All language subtitles for 3. S_D Structure Zones

okay so we've now looked at the mechanics behind the the order flow that

then leads the price action that we see on our charts and we then looked at a

lot more depth of how those supply and demand zones are then essentially yeah

created on our charts right so before we dive into actual price action

we're just going to go over just a couple of examples that you should be

pretty familiar with now um especially if hopefully you have gone through the

market structure lessons first and essentially all we are now doing is

building on those uh those those concepts those theoretical concepts and

examples by just overlaying what we now know uh about supply and demand so we're

going to go through these and then we'll then hop onto the actual

charts in the next lesson and we'll go through

the price action and just apply the actual theory uh to the you know the

prior section and show you how it works in reality so

very simply we should be very familiar with this concept now right price and a

bullish trend makes higher highs and higher lows right um we have the weak

highs so price and a bullish trend we just can't we just

expect that bullish order flow to continue right until it doesn't that's

the expectation of the order flow right so we make

higher highs higher lows price falls back it fails to take out the prior low

so then we expect that weak high to be taken and then price forms a higher high

right so how do we bring in supply and demand to this well

as i was saying right in the previous lesson supply and demand zones are

literally created everywhere um you know every time there is a shift

in price action whether that's you know a range then price breaks out whether

it's just a pivot just one candle so forthright and then price changes

direction there will be a supply zone within here dc price change direction

here there'll be a demand zone within here but at the end of the last lesson

what did we look at we looked up there would be two main ways

in which we which we can use to validate whether a zone will be strong or weak

right so there's loads of things that we can use loads of concepts to

increase the probability of zones that we may want to build trade ideas around

or zones that we may directly want to enter on right but the the two main

things that we'll be looking at is zones that cause breaks of structure and then

zones that cause flips but we don't need to worry about right now we're going to

get into that in uh in a few lessons um shortly after so for now this lesson of

course is purely concentrating on those structural zones the zones that cause

breaks of structure so like before when we purely just looking at market

structure and we're looking at the concepts of strong those down here right

and then a weak high up here the reason well when price breaks up

through that weak high right this then becomes a strong low we have that

confirmed high low and because it took out that high and it's did its job what

do we expect well after breaking structure we expect price to pull back

and we expect it can come down as low as it wants but in theory it shouldn't

break this low right if the bullish trend is going to stay intact and that's

what we see and now we can just overlay our supply demand concepts into that so

of course when we see that pivot and that movement in price direction demand

is obviously created here but because then price after that pivot in price

because it goes on to break that weak high and cause that higher high that

demand zone that i have drawn on here right then becomes a strong demand zone

and that is one that we would draw on our charts and we would be very much

interested in when price comes back to it to then

look for a potential higher low to form to then catch the next swing run right

to take out this weak high so in the meantime

all right whilst we're then seeing demand being respected as those higher

lows are then coming back into those strong areas of demand that cause those

breaks of structure at the same time what's happening is

those supply zones because remember every time you know there's a shift in

price direction supply will have been created because at that point for price

to pull back what's happening supply is overpowering demand so although demand

is in control at those pivot points at those turning points you know supply is

actually stronger there just to make price pull back so supply zone is

created all right and you can draw these on and you can and you can see them on

your charts but what you should expect is you should not expect price to hold

right we may get a bit of a reaction but ultimately we would expect supply to

fail and for price to form that higher high and get that break of structure and

that's why we're seeing here right supply just keeps failing and demand

keeps holding right until it doesn't so looking down below a bit more of a

realistic example of kind of how price moves right we don't always get those

utopian nice big swings in price as we can see here right bit of a complex

pullback price then pulls down to the origin demand zone right the the origin

that apex of the move right that caused the breaker structure that caused supply

here to fail and then we get the movement back in

we start to get our minor brakes to stretch to the upside right and then we

pull back and then we reach that supply zone so remember it's supply but it's

not a strong supply zone why is it not a strong supply zone because it never took

out the weak load it never caused a break of structure so in reality what

you'll see a lot of times like i said before

all supply and demand zones will typically have a reaction now sometimes

price will literally smash straight through okay but generally there'll be a

bit of reaction now there's a whole spectrum of what you

could define as a reaction because price could literally come in

pause for you know a candle and then go or you could get a bit of a pullback

which is what we see here right so supply looks like it's initially being

respected but what's happening is it's just causing a reaction pricing comes

back to mitigate this sort of minor area of demand the reason why i say it's

minor is because it only caused a break of this minor high right at this point

it never caused the break of structure but then when supply here right those

cell orders are filled it's just enough to cause a little bit of a reaction to

come back to this minor demand zone and then that's enough for price and then

fuel this move to the upside right because

it's filled enough of those orders those sell orders within this weak supply zone

it's a weak supply zone because it never took out the low so what it's doing is

it's mitigating it it's filling up those orders which means it's removing now any

little bit of supply there in the market so when price comes back into this newly

created minor area of demand there is now nothing left up here there is no

sell orders to stock price now just smashing straight up through and

continuing the overall bullish trend right and demand stays intact okay so

then when price actually causes that break of structure

in reality in the market there's generally more than sort of one

demand zone in which you can mark on your charts and which would be valid for

a price to come back to because in this case we have this initial demand zone

right that caused that break of structure there so it's definitely valid

and typically we call these the decisional demand zones so ones that are

higher up in the leg but you would also have if i just drag this across you

would have a valid demand zone down here right and this would be the origin this

would be the apex so when prices just cause that breaker structure and then

you're looking for price to pull back and form that higher low right we don't

know where that higher low is going to form so we can

outline you know potentially more than two right there could be multiple demand

zones uh that were formed within this entire swing leg right so in this case

we have two we have one here the decisional and then we want to have one

here which is the origin of the extreme right depending on what you want to call

it uh and we will never ever know for certainty

where the true swing high low will form okay so we can do things to increase the

probability of where my of where price may pull back right we can overlay uh

premium and discount all right so on and so forth we can

start to use tools we're going to look at other things right series of

mitigations liquidity and stuff which we haven't really covered in too much depth

just yet um but the point i just want to make right now to keep it simple is uh

essentially be aware of your strong areas of demand they're both strong

because they're both part of the leg that caused a break of structure so in

theory price can form a higher low from either of them um but at a bare minimum

right you should get a decent reaction from this demand zone here so that's

still tradable or you can use it for information right that you can look for

along it potentially may be short-lived and then price may want to come lower

mitigate this area and then go but as you can see here it doesn't have to it

can respect demand and it can go there so this will just be something that

comes with time and experience collecting data back testing um it will

also vary from pair to pair and it will depend on when you overlay you know

multiple time frames and you're combining all of the concepts that you

know but for right now all i just want you to kind of think about is just that

sometimes there will be multiple areas of demand right and we don't always know

which one the swing high low is going to form and continue that next move right

and then this demand zone down here as we can see wasn't used for now but when

price can come back down at a much later point then potentially we can i've drawn

that bit too far but when price comes back we can look for you know potential

bullish reactions from down here okay so yeah that's essentially it i'm surely

just looking at it from you know just market structure from a very very basic

market structure standpoint right just one time frame

overlaying those strong demand zones um around those higher lows right because

they cause those breaks of structure and this is

why you know it's so important to get market structure correct first and have

that really nailed down and that's why we spent so long doing it because if you

start just drawing on you know any old supply zone and demand zone and suddenly

you're wondering why you're getting smashed all the time and they're not

holding out or the reactions are very small

well it's all because of your market structure right and what did those uh

supply zones actually cause you know how significant are there yes supply stepped

in the market here to initiate that pullback but that's what it did right it

didn't achieve any major breaks of structure so yes it caused you know this

price to do this and have those substructural breaks to the downside and

that's why we get a bit of reaction here because there will be some decent amount

of supply within there right so you can trade this if you want to but you just

have to manage your expectations right it's a quick in and out trade target the

next minor area of demand and then we can look for the true break of structure

uh to occur so looking over here right it's just the

exact opposite for bearish order flow in a bearish market series of lower lows

and lower highs where the lows are weak and the highs are strong because they

are taking out the lows they are causing breaks of structure so when we get those

pivot in price and we get that either range created or pivot created supply

and that supply then leads to a break of structure right showing that demand is

failing supply is in control when price pulls back up to it we expect supply to

be respected we expect that high to hold and we expect the next swing run to to

go to the downside and take out that weak low and take out any demands that

may be there because supply is being respected supplies in control um and

that is what essentially shows that bearish order flow right in the order

book and that's what is then translated into the price action why we see lower

highs and lower lows so a bit more of a realistic example down

here right we have a bit more of a complex pullback we pull up into the

apex of that move right the origin of the move that caused that swing break of

structure there so supply then holds we try to come down it doesn't initially go

uh break that structure right potentially you know there can be some

very minor uh demand within here right and why is that minor demand well

because it caused that substructure break there so you may see a bit of a

reaction and you know it could have reacted from any of these points here

and this is why you know all all of these supply and demand zones that i'm

you know drawing out within these minor swings you will see in the live market

will cause some uh some sort of reaction right whether it's just a pausing price

before it goes or whether you see a bit of a bounce but you have to understand

right you know if you're too zoomed in and you

think that this is a bullish trend but you haven't actually marked out where

your swing points are and realize we are in a bearish market that's why you can

get you know thrashed around if you're just purely looking at supply and demand

even if you're pairing it with going okay it took out this high this demand

level should hold and we should continue this bullish trend well no it's not

bullish that is a bullish pullback right this section of price action within the

bearish trend so once price has done its job it's pulled back up into the premium

it's mitigated the strong supply zone right it's picked up all the fuel that

it needs to then generate that next move to the downside to get that next swing

trend to the downside right to cause that break of structure then all of

these demand zones here are going to get smashed yes there may be some you know

tradable reactions from here that you may want to trade but you just have to

use that information to manage your expectations of which way price is going

to go because supply is in control here not demand and that's why we're seeing

the swing lower highs and lower lows okay

so price comes down potentially reacts from some very minor demand in here it

pulls back um and then breaks that low there so

even though that's just a minor break of structure price then comes down into the

the origin of this move here right the origin of the pullback but it's still a

weak demand zone because it never caused that spring break of structure right it

only led to these internal breaks of structure those minor substructure

breaks right so then when price comes here it's just a short-lived reaction it

picks up more supply right this is you know reasonably strong

supply it's just caused the minor breaker structure it's not a strong

a supply that causes a swing break but because it's pro trend right you can

then still take these trades from here and anticipate that supply is still

going to be stronger than this area of demand so when we saw that reaction from

demand let's get rid of these drawings right

it's now filled up any demand that may be left in this area that caused that

pullback right so now that demand has been mitigated when price then comes

down and it picks up that strong supply now suppliers are firmly in control

because there's nothing left down here to stop price just smashing through and

continuing that overall swing trend to form that lower low right and so on and

so forth we pull back up and this is where just like i was saying with

demands right this is the decisional demand supply zone

and then we have the origin the extreme up here both are valid

um obviously if price was to come up higher this zone is always going to be

higher probability it's mobile price it's higher up but also because if price

comes up here right and we look for the shorts

if we're wrong right and it fails well then that's it that we've got a bullish

trend change right because price then would have formed a swing higher high so

you're getting in at the the best possible place right to know whether or

not you're going to be right or wrong because you're getting at the highest

point whereas with the decisionals you could get in short here it could work a

little bit but price can still come all the way up to this swing high right at

that point right up into that extreme supply zone and hold before we go so

this will just come with time and experience

of you know whether you're interested in these decision demand zones or not and

like i said as we go on we're going to introduce more and more concepts so you

really get a feel of how and when you wish to trade the decisionals rather

than potentially waiting for price to come up to the origin extreme um which

yeah it means you could have a higher strike rate but it also means you may

miss all of the moves where it reacts from the decisional uh and then we then

go to then form that lower low and cause demand to fail

once again so yeah that's kind of just a very very basic market structure that

we've looked at hopefully you guys should be very comfortable that from a

pure market structure point of view and now we are overlaying um yeah demand and

supply into that so let's take a look at one more example and then we'll hop on

the charts so this should be a price action example

right obviously drawn with with a line diagram but one that you should now be

hopefully very very familiar with and now what you're going to do of

course is build on this even further by introducing supply and demand into

essentially what is you know a multi-time frame market structure

example so let's go through this slowly and look at what's going on so this big

sort of thick gray line this dark gray line uh is the four-hour chart

so we are clearly in a four-hour bullish trend we're from the higher high pull

back to form a higher low and then we get that break of structure so what do

we expect after a break of structure we expect a four hour pullback

how do we know when that four hour pullback is going to kick in right so

how do we know when the swing run is over and how can we increase the

probability that potentially that four hour pullback is about to kick in well

the first thing that we looked at was we were looking at those changes of

character so if we were purely just looking at the four-hour price for our

chart right and we weren't using multi-timeframe analysis what would we

look for we would look for a minor load to be taken right we would look for that

minor breaker structure to the downside now when you see that four hour change

of character that four hour emboss if you were to drop down to the 15-minute

chart which is this blue line not always but most likely that four

hour minor break of structure that four hour change of character will most

likely be a 15 minute change of trend because this tiny mindy uh tiny money

this tiny minor four hour pullback right denoted

by the gray line if you look at this pull back here on the 15-minute chart it

will most likely right be a big deep pullback on the 15-minute chart so that

will most likely be a swing low on the 15-minute chart so then when we get that

four-hour change of character that four hour minor break of structure that will

most likely be a 15 minute swing boss right a true breaker structure so then

the 15 minute is now bearish right because it needs to facilitate that four

hour pullback right so that's kind of the first thing um you know that we've

really looked at in terms of market market structure to help us time the end

of swing runs and anticipate those swing backs those swing pullbacks kicking in

right now what is the other thing that we can

now introduce to our trading to help us anticipate uh uh not only ahead of time

aware of how far this swing leg is likely to go and when the swing pullback

uh is likely to kick in but also give us a

lot more confidence that when we do see that initial change of character that it

isn't a full signal that we are actually about to see that because of course we

could take out that minor low it can just be a liquidity grab and straight

away that swing run can continue to go and then we get the true change of

character and then we get the true pullback so what is that thing that we

can use to help us increase the probability um that you know this isn't

a full signal and how can we anticipate that ahead of time you know to help us

potentially with management if we're already in a position well as i'm sure

you've already guessed we're going to use supply and demand so just got these

up here which i'm going to drag and drop over so in this case right we're looking

at a four-hour uh you know

bullish trend right with this big thick line so very typically

what is most likely going to uh initiate a four-hour pullback what is most likely

going to be a four-hour area of supply right a four-hour

or higher so it could be a daily a weekly or monthly right they're the

types of higher time frame zones right so the same time frame or higher for the

four hour is most likely what is going to end the four-hour

bullish swing leg up and then it mitigates that

four-hour area of supply and because it's a four-hour area of supply that

should be strong enough right to uh kick in a four-hour pull back right and

that is what we can then use to anticipate ahead of time right because

this would be from all price action to the left where potentially we had uh you

know price trending down and then this four hour zone right cause that swing

low there and this essentially would would be an old four-hour swing high

that would then it's still fresh that we're drawing that across and that is

where there is still supply in the market for a price to come up and

mitigate and then kick that pullback right so that's essentially why i've got

this you know drawn all the way off the chart

so again just to go over that four hours bullish we get the break of structure we

expect the for our pullback how can we know that four pullback is about to kick

in we get a change of character or a lower time frame trend change but we can

anticipate where that is very likely to happen ahead of time by looking where

there is an old supply zone that is still fresh where there will likely be a

lot of supply uh old orders to be filled to initiate that pullback right

so then we get that break of structure and we can start looking to play that

pullback if we wish to do so right how far can we target we can target anywhere

within this four hour discount right when we mark out the the high to the low

we mark out the eq of the range discount prices are where it's going to be

highest probability that price will want to pull back to form a high low right

but remember it's probability it does not have to pull back that far which i'm

sure you're all now very familiar with if you have done um that testing right

on the pair that you're looking at where you've you've collected data on that now

so at this point we've got our change of

character we're initiating the pullback you know we can think we can target down

to discount that's pretty much all the things we've looked at so far but what

is another tool that we can use to potentially anticipate how far price may

want to pull back well we look at this fresh four-hour demand zone down here

right and we can anticipate that it's likely price is going to want to come

down to pick up all of this demand that did what why is that strong demand zone

because it led to that break of structure right it caused this bullish

swing leg so when we see that change of character we can anticipate that price

may want to pull down into the discount right this whole discounted range and to

mitigate this four-hour area of demand to then kick in for that high low to get

that next break of structure uh to the upside so

at this point what we can then do is jump down to the 15-minute chart when we

see that change of character where potentially the 15-minute chart has now

switched bearish and what will most likely happen is you will see those

15-minute supply zones so why is that a strong 15-minute supply zone well

because it caused that 15-minute swing low right to cause that 15 minute

bearish trend change then you see a series of mitigations right you are if

you're looking on the 15-minute chart you can see that on at least from a

15-minute perspective the 15-minute supply is in control right

we're seeing a series of mitigations they're being respected the 15-minute

chart is making lower lows and uh and lower highs right so you can potentially

want to trade this you can um you know put the premium discount on this uh m15

like here right wait for price to pull back up into the premium of that m15 leg

right so you are trading pro the m15 bearish trend right because the m15 is

bearish and you can look for these shorts so it's pro m15 but you have to

be aware of what you have to be aware that the four hour is bullish it's just

a four four-hour pullback so you have to manage your expectations of how far

price is likely to go even though it's pro and 15 trend because at any point

the four-hour plan and a higher low start to break to the upside and then

the m15 will switch british okay so you know at a bare minimum you can target

this weak 15 minute low why because it never took out that strong m15 high

right um so that's kind of your minimum first target then you can start to

target the eq of the four hour leg and then you can push it even further down

into where you can see four hour areas of demand okay now um when we get down

here right and we start to get into the discount you can anticipate of course

that price does not have to pull the way down to that origin or the extreme

remember and we could start to go so if you see price start to pivot to the

upside and potentially you know you draw on some demand

as you can do this to come across right now you have to ask yourself yes you can

see the candle and you can see there was a range or a pivot and price broke up

the upside and yes that is technically m15 demand but is it strong or weak

demand well it didn't cause you know on this example here it didn't cause any

break of structure not even a minor break of structure it didn't do anything

right so when price comes back down what are the probabilities what are the odds

that there is enough demand within here to continue that move to the upside well

it's pretty slim so it's pretty likely to be

a weak um demand zone so what i'm just going to do

here is just kind of denote that by kind of drawing a hollow box

right and then we can see that supply is still in control and it easily

takes out that demand zone we get another minor break of structure

right and then we come down to the the downside so yes in theory because we

have continued that move right we have created strong m15 supply here right

because what's happened is purely from an m15 perspective the bearish trend is

intact we've taken out this strong sorry this weak m15 low right that's swing low

we've created a lower high that should in theory be an m15 strong lower high so

my price comes back up to here right and it smashes straight up through

right if you're not understanding all of these concepts understanding multi-time

frame market structure understanding um you know strong demand zones

understanding premium discount you haven't realized that we're in the

discount we've mitigated strong four-hour demand because it's caused a

break of structure the higher time frame trend right the four-hour trend is

bullish it's very likely the higher low is going to be intact right because it

shouldn't breach this low here but if you're just looking at the m15 looking

at the m15 bearish trend seeing there's a strong m15 supply zone right you're

gonna get smashed a lot of the time not always but most of the time because four

hour overpowers m15 right the amount of demand and orders within here nested

within this area of price action that led to a four hour break of structure is

going to be much stronger than the amount of supply that it took just to

break this weak m15 low okay so that's why price may come up and it may react

initially but ultimately we can expect price to smash up right and go there to

the upside so let's get rid of these orange drawings

so now we already have we have that m15 change of character right which

then from a market structure standpoint can indicate or give us more probability

that that four hour high low may be in place especially now as it has mitigated

that extreme area of demand right it's all systems go now to start to

anticipate that that four hour high low may be in place so we don't don't just

want to buy straight away of course we can but we want to increase our accuracy

increase our strike rate and increase our reward to risk ratios so what do we

do we can jump down to uh the m1 time frame because we are anticipating what

we're anticipating that m15 pullback and we want to catch the m15 high low right

we want to see that that m15 um low is not breached and we want to see a higher

low and that's what we want to trade so we can mark out right the eq of this leg

here wait for price to pull back into the discount but we don't just want to

buy that straight away what do we want to do well what we did before is we

waited for the m1 to switch bullish right we waited for that m1 change of

character to the upside right to indicate that now potentially because

the m1 has started to switch bullish then the m15 high low may be in place

and it's in the discount what's the next tool that we now know that we can use to

increase the probability right we can look for price to come into

that m15 area of demand right that stepped in to lead to that m15 break of

structure that caused that m15 change of character so when we see that ahead of

time we've now got three tools right we've got premium versus discount we've

got price coming into our area of demand to mitigate this area of demand that

needs to hold right if that if that's going to be a protected low we then drop

to that m1 we see the m1 switch character as well so m15 demands being

mitigated the m1 has now switched bullish okay wait for them one to pull

back down into the discount but what else can we use on the m1 we can then

use the strong m1 demand right that led to the m1 breaker structure that led to

the m1 change of character that's in the origin or the extreme of the move that's

sitting in a discount and then boom this is where we can get long and we can

enter and we've used all of that confluence across multiple time frames

to then get long and then we can target that weak four-hour high right so you

know in theory there may be some if i draw on right there may be you know an

area of four-hour supply up here that's potentially still fresh right because it

did still cause that pivot it caused that minor breaker structure here it did

initiate that pullback and you know there may be a reaction from here and we

may want to trade that right we may want to take this short and play a bit of a

pullback or if we're in a long position here we can take the short here to hedge

our long position in case you know sometimes price may reverse right we

never really truly know that it's not high probability but it may happen but

ultimately we should expect that it may just cause a reaction it may just fill

up some demand right that was created on the way up and then ultimately that weak

high should go because price has done everything it needs to do down here if

the four hour bullish trend long term is going to continue but

yeah hopefully you guys you know should be pretty familiar with with this kind

of overall price action model here that we've been looking at but all we've now

done is just overlay um supply and demand zones in there across multiple

time frames to help not only help us initiate ahead of time how far price is

likely to go but then also when price is in here and we start to see those

signals right with changes of character and breaks of structure it can increase

the probability that this wasn't a fake not well a fake signal right and then

price can keep going higher right because it's mitigated a strong area of

supply so it increases the probability right it's not a guarantee it's

uncertainty increases the probability that we can now look to either play

those counter trend shorts or you know manage any positions if we're already in

long from down here so hopefully you can now see how all of these pieces of the

puzzle you know are starting to come together um as we're building it on

layer by layer so i think that's everything i wanted to mention at this

point what we'll now do is go back onto the charts that we've already marked up

on euro dollar and we're going to start to um apply

these concepts so well i would say if you're feeling pretty confident and you

want to have a go at this go now on the price action that we've been looking at

on your dollar or whatever pair you've been looking at and now go on there you

take one time frame at a time start on the way up right start your highest time

frame on the weekly or the daily right and draw on your your supply and demand

zones right you should already have your structure marked on and just see the

ones that are respected see the ones that are not respected um the weak zones

right so ie like this weak for our zone we just spoke about you know c does it

get a reaction right or does price spike through if it does get a reaction and

price pulls back does it pull back to an area of demand on a lower time frame

right start to see all these things um you know start to see okay price pulls

back here on the floor chart into this demand zone is there a way instead of me

just entering here with a really wide stop is there a way i can then jump down

to a lower time frame and then wait for that to switch bullish see if that comes

into m15 demand and then when it comes into that m15 demand drop down to

another time frame and see how the m1 reacts right um you know it doesn't

really matter what time frame right it could be the weekly the monthly you know

the 30 minute one hour whatever it's just right price is fractal i mean you

see here right we did this with the four hour the m15 and the m1 and we still

weren't 100 sure that this m1 zone was going to hold but what can we do well we

can jump down to the 15 seconds right we can wait for the 15 second to then

switch bullish and then what we do we mark out 15 second area of demand and

then we get in there because it's giving us a little bit more confirmation right

that this m1 zone is going to hold and it's going to go and you can just you

know in theory keep going down five seconds one second right i wouldn't

recommend necessarily doing that but that is literally what is happening

again and again and again right the one second has to switch bullish before this

entire move can happen right it happens first but of course you're gonna get a

hell of a lot more you know full signals which is why we always start on the hard

time frames for our overall directional bias we outline those highest

probability areas and that's what i was saying in the in the lesson before that

i'm only jumping down to my execution time frames which for me at the moment

is the m1 right i i'm literally not going below the m15 i'm waiting for all

of this to happen price to get down here before i'm even thinking about the m1

it's only when i see everything being mitigated that i want to you know expect

to be mitigated i'm seeing those breaks of structure that i'm then just using

for that final little bit of timing and the icing on the cake to then get

positioned and try and increase my reward to risk ratio as much as possible

so i'll leave that there before i waffle any longer let's open the charts let's

get practical let's look at some realistic examples and yeah and really

see if we can put this all together

you