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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,644 --> 00:00:04,988 [dramatic music] 2 00:00:05,077 --> 00:00:08,275 [swords clanging, crowd shouting] 3 00:00:08,364 --> 00:00:10,268 ♪ ♪ 4 00:00:10,357 --> 00:00:12,755 - When we are out there, 5 00:00:12,844 --> 00:00:14,908 You're not my friend. 6 00:00:14,997 --> 00:00:16,595 ♪ ♪ 7 00:00:16,684 --> 00:00:18,662 You are my enemy. 8 00:00:18,750 --> 00:00:22,588 ♪ ♪ 9 00:00:22,677 --> 00:00:24,028 - [screams] 10 00:00:24,117 --> 00:00:26,822 - And whatever happens out there today... 11 00:00:26,910 --> 00:00:29,222 ♪ ♪ 12 00:00:29,310 --> 00:00:31,402 Both of us-- 13 00:00:31,624 --> 00:00:33,542 Both of us will be free. 14 00:00:33,630 --> 00:00:37,222 ♪ ♪ 15 00:00:37,310 --> 00:00:38,282 [cheers and applause] 16 00:00:38,504 --> 00:00:41,628 [swords clanging, fighter screams] 17 00:00:41,717 --> 00:00:42,835 [trumpets blare] 18 00:00:42,924 --> 00:00:45,802 [mystical music] 19 00:00:46,024 --> 00:00:48,275 ♪ ♪ 20 00:00:48,364 --> 00:00:51,155 - The colosseum is the roman empire 21 00:00:51,244 --> 00:00:53,235 Distilled to its most basic essence. 22 00:00:53,324 --> 00:00:54,342 [dramatic music] 23 00:00:54,430 --> 00:00:55,475 - [roars] 24 00:00:55,564 --> 00:00:57,148 - It is a symbol of conquest. 25 00:00:57,237 --> 00:00:58,502 [sword clanging] 26 00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:01,162 It's a symbol of dominance. 27 00:01:01,384 --> 00:01:02,922 It's a symbol of imperial power 28 00:01:03,144 --> 00:01:04,915 Radiating throughout the roman world. 29 00:01:05,004 --> 00:01:07,228 [crank creaking] 30 00:01:07,317 --> 00:01:09,075 - Now! 31 00:01:09,164 --> 00:01:10,835 - [roars] 32 00:01:10,924 --> 00:01:13,788 - Any emperor had the colosseum at his disposal 33 00:01:13,877 --> 00:01:17,468 To use as a tool to reassert his power and authority. 34 00:01:17,557 --> 00:01:19,402 [crowd cheers] 35 00:01:19,624 --> 00:01:21,162 - The message to the roman people 36 00:01:21,384 --> 00:01:24,508 Is that life is a combat. 37 00:01:24,597 --> 00:01:26,108 ♪ ♪ 38 00:01:26,197 --> 00:01:29,395 - It was also a judicial warning. 39 00:01:29,484 --> 00:01:32,435 Do not test the power of rome. 40 00:01:32,524 --> 00:01:34,675 It was a death penalty offense. 41 00:01:34,764 --> 00:01:35,868 ♪ ♪ 42 00:01:35,957 --> 00:01:37,075 - [screams] 43 00:01:37,164 --> 00:01:39,242 [cheers and applause] 44 00:01:39,464 --> 00:01:43,635 - If you live by the sword, you die by the sword. 45 00:01:43,724 --> 00:01:46,602 ♪ ♪ 46 00:01:46,824 --> 00:01:50,195 - It demonstrates the power of the colosseum. 47 00:01:50,284 --> 00:01:53,788 It made slaves into heroes, 48 00:01:53,877 --> 00:01:56,275 Upending the power structure of rome. 49 00:01:56,364 --> 00:01:58,122 ♪ ♪ 50 00:01:58,344 --> 00:02:00,755 - The colosseum would come to symbolize 51 00:02:00,844 --> 00:02:03,068 The rise and fall of rome. 52 00:02:03,157 --> 00:02:05,482 ♪ ♪ 53 00:02:05,704 --> 00:02:07,302 - It's all there-- 54 00:02:07,390 --> 00:02:09,802 The blood, the glory, the magnificence, 55 00:02:10,024 --> 00:02:12,275 And the flaws... 56 00:02:12,364 --> 00:02:14,355 That made rome the greatest empire 57 00:02:14,444 --> 00:02:16,262 That europe has ever seen. 58 00:02:16,350 --> 00:02:23,322 ♪ ♪ 59 00:02:26,024 --> 00:02:28,902 [soft dramatic music] 60 00:02:28,990 --> 00:02:35,962 ♪ ♪ 61 00:02:39,157 --> 00:02:40,988 Narrator: In the first century a.D., 62 00:02:41,077 --> 00:02:43,622 Rome is the biggest city on earth, 63 00:02:43,710 --> 00:02:46,502 With a population of more than a million people. 64 00:02:46,590 --> 00:02:51,402 ♪ ♪ 65 00:02:51,624 --> 00:02:54,195 Now, after eight years of construction, 66 00:02:54,284 --> 00:02:56,755 The largest amphitheater in the ancient world 67 00:02:56,844 --> 00:02:59,782 Has just opened. 68 00:02:59,870 --> 00:03:04,422 - The colosseum in rome is one of the most iconic structures 69 00:03:04,510 --> 00:03:06,922 In the history of humanity. 70 00:03:07,144 --> 00:03:09,162 It really was a sight to behold. 71 00:03:09,384 --> 00:03:12,102 - The colosseum hosted a wide variety 72 00:03:12,190 --> 00:03:14,428 Of bloody entertainment-- 73 00:03:14,517 --> 00:03:17,382 Gladiatorial contests, wild beast hunts, 74 00:03:17,470 --> 00:03:19,795 Executions of condemned criminals. 75 00:03:19,884 --> 00:03:21,862 The roman people were, in some sense, 76 00:03:21,950 --> 00:03:23,782 Connoisseurs of violence. 77 00:03:23,870 --> 00:03:27,068 They expected and received a whole variety 78 00:03:27,157 --> 00:03:29,308 Of different kinds of bloody entertainment. 79 00:03:29,397 --> 00:03:31,402 ♪ ♪ 80 00:03:31,624 --> 00:03:34,502 [grand music plays] 81 00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:38,022 ♪ ♪ 82 00:03:38,110 --> 00:03:40,988 [cheers and applause] 83 00:03:41,077 --> 00:03:43,955 [dramatic music] 84 00:03:44,044 --> 00:03:48,042 ♪ ♪ 85 00:03:48,264 --> 00:03:50,922 Narrator: The new emperor, titus, is a war hero 86 00:03:51,144 --> 00:03:55,228 Who inherited the throne less than a year ago. 87 00:03:55,317 --> 00:03:58,602 The empire he now commands began with rome's founding 88 00:03:58,824 --> 00:04:02,748 As a powerful city-state in 753 b.C. 89 00:04:02,837 --> 00:04:05,222 It conquers the italian peninsula, 90 00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:08,435 Then ancient greece, the seafarers of carthage, 91 00:04:08,524 --> 00:04:10,108 The pharaohs of egypt, 92 00:04:10,197 --> 00:04:13,642 And by 80 a.D., most of western europe. 93 00:04:13,864 --> 00:04:15,782 - It's a colossal empire, 94 00:04:15,870 --> 00:04:17,642 One of the largest the world's ever known. 95 00:04:17,864 --> 00:04:20,915 And rome is its capital. 96 00:04:21,004 --> 00:04:23,142 Narrator: But despite his extraordinary power, 97 00:04:23,230 --> 00:04:25,002 Titus is vulnerable. 98 00:04:25,224 --> 00:04:27,548 [cheers and applause] 99 00:04:27,637 --> 00:04:30,515 He's part of a new dynasty, the flavians, 100 00:04:30,604 --> 00:04:33,542 Who seized power after a bloody civil war. 101 00:04:33,630 --> 00:04:37,322 His rule follows years of political turmoil. 102 00:04:37,544 --> 00:04:41,062 - Titus was well aware of the fragility of his position. 103 00:04:41,150 --> 00:04:44,362 He is the fifth emperor in 11 years, 104 00:04:44,584 --> 00:04:48,102 And his family has no hereditary claim 105 00:04:48,190 --> 00:04:49,322 To ruling the empire. 106 00:04:49,544 --> 00:04:51,228 They are usurpers. 107 00:04:51,317 --> 00:04:52,582 Narrator: To cement his power 108 00:04:52,670 --> 00:04:54,268 And win the love of the people, 109 00:04:54,357 --> 00:04:56,435 Titus has declared an unprecedented 110 00:04:56,524 --> 00:05:01,062 100 days of games to inaugurate the colosseum. 111 00:05:01,150 --> 00:05:03,242 - Titus had a lot riding on these games. 112 00:05:03,464 --> 00:05:05,715 He knew that the roman mob was fickle 113 00:05:05,804 --> 00:05:08,582 And that they could turn on him easily 114 00:05:08,670 --> 00:05:12,422 If things didn't go their way and they weren't entertained. 115 00:05:12,510 --> 00:05:14,342 There was a high penalty for failure. 116 00:05:14,430 --> 00:05:16,508 He would pay with his life. 117 00:05:16,597 --> 00:05:18,182 ♪ ♪ 118 00:05:18,270 --> 00:05:19,795 Narrator: To mark the colosseum's opening, 119 00:05:19,884 --> 00:05:22,108 Titus lines up a fight to the death 120 00:05:22,197 --> 00:05:25,382 Between two of the empire's best-known gladiators, 121 00:05:25,470 --> 00:05:28,102 Rome's champion, verus, 122 00:05:28,190 --> 00:05:30,675 And the barbarian, priscus. 123 00:05:30,764 --> 00:05:37,802 ♪ ♪ 124 00:05:39,304 --> 00:05:41,802 - They are the prime athletes of ancient rome. 125 00:05:42,024 --> 00:05:43,562 In that specific moment, you could say that 126 00:05:43,784 --> 00:05:47,315 They are the heavyweight champions of the roman empire. 127 00:05:47,404 --> 00:05:54,442 ♪ ♪ 128 00:05:57,224 --> 00:05:58,515 - What we know about the fight comes to us 129 00:05:58,604 --> 00:05:59,942 From just one source, 130 00:06:00,030 --> 00:06:01,715 But it's a really important source. 131 00:06:01,804 --> 00:06:03,548 It's the roman poet martial, 132 00:06:03,637 --> 00:06:05,628 Who was a spectator at the games. 133 00:06:05,717 --> 00:06:09,062 He actually saw this fight and saw how it played out. 134 00:06:09,150 --> 00:06:12,102 ♪ ♪ 135 00:06:12,190 --> 00:06:14,442 Narrator: Martial's poem is the only surviving account 136 00:06:14,664 --> 00:06:15,722 Of its kind. 137 00:06:15,944 --> 00:06:17,308 The fight he records captures 138 00:06:17,397 --> 00:06:19,068 Some of the contradictions of rome. 139 00:06:19,157 --> 00:06:20,915 It's combatants are celebrated, 140 00:06:21,004 --> 00:06:23,402 But they are also enslaved. 141 00:06:23,624 --> 00:06:25,788 [cheers and applause] 142 00:06:25,877 --> 00:06:27,955 ♪ ♪ 143 00:06:28,044 --> 00:06:31,475 Most gladiators were captured on the borders of the empire, 144 00:06:31,564 --> 00:06:32,902 So for priscus, 145 00:06:32,990 --> 00:06:34,835 The long journey to the colosseum 146 00:06:34,924 --> 00:06:37,162 Begins far from the glory of rome. 147 00:06:37,384 --> 00:06:38,922 [both shouting, sword clangs] 148 00:06:39,144 --> 00:06:41,482 ♪ ♪ 149 00:06:41,704 --> 00:06:43,388 In the first century a.D., 150 00:06:43,477 --> 00:06:47,942 Roman armies push into germania, present-day germany. 151 00:06:48,030 --> 00:06:50,428 - It's a fair bet that priscus came from germania 152 00:06:50,517 --> 00:06:53,468 Because that's where roman armies were campaigning 153 00:06:53,557 --> 00:06:55,462 At this particular point in time. 154 00:06:55,550 --> 00:07:02,522 ♪ ♪ 155 00:07:12,757 --> 00:07:14,762 [horse neighs] 156 00:07:14,984 --> 00:07:21,162 ♪ ♪ 157 00:07:21,384 --> 00:07:22,588 - Fall back! 158 00:07:22,677 --> 00:07:24,755 - What allowed rome to expand 159 00:07:24,844 --> 00:07:26,282 Was the best fighting forces 160 00:07:26,504 --> 00:07:29,308 That the ancient world had ever developed. 161 00:07:29,397 --> 00:07:30,995 ♪ ♪ 162 00:07:31,084 --> 00:07:32,842 Narrator: The enemies rome defeats 163 00:07:33,064 --> 00:07:36,508 Are usually killed or enslaved. 164 00:07:36,597 --> 00:07:38,355 - The roman empire probably consisted 165 00:07:38,444 --> 00:07:41,948 Of 50 million individuals, but 20%, maybe even a quarter, 166 00:07:42,037 --> 00:07:45,002 Maybe even a third of these individuals were enslaved. 167 00:07:45,224 --> 00:07:47,548 - Hey! Get back in the circle! 168 00:07:47,637 --> 00:07:50,108 ♪ ♪ 169 00:07:50,197 --> 00:07:52,595 Narrator: The most promising of the enslaved 170 00:07:52,684 --> 00:07:54,355 Become gladiators. 171 00:07:54,444 --> 00:07:57,395 - Germania was a wonderful source for gladiators 172 00:07:57,484 --> 00:08:00,828 Because it was full of big, strong fine specimens 173 00:08:00,917 --> 00:08:03,462 Who were sell-suited for gladiatorial games. 174 00:08:03,550 --> 00:08:08,508 ♪ ♪ 175 00:08:08,597 --> 00:08:10,122 Priscus would have been 176 00:08:10,344 --> 00:08:12,828 Kind of shuttled between slave traders, 177 00:08:12,917 --> 00:08:14,662 All the way from the frontier 178 00:08:14,750 --> 00:08:17,162 Into the heart of the roman empire. 179 00:08:17,384 --> 00:08:24,322 ♪ ♪ 180 00:08:28,204 --> 00:08:30,502 Narrator: According to the roman historian livy, 181 00:08:30,590 --> 00:08:35,068 The first gladiators appear in rome in 264 b.C. 182 00:08:35,157 --> 00:08:37,715 In a funeral rite, two men would fight to the death 183 00:08:37,804 --> 00:08:40,042 Over the graves of rich aristocrats, 184 00:08:40,264 --> 00:08:43,388 Their blood a kind of human sacrifice. 185 00:08:43,477 --> 00:08:45,148 - As time went on, 186 00:08:45,237 --> 00:08:47,942 Gladiatorial games expanded from this focus on funerals 187 00:08:48,030 --> 00:08:50,355 And became mass entertainment. 188 00:08:50,444 --> 00:08:53,715 ♪ ♪ 189 00:08:53,804 --> 00:08:55,782 Narrator: Priscus is almost certainly sent 190 00:08:55,870 --> 00:08:59,228 To a gladiator school, known as a ludus. 191 00:08:59,317 --> 00:09:00,842 ♪ ♪ 192 00:09:01,064 --> 00:09:03,882 - The most famous ludus was the one in capua, 193 00:09:04,104 --> 00:09:06,442 The ludus at which spartacus trained, 194 00:09:06,664 --> 00:09:08,115 From which he broke out 195 00:09:08,204 --> 00:09:11,548 And led the largest slave rebellion in roman history. 196 00:09:11,637 --> 00:09:13,002 ♪ ♪ 197 00:09:13,224 --> 00:09:15,708 - You belong to me now! 198 00:09:15,797 --> 00:09:18,195 ♪ ♪ 199 00:09:18,284 --> 00:09:21,222 I own your bodies... 200 00:09:21,310 --> 00:09:23,082 ♪ ♪ 201 00:09:23,304 --> 00:09:24,915 Your thoughts... 202 00:09:25,004 --> 00:09:27,722 ♪ ♪ 203 00:09:27,944 --> 00:09:29,628 Who you were... 204 00:09:29,717 --> 00:09:31,302 ♪ ♪ 205 00:09:31,390 --> 00:09:33,862 Where you came from 206 00:09:33,950 --> 00:09:36,508 Mean nothing anymore! 207 00:09:36,597 --> 00:09:38,022 ♪ ♪ 208 00:09:38,110 --> 00:09:40,828 From this day forwards, 209 00:09:40,917 --> 00:09:43,068 You are gladiators. 210 00:09:43,157 --> 00:09:45,628 My gladiators! 211 00:09:45,717 --> 00:09:47,782 ♪ ♪ 212 00:09:47,870 --> 00:09:49,962 You fight for me. 213 00:09:50,184 --> 00:09:52,188 - Priscus would have been sold on to a lanista, 214 00:09:52,277 --> 00:09:53,788 Who was the head of the ludus. 215 00:09:53,877 --> 00:09:56,842 He basically is responsible for the recruitment 216 00:09:57,064 --> 00:09:58,588 And for the training of the gladiators. 217 00:09:58,677 --> 00:10:01,075 - If you work hard, 218 00:10:01,164 --> 00:10:03,782 You will be rewarded. 219 00:10:03,870 --> 00:10:05,875 If you don't... 220 00:10:05,964 --> 00:10:07,388 [snaps] 221 00:10:07,477 --> 00:10:09,002 ♪ ♪ 222 00:10:09,224 --> 00:10:10,922 Your new names. 223 00:10:11,144 --> 00:10:14,342 You are fulgar. 224 00:10:14,430 --> 00:10:17,702 ♪ ♪ 225 00:10:17,790 --> 00:10:20,435 And you, 226 00:10:20,524 --> 00:10:22,982 Your name is priscus. 227 00:10:23,070 --> 00:10:25,235 ♪ ♪ 228 00:10:25,324 --> 00:10:27,635 - Priscus will not have been his real name. 229 00:10:27,724 --> 00:10:29,482 Gladiators were given names. 230 00:10:29,704 --> 00:10:33,628 And these names were sort of to evoke a feeling or an emotion. 231 00:10:33,717 --> 00:10:37,788 Priscus, which means primeval, was a stage name, essentially. 232 00:10:37,877 --> 00:10:39,782 - Usus. Huh? 233 00:10:39,870 --> 00:10:41,628 Okay. 234 00:10:41,717 --> 00:10:44,988 - Maybe he was brutal. He exuded that. 235 00:10:45,077 --> 00:10:47,782 [thunder booms] 236 00:10:47,870 --> 00:10:49,322 ♪ ♪ 237 00:10:49,544 --> 00:10:50,602 - It would have taken two to three years 238 00:10:50,824 --> 00:10:51,795 To become a gladiator. 239 00:10:51,884 --> 00:10:54,748 [both grunting] 240 00:10:54,837 --> 00:10:56,028 ♪ ♪ 241 00:10:56,117 --> 00:10:58,355 The training would have been brutal. 242 00:10:58,444 --> 00:11:01,702 Narrator: Despite that, gladiators are well-cared for. 243 00:11:01,790 --> 00:11:03,708 They're fed a carbohydrate-rich diet 244 00:11:03,797 --> 00:11:06,822 Designed to provide energy and a layer of fat. 245 00:11:06,910 --> 00:11:08,522 - We have evidence that they had a diet 246 00:11:08,744 --> 00:11:11,548 That was rich in barley and beans. 247 00:11:11,637 --> 00:11:13,962 They were actually known as barley men to the romans. 248 00:11:14,184 --> 00:11:15,228 That was their nickname. 249 00:11:15,317 --> 00:11:17,062 ♪ ♪ 250 00:11:17,150 --> 00:11:20,435 - And a little layer of fat is great protection 251 00:11:20,524 --> 00:11:23,462 If you're in a business of being stabbed and cut. 252 00:11:23,550 --> 00:11:26,122 A little something extra to cushion the blow, so to speak. 253 00:11:26,344 --> 00:11:27,782 ♪ ♪ 254 00:11:27,870 --> 00:11:29,322 - They're going to physically build you up. 255 00:11:29,544 --> 00:11:31,882 You're given a rudis, which is a wooden sword. 256 00:11:32,104 --> 00:11:33,715 It's twice the weight of the gladius, 257 00:11:33,804 --> 00:11:36,522 The sword or the weapon you're gonna be using in the arena. 258 00:11:36,744 --> 00:11:39,635 - They're taught, by striking a wooden pole, the palace, 259 00:11:39,724 --> 00:11:42,602 The essential moves of gladiatorial combat. 260 00:11:42,824 --> 00:11:45,222 ♪ ♪ 261 00:11:45,310 --> 00:11:47,082 - You! Priscus! 262 00:11:47,304 --> 00:11:54,162 ♪ ♪ 263 00:11:58,430 --> 00:12:00,042 Need to toughen you up. 264 00:12:00,264 --> 00:12:02,982 - You have no rights. You're not considered human. 265 00:12:03,070 --> 00:12:04,595 You're like a piece of property. 266 00:12:04,684 --> 00:12:06,515 But the incredible, extraordinary thing 267 00:12:06,604 --> 00:12:08,348 With the romans is that ultimately, 268 00:12:08,437 --> 00:12:10,022 Some slaves could be freed. 269 00:12:10,110 --> 00:12:11,402 ♪ ♪ 270 00:12:11,624 --> 00:12:13,468 A gladiator is a slave. 271 00:12:13,557 --> 00:12:15,635 But he has the opportunity. 272 00:12:15,724 --> 00:12:18,602 He can become a superstar. He can become a legend. 273 00:12:18,824 --> 00:12:21,402 ♪ ♪ 274 00:12:25,004 --> 00:12:26,515 [suspenseful music] 275 00:12:26,604 --> 00:12:28,028 ♪ ♪ 276 00:12:28,117 --> 00:12:29,702 Narrator: After years of training, 277 00:12:29,790 --> 00:12:32,435 Most gladiators like priscus swear an oath 278 00:12:32,524 --> 00:12:35,548 And become an official fighter. 279 00:12:35,637 --> 00:12:37,715 - It is a very strong oath. 280 00:12:37,804 --> 00:12:40,422 "vinciri, verberari, ferroque necari." 281 00:12:40,510 --> 00:12:43,302 - I will endure to be burned, chained, beaten, 282 00:12:43,390 --> 00:12:46,428 And slain by the sword. 283 00:12:46,517 --> 00:12:51,242 - They're being shaped in a brutal military bootcamp. 284 00:12:51,464 --> 00:12:53,642 So you're really getting these people prepared, 285 00:12:53,864 --> 00:12:57,395 Brainwashed to face death. 286 00:12:57,484 --> 00:12:59,142 Narrator: After swearing their oaths, 287 00:12:59,230 --> 00:13:01,468 Gladiators are divided into different types, 288 00:13:01,557 --> 00:13:05,542 Each with its own weapons, training, and fighting style. 289 00:13:05,630 --> 00:13:09,962 - We know of roughly between 20 to 30 main types of gladiators. 290 00:13:10,184 --> 00:13:11,622 The murmillo, for example, 291 00:13:11,710 --> 00:13:13,542 Is the armored tank of gladiators. 292 00:13:13,630 --> 00:13:15,228 He has a massive helmet. 293 00:13:15,317 --> 00:13:16,828 He has a manica, which is a segmented 294 00:13:16,917 --> 00:13:18,442 Or scaled arm guard. 295 00:13:18,664 --> 00:13:20,668 He has a large shield called a scutum 296 00:13:20,757 --> 00:13:22,355 That is about 4 feet in length. 297 00:13:22,444 --> 00:13:24,028 He has the gladius, 298 00:13:24,117 --> 00:13:26,602 The fighting weapon of the roman soldiers. 299 00:13:26,824 --> 00:13:28,262 Priscus was probably a thracian. 300 00:13:28,350 --> 00:13:29,642 A thracian is more the middleweight. 301 00:13:29,864 --> 00:13:31,462 He's fighting with a small, 302 00:13:31,550 --> 00:13:33,948 About 60 to 65 centimeter shield called a parmula. 303 00:13:34,037 --> 00:13:36,348 His weapon is the sica. 304 00:13:36,437 --> 00:13:38,108 It's got a curve to it. 305 00:13:38,197 --> 00:13:40,508 This is to get behind the shield. 306 00:13:40,597 --> 00:13:43,155 So he's very fast. He's very aggressive. 307 00:13:43,244 --> 00:13:45,875 And each gladiator really brought with themselves 308 00:13:45,964 --> 00:13:48,988 A particular style of fighting that the romans really enjoyed. 309 00:13:49,077 --> 00:13:50,355 ♪ ♪ 310 00:13:50,444 --> 00:13:52,028 Narrator: For the next two years, 311 00:13:52,117 --> 00:13:55,475 Priscus trains hard and his talent shines. 312 00:13:55,564 --> 00:13:58,982 He knows being the best comes with rewards. 313 00:13:59,070 --> 00:14:01,382 ♪ ♪ 314 00:14:01,470 --> 00:14:03,562 - If you succeed in the gladiatorial world, 315 00:14:03,784 --> 00:14:06,822 You can earn enormous amounts of money. 316 00:14:06,910 --> 00:14:10,922 ♪ ♪ 317 00:14:11,144 --> 00:14:13,002 - When you become a professional gladiator, 318 00:14:13,224 --> 00:14:15,402 You can command up to 12 or 13 times 319 00:14:15,624 --> 00:14:17,702 The annual salary of rome for one fight. 320 00:14:17,790 --> 00:14:20,902 ♪ ♪ 321 00:14:20,990 --> 00:14:22,428 [gladiators cheer] 322 00:14:22,517 --> 00:14:24,362 - But the ultimately goal is freedom. 323 00:14:24,584 --> 00:14:26,822 This is an opportunity not only to prove themselves, 324 00:14:26,910 --> 00:14:28,755 But more importantly, to gain access 325 00:14:28,844 --> 00:14:30,515 To the most valued prize of all, 326 00:14:30,604 --> 00:14:32,275 And that was their liberty. 327 00:14:32,364 --> 00:14:33,542 - The only way that a gladiator 328 00:14:33,630 --> 00:14:34,762 Was going to earn his freedom 329 00:14:34,984 --> 00:14:37,002 Was in the arena, through his actions, 330 00:14:37,224 --> 00:14:39,302 By being so famous, so well-known, 331 00:14:39,390 --> 00:14:42,342 So renowned that the crowd was going to demand 332 00:14:42,430 --> 00:14:43,475 That he be freed. 333 00:14:43,564 --> 00:14:46,922 ♪ ♪ 334 00:14:47,144 --> 00:14:49,642 Narrator: The path to freedom for a fully-trained gladiator 335 00:14:49,864 --> 00:14:53,715 Begins in the empire's smaller amphitheaters. 336 00:14:53,804 --> 00:14:56,435 This is where reputations are made. 337 00:14:56,524 --> 00:14:59,228 - Amphitheaters have been found in practically 338 00:14:59,317 --> 00:15:03,402 Every large roman settlement, 230 of them. 339 00:15:03,624 --> 00:15:04,988 There were things that bound romans 340 00:15:05,077 --> 00:15:06,922 Together no matter where they lived. 341 00:15:07,144 --> 00:15:08,595 One of those things was the enjoyment 342 00:15:08,684 --> 00:15:11,228 Of violent spectacle like this. 343 00:15:11,317 --> 00:15:15,475 It is part of the civic fabric of any roman city. 344 00:15:15,564 --> 00:15:17,308 [cheers and applause] 345 00:15:17,397 --> 00:15:19,782 - Being a gladiator was a very paradoxical thing. 346 00:15:19,870 --> 00:15:21,628 On the one hand, they were lauded. 347 00:15:21,717 --> 00:15:23,462 They were celebrities. 348 00:15:23,550 --> 00:15:25,802 They were sex symbols. 349 00:15:26,024 --> 00:15:30,182 They symbolized courage, tenacity, manliness. 350 00:15:30,270 --> 00:15:32,595 ♪ ♪ 351 00:15:32,684 --> 00:15:35,068 On the other hand, they were looked down on. 352 00:15:35,157 --> 00:15:36,828 They were held in contempt. 353 00:15:36,917 --> 00:15:38,588 ♪ ♪ 354 00:15:38,677 --> 00:15:40,262 - It's not just that they were slaves. 355 00:15:40,350 --> 00:15:41,702 To be looked at in public 356 00:15:41,790 --> 00:15:43,242 Was thought to be a degrading thing. 357 00:15:43,464 --> 00:15:46,182 So prostitutes, actors, and gladiators 358 00:15:46,270 --> 00:15:48,348 All belonged in the same category. 359 00:15:48,437 --> 00:15:50,268 ♪ ♪ 360 00:15:50,357 --> 00:15:54,195 Narrator: Gladiator fights have referees and clear rules. 361 00:15:54,284 --> 00:15:56,188 - The referee, the summa rudis, 362 00:15:56,277 --> 00:15:58,748 Would ensure that there wasn't too much grappling, 363 00:15:58,837 --> 00:16:01,555 That there wasn't too much circling without contact. 364 00:16:01,644 --> 00:16:08,522 ♪ ♪ 365 00:16:08,744 --> 00:16:10,428 Fights are normally organized 366 00:16:10,517 --> 00:16:12,348 Between combatants belonging to the same schools. 367 00:16:12,437 --> 00:16:14,662 So they're usually people who know each other. 368 00:16:14,750 --> 00:16:18,355 ♪ ♪ 369 00:16:18,444 --> 00:16:20,742 - Gladiatorial combat is a mixture of violence, 370 00:16:20,830 --> 00:16:22,748 Of skill, but also of showmanship. 371 00:16:22,837 --> 00:16:25,642 There is an element of spectacular. 372 00:16:25,864 --> 00:16:27,868 [both shouting] 373 00:16:27,957 --> 00:16:34,802 ♪ ♪ 374 00:16:37,224 --> 00:16:39,868 Their sole desire is to appease the crowds. 375 00:16:39,957 --> 00:16:45,875 ♪ ♪ 376 00:16:45,964 --> 00:16:47,722 It's a bit like modern wrestling. 377 00:16:47,944 --> 00:16:51,302 It's so dramatic. The guy's bleeding. 378 00:16:51,390 --> 00:16:53,395 He's surely finished. But he continues to fight. 379 00:16:53,484 --> 00:16:55,402 He might even win the fight himself. 380 00:16:55,624 --> 00:17:02,562 ♪ ♪ 381 00:17:05,224 --> 00:17:08,682 - It's a myth that every bout resulted in the death 382 00:17:08,904 --> 00:17:10,282 Of a gladiator. 383 00:17:10,504 --> 00:17:12,435 These gladiators had gone through years of training. 384 00:17:12,524 --> 00:17:14,268 They have been invested in, 385 00:17:14,357 --> 00:17:16,742 And you want a return on that investment. 386 00:17:16,830 --> 00:17:19,068 - Maybe one in ten gladiators 387 00:17:19,157 --> 00:17:21,148 Would actually die in the arena. 388 00:17:21,237 --> 00:17:23,708 Gladiators were too loved. They were too powerful. 389 00:17:23,797 --> 00:17:25,395 They were too important. 390 00:17:25,484 --> 00:17:27,622 It made them almost impossible to kill. 391 00:17:27,710 --> 00:17:31,242 - We know this because we have gladiator tombstones, 392 00:17:31,464 --> 00:17:33,382 Where it talks about a gladiator 393 00:17:33,470 --> 00:17:36,582 Who survived 34 wins and ten losses. 394 00:17:36,670 --> 00:17:38,022 ♪ ♪ 395 00:17:38,110 --> 00:17:40,988 - [shouting] 396 00:17:41,077 --> 00:17:43,462 ♪ ♪ 397 00:17:43,550 --> 00:17:45,482 But at the same time, fights to the death 398 00:17:45,704 --> 00:17:50,108 Are the highest form of gladiatorial combat. 399 00:17:50,197 --> 00:17:52,042 - In the rare occasion they were actually told 400 00:17:52,264 --> 00:17:55,462 To fight cena missionas, which means no mercy, 401 00:17:55,550 --> 00:17:58,428 Gladiators were to offer their throat to the victor 402 00:17:58,517 --> 00:18:00,755 And to take death as if it was nothing. 403 00:18:00,844 --> 00:18:03,228 Then you would be remembered and immortalized. 404 00:18:03,317 --> 00:18:06,195 - [gagging] 405 00:18:06,284 --> 00:18:13,042 ♪ ♪ 406 00:18:18,837 --> 00:18:20,422 - Didn't I tell you he was good? 407 00:18:20,510 --> 00:18:22,195 - Yeah, you might be right. 408 00:18:22,284 --> 00:18:26,502 Might finally be your chance to get to rome, cornelius. 409 00:18:26,590 --> 00:18:28,435 - It's within the realm of possibility 410 00:18:28,524 --> 00:18:30,602 That a guy like priscus was scouted. 411 00:18:30,824 --> 00:18:32,902 So in other words, "hey, we're inaugurating the colosseum. 412 00:18:32,990 --> 00:18:34,268 "we need the best. 413 00:18:34,357 --> 00:18:36,188 "we hear this guy has a great reputation. 414 00:18:36,277 --> 00:18:37,482 We want him." 415 00:18:37,704 --> 00:18:44,642 ♪ ♪ 416 00:18:51,624 --> 00:18:54,268 - If you arrived in rome as a gladiator, 417 00:18:54,357 --> 00:18:58,442 The overall scale of it would have been very daunting. 418 00:18:58,664 --> 00:19:00,755 - Rome at last. 419 00:19:00,844 --> 00:19:02,442 We did it. 420 00:19:02,664 --> 00:19:04,348 ♪ ♪ 421 00:19:04,437 --> 00:19:07,475 You're going to be a champion. 422 00:19:07,564 --> 00:19:09,948 - Seeing the colosseum for the first time, 423 00:19:10,037 --> 00:19:11,635 You can imagine the conflicted feelings 424 00:19:11,724 --> 00:19:15,782 Of experiencing the awesome power of this capital city 425 00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:19,228 That has probably decimated your homeland. 426 00:19:19,317 --> 00:19:23,402 ♪ ♪ 427 00:19:23,624 --> 00:19:26,675 What's going on in your mind is that, "I might die here, 428 00:19:26,764 --> 00:19:30,282 But also, I could get my freedom." 429 00:19:33,964 --> 00:19:35,228 [dramatic music] 430 00:19:35,317 --> 00:19:36,755 Narrator: When priscus arrives in rome, 431 00:19:36,844 --> 00:19:40,348 The colosseum is in the final stage of construction. 432 00:19:40,437 --> 00:19:43,388 It's called the flavian amphitheater, 433 00:19:43,477 --> 00:19:45,075 After vespasian flavius, 434 00:19:45,164 --> 00:19:46,588 The emperor who commissioned it 435 00:19:46,677 --> 00:19:49,482 To appease the people of rome. 436 00:19:49,704 --> 00:19:52,755 But when vespasian dies, the city his son titus 437 00:19:52,844 --> 00:19:56,742 Now rules becomes even more restless. 438 00:19:56,830 --> 00:19:58,748 - Rome is a very strange place at this time. 439 00:19:58,837 --> 00:20:00,902 There is a huge slave population, 440 00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:03,475 So the people who live in rome, a lot of them aren't working. 441 00:20:03,564 --> 00:20:05,962 There are slaves who are doing their dirty work. 442 00:20:06,184 --> 00:20:08,508 ♪ ♪ 443 00:20:08,597 --> 00:20:10,428 - It's a volatile place. 444 00:20:10,517 --> 00:20:13,162 It is full of people who are underemployed 445 00:20:13,384 --> 00:20:16,348 Or entirely unemployed, who are subsisting on a dole, 446 00:20:16,437 --> 00:20:19,882 Who have to be kept busy and entertained. 447 00:20:20,104 --> 00:20:22,122 Otherwise, the city of rome was a powder keg. 448 00:20:22,344 --> 00:20:24,115 ♪ ♪ 449 00:20:24,204 --> 00:20:26,442 - Titus is a successful general, 450 00:20:26,664 --> 00:20:27,882 But he's an unproven leader. 451 00:20:28,104 --> 00:20:30,762 So he has to finish the colosseum. 452 00:20:30,984 --> 00:20:34,442 He's got to inaugurate this new venue. 453 00:20:34,664 --> 00:20:38,268 - So in 80 a.D., to extend his control, 454 00:20:38,357 --> 00:20:40,348 Make himself beloved by the crowd, 455 00:20:40,437 --> 00:20:42,442 He declares 100 days of games. 456 00:20:42,664 --> 00:20:49,602 ♪ ♪ 457 00:20:58,197 --> 00:21:00,582 Narrator: Only the most outstanding gladiators 458 00:21:00,670 --> 00:21:02,822 Will be chosen to compete in the games. 459 00:21:02,910 --> 00:21:06,182 ♪ ♪ 460 00:21:06,270 --> 00:21:08,262 And the most formidable of them all 461 00:21:08,350 --> 00:21:10,675 Is the champion of the gladiator school 462 00:21:10,764 --> 00:21:13,062 Where priscus is now training. 463 00:21:13,150 --> 00:21:16,582 - I want to see how well you do against the champion. 464 00:21:16,670 --> 00:21:18,182 His name's verus. 465 00:21:18,270 --> 00:21:25,242 ♪ ♪ 466 00:21:26,037 --> 00:21:28,188 - [grunts, groans] 467 00:21:28,277 --> 00:21:35,315 ♪ ♪ 468 00:21:36,264 --> 00:21:38,342 - Priscus and verus certainly would have known each other. 469 00:21:38,430 --> 00:21:41,222 This is a relatively small community of people. 470 00:21:41,310 --> 00:21:47,082 ♪ ♪ 471 00:21:47,304 --> 00:21:49,322 - You've got spirit. I'll give you that. 472 00:21:49,544 --> 00:21:52,102 - Verus means, in latin, "true." 473 00:21:52,190 --> 00:21:54,442 But in this context, it really means 474 00:21:54,664 --> 00:21:56,042 "the real thing." 475 00:21:56,264 --> 00:21:57,555 There must have been a whole personality 476 00:21:57,644 --> 00:22:01,308 That was based around this moniker. 477 00:22:01,397 --> 00:22:03,548 - I'm also going to give you a beating. 478 00:22:03,637 --> 00:22:09,948 ♪ ♪ 479 00:22:10,037 --> 00:22:12,742 - [grunts, groans] 480 00:22:12,830 --> 00:22:15,548 All: Verus! Verus! Verus! 481 00:22:15,637 --> 00:22:16,988 - Why would someone be called truth? 482 00:22:17,077 --> 00:22:19,082 Well, maybe he was true to form. 483 00:22:19,304 --> 00:22:22,108 Maybe he was the greatest, and people would say 484 00:22:22,197 --> 00:22:24,742 He truly is the greatest. 485 00:22:24,830 --> 00:22:26,035 He's the best gladiator. 486 00:22:26,124 --> 00:22:27,708 He's the most violent gladiator. 487 00:22:27,797 --> 00:22:29,322 Or maybe it's true that when you meet him, 488 00:22:29,544 --> 00:22:30,602 You will meet your demise. 489 00:22:30,824 --> 00:22:33,702 - [shouting] 490 00:22:33,790 --> 00:22:35,242 ♪ ♪ 491 00:22:35,464 --> 00:22:37,702 - We can think about rivalry amongst them. 492 00:22:37,790 --> 00:22:40,028 But at the same time, you're in a club. 493 00:22:40,117 --> 00:22:42,182 You're in a group. You're in a fraternity. 494 00:22:42,270 --> 00:22:49,162 ♪ ♪ 495 00:22:52,844 --> 00:22:54,195 - Look. 496 00:22:54,284 --> 00:22:55,795 ♪ ♪ 497 00:22:55,884 --> 00:22:58,602 You're tough. 498 00:22:58,824 --> 00:23:01,555 But you must fight smart if you want to survive. 499 00:23:01,644 --> 00:23:04,102 ♪ ♪ 500 00:23:04,190 --> 00:23:06,035 I could help you. 501 00:23:06,124 --> 00:23:08,202 - You're living together. You're training together. 502 00:23:08,424 --> 00:23:10,502 You're sharing stories and tips and tricks. 503 00:23:10,590 --> 00:23:12,102 You're gonna get to know one another in a way 504 00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:16,102 That's almost impossible for anybody else to. 505 00:23:16,190 --> 00:23:19,155 So there's this powerful sense of community and brotherhood 506 00:23:19,244 --> 00:23:20,902 Between gladiators. 507 00:23:20,990 --> 00:23:27,962 ♪ ♪ 508 00:23:32,830 --> 00:23:34,822 Gladiators had obligations to one another 509 00:23:34,910 --> 00:23:36,348 That extended even into death. 510 00:23:36,437 --> 00:23:43,442 ♪ ♪ 511 00:23:46,924 --> 00:23:50,748 - When one of their own gladiators died in combat, 512 00:23:50,837 --> 00:23:54,502 Their comrades would sometimes pull money together. 513 00:23:54,590 --> 00:24:00,668 ♪ ♪ 514 00:24:00,757 --> 00:24:03,562 - For megarus, my friend. 515 00:24:03,784 --> 00:24:06,675 Your predecessor. 516 00:24:06,764 --> 00:24:08,682 His funeral. 517 00:24:08,904 --> 00:24:10,282 ♪ ♪ 518 00:24:10,504 --> 00:24:12,682 - Why should I give money for someone I didn't know? 519 00:24:12,904 --> 00:24:16,362 ♪ ♪ 520 00:24:16,584 --> 00:24:18,995 - Because when you're killed, 521 00:24:19,084 --> 00:24:22,515 Your successors will pay for yours. 522 00:24:22,604 --> 00:24:26,502 ♪ ♪ 523 00:24:26,590 --> 00:24:29,542 - They would have either paid for their burial 524 00:24:29,630 --> 00:24:32,262 Or a tombstone, or if they had a family, 525 00:24:32,350 --> 00:24:34,282 They would look after that family. 526 00:24:34,504 --> 00:24:41,442 ♪ ♪ 527 00:24:43,870 --> 00:24:46,282 Narrator: With the opening games fast approaching, 528 00:24:46,504 --> 00:24:48,682 Trainers race to secure their gladiators 529 00:24:48,904 --> 00:24:51,955 A spot in the colosseum's debut. 530 00:24:52,044 --> 00:24:57,162 ♪ ♪ 531 00:24:57,384 --> 00:25:00,522 [both shouting] 532 00:25:00,744 --> 00:25:02,822 - [grunts] 533 00:25:02,910 --> 00:25:04,435 - The stakes are highest for the gladiators in rome. 534 00:25:04,524 --> 00:25:05,962 If you want to have somebody 535 00:25:06,184 --> 00:25:07,475 Who's really good fight to the death, 536 00:25:07,564 --> 00:25:09,308 That's much more likely to happen in rome, 537 00:25:09,397 --> 00:25:11,302 Where there's the money to pay for it. 538 00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:14,662 Narrator: And new emperor, titus, has money to burn. 539 00:25:14,750 --> 00:25:16,755 ♪ ♪ 540 00:25:16,844 --> 00:25:18,982 - Head high. Hold. Eyes. 541 00:25:19,070 --> 00:25:20,522 [grunts] 542 00:25:20,744 --> 00:25:26,908 ♪ ♪ 543 00:25:26,997 --> 00:25:28,842 [chuckles] 544 00:25:29,064 --> 00:25:31,622 ♪ ♪ 545 00:25:31,710 --> 00:25:34,355 I've taught you everything I know. 546 00:25:34,444 --> 00:25:36,362 I must be getting soft. 547 00:25:36,584 --> 00:25:43,522 ♪ ♪ 548 00:25:44,744 --> 00:25:46,442 - [shouts] 549 00:25:46,664 --> 00:25:48,362 [grunts] 550 00:25:48,584 --> 00:25:50,515 ♪ ♪ 551 00:25:50,604 --> 00:25:52,902 - Priscus! [panting] 552 00:25:52,990 --> 00:25:55,708 I've got you a slot 553 00:25:55,797 --> 00:25:58,122 In the opening day of the games. 554 00:25:58,344 --> 00:26:01,148 Headline bout. 555 00:26:01,237 --> 00:26:02,835 Weren't easy. 556 00:26:02,924 --> 00:26:05,702 Every owner wanted their man to have a shot at verus. 557 00:26:05,790 --> 00:26:07,868 [chuckles] 558 00:26:07,957 --> 00:26:11,068 - For an event of this magnitude, 559 00:26:11,157 --> 00:26:12,668 With this kind of crowd, 560 00:26:12,757 --> 00:26:14,662 With who was going to be in attendance, 561 00:26:14,750 --> 00:26:16,582 Priscus and verus had every reason to think 562 00:26:16,670 --> 00:26:19,462 That this was going to be a death match. 563 00:26:19,550 --> 00:26:21,235 For the winner would be freedom. 564 00:26:21,324 --> 00:26:23,402 For the loser would probably be death. 565 00:26:23,624 --> 00:26:26,402 ♪ ♪ 566 00:26:29,964 --> 00:26:31,068 [dramatic music] 567 00:26:31,157 --> 00:26:32,275 Narrator: In the fall of 80 a.D., 568 00:26:32,364 --> 00:26:34,675 The colosseum is finally ready. 569 00:26:34,764 --> 00:26:40,988 ♪ ♪ 570 00:26:41,077 --> 00:26:43,315 - This was the hottest ticket in rome. 571 00:26:43,404 --> 00:26:44,915 This would have been the biggest event 572 00:26:45,004 --> 00:26:46,588 That anybody could remember in their lifetimes. 573 00:26:46,677 --> 00:26:50,588 ♪ ♪ 574 00:26:50,677 --> 00:26:52,348 It starts with a procession-- 575 00:26:52,437 --> 00:26:54,342 A procession of gladiators, acrobats. 576 00:26:54,430 --> 00:26:56,522 Basically, a preview of what the day's entertainment 577 00:26:56,744 --> 00:26:58,195 Is going to look like. 578 00:26:58,284 --> 00:27:03,242 ♪ ♪ 579 00:27:03,464 --> 00:27:05,542 [horse neighs] 580 00:27:05,630 --> 00:27:07,242 ♪ ♪ 581 00:27:07,464 --> 00:27:09,702 - The tickets were small pieces of lead 582 00:27:09,790 --> 00:27:13,222 That the emperor would disburse to rome's senators, 583 00:27:13,310 --> 00:27:17,062 And from there, it would trickle down to the population. 584 00:27:17,150 --> 00:27:18,588 ♪ ♪ 585 00:27:18,677 --> 00:27:20,042 - Ordinary romans would have been awed 586 00:27:20,264 --> 00:27:21,862 By walking into this building, 587 00:27:21,950 --> 00:27:24,362 The likes of which had never been seen before. 588 00:27:24,584 --> 00:27:27,142 The structure in and of itself was part of the draw. 589 00:27:27,230 --> 00:27:29,322 There was nothing like it in the roman world. 590 00:27:29,544 --> 00:27:34,675 ♪ ♪ 591 00:27:34,764 --> 00:27:38,588 - Workers dug out 220,000 tons of dirt 592 00:27:38,677 --> 00:27:40,522 To create 30-foot deep foundations, 593 00:27:40,744 --> 00:27:43,315 3 1/2 million tons of travertine stone, 594 00:27:43,404 --> 00:27:45,308 A million bricks, 595 00:27:45,397 --> 00:27:49,222 And 300 tons of iron clamps to hold the stone together. 596 00:27:49,310 --> 00:27:53,628 - This massive structure located in the heart of rome, 597 00:27:53,717 --> 00:27:56,988 Punctuated by 80 arched entrances. 598 00:27:57,077 --> 00:27:59,142 Estimates of seating capacity range 599 00:27:59,230 --> 00:28:02,108 Between 50,000 and 80,000. 600 00:28:02,197 --> 00:28:04,582 ♪ ♪ 601 00:28:04,670 --> 00:28:07,548 [grand music plays] 602 00:28:07,637 --> 00:28:12,102 ♪ ♪ 603 00:28:12,190 --> 00:28:15,068 [cheers and applause] 604 00:28:15,157 --> 00:28:18,122 [dramatic music] 605 00:28:18,344 --> 00:28:23,882 ♪ ♪ 606 00:28:24,104 --> 00:28:25,322 - Seating in the roman colosseum 607 00:28:25,544 --> 00:28:28,188 Was a microcosm of how rank worked 608 00:28:28,277 --> 00:28:30,602 In roman society as a whole. 609 00:28:30,824 --> 00:28:34,122 - The emperor sat in a seat of honor in the front, 610 00:28:34,344 --> 00:28:37,308 Surrounded by the senators and the state priestesses, 611 00:28:37,397 --> 00:28:38,442 The vestal virgins. 612 00:28:38,664 --> 00:28:40,668 And as you went up higher, 613 00:28:40,757 --> 00:28:42,268 The rank of people 614 00:28:42,357 --> 00:28:44,435 Would go down lower in the social class 615 00:28:44,524 --> 00:28:46,822 Until you got to the very top of the colosseum. 616 00:28:46,910 --> 00:28:49,468 You'd have noncitizens and slaves, 617 00:28:49,557 --> 00:28:52,028 And that was the only place where women could sit, 618 00:28:52,117 --> 00:28:54,268 Other than the vestal virgins. 619 00:28:54,357 --> 00:28:59,462 ♪ ♪ 620 00:28:59,550 --> 00:29:01,162 Narrator: Before the games begin, 621 00:29:01,384 --> 00:29:05,555 Priscus and verus enter the arena to greet the crowd. 622 00:29:05,644 --> 00:29:07,302 ♪ ♪ 623 00:29:07,390 --> 00:29:10,268 [crowd chattering] 624 00:29:10,357 --> 00:29:12,348 ♪ ♪ 625 00:29:12,437 --> 00:29:14,835 - Walking out from the darkened tunnels 626 00:29:14,924 --> 00:29:16,595 Into the light, 627 00:29:16,684 --> 00:29:20,115 The color, all those people there 628 00:29:20,204 --> 00:29:22,442 Would have been an extraordinary experience 629 00:29:22,664 --> 00:29:24,668 For priscus and verus. 630 00:29:24,757 --> 00:29:29,542 ♪ ♪ 631 00:29:29,630 --> 00:29:33,002 - Can you imagine if you are a gladiator from germany, 632 00:29:33,224 --> 00:29:34,602 And you look up at the imperial box-- 633 00:29:34,824 --> 00:29:37,322 There is rome's emperor in the flesh, 634 00:29:37,544 --> 00:29:40,275 With the power of life and death over you. 635 00:29:40,364 --> 00:29:42,602 Well, that must have been an overwhelming experience. 636 00:29:42,824 --> 00:29:44,582 ♪ ♪ 637 00:29:44,670 --> 00:29:46,502 The emperor's presence 638 00:29:46,590 --> 00:29:49,482 In the imperial box was absolutely key. 639 00:29:49,704 --> 00:29:52,988 The emperor could see everyone and everyone could see him. 640 00:29:53,077 --> 00:29:55,942 - The games are all about roman emperors 641 00:29:56,030 --> 00:29:57,642 Giving the people what they need. 642 00:29:57,864 --> 00:30:00,275 And it's always described as bread and circuses. 643 00:30:00,364 --> 00:30:02,442 They had to feed the people of rome. 644 00:30:02,664 --> 00:30:04,828 But once they were fed, they had to be entertained, 645 00:30:04,917 --> 00:30:06,762 And they loved these shows. 646 00:30:06,984 --> 00:30:08,582 - We might call it a bribe. 647 00:30:08,670 --> 00:30:12,202 This was titus saying, "I'm providing this for you. 648 00:30:12,424 --> 00:30:14,502 Please, please, please don't rise up." 649 00:30:14,590 --> 00:30:16,902 ♪ ♪ 650 00:30:16,990 --> 00:30:19,942 Narrator: With titus is his younger brother domitian, 651 00:30:20,030 --> 00:30:22,195 A potential rival. 652 00:30:22,284 --> 00:30:26,442 - While titus had been charming and suave, 653 00:30:26,664 --> 00:30:29,862 Domitian was not a pleasing person at all. 654 00:30:29,950 --> 00:30:31,795 - Not a bad crowd, brother. 655 00:30:31,884 --> 00:30:33,702 ♪ ♪ 656 00:30:33,790 --> 00:30:36,915 They seem excitable. 657 00:30:37,004 --> 00:30:39,475 - He was sullen, he was suspicious, 658 00:30:39,564 --> 00:30:41,075 And by all accounts, 659 00:30:41,164 --> 00:30:43,155 Very jealous of his elder brother. 660 00:30:43,244 --> 00:30:47,475 ♪ ♪ 661 00:30:47,564 --> 00:30:49,482 - Well, verus feels like the most popular man 662 00:30:49,704 --> 00:30:52,202 In rome right now. 663 00:30:52,424 --> 00:30:54,835 - Priscus will provide equal contest, I'm sure. 664 00:30:54,924 --> 00:30:57,308 - I hope so. For your sake. 665 00:30:57,397 --> 00:30:59,462 ♪ ♪ 666 00:30:59,550 --> 00:31:02,355 - These are our games, brother. 667 00:31:02,444 --> 00:31:04,362 Our games. 668 00:31:04,584 --> 00:31:07,242 - Titus and his family were a new dynasty. 669 00:31:07,464 --> 00:31:09,482 They needed to show that they were good for rome, 670 00:31:09,704 --> 00:31:12,028 And that was what the colosseum was about. 671 00:31:12,117 --> 00:31:15,635 ♪ ♪ 672 00:31:15,724 --> 00:31:18,035 - Everybody is watching titus to see if he slips. 673 00:31:18,124 --> 00:31:19,562 And if he slips, well, 674 00:31:19,784 --> 00:31:21,862 In rome's there's always a dagger waiting for you. 675 00:31:21,950 --> 00:31:24,902 ♪ ♪ 676 00:31:24,990 --> 00:31:27,282 - Let the games begin! 677 00:31:30,984 --> 00:31:31,402 [dramatic music] 678 00:31:31,624 --> 00:31:32,595 ♪ ♪ 679 00:31:32,684 --> 00:31:34,268 Narrator: The games held by titus 680 00:31:34,357 --> 00:31:37,482 Are designed to showcase his power and wealth. 681 00:31:37,704 --> 00:31:41,162 They cost an estimated $10 million per day, 682 00:31:41,384 --> 00:31:42,835 In today's money. 683 00:31:42,924 --> 00:31:46,022 ♪ ♪ 684 00:31:46,110 --> 00:31:49,555 The schedule is an astonishing festival of death. 685 00:31:49,644 --> 00:31:51,622 ♪ ♪ 686 00:31:51,710 --> 00:31:54,122 - The standard sequence of events was as follows: 687 00:31:54,344 --> 00:31:56,362 In the morning is when you had the venationes, 688 00:31:56,584 --> 00:31:58,268 The beast combats. 689 00:31:58,357 --> 00:32:02,822 ♪ ♪ 690 00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:04,042 - [shouts] [blade pierces] 691 00:32:04,264 --> 00:32:05,555 [lion roars] [cheers and applause] 692 00:32:05,644 --> 00:32:07,722 - At noon, the meridiani. 693 00:32:07,944 --> 00:32:09,862 This is when the executions of criminals 694 00:32:09,950 --> 00:32:13,948 Condemned to death took place, in ways that were memorable. 695 00:32:14,037 --> 00:32:15,782 - [screaming] 696 00:32:15,870 --> 00:32:18,282 - And in the afternoon is when you had the paired combats, 697 00:32:18,504 --> 00:32:20,042 The gladiators, 698 00:32:20,264 --> 00:32:22,588 The ones that entertained most of the people. 699 00:32:22,677 --> 00:32:27,068 ♪ ♪ 700 00:32:27,157 --> 00:32:29,555 - When we are out there, 701 00:32:29,644 --> 00:32:33,395 You're not my friend. 702 00:32:33,484 --> 00:32:36,742 You are not my brother. 703 00:32:36,830 --> 00:32:38,588 You are my enemy. 704 00:32:38,677 --> 00:32:45,148 ♪ ♪ 705 00:32:45,237 --> 00:32:47,942 And whatever happens out there today... 706 00:32:48,030 --> 00:32:50,342 ♪ ♪ 707 00:32:50,430 --> 00:32:52,582 Both of us-- 708 00:32:52,670 --> 00:32:54,662 Both of us will be free. 709 00:32:54,750 --> 00:33:01,682 ♪ ♪ 710 00:33:03,070 --> 00:33:06,108 - There are huge stakes for priscus and verus. 711 00:33:06,197 --> 00:33:07,782 The pressure must have been incredible. 712 00:33:07,870 --> 00:33:10,282 They are the headlining fight. 713 00:33:10,504 --> 00:33:12,028 And they will walk into that arena 714 00:33:12,117 --> 00:33:14,268 Knowing that one of them 715 00:33:14,357 --> 00:33:16,102 May not walk out of there alive. 716 00:33:16,190 --> 00:33:20,828 ♪ ♪ 717 00:33:20,917 --> 00:33:22,282 Narrator: If priscus was a thracian, 718 00:33:22,504 --> 00:33:24,202 Armed with a deadly sica, 719 00:33:24,424 --> 00:33:28,522 Then verus was probably a more heavily-armored murmillo. 720 00:33:28,744 --> 00:33:30,442 - If you have a thracian, 721 00:33:30,664 --> 00:33:32,842 Almost always paired with a murmillo. 722 00:33:33,064 --> 00:33:35,082 And we can imagine, in that main event, 723 00:33:35,304 --> 00:33:37,555 With these two most famous gladiators, 724 00:33:37,644 --> 00:33:39,622 That you'd have some sort of epic pairing. 725 00:33:39,710 --> 00:33:46,562 ♪ ♪ 726 00:33:48,597 --> 00:33:50,268 Narrator: Gladiators enter the arena 727 00:33:50,357 --> 00:33:53,395 Through the porta sanavivaria, the gate of life. 728 00:33:53,484 --> 00:33:56,422 If victorious, they leave the same way. 729 00:33:56,510 --> 00:33:58,195 If defeated, they exit 730 00:33:58,284 --> 00:34:02,282 Through the porta libitina, the gate of death. 731 00:34:02,504 --> 00:34:04,522 - Titus sets some rules for the fight. 732 00:34:04,744 --> 00:34:06,282 It cannot be a draw. 733 00:34:06,504 --> 00:34:09,235 It has to be until one of the gladiators submits. 734 00:34:09,324 --> 00:34:12,042 Then they appeal to the emperor for mercy. 735 00:34:12,264 --> 00:34:14,282 But it's highly likely that this, 736 00:34:14,504 --> 00:34:17,555 The headline act of titus' games, 737 00:34:17,644 --> 00:34:19,955 Is going to result in the death of one of them. 738 00:34:20,044 --> 00:34:22,762 ♪ ♪ 739 00:34:22,984 --> 00:34:25,002 Narrator: The winner will be given a rudus, 740 00:34:25,224 --> 00:34:27,475 A wooden staff given as a trophy, 741 00:34:27,564 --> 00:34:29,802 Which symbolizes his freedom. 742 00:34:30,024 --> 00:34:32,828 ♪ ♪ 743 00:34:32,917 --> 00:34:36,742 Both: Hail caesar! 744 00:34:36,830 --> 00:34:38,428 - So the stakes couldn't be higher. 745 00:34:38,517 --> 00:34:40,275 It's death or freedom. 746 00:34:40,364 --> 00:34:47,155 ♪ ♪ 747 00:34:47,244 --> 00:34:49,788 - Titus favored the thracian style of fighting, 748 00:34:49,877 --> 00:34:51,402 And domitian, the murmillo. 749 00:34:51,624 --> 00:34:53,002 - The fact that the two brothers 750 00:34:53,224 --> 00:34:55,242 Would have been rooting for different gladiators 751 00:34:55,464 --> 00:34:57,222 Would have been known to the audience. 752 00:34:57,310 --> 00:35:01,235 And it would have added even more drama to the proceedings. 753 00:35:01,324 --> 00:35:06,108 ♪ ♪ 754 00:35:06,197 --> 00:35:09,202 [cheers and applause] 755 00:35:11,637 --> 00:35:15,302 [both shouting] 756 00:35:15,390 --> 00:35:18,342 - Imagine having a huge metal pot, 757 00:35:18,430 --> 00:35:20,915 Essentially, on your head-- you can't breathe, 758 00:35:21,004 --> 00:35:23,942 Your eyesight's limited, you're lifting a heavy shield. 759 00:35:24,030 --> 00:35:26,442 You've got 35 to 40 pounds of armor. 760 00:35:26,664 --> 00:35:33,602 ♪ ♪ 761 00:35:40,437 --> 00:35:44,742 The noise of the crowd, the heat, your heart pumping-- 762 00:35:44,830 --> 00:35:46,982 And remember, you're fighting for your life, on top of that. 763 00:35:47,070 --> 00:35:49,702 It's gonna take nerves of steel. 764 00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:52,115 ♪ ♪ 765 00:35:52,204 --> 00:35:55,622 But if you fight bravely enough and the emperor graces you, 766 00:35:55,710 --> 00:35:58,035 It's the chance of being free, of becoming a citizen, 767 00:35:58,124 --> 00:35:59,942 Of becoming someone normal. 768 00:36:00,030 --> 00:36:06,835 ♪ ♪ 769 00:36:06,924 --> 00:36:09,382 - Martial's poem tells us that the fight between them 770 00:36:09,470 --> 00:36:12,042 Was grueling, that it went on for hours. 771 00:36:12,264 --> 00:36:18,922 ♪ ♪ 772 00:36:19,144 --> 00:36:21,002 - This is what martial says. 773 00:36:21,224 --> 00:36:23,462 "priscus desperately played for time. 774 00:36:23,550 --> 00:36:25,468 "verus struggled to hold on, too. 775 00:36:25,557 --> 00:36:28,115 Neither could get the better of their mortal combat." 776 00:36:28,204 --> 00:36:29,788 ♪ ♪ 777 00:36:29,877 --> 00:36:32,348 - Most bouts-- over pretty quickly. 778 00:36:32,437 --> 00:36:35,955 Just a couple of minutes. But this one here is epic. 779 00:36:36,044 --> 00:36:38,762 This one here is on the level of, 780 00:36:38,984 --> 00:36:41,788 You know, the greatest heroes in mythology. 781 00:36:41,877 --> 00:36:45,308 ♪ ♪ 782 00:36:45,397 --> 00:36:46,908 It's something special, 783 00:36:46,997 --> 00:36:49,062 And you know that great things are gonna happen, 784 00:36:49,150 --> 00:36:50,588 Things that you've never seen before. 785 00:36:50,677 --> 00:36:52,842 ♪ ♪ 786 00:36:53,064 --> 00:36:54,202 - [shouts] 787 00:36:58,024 --> 00:36:59,142 [dramatic music] 788 00:36:59,230 --> 00:37:00,582 Narrator: The colosseum is finally open, 789 00:37:00,670 --> 00:37:03,068 And emperor titus has promised rome's people 790 00:37:03,157 --> 00:37:04,742 A fight to the death 791 00:37:04,830 --> 00:37:06,748 Between two famous gladiators, 792 00:37:06,837 --> 00:37:08,202 Priscus and verus. 793 00:37:08,424 --> 00:37:10,662 - [shouts] 794 00:37:10,750 --> 00:37:13,788 [both shouting] 795 00:37:13,877 --> 00:37:16,042 [cheers and applause] 796 00:37:16,264 --> 00:37:17,395 - Everyone involved-- 797 00:37:17,484 --> 00:37:20,102 The 50,000 spectators, the emperor, 798 00:37:20,190 --> 00:37:23,068 And the two gladiators-- they all know 799 00:37:23,157 --> 00:37:26,022 That one man is gonna win and one man will died. 800 00:37:26,110 --> 00:37:28,755 ♪ ♪ 801 00:37:28,844 --> 00:37:31,155 - Martial indicates that it was not just the skills 802 00:37:31,244 --> 00:37:32,842 And the strength, 803 00:37:33,064 --> 00:37:35,142 But the long-term commitment 804 00:37:35,230 --> 00:37:37,148 That touched on the spirit, 805 00:37:37,237 --> 00:37:38,908 That really impressed the crowd. 806 00:37:38,997 --> 00:37:46,002 ♪ ♪ 807 00:38:00,904 --> 00:38:02,502 - It would have been exhausting. 808 00:38:02,590 --> 00:38:04,102 Even professional fighters today, 809 00:38:04,190 --> 00:38:06,022 Who are exceptionally well-conditioned, 810 00:38:06,110 --> 00:38:07,942 Do not fight and just throw blows at each other 811 00:38:08,030 --> 00:38:09,715 Until somebody drops. 812 00:38:09,804 --> 00:38:12,915 There is always going to be some breaks in the action. 813 00:38:13,004 --> 00:38:14,442 ♪ ♪ 814 00:38:14,664 --> 00:38:17,062 - Fights are exhausting. You need to stop. 815 00:38:17,150 --> 00:38:18,355 You need to get some refreshments. 816 00:38:18,444 --> 00:38:21,062 You need some water. 817 00:38:21,150 --> 00:38:23,635 - We know that they fought so bravely 818 00:38:23,724 --> 00:38:27,955 That their actions are still spoken about 2,000 years later. 819 00:38:28,044 --> 00:38:32,508 Think about the last round of a championship boxing fight, 820 00:38:32,597 --> 00:38:35,795 When you see these two men unable to continue fighting. 821 00:38:35,884 --> 00:38:37,875 They're hugging. They can barely lift. 822 00:38:37,964 --> 00:38:39,228 The power's gone. 823 00:38:39,317 --> 00:38:41,162 [both grunting, groaning] 824 00:38:41,384 --> 00:38:44,508 [crowd chatters] 825 00:38:44,597 --> 00:38:46,342 - Your man looks tired. 826 00:38:46,430 --> 00:38:47,722 - They're both tired. 827 00:38:47,944 --> 00:38:50,822 [both shouting, grunting] 828 00:38:50,910 --> 00:38:57,882 ♪ ♪ 829 00:39:08,424 --> 00:39:14,502 ♪ ♪ 830 00:39:14,590 --> 00:39:16,422 - "they battled to a brutal draw. 831 00:39:16,510 --> 00:39:18,428 "now, each was dead on his feet. 832 00:39:18,517 --> 00:39:21,322 "but caesar was bound by the letter of his own law. 833 00:39:21,544 --> 00:39:24,202 "the rules were clear: There had to be a winner. 834 00:39:24,424 --> 00:39:28,742 And only a raised finger could stop the bout." 835 00:39:28,830 --> 00:39:32,742 - If the gladiator is wounded, if he's down on the sands, 836 00:39:32,830 --> 00:39:35,315 He can lift his finger 837 00:39:35,404 --> 00:39:38,108 And ask for misio-- 838 00:39:38,197 --> 00:39:41,062 Ask for survival. 839 00:39:41,150 --> 00:39:43,562 ♪ ♪ 840 00:39:43,784 --> 00:39:46,662 [crowd chatters] 841 00:39:46,750 --> 00:39:53,722 ♪ ♪ 842 00:40:00,917 --> 00:40:04,755 - What martial says is that they both submitted. 843 00:40:04,844 --> 00:40:07,068 And the crowd don't know what to make of it. 844 00:40:07,157 --> 00:40:11,302 ♪ ♪ 845 00:40:11,390 --> 00:40:13,788 - One staff. 846 00:40:13,877 --> 00:40:15,722 One winner. 847 00:40:15,944 --> 00:40:22,948 ♪ ♪ 848 00:40:23,564 --> 00:40:24,988 - The outcome of the games 849 00:40:25,077 --> 00:40:26,515 Is ultimately decided by the emperor. 850 00:40:26,604 --> 00:40:28,668 But he's there to please the audience. 851 00:40:28,757 --> 00:40:29,802 It's very rare that the emperor's 852 00:40:30,024 --> 00:40:31,082 Gonna go against the people 853 00:40:31,304 --> 00:40:33,148 Because he does not want to be unpopular. 854 00:40:33,237 --> 00:40:34,748 ♪ ♪ 855 00:40:34,837 --> 00:40:37,715 [cheers and applause] 856 00:40:37,804 --> 00:40:43,068 ♪ ♪ 857 00:40:43,157 --> 00:40:45,235 - And the crowd, you can imagine they're going wild. 858 00:40:45,324 --> 00:40:47,548 Some of them would have been cheering for priscus, 859 00:40:47,637 --> 00:40:49,062 Some cheering for verus. 860 00:40:49,150 --> 00:40:50,675 What's the emperor going to do? 861 00:40:50,764 --> 00:40:52,842 He might say, "well, you've both submitted. 862 00:40:53,064 --> 00:40:54,662 You should both die." 863 00:40:54,750 --> 00:40:57,395 ♪ ♪ 864 00:40:57,484 --> 00:41:00,362 - Ultimately, titus is gonna have to make a decision. 865 00:41:00,584 --> 00:41:04,188 But he cannot go against his word. 866 00:41:04,277 --> 00:41:06,908 - As my brother has reminded me... 867 00:41:06,997 --> 00:41:09,235 ♪ ♪ 868 00:41:09,324 --> 00:41:10,835 There is only one staff. 869 00:41:10,924 --> 00:41:12,902 ♪ ♪ 870 00:41:12,990 --> 00:41:15,475 And that means 871 00:41:15,564 --> 00:41:19,782 There can only be one winner! 872 00:41:19,870 --> 00:41:22,355 [cheers and applause] 873 00:41:22,444 --> 00:41:25,482 - Holding the rudus, this symbol of liberty, 874 00:41:25,704 --> 00:41:27,868 Titus is literally holding 875 00:41:27,957 --> 00:41:31,462 Their life and death in his hands. 876 00:41:31,550 --> 00:41:38,522 ♪ ♪ 877 00:41:50,430 --> 00:41:57,362 ♪ ♪ 878 00:41:57,950 --> 00:42:00,755 [crowd chatters] 879 00:42:00,844 --> 00:42:04,362 ♪ ♪ 880 00:42:04,584 --> 00:42:06,182 - To you both. 881 00:42:06,270 --> 00:42:13,242 ♪ ♪ 882 00:42:15,404 --> 00:42:20,102 Champions of rome! 883 00:42:20,190 --> 00:42:23,475 [cheers and applause] 884 00:42:23,564 --> 00:42:26,995 - Titus ultimately doesn't designate one the winner 885 00:42:27,084 --> 00:42:28,668 And one the loser. 886 00:42:28,757 --> 00:42:30,428 Both were the victors-- 887 00:42:30,517 --> 00:42:33,308 Victors, in this case, over death. 888 00:42:33,397 --> 00:42:34,908 ♪ ♪ 889 00:42:34,997 --> 00:42:37,002 - Titus is stealing the limelight. 890 00:42:37,224 --> 00:42:39,868 But he's showing that he is ultimately in charge 891 00:42:39,957 --> 00:42:42,268 Of life and death over everybody. 892 00:42:42,357 --> 00:42:45,308 And if you fight well, if you serve him well, 893 00:42:45,397 --> 00:42:48,842 If you're loyal to the emperor, then you will be rewarded. 894 00:42:49,064 --> 00:42:50,835 [victorious music] 895 00:42:50,924 --> 00:42:53,542 Narrator: Titus has used his political instincts 896 00:42:53,630 --> 00:42:57,308 To turn a potential embarrassment into a triumph. 897 00:42:57,397 --> 00:43:00,275 ♪ ♪ 898 00:43:00,364 --> 00:43:05,322 - It's a culmination of power, of control, of distraction. 899 00:43:05,544 --> 00:43:09,002 It's everything, really, the colosseum stood for. 900 00:43:09,224 --> 00:43:11,635 - Imagine what it must feel like for priscus and verus-- 901 00:43:11,724 --> 00:43:15,402 Overwhelming relief, pride, joy, 902 00:43:15,624 --> 00:43:17,002 And they will have been conscious 903 00:43:17,224 --> 00:43:19,882 That they're going to be remembered forever. 904 00:43:20,104 --> 00:43:23,122 And here we are, still talking about them. 905 00:43:25,717 --> 00:43:27,475 [dramatic music] 906 00:43:27,564 --> 00:43:29,482 - My father demands a new palace. 907 00:43:29,704 --> 00:43:31,142 And it must be built without delay. 908 00:43:31,230 --> 00:43:32,902 - It will be done. 909 00:43:32,990 --> 00:43:34,982 - In size and scale and scope, 910 00:43:35,070 --> 00:43:37,948 The colosseum was the ultimate. 911 00:43:38,037 --> 00:43:39,302 - And it's a place that was built 912 00:43:39,390 --> 00:43:41,555 In order to provide unity to rome. 913 00:43:41,644 --> 00:43:43,228 Both: Hail caesar! 914 00:43:43,317 --> 00:43:47,142 - A great set of games will revive this whole city. 915 00:43:47,230 --> 00:43:51,155 - It was the symbol of how to live as a roman 916 00:43:51,244 --> 00:43:53,642 And how to die as a roman... 917 00:43:53,864 --> 00:43:54,835 - [roars] 918 00:43:54,924 --> 00:43:56,902 - With strength, with courage, 919 00:43:56,990 --> 00:43:58,502 And with honor. 920 00:43:58,590 --> 00:44:00,755 - I want to be a gladiator. 921 00:44:00,844 --> 00:44:02,602 - You don't belong here. 922 00:44:02,824 --> 00:44:04,422 - [grunts] 923 00:44:04,510 --> 00:44:06,675 - I'll hold the greatest games the world has ever seen. 924 00:44:06,764 --> 00:44:08,188 - Hold it! [whip cracks] 925 00:44:08,277 --> 00:44:10,035 - [roars] - [shouts] 926 00:44:10,124 --> 00:44:12,842 - As long as the colosseum stands, 927 00:44:13,064 --> 00:44:15,708 Rome shall stand. 928 00:44:15,797 --> 00:44:19,548 If the colosseum falls, rome will fall. 929 00:44:19,637 --> 00:44:23,155 ♪ ♪ 930 00:44:23,244 --> 00:44:27,068 - The only way most of us leave the colosseum... 931 00:44:27,157 --> 00:44:29,308 ♪ ♪ 932 00:44:29,397 --> 00:44:30,515 Is as dust. 933 00:44:30,604 --> 00:44:32,922 ♪ ♪ 67644

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