Original subtitles

the world is moving toward renewable

energy to save the planet from

destruction by pollution there are

several ways to generate energy from

renewable sources but one of the most

common methods and easy to set up is

solar panels many households are setting

up their own panels but the panels are

held back by their inherent limitations

however scientists have revealed a new

type of solar cell that revolutionizes

the renewable energy industry known as

perovskite what is perovskite and what

makes it far better than standard solar

cells join us as we bring you all the

details about perovsky solar cells that

have finally hitting the market

depending on where you live you or your

neighbors have solar panels on the roof

generating electricity without polluting

the air and as you are watching this

video a large solar farm somewhere is

providing electricity to a city along

with wind solar photovoltaic or PV is

the most established of the low carbon

Energy Technologies and as it grows in

scale the cost of development are coming

down the total cumulative installed

capacity the end of 2019 amounted to

around 627 gigawatts globally according

to the International Energy agency solar

is on track to set records for new

Global deployments each year after 2022

with an average of 125 gigawatts of new

capacity expected globally between 2021

and 2025. solar PV generation increased

22 in 2019 and represented the second

largest absolute generation growth of

all renewable Technologies slightly

behind wind and ahead of hydropower

globally China is the top solar energy

consumer in 2019 the country had

installed 205 gigawatts of solar panels

and generated

223.8 terawatt hours of energy from the

Sun the largest single solar project at

the time was the Huang hey hydropower

Heinen solar park with 2.2 gigawatt of

installed capacity in King Hai Province

the US had the world's second largest

installed solar capacity in 2019

totaling 76 gigawatts and producing 93.1

terawatt hours of electricity however

over the present decade U.S solar

installations are forecast to reach

around 419 gigawatts as the country

accelerates its clean energy efforts and

attempts to decarbonize its power system

by 2035 fully solar energy has many

benefits the biggest is costs solar

energy doesn't require any external

Supply to work so its maintenance and

energy production costs are practically

zero the only cost associated with the

use of solar energy is the manufacture

and installation of the components this

means there are no additional costs

associated with its use so the

installation is recovered quickly also

there is no fluctuation in the cost as

the main material the sun is practically

always available in addition solar

energy results in less energy loss

during long distance transport losses

during transport and distribution of

energy increase with the distance

between the production and Supply points

and affect the performance of the

installation in densely populated areas

on the other hand with the individual

installation of photovoltaic panels on

rooftops the distances are drastically

reduced increasing the efficiency of the

electrical system the Simplicity of the

installation means that you can install

PV panels almost anywhere taking

advantage of both vertical and

horizontal spaces with no specific use

this means the possibility of providing

electricity in remote locations where

the cost of installing electrical

distribution lines is too high or

unfeasible also solar energy doesn't

generate noise pollution a great point

in urban areas it also doesn't generate

any waste because it doesn't need

maintenance and its lifetime is far

longer than other energy production

systems however PV panels have drawbacks

limiting their capacity and applications

one of the most important is the cost

the first initial investment for solar

panel installation is quite high and not

everybody will be able to afford them

although you could argue that solar

panels are the most affordable they've

ever been the fact is that they do come

with a high price tag also the size of

the system is dependent on your

available space available space is a big

factor in solar panel installation

because if your roof is not big enough

for example you may have to downsize

your system or rethink getting solar

altogether solar panels are still fairly

large products meaning they require a

big space to be installed the size

disadvantage means that they cannot be

placed in small areas and actually

require a large roof there is also the

problem of a low energy conversion rate

even the most advanced solar panels

still only convert 20 to 25 percent of

the sun's energy into Power showing how

much opportunity there is to develop

better technology to optimize the full

force of the sun now there is also this

disadvantage that solar energy

proponents might prefer did not exist

manufacturing solar panels can harm the

environment although solar panels

produce clean renewable energy the

process it takes to manufacture them can

harm the environment mass production of

solar panels may result in fossil fuels

being burned and plastic waste they are

simply not eco-friendly to mass

manufacture however a new material for

making solar panels promises to fix most

of these problems you can call it the

Holy Grail of solar energy because of

its versatility the Breakthrough

material is known as perovskite what is

perovskite and how does it work to

understand these let's quickly look at

how current solar panels work a solar

panel works by allowing photons or

particles of light to knock electrons

free from atoms generating a flow of

electricity solar panels actually

comprise many smaller units called

photovoltaic cells of course

photovoltaic means they convert sunlight

into electricity many cells are linked

together make up a solar panel each

photovoltaic cell is basically a

sandwich made up of two slices of

semiconducting material photovoltaic

cells are usually made of silicon the

same stuff used in microelectronics to

work photovoltaic cells need to

establish publish an electric field much

like a magnetic field which occurs due

to opposite poles an electric field

occurs when opposite charges are

separated to get this field

manufacturer's dope silicon with other

materials giving each slice of the

sandwich a positive or negative

electrical charge specifically they seed

phosphorus into the top layer of silicon

which adds extra electrons with a

negative charge to that layer meanwhile

the bottom layer gets a dose of boron

which results in fewer electrons or a

positive charge this all adds up to an

electric field at the junction between

the Silicon layers then when a photon of

sunlight knocks an electron free the

electric field will push that electron

out of the Silicon Junction a couple of

other components of the cell turn these

electrons into usable power for instance

conductive metal plates on the sides of

the cell collect the electrons and

transfer them to wires at that point the

electrons can flow like any other source

of electricity in general photovoltaic

Technologies can be divided into two

main category is Wafer based PV also

called first generation PVS and thin

film cell PVS traditional crystalline

silicon CSI cells single crystalline

silicon multi-crystalline silicon and

the gallium arsenide or GAA cells that

belong to the wafer base PVS with CSI

cells dominating the current PV Market

it has about 90 market share and gaas

exhibiting the highest efficiency so

let's come back to perovskites props

guides are a class of materials that

share a similar structure which displays

many exciting properties like

superconductivity Magneto resistance and

more these easily synthesized materials

are considered the future of solar cells

as their distinctive structure makes

them perfect for enabling low-cost

efficient photovoltaics a perovsky solar

cell is a type of solar cell that

includes a perovskite structured

compound most commonly a hybrid organic

inorganic lead or tin halide based

material is the light harvesting active

layer perovsky materials such as methyl

ammonium lead halides are cheap to

produce in relatively simple to

manufacture props guides possess

intrinsic properties like broad

absorption Spectrum fast charge

separation long transport distance of

electrons and holes long carrier

separation Lifetime and more making them

very promising materials for solid-state

solar cells Prof Sky solar cells are

without a doubt the rising star in the

field of photovoltaics they are causing

excitement within the solar power

industry with their ability to absorb

light across almost all visible

wavelengths exceptional power conversion

efficiencies already exceeding 20 in the

lab and relative ease of fabrication

perovsky solar cells aim to increase

efficiency and lower the cost of solar

energy perovskypvs promise High

efficiencies as well as low potential

material and reduced processing costs a

big Advantage perovsky PVS have over

conventional solar technology is that

they can react to various wavelengths of

Light which lets them convert more of

the sunlight that reaches them into to

electricity moreover they offer

flexibility semi-transparency tailored

form factors lightweight and more

electronics designers and researchers

are certain that such characteristics

will open up many more applications for

solar cells for example perovskite cells

can power small Internet of Things

gadgets and even aircraft where they are

not expected to last very long on the

commercial side Sally Technologies has

signed an investment deal with

heidiosawada a Japanese Investment

Company Cella aims to combine perovskite

solar cells with other currently

available products and this investment

agreement came only a year after the

company was launched sole has launched

sunbreaker lamella's equipped with

porovsky solar cells the product would

be marketed across Europe and

potentially go Global after that it is

also reported that a perovskite

photovoltaic cell production line has

gone into production in Cujo East

China's XI Jiang Province the 40 hectare

Factory was reportedly funded by micro

Qantas semiconductor it is expected to

produce use more than 200 000 square

meters of photovoltaic glass within a

year let's hear what you think of props

kite PV cells in the comments section

below