Original subtitles

In winter, another problem for the military is the weather,

with average winter temperatures in Ukraine ranging from -9° to +2° C.

The main problem is the wet-cold weather, hence the mud, mush from the snow, and so on.

The impact of winter on hostilities is quite serious and varies from changes in tactics,

logistics and targeted actions of the general staff.

The attacking side generally has much slower action, the side that is defended is in a more

advantageous position, as the defense is easier to defend and the supply routes are established.

For the advancing troops, all this needs to be developed as they move forward.

Vehicles face mobility issues in freezing weather: snow chains may be required for

wheeled vehicles, and diesel engines are less likely to start in cold weather.

The frosts and thaws of the Ukrainian winter limit the use of country roads and fields for

the advance of wheeled vehicles. Past videos have included footage of vehicles getting

stuck in the mud and unable to get out. This is especially true in the southern regions,

where the ground is at a lower elevation and has a higher water table . Therefore,

it is necessary to use asphalt roads for movement, which reduces the space for maneuvering.

The way to deal with this problem is through reorganization. The attacking forces cannot be

deployed on a broad front, the Ukrainian army needs to break into smaller combat groups.

Good communication with fire support assets is necessary, while at the same time,

tanks and Infantry fighting vehicle can provide direct fire support to the advancing infantry.

Wet terrain will also affect artillery, "shoot and run" tactics will not be particularly effective,

with snow, ice and low temperatures affecting ammunition and military equipment.

It's not just ground operations that are affected by the weather.

Because temperatures fluctuate around zero, there will likely be a reduction in air support missions

and UAV flights for both reconnaissance and attack. Unstable weather reduces raid times

as visibility is reduced due to fog and snow.

But not only equipment suffers from the cold,

it is also much harder for people at the front in the winter. Because of the

frequent freeze-thaw cycles, clothing and equipment get wet and damp all the time.

The cold and damp can put soldiers at risk of frostbite in their feet, hypothermia, and death.