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[dramatic music]
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[swords clanging, crowd shouting]
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♪ ♪
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- When we are out there,
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You're not my friend.
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♪ ♪
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You are my enemy.
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♪ ♪
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- [screams]
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- And whatever happens
out there today...
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♪ ♪
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Both of us--
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Both of us will be free.
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♪ ♪
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[cheers and applause]
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[swords clanging,
fighter screams]
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[trumpets blare]
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[mystical music]
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♪ ♪
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- The colosseum
is the roman empire
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Distilled to its most
basic essence.
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[dramatic music]
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- [roars]
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- It is a symbol of conquest.
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[sword clanging]
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It's a symbol of dominance.
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It's a symbol of imperial power
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Radiating throughout the roman world.
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[crank creaking]
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- Now!
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- [roars]
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- Any emperor had the colosseum at his disposal
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To use as a tool to reassert
his power and authority.
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[crowd cheers]
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- The message to the roman people
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Is that life is a combat.
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♪ ♪
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- It was also a judicial warning.
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Do not test the power of rome.
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It was a death penalty offense.
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♪ ♪
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- [screams]
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[cheers and applause]
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- If you live by the sword,
you die by the sword.
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♪ ♪
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- It demonstrates the power
of the colosseum.
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It made slaves into heroes,
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Upending the power structure of rome.
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♪ ♪
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- The colosseum would come to symbolize
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The rise and fall of rome.
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♪ ♪
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- It's all there--
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The blood, the glory,
the magnificence,
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And the flaws...
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That made rome
the greatest empire
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That europe has ever seen.
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♪ ♪
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[soft dramatic music]
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: In the first century a.D.,
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Rome is the biggest city on earth,
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With a population of more than a million people.
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♪ ♪
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Now, after eight years of construction,
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The largest amphitheater in the ancient world
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Has just opened.
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- The colosseum in rome is one
of the most iconic structures
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In the history of humanity.
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It really was
a sight to behold.
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- The colosseum hosted a wide variety
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Of bloody entertainment--
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Gladiatorial contests, wild beast hunts,
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Executions of condemned criminals.
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The roman people were,
in some sense,
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Connoisseurs of violence.
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They expected and received
a whole variety
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Of different kinds
of bloody entertainment.
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♪ ♪
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[grand music plays]
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♪ ♪
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[cheers and applause]
83
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[dramatic music]
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: The new emperor, titus, is a war hero
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Who inherited the throne less than a year ago.
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The empire he now commands began with rome's founding
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As a powerful city-state in 753 b.C.
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It conquers the italian peninsula,
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Then ancient greece, the seafarers of carthage,
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The pharaohs of egypt,
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And by 80 a.D., most of western europe.
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- It's a colossal empire,
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One of the largest
the world's ever known.
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And rome is its capital.
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Narrator: But despite his extraordinary power,
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Titus is vulnerable.
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[cheers and applause]
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He's part of a new dynasty, the flavians,
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Who seized power after a bloody civil war.
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His rule follows years of political turmoil.
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- Titus was well aware of
the fragility of his position.
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He is the fifth emperor
in 11 years,
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And his family
has no hereditary claim
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To ruling the empire.
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They are usurpers.
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Narrator: To cement his power
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And win the love of the people,
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Titus has declared an unprecedented
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100 days of games to inaugurate the colosseum.
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- Titus had a lot riding
on these games.
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He knew that the roman mob
was fickle
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And that they could
turn on him easily
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If things didn't go their way
and they weren't entertained.
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There was a high penalty for failure.
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He would pay with his life.
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: To mark the colosseum's opening,
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Titus lines up a fight to the death
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Between two of the empire's best-known gladiators,
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Rome's champion, verus,
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And the barbarian, priscus.
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♪ ♪
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- They are the prime athletes of ancient rome.
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In that specific moment,
you could say that
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They are the heavyweight
champions of the roman empire.
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♪ ♪
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- What we know about the fight
comes to us
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From just one source,
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But it's a really
important source.
131
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It's the roman poet martial,
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Who was a spectator at the games.
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He actually saw this fight and saw how it played out.
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: Martial's poem is the only surviving account
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Of its kind.
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The fight he records captures
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Some of the contradictions of rome.
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It's combatants are celebrated,
140
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But they are also enslaved.
141
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[cheers and applause]
142
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♪ ♪
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Most gladiators were captured on the borders of the empire,
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So for priscus,
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The long journey to the colosseum
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Begins far from the glory of rome.
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[both shouting, sword clangs]
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♪ ♪
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In the first century a.D.,
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Roman armies push into germania, present-day germany.
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- It's a fair bet that priscus
came from germania
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Because that's where roman armies were campaigning
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At this particular point in time.
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♪ ♪
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[horse neighs]
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♪ ♪
157
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- Fall back!
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- What allowed rome to expand
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Was the best fighting forces
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That the ancient world
had ever developed.
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: The enemies rome defeats
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Are usually killed or enslaved.
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- The roman empire probably consisted
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Of 50 million individuals,
but 20%, maybe even a quarter,
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Maybe even a third of these
individuals were enslaved.
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- Hey!
Get back in the circle!
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: The most promising of the enslaved
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Become gladiators.
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- Germania was a wonderful source for gladiators
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Because it was full of big,
strong fine specimens
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Who were sell-suited
for gladiatorial games.
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♪ ♪
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Priscus would have been
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Kind of shuttled between slave traders,
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All the way from the frontier
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Into the heart of the roman empire.
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: According to the roman historian livy,
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The first gladiators appear in rome in 264 b.C.
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In a funeral rite, two men would fight to the death
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Over the graves of rich aristocrats,
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Their blood a kind of human sacrifice.
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- As time went on,
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Gladiatorial games expanded
from this focus on funerals
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And became mass entertainment.
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♪ ♪
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Narrator: Priscus is almost certainly sent
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To a gladiator school, known as a ludus.
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♪ ♪
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- The most famous ludus
was the one in capua,
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The ludus at which
spartacus trained,
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From which he broke out
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And led the largest slave
rebellion in roman history.
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♪ ♪
197
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- You belong to me now!
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♪ ♪
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I own your bodies...
200
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♪ ♪
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Your thoughts...
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♪ ♪
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Who you were...
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♪ ♪
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Where you came from
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Mean nothing anymore!
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♪ ♪
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From this day forwards,
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You are gladiators.
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My gladiators!
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♪ ♪
212
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You fight for me.
213
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- Priscus would have been sold on to a lanista,
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Who was the head of the ludus.
215
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He basically is responsible
for the recruitment
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And for the training
of the gladiators.
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- If you work hard,
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You will be rewarded.
219
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If you don't...
220
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[snaps]
221
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♪ ♪
222
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Your new names.
223
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You are fulgar.
224
00:10:14,430 --> 00:10:17,702
♪ ♪
225
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And you,
226
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Your name is priscus.
227
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♪ ♪
228
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- Priscus will not have been his real name.
229
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Gladiators were given names.
230
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And these names were sort of to
evoke a feeling or an emotion.
231
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Priscus, which means primeval, was a stage name, essentially.
232
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- Usus. Huh?
233
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Okay.
234
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- Maybe he was brutal.
He exuded that.
235
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[thunder booms]
236
00:10:47,870 --> 00:10:49,322
♪ ♪
237
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- It would have taken two to three years
238
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To become a gladiator.
239
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[both grunting]
240
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♪ ♪
241
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The training would
have been brutal.
242
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Narrator: Despite that, gladiators are well-cared for.
243
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They're fed a carbohydrate-rich diet
244
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Designed to provide energy and a layer of fat.
245
00:11:06,910 --> 00:11:08,522
- We have evidence
that they had a diet
246
00:11:08,744 --> 00:11:11,548
That was rich in barley
and beans.
247
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They were actually known
as barley men to the romans.
248
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That was their nickname.
249
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♪ ♪
250
00:11:17,150 --> 00:11:20,435
- And a little layer of fat is great protection
251
00:11:20,524 --> 00:11:23,462
If you're in a business of being stabbed and cut.
252
00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:26,122
A little something extra to
cushion the blow, so to speak.
253
00:11:26,344 --> 00:11:27,782
♪ ♪
254
00:11:27,870 --> 00:11:29,322
- They're going to physically build you up.
255
00:11:29,544 --> 00:11:31,882
You're given a rudis, which is a wooden sword.
256
00:11:32,104 --> 00:11:33,715
It's twice the weight
of the gladius,
257
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The sword or the weapon you're
gonna be using in the arena.
258
00:11:36,744 --> 00:11:39,635
- They're taught, by striking a wooden pole, the palace,
259
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The essential moves of gladiatorial combat.
260
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♪ ♪
261
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- You! Priscus!
262
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♪ ♪
263
00:11:58,430 --> 00:12:00,042
Need to toughen you up.
264
00:12:00,264 --> 00:12:02,982
- You have no rights. You're not considered human.
265
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You're like a piece of property.
266
00:12:04,684 --> 00:12:06,515
But the incredible,
extraordinary thing
267
00:12:06,604 --> 00:12:08,348
With the romans
is that ultimately,
268
00:12:08,437 --> 00:12:10,022
Some slaves could be freed.
269
00:12:10,110 --> 00:12:11,402
♪ ♪
270
00:12:11,624 --> 00:12:13,468
A gladiator is a slave.
271
00:12:13,557 --> 00:12:15,635
But he has the opportunity.
272
00:12:15,724 --> 00:12:18,602
He can become a superstar.
He can become a legend.
273
00:12:18,824 --> 00:12:21,402
♪ ♪
274
00:12:25,004 --> 00:12:26,515
[suspenseful music]
275
00:12:26,604 --> 00:12:28,028
♪ ♪
276
00:12:28,117 --> 00:12:29,702
Narrator: After years of training,
277
00:12:29,790 --> 00:12:32,435
Most gladiators like priscus swear an oath
278
00:12:32,524 --> 00:12:35,548
And become an official fighter.
279
00:12:35,637 --> 00:12:37,715
- It is a very strong oath.
280
00:12:37,804 --> 00:12:40,422
"vinciri, verberari, ferroque necari."
281
00:12:40,510 --> 00:12:43,302
- I will endure to be burned,
chained, beaten,
282
00:12:43,390 --> 00:12:46,428
And slain by the sword.
283
00:12:46,517 --> 00:12:51,242
- They're being shaped in a brutal military bootcamp.
284
00:12:51,464 --> 00:12:53,642
So you're really getting
these people prepared,
285
00:12:53,864 --> 00:12:57,395
Brainwashed to face death.
286
00:12:57,484 --> 00:12:59,142
Narrator: After swearing their oaths,
287
00:12:59,230 --> 00:13:01,468
Gladiators are divided into different types,
288
00:13:01,557 --> 00:13:05,542
Each with its own weapons, training, and fighting style.
289
00:13:05,630 --> 00:13:09,962
- We know of roughly between 20
to 30 main types of gladiators.
290
00:13:10,184 --> 00:13:11,622
The murmillo, for example,
291
00:13:11,710 --> 00:13:13,542
Is the armored tank of gladiators.
292
00:13:13,630 --> 00:13:15,228
He has a massive helmet.
293
00:13:15,317 --> 00:13:16,828
He has a manica, which is a segmented
294
00:13:16,917 --> 00:13:18,442
Or scaled arm guard.
295
00:13:18,664 --> 00:13:20,668
He has a large shield called a scutum
296
00:13:20,757 --> 00:13:22,355
That is about
4 feet in length.
297
00:13:22,444 --> 00:13:24,028
He has the gladius,
298
00:13:24,117 --> 00:13:26,602
The fighting weapon of the roman soldiers.
299
00:13:26,824 --> 00:13:28,262
Priscus was probably
a thracian.
300
00:13:28,350 --> 00:13:29,642
A thracian is more the middleweight.
301
00:13:29,864 --> 00:13:31,462
He's fighting with a small,
302
00:13:31,550 --> 00:13:33,948
About 60 to 65 centimeter shield called a parmula.
303
00:13:34,037 --> 00:13:36,348
His weapon is the sica.
304
00:13:36,437 --> 00:13:38,108
It's got a curve to it.
305
00:13:38,197 --> 00:13:40,508
This is to get
behind the shield.
306
00:13:40,597 --> 00:13:43,155
So he's very fast. He's very aggressive.
307
00:13:43,244 --> 00:13:45,875
And each gladiator
really brought with themselves
308
00:13:45,964 --> 00:13:48,988
A particular style of fighting
that the romans really enjoyed.
309
00:13:49,077 --> 00:13:50,355
♪ ♪
310
00:13:50,444 --> 00:13:52,028
Narrator: For the next two years,
311
00:13:52,117 --> 00:13:55,475
Priscus trains hard and his talent shines.
312
00:13:55,564 --> 00:13:58,982
He knows being the best comes with rewards.
313
00:13:59,070 --> 00:14:01,382
♪ ♪
314
00:14:01,470 --> 00:14:03,562
- If you succeed
in the gladiatorial world,
315
00:14:03,784 --> 00:14:06,822
You can earn enormous
amounts of money.
316
00:14:06,910 --> 00:14:10,922
♪ ♪
317
00:14:11,144 --> 00:14:13,002
- When you become
a professional gladiator,
318
00:14:13,224 --> 00:14:15,402
You can command
up to 12 or 13 times
319
00:14:15,624 --> 00:14:17,702
The annual salary of rome
for one fight.
320
00:14:17,790 --> 00:14:20,902
♪ ♪
321
00:14:20,990 --> 00:14:22,428
[gladiators cheer]
322
00:14:22,517 --> 00:14:24,362
- But the ultimately goal is freedom.
323
00:14:24,584 --> 00:14:26,822
This is an opportunity
not only to prove themselves,
324
00:14:26,910 --> 00:14:28,755
But more importantly,
to gain access
325
00:14:28,844 --> 00:14:30,515
To the most valued prize
of all,
326
00:14:30,604 --> 00:14:32,275
And that was their liberty.
327
00:14:32,364 --> 00:14:33,542
- The only way that a gladiator
328
00:14:33,630 --> 00:14:34,762
Was going to earn his freedom
329
00:14:34,984 --> 00:14:37,002
Was in the arena,
through his actions,
330
00:14:37,224 --> 00:14:39,302
By being so famous,
so well-known,
331
00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:42,342
So renowned that the crowd
was going to demand
332
00:14:42,430 --> 00:14:43,475
That he be freed.
333
00:14:43,564 --> 00:14:46,922
♪ ♪
334
00:14:47,144 --> 00:14:49,642
Narrator: The path to freedom for a fully-trained gladiator
335
00:14:49,864 --> 00:14:53,715
Begins in the empire's smaller amphitheaters.
336
00:14:53,804 --> 00:14:56,435
This is where reputations are made.
337
00:14:56,524 --> 00:14:59,228
- Amphitheaters have been found in practically
338
00:14:59,317 --> 00:15:03,402
Every large roman settlement,
230 of them.
339
00:15:03,624 --> 00:15:04,988
There were things that bound romans
340
00:15:05,077 --> 00:15:06,922
Together no matter where they lived.
341
00:15:07,144 --> 00:15:08,595
One of those things was the enjoyment
342
00:15:08,684 --> 00:15:11,228
Of violent spectacle like this.
343
00:15:11,317 --> 00:15:15,475
It is part of the civic fabric
of any roman city.
344
00:15:15,564 --> 00:15:17,308
[cheers and applause]
345
00:15:17,397 --> 00:15:19,782
- Being a gladiator was a very paradoxical thing.
346
00:15:19,870 --> 00:15:21,628
On the one hand, they were lauded.
347
00:15:21,717 --> 00:15:23,462
They were celebrities.
348
00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:25,802
They were sex symbols.
349
00:15:26,024 --> 00:15:30,182
They symbolized courage, tenacity, manliness.
350
00:15:30,270 --> 00:15:32,595
♪ ♪
351
00:15:32,684 --> 00:15:35,068
On the other hand,
they were looked down on.
352
00:15:35,157 --> 00:15:36,828
They were held in contempt.
353
00:15:36,917 --> 00:15:38,588
♪ ♪
354
00:15:38,677 --> 00:15:40,262
- It's not just that they were slaves.
355
00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:41,702
To be looked at in public
356
00:15:41,790 --> 00:15:43,242
Was thought to be
a degrading thing.
357
00:15:43,464 --> 00:15:46,182
So prostitutes, actors,
and gladiators
358
00:15:46,270 --> 00:15:48,348
All belonged
in the same category.
359
00:15:48,437 --> 00:15:50,268
♪ ♪
360
00:15:50,357 --> 00:15:54,195
Narrator: Gladiator fights have referees and clear rules.
361
00:15:54,284 --> 00:15:56,188
- The referee, the summa rudis,
362
00:15:56,277 --> 00:15:58,748
Would ensure that there wasn't
too much grappling,
363
00:15:58,837 --> 00:16:01,555
That there wasn't too much
circling without contact.
364
00:16:01,644 --> 00:16:08,522
♪ ♪
365
00:16:08,744 --> 00:16:10,428
Fights are normally organized
366
00:16:10,517 --> 00:16:12,348
Between combatants belonging to the same schools.
367
00:16:12,437 --> 00:16:14,662
So they're usually people who know each other.
368
00:16:14,750 --> 00:16:18,355
♪ ♪
369
00:16:18,444 --> 00:16:20,742
- Gladiatorial combat
is a mixture of violence,
370
00:16:20,830 --> 00:16:22,748
Of skill,
but also of showmanship.
371
00:16:22,837 --> 00:16:25,642
There is an element of spectacular.
372
00:16:25,864 --> 00:16:27,868
[both shouting]
373
00:16:27,957 --> 00:16:34,802
♪ ♪
374
00:16:37,224 --> 00:16:39,868
Their sole desire is to appease the crowds.
375
00:16:39,957 --> 00:16:45,875
♪ ♪
376
00:16:45,964 --> 00:16:47,722
It's a bit like modern wrestling.
377
00:16:47,944 --> 00:16:51,302
It's so dramatic. The guy's bleeding.
378
00:16:51,390 --> 00:16:53,395
He's surely finished. But he continues to fight.
379
00:16:53,484 --> 00:16:55,402
He might even win the fight himself.
380
00:16:55,624 --> 00:17:02,562
♪ ♪
381
00:17:05,224 --> 00:17:08,682
- It's a myth that every bout
resulted in the death
382
00:17:08,904 --> 00:17:10,282
Of a gladiator.
383
00:17:10,504 --> 00:17:12,435
These gladiators had gone
through years of training.
384
00:17:12,524 --> 00:17:14,268
They have been invested in,
385
00:17:14,357 --> 00:17:16,742
And you want a return on that investment.
386
00:17:16,830 --> 00:17:19,068
- Maybe one in ten gladiators
387
00:17:19,157 --> 00:17:21,148
Would actually die in the arena.
388
00:17:21,237 --> 00:17:23,708
Gladiators were too loved. They were too powerful.
389
00:17:23,797 --> 00:17:25,395
They were too important.
390
00:17:25,484 --> 00:17:27,622
It made them
almost impossible to kill.
391
00:17:27,710 --> 00:17:31,242
- We know this because we have
gladiator tombstones,
392
00:17:31,464 --> 00:17:33,382
Where it talks about a gladiator
393
00:17:33,470 --> 00:17:36,582
Who survived 34 wins and ten losses.
394
00:17:36,670 --> 00:17:38,022
♪ ♪
395
00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:40,988
- [shouting]
396
00:17:41,077 --> 00:17:43,462
♪ ♪
397
00:17:43,550 --> 00:17:45,482
But at the same time, fights to the death
398
00:17:45,704 --> 00:17:50,108
Are the highest form of gladiatorial combat.
399
00:17:50,197 --> 00:17:52,042
- In the rare occasion
they were actually told
400
00:17:52,264 --> 00:17:55,462
To fight cena missionas,
which means no mercy,
401
00:17:55,550 --> 00:17:58,428
Gladiators were to offer their throat to the victor
402
00:17:58,517 --> 00:18:00,755
And to take death as if it was nothing.
403
00:18:00,844 --> 00:18:03,228
Then you would be remembered and immortalized.
404
00:18:03,317 --> 00:18:06,195
- [gagging]
405
00:18:06,284 --> 00:18:13,042
♪ ♪
406
00:18:18,837 --> 00:18:20,422
- Didn't I tell you
he was good?
407
00:18:20,510 --> 00:18:22,195
- Yeah, you might be right.
408
00:18:22,284 --> 00:18:26,502
Might finally be your chance
to get to rome, cornelius.
409
00:18:26,590 --> 00:18:28,435
- It's within the realm of possibility
410
00:18:28,524 --> 00:18:30,602
That a guy like priscus was scouted.
411
00:18:30,824 --> 00:18:32,902
So in other words, "hey, we're inaugurating the colosseum.
412
00:18:32,990 --> 00:18:34,268
"we need the best.
413
00:18:34,357 --> 00:18:36,188
"we hear this guy
has a great reputation.
414
00:18:36,277 --> 00:18:37,482
We want him."
415
00:18:37,704 --> 00:18:44,642
♪ ♪
416
00:18:51,624 --> 00:18:54,268
- If you arrived in rome as a gladiator,
417
00:18:54,357 --> 00:18:58,442
The overall scale of it would have been very daunting.
418
00:18:58,664 --> 00:19:00,755
- Rome at last.
419
00:19:00,844 --> 00:19:02,442
We did it.
420
00:19:02,664 --> 00:19:04,348
♪ ♪
421
00:19:04,437 --> 00:19:07,475
You're going to be a champion.
422
00:19:07,564 --> 00:19:09,948
- Seeing the colosseum for the first time,
423
00:19:10,037 --> 00:19:11,635
You can imagine the conflicted feelings
424
00:19:11,724 --> 00:19:15,782
Of experiencing the awesome
power of this capital city
425
00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:19,228
That has probably
decimated your homeland.
426
00:19:19,317 --> 00:19:23,402
♪ ♪
427
00:19:23,624 --> 00:19:26,675
What's going on in your mind is that, "I might die here,
428
00:19:26,764 --> 00:19:30,282
But also, I could get my freedom."
429
00:19:33,964 --> 00:19:35,228
[dramatic music]
430
00:19:35,317 --> 00:19:36,755
Narrator: When priscus arrives in rome,
431
00:19:36,844 --> 00:19:40,348
The colosseum is in the final stage of construction.
432
00:19:40,437 --> 00:19:43,388
It's called the flavian amphitheater,
433
00:19:43,477 --> 00:19:45,075
After vespasian flavius,
434
00:19:45,164 --> 00:19:46,588
The emperor who commissioned it
435
00:19:46,677 --> 00:19:49,482
To appease the people of rome.
436
00:19:49,704 --> 00:19:52,755
But when vespasian dies, the city his son titus
437
00:19:52,844 --> 00:19:56,742
Now rules becomes even more restless.
438
00:19:56,830 --> 00:19:58,748
- Rome is a very strange place at this time.
439
00:19:58,837 --> 00:20:00,902
There is a huge
slave population,
440
00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:03,475
So the people who live in rome,
a lot of them aren't working.
441
00:20:03,564 --> 00:20:05,962
There are slaves who are
doing their dirty work.
442
00:20:06,184 --> 00:20:08,508
♪ ♪
443
00:20:08,597 --> 00:20:10,428
- It's a volatile place.
444
00:20:10,517 --> 00:20:13,162
It is full of people
who are underemployed
445
00:20:13,384 --> 00:20:16,348
Or entirely unemployed,
who are subsisting on a dole,
446
00:20:16,437 --> 00:20:19,882
Who have to be kept busy
and entertained.
447
00:20:20,104 --> 00:20:22,122
Otherwise, the city of rome
was a powder keg.
448
00:20:22,344 --> 00:20:24,115
♪ ♪
449
00:20:24,204 --> 00:20:26,442
- Titus is a successful general,
450
00:20:26,664 --> 00:20:27,882
But he's an unproven leader.
451
00:20:28,104 --> 00:20:30,762
So he has to finish
the colosseum.
452
00:20:30,984 --> 00:20:34,442
He's got to inaugurate this new venue.
453
00:20:34,664 --> 00:20:38,268
- So in 80 a.D., to extend his control,
454
00:20:38,357 --> 00:20:40,348
Make himself beloved
by the crowd,
455
00:20:40,437 --> 00:20:42,442
He declares 100 days of games.
456
00:20:42,664 --> 00:20:49,602
♪ ♪
457
00:20:58,197 --> 00:21:00,582
Narrator: Only the most outstanding gladiators
458
00:21:00,670 --> 00:21:02,822
Will be chosen to compete in the games.
459
00:21:02,910 --> 00:21:06,182
♪ ♪
460
00:21:06,270 --> 00:21:08,262
And the most formidable of them all
461
00:21:08,350 --> 00:21:10,675
Is the champion of the gladiator school
462
00:21:10,764 --> 00:21:13,062
Where priscus is now training.
463
00:21:13,150 --> 00:21:16,582
- I want to see how well you do against the champion.
464
00:21:16,670 --> 00:21:18,182
His name's verus.
465
00:21:18,270 --> 00:21:25,242
♪ ♪
466
00:21:26,037 --> 00:21:28,188
- [grunts, groans]
467
00:21:28,277 --> 00:21:35,315
♪ ♪
468
00:21:36,264 --> 00:21:38,342
- Priscus and verus certainly would have known each other.
469
00:21:38,430 --> 00:21:41,222
This is a relatively
small community of people.
470
00:21:41,310 --> 00:21:47,082
♪ ♪
471
00:21:47,304 --> 00:21:49,322
- You've got spirit.
I'll give you that.
472
00:21:49,544 --> 00:21:52,102
- Verus means,
in latin, "true."
473
00:21:52,190 --> 00:21:54,442
But in this context,
it really means
474
00:21:54,664 --> 00:21:56,042
"the real thing."
475
00:21:56,264 --> 00:21:57,555
There must have been a whole personality
476
00:21:57,644 --> 00:22:01,308
That was based around this moniker.
477
00:22:01,397 --> 00:22:03,548
- I'm also going
to give you a beating.
478
00:22:03,637 --> 00:22:09,948
♪ ♪
479
00:22:10,037 --> 00:22:12,742
- [grunts, groans]
480
00:22:12,830 --> 00:22:15,548
All: Verus! Verus! Verus!
481
00:22:15,637 --> 00:22:16,988
- Why would someone be called truth?
482
00:22:17,077 --> 00:22:19,082
Well, maybe he was true to form.
483
00:22:19,304 --> 00:22:22,108
Maybe he was the greatest, and people would say
484
00:22:22,197 --> 00:22:24,742
He truly is the greatest.
485
00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:26,035
He's the best gladiator.
486
00:22:26,124 --> 00:22:27,708
He's the most
violent gladiator.
487
00:22:27,797 --> 00:22:29,322
Or maybe it's true
that when you meet him,
488
00:22:29,544 --> 00:22:30,602
You will meet your demise.
489
00:22:30,824 --> 00:22:33,702
- [shouting]
490
00:22:33,790 --> 00:22:35,242
♪ ♪
491
00:22:35,464 --> 00:22:37,702
- We can think about rivalry amongst them.
492
00:22:37,790 --> 00:22:40,028
But at the same time,
you're in a club.
493
00:22:40,117 --> 00:22:42,182
You're in a group.
You're in a fraternity.
494
00:22:42,270 --> 00:22:49,162
♪ ♪
495
00:22:52,844 --> 00:22:54,195
- Look.
496
00:22:54,284 --> 00:22:55,795
♪ ♪
497
00:22:55,884 --> 00:22:58,602
You're tough.
498
00:22:58,824 --> 00:23:01,555
But you must fight smart
if you want to survive.
499
00:23:01,644 --> 00:23:04,102
♪ ♪
500
00:23:04,190 --> 00:23:06,035
I could help you.
501
00:23:06,124 --> 00:23:08,202
- You're living together. You're training together.
502
00:23:08,424 --> 00:23:10,502
You're sharing stories and tips and tricks.
503
00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:12,102
You're gonna get to know one another in a way
504
00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:16,102
That's almost impossible for anybody else to.
505
00:23:16,190 --> 00:23:19,155
So there's this powerful sense
of community and brotherhood
506
00:23:19,244 --> 00:23:20,902
Between gladiators.
507
00:23:20,990 --> 00:23:27,962
♪ ♪
508
00:23:32,830 --> 00:23:34,822
Gladiators had obligations
to one another
509
00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:36,348
That extended even into death.
510
00:23:36,437 --> 00:23:43,442
♪ ♪
511
00:23:46,924 --> 00:23:50,748
- When one of their own gladiators died in combat,
512
00:23:50,837 --> 00:23:54,502
Their comrades would sometimes
pull money together.
513
00:23:54,590 --> 00:24:00,668
♪ ♪
514
00:24:00,757 --> 00:24:03,562
- For megarus, my friend.
515
00:24:03,784 --> 00:24:06,675
Your predecessor.
516
00:24:06,764 --> 00:24:08,682
His funeral.
517
00:24:08,904 --> 00:24:10,282
♪ ♪
518
00:24:10,504 --> 00:24:12,682
- Why should I give money
for someone I didn't know?
519
00:24:12,904 --> 00:24:16,362
♪ ♪
520
00:24:16,584 --> 00:24:18,995
- Because when you're killed,
521
00:24:19,084 --> 00:24:22,515
Your successors
will pay for yours.
522
00:24:22,604 --> 00:24:26,502
♪ ♪
523
00:24:26,590 --> 00:24:29,542
- They would have either
paid for their burial
524
00:24:29,630 --> 00:24:32,262
Or a tombstone,
or if they had a family,
525
00:24:32,350 --> 00:24:34,282
They would look
after that family.
526
00:24:34,504 --> 00:24:41,442
♪ ♪
527
00:24:43,870 --> 00:24:46,282
Narrator: With the opening games fast approaching,
528
00:24:46,504 --> 00:24:48,682
Trainers race to secure their gladiators
529
00:24:48,904 --> 00:24:51,955
A spot in the colosseum's debut.
530
00:24:52,044 --> 00:24:57,162
♪ ♪
531
00:24:57,384 --> 00:25:00,522
[both shouting]
532
00:25:00,744 --> 00:25:02,822
- [grunts]
533
00:25:02,910 --> 00:25:04,435
- The stakes are highest for the gladiators in rome.
534
00:25:04,524 --> 00:25:05,962
If you want to have somebody
535
00:25:06,184 --> 00:25:07,475
Who's really good fight to the death,
536
00:25:07,564 --> 00:25:09,308
That's much more likely
to happen in rome,
537
00:25:09,397 --> 00:25:11,302
Where there's the money
to pay for it.
538
00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:14,662
Narrator: And new emperor, titus, has money to burn.
539
00:25:14,750 --> 00:25:16,755
♪ ♪
540
00:25:16,844 --> 00:25:18,982
- Head high. Hold. Eyes.
541
00:25:19,070 --> 00:25:20,522
[grunts]
542
00:25:20,744 --> 00:25:26,908
♪ ♪
543
00:25:26,997 --> 00:25:28,842
[chuckles]
544
00:25:29,064 --> 00:25:31,622
♪ ♪
545
00:25:31,710 --> 00:25:34,355
I've taught you
everything I know.
546
00:25:34,444 --> 00:25:36,362
I must be getting soft.
547
00:25:36,584 --> 00:25:43,522
♪ ♪
548
00:25:44,744 --> 00:25:46,442
- [shouts]
549
00:25:46,664 --> 00:25:48,362
[grunts]
550
00:25:48,584 --> 00:25:50,515
♪ ♪
551
00:25:50,604 --> 00:25:52,902
- Priscus!
[panting]
552
00:25:52,990 --> 00:25:55,708
I've got you a slot
553
00:25:55,797 --> 00:25:58,122
In the opening day
of the games.
554
00:25:58,344 --> 00:26:01,148
Headline bout.
555
00:26:01,237 --> 00:26:02,835
Weren't easy.
556
00:26:02,924 --> 00:26:05,702
Every owner wanted their man
to have a shot at verus.
557
00:26:05,790 --> 00:26:07,868
[chuckles]
558
00:26:07,957 --> 00:26:11,068
- For an event of this magnitude,
559
00:26:11,157 --> 00:26:12,668
With this kind of crowd,
560
00:26:12,757 --> 00:26:14,662
With who was going to be in attendance,
561
00:26:14,750 --> 00:26:16,582
Priscus and verus had every reason to think
562
00:26:16,670 --> 00:26:19,462
That this was going to be a death match.
563
00:26:19,550 --> 00:26:21,235
For the winner
would be freedom.
564
00:26:21,324 --> 00:26:23,402
For the loser
would probably be death.
565
00:26:23,624 --> 00:26:26,402
♪ ♪
566
00:26:29,964 --> 00:26:31,068
[dramatic music]
567
00:26:31,157 --> 00:26:32,275
Narrator: In the fall of 80 a.D.,
568
00:26:32,364 --> 00:26:34,675
The colosseum is finally ready.
569
00:26:34,764 --> 00:26:40,988
♪ ♪
570
00:26:41,077 --> 00:26:43,315
- This was the hottest ticket in rome.
571
00:26:43,404 --> 00:26:44,915
This would have been
the biggest event
572
00:26:45,004 --> 00:26:46,588
That anybody could remember
in their lifetimes.
573
00:26:46,677 --> 00:26:50,588
♪ ♪
574
00:26:50,677 --> 00:26:52,348
It starts with a procession--
575
00:26:52,437 --> 00:26:54,342
A procession of gladiators, acrobats.
576
00:26:54,430 --> 00:26:56,522
Basically, a preview of what the day's entertainment
577
00:26:56,744 --> 00:26:58,195
Is going to look like.
578
00:26:58,284 --> 00:27:03,242
♪ ♪
579
00:27:03,464 --> 00:27:05,542
[horse neighs]
580
00:27:05,630 --> 00:27:07,242
♪ ♪
581
00:27:07,464 --> 00:27:09,702
- The tickets were small pieces of lead
582
00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:13,222
That the emperor would
disburse to rome's senators,
583
00:27:13,310 --> 00:27:17,062
And from there, it would
trickle down to the population.
584
00:27:17,150 --> 00:27:18,588
♪ ♪
585
00:27:18,677 --> 00:27:20,042
- Ordinary romans would have been awed
586
00:27:20,264 --> 00:27:21,862
By walking into this building,
587
00:27:21,950 --> 00:27:24,362
The likes of which had never been seen before.
588
00:27:24,584 --> 00:27:27,142
The structure in and of itself
was part of the draw.
589
00:27:27,230 --> 00:27:29,322
There was nothing like it
in the roman world.
590
00:27:29,544 --> 00:27:34,675
♪ ♪
591
00:27:34,764 --> 00:27:38,588
- Workers dug out 220,000 tons of dirt
592
00:27:38,677 --> 00:27:40,522
To create 30-foot deep
foundations,
593
00:27:40,744 --> 00:27:43,315
3 1/2 million tons of travertine stone,
594
00:27:43,404 --> 00:27:45,308
A million bricks,
595
00:27:45,397 --> 00:27:49,222
And 300 tons of iron clamps to hold the stone together.
596
00:27:49,310 --> 00:27:53,628
- This massive structure
located in the heart of rome,
597
00:27:53,717 --> 00:27:56,988
Punctuated by
80 arched entrances.
598
00:27:57,077 --> 00:27:59,142
Estimates of seating capacity range
599
00:27:59,230 --> 00:28:02,108
Between 50,000 and 80,000.
600
00:28:02,197 --> 00:28:04,582
♪ ♪
601
00:28:04,670 --> 00:28:07,548
[grand music plays]
602
00:28:07,637 --> 00:28:12,102
♪ ♪
603
00:28:12,190 --> 00:28:15,068
[cheers and applause]
604
00:28:15,157 --> 00:28:18,122
[dramatic music]
605
00:28:18,344 --> 00:28:23,882
♪ ♪
606
00:28:24,104 --> 00:28:25,322
- Seating in
the roman colosseum
607
00:28:25,544 --> 00:28:28,188
Was a microcosm
of how rank worked
608
00:28:28,277 --> 00:28:30,602
In roman society as a whole.
609
00:28:30,824 --> 00:28:34,122
- The emperor sat in a seat of honor in the front,
610
00:28:34,344 --> 00:28:37,308
Surrounded by the senators and the state priestesses,
611
00:28:37,397 --> 00:28:38,442
The vestal virgins.
612
00:28:38,664 --> 00:28:40,668
And as you went up higher,
613
00:28:40,757 --> 00:28:42,268
The rank of people
614
00:28:42,357 --> 00:28:44,435
Would go down lower
in the social class
615
00:28:44,524 --> 00:28:46,822
Until you got to the very top
of the colosseum.
616
00:28:46,910 --> 00:28:49,468
You'd have noncitizens and slaves,
617
00:28:49,557 --> 00:28:52,028
And that was the only place where women could sit,
618
00:28:52,117 --> 00:28:54,268
Other than the vestal virgins.
619
00:28:54,357 --> 00:28:59,462
♪ ♪
620
00:28:59,550 --> 00:29:01,162
Narrator: Before the games begin,
621
00:29:01,384 --> 00:29:05,555
Priscus and verus enter the arena to greet the crowd.
622
00:29:05,644 --> 00:29:07,302
♪ ♪
623
00:29:07,390 --> 00:29:10,268
[crowd chattering]
624
00:29:10,357 --> 00:29:12,348
♪ ♪
625
00:29:12,437 --> 00:29:14,835
- Walking out from the darkened tunnels
626
00:29:14,924 --> 00:29:16,595
Into the light,
627
00:29:16,684 --> 00:29:20,115
The color,
all those people there
628
00:29:20,204 --> 00:29:22,442
Would have been
an extraordinary experience
629
00:29:22,664 --> 00:29:24,668
For priscus and verus.
630
00:29:24,757 --> 00:29:29,542
♪ ♪
631
00:29:29,630 --> 00:29:33,002
- Can you imagine if you are a gladiator from germany,
632
00:29:33,224 --> 00:29:34,602
And you look up at the imperial box--
633
00:29:34,824 --> 00:29:37,322
There is rome's emperor in the flesh,
634
00:29:37,544 --> 00:29:40,275
With the power of life
and death over you.
635
00:29:40,364 --> 00:29:42,602
Well, that must have been
an overwhelming experience.
636
00:29:42,824 --> 00:29:44,582
♪ ♪
637
00:29:44,670 --> 00:29:46,502
The emperor's presence
638
00:29:46,590 --> 00:29:49,482
In the imperial box
was absolutely key.
639
00:29:49,704 --> 00:29:52,988
The emperor could see everyone and everyone could see him.
640
00:29:53,077 --> 00:29:55,942
- The games are all about roman emperors
641
00:29:56,030 --> 00:29:57,642
Giving the people
what they need.
642
00:29:57,864 --> 00:30:00,275
And it's always described
as bread and circuses.
643
00:30:00,364 --> 00:30:02,442
They had to feed the people of rome.
644
00:30:02,664 --> 00:30:04,828
But once they were fed,
they had to be entertained,
645
00:30:04,917 --> 00:30:06,762
And they loved these shows.
646
00:30:06,984 --> 00:30:08,582
- We might call it a bribe.
647
00:30:08,670 --> 00:30:12,202
This was titus saying,
"I'm providing this for you.
648
00:30:12,424 --> 00:30:14,502
Please, please, please
don't rise up."
649
00:30:14,590 --> 00:30:16,902
♪ ♪
650
00:30:16,990 --> 00:30:19,942
Narrator: With titus is his younger brother domitian,
651
00:30:20,030 --> 00:30:22,195
A potential rival.
652
00:30:22,284 --> 00:30:26,442
- While titus had been
charming and suave,
653
00:30:26,664 --> 00:30:29,862
Domitian was not
a pleasing person at all.
654
00:30:29,950 --> 00:30:31,795
- Not a bad crowd, brother.
655
00:30:31,884 --> 00:30:33,702
♪ ♪
656
00:30:33,790 --> 00:30:36,915
They seem excitable.
657
00:30:37,004 --> 00:30:39,475
- He was sullen, he was suspicious,
658
00:30:39,564 --> 00:30:41,075
And by all accounts,
659
00:30:41,164 --> 00:30:43,155
Very jealous
of his elder brother.
660
00:30:43,244 --> 00:30:47,475
♪ ♪
661
00:30:47,564 --> 00:30:49,482
- Well, verus feels like
the most popular man
662
00:30:49,704 --> 00:30:52,202
In rome right now.
663
00:30:52,424 --> 00:30:54,835
- Priscus will provide
equal contest, I'm sure.
664
00:30:54,924 --> 00:30:57,308
- I hope so. For your sake.
665
00:30:57,397 --> 00:30:59,462
♪ ♪
666
00:30:59,550 --> 00:31:02,355
- These are our games, brother.
667
00:31:02,444 --> 00:31:04,362
Our games.
668
00:31:04,584 --> 00:31:07,242
- Titus and his family were a new dynasty.
669
00:31:07,464 --> 00:31:09,482
They needed to show
that they were good for rome,
670
00:31:09,704 --> 00:31:12,028
And that was what
the colosseum was about.
671
00:31:12,117 --> 00:31:15,635
♪ ♪
672
00:31:15,724 --> 00:31:18,035
- Everybody is watching titus to see if he slips.
673
00:31:18,124 --> 00:31:19,562
And if he slips, well,
674
00:31:19,784 --> 00:31:21,862
In rome's there's always
a dagger waiting for you.
675
00:31:21,950 --> 00:31:24,902
♪ ♪
676
00:31:24,990 --> 00:31:27,282
- Let the games begin!
677
00:31:30,984 --> 00:31:31,402
[dramatic music]
678
00:31:31,624 --> 00:31:32,595
♪ ♪
679
00:31:32,684 --> 00:31:34,268
Narrator: The games held by titus
680
00:31:34,357 --> 00:31:37,482
Are designed to showcase his power and wealth.
681
00:31:37,704 --> 00:31:41,162
They cost an estimated $10 million per day,
682
00:31:41,384 --> 00:31:42,835
In today's money.
683
00:31:42,924 --> 00:31:46,022
♪ ♪
684
00:31:46,110 --> 00:31:49,555
The schedule is an astonishing festival of death.
685
00:31:49,644 --> 00:31:51,622
♪ ♪
686
00:31:51,710 --> 00:31:54,122
- The standard sequence of events was as follows:
687
00:31:54,344 --> 00:31:56,362
In the morning is when
you had the venationes,
688
00:31:56,584 --> 00:31:58,268
The beast combats.
689
00:31:58,357 --> 00:32:02,822
♪ ♪
690
00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:04,042
- [shouts]
[blade pierces]
691
00:32:04,264 --> 00:32:05,555
[lion roars]
[cheers and applause]
692
00:32:05,644 --> 00:32:07,722
- At noon, the meridiani.
693
00:32:07,944 --> 00:32:09,862
This is when the executions of criminals
694
00:32:09,950 --> 00:32:13,948
Condemned to death took place, in ways that were memorable.
695
00:32:14,037 --> 00:32:15,782
- [screaming]
696
00:32:15,870 --> 00:32:18,282
- And in the afternoon is when
you had the paired combats,
697
00:32:18,504 --> 00:32:20,042
The gladiators,
698
00:32:20,264 --> 00:32:22,588
The ones that entertained
most of the people.
699
00:32:22,677 --> 00:32:27,068
♪ ♪
700
00:32:27,157 --> 00:32:29,555
- When we are out there,
701
00:32:29,644 --> 00:32:33,395
You're not my friend.
702
00:32:33,484 --> 00:32:36,742
You are not my brother.
703
00:32:36,830 --> 00:32:38,588
You are my enemy.
704
00:32:38,677 --> 00:32:45,148
♪ ♪
705
00:32:45,237 --> 00:32:47,942
And whatever happens
out there today...
706
00:32:48,030 --> 00:32:50,342
♪ ♪
707
00:32:50,430 --> 00:32:52,582
Both of us--
708
00:32:52,670 --> 00:32:54,662
Both of us will be free.
709
00:32:54,750 --> 00:33:01,682
♪ ♪
710
00:33:03,070 --> 00:33:06,108
- There are huge stakes for priscus and verus.
711
00:33:06,197 --> 00:33:07,782
The pressure must have been incredible.
712
00:33:07,870 --> 00:33:10,282
They are the headlining fight.
713
00:33:10,504 --> 00:33:12,028
And they will walk into that arena
714
00:33:12,117 --> 00:33:14,268
Knowing that one of them
715
00:33:14,357 --> 00:33:16,102
May not walk
out of there alive.
716
00:33:16,190 --> 00:33:20,828
♪ ♪
717
00:33:20,917 --> 00:33:22,282
Narrator: If priscus was a thracian,
718
00:33:22,504 --> 00:33:24,202
Armed with a deadly sica,
719
00:33:24,424 --> 00:33:28,522
Then verus was probably a more heavily-armored murmillo.
720
00:33:28,744 --> 00:33:30,442
- If you have a thracian,
721
00:33:30,664 --> 00:33:32,842
Almost always paired with a murmillo.
722
00:33:33,064 --> 00:33:35,082
And we can imagine,
in that main event,
723
00:33:35,304 --> 00:33:37,555
With these two
most famous gladiators,
724
00:33:37,644 --> 00:33:39,622
That you'd have
some sort of epic pairing.
725
00:33:39,710 --> 00:33:46,562
♪ ♪
726
00:33:48,597 --> 00:33:50,268
Narrator: Gladiators enter the arena
727
00:33:50,357 --> 00:33:53,395
Through the porta sanavivaria, the gate of life.
728
00:33:53,484 --> 00:33:56,422
If victorious, they leave the same way.
729
00:33:56,510 --> 00:33:58,195
If defeated, they exit
730
00:33:58,284 --> 00:34:02,282
Through the porta libitina, the gate of death.
731
00:34:02,504 --> 00:34:04,522
- Titus sets some rules for the fight.
732
00:34:04,744 --> 00:34:06,282
It cannot be a draw.
733
00:34:06,504 --> 00:34:09,235
It has to be until one of the gladiators submits.
734
00:34:09,324 --> 00:34:12,042
Then they appeal to the emperor for mercy.
735
00:34:12,264 --> 00:34:14,282
But it's highly likely
that this,
736
00:34:14,504 --> 00:34:17,555
The headline act
of titus' games,
737
00:34:17,644 --> 00:34:19,955
Is going to result
in the death of one of them.
738
00:34:20,044 --> 00:34:22,762
♪ ♪
739
00:34:22,984 --> 00:34:25,002
Narrator: The winner will be given a rudus,
740
00:34:25,224 --> 00:34:27,475
A wooden staff given as a trophy,
741
00:34:27,564 --> 00:34:29,802
Which symbolizes his freedom.
742
00:34:30,024 --> 00:34:32,828
♪ ♪
743
00:34:32,917 --> 00:34:36,742
Both: Hail caesar!
744
00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:38,428
- So the stakes
couldn't be higher.
745
00:34:38,517 --> 00:34:40,275
It's death or freedom.
746
00:34:40,364 --> 00:34:47,155
♪ ♪
747
00:34:47,244 --> 00:34:49,788
- Titus favored the thracian style of fighting,
748
00:34:49,877 --> 00:34:51,402
And domitian, the murmillo.
749
00:34:51,624 --> 00:34:53,002
- The fact that the two brothers
750
00:34:53,224 --> 00:34:55,242
Would have been rooting for different gladiators
751
00:34:55,464 --> 00:34:57,222
Would have been known to the audience.
752
00:34:57,310 --> 00:35:01,235
And it would have added even
more drama to the proceedings.
753
00:35:01,324 --> 00:35:06,108
♪ ♪
754
00:35:06,197 --> 00:35:09,202
[cheers and applause]
755
00:35:11,637 --> 00:35:15,302
[both shouting]
756
00:35:15,390 --> 00:35:18,342
- Imagine having a huge metal pot,
757
00:35:18,430 --> 00:35:20,915
Essentially, on your head-- you can't breathe,
758
00:35:21,004 --> 00:35:23,942
Your eyesight's limited, you're lifting a heavy shield.
759
00:35:24,030 --> 00:35:26,442
You've got 35 to 40 pounds of armor.
760
00:35:26,664 --> 00:35:33,602
♪ ♪
761
00:35:40,437 --> 00:35:44,742
The noise of the crowd, the heat, your heart pumping--
762
00:35:44,830 --> 00:35:46,982
And remember, you're fighting for your life, on top of that.
763
00:35:47,070 --> 00:35:49,702
It's gonna take nerves of steel.
764
00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:52,115
♪ ♪
765
00:35:52,204 --> 00:35:55,622
But if you fight bravely enough
and the emperor graces you,
766
00:35:55,710 --> 00:35:58,035
It's the chance of being free,
of becoming a citizen,
767
00:35:58,124 --> 00:35:59,942
Of becoming someone normal.
768
00:36:00,030 --> 00:36:06,835
♪ ♪
769
00:36:06,924 --> 00:36:09,382
- Martial's poem tells us
that the fight between them
770
00:36:09,470 --> 00:36:12,042
Was grueling,
that it went on for hours.
771
00:36:12,264 --> 00:36:18,922
♪ ♪
772
00:36:19,144 --> 00:36:21,002
- This is what martial says.
773
00:36:21,224 --> 00:36:23,462
"priscus desperately played for time.
774
00:36:23,550 --> 00:36:25,468
"verus struggled
to hold on, too.
775
00:36:25,557 --> 00:36:28,115
Neither could get the better
of their mortal combat."
776
00:36:28,204 --> 00:36:29,788
♪ ♪
777
00:36:29,877 --> 00:36:32,348
- Most bouts-- over pretty quickly.
778
00:36:32,437 --> 00:36:35,955
Just a couple of minutes.
But this one here is epic.
779
00:36:36,044 --> 00:36:38,762
This one here
is on the level of,
780
00:36:38,984 --> 00:36:41,788
You know, the greatest heroes
in mythology.
781
00:36:41,877 --> 00:36:45,308
♪ ♪
782
00:36:45,397 --> 00:36:46,908
It's something special,
783
00:36:46,997 --> 00:36:49,062
And you know that great things
are gonna happen,
784
00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:50,588
Things that
you've never seen before.
785
00:36:50,677 --> 00:36:52,842
♪ ♪
786
00:36:53,064 --> 00:36:54,202
- [shouts]
787
00:36:58,024 --> 00:36:59,142
[dramatic music]
788
00:36:59,230 --> 00:37:00,582
Narrator: The colosseum is finally open,
789
00:37:00,670 --> 00:37:03,068
And emperor titus has promised rome's people
790
00:37:03,157 --> 00:37:04,742
A fight to the death
791
00:37:04,830 --> 00:37:06,748
Between two famous gladiators,
792
00:37:06,837 --> 00:37:08,202
Priscus and verus.
793
00:37:08,424 --> 00:37:10,662
- [shouts]
794
00:37:10,750 --> 00:37:13,788
[both shouting]
795
00:37:13,877 --> 00:37:16,042
[cheers and applause]
796
00:37:16,264 --> 00:37:17,395
- Everyone involved--
797
00:37:17,484 --> 00:37:20,102
The 50,000 spectators,
the emperor,
798
00:37:20,190 --> 00:37:23,068
And the two gladiators--
they all know
799
00:37:23,157 --> 00:37:26,022
That one man is gonna win and one man will died.
800
00:37:26,110 --> 00:37:28,755
♪ ♪
801
00:37:28,844 --> 00:37:31,155
- Martial indicates that it was not just the skills
802
00:37:31,244 --> 00:37:32,842
And the strength,
803
00:37:33,064 --> 00:37:35,142
But the long-term commitment
804
00:37:35,230 --> 00:37:37,148
That touched on the spirit,
805
00:37:37,237 --> 00:37:38,908
That really impressed
the crowd.
806
00:37:38,997 --> 00:37:46,002
♪ ♪
807
00:38:00,904 --> 00:38:02,502
- It would have been exhausting.
808
00:38:02,590 --> 00:38:04,102
Even professional fighters today,
809
00:38:04,190 --> 00:38:06,022
Who are exceptionally well-conditioned,
810
00:38:06,110 --> 00:38:07,942
Do not fight and just throw blows at each other
811
00:38:08,030 --> 00:38:09,715
Until somebody drops.
812
00:38:09,804 --> 00:38:12,915
There is always going to be
some breaks in the action.
813
00:38:13,004 --> 00:38:14,442
♪ ♪
814
00:38:14,664 --> 00:38:17,062
- Fights are exhausting. You need to stop.
815
00:38:17,150 --> 00:38:18,355
You need to get some refreshments.
816
00:38:18,444 --> 00:38:21,062
You need some water.
817
00:38:21,150 --> 00:38:23,635
- We know that they fought
so bravely
818
00:38:23,724 --> 00:38:27,955
That their actions are still
spoken about 2,000 years later.
819
00:38:28,044 --> 00:38:32,508
Think about the last round of a championship boxing fight,
820
00:38:32,597 --> 00:38:35,795
When you see these two men unable to continue fighting.
821
00:38:35,884 --> 00:38:37,875
They're hugging. They can barely lift.
822
00:38:37,964 --> 00:38:39,228
The power's gone.
823
00:38:39,317 --> 00:38:41,162
[both grunting, groaning]
824
00:38:41,384 --> 00:38:44,508
[crowd chatters]
825
00:38:44,597 --> 00:38:46,342
- Your man looks tired.
826
00:38:46,430 --> 00:38:47,722
- They're both tired.
827
00:38:47,944 --> 00:38:50,822
[both shouting, grunting]
828
00:38:50,910 --> 00:38:57,882
♪ ♪
829
00:39:08,424 --> 00:39:14,502
♪ ♪
830
00:39:14,590 --> 00:39:16,422
- "they battled
to a brutal draw.
831
00:39:16,510 --> 00:39:18,428
"now, each was dead
on his feet.
832
00:39:18,517 --> 00:39:21,322
"but caesar was bound by the letter of his own law.
833
00:39:21,544 --> 00:39:24,202
"the rules were clear: There had to be a winner.
834
00:39:24,424 --> 00:39:28,742
And only a raised finger could stop the bout."
835
00:39:28,830 --> 00:39:32,742
- If the gladiator is wounded, if he's down on the sands,
836
00:39:32,830 --> 00:39:35,315
He can lift his finger
837
00:39:35,404 --> 00:39:38,108
And ask for misio--
838
00:39:38,197 --> 00:39:41,062
Ask for survival.
839
00:39:41,150 --> 00:39:43,562
♪ ♪
840
00:39:43,784 --> 00:39:46,662
[crowd chatters]
841
00:39:46,750 --> 00:39:53,722
♪ ♪
842
00:40:00,917 --> 00:40:04,755
- What martial says is that
they both submitted.
843
00:40:04,844 --> 00:40:07,068
And the crowd don't know what to make of it.
844
00:40:07,157 --> 00:40:11,302
♪ ♪
845
00:40:11,390 --> 00:40:13,788
- One staff.
846
00:40:13,877 --> 00:40:15,722
One winner.
847
00:40:15,944 --> 00:40:22,948
♪ ♪
848
00:40:23,564 --> 00:40:24,988
- The outcome of the games
849
00:40:25,077 --> 00:40:26,515
Is ultimately decided by the emperor.
850
00:40:26,604 --> 00:40:28,668
But he's there to please the audience.
851
00:40:28,757 --> 00:40:29,802
It's very rare
that the emperor's
852
00:40:30,024 --> 00:40:31,082
Gonna go against the people
853
00:40:31,304 --> 00:40:33,148
Because he does not want
to be unpopular.
854
00:40:33,237 --> 00:40:34,748
♪ ♪
855
00:40:34,837 --> 00:40:37,715
[cheers and applause]
856
00:40:37,804 --> 00:40:43,068
♪ ♪
857
00:40:43,157 --> 00:40:45,235
- And the crowd, you can
imagine they're going wild.
858
00:40:45,324 --> 00:40:47,548
Some of them would have been cheering for priscus,
859
00:40:47,637 --> 00:40:49,062
Some cheering for verus.
860
00:40:49,150 --> 00:40:50,675
What's the emperor going to do?
861
00:40:50,764 --> 00:40:52,842
He might say, "well, you've both submitted.
862
00:40:53,064 --> 00:40:54,662
You should both die."
863
00:40:54,750 --> 00:40:57,395
♪ ♪
864
00:40:57,484 --> 00:41:00,362
- Ultimately, titus is gonna
have to make a decision.
865
00:41:00,584 --> 00:41:04,188
But he cannot go against his word.
866
00:41:04,277 --> 00:41:06,908
- As my brother
has reminded me...
867
00:41:06,997 --> 00:41:09,235
♪ ♪
868
00:41:09,324 --> 00:41:10,835
There is only one staff.
869
00:41:10,924 --> 00:41:12,902
♪ ♪
870
00:41:12,990 --> 00:41:15,475
And that means
871
00:41:15,564 --> 00:41:19,782
There can only be one winner!
872
00:41:19,870 --> 00:41:22,355
[cheers and applause]
873
00:41:22,444 --> 00:41:25,482
- Holding the rudus,
this symbol of liberty,
874
00:41:25,704 --> 00:41:27,868
Titus is literally holding
875
00:41:27,957 --> 00:41:31,462
Their life and death
in his hands.
876
00:41:31,550 --> 00:41:38,522
♪ ♪
877
00:41:50,430 --> 00:41:57,362
♪ ♪
878
00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:00,755
[crowd chatters]
879
00:42:00,844 --> 00:42:04,362
♪ ♪
880
00:42:04,584 --> 00:42:06,182
- To you both.
881
00:42:06,270 --> 00:42:13,242
♪ ♪
882
00:42:15,404 --> 00:42:20,102
Champions of rome!
883
00:42:20,190 --> 00:42:23,475
[cheers and applause]
884
00:42:23,564 --> 00:42:26,995
- Titus ultimately doesn't designate one the winner
885
00:42:27,084 --> 00:42:28,668
And one the loser.
886
00:42:28,757 --> 00:42:30,428
Both were the victors--
887
00:42:30,517 --> 00:42:33,308
Victors, in this case,
over death.
888
00:42:33,397 --> 00:42:34,908
♪ ♪
889
00:42:34,997 --> 00:42:37,002
- Titus is stealing the limelight.
890
00:42:37,224 --> 00:42:39,868
But he's showing that he is ultimately in charge
891
00:42:39,957 --> 00:42:42,268
Of life and death over everybody.
892
00:42:42,357 --> 00:42:45,308
And if you fight well,
if you serve him well,
893
00:42:45,397 --> 00:42:48,842
If you're loyal to the emperor,
then you will be rewarded.
894
00:42:49,064 --> 00:42:50,835
[victorious music]
895
00:42:50,924 --> 00:42:53,542
Narrator: Titus has used his political instincts
896
00:42:53,630 --> 00:42:57,308
To turn a potential embarrassment into a triumph.
897
00:42:57,397 --> 00:43:00,275
♪ ♪
898
00:43:00,364 --> 00:43:05,322
- It's a culmination of power,
of control, of distraction.
899
00:43:05,544 --> 00:43:09,002
It's everything, really, the colosseum stood for.
900
00:43:09,224 --> 00:43:11,635
- Imagine what it must feel like for priscus and verus--
901
00:43:11,724 --> 00:43:15,402
Overwhelming relief, pride, joy,
902
00:43:15,624 --> 00:43:17,002
And they will have been conscious
903
00:43:17,224 --> 00:43:19,882
That they're going to be remembered forever.
904
00:43:20,104 --> 00:43:23,122
And here we are, still talking about them.
905
00:43:25,717 --> 00:43:27,475
[dramatic music]
906
00:43:27,564 --> 00:43:29,482
- My father demands a new palace.
907
00:43:29,704 --> 00:43:31,142
And it must be built
without delay.
908
00:43:31,230 --> 00:43:32,902
- It will be done.
909
00:43:32,990 --> 00:43:34,982
- In size and scale and scope,
910
00:43:35,070 --> 00:43:37,948
The colosseum was the ultimate.
911
00:43:38,037 --> 00:43:39,302
- And it's a place that was built
912
00:43:39,390 --> 00:43:41,555
In order to provide unity
to rome.
913
00:43:41,644 --> 00:43:43,228
Both: Hail caesar!
914
00:43:43,317 --> 00:43:47,142
- A great set of games
will revive this whole city.
915
00:43:47,230 --> 00:43:51,155
- It was the symbol
of how to live as a roman
916
00:43:51,244 --> 00:43:53,642
And how to die as a roman...
917
00:43:53,864 --> 00:43:54,835
- [roars]
918
00:43:54,924 --> 00:43:56,902
- With strength, with courage,
919
00:43:56,990 --> 00:43:58,502
And with honor.
920
00:43:58,590 --> 00:44:00,755
- I want to be a gladiator.
921
00:44:00,844 --> 00:44:02,602
- You don't belong here.
922
00:44:02,824 --> 00:44:04,422
- [grunts]
923
00:44:04,510 --> 00:44:06,675
- I'll hold the greatest games
the world has ever seen.
924
00:44:06,764 --> 00:44:08,188
- Hold it!
[whip cracks]
925
00:44:08,277 --> 00:44:10,035
- [roars]
- [shouts]
926
00:44:10,124 --> 00:44:12,842
- As long as the colosseum stands,
927
00:44:13,064 --> 00:44:15,708
Rome shall stand.
928
00:44:15,797 --> 00:44:19,548
If the colosseum falls,
rome will fall.
929
00:44:19,637 --> 00:44:23,155
♪ ♪
930
00:44:23,244 --> 00:44:27,068
- The only way most of us leave the colosseum...
931
00:44:27,157 --> 00:44:29,308
♪ ♪
932
00:44:29,397 --> 00:44:30,515
Is as dust.
933
00:44:30,604 --> 00:44:32,922
♪ ♪
67644
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