All language subtitles for Quantum Revolution S01E04 - Holographic Universe Theory

What is the
holographic principle,

and how did it emerge?

In this episode, we look at how
to access the infinite field

of information in our universe.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

The holographic principle
has been present throughout

the ages, although it may have
not been called that way early

on.

The concept that everything
is present in everything,

that from any point or
any part of the universe,

you could get the
information of the whole,

has been present in ancient
civilization traditions,

shamanism, and masters
around the world

in many different cultures.

The concept of oneness
has been there all along.

However, in the development
of the holographic principle

in standard physics, we
start the exploration

with a famous
physicist, David Bohm,

which thought of the implicate
and explicate order of creation

as this structure
in which creation

contained every piece of
information of the whole

in every point.

Every region contains the total
structure unfolded within it.

He thought that all of the
information of the universe

would be present in every point.

And this was described
is his exploration

of the holographic
principle early on.

Now, what is a hologram?

OK.

A hologram is an
experiment or a setup

in order to get a
three-dimensional projection

in space.

It's important to understand
the holographic principle

of physics is called that
way only as an analogy.

And this is where people get
mixed up, including physicists.

And so I'm going to make
a very distinct separation

between a hologram that
we may call on Earth here

and the universe having
a holographic principle.

Those are two different things.

However, the hologram
is a good analogy

to most likely what
the universe is doing.

To produce a hologram, a
laser beam is split into two

identical beams and redirected
by the use of mirrors.

One of the split beams is
directed at the object--

in this example, an apple.

Some of the light is reflected
off the object directly

onto the photographic plate.

The second beam is directed
onto the photographic plate.

And when the two beams intersect
and interfere with each other,

the interference pattern
recreates a virtual 3D image

of the apple in this space.

Interestingly, the
word "hologram"

comes from the
Greek word "holos"--

whole, or "grama"-- message.

If a hologram is
cut into pieces,

each piece contains
whole views of

the entire holographic image.

And what's really amazing and
interesting about this is that

if you cut the plate in half
and shoot the laser at it,

the apple is still
going to appear.

It's going to have
lower resolution,

but it's still going to appear.

And if you cut it in quarter
and you should the laser at it,

it's still going
to have the apple.

All the information
is still there.

You can cut, theoretically,
the plate to infinity

and still have the
information of the apple.

So the concept is that every
point contains the whole, which

is a concept, as I
said, that was already

present in ancient civilization
all around the world,

in shamanic cultures and so on.

Physics develop in such
a way that we discovered

that there is this possibility
in the universe that

black holes could form.

And this was very
puzzling for physicists.

Einstein's filled
equations predicted

that black holes could form.

Einstein himself didn't
believe it could exist.

He thought that part of
the equation is wrong.

All the rest is working
out, but most likely,

a black hole cannot form.

At the time, the word "black
hole" wasn't even coined.

It was called a singularity.

And it is the foundation of the
solution to Einstein's field

equation.

It's called the Schwarzschild
solution to the Einstein field

equation.

The Schwarzschild solution
is the primary solution

to Einstein field equation
used to describe and calculate

gravity or orbitals
of planets and stars.

And so it's very much
present, but it mostly ignored,

the part in which the mass of
an object could have a density

so high that the light could
not even escape from it.

However, when black
holes were discovered--

but even before,
when exploration

about that part of Einstein
field equation was done--

there was something puzzling.

If light is falling
into a black hole,

if information is falling
into a black hole--

so you can think of information
and information theory

as particles falling into the
black hole like photons that

could carry information about
their velocity, their position,

and so on.

So you can think of
particles as information

in information theory.

There's a direct and analog
between information and energy.

Then where is the
information going?

When it goes into the black
hole, where does it end up?

If the black hole
can evaporate--

and this is something that
was the result of some

of the exploration that Stephen
Hawking did on black holes.

It's called
Hawking radiation.

Hawking predicted that energy
fluctuations from the vacuum

cause the generation of
particle-anti-particle pairs

of virtual particles
near the event

horizon of the black hole.

One of the particles
falls into the black hole

while the other escapes before
they have the opportunity

to annihilate each other.

The net result is that to
someone viewing the black hole,

it would appear that a
particle had been emitted.

Since the particle that is
emitted has positive energy,

the particle that gets
absorbed by the black hole

has negative energy relative
to the outside universe.

This results in the black hole
losing energy and thus mass.

Smaller primordial
black holes can actually

emit more energy
than they absorb,

which results in
them losing net mass.

Larger black holes, such as
those that are one solar mass,

absorb more cosmic
radiation than they

emit through Hawking radiation.

Well, if it's losing energy
and information is falling

in, where is the
information going to end up?

Where is it going?

And in the standard
model of cosmology,

which was Hawking's
opinion and others,

is that the information is lost.

But that violates some of the
foundations of physics in which

information cannot be
lost in quantum theory.

And this was a big problem.

There was what is commonly
described as the black hole

information war that developed
between quantum physicists

and cosmologists,
some saying, no,

the information is just lost,
some saying all the information

end up in a parallel
universe somewhere else,

and quantum physicists saying,
no, information cannot be lost.

The two main characters
of this black hole war

was Stephen Hawking
and Leonard Susskind,

which is the director of the
Physics Department at Stanford

University.

And the two were debating what
happens to the information

in the universe.

Eventually, with the
help of other physicists,

Leonard Susskind,
from little bit

of a convoluted path
of earlier physics that

were written by
Bekenstein and others,

develop a concept
that is now known

as the holographic principle.

This concept showed that
the information that's

falling into the black
hole is holographically

imprinted on the surface of
the black hole as Planck vacuum

fluctuation.

And here is our ether again at
this nice, centrally position,

again reemerging, showing
that the information

is held in the
structure of the vacuum

at the surface of
the black hole.

So it is not lost.

The mathematics
were written for it,

and it give the
correct temperature

for the entropy
of the black hole,

for the temperature
of the black hole.

And so it was proven
to be correct,

or at least it has been
theorized to be correct.

And eventually, Stephen
Hawking conceded the bet

that information
could be retained

on the surface of
the black hole,

and the information
was not lost.

So Leonard Susskind and
the holographic principle

became explored more and more
by many, many physicists,

and the concept became
very much embedded

in the modern interpretation
of black hole entropy

and some of the most
advanced and most important

mathematics and physics that
are being explored today,

including er equals epr,
showing that entanglement

may be through black holes
and that black holes are

like little--

entangled by particles,
saying that particles

may be as well black holes.

But before we jump
into all this,

the holographic
principle is something

that I had developed
in a different way

from the early physics
that I had come up with.

I had realized that this
Planck field, this ether

is made out of teeny
oscillators at the Planck scale.

So you can think of
them as discreteness,

granular structure of
spacetime, that Einstein

was correct to think
that spacetime curved

to produce gravity,
but spacetime

is only smooth at large scale.

When you look closely, just
like water in our tub--

when you look at the water
going down the drain,

it appears smooth, but
when you look closely,

it's made out of atoms,
which is granular.

Spacetime was made of
these granular structures.

And I had come up with a little
bit the same interpretation

of the holographic principle
from a different perspective.

But in my case, I had realized
that the granular structure

of spacetime is
not a 2D surface as

in the current
holographic principle,

but that the grains are little
spheres, little particles.

And it wasn't just on the
surface of the black hole,

but it was on the interior
of the black hole.

Spacetime and the
vacuum structure

is not excluded from the
inside of the black hole.

So I started to think about
this holographic principle

and the granular
structure of spacetime,

the granular structure
of the vacuum fluctuation

being this dynamic spin
that produce particles--

most importantly, the center
of the atom, the proton.

Think of the proton in
the nucleus of the atom

as being the center of
the vortex of spacetime

coming in and making a
little proton in the middle.

So imagine all the information
that's spinning together

that makes up a proton.

I calculated that.

I calculated how
many Plancks are

on the inside of the
radius of a proton.

And I was amazed when I
finished the calculation

because the mass of
all the little Plancks

inside the proton
added up to the mass

of the universe precisely.

So right away, it
seemed holographic,

which in principle
means that all

the information of the whole
is present in each point.

And I was finding that.

All the information,
all the energy

seemed to be present in
the Planck information

inside the proton.

Don't think of the
universe being in there.

Just think of the information
of the universe being

in there, just like when you
play a CD of a music orchestra,

the violin is not on the CD.

The piano is not on the CD.

The orchestra director or
conductor is not on the CD.

But all of these things and the
information are there, right?

So think of the information
being present holographically

in the Planck field.

So you can imagine how small the
Planck granular structure must

be to contain all the
information of all

of the other protons in
the universe in one proton.

But that's what the
equation was giving.

But then I thought,
wait a minute.

That information is inside
the mini black hole, right?

It's not able to come out.

It's restricted
by the information

that's on the surface, the
entropy of the black hole.

So then I looked
at the relationship

between the surface
and the inside.

How much of the
information inside could

go through the surface?

I got a number which is
the ratio between the two.

I multiplied that
number by the mass

of 1 bit of
information, 1 Plank,

to get the mass of the ratio.

I got the exact
mass of the proton.

And when I manipulated
the equation,

I got a radius for the
proton, and that radius

was 4% smaller than
what is predicted

by the standard model.

And when I published
this, then I predicted--

and this was in
December of 2012--

I predicted that when we
would measure the proton

more precisely, we might
find that smaller radius.

There was a result of
these experiments that

showed that the radius of the
proton from muonic scattering

was smaller than predicted
by the standard model.

And my prediction was
precisely that new radius

that was measured.

So that radius was
confirmed, and my prediction

was inside one standard
deviation of the experiment.

So I was inside the margin
of error of experiment.

So my radius may have
been even much more

precise than the experiment.

This means fundamentally
that the information network

of the universe--

the spinning of this
Plank field into existence

in the universe--

connects everything together
since all the information

is present in one point
in the center of an atom.

So if that was true, then
I should be able to take that

equation and extrapolate it
to the rest of the universe.

That took me a while, of course.

It's not simple.

I'm describing this
in simple terms.

It gets complicated.

Basically, you can
take this equation

and apply it to the electron.

That I have published.

And it does the right
radius and the right mass

for the electron, and so on.

It can be applied to
the whole universe,

and it gives the right
mass for the universe

without the need of dark
matter and dark energy.

It gives the right
acceleration for the universe.

And as we discovered
just recently,

it gives the right
temperature, and so on.

And when we write the equation
in a more classical way using

thermodynamics, you actually
can get from this equation

all of the scales
in our universe,

including superclusters,
clusters, galaxies, stars,

planets.

So we get everything
in the universe

emerging from this
holographic view of creation.

Now, I want to make sure I
make this distinction again.

It's not a holographic plate
somewhere in the universe

projecting a
holographic creation.

It is all of the interference
pattern of spacetime

of the Planck field creating
the interference weaving

of the information
in the universe

producing this
holographic effect.

Pushing the holographic
analogy to a 2D surface

projecting our
universe is wrong.

And it's been done by
physicists and scientists

out there misleading and
overreaching the analogy.

That is not the case.

The fact that the
universe is holographic

is because of the
natural behavior

of the nature of the oscillation
structure of the field that

makes up our universe.

Every scale has the development
of a little black hole

or a large black hole,
like the center of a galaxy

or the center of an atom.

And it's basically black
holes all the way up and all

the way down.

One of the evidence
for this is that when

we solve these equations
for our universe,

it clearly demonstrated
that the universe is

a membrane that obeys the exact
condition to be a black hole.

So it really is not debatable.

It gives the correct mass.

But not only that.

It gives the correct
temperature for the black hole.

That is, the equation gives
us the correct radiation

for that black hole, which
would give the temperature.

And the temperature it
gives is the temperature

we measure in the background
temperature of our universe.

And so it definitely
demonstrates

that we live inside a black
hole and that everything

inside that black hole are
smaller black holes that

organize in certain ways to
make clusters, superclusters,

galaxies, eventually
stars and planets

and biology and all this stuff.

And the dynamics of this black
hole structure across scale

divides in very specific
harmonic relationship.

Think of the universe
being one wavelength,

very long wavelength, and
then shorter wavelengths

and shorter wavelengths
and shorter wavelengths

all the way down to
the Planck, and then

eventually, as we discovered
with this equation, sub-Planck.

And the sub-Planck
wavelength that we discovered

is the same distance
from the Planck

as the Planck is from the
wavelength of the universe.

So the Planck radius, to Planck
size, the Planck little ball,

is in between the size of the
universe and the sub-Planck.

So these are huge scales.

They're immense.

For example, if we
take a little Planck,

one bit of information
at the Planck scale,

and we grow it in scale to
the size of a grain of sand,

then the nucleus of
an atom, the proton,

which is extremely
small already,

would have a diameter the
approximate equivalent between

the sun and Alpha Centauri.

That diameter is about
40 trillion kilometers

or 4.2 light years
from Earth, a distance

that would take about
6,300 years to travel

using current technology.

So this is the change in
scale between the Planck field

and the atom.

So you can imagine that it
was easy for standard physics,

for the physics community
to have missed it, right?

It's so teeny.

It's so far removed from the
scale at which we experience

reality that it's
nothing that we

knew was there until recently.

Now we're starting
to discover, oh, wow,

these little Planck
oscillators really

have an impact on
black hole physics.

We're discovering, yes, the
temperature and the entropy

of a black hole
is related to what

these little Plancks are doing.

In my equation,
we're discovering

that actually, all of the
mass, the forces, everything

we see in the universe is
actually the result of what

these little Planck are doing.

But then you can ask, well, what
are these little Planck made

of?

Well, they're probably
made of smaller Plancks.

And this is what we
calculated with the equation

because the equation
gives us the scales.

So we could calculate
down as well.

And we found that the next
scale of the sub-Planck

would be the same distance from
the sub-Planck to the Planck

as of from the Planck to the
size of the universe, which

would lead you to
say, well, maybe

our universe is like a
Planck for a larger universe,

and that universe is like a
Planck for an even larger one.

And now you're starting to get
the sense that the equation is

telling us about things that are
much further, much outside what

we can directly observe.

But since it is accurate
for everything we observe,

we know that it's most likely
accurate for these things that

we cannot observe as well.

And that would mean that we
live in a larger universe,

and that universe is
in a larger universe.

And thus, we should be
talking about multiverse.

And the multiverses are
not parallel to each other,

but they're embedded within
each other like Russian dolls.

Now, at any scale
that you look at,

you'll find a
parallel relationship.

You look at galaxies.

You'll see a galaxy
here and a galaxy there

because they're approximately
all the same scales, right?

But then you see nothing,
and then eventually, you

see stars, right?

And then stars are approximately
all the same scales.

They're all in a band of scales.

And in that scale, I could
say things are parallel.

So it would be the
same as I would say,

well, here's our universe.

And in that scale of
universes, there's

other universes
that are parallel.

Think of bubbles of
universes that are parallel.

But that scale would
be embedded in a larger

scale that's a larger universe,
like Russian doll universe.

So this gives us a
much different view

of the structure of our world,
the structure of our universe,

and the holographic and as well
fractal nature of creation.

What's important
to remember here

is that creation
appears to be the result

of a flow of information in
which each point contains

the whole.

As the Planck fields
spiral into creation,

the information,
because there is

smaller and smaller and
smaller bits of information

in each point, is conserved.

And all of knowledge
about the whole

can be extrapolated
from the part.

For instance, in
these equations,

we discover we literally
were studying the proton.

We were studying the
proton using this equation,

and we ended up
extrapolating the mass

of the universe, its
temperature, its acceleration,

and so on.

So from the point
of a proton, we

learned about the
whole universe.

And so imagine what
that means to you.

That means that from
any proton in your body,

if you were able to
connect and have access,

you could know about everything
else in the universe.

You can know about the
place you've never been,

remote view that place.

You could influence something
that is far away from you.

There's all kinds of
implication to these equations

that actually meet some of the
most esoteric concept and some

of the esoteric
experience people

have been having in the world
where they think of somebody,

and they call, or they go to
a place, and then they say,

oh, I dreamed about that place.

I know that place.

I've been there.

Although they've never
been there physically.

If all the information is
present in every point,

that means that you can
have access to information

that's non-local to you.

And that means as well that
you can learn from within you.

That is, not all knowledge comes
from outside of you into you,

but that actually, you have
knowledge within you that

can emerge from you.

And that is the
creative process.

And that leads as well to
understanding the source

of awareness or consciousness.