582 00:33:32,907 --> 00:33:35,643 helping to feed a nation on the move. 583 00:33:41,249 --> 00:33:43,751 ♪ ♪ 584 00:33:43,751 --> 00:33:45,286 As the sun sets, 585 00:33:45,286 --> 00:33:48,223 the river keeps flowing toward Buenos Aires 586 00:33:48,223 --> 00:33:52,060 and the city will shift into a new gear. 587 00:33:52,060 --> 00:33:55,930 In the darkness, it will create its own light 588 00:33:55,930 --> 00:33:59,267 and reveal the pulse of Argentina. 589 00:34:01,561 --> 00:34:04,798 [upbeat music] 590 00:34:04,798 --> 00:34:06,700 - All roads and rivers in the Pampas 591 00:34:06,700 --> 00:34:09,235 seem to lead back to the country's capital, 592 00:34:09,235 --> 00:34:11,071 Buenos Aires. 593 00:34:11,071 --> 00:34:13,640 Built on the shores of the Río de la Plata, 594 00:34:13,640 --> 00:34:16,343 it almost looks like the city has turned its back 595 00:34:16,343 --> 00:34:17,978 on the waterfront, 596 00:34:17,978 --> 00:34:21,314 but there are places that face the water 597 00:34:21,314 --> 00:34:25,151 and face a dark chapter in Argentina's history. 598 00:34:25,151 --> 00:34:27,887 [somber] 599 00:34:27,887 --> 00:34:30,490 The Parque de la Memoria is a memorial 600 00:34:30,490 --> 00:34:33,994 to those who disappeared during a military dictatorship 601 00:34:33,994 --> 00:34:39,065 that ruled from 1976 to 1983. 602 00:34:39,065 --> 00:34:41,868 As many as 30,000 Argentines were killed 603 00:34:41,868 --> 00:34:44,237 in political violence. 604 00:34:44,237 --> 00:34:47,507 Some were even dropped out of planes into this river 605 00:34:47,507 --> 00:34:50,410 and left to drown. 606 00:34:50,410 --> 00:34:54,514 And one lone figure stands on a floating pedestal 607 00:34:54,514 --> 00:34:56,816 looking out over the river, 608 00:34:56,816 --> 00:34:59,185 a symbol of both the innocence lost 609 00:34:59,185 --> 00:35:02,155 and the need to never forget. 610 00:35:02,155 --> 00:35:05,458 The model was a 14-year-old named Pablo Míguez 611 00:35:05,458 --> 00:35:08,995 who witnessed the military kidnap his mother. 612 00:35:08,995 --> 00:35:12,465 Soon after, he was also snatched away, 613 00:35:12,465 --> 00:35:14,501 and there's no record of his fate. 614 00:35:18,138 --> 00:35:22,108 Collectively, these men, women, and children 615 00:35:22,108 --> 00:35:25,979 are known as The Disappeared. 616 00:35:25,979 --> 00:35:28,715 ♪ ♪ 617 00:35:28,715 --> 00:35:31,918 The memory of resistance to the military dictators 618 00:35:31,918 --> 00:35:34,587 has left its mark throughout the city. 619 00:35:34,587 --> 00:35:38,024 ♪ ♪ 620 00:35:38,024 --> 00:35:40,593 Today in the Plaza de Mayo, 621 00:35:40,593 --> 00:35:42,929 white headscarves are painted in a circle 622 00:35:42,929 --> 00:35:46,466 around the central pyramid. 623 00:35:46,466 --> 00:35:48,435 This is where the mothers of The Disappeared 624 00:35:48,435 --> 00:35:50,070 met every Thursday 625 00:35:50,070 --> 00:35:54,007 to share any news of their missing loved ones. 626 00:35:54,007 --> 00:35:57,010 Political demonstrations were banned, 627 00:35:57,010 --> 00:35:58,711 so the women simply walked in circles 628 00:35:58,711 --> 00:36:02,649 in a passive yet powerful symbol of resistance, 629 00:36:02,649 --> 00:36:05,885 and each wore a white scarf. 630 00:36:05,885 --> 00:36:12,659 ♪ ♪ 631 00:36:12,659 --> 00:36:15,595 Women have often played a central role 632 00:36:15,595 --> 00:36:17,497 in Argentine politics, 633 00:36:17,497 --> 00:36:21,234 and no figure stands taller than this one. 634 00:36:21,234 --> 00:36:26,039 Her full name was María Eva Duarte de Perón, 635 00:36:26,039 --> 00:36:31,144 but to millions, she is known simply as Evita. 636 00:36:31,144 --> 00:36:32,645 Her portrait still adorns 637 00:36:32,645 --> 00:36:35,381 the Ministry of Social Development. 638 00:36:35,381 --> 00:36:38,651 In the 1940s and early 1950s, 639 00:36:38,651 --> 00:36:42,088 Evita served as first lady when her husband, 640 00:36:42,088 --> 00:36:44,757 Juan Domingo Perón, was president. 641 00:36:44,757 --> 00:36:46,659 A champion of the poor, 642 00:36:46,659 --> 00:36:49,829 Evita was loved by the lower classes. 643 00:36:49,829 --> 00:36:52,365 [dramatic music] 644 00:36:52,365 --> 00:36:55,168 From her office in the old post office building, 645 00:36:55,168 --> 00:36:57,170 she fought to promote equal rights 646 00:36:57,170 --> 00:37:00,240 for the downtrodden and for women. 647 00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:02,976 Today, the building has been converted into 648 00:37:02,976 --> 00:37:06,813 South America's largest cultural center. 649 00:37:06,813 --> 00:37:10,817 Evita broke down barriers and in the process 650 00:37:10,817 --> 00:37:15,889 created a cult of personality that endures to this day. 651 00:37:19,125 --> 00:37:21,694 On a balcony of the presidential residence 652 00:37:21,694 --> 00:37:26,666 known as the Casa Rosada, Evita solidified her legacy. 653 00:37:26,666 --> 00:37:30,003 Here, she gave her most fiery speeches 654 00:37:30,003 --> 00:37:32,138 to crowds of loyalists 655 00:37:32,138 --> 00:37:35,542 whom she fondly called the descamisados, 656 00:37:35,542 --> 00:37:38,511 or the shirtless. 657 00:37:38,511 --> 00:37:41,681 It was also on this balcony that Madonna sang 658 00:37:41,681 --> 00:37:45,985 "Don't Cry For Me Argentina" in the movie "Evita." 659 00:37:51,024 --> 00:37:54,327 But on July 26, 1952, 660 00:37:54,327 --> 00:37:57,764 millions of Argentines did cry for Evita 661 00:37:57,764 --> 00:37:59,866 when she died of cancer. 662 00:37:59,866 --> 00:38:04,170 She was just 33 years old. 663 00:38:04,170 --> 00:38:07,073 The woman who rose from humble roots 664 00:38:07,073 --> 00:38:08,841 was interred in the cemetery 665 00:38:08,841 --> 00:38:13,012 previously reserved for the nation's wealthy and elite. 666 00:38:13,012 --> 00:38:17,217 This is her resting place in a family mausoleum 667 00:38:17,217 --> 00:38:20,486 that is now a solemn tourist destination. 668 00:38:20,486 --> 00:38:23,489 [solemn music] 669 00:38:23,489 --> 00:38:24,757 ♪ ♪ 670 00:38:24,757 --> 00:38:27,360 [upbeat music] 671 00:38:27,360 --> 00:38:31,598 Across town in Puerto Madero, other women trailblazers 672 00:38:31,598 --> 00:38:34,467 are honored in a uniquely modern way. 673 00:38:34,467 --> 00:38:36,436 Every street in this neighborhood 674 00:38:36,436 --> 00:38:39,172 is named for a female artist, scientist, 675 00:38:39,172 --> 00:38:42,675 politician, or social leader. 676 00:38:42,675 --> 00:38:46,479 Some of these women inspired a movement in 2015 677 00:38:46,479 --> 00:38:51,918 called "Ni Una Menos," or "not one woman less." 678 00:38:51,918 --> 00:38:54,954 It is an ongoing effort to combat sexual harassment 679 00:38:54,954 --> 00:38:57,156 and violence against women. 680 00:38:57,156 --> 00:38:58,725 Starting in Argentina, 681 00:38:58,725 --> 00:39:03,529 the movement has spread across Latin America and Spain. 682 00:39:03,529 --> 00:39:09,135 It has also inspired artwork throughout the city. 683 00:39:09,135 --> 00:39:12,272 A painting on one building boldly declares, 684 00:39:12,272 --> 00:39:16,009 "Women, equality, independence 685 00:39:16,009 --> 00:39:19,445 pleasure, and power." 686 00:39:19,445 --> 00:39:22,582 Many other murals portray women's collective identity, 687 00:39:22,582 --> 00:39:27,253 like this one by artist Mariela Ajras. 688 00:39:27,253 --> 00:39:30,723 Ajras also joined forces with the artists 689 00:39:30,723 --> 00:39:33,860 Mariano Antedomenico and Martin Ron 690 00:39:33,860 --> 00:39:36,663 to paint three murals on the Hospital de Clínicas 691 00:39:36,663 --> 00:39:39,232 of the University of Buenos Aires. 692 00:39:39,232 --> 00:39:45,238 ♪ ♪ 693 00:39:45,238 --> 00:39:46,472 The University of Buenos Aires, 694 00:39:46,472 --> 00:39:48,408 known locally as UBA, 695 00:39:48,408 --> 00:39:51,344 has campuses all over the city. 696 00:39:51,344 --> 00:39:53,813 It just turned 200 years old 697 00:39:53,813 --> 00:39:56,316 and was recently ranked the best institution 698 00:39:56,316 --> 00:39:59,886 of higher learning in Latin America. 699 00:39:59,886 --> 00:40:02,221 This ranking placed it in the top 1% 700 00:40:02,221 --> 00:40:05,692 of the world's universities. 701 00:40:05,692 --> 00:40:08,461 Students study hard but can't resist a break 702 00:40:08,461 --> 00:40:11,331 on the sunny steps of the main law school. 703 00:40:15,201 --> 00:40:18,504 [upbeat music] 704 00:40:18,504 --> 00:40:21,307 The university encourages students to bloom 705 00:40:21,307 --> 00:40:26,813 and in the springtime, all of Buenos Aires seems to join in. 706 00:40:26,813 --> 00:40:31,184 There are more than 250 parks in the city. 707 00:40:31,184 --> 00:40:36,289 Porteños by the thousands gather in these green spaces. 708 00:40:36,289 --> 00:40:38,558 One of them is the city's largest park 709 00:40:38,558 --> 00:40:42,328 known as Los Bosques de Palermo. 710 00:40:42,328 --> 00:40:45,531 It covers almost 1.4 square miles 711 00:40:45,531 --> 00:40:50,670 and has extensive gardens with over 8,000 rose bushes. 712 00:40:50,670 --> 00:40:54,440 During October and November, the city's Jacaranda trees 713 00:40:54,440 --> 00:40:57,510 explode in bursts of purple flowers. 714 00:40:57,510 --> 00:41:01,748 The annual show put on by 19,000 Jacaranda trees 715 00:41:01,748 --> 00:41:05,518 is considered part of the BA's seasonal rhythm. 716 00:41:05,518 --> 00:41:09,389 In the late 1800s, landscape artist Carlos Thays 717 00:41:09,389 --> 00:41:13,192 imported the Jacarandas from Northwest Argentina. 718 00:41:13,192 --> 00:41:16,529 His work helped bring cool shade 719 00:41:16,529 --> 00:41:18,331 and treelined streets 720 00:41:18,331 --> 00:41:21,100 to a city that once baked in the sun. 721 00:41:21,100 --> 00:41:24,337 [festive music] 722 00:41:24,337 --> 00:41:26,539 ♪ ♪ 723 00:41:26,539 --> 00:41:28,975 Avoiding this daytime heat may be why 724 00:41:28,975 --> 00:41:33,045 the capital city seems to light up as night falls. 725 00:41:33,045 --> 00:41:36,482 The same obelisk that was a gathering point 726 00:41:36,482 --> 00:41:39,051 to celebrate the Copa America victory 727 00:41:39,051 --> 00:41:41,654 is set aglow in the dark, 728 00:41:41,654 --> 00:41:43,689 beckoning Porteños into the streets 729 00:41:43,689 --> 00:41:47,827 for BA's true calling card: a vibrant nightlife. 730 00:41:47,827 --> 00:41:49,796 ♪ ♪ 731 00:41:49,796 --> 00:41:54,834 The rhythms of the city change and become up-tempo. 732 00:41:54,834 --> 00:41:57,170 Running east to west through the city, 733 00:41:57,170 --> 00:42:01,941 Corrientes Avenue is called the street that never sleeps. 734 00:42:01,941 --> 00:42:05,378 Whatever you want to do, no matter what the time, 735 00:42:05,378 --> 00:42:07,580 you can probably find it here. 736 00:42:07,580 --> 00:42:09,282 For culture vultures, 737 00:42:09,282 --> 00:42:12,752 this is a city of over 300 theaters, 738 00:42:12,752 --> 00:42:15,154 more than Paris. 739 00:42:15,154 --> 00:42:20,760 Here, diners have endless choices of restaurants. 740 00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:25,064 And there's even a late-night venue for bookworms. 741 00:42:25,064 --> 00:42:29,101 The Ateneo Grand Splendid, housed in a former theater, 742 00:42:29,101 --> 00:42:31,871 is considered one of the most beautiful bookstores 743 00:42:31,871 --> 00:42:33,539 in the world. 744 00:42:36,442 --> 00:42:39,412 ♪ ♪ 745 00:42:39,412 --> 00:42:44,550 The nightlife carries on well beyond downtown. 746 00:42:44,550 --> 00:42:46,586 The old neighborhood of Palermo 747 00:42:46,586 --> 00:42:48,254 has been transformed 748 00:42:48,254 --> 00:42:51,491 by trendy stores, bars, and restaurants. 749 00:42:51,491 --> 00:42:55,194 Famed author Jorge Luis Borges grew up here, 750 00:42:55,194 --> 00:42:58,397 and his books described the rough and rowdy locals. 751 00:42:58,397 --> 00:43:01,501 But today a hip young crowd 752 00:43:01,501 --> 00:43:03,769 cruises its cobblestone streets 753 00:43:03,769 --> 00:43:07,840 and gangs of ruffians are a distant memory. 754 00:43:07,840 --> 00:43:11,944 Like so much else in this dynamic, ever-changing city, 755 00:43:11,944 --> 00:43:14,447 nothing stays the same for long. 756 00:43:15,948 --> 00:43:22,622 ♪ ♪ 757 00:43:24,023 --> 00:43:27,426 In BA, the nights seem to go on forever. 758 00:43:27,426 --> 00:43:29,061 If you have a bedtime, 759 00:43:29,061 --> 00:43:33,099 you're gonna miss Argentina's best side. 760 00:43:33,099 --> 00:43:38,204 The city has timeless beauty, but also restless energy. 761 00:43:38,204 --> 00:43:41,440 Good luck trying to pin it down to any one thing. 762 00:43:41,440 --> 00:43:44,610 Take a stroll, turn a corner, 763 00:43:44,610 --> 00:43:46,345 and another facet of this country 764 00:43:46,345 --> 00:43:48,614 lights up in front of you. 765 00:43:48,614 --> 00:43:52,518 Argentina doesn't disappoint. 766 00:43:52,518 --> 00:43:56,289 It just keeps luring you in for more. 63521

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