All language subtitles for Acid Base Balance, Animation.-VzEEs00v-JU

Phs an indicator of acidity.

The body's blood ph is strictly regulated
with and a narrow range between seven point

three five and seven
point four five.

This is because even a minor change in
acidity may have devastating effects on

protein stability and
biochemical processes.

Normal cellular metabolism constantly
produce uses and excretes carbon dioxide into

the blood.

Carbon dioxide combines with water to
make carbonic acid which dissociate into

hydrogen ions and bicarbonate.

This is an equilibrium meaning all of
the components of the left and right sides

coexist at all times

and the concentration of any comps conant
is determined by that of others at any

given moment.

The rule of thumb is

an

increase in concentration of any component
on one side will shift the equation to the

other side

leading to increased concentrations of
all components on that side and vice versa.

This equilibrium is central to
undersea hand acid base regulation.

Continued carbon dioxide production by all
cells of the body drives the equilibrium

to the right

to generate more hydrogen ions.

Because ph is basically a function
of hydrogen ion concentration

more hydrogen means
higher acidity and lower ph.

Normal metabolism therefore
constantly makes the blood more acidic.

The body must react to keep the
blood ph within the normal limits.

This is achieved
by to mechanisms.

Elimination of carbon
dioxide through exhalation.

The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled by the
lungs is regulated in response to changes

in acidity.

A decrease in phs sense by central or
arterial chemo receptors and leads to deeper

fast her breathing

more carbon dioxide is exhaled

less hydrogen is made

blood acidity decreases

and blood ph returns to normal.

Pulmonary regulation is fast

use really effective
within minutes to hours.

Excretion of hydrogen ions and reabsorption
of bicarbonate through the kidneys.

The kidneys control blood ph by adjusting
the amount of excrete at acids and

reabsorbed by carbonate

Reno regulation is slower

it usually takes days to
respond to ph destroy urban says.

Although all of the plasma bicarbonate is
filtered in the glomerulus during the first

step of your information

virtually all of it is
reabsorbed back into the blood.

Most of this reabsorption
happens in the proximal tubule.

The amount of reabsorbed by carbonate
in the proximal tubule is regulated it via

number of mechanisms in
response to changes in blood ph

it increases during acid loads
and decreases during alkali loads.

While the proximal tubule basically returns
filtered by carbonate back to the blood

the downstream collecting duct generates
new bicarbonate by actively secrete

acids.

As protons are depleted
from the distal tubular cells

the equation shifts to the right

producing more bicarbonate
which then exits into the blood

hydrogen ions secreted into the lumen
combine with urinary buffers mainly filtered

phosphate and ammonia
to be excreted in urine.

The ammonia offering system is particularly
important because unlike phosphate which

has filtered in fixed
amounts from the plasma

and can be depleted
during high acid loads

ammonia production is regulated in
response to changes in acidity and its

concentration may increase several fold
when necessary blood ph is the main reggae

slater of acid excretion but potassium
chloride concentrations and several hormones

also play important roles.

Pathologic changes may
cause acid based disturbances.

Acidosis refers to a process that causes
increased acidity while alkalosis refers to

one that causes
increased alkalinity yeah.

It's not uncommon for a patient to have
several processes going on at once some of

them in opposite directions

the resulting plasma
ph may be normal.

Too acidic called academia

or two basic called

al khali Mia.

Acidosis may result from inadequate function
of the law young's which causes arterial

carbon dioxide to accumulate.

This is respiratory acidosis

on the other hand metabolic acidosis
may result from excessive production of

metabolic acids

ingestion of acids

decreased ability of the
kidneys to excrete acids

or loss of alkali

metabolic acidosis this is characterized
by primary decrease in plasma bicarbonate.

Alkalosis can also be either
respiratory or metabolic

respiratory alkalosis is caused by
increased ventilation resulting in excessive

exhalation of carbon dioxide.

Metabolic alkalosis can result from excess
loss of acids through the key kidneys or

gastrointestinal tract

bicarbonate retention

or ingestion of alkali.

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by
primary increase in plasma bicarbonate.

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