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1
00:00:01,618 --> 00:00:04,488
(mysterious music)
2
00:00:05,372 --> 00:00:08,242
- They didn't expect
to see what they saw
3
00:00:11,728 --> 00:00:12,508
and when they saw it,
4
00:00:14,781 --> 00:00:16,221
they could never forget it.
5
00:00:21,921 --> 00:00:24,021
Ferdinand Hayden was
hired to lead a team
6
00:00:24,057 --> 00:00:25,627
into the Northwest Territories.
7
00:00:25,658 --> 00:00:28,748
(mystifying music)
8
00:00:28,778 --> 00:00:30,358
And the 32 men headed west.
9
00:00:36,152 --> 00:00:39,242
They weren't here to
protect Yellowstone.
10
00:00:39,272 --> 00:00:40,712
They were here to
tear it to shreds
11
00:00:40,740 --> 00:00:42,240
in the name of progress,
12
00:00:43,893 --> 00:00:46,453
gold interests, railroad barons,
13
00:00:47,747 --> 00:00:49,077
Congress.
14
00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:53,290
Powerful people wanted
this land for themselves.
15
00:00:57,440 --> 00:01:00,190
But something happened during
their three month journey
16
00:01:02,712 --> 00:01:04,062
and slowly but surely,
17
00:01:06,716 --> 00:01:08,026
their mission changed.
18
00:01:10,003 --> 00:01:12,813
So as we celebrate
the 150th anniversary
19
00:01:12,839 --> 00:01:14,369
of Yellowstone National Park,
20
00:01:15,658 --> 00:01:17,208
we take a look back in time
21
00:01:18,361 --> 00:01:21,051
and at the events that
led to the preservation
22
00:01:23,733 --> 00:01:25,323
of this magical place.
23
00:01:31,541 --> 00:01:33,661
(wind whistling)
24
00:01:33,693 --> 00:01:36,403
(majestic music)
25
00:01:40,650 --> 00:01:43,340
(bird screeching)
26
00:01:46,589 --> 00:01:49,309
(birds chirping)
27
00:01:52,462 --> 00:01:54,702
(bison bellows)
28
00:01:54,731 --> 00:01:57,381
(bison bellows)
29
00:02:05,308 --> 00:02:08,028
I was hoping to get a look
at some wolves this morning.
30
00:02:09,729 --> 00:02:11,399
- No. You?
31
00:02:13,566 --> 00:02:15,246
- Ah.
32
00:02:15,285 --> 00:02:17,435
Well, I better say something
brilliant then, huh?
33
00:02:20,757 --> 00:02:22,327
Wolves or no wolves,
34
00:02:22,358 --> 00:02:24,438
it's still a pretty nice
way to spend the morning.
35
00:02:25,662 --> 00:02:26,452
It's quiet.
36
00:02:28,681 --> 00:02:30,331
It gives you time to think.
37
00:02:33,903 --> 00:02:36,163
- I spent a lot of
time thinking about
38
00:02:36,189 --> 00:02:38,639
what Hayden and
his men did here,
39
00:02:38,675 --> 00:02:39,485
what they experienced.
40
00:02:41,110 --> 00:02:42,680
But they actually weren't
the first outsiders
41
00:02:42,712 --> 00:02:44,062
to lay eyes on Yellowstone.
42
00:02:46,082 --> 00:02:48,772
A man named John Colter
beat them by 65 years.
43
00:02:48,801 --> 00:02:51,671
(uneasy music)
44
00:02:51,704 --> 00:02:53,124
Colter grew up in Kentucky
45
00:02:55,358 --> 00:03:00,108
which in the late 1700s was
the western frontier of the US.
46
00:03:00,797 --> 00:03:03,377
(livestock lowing)
47
00:03:03,416 --> 00:03:05,946
So when Lewis and Clark
needed a few good men
48
00:03:05,985 --> 00:03:08,345
for their western expedition,
49
00:03:08,388 --> 00:03:13,208
they went straight to
Kentucky knowing that that's
50
00:03:13,243 --> 00:03:15,303
where the most rugged
of the rugged live.
51
00:03:18,281 --> 00:03:21,081
It must have been
the way Colter looked
52
00:03:21,117 --> 00:03:24,637
or the way he shook a hand
that inspired confidence.
53
00:03:24,671 --> 00:03:26,691
But they signed him on
54
00:03:26,723 --> 00:03:28,683
and for the next 28 months,
55
00:03:28,708 --> 00:03:30,078
they explored the west together.
56
00:03:30,109 --> 00:03:34,659
(music intensity increases)
57
00:03:34,697 --> 00:03:35,847
You could fill a few volumes
58
00:03:35,882 --> 00:03:37,502
with the stories from that trip,
59
00:03:39,102 --> 00:03:41,292
but it was only a
chapter for Colter.
60
00:03:44,007 --> 00:03:46,057
When the expedition was over,
61
00:03:46,976 --> 00:03:49,126
the group headed back
to St. Louis to debrief
62
00:03:49,162 --> 00:03:50,532
on everything they discovered.
63
00:03:51,781 --> 00:03:53,981
(foghorn blasts)
64
00:03:54,017 --> 00:03:56,317
That's when a chance
meeting changed history.
65
00:03:59,622 --> 00:04:02,742
(bison bellow)
66
00:04:02,775 --> 00:04:04,055
A few days out from St. Louis,
67
00:04:04,093 --> 00:04:06,753
they ran into a
group of fur traders
68
00:04:06,779 --> 00:04:08,499
who had a dilemma.
69
00:04:08,531 --> 00:04:10,851
They wanted to set up a fur
trade with the Crow Nation.
70
00:04:10,883 --> 00:04:12,303
(uneasy music)
71
00:04:12,335 --> 00:04:16,115
But the Crows had already
returned to their winter camps,
72
00:04:16,155 --> 00:04:19,135
territory where no
outsiders had ever set foot.
73
00:04:20,009 --> 00:04:22,799
After more than two
years in the wilderness,
74
00:04:22,829 --> 00:04:24,299
Colter had a decision to make:
75
00:04:26,266 --> 00:04:29,766
a warm bed in St. Louis
or the cold unknown.
76
00:04:29,802 --> 00:04:32,372
(unsettling music)
77
00:04:32,405 --> 00:04:35,635
Some creatures just aren't
built for captivity.
78
00:04:35,675 --> 00:04:37,875
(bison bellow)
79
00:04:37,910 --> 00:04:39,260
So Colter asked Lewis and Clark
80
00:04:39,295 --> 00:04:42,115
for an early
dismissal, unheard of.
81
00:04:43,283 --> 00:04:46,973
They said he'd been so crucial
to the expedition's success
82
00:04:47,003 --> 00:04:49,123
that they had no choice
but to set him free.
83
00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:53,790
America's first mountain man
was released into the wild.
84
00:04:53,826 --> 00:04:55,796
(hawk screeching)
85
00:04:55,828 --> 00:04:58,528
(birds chirping)
86
00:05:02,385 --> 00:05:05,085
(water burbling)
87
00:05:12,829 --> 00:05:14,099
He spent the next three years
88
00:05:14,130 --> 00:05:16,620
canoeing the rivers and
traversing the peaks.
89
00:05:16,649 --> 00:05:19,349
(daunting music)
90
00:05:21,788 --> 00:05:23,188
He made trade
deals with the Crow
91
00:05:25,425 --> 00:05:28,795
and faced certain death
when he came upon hundreds
92
00:05:28,828 --> 00:05:30,098
of Blackfeet warriors
93
00:05:30,129 --> 00:05:32,429
just outside
Yellowstone's borders.
94
00:05:34,250 --> 00:05:36,870
After the trapper he was
traveling with was dismembered
95
00:05:36,903 --> 00:05:38,193
right in front of him,
96
00:05:39,105 --> 00:05:42,425
Colter was stripped
naked and told to run.
97
00:05:43,693 --> 00:05:47,103
(victim panting)
98
00:05:47,130 --> 00:05:48,970
It was a chance for
the young Blackfeet
99
00:05:48,998 --> 00:05:51,518
to prove their manhood
by killing Colter.
100
00:05:52,735 --> 00:05:53,835
So he ran.
101
00:05:53,870 --> 00:05:56,420
(suspenseful music)
102
00:05:56,456 --> 00:05:57,636
(victim panting)
103
00:05:57,673 --> 00:05:58,523
Feet caked in blood
104
00:05:59,992 --> 00:06:02,062
and lungs drowned in fluid,
105
00:06:03,396 --> 00:06:06,196
he managed to stay ahead of
the warriors for 21 days.
106
00:06:08,601 --> 00:06:11,341
(birds chirping)
107
00:06:13,840 --> 00:06:17,060
(bird screeching)
108
00:06:18,394 --> 00:06:19,964
(steady music)
109
00:06:19,996 --> 00:06:21,856
Ironically, the very animal
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00:06:21,898 --> 00:06:24,618
whose fur he sought
saved his life.
111
00:06:24,650 --> 00:06:27,300
(water swashing)
112
00:06:27,336 --> 00:06:29,686
He managed to elude
the young Blackfeet
113
00:06:29,722 --> 00:06:31,422
by hiding inside a beaver dam.
114
00:06:31,457 --> 00:06:34,927
(water burbling)
115
00:06:34,961 --> 00:06:37,161
When he arrived at
Fort Manuel days later,
116
00:06:38,731 --> 00:06:40,651
he told the incredible story
117
00:06:40,683 --> 00:06:43,853
(moves to wondrous music)
118
00:06:43,886 --> 00:06:45,196
and a few others.
119
00:06:45,922 --> 00:06:49,142
(geyser growling)
120
00:06:50,093 --> 00:06:52,683
He told tales of
exploding geysers,
121
00:06:52,712 --> 00:06:55,422
(geyser growling)
122
00:06:57,700 --> 00:06:58,750
bubbling mud pots,
123
00:06:58,785 --> 00:07:01,435
(liquid gurgling)
124
00:07:03,473 --> 00:07:05,143
rainbow-colored pools.
125
00:07:11,497 --> 00:07:14,367
(creature warbling)
126
00:07:15,802 --> 00:07:17,142
No one believed him.
127
00:07:20,206 --> 00:07:23,026
They said he'd lost his
mind or called him a drunk.
128
00:07:24,627 --> 00:07:25,447
It became a joke
129
00:07:28,531 --> 00:07:32,591
as people sardonically labeled
this place, "Colter's Hell."
130
00:07:32,618 --> 00:07:35,218
(daunting music)
131
00:07:36,873 --> 00:07:39,033
Colter never got the last laugh.
132
00:07:40,009 --> 00:07:42,029
He died five years later,
133
00:07:42,945 --> 00:07:45,205
long before the rest of
the country would come
134
00:07:45,248 --> 00:07:49,438
to know that Yellowstone region
was very much a real place.
135
00:07:52,855 --> 00:07:55,055
I guess the last
laugh was Colter's
136
00:07:55,091 --> 00:07:57,211
getting to see Yellowstone
with his own eyes,
137
00:07:57,910 --> 00:07:59,150
at least I hope so.
138
00:08:01,013 --> 00:08:05,083
(moves to unsettling music)
139
00:08:07,453 --> 00:08:08,423
Okay, here we go.
140
00:08:14,443 --> 00:08:17,103
(bison bellow)
141
00:08:18,581 --> 00:08:20,001
This is going to get good.
142
00:08:20,683 --> 00:08:22,803
(wolf growls)
143
00:08:22,835 --> 00:08:25,985
(wolf howling)
144
00:08:27,423 --> 00:08:30,143
(birds chirping)
145
00:08:31,694 --> 00:08:34,214
(bear grunts)
146
00:08:36,148 --> 00:08:38,618
The people who question
what John Colter saw
147
00:08:38,651 --> 00:08:41,271
(tranquil music)
148
00:08:42,955 --> 00:08:44,785
may have referred to
it as Colter's Hell,
149
00:08:44,824 --> 00:08:48,394
(dark tones)
150
00:08:48,427 --> 00:08:49,277
but in reality
151
00:08:51,847 --> 00:08:53,217
it was sacred ground.
152
00:08:57,553 --> 00:09:00,113
(mysterious music)
153
00:09:00,139 --> 00:09:02,439
According to their oral history,
154
00:09:03,793 --> 00:09:05,963
the Kiowa people
didn't have a home land
155
00:09:05,995 --> 00:09:08,045
when the earth
first was created.
156
00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:12,250
Instead, they had to earn one.
157
00:09:15,137 --> 00:09:18,157
Their god told them to travel
to a harsh, unforgiving land
158
00:09:22,912 --> 00:09:25,162
where water boils out
of a thundering cave
159
00:09:28,251 --> 00:09:31,101
and if anyone was brave
enough to jump into the water,
160
00:09:32,822 --> 00:09:34,162
the land would be theirs.
161
00:09:37,693 --> 00:09:39,453
One young man did.
162
00:09:39,478 --> 00:09:42,078
(rapids rumbling)
163
00:09:42,114 --> 00:09:44,084
And when he climbed back out,
164
00:09:45,268 --> 00:09:47,848
the land around them had
turned lush and beautiful.
165
00:09:47,887 --> 00:09:51,107
(mystifying music)
166
00:09:52,174 --> 00:09:55,484
The Kiowa called the
hot spring "To-sal-dau".
167
00:09:55,511 --> 00:09:58,201
(birds chirping)
168
00:09:59,148 --> 00:10:01,428
Today it's known
as Dragon's Mouth.
169
00:10:01,467 --> 00:10:03,817
(geyser growls)
170
00:10:03,853 --> 00:10:05,323
Hidden deep inside its cave
171
00:10:06,956 --> 00:10:09,156
gas and steam form
pressure bubbles
172
00:10:09,191 --> 00:10:11,281
that explode against
the cave's roof.
173
00:10:12,962 --> 00:10:15,052
When they pop, the
sound echoes out
174
00:10:15,081 --> 00:10:16,751
like the growl of a beast.
175
00:10:16,782 --> 00:10:19,352
(geyser growls)
176
00:10:22,355 --> 00:10:25,105
Steam drifting upwards like
the hot breath of a dragon.
177
00:10:25,141 --> 00:10:29,231
(mystifying music continues)
178
00:10:31,297 --> 00:10:34,127
Dragon's Mouth and other
remarkable sights and sounds
179
00:10:34,166 --> 00:10:35,866
of Yellowstone had
been experienced
180
00:10:35,901 --> 00:10:37,501
only by Indigenous tribes
181
00:10:39,121 --> 00:10:42,481
until John Colter
arrived in the area,
182
00:10:42,508 --> 00:10:44,838
(uneasy music)
183
00:10:44,877 --> 00:10:46,507
the first outsider to see them.
184
00:10:51,517 --> 00:10:52,817
(hawk screeching)
185
00:10:52,852 --> 00:10:54,292
Soon others would follow.
186
00:10:56,539 --> 00:10:58,169
(projector whirring)
187
00:10:58,207 --> 00:11:01,427
America was growing
in the 1800s.
188
00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:04,030
(inspired music)
189
00:11:04,063 --> 00:11:06,233
Westward expansion
was on the march.
190
00:11:13,389 --> 00:11:16,359
Gold strikes sent people
past the Mississippi River
191
00:11:17,510 --> 00:11:21,110
into uncharted territory
where there was plenty of land
192
00:11:24,483 --> 00:11:25,853
(whistle blasts)
193
00:11:25,885 --> 00:11:27,635
but not enough railroads.
194
00:11:27,670 --> 00:11:29,820
(projector whirring)
195
00:11:29,855 --> 00:11:32,185
So in 1853,
196
00:11:32,224 --> 00:11:34,794
Congress passed the Pacific
Railroad Survey Bill.
197
00:11:34,827 --> 00:11:36,957
(sprightly music)
198
00:11:36,996 --> 00:11:38,326
They wanted to chart the west
199
00:11:39,281 --> 00:11:41,031
and find potential
railroad routes
200
00:11:41,067 --> 00:11:42,397
from the Mississippi River
201
00:11:43,936 --> 00:11:45,296
to the Pacific Ocean.
202
00:11:48,257 --> 00:11:50,627
The best and brightest
scientific minds
203
00:11:50,659 --> 00:11:51,879
jumped onto the project.
204
00:11:51,911 --> 00:11:55,261
(music tempo decreases)
205
00:11:56,432 --> 00:11:59,192
One of them was a geologist
named Ferdinand Hayden
206
00:12:01,153 --> 00:12:04,323
who in 1871 set his sights
on the Yellowstone region.
207
00:12:05,908 --> 00:12:07,308
No one had mapped the area
208
00:12:07,343 --> 00:12:10,203
he had heard so many
seemingly tall tales about.
209
00:12:12,064 --> 00:12:13,784
Hayden wanted to be
the first to do it.
210
00:12:13,816 --> 00:12:16,396
(vigorous music)
211
00:12:18,270 --> 00:12:23,110
He assembled a 32-man dream
team made up of geologists,
212
00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:28,130
mineralogists, botanists,
and zoologists.
213
00:12:30,082 --> 00:12:32,352
He also brought
along a photographer
214
00:12:32,384 --> 00:12:35,224
and a painter to
memorialize their findings.
215
00:12:36,455 --> 00:12:38,515
(horse whinnies)
216
00:12:38,557 --> 00:12:40,257
It took 27 horses,
217
00:12:41,393 --> 00:12:45,903
21 mules, and five wagons
to transport Hayden,
218
00:12:45,931 --> 00:12:48,001
the 31 men who joined him,
219
00:12:48,033 --> 00:12:49,873
and their gear
across the country.
220
00:12:49,902 --> 00:12:50,992
(hawk screeches)
221
00:12:51,020 --> 00:12:54,440
(vigorous music continues)
222
00:12:57,126 --> 00:12:59,356
Two journals that were
kept during the trip
223
00:12:59,395 --> 00:13:03,275
and 10 letters sent by Hayden
himself lasted through time,
224
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:07,140
providing us with vivid insight
225
00:13:08,087 --> 00:13:09,857
into the team's
historic journey.
226
00:13:09,889 --> 00:13:13,089
(birds chirping)
227
00:13:15,444 --> 00:13:18,204
(creature warbles)
228
00:13:19,582 --> 00:13:20,522
(elk squeals)
229
00:13:20,549 --> 00:13:23,149
(elk bugles)
230
00:13:25,421 --> 00:13:28,071
(uneasy music)
231
00:13:30,643 --> 00:13:34,213
(music intensity increases)
232
00:13:41,904 --> 00:13:43,294
They traveled for days
233
00:13:44,657 --> 00:13:47,857
(rapids rumbling)
234
00:13:47,893 --> 00:13:49,303
through jagged canyons
235
00:13:50,880 --> 00:13:51,900
and lush valleys.
236
00:13:51,931 --> 00:13:54,451
(gentle music)
237
00:13:56,552 --> 00:14:00,172
And on July 21st, 1871,
238
00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,440
they finally entered
Yellowstone itself.
239
00:14:04,860 --> 00:14:08,080
(water murmuring)
240
00:14:10,366 --> 00:14:13,086
(birds chirping)
241
00:14:14,436 --> 00:14:17,166
(water burbling)
242
00:14:20,809 --> 00:14:21,809
And soon after
243
00:14:21,844 --> 00:14:25,104
(mystifying music)
244
00:14:27,266 --> 00:14:30,716
they arrived at the spot that
immediately let them know
245
00:14:30,753 --> 00:14:33,113
Colter's Hell was very real.
246
00:14:38,210 --> 00:14:41,660
A giant complex of hot springs
on a mountain of travertine.
247
00:14:41,697 --> 00:14:45,267
(mystifying music continues)
248
00:14:47,386 --> 00:14:50,466
Mammoth Hot Springs was
created over thousands of years
249
00:14:53,876 --> 00:14:55,926
(water burbling)
250
00:14:55,961 --> 00:14:58,161
from cooling water
spouted from below.
251
00:15:03,586 --> 00:15:07,466
Over two tons of
calcium carbonate flows into Mammoth daily.
252
00:15:10,910 --> 00:15:12,650
And its Terrace
Mountain is the largest
253
00:15:12,678 --> 00:15:14,208
of its kind on earth.
254
00:15:14,830 --> 00:15:17,450
(birds chirping)
255
00:15:23,539 --> 00:15:26,189
(steady music)
256
00:15:29,295 --> 00:15:32,715
The photographers on the
expedition had a field day here
257
00:15:32,748 --> 00:15:36,148
(projector clicking)
258
00:15:39,471 --> 00:15:40,341
and still today,
259
00:15:41,340 --> 00:15:43,710
it's one of the most
photographed places
260
00:15:43,742 --> 00:15:45,632
in all of Yellowstone.
261
00:15:45,661 --> 00:15:49,211
(music intensity increases)
262
00:15:54,003 --> 00:15:55,903
Hayden's men camped nearby
263
00:15:55,938 --> 00:15:58,158
and studied the
feature for two days.
264
00:15:59,708 --> 00:16:02,408
(water burbling)
265
00:16:04,196 --> 00:16:06,196
They met two squatters
who had big plans
266
00:16:06,231 --> 00:16:08,421
to cash in on the
unique geology.
267
00:16:11,670 --> 00:16:14,170
JC McCartney and HR Horr
268
00:16:15,607 --> 00:16:18,157
had laid claim to 320 acres
269
00:16:19,294 --> 00:16:22,554
and established a ranch and
bathhouse near Liberty Cap.
270
00:16:22,581 --> 00:16:25,221
(primal music)
271
00:16:27,553 --> 00:16:31,493
They planned to market the
water as having healing powers.
272
00:16:31,523 --> 00:16:34,233
(water swashing)
273
00:16:36,128 --> 00:16:38,258
Hayden knew they would
destroy the area,
274
00:16:40,282 --> 00:16:42,382
but he didn't know how
he would stop them.
275
00:16:44,603 --> 00:16:46,263
For that plan to solidify,
276
00:16:47,172 --> 00:16:49,512
they had to push deeper
into the strange land,
277
00:16:52,127 --> 00:16:53,857
see what else it had to offer.
278
00:16:53,896 --> 00:16:56,516
(birds chirping)
279
00:17:03,539 --> 00:17:06,259
(water burbling)
280
00:17:09,328 --> 00:17:12,228
They continued their march
into the pristine valleys.
281
00:17:13,615 --> 00:17:16,685
(bird chirping)
282
00:17:16,719 --> 00:17:20,339
(bison bellows)
283
00:17:20,372 --> 00:17:24,632
Instantly, they were floored
by the abundance of wildlife,
284
00:17:24,660 --> 00:17:27,410
(creature whooping)
285
00:17:29,565 --> 00:17:31,945
(elk squealing)
286
00:17:31,984 --> 00:17:34,324
particularly the massive
population of elk.
287
00:17:38,424 --> 00:17:41,434
(elk bugles)
288
00:17:41,460 --> 00:17:44,030
(elk squealing)
289
00:17:48,350 --> 00:17:53,270
The elk herds are a stunning
sight for the tourists today.
290
00:17:53,822 --> 00:17:56,362
(tourists chattering)
291
00:17:59,595 --> 00:18:00,405
But to Hayden's men,
292
00:18:03,782 --> 00:18:05,282
they were a steady
source of food.
293
00:18:06,602 --> 00:18:09,242
(elk bellows)
294
00:18:10,172 --> 00:18:12,412
Long days of trekking
over difficult terrain
295
00:18:14,042 --> 00:18:16,362
had the men thinking
with their stomachs often
296
00:18:18,397 --> 00:18:21,397
even when they encountered the
park's most feared predators.
297
00:18:21,433 --> 00:18:23,503
(uneasy music)
298
00:18:24,570 --> 00:18:28,010
Hunting is strictly prohibited
in Yellowstone today,
299
00:18:29,575 --> 00:18:33,305
but it takes a lot of food to
keep 32 hungry men motivated.
300
00:18:38,317 --> 00:18:40,437
And even grizzly bear
was on their menu.
301
00:18:42,488 --> 00:18:43,558
(elk bugles)
302
00:18:43,589 --> 00:18:46,289
(bird squawking)
303
00:18:47,943 --> 00:18:51,263
The pioneers had to eat
and they had to sleep,
304
00:18:54,066 --> 00:18:56,386
making their camps at
night in canvas tents
305
00:18:57,786 --> 00:18:59,436
hoping for a good night's rest.
306
00:19:01,990 --> 00:19:05,040
But in the wilderness,
sleeping isn't always easy.
307
00:19:06,528 --> 00:19:09,278
(creature yipping)
308
00:19:13,435 --> 00:19:15,365
(owl hooting)
309
00:19:15,404 --> 00:19:18,844
Boy, am I glad I chose to set
my tent right under a tree
310
00:19:18,874 --> 00:19:20,184
that houses the loudest owl
311
00:19:20,209 --> 00:19:21,759
in the continental
United States.
312
00:19:21,793 --> 00:19:24,463
(owl hooting)
313
00:19:24,496 --> 00:19:28,246
And always, always bring
earplugs when you go camping.
314
00:19:28,283 --> 00:19:31,103
That's a tip I wish
I'd remembered.
315
00:19:33,522 --> 00:19:35,792
I was doing some reading
316
00:19:35,824 --> 00:19:39,114
before I got my 17
minutes of sleep.
317
00:19:40,929 --> 00:19:42,459
This is Albert Peale's journal.
318
00:19:43,432 --> 00:19:46,502
He was a mineralogist on
expedition with Hayden.
319
00:19:47,603 --> 00:19:51,593
"This morning about one o'clock
we had quite an earthquake.
320
00:19:51,623 --> 00:19:54,933
(ground rumbling)
321
00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:57,250
"The first shock
lasted about 20 seconds
322
00:19:57,279 --> 00:20:00,349
"and was followed by
five or six shorter ones.
323
00:20:02,618 --> 00:20:04,198
(wolf howling)
324
00:20:04,236 --> 00:20:06,686
"Duncan who was on guard says
that the trees were shaking
325
00:20:06,722 --> 00:20:08,672
(ground rumbling)
326
00:20:08,707 --> 00:20:10,037
(horse neighing)
327
00:20:10,075 --> 00:20:11,875
"and that the horses
that were lying down
328
00:20:11,910 --> 00:20:13,410
"sprang to their feet."
329
00:20:14,696 --> 00:20:16,576
(horse neighing)
330
00:20:16,615 --> 00:20:19,295
(wolves howling)
331
00:20:22,070 --> 00:20:23,820
I've been through my fair
share of earthquakes,
332
00:20:23,855 --> 00:20:26,305
but one that lasts 20 seconds,
333
00:20:27,593 --> 00:20:28,333
that's a big one.
334
00:20:29,561 --> 00:20:32,461
I can't imagine anyone going
back to sleep after that.
335
00:20:34,633 --> 00:20:37,523
That was the first recorded
earthquake in Yellowstone.
336
00:20:38,971 --> 00:20:41,511
Now we know there are
as many as 3,000 a year.
337
00:20:42,691 --> 00:20:43,741
Some small,
338
00:20:43,775 --> 00:20:46,755
(unsettling music)
339
00:20:46,795 --> 00:20:48,075
some massive
340
00:20:50,582 --> 00:20:52,322
like the one in 1951.
341
00:20:54,603 --> 00:20:56,193
It was so strong
342
00:20:56,221 --> 00:20:59,291
that a 25-mile long section
of the park was pushed up
343
00:20:59,324 --> 00:21:02,334
40 feet in elevation
in just a few seconds.
344
00:21:05,814 --> 00:21:07,454
At a magnitude of 7.3,
345
00:21:09,334 --> 00:21:12,044
it is Yellowstone's
strongest earthquake
346
00:21:12,904 --> 00:21:14,664
at least on record.
347
00:21:14,690 --> 00:21:17,430
(unsettling music continues)
348
00:21:17,459 --> 00:21:20,579
Evidence of its destruction
can still be seen today
349
00:21:20,612 --> 00:21:21,382
at Quake Lake.
350
00:21:26,084 --> 00:21:29,044
A 170-foot deep body
of water that formed
351
00:21:29,071 --> 00:21:31,721
when a crumbling
mountain tumbled
352
00:21:31,757 --> 00:21:33,327
into the nearby Madison River.
353
00:21:37,963 --> 00:21:40,503
Today, legions of ghost
trees dot the lake.
354
00:21:42,901 --> 00:21:44,121
A stark reminder of
355
00:21:44,152 --> 00:21:47,142
how quickly the face of
Yellowstone can change.
356
00:21:48,790 --> 00:21:51,510
(geyser growling)
357
00:21:53,929 --> 00:21:57,319
(water murmuring)
358
00:21:57,349 --> 00:21:59,999
Earthquakes,
underground volcanoes,
359
00:22:00,035 --> 00:22:03,185
entire mountains
rising and falling,
360
00:22:05,057 --> 00:22:07,177
and here I am getting
rattled by an owl.
361
00:22:07,809 --> 00:22:10,429
(owl hooting)
362
00:22:12,681 --> 00:22:15,431
(creature yipping)
363
00:22:17,803 --> 00:22:20,443
(steady music)
364
00:22:25,861 --> 00:22:26,851
(bear grunts)
365
00:22:26,878 --> 00:22:27,878
(hawk screeches)
366
00:22:27,913 --> 00:22:31,123
(birds chirping)
367
00:22:32,734 --> 00:22:34,354
Despite the sleep deprivation
368
00:22:35,887 --> 00:22:37,487
the team continued
on their mission.
369
00:22:40,425 --> 00:22:43,925
And on July 25th, they
reached another stunning site:
370
00:22:43,962 --> 00:22:46,532
(waterfall roaring)
371
00:22:46,565 --> 00:22:47,715
Tower Falls.
372
00:22:47,749 --> 00:22:51,169
(music intensity increases)
373
00:22:55,824 --> 00:22:59,084
(waterfall roaring)
374
00:23:00,762 --> 00:23:02,202
A 132-foot drop
375
00:23:03,632 --> 00:23:06,352
(rapids rumbling)
376
00:23:09,137 --> 00:23:12,357
flanked on either side by
eroded pillars of volcanic rock.
377
00:23:22,918 --> 00:23:26,138
(rapids rumbling)
378
00:23:29,141 --> 00:23:31,661
Two days later they
reached the Upper Falls
379
00:23:31,693 --> 00:23:32,693
of the Yellowstone River.
380
00:23:32,727 --> 00:23:35,477
(suspenseful music)
381
00:23:41,853 --> 00:23:44,393
Teetering over a 109-foot drop,
382
00:23:51,813 --> 00:23:53,353
the precipice of
Upper Falls marks
383
00:23:53,381 --> 00:23:56,701
a dramatic geological shift
in the Yellowstone riverbed.
384
00:23:56,735 --> 00:23:59,395
(rapids rumbling)
385
00:24:01,022 --> 00:24:03,092
It's where hardened,
water-resistant lava flows
386
00:24:04,726 --> 00:24:06,226
give way to softer rock,
387
00:24:10,465 --> 00:24:15,245
a boundary set by volcanic
eruption over 450,000 years ago.
388
00:24:16,905 --> 00:24:20,175
(waterfall roaring)
389
00:24:22,360 --> 00:24:25,430
Hayden's team was humbled by
the spectacle in front of them.
390
00:24:27,749 --> 00:24:30,399
(uneasy music)
391
00:24:31,353 --> 00:24:34,073
But waterfalls were not
what they were seeking.
392
00:24:38,877 --> 00:24:40,047
They were looking for the source
393
00:24:40,078 --> 00:24:42,108
of the mighty Yellowstone River.
394
00:24:44,733 --> 00:24:45,983
And six miles upstream,
395
00:24:46,017 --> 00:24:48,847
(moves to resolute music)
396
00:24:48,887 --> 00:24:50,417
they found what they were after.
397
00:24:56,011 --> 00:24:59,451
On July 28, they arrived
at Yellowstone Lake.
398
00:25:03,785 --> 00:25:07,135
At 7,732 feet above sea level
399
00:25:07,939 --> 00:25:10,479
and covering 136 square miles,
400
00:25:12,110 --> 00:25:15,200
it is the largest body
of water in Yellowstone.
401
00:25:21,553 --> 00:25:24,823
In late July, Hayden and his
men set up camp by the lake.
402
00:25:24,856 --> 00:25:28,856
(tranquil music)
403
00:25:28,894 --> 00:25:30,864
They could see the
islands in the distance,
404
00:25:30,896 --> 00:25:32,226
but they didn't have a boat.
405
00:25:36,117 --> 00:25:38,497
When you're an explorer,
your job is to explore.
406
00:25:38,537 --> 00:25:40,207
(geese honking)
407
00:25:40,238 --> 00:25:43,138
You don't have something
you need, build it.
408
00:25:43,975 --> 00:25:45,235
You don't know how,
409
00:25:45,277 --> 00:25:47,177
you better figure
it out pretty quick.
410
00:25:48,013 --> 00:25:49,453
And that's what they did.
411
00:25:50,532 --> 00:25:51,652
(birds chirping)
412
00:25:51,683 --> 00:25:54,253
(tree creaking)
413
00:25:55,854 --> 00:25:57,864
They used a fallen pine
414
00:25:57,889 --> 00:25:59,439
(crash booms)
415
00:25:59,474 --> 00:26:00,194
as the base
416
00:26:01,893 --> 00:26:04,103
and carved oars out of branches.
417
00:26:06,514 --> 00:26:08,024
Then they rigged up one
418
00:26:08,049 --> 00:26:11,139
of their blankets as a
sail and named her Annie.
419
00:26:13,021 --> 00:26:15,011
They placed Annie in the lake
420
00:26:15,040 --> 00:26:17,140
and crossed their
fingers that she'd hold.
421
00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:24,180
(water swashing)
(swan honking)
422
00:26:26,968 --> 00:26:31,008
(contemplative music)
423
00:26:31,039 --> 00:26:34,089
It's the true spirit
of an explorer,
424
00:26:37,012 --> 00:26:39,232
figuring things out on the fly,
425
00:26:41,032 --> 00:26:43,132
forging ahead with
no safety net,
426
00:26:44,519 --> 00:26:46,039
no guarantee of success.
427
00:26:46,071 --> 00:26:50,431
(contemplative music continues)
428
00:26:50,458 --> 00:26:53,178
(birds chirping)
429
00:26:57,916 --> 00:26:59,246
When I was younger,
430
00:27:02,003 --> 00:27:05,123
I wanted so much to
be on a lake by myself
431
00:27:08,743 --> 00:27:10,063
going somewhere
432
00:27:10,095 --> 00:27:13,895
that between the
ages of 7 and 18
433
00:27:13,932 --> 00:27:15,872
I built three different canoes,
434
00:27:15,900 --> 00:27:17,540
and they all looked horrible.
435
00:27:17,569 --> 00:27:19,319
They were all handmade.
436
00:27:19,354 --> 00:27:22,844
But I took the last one I
built down some of the rivers
437
00:27:22,874 --> 00:27:24,034
that Lewis and Clark went down,
438
00:27:24,059 --> 00:27:27,079
because it just
spoke to me out loud.
439
00:27:31,082 --> 00:27:32,902
I was determined
to be out there.
440
00:27:32,934 --> 00:27:36,194
(adventurous music)
441
00:27:37,839 --> 00:27:39,189
To experience the kind of thrill
442
00:27:39,224 --> 00:27:41,214
Hayden and his men
must have felt,
443
00:27:44,929 --> 00:27:47,019
just get in a boat and go.
444
00:27:47,716 --> 00:27:50,336
(eagle plopping)
445
00:27:54,189 --> 00:27:56,509
What Hayden found as
they sailed the Annie
446
00:27:58,309 --> 00:28:01,009
was an island they
described as a jungle
447
00:28:02,397 --> 00:28:05,077
(elk squealing)
448
00:28:06,568 --> 00:28:07,948
full of wild game.
449
00:28:07,986 --> 00:28:12,086
(adventurous music continues)
450
00:28:19,114 --> 00:28:22,124
Want to know the best part
about being an explorer?
451
00:28:22,150 --> 00:28:24,270
You get to name
things after yourself.
452
00:28:25,186 --> 00:28:28,236
Jim Stevenson was the
first one off the boat,
453
00:28:28,273 --> 00:28:31,163
so naturally they named
it Stevenson's Island.
454
00:28:37,932 --> 00:28:39,722
Hayden raved about
their discovery
455
00:28:39,751 --> 00:28:41,651
in a letter to the Smithsonian.
456
00:28:41,686 --> 00:28:45,286
(adventurous music continues)
457
00:28:47,242 --> 00:28:50,042
With a seaworthy
boat at his disposal,
458
00:28:51,262 --> 00:28:54,202
Hayden wanted to explore
and map the entire lake.
459
00:28:57,368 --> 00:29:00,108
The team sailed the Annie
to six other islands
460
00:29:02,373 --> 00:29:05,713
naming each one after
themselves or family members.
461
00:29:05,744 --> 00:29:09,354
(adventurous music continues)
462
00:29:17,405 --> 00:29:20,125
(birds chirping)
463
00:29:21,109 --> 00:29:23,089
After they finished
mapping the lake,
464
00:29:26,231 --> 00:29:28,831
Hayden and his team pushed
deeper into the strange land.
465
00:29:28,867 --> 00:29:31,397
(gentle music)
466
00:29:35,673 --> 00:29:37,063
They continued their mission
467
00:29:37,091 --> 00:29:39,081
of mapping a potential
route for the railroad
468
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:41,280
and collecting
geological samples,
469
00:29:46,301 --> 00:29:49,271
some of which gave the team
a sense that even John Colter
470
00:29:51,105 --> 00:29:53,155
was not the first to come here,
471
00:29:54,626 --> 00:29:56,126
not by a long shot.
472
00:29:57,879 --> 00:30:01,229
(fireplace crackling)
473
00:30:02,333 --> 00:30:05,343
One of the geological samples
that Hayden collected was
474
00:30:05,370 --> 00:30:10,070
an insanely sharp
hunk of geological glass called obsidian.
475
00:30:11,176 --> 00:30:13,276
That's what these
spearpoints are made from.
476
00:30:15,997 --> 00:30:17,547
I can touch these, right?
477
00:30:17,582 --> 00:30:20,152
- [Staff Member] Yeah.
478
00:30:20,185 --> 00:30:23,285
- Obsidian was used by
ancient peoples as weapons,
479
00:30:23,321 --> 00:30:27,391
because it can be made to be
sharper than any modern razor.
480
00:30:28,827 --> 00:30:30,377
This one was found
in New Mexico,
481
00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:35,380
and this one was found in Utah.
482
00:30:37,819 --> 00:30:38,469
And this one,
483
00:30:39,771 --> 00:30:42,141
this one was discovered in Ohio
484
00:30:43,007 --> 00:30:44,407
1,800 miles from here.
485
00:30:46,261 --> 00:30:48,311
You know what all
these have in common?
486
00:30:49,447 --> 00:30:52,997
They all came from a
single outcrop of obsidian
487
00:30:53,034 --> 00:30:54,824
that's right here
in Yellowstone.
488
00:30:54,853 --> 00:30:57,493
(lava gurgling)
489
00:30:57,522 --> 00:31:00,512
Obsidian is formed when
lava reaches the surface
490
00:31:00,542 --> 00:31:01,392
and cools rapidly.
491
00:31:04,929 --> 00:31:07,369
It usually breaks apart
during this process,
492
00:31:09,217 --> 00:31:12,197
which is why it's typically
found in small fragments.
493
00:31:16,424 --> 00:31:19,344
But Obsidian Cliff in
northwest Yellowstone
494
00:31:21,179 --> 00:31:24,349
is a 200-foot tall
outcrop of pure obsidian.
495
00:31:26,801 --> 00:31:28,491
It's a geological anomaly,
496
00:31:30,338 --> 00:31:32,668
and the mother lode
for hunter-gatherers
497
00:31:32,707 --> 00:31:34,257
in need of some new spears.
498
00:31:36,294 --> 00:31:39,164
Some of these spearpoints
are 11,000 years old.
499
00:31:40,915 --> 00:31:42,165
Think about that.
500
00:31:43,201 --> 00:31:46,101
11,000 years before
Hayden was even born
501
00:31:46,137 --> 00:31:48,267
Indigenous Americans
were using this land.
502
00:31:49,924 --> 00:31:51,514
I try to picture
it, try to imagine
503
00:31:51,542 --> 00:31:54,412
what the first Indigenous
people must have thought
504
00:31:54,445 --> 00:31:56,625
when they arrived here
thousands of years ago.
505
00:31:56,664 --> 00:31:59,104
(stampede rumbling)
506
00:31:59,133 --> 00:32:00,853
Bison as far as the eye can see.
507
00:32:00,885 --> 00:32:03,465
(wondrous music)
508
00:32:07,675 --> 00:32:09,185
Wooly mammoths.
509
00:32:12,013 --> 00:32:15,473
The earth rising, breathing.
510
00:32:18,486 --> 00:32:21,206
(birds chirping)
511
00:32:23,841 --> 00:32:26,411
All the obsidian
you could carry.
512
00:32:28,613 --> 00:32:29,383
Pretty cool.
513
00:32:32,850 --> 00:32:35,370
(perky music)
514
00:32:40,625 --> 00:32:43,745
(water burbling)
515
00:32:43,778 --> 00:32:45,648
The wooly mammoths are gone
516
00:32:45,680 --> 00:32:48,430
(waterfall roaring)
517
00:32:50,668 --> 00:32:53,268
(rapids rumbling)
518
00:32:53,304 --> 00:32:55,444
and roads and boardwalks
have been built.
519
00:32:57,692 --> 00:33:00,452
(tourists chattering)
520
00:33:01,896 --> 00:33:03,356
But in so many ways,
521
00:33:03,398 --> 00:33:06,178
Yellowstone is very much
the same place that it was
522
00:33:07,452 --> 00:33:10,372
when the first humans
found it 11,000 years ago.
523
00:33:14,542 --> 00:33:17,162
(lush music)
524
00:33:19,163 --> 00:33:23,173
That's because at some
point in August of 1871,
525
00:33:25,353 --> 00:33:28,313
Hayden and the 31 other
men that followed him
526
00:33:29,374 --> 00:33:32,314
started to realize their
mission to exploit the region
527
00:33:33,711 --> 00:33:35,401
was the wrong path.
528
00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:37,420
(elk bugles)
529
00:33:39,667 --> 00:33:42,397
(water murmuring)
530
00:33:43,504 --> 00:33:47,534
The samples they were collecting
would have a new purpose,
531
00:33:47,558 --> 00:33:50,108
(mystifying music)
532
00:33:50,144 --> 00:33:52,654
documentation of a
one of a kind place
533
00:33:52,680 --> 00:33:53,530
that needed to be preserved.
534
00:34:02,774 --> 00:34:04,984
They filled 45 large boxes with
535
00:34:05,009 --> 00:34:07,349
over a thousand
specimens of minerals,
536
00:34:09,597 --> 00:34:13,247
plants, and animal pelts.
537
00:34:16,888 --> 00:34:18,758
They shipped them off
to the Smithsonian
538
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:20,360
to be organized and cataloged.
539
00:34:22,944 --> 00:34:24,504
Hayden was starting
to build a case
540
00:34:26,047 --> 00:34:28,067
to convince the powers that be.
541
00:34:29,534 --> 00:34:31,754
(birds chirping)
542
00:34:31,786 --> 00:34:34,486
(bird screeching)
543
00:34:37,658 --> 00:34:40,308
(gentle music)
544
00:34:46,033 --> 00:34:50,203
On August 28, Hayden
posted a field report
545
00:34:50,238 --> 00:34:52,418
announcing the
completion of his survey.
546
00:34:59,113 --> 00:35:01,433
They'd finished their
journey into Colter's Hell,
547
00:35:08,539 --> 00:35:09,419
conquered the terrain,
548
00:35:12,126 --> 00:35:14,006
and scientifically
studied every inch
549
00:35:14,045 --> 00:35:15,405
of the Upper Yellowstone.
550
00:35:20,485 --> 00:35:23,485
But Hayden knew his greatest
work was still ahead of him.
551
00:35:23,521 --> 00:35:25,041
(daunting music)
552
00:35:25,072 --> 00:35:27,392
He had to convince Congress
553
00:35:27,425 --> 00:35:29,835
and even the President
of the United States
554
00:35:29,877 --> 00:35:32,127
to do something
that no one anywhere
555
00:35:32,163 --> 00:35:34,433
in the world had
ever done before:
556
00:35:36,450 --> 00:35:38,690
(birds chirping)
557
00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:41,419
protect a huge piece of land.
558
00:35:41,455 --> 00:35:43,605
(elk squeals)
559
00:35:43,641 --> 00:35:46,791
(water burbling)
560
00:35:46,828 --> 00:35:49,928
(wolf barks)
561
00:35:49,964 --> 00:35:52,104
Preserve it for
future generations.
562
00:35:53,568 --> 00:35:55,838
(pups yelping)
563
00:35:55,870 --> 00:35:57,360
Don't let them mine.
564
00:35:58,773 --> 00:36:00,063
Don't let them build.
565
00:36:02,810 --> 00:36:04,750
Just let it be.
566
00:36:04,779 --> 00:36:07,469
(birds chirping)
567
00:36:13,421 --> 00:36:16,291
The phrase "a picture is
worth a thousand words"
568
00:36:16,324 --> 00:36:20,434
wasn't unleashed into the
ether until the 1920s.
569
00:36:20,461 --> 00:36:22,131
(gentle music)
570
00:36:22,163 --> 00:36:25,023
But I think Hayden knew what
it meant long before that.
571
00:36:28,019 --> 00:36:29,719
He knew that all the
words in the report
572
00:36:29,754 --> 00:36:30,894
that he was planning to present
573
00:36:30,922 --> 00:36:34,042
to Congress were
just that, words.
574
00:36:35,259 --> 00:36:39,299
So as he made his pitch
to preserve Yellowstone,
575
00:36:40,748 --> 00:36:42,328
he saturated members of Congress
576
00:36:42,366 --> 00:36:45,396
with the photographs that
William Henry Jackson had taken,
577
00:36:48,539 --> 00:36:51,279
(projector clicking)
578
00:36:51,309 --> 00:36:53,479
watercolors that Thomas
Moran had painted.
579
00:36:59,016 --> 00:37:02,146
Suddenly, Colter's Hell
wasn't just the work
580
00:37:02,186 --> 00:37:04,266
of one mountain
man's imagination.
581
00:37:05,907 --> 00:37:07,327
It was all very real.
582
00:37:09,927 --> 00:37:11,977
And enough members of Congress
583
00:37:12,013 --> 00:37:14,153
and the Senate saw the
beauty in this place
584
00:37:14,181 --> 00:37:17,101
to pass the
Yellowstone Park Bill
585
00:37:19,353 --> 00:37:20,473
in record time.
586
00:37:20,504 --> 00:37:23,114
(inspired music)
587
00:37:25,509 --> 00:37:28,709
It was signed into law by
President Ulysses S. Grant
588
00:37:28,746 --> 00:37:31,376
on March 1st, 1872,
589
00:37:33,317 --> 00:37:36,617
and the planet's first
national park was created.
590
00:37:36,654 --> 00:37:39,464
(tourists chattering)
591
00:37:45,513 --> 00:37:49,103
Today, about 4 million people
visit Yellowstone each year.
592
00:37:53,804 --> 00:37:56,114
And in the 150 years
593
00:37:57,725 --> 00:37:58,835
since Hayden did what he did,
594
00:37:58,876 --> 00:38:02,006
(sprightly music)
595
00:38:02,046 --> 00:38:05,446
422 more parks have
been created in the US
596
00:38:08,936 --> 00:38:12,016
spanning 84 million
acres of pristine land.
597
00:38:15,793 --> 00:38:17,303
Countries all over the world
598
00:38:18,312 --> 00:38:20,402
looked at what was
done here and thought,
599
00:38:21,832 --> 00:38:23,992
"Hey, that's a
pretty good idea."
600
00:38:24,018 --> 00:38:28,588
(music intensity increases)
601
00:38:28,622 --> 00:38:30,342
(elephant bellows)
602
00:38:30,374 --> 00:38:33,944
There are now 4,000
national parks worldwide.
603
00:38:33,978 --> 00:38:37,478
(sea creature vocalizing)
604
00:38:39,667 --> 00:38:41,417
15% of the earth's land
605
00:38:46,824 --> 00:38:48,494
and 10% of the
waters are protected.
606
00:38:54,415 --> 00:38:57,025
(crash booms)
607
00:39:00,521 --> 00:39:03,271
(gentle music)
608
00:39:03,307 --> 00:39:05,807
The National Park
Service has been deemed
609
00:39:05,843 --> 00:39:07,413
America's best idea,
610
00:39:09,630 --> 00:39:11,600
(bear grunts)
611
00:39:11,632 --> 00:39:12,402
but really
612
00:39:15,052 --> 00:39:17,342
it seems like the
world's best idea.
613
00:39:19,357 --> 00:39:22,087
(birds chirping)
614
00:39:23,844 --> 00:39:25,504
I think we'd all like to dream
615
00:39:25,529 --> 00:39:28,629
that we can leave the world a
better place than we found it.
616
00:39:28,666 --> 00:39:31,346
(inspired music)
617
00:39:33,454 --> 00:39:36,174
(geyser growling)
618
00:39:39,543 --> 00:39:42,133
(bison bellows)
619
00:39:44,065 --> 00:39:45,895
This is the story of
some people who did.
620
00:39:45,933 --> 00:39:57,993
(inspired music continues)
621
00:39:58,043 --> 00:40:02,593
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