All language subtitles for Quantum Revolution S01E07 - New Model of the Big Bang

[MUSIC PLAYING]

How was our universe born?

Was it because of the Big Bang?

In this episode, we explore
the question of cosmogenesis.

Earlier, we described
spacetime as full of energy.

And we saw that this energy
is at the source of creation.

We saw that the
equations we developed

showed that the
proton is basically

a vortex of this energy of
space, the vacuum fluctuation,

and that all the particles
and all the scales

are as well vortices of
this vacuum structure.

One of the equations that we
wrote that was very insightful

was the equation that
gived us the correct answer

for the vacuum density at
the cosmological level.

We briefly discussed
earlier that there

is such a thing in physics
that is called the vacuum

catastrophe.

Astrophysicists, when
they observe the universe,

they see that the
universe is not just

expanding but it's
accelerating when it expands.

In order to account
for that acceleration,

they have to consider the
quantum vacuum fluctuation

at that scale.

They call it dark energy.

When they put the vacuum
fluctuation, the dark energy

in, they can
calculate the density

of how much vacuum energy
is present to produce

the expansion.

And they find the density
of 10 to the minus 30 grams

per centimeter cubed.

So it's almost 122 orders
of magnitude difference

between the Planck
vacuum density

and the cosmological vacuum.

We wrote a paper resolving the
vacuum catastrophe last year.

In that paper, we show
that if we take a proton

and we expand it to the
size of the universe,

we find the correct vacuum
density for the universal size.

So to be clear, there
is a vacuum fluctuation

in the proton.

The proton is a little
ball of Planck oscillators,

billions of them,
10 to the 60th.

So it's a significantly
large number.

They're spinning together.

And they have the
density of what

is thought to be
the Planck density,

or a very high
density, 10 to the 93

grams per centimeter
cube, which is the Planck

density at the quantum scale.

This produced a lot of
debate in the physics community

for decades.

It's thought to be
one of the biggest

errors in physics,
this discrepancy of 122

orders of magnitude.

It created a lot of debate
and as well a certain amount

of lack of confidence of the
understanding of physics,

whether it's at the cosmological
level or at the quantum level.

The vacuum catastrophe is one of
the largest problem in physics.

Quantum physicists say
it has to be very dense.

And cosmologists say it
has to be very low density.

So this is very powerful.

But what does it mean
about our universe?

What does it mean about
the birth of our universe?

Why are protons in
our universe not

expanding to the size of
the universe right now?

Why did one proton
all of a sudden

expand to the size
of the universe?

And that proton
might have started

as a Planck expanding to a
proton expanding to a universe.

The Big Bang Theory actually
starts with a Planck size

singularity expanding to
the size of the universe

extremely rapidly.

It's called inflation where the
universe in the first Planck

second expands to almost
the size it is today.

So it expands at billions,
trillions of times

faster than the speed of light.

Is that the right picture?

It's not clear
that it is correct.

There is many discrepancies
in the standard model.

And one of them being
that the source of energy

for the expansion of the
universe, the source of energy

for that Planck to all
of a sudden explode

into all of time
and space and all

of the matter in the universe,
has not been described.

There's no mechanism
that explains

how the Planck-sized
object all of a sudden

just exploded into a universe.

And there is no explanation
where the energy

came from for this to happen.

With the model that
we've developed now,

which gives the correct
answers for the mass

and for the acceleration and so
on, we get a different picture.

From the equations we wrote
and what we discussed before,

we know that the universe
is scaling from the Planck

scale or even the sub-Planck
scale to the atomic scale

and so on-- planets,
stars, galaxies, clusters,

super clusters, and
universes, all this

giving the correct answer.

When we think of
this then, we can

think that our universe
then is an object very

akin to a black hole.

And we can show that
in the equations,

because when we get
the temperature,

we get the temperature which
is equivalent to the Hawking

radiation of a black hole.

So we know our universe
is a black hole.

It has a correct mass and radius
exactly to be a black hole.

If that's true, and
we see that there

an exchange between the
interior of a black hole

and the exterior of
the black hole, which

is what we are finding
in our equation,

that black holes
are not isolated,

that there is
information falling in

and then there's
information expanding out

of black holes because of
their angular momentum,

then we could think that
our universe is not singular

but that our universe is
part of many other universes

in a larger one, because
the scaling tells us this.

It tells us that our universe
is part of many universes

that are--

think of bubbles together
in a larger universe,

an extremely large
universe, which

could be a bubble
that's together

with other bubble of that
size in the larger universe

just like galaxies are
inside our universe.

Well, all this tells
us something profound.

That is that our
universe might be

the result of a proton or
a singularity, a Planck

singularity, that
escaped another universe,

another bubble.

To restate what
Hawking radiation,

is Hawking radiation says
that vacuum fluctuations near

the event horizon can produce a
pair of particles in which one

particle is radiated out of
the black hole and one particle

falls into the black hole.

So imagine a particle at the
surface of the event horizon

of a universal black hole of
about our size that radiates

a particle out.

When that particle arrives
in the larger universe,

the vacuum density of
the larger universe

is many, many
orders of magnitude

lower than the Planck density
that that particle is made of.

The result is that
that particle would

expand very rapidly
to make a proton,

eventually to make a universe.

And as it expands,
it would as well

exchange information and
change particle due to Hawking

radiation and change
its dynamics inside.

You can imagine the expansion
of such a bubble very,

very rapidly producing
vorticular dynamics,

change in density in the
system, and vorticular dynamics

that eventually would make
quasars, galaxies, clusters,

super clusters, stars,
planets, and eventually us.

This is a completely
different view of creation.

You can imagine the
surface of bubble universes

radiating these particles
and these particles

popping into or expanding into
new universes like foaming

new universes into existence.

This vacuum fluctuation
has even been called

quantum foam for a long time.

The foaming of creation resemble
much more a biological dynamic.

Cosmogenesis then is the
result of changes in density

when the particle
escapes a universe.

But don't just think of this
being localized to the bubble

universes of our size.

That would mean that other
universes, very large ones,

that are part of the
multiverse, so the universe,

for instance, in
which we are, which

could be a universe that has a
density in which our universe

is equivalent to a
proton for that universe.

You can imagine that universe
birthing another universe

of its own size as well.

It would mean as well that
our universe will eventually

stabilize at a certain
radius when equilibrium will

be achieved between the
inside of our universe

and the outside of our
universe so that there

is a state of
equilibrium at the event

horizon of the black hole.

So that means that our
universe at one point

would reach a point
of equilibrium

with the larger
universe it's in.

And what we would
see is a slowing down

or stopping of the expansion.

Now I want to talk a
little bit about expansion

and acceleration
in our universe.

It may be that the dynamics
of expansion of our universe

have been simplified
a little too much.

They can be more
complex dynamics

in our universe than what
we previously thought.

That is when the
universe expanded,

the dynamics of
the fluid structure

of spacetime in
our universe would

produce vorticity locally but
as well globally, collectively,

for all of the universe.

So the universe would
have a structure.

It wouldn't be
completely amorphous.

It would have a structure.

It would have polarity.

And it would have a double
tourist type of structure

a little bit like galaxy.

Think of a galaxy the size
of our universe with its jet

and with its disk.

We've started to see
some of those structures

in the universe.

We've we found places where it's
much denser and super clusters.

It's like a wall.

We found places where we
call it the dark flow where

there's very little.

You know, that would be--

think of the arms of the
galaxy at the universal level.

There would be region
with more material, region

with less material.

And there would be a definite
flow like in galaxies

where star goes from the center
out to the edge into the halo

of the galaxy up at the
poles and then come back down

in this toroidal dynamic
with the jets in the middle.

And there would be polarity
to our universe in such a way

that we might find that
there's matter that's

spinning in one direction
and matter that's spinning

in the other direction.

And that is what we found.

We found that matter can spin
in the opposite direction

of the ordinary
matter that we see.

And we call that antimatter.

And this was a consequence of
the Dirac equations discovering

the electron antimatter
particle or the positron.

So this dynamic would,
in the universe,

would move things
in certain ways

in which an observer, a
teeny weeny little observer

like us might think that the
universe radius is expanding,

which could be the case,
which most likely is the case.

But this could be
combined with the movement

of the material inside
the universe, which

would appear to us as
material accelerating away.

And so there is a more complex
view of the motion of stars

relative to each
other but as well

of galaxies relative to
each other and structures

relative to each other.

We're finding,
for instance, that

quasars in our universe and
certain region all align very

precisely to one very
specific direction.

Quasars have these
massive jets that

come out of it like
these huge vortices which

are evidence of this fluid
dynamics spinning structure

of spacetime.

But these huge jets can be
a million light years long.

And they all seem to align
in this very specific region

of our universe.

Well, that might
be because they're

close to the polar vortices
of our universe itself.

And so they tend to,
if they're not aligned,

they would tend to
slowly align to that pole

as they approach the
polarity of our universe.

So there's things like that are
puzzling the current physics

community that start
to be understood better

with this new model of physics.

Just recently-- this has been
an ongoing investigation since

the '90s as I can remember it--

we have noticed as well that
light polarization moving

through our universe is
by birefringent or acts

like it's moving
through a crystal.

There is lots of evidence
of it in many ways.

Think of like the structure
of spacetime aligning

to a universal
frame of reference,

a universal polarized field.

And this leads to belief that
this vacuum structure is not

only organized by spin but
that spin as well produce

polarization.

So this is called quantum
vacuum polarization.

And from this
polarity our equations

tells us that these magnetic and
electromagnetic field emerges.

It's a completely different
view of our universe.

It's a view where
the universe is not

some random bubble that's
just producing random effects,

but it's highly organized.

It's polarized.

It's not just one universe.

It's part of many, many
universe that are being created.

And it's inside a larger
universe and a larger universe.

When you tell a child
about the Big Bang Theory,

and you say it all started with
a big explosion, typically,

the first thing a child
will think of or ask

will be what was there
before the explosion.

Clearly, this new view
tells us that the universe

is fractal in nature.

And it's fractal in scales.

And there's an infinite
amount of scales

producing an infinite
amount of creative path

that we call universe.

And this evolution is very
specific to the coordinates

in spacetime in
which it's happening.

So you can think of it
as very individualized

but part of the oneness
of the infinite nature

of the fractal
structure of spacetime.

Initially, Georges
Lemaitre, a Belgium cosmologist

and Catholic priest, argued
that the physical universe was

originally a single particle,
the primeval atom as he called

it, which disintegrated in an
explosion giving rise to space

and time and the expansion of
the universe that continues

to this day.

The idea marked the
birth of what we now

know as big bang cosmology.

Later on, cosmologists
realized that an atom was not

a good start, that it would more
likely be a Planck-sized object

that expanded to
eventually produce

all the time and space
and all the matter

we see in the universe.

However, none of these
scenarios gives us a clear

understanding of why and
atom would all of a sudden,

or a Planck-size object all of a
sudden would expand to the size

of a universe.

What is the energy?

Where did the energy come from
for that to have happened?

What is the mechanics that
made it happen and so on.

Our equation shows something
similar but different.

It gets rid of this idea of an
explosion, this idea of a bang.

It actually shows that it's
basically scalar relationship

of radiation of black hole.

So imagine our universe
as a black hole.

And it has Hawking radiation.

So the vacuum fluctuation,
the Plank vacuum fluctuation

near the event horizon
produced particles.

And these particles, one of
them can radiate and one of them

can fall in.

When a particle radiates into
the larger universe, the larger

black hole that our black
hole universe is in,

the density of that
larger black hole

is much, much, much smaller,
orders and orders of magnitude

smaller density
than our universe.

So when it escapes the
black hole universe

that we're in into
the larger black hole,

the density change will make
it expand very, very rapidly.

And this mechanism
is what we believe

is actually the source of
the expansion of the universe

or what we have typically
called the Big Bang.

Ancient civilizations
had very similar thoughts

about the universe.

They thought about
the universe as having

information that
could be contained

in every atom in the universe.

Many different civilizations
around the world

had this in their folklore
in their traditions.

They thought of the universe
as being just one universe

part of many others.

They talked about our universe
as continuously expanding,

or changing, or evolving.

And when they talked about
where they got this knowledge,

they said they got it from sun
gods from being from the stars,

from the gods that
instructed them

on the structure of the
universe, and how it works,

and so on.

It's really interesting that
at this time in history,

we seem to be finding very
similar concepts emerging

in advanced physics, the concept
of a holographic universe

where every point contains
all the information and so on,

the concept of scaling
universe, fractal structures

in the universe and multiverses.

All this seemed to be known
by many ancient civilizations

around the world thousands of
years prior to modern physics.

Were they instructed by advanced
being that they had contact

with at the time?

I don't know.

But definitely
there is an analog

between what we
are finding today

and what ancient
civilization knew

from whether it was direct
contact with advanced knowledge

or from their spiritual
exploration, which

may have led them to understand
the universe by the study

of their own beings since if
the universe is a holographic,

each point contains the
whole, all information

should be available to
every being in the universe.

Remember in earlier
episode when we

talked about the
entanglement of particles

where two particles leaving
one atom will be entangled

and how particles are
most likely all entangled

because they all came from
the same source, which I just

described being a
proton or a Planck

leaving another universe.

So everything is entangled.

Well, that means that as
well all of these universes

are entangled because they
all emerged from one another.

So all the scales are entangled.

All the universes are entangled.

However, they are developing
independently from each other.

And the information is moving
through the whole system

in a very complex way.

So you could think
that the entanglement

of the universe is out there
that our universe has created

would have some of the
information about you

and I and everything
we see here that I

could go to another universe.

And if I got the
right source, I could

learn about what's going on here
and that they may be something

very similar to what's going
on here that's happening over

there but a little
bit different,

because it's
getting a little bit

different set of
information because it's

in different coordinates
of spacetime.

In an infinite
fractal universe, it's

important to understand that
every point is the center.

So you could say I'm the
center of the universe.

However, there would be a larger
universe that our universe is

in, and a larger universe that
our universe is in, and so on.

At one point, I
could find a universe

that I'm in the center of.

And it's important to remember
that every other point is

the center of their
own universe as well.

Otherwise you'd get in trouble.

But clearly, individualization
and the oneness

of infinite fractal
universe occurs

because each point
observed the universe

from its own
perspective and gathers

different sets of
information, and so

is there an exact copy of
me in a parallel universe?

I would say no.

But they may be
a information set

very similar or in resonance
with my information set

in another universe due to
the entanglement relationship

of all the universes together.