Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:33,626 --> 00:00:36,042
(Narrator) In March 1933,
2
00:00:36,167 --> 00:00:44,417
17,264,296 Germans
voted for the National Socialist Party.
3
00:00:45,459 --> 00:00:50,709
20,680,000 others
cast their vote for Democrats,
4
00:00:50,834 --> 00:00:55,834
Communists, Christian Socialists,
People's Party, etc. etc.
5
00:00:57,001 --> 00:01:02,001
Lack of unity among these parties
opposing the Nazis proved fatal.
6
00:01:02,126 --> 00:01:04,751
The National Socialist Party
was in power.
7
00:01:48,459 --> 00:01:51,376
They made many claims
and many promises.
8
00:01:52,626 --> 00:01:55,334
'The German people rejoice
9
00:01:55,459 --> 00:01:59,834
'in the knowledge
that chaos and cowardice
10
00:01:59,959 --> 00:02:05,626
'have been replaced
by a calm, steadfast leader.'
11
00:02:07,376 --> 00:02:11,667
(Narrator) The German people had
embarked on that long, incredible journey
12
00:02:11,792 --> 00:02:16,167
that led seemingly out of chaos
to unprecedented triumph.
13
00:02:21,084 --> 00:02:23,959
Promise after promise
had been fulfilled.
14
00:02:24,667 --> 00:02:27,667
Austria and Czechoslovakia 1938,
15
00:02:27,792 --> 00:02:30,167
Poland 1939,
16
00:02:30,292 --> 00:02:33,542
Norway, Denmark and France
in quick succession.
17
00:02:34,542 --> 00:02:37,167
A place in the sun at last.
18
00:02:38,251 --> 00:02:41,959
True, they had lost their Trade Unions
and a lot of books had been burned,
19
00:02:42,584 --> 00:02:44,792
but it seemed a good sort of bargain,
20
00:02:44,917 --> 00:02:48,084
and one got to like
being told what to do,
21
00:02:48,209 --> 00:02:51,042
having one's views prescribed,
22
00:02:51,167 --> 00:02:53,584
especially if it meant a vista bright
23
00:02:53,709 --> 00:02:57,334
with the promise of grandeur
and conquest.
24
00:03:57,542 --> 00:04:02,501
In the spring of 1945, the Allies,
advancing into the heart of Germany,
25
00:04:02,626 --> 00:04:04,501
came to Bergen-Base“.
26
00:04:05,459 --> 00:04:07,667
Neat and tidy orchards.
27
00:04:09,251 --> 00:04:12,292
Well-stocked farms lined the wayside.
28
00:04:13,917 --> 00:04:18,834
And the British soldier did not fail
to admire the place and its inhabitants.
29
00:04:19,834 --> 00:04:23,834
At least until he began to feel a smell.
30
00:04:25,376 --> 00:04:28,209
It came from a concentration camp,
31
00:04:28,334 --> 00:04:31,251
a waste ringed with barbed wire
32
00:04:31,376 --> 00:04:33,334
and overlooked by watchtowers.
33
00:04:38,584 --> 00:04:43,001
Coming in from the flowering countryside,
in spite of the frightful smell,
34
00:04:43,126 --> 00:04:45,626
things didn't seem so bad at first.
35
00:04:45,751 --> 00:04:48,167
Children smiled through the barbed wire
36
00:04:48,292 --> 00:04:51,126
and women laughed
and waved their hands.
37
00:05:01,376 --> 00:05:05,417
But Belsen camp was vast
and inside was a different story.
38
00:05:06,459 --> 00:05:08,042
They had not eaten for six days,
39
00:05:08,167 --> 00:05:12,042
and every soldier's stock of food
was called into use.
40
00:05:12,167 --> 00:05:13,792
Water too had been cut off
41
00:05:13,917 --> 00:05:17,584
and so the water cart was
the most important thing to arrive.
42
00:05:32,209 --> 00:05:34,876
Most of the people
seemed to be listless,
43
00:05:35,001 --> 00:05:37,501
beyond hope and astonishment.
44
00:05:38,126 --> 00:05:41,126
Hunger had probably
affected them that way.
45
00:05:41,251 --> 00:05:43,792
We discovered that among this stench
of disease and decay
46
00:05:43,917 --> 00:05:46,209
was something
a bit worse than hunger.
47
00:05:47,334 --> 00:05:50,834
Moving vaguely
on rickety skeleton legs,
48
00:05:50,959 --> 00:05:52,626
they were too ill to eat.
49
00:05:53,751 --> 00:05:57,209
How grateful they were
for a kindly word or gesture!
50
00:06:04,792 --> 00:06:08,792
What misery, to live amongst
such unmentionable filth
51
00:06:08,917 --> 00:06:11,251
with scarcely the strength
to pick the lice
52
00:06:11,376 --> 00:06:14,084
which inevitably swarmed over them.
53
00:06:14,209 --> 00:06:17,001
They seemed accustomed
to the smell and the horror.
54
00:06:17,126 --> 00:06:20,042
They had seen all there was to see.
55
00:06:20,792 --> 00:06:23,126
This man had died by violence.
56
00:06:24,167 --> 00:06:26,917
Huts were almost impossible
to go near-
57
00:06:27,042 --> 00:06:29,459
they were full of
tangled masses of people
58
00:06:29,584 --> 00:06:33,542
who had died slowly and painfully
of starvation and disease,
59
00:06:33,667 --> 00:06:35,167
writhing in agony,
60
00:06:35,292 --> 00:06:37,501
helpless in puddles of excrement.
61
00:06:39,042 --> 00:06:42,126
It was difficult to imagine
these orchards now,
62
00:06:42,251 --> 00:06:47,084
those rich fields where the stolid cattle
cropped the juicy grass,
63
00:06:47,209 --> 00:06:51,084
for here, a few minutes away
inside the barbed wire,
64
00:06:51,209 --> 00:06:53,667
was nothing but filth and death.
65
00:07:07,542 --> 00:07:11,376
Dead prisoners hurled out
and stacked in twisted heaps.
66
00:07:15,459 --> 00:07:18,876
Dead women like
marble statues in the mire.
67
00:07:25,459 --> 00:07:29,584
This was what these inmates
had to live among -
68
00:07:29,709 --> 00:07:31,834
and die among.
69
00:07:51,084 --> 00:07:55,209
The dead which lay there
were not numbered in hundreds,
70
00:07:55,334 --> 00:07:56,959
but in thousands.
71
00:07:57,626 --> 00:07:59,834
Not one or two thousands,
72
00:08:00,667 --> 00:08:02,376
but 30,000.
73
00:08:06,584 --> 00:08:10,917
Here is a pit where the inmates,
in order to earn food,
74
00:08:11,042 --> 00:08:13,709
had to drag the bodies
of their comrades,
75
00:08:14,209 --> 00:08:18,292
but they were too weak to keep up
with the rate at which they were dying,
76
00:08:18,417 --> 00:08:21,751
so the pit remains only half-filled.
77
00:08:34,959 --> 00:08:37,542
The SS Guards
in charge of the camp
78
00:08:37,667 --> 00:08:40,459
were captured
and lined up for examination.
79
00:08:41,126 --> 00:08:44,459
Their papers were gone through
to confirm their status,
80
00:08:44,584 --> 00:08:46,084
their authority.
81
00:08:46,209 --> 00:08:49,084
Each with his death's head badge.
82
00:08:49,209 --> 00:08:51,709
Each justified by German law.
83
00:08:52,459 --> 00:08:56,334
They were unashamed, well-fed,
well-dressed and cheerful.
84
00:09:05,126 --> 00:09:08,042
There were women
also on guard in Belsen.
85
00:09:08,167 --> 00:09:10,959
Volunteers who came
of their own free will,
86
00:09:11,084 --> 00:09:12,959
to do their bit.
87
00:09:13,792 --> 00:09:16,542
Not sickly pale with hollow faces,
and hungry eyes,
88
00:09:17,292 --> 00:09:21,292
but well-fed and well-kept
with a strutting arrogance.
89
00:09:25,959 --> 00:09:27,834
The commandant of the camp,
Josef Kramer,
90
00:09:27,959 --> 00:09:32,209
was removed for trial as a war criminal
by an Allied Military Court.
91
00:09:33,542 --> 00:09:34,751
There was an urgent need
92
00:09:34,876 --> 00:09:38,001
to get rid of as many bodies as possible
as quickly as possible,
93
00:09:38,126 --> 00:09:39,917
so all the S.S. were set to work.
94
00:09:49,251 --> 00:09:51,876
500 Hungarian troops
captured with the S.S.
95
00:09:52,001 --> 00:09:54,834
were started
on a grave-digging operation.
96
00:10:14,084 --> 00:10:16,959
The 8.8. themselves
were made to do the unpleasant job
97
00:10:17,084 --> 00:10:19,292
they had forced the inmates to do.
98
00:10:20,167 --> 00:10:23,501
This after all was nothing
to these men -
99
00:10:23,626 --> 00:10:27,209
they, the Master Race,
had been taught to be hard.
100
00:10:27,334 --> 00:10:29,501
They could kill in cold blood,
101
00:10:29,626 --> 00:10:32,667
and it seemed to the British soldier
fit and proper that the killers
102
00:10:32,792 --> 00:10:35,667
should bury the nameless,
hopeless creatures
103
00:10:35,792 --> 00:10:38,334
they had starved to death.
104
00:11:03,084 --> 00:11:06,667
The faces of the bystanders
showed just a little of the hate
105
00:11:06,792 --> 00:11:09,167
that Germany has inspired.
106
00:11:14,126 --> 00:11:16,126
And some of the anguish, too.
107
00:14:25,959 --> 00:14:27,459
Meanwhile, back at the camp,
108
00:14:27,584 --> 00:14:30,709
those who were still living
were being attended to.
109
00:14:30,834 --> 00:14:32,917
Supplies of hot soup were prepared,
110
00:14:33,042 --> 00:14:37,001
and those who could eat unaided
were fed as quickly as possible.
111
00:14:53,667 --> 00:14:56,792
There had been no water supply
for six days.
112
00:14:56,917 --> 00:14:59,792
The Germans pleaded it had been cut.
113
00:14:59,917 --> 00:15:03,417
We laid on water in a few hours
and before 12 hours had passed
114
00:15:03,542 --> 00:15:06,209
had sufficient to enable them to wash.
115
00:15:09,876 --> 00:15:13,542
Soap was provided,
the first they had seen for months,
116
00:15:13,667 --> 00:15:16,209
and an orgy of washing ensued.
117
00:15:25,542 --> 00:15:30,376
A mobile bath unit was set up
and provided hot water for baths.
118
00:15:34,626 --> 00:15:36,834
Inmates thought
there was a snag at first -
119
00:15:36,959 --> 00:15:40,126
expected to be beaten
for going near it probably,
120
00:15:40,251 --> 00:15:42,501
but when they learned
that the dream was true -
121
00:15:43,542 --> 00:15:45,209
hot water!
122
00:16:37,042 --> 00:16:41,626
And these are the people
the Nazis said delighted in being dirty.
123
00:17:07,751 --> 00:17:10,667
But the job of clearing up Belsen
was a big one.
124
00:17:10,792 --> 00:17:14,376
After seven dreadful days,
the funerals still go on.
125
00:17:14,501 --> 00:17:16,084
There seems to be no end.
126
00:17:16,209 --> 00:17:19,167
The S.S. men are not so spick
and span now.
127
00:17:19,292 --> 00:17:21,542
Seven days of being shouted
and cursed at
128
00:17:21,667 --> 00:17:24,667
and handling corpses by the hundred
are beginning to tell.
129
00:17:26,084 --> 00:17:30,001
'Wait! You'll pay for the lost years
of our youth.
130
00:17:30,126 --> 00:17:31,626
'Just wait.'
131
00:17:36,334 --> 00:17:39,251
(Narrator) The Bürgermeisters
and Civil Officials of the neighbourhood
132
00:17:39,376 --> 00:17:41,917
were brought to witness
the scenes that had been caused
133
00:17:42,042 --> 00:17:44,292
as part of the Nazi scheme of things.
134
00:17:45,084 --> 00:17:47,626
This was not what they expected.
135
00:18:12,751 --> 00:18:15,126
It had been happening for years,
136
00:18:15,251 --> 00:18:17,417
but they shrugged their shoulders
and beat their brows
137
00:18:17,542 --> 00:18:20,417
and tried to say it had been
none of their business.
138
00:18:21,542 --> 00:18:23,876
But they were mostly silent.
139
00:20:16,584 --> 00:20:19,917
'My name is Dr Fritz Klein.
I'm a medical doctor.
140
00:20:20,042 --> 00:20:24,084
'I've been in concentration camps
for one and a half years.
141
00:20:24,209 --> 00:20:28,501
'I was born on 24th November 1888.
142
00:20:28,626 --> 00:20:30,917
'I'm 58 years old.
143
00:20:31,667 --> 00:20:33,709
'A German from Romania.
144
00:20:35,334 --> 00:20:40,751
'I'm speaking today,
24th April 1945.'
145
00:20:42,001 --> 00:20:44,292
(Narrator) They were given an address
by a British officer
146
00:20:44,417 --> 00:20:46,334
through a loudspeaker van.
147
00:20:48,459 --> 00:20:52,834
'You, the fathers and brothers
of German youth,
148
00:20:53,834 --> 00:20:59,751
'see before your eyes
a few of the sons and daughters
149
00:21:00,667 --> 00:21:07,792
'who bear a small part of the
direct responsibility for these crimes.
150
00:21:09,667 --> 00:21:11,959
'A small part,
151
00:21:12,084 --> 00:21:17,834
'but heavier than
the human soul can bear.
152
00:21:19,709 --> 00:21:22,542
'But who bears the real responsibility?
153
00:21:23,501 --> 00:21:28,042
'You! You, who have allowed
your Fuhrer
154
00:21:28,167 --> 00:21:33,001
'to carry out his insane plans.
155
00:21:33,876 --> 00:21:40,792
'You, who rejoiced
in his degenerate triumphs.
156
00:21:42,584 --> 00:21:47,501
'You, who had heard of these camps,
157
00:21:47,626 --> 00:21:54,417
'and so had a vague idea of
what was happening in these camps.
158
00:21:55,501 --> 00:22:01,001
'You, who did not rise spontaneously
159
00:22:01,126 --> 00:22:04,709
'to defend the German name,
160
00:22:04,834 --> 00:22:09,167
'regardless of the personal consequences.
161
00:22:11,251 --> 00:22:17,292
'You stand condemned
by what you are about to see here.
162
00:22:18,792 --> 00:22:23,501
'You will have to atone
by toil and sweat
163
00:22:23,626 --> 00:22:27,667
'for the deeds
of your sons and daughters,
164
00:22:27,792 --> 00:22:31,209
'for having reared your children
to be capable of doing these things,
165
00:22:31,334 --> 00:22:34,959
'and for what you have failed
to prevent.
166
00:22:36,501 --> 00:22:39,126
'Whatever you suffer...'
167
00:22:39,251 --> 00:22:41,834
(Narrator) One might ask
why all the inmates surviving
168
00:22:41,959 --> 00:22:46,417
were not removed out of the camp
altogether to a large town for example,
169
00:22:46,542 --> 00:22:49,501
where there would be feeding
and housing facilities.
170
00:22:49,626 --> 00:22:51,959
The answer is simply the dread word -
171
00:22:52,084 --> 00:22:53,376
typhus.
172
00:22:56,417 --> 00:23:00,459
A mobile Bacteriological Unit
and all medical aid possible
173
00:23:00,584 --> 00:23:03,376
together with 90 medical students
from London hospitals
174
00:23:03,501 --> 00:23:06,084
were rushed to the spot
to deal with it.
175
00:23:06,709 --> 00:23:09,792
Lack of soap and water
brought lice to the inmates,
176
00:23:09,917 --> 00:23:11,417
and lice carry typhus.
177
00:23:38,626 --> 00:23:42,626
To get rid of typhus,
one must first get rid of lice,
178
00:23:42,751 --> 00:23:45,876
so contaminated patients
were removed from their huts
179
00:23:46,001 --> 00:23:48,584
and put through a 'laundry' process.
180
00:23:49,876 --> 00:23:52,042
D.D.T. was dusted over them,
181
00:23:52,167 --> 00:23:55,292
and they were washed clean,
wrapped in blankets
182
00:23:55,417 --> 00:23:59,042
and removed in clean ambulances
by teams working in relays
183
00:23:59,167 --> 00:24:01,334
in a miracle of relief work.
184
00:25:06,417 --> 00:25:08,042
Two miles away from the camp
185
00:25:08,167 --> 00:25:12,251
was found a large S.S. Panzer
training school and hospital
186
00:25:12,376 --> 00:25:14,917
well-stocked with medical supplies.
187
00:25:15,626 --> 00:25:18,834
Strange that these should
not have been used by the Germans
188
00:25:18,959 --> 00:25:21,001
for the inmates.
189
00:25:21,126 --> 00:25:23,959
Scores still died every day.
190
00:25:24,084 --> 00:25:26,876
They were too far gone, many of them,
to digest any food,
191
00:25:27,584 --> 00:25:30,501
and there was a desperate shortage
of nursing staff.
192
00:25:30,626 --> 00:25:32,042
Still, one could be thankful
193
00:25:32,167 --> 00:25:35,376
that they were not simply being left
to rot away with neglect
194
00:25:35,501 --> 00:25:38,126
among a purulent mass of corpses.
195
00:25:39,459 --> 00:25:41,834
There were children, too,
in Belsen camp,
196
00:25:41,959 --> 00:25:44,667
though what crime they had committed
was difficult to imagine.
197
00:25:45,751 --> 00:25:48,709
Most of them had been saved
by the women inmates
198
00:25:48,834 --> 00:25:52,834
who gave up what little food
they could get to the children.
199
00:26:10,834 --> 00:26:14,709
Meals for these children had
always been few and far between,
200
00:26:14,834 --> 00:26:18,292
so they ate what food we gave them
with infinite care -
201
00:26:18,417 --> 00:26:19,876
nothing could be more dreadful now
202
00:26:20,001 --> 00:26:23,584
than to lose a piece of potato
or a drop of soup.
203
00:26:31,626 --> 00:26:36,917
Clothes was another urgent problem,
so an outfitting department was set up,
204
00:26:37,042 --> 00:26:40,084
and clothes gathered from shops
in the surrounding towns
205
00:26:40,209 --> 00:26:43,459
were soon being tried on
and gossiped over,
206
00:26:43,584 --> 00:26:45,084
as women love to do.
207
00:27:11,459 --> 00:27:14,709
There was something symbolic
about new clothes.
208
00:27:14,834 --> 00:27:17,459
New clothes meant renewed hope.
209
00:27:17,584 --> 00:27:19,959
They donned them with pride.
210
00:27:20,376 --> 00:27:24,001
Now he can look forward to growing up
to useful manhood.
211
00:27:28,501 --> 00:27:31,667
There were more than 200 children
under 12 years old
212
00:27:31,792 --> 00:27:34,167
found still alive in Belsen camp.
213
00:27:37,751 --> 00:27:42,209
To these children, clean dry clothes
and kind words from a stranger
214
00:27:42,334 --> 00:27:45,584
were strange, undreamed of,
mysterious things.
215
00:27:47,167 --> 00:27:50,584
Some had been born
behind the barbed wire -
216
00:27:50,709 --> 00:27:54,709
in what circumstances,
one dare not try to imagine.
217
00:28:09,667 --> 00:28:11,834
Where are their parents?
218
00:28:14,751 --> 00:28:16,626
Here perhaps?
219
00:28:31,001 --> 00:28:32,459
Or here?
220
00:28:48,126 --> 00:28:50,626
Or down here in this pit?
221
00:29:05,251 --> 00:29:08,459
'Today is the 24th April, 1945.
222
00:29:08,584 --> 00:29:11,126
'My name is Gunner Illingworth
and I live at Cheshire.
223
00:29:11,251 --> 00:29:15,167
'I'm at present in Belsen camp,
doing guard duty over the S.S. men.
224
00:29:15,292 --> 00:29:18,917
'The things in this camp
are beyond describing.
225
00:29:19,042 --> 00:29:22,709
'When you actually see them for yourself,
you know what you are fighting for here.
226
00:29:22,834 --> 00:29:26,376
'Pictures in the papers
cannot describe it at all.
227
00:29:26,501 --> 00:29:29,042
'The things they have committed, well,
228
00:29:29,167 --> 00:29:31,792
'nobody would think
they were human at all.
229
00:29:33,126 --> 00:29:35,459
'We actually know now
230
00:29:35,584 --> 00:29:38,084
'what has been going on
in these camps.
231
00:29:38,209 --> 00:29:41,834
'And I know, personally,
what I am fighting for.'
232
00:29:43,084 --> 00:29:45,792
'I am the Reverend T.J. Stretch.
233
00:29:45,917 --> 00:29:50,917
'Attached as Padre to the formation
controlling this camp.
234
00:29:51,042 --> 00:29:52,876
'My home is at Fishguard.
235
00:29:53,001 --> 00:29:56,042
'My parish is at Holy Trinity Church,
Aberystwyth.
236
00:29:57,376 --> 00:29:59,417
'I've been here eight days,
237
00:29:59,542 --> 00:30:02,876
'and never in my life have I seen
such damnable ghastliness.
238
00:30:04,001 --> 00:30:06,417
'This morning we buried
over 5,000 bodies.
239
00:30:06,542 --> 00:30:08,626
'We don't know who they are.
240
00:30:08,751 --> 00:30:12,876
'Behind me you can see a pit,
which will contain another 5,000.
241
00:30:13,001 --> 00:30:15,751
'There are two others like it
in preparation.
242
00:30:16,667 --> 00:30:20,042
'All these deaths have been caused
by systematic starvation
243
00:30:20,167 --> 00:30:22,209
'and typhus and disease,
244
00:30:22,334 --> 00:30:24,084
'which have been spread
245
00:30:24,209 --> 00:30:27,584
'because of the treatment meted out
to these poor people
246
00:30:27,709 --> 00:30:30,792
'by their S.S. guards
and their S.S. chief.'
247
00:30:33,834 --> 00:30:37,126
(Narrator) We shall never know who they
were or from what homes they were torn.
248
00:30:38,542 --> 00:30:41,584
Whether they were Catholics,
Lutherans, or Jews.
249
00:30:42,542 --> 00:30:44,417
We only know they were born,
250
00:30:44,542 --> 00:30:48,167
they suffered and died in agony
in Belsen camp.
251
00:31:18,334 --> 00:31:23,376
And so they lie,
Jews, Lutherans and Catholics -
252
00:31:23,501 --> 00:31:27,917
indistinguishable, cheek to cheek,
in a common grave.
253
00:31:36,209 --> 00:31:39,042
The living have been taken
to a cleaner place.
254
00:31:57,167 --> 00:31:59,876
The typhus infected huts are set afire.
255
00:33:09,751 --> 00:33:11,959
The barbed wire goes down.
256
00:33:16,667 --> 00:33:19,209
The striped livery goes with it.
257
00:33:25,709 --> 00:33:29,876
Soon the fire will die,
the smoke and ashes will drift away,
258
00:33:30,001 --> 00:33:32,334
and grass will cover the place.
259
00:33:55,626 --> 00:33:58,084
Do not imagine
this was the only black spot
260
00:33:58,209 --> 00:34:00,542
that was uncovered in Germany.
261
00:34:06,667 --> 00:34:09,042
There were over 300 others.
262
00:34:26,834 --> 00:34:30,167
No German can say
he did not know about them.
263
00:34:30,292 --> 00:34:32,751
The whole world
had heard of Dachau,
264
00:34:32,876 --> 00:34:35,834
for it was publicised by the Nazis
as a model camp
265
00:34:35,959 --> 00:34:39,167
even since its inception
way back in 1933.
266
00:34:40,167 --> 00:34:44,001
On 28th February of that year,
the Presidential Emergency Decree
267
00:34:44,126 --> 00:34:47,292
suspended the basic civil rights
of the German people
268
00:34:47,417 --> 00:34:49,501
for an indeterminate period
269
00:34:49,626 --> 00:34:54,042
and so eliminated legal safeguards
against arbitrary imprisonment.
270
00:35:03,834 --> 00:35:06,584
WORK SETS YOU FREE
271
00:35:16,209 --> 00:35:21,334
Here were 32,000 men
of every European nationality,
272
00:35:21,459 --> 00:35:25,417
including 5,660 Germans.
273
00:35:52,876 --> 00:35:55,459
From the outside,
one might at a casual glance
274
00:35:55,584 --> 00:35:58,667
have seen nothing remarkable
or horrifying,
275
00:35:58,792 --> 00:36:01,584
but Dachau was crammed
with three or four times
276
00:36:01,709 --> 00:36:04,084
the number it was designed for.
277
00:37:09,834 --> 00:37:13,584
Here, as at Belsen,
men knew hunger,
278
00:37:13,709 --> 00:37:16,959
men became weak,
men fell sick,
279
00:37:17,084 --> 00:37:19,292
until they died where they lay
on the floor.
280
00:37:41,459 --> 00:37:45,251
In Hut 30 alone,
there is recorded, for example,
281
00:37:45,376 --> 00:37:48,292
72 deaths within 24 hours.
282
00:37:57,584 --> 00:38:00,751
Every day, the dead
were taken from the huts.
283
00:38:32,459 --> 00:38:36,376
Here, as at Belsen, there were many
who were too weak to be saved,
284
00:38:36,501 --> 00:38:38,334
too sick to eat.
285
00:38:38,459 --> 00:38:41,959
Typhus was taking its toll
and truckloads of wretchedness
286
00:38:42,084 --> 00:38:46,417
had to be somehow dealt with
in the already overflowing hospitals.
287
00:39:28,709 --> 00:39:33,501
Dachau had its own brothel for the use
of guards and favoured prisoners.
288
00:39:33,626 --> 00:39:37,001
As the women died, they were replaced
by a fresh contingent
289
00:39:37,126 --> 00:39:39,834
from the women's camp at Ravensbrück.
290
00:39:55,917 --> 00:39:59,626
This was not used as a bath house,
but as a death chamber.
291
00:40:08,667 --> 00:40:11,751
Batches of prisoners
were marched in here to die.
292
00:40:27,501 --> 00:40:31,626
When the chamber was full,
the doors were shut and sealed.
293
00:40:32,334 --> 00:40:35,751
A man at the controls
let in the poison gas,
294
00:40:35,876 --> 00:40:38,084
and another batch of helpless victims
295
00:40:38,209 --> 00:40:41,209
screamed their lives out
beyond the grill.
296
00:40:47,834 --> 00:40:51,709
The gas chamber was conveniently
placed next to the mortuary,
297
00:40:51,834 --> 00:40:54,626
and next to that was the Crematorium.
298
00:40:57,334 --> 00:41:00,417
CLEANLINESS IS A DUTY HERE
299
00:41:00,542 --> 00:41:05,126
THEREFORE DO NOT FORGET
TO WASH YOUR HANDS
300
00:41:06,209 --> 00:41:09,167
These great ovens
were constructed exclusively
301
00:41:09,292 --> 00:41:11,459
for the burning
of large numbers of corpses.
302
00:41:24,709 --> 00:41:26,126
In the last three months,
303
00:41:26,251 --> 00:41:32,751
official records show that 10,615 people
were disposed of here.
304
00:41:32,876 --> 00:41:34,292
Their clothes were turned over
305
00:41:34,417 --> 00:41:37,876
to the Deutsche Textil-
und Bekleidungswerke GmbH,
306
00:41:38,001 --> 00:41:41,626
a private corporation
whose stockholders were S.S. officials,
307
00:41:41,751 --> 00:41:43,876
which reclaimed
and repaired the garments
308
00:41:44,001 --> 00:41:46,501
with the use of unpaid prison labour,
309
00:41:46,626 --> 00:41:49,417
and then re-sold them
to the camp clothing depot
310
00:41:49,542 --> 00:41:51,542
for the use of new prisoners.
311
00:41:58,751 --> 00:42:05,709
DANGER! GAS!
HAZARDOUS! DO NOT OPEN!
312
00:42:07,126 --> 00:42:10,626
The prisoners arrived often
in railway trucks.
313
00:42:10,751 --> 00:42:13,292
But there had been no hurry
to unload this one.
314
00:42:14,084 --> 00:42:16,667
They went away leaving
the prisoners to die of hunger,
315
00:42:16,792 --> 00:42:19,459
and cold, and typhus.
316
00:42:23,959 --> 00:42:25,542
We found them like this,
317
00:42:25,667 --> 00:42:29,792
frozen stiff in the snow
alongside a public road.
318
00:42:29,917 --> 00:42:33,042
By some miracle,
17 men were still alive.
319
00:42:34,084 --> 00:42:37,376
All the rest - about 3,000 - were dead.
320
00:42:43,167 --> 00:42:46,834
Germans knew about Dachau,
but did not care.
321
00:42:55,251 --> 00:42:57,834
In Buchenwald,
there were about 80,000
322
00:42:57,959 --> 00:43:03,084
of whom 34,000 were employed
outside the camp in an armaments factory.
323
00:43:03,209 --> 00:43:04,501
TO EACH HIS OWN
324
00:43:04,626 --> 00:43:06,167
During the first week of April,
325
00:43:06,292 --> 00:43:09,042
25,000 were removed by the Germans
to other camps
326
00:43:09,167 --> 00:43:11,792
because of the approach
of the Allied forces.
327
00:43:11,917 --> 00:43:14,501
When the camp was liberated
on April 13th,
328
00:43:14,626 --> 00:43:16,876
20,000 inmates remained.
329
00:43:17,001 --> 00:43:20,584
African Negroes,
Albanians, Austrians,
330
00:43:20,709 --> 00:43:25,917
Belgians, Brazilians, Bulgarians,
Canadians, Chinese,
331
00:43:26,042 --> 00:43:31,251
Croats, Czechs, Danes,
Egyptians, Estonians,
332
00:43:31,376 --> 00:43:36,667
French, Germans, British,
Greeks, Dutch, Italians,
333
00:43:37,209 --> 00:43:41,292
Yugoslavs, Latvians, Letts,
Luxembourgers,
334
00:43:41,417 --> 00:43:44,459
Norwegians, Mexicans, Poles,
335
00:43:44,584 --> 00:43:50,209
Romanians, Spaniards,
Swiss, Americans and Russians.
336
00:43:50,334 --> 00:43:53,876
55,000 of them died
because of this place.
337
00:43:54,001 --> 00:43:56,917
Here Schoker,
the camp commandant, said,
338
00:43:57,042 --> 00:44:02,501
"I want at least 600 Jewish deaths
reported in the camp office every day."
339
00:44:02,626 --> 00:44:05,792
Thugs were appointed
as overseers or block leaders.
340
00:44:05,917 --> 00:44:08,751
People were tattooed across the belly
with slave numbers
341
00:44:08,876 --> 00:44:12,001
and forced to work on starvation diet.
342
00:44:34,584 --> 00:44:38,167
People were coldly
and systematically tortured.
343
00:44:48,251 --> 00:44:51,459
There was no efficient
distribution of food.
344
00:44:51,584 --> 00:44:55,709
One prisoner collected the rations
for ten or fifteen men.
345
00:44:55,834 --> 00:44:59,917
Hunger and hopelessness
turned some of them into beasts.
346
00:45:00,042 --> 00:45:02,376
Sometimes a prisoner
carrying rations back to the hut
347
00:45:02,501 --> 00:45:05,001
was waylaid and robbed
by other prisoners.
348
00:45:06,084 --> 00:45:09,376
Sometimes he ate the best part
of the food himself.
349
00:45:10,209 --> 00:45:12,042
Sometimes he sold it.
350
00:45:13,667 --> 00:45:17,959
Corruption was fostered,
for it gave another excuse for killing.
351
00:45:36,292 --> 00:45:39,751
All this seemed so remote
from humanity,
352
00:45:39,876 --> 00:45:43,001
so far beyond the behaviour of man.
353
00:46:23,084 --> 00:46:26,667
British Members of Parliament
came and saw,
354
00:46:26,792 --> 00:46:29,501
and were sick at heart.
355
00:46:29,626 --> 00:46:32,042
It had to be seen to be believed.
356
00:46:45,626 --> 00:46:48,542
German citizens
were brought in from Weimar.
357
00:46:48,667 --> 00:46:53,376
They had to see, too -
to see what they had been fighting for,
358
00:46:53,501 --> 00:46:55,209
and we had been fighting against.
359
00:46:58,001 --> 00:47:02,042
They came cheerfully, like sightseers,
to a chamber of horrors,
360
00:47:02,167 --> 00:47:05,417
for here indeed
were some real horrors.
361
00:47:12,084 --> 00:47:15,001
If a prisoner had
a curiously tattooed skin,
362
00:47:15,126 --> 00:47:17,501
it was taken from him.
363
00:47:17,626 --> 00:47:20,917
We can only hope he was dead
when it was done.
364
00:47:21,042 --> 00:47:25,042
The skin was tanned
and made into lampshades, etc.
365
00:47:28,667 --> 00:47:32,042
These shrunken heads
belonged to two Polish prisoners
366
00:47:32,167 --> 00:47:34,792
who had escaped and been recaptured.
367
00:47:42,584 --> 00:47:45,126
Some of the visitors
did not care for the sight
368
00:47:45,251 --> 00:47:47,251
and were assisted by ex-prisoners.
369
00:47:47,376 --> 00:47:48,709
They had been aware of the camp
370
00:47:48,834 --> 00:47:52,084
and had been willing to make use
of the cheap labour it provided -
371
00:47:52,209 --> 00:47:55,126
as long as they were
beyond smelling range of it.
372
00:48:01,834 --> 00:48:05,834
Ebensee is a holiday
resort in the mountains.
373
00:48:06,376 --> 00:48:08,292
The air is clean and pure.
374
00:48:09,251 --> 00:48:11,084
It cures sickness,
375
00:48:11,209 --> 00:48:13,209
and there is a sweetness
about the place.
376
00:48:14,001 --> 00:48:15,792
A gentle peace.
377
00:48:29,876 --> 00:48:35,834
In this place, the Luftwaffe
or S.S. Panzer officer on leave relaxes,
378
00:48:35,959 --> 00:48:39,001
eats well, breathes deeply,
379
00:48:39,126 --> 00:48:41,376
finds romance.
380
00:48:41,501 --> 00:48:45,001
Everything is charming
and picturesque.
381
00:48:49,209 --> 00:48:52,126
But the concentration camp
had become an integral part
382
00:48:52,251 --> 00:48:54,376
of the German economic system,
383
00:48:54,501 --> 00:48:56,542
so it was here, too.
384
00:48:57,417 --> 00:49:01,542
Able to see the mountains,
but what use are mountains without food?
385
00:49:17,584 --> 00:49:21,917
ENTERING THE CREMATORIUM
IS PROHIBITED WITHOUT EXCEPTION!
386
00:49:22,834 --> 00:49:26,959
Prisoners at Dachau and Buchenwald
dreaded being sent here.
387
00:49:27,834 --> 00:49:30,792
To them, this place
did not mean recuperation,
388
00:49:30,917 --> 00:49:32,334
only starvation,
389
00:49:32,459 --> 00:49:36,042
tuberculosis through
slavery in an underground factory,
390
00:49:36,167 --> 00:49:38,292
and finally left to cough one's life out
391
00:49:38,417 --> 00:49:43,917
unaided and crowded in the filth
and stench of a hut unfit for dogs,
392
00:49:44,042 --> 00:49:46,667
but for some reason called a hospital.
393
00:50:13,167 --> 00:50:17,584
The daily collection of corpses
was disposed of through this chimney.
394
00:50:31,667 --> 00:50:33,876
First used in 1938,
395
00:50:34,001 --> 00:50:36,834
this camp was the centre
of a group of subsidiary camps.
396
00:50:38,834 --> 00:50:42,792
40,000 people had died here
since the beginning of the year.
397
00:50:44,459 --> 00:50:47,917
Here, the gas chamber
held 200 at a time
398
00:50:48,042 --> 00:50:52,542
and the crematorium dealt
with 300 per day - every day.
399
00:51:09,542 --> 00:51:12,709
In the north of Germany,
it was the same story.
400
00:51:12,834 --> 00:51:16,876
The few who remained alive
were staggering on the verge of death.
401
00:51:25,251 --> 00:51:27,001
They were the survivors.
402
00:51:28,417 --> 00:51:30,751
And these were the rest-
403
00:51:30,876 --> 00:51:35,626
hurriedly murdered lest they be set free
to live a normal life.
404
00:52:01,542 --> 00:52:05,042
The authorities in the camps
took special measures
405
00:52:05,167 --> 00:52:09,501
to make sure that a man would
neither live normally nor die normally.
406
00:52:10,834 --> 00:52:13,042
Neither should he sleep normally.
407
00:52:15,959 --> 00:52:18,459
He was surrounded by barbed wire,
408
00:52:19,876 --> 00:52:23,209
and he had to sleep on barbed wire.
409
00:52:46,834 --> 00:52:49,501
Here was carnage and desolation.
410
00:52:52,209 --> 00:52:54,876
Prisoners had been dragged
from the sacks of straw
411
00:52:55,001 --> 00:52:57,459
in the hovels called hospitals,
412
00:52:57,584 --> 00:53:02,417
shot and hastily disposed of
by the first means to hand.
413
00:53:09,209 --> 00:53:11,709
There must have been
some feeling of guilt
414
00:53:11,834 --> 00:53:15,792
or presumably there would not have been
an attempt to destroy the evidence.
415
00:53:34,667 --> 00:53:36,292
In the outskirts of Leipzig,
416
00:53:36,417 --> 00:53:39,834
an effort was made to prevent
300 forced workers in a factory
417
00:53:39,959 --> 00:53:43,542
from being set free
by advancing Allied troops.
418
00:53:43,667 --> 00:53:46,417
300 were locked
in a mess hut and burned.
419
00:53:46,542 --> 00:53:47,959
This is where it stood.
420
00:53:49,042 --> 00:53:51,584
Some of the desperate,
screaming prisoners broke out.
421
00:53:52,167 --> 00:53:55,501
Flame throwers and machine guns
were waiting to receive them.
422
00:54:12,917 --> 00:54:14,501
This was a woman.
423
00:54:16,167 --> 00:54:18,876
Some almost reached the barbed wire.
424
00:54:19,001 --> 00:54:22,667
Some got there and stayed there,
for it was electrified.
425
00:54:31,376 --> 00:54:33,292
This was a Polish engineer.
426
00:55:08,001 --> 00:55:11,542
American troops advancing
did not know that in this barn
427
00:55:11,667 --> 00:55:15,084
the Germans had locked
1,800 prisoners
428
00:55:15,209 --> 00:55:18,417
and set burning straw alight
to suffocate them.
429
00:55:19,834 --> 00:55:21,542
In the morning, before retreating,
430
00:55:21,667 --> 00:55:26,584
they had poured petrol on the bodies
in an attempt to burn what remained.
431
00:55:37,001 --> 00:55:41,001
It still smouldered
when the American troops arrived.
432
00:56:05,417 --> 00:56:09,042
This man was shot because
he gasped for air, trying to escape
433
00:56:09,167 --> 00:56:12,084
while the rest of him
burned in the barn.
434
00:56:35,501 --> 00:56:40,042
The most up-to-date institution
was better equipped for killing.
435
00:56:41,959 --> 00:56:44,917
Transports of prisoners
from all over occupied Europe
436
00:56:45,042 --> 00:56:49,334
were sent for extermination
in one of the special Vernichtungslager.
437
00:56:56,209 --> 00:56:59,626
Here, four million peopled were murdered.
438
00:57:00,542 --> 00:57:05,376
As many men, women and children
as you could pack into a great city.
439
00:57:37,792 --> 00:57:40,959
Old women were regarded
as a danger to the state.
440
00:57:44,501 --> 00:57:46,542
Women torn from their homes,
441
00:57:46,667 --> 00:57:50,084
perhaps for the misdeeds
of a distant relative
442
00:57:50,209 --> 00:57:55,459
and packed cheek to cheek
like cattle for the slaughter.
443
00:58:17,209 --> 00:58:19,667
These children are twins.
444
00:58:19,792 --> 00:58:23,251
When identical twins were born
to non-German parents,
445
00:58:23,376 --> 00:58:27,209
they were confiscated and handed over
to an Experimental Station.
446
00:58:28,292 --> 00:58:31,959
German doctors injected them
with diseases and attempted cures.
447
00:58:32,876 --> 00:58:37,084
Success in the cure was not important
as these children were written off,
448
00:58:37,209 --> 00:58:42,501
unknown, they had no names -
only numbers tattooed on their arms.
449
00:59:07,584 --> 00:59:12,417
This camp was scientifically planned
with a view to mass murder.
450
00:59:13,001 --> 00:59:16,292
Vast extensions were still being built-
451
00:59:16,417 --> 00:59:20,459
arrangements of gas chambers,
mortuaries and incinerators.
452
00:59:21,334 --> 00:59:26,334
The normal extermination rate
was 10,000 to 12,000 per day.
453
00:59:32,876 --> 00:59:35,876
An attempt had been made
to destroy the installations,
454
00:59:36,001 --> 00:59:39,334
but Russian troops were able
to uncover most of it.
455
00:59:40,626 --> 00:59:45,501
Five crematoria with a capacity
of 279,000 per month.
456
00:59:45,626 --> 00:59:48,834
Germans had watched them die,
they had wanted to watch them die,
457
00:59:48,959 --> 00:59:52,626
for they constructed special peepholes
in the doorways of the gas chambers
458
00:59:52,751 --> 00:59:55,959
where they could observe
the effects of the poison gas Zyklon.
459
00:59:56,751 --> 00:59:58,709
Here are some of the containers,
460
00:59:58,834 --> 01:00:01,501
the mask worn by the operator
461
01:00:01,626 --> 01:00:04,501
and the poisons used for injections.
462
01:00:10,792 --> 01:00:15,959
Not only at Auschwitz was extermination
carried out on a large scale.
463
01:00:17,001 --> 01:00:21,084
Entire populations of villages
were moved suddenly overnight
464
01:00:21,209 --> 01:00:23,667
believing themselves
to being evacuated
465
01:00:23,792 --> 01:00:26,626
and finding themselves
behind barbed wire in the morning.
466
01:00:26,751 --> 01:00:29,001
CAMP GROUNDS! STOP! SHOTS
WILL BE FIRED WITHOUT WARNING!
467
01:00:33,834 --> 01:00:37,876
2,800,000 people
were gassed to death here.
468
01:00:38,709 --> 01:00:42,876
Invariably the gas chamber was labelled
'Bath and Disinfection'.
469
01:00:58,542 --> 01:01:00,376
Here one took one's last breath
470
01:01:00,501 --> 01:01:04,459
and disappeared in oily smoke
up the crematorium chimney
471
01:01:05,251 --> 01:01:08,626
The firm that built this
was not ashamed to sign its work.
472
01:01:10,792 --> 01:01:13,209
Again the ovens, again the bones.
473
01:01:15,751 --> 01:01:18,959
These bones were sold
to the Strem Company
474
01:01:19,084 --> 01:01:21,292
for the manufacture of fertiliser.
475
01:01:27,251 --> 01:01:29,542
How many hundreds of thousands
of people are contained
476
01:01:29,667 --> 01:01:32,292
in these heaps of human bones?
477
01:01:32,417 --> 01:01:35,501
You see where they went,
to the cabbage fields.
478
01:01:35,626 --> 01:01:38,667
No doubt some Germans today
can taste what they have eaten
479
01:01:38,792 --> 01:01:40,667
fertilised by their comrades.
480
01:01:48,959 --> 01:01:52,959
This had been going on for a long time
before we came.
481
01:01:53,084 --> 01:01:57,626
Here were found 820,000 pairs
of boots and shoes.
482
01:02:09,001 --> 01:02:12,001
Prisoners paid their own fares
to Majdanek.
483
01:02:13,126 --> 01:02:15,334
They thought they were going
to new homes,
484
01:02:15,459 --> 01:02:19,042
and so they brought their most precious
portable possessions.
485
01:02:29,251 --> 01:02:31,376
They say dead men's boots
bring bad luck -
486
01:02:32,459 --> 01:02:34,959
what of dead children's toys?
487
01:02:36,667 --> 01:02:38,959
Their mothers carried scissors perhaps?
488
01:02:39,959 --> 01:02:43,001
The scissors are here -
the mothers, no.
489
01:02:43,126 --> 01:02:45,834
But here in this room is part of them.
490
01:02:45,959 --> 01:02:48,376
Nothing material could be wasted.
491
01:02:48,501 --> 01:02:52,751
These packages contain human hair
carefully sorted and weighed.
492
01:03:19,417 --> 01:03:23,459
Nothing was wasted - even the teeth
were taken out of their mouths.
493
01:03:24,042 --> 01:03:26,126
By-products of the system.
494
01:03:37,376 --> 01:03:39,834
Tooth brushes. Nail brushes.
495
01:03:41,459 --> 01:03:42,959
Shoe brushes.
496
01:03:46,751 --> 01:03:48,459
Shaving brushes.
497
01:03:51,417 --> 01:03:56,417
If one man in ten wears spectacles,
how many does this heap represent?
498
01:04:01,876 --> 01:04:07,167
All these things belonged to men
and women and children like ourselves,
499
01:04:07,292 --> 01:04:11,376
quite ordinary people
from all parts of the world.
500
01:05:07,626 --> 01:05:09,501
The dead have been buried.
501
01:05:13,501 --> 01:05:16,959
It remains for us to care for these,
the living.
502
01:05:58,834 --> 01:06:01,292
TO THE AIR-RAID PROTECTION
EMERGENCY ROOM
503
01:06:01,417 --> 01:06:06,626
It remains for us to hope that Germans
may help to mend what they have broken,
504
01:06:06,751 --> 01:06:09,209
and cleanse what they have befouled.
505
01:06:27,376 --> 01:06:31,376
Thousands of German people
were made to see for themselves.
506
01:06:32,917 --> 01:06:34,209
To bury the dead.
507
01:06:34,876 --> 01:06:36,917
To file past the victims.
508
01:06:45,834 --> 01:06:51,417
This was the end of the journey
they had so confidently begun in 1933.
509
01:06:56,542 --> 01:06:58,167
Twelve years?
510
01:06:59,459 --> 01:07:00,751
No.
511
01:07:00,876 --> 01:07:03,459
In terms of barbarity and brutality,
512
01:07:03,584 --> 01:07:07,209
they had travelled backwards
for twelve thousand years.
513
01:07:38,709 --> 01:07:42,959
Unless the world learns
the lesson these pictures teach,
514
01:07:43,084 --> 01:07:45,126
night will fall.
515
01:07:48,376 --> 01:07:52,542
But by God's grace,
we who live will learn.
43411
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.