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Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:01:12,531 --> 00:01:16,118 A sleeper is a painting that's being offered 2 00:01:16,660 --> 00:01:19,997 almost entirely at auction... 3 00:01:21,915 --> 00:01:25,961 which is clearly by a much better artist 4 00:01:26,044 --> 00:01:28,797 than the auction house has recognized. 5 00:01:30,507 --> 00:01:37,264 A sleeper hunter is someone who looks for these mistakes. 6 00:01:38,015 --> 00:01:41,351 And that's what I do. That's what I do. 7 00:01:46,648 --> 00:01:52,196 So I find this painting that's cataloged as after Leonardo. 8 00:01:55,490 --> 00:02:00,412 It's a copy after the lost Salvator Mundi, 9 00:02:00,495 --> 00:02:04,499 the savior of the world, that we know Leonardo did. 10 00:02:05,417 --> 00:02:08,211 Jesus is not an easy sell. 11 00:02:08,294 --> 00:02:11,882 But for whatever reason... 12 00:02:13,091 --> 00:02:16,094 this picture attracts my attention. 13 00:02:16,678 --> 00:02:19,765 And I call Robert Simon. 14 00:02:23,560 --> 00:02:27,231 We have purchased paintings together. We've done very well with them. 15 00:02:27,898 --> 00:02:30,234 He enjoys the same hunt. 16 00:02:30,317 --> 00:02:31,985 Alex called me and said... 17 00:02:32,986 --> 00:02:35,864 "Have you seen this picture down in New Orleans Auction?" 18 00:02:35,948 --> 00:02:39,409 He said, "Yeah, I saw it too. What shall we do?" 19 00:02:39,493 --> 00:02:42,996 And we decided to buy it. We're gonna buy it. 20 00:02:44,289 --> 00:02:45,749 We agreed on a price. 21 00:02:47,876 --> 00:02:49,753 Alex arranges for the shipment. 22 00:02:49,837 --> 00:02:54,258 I think it was sent UPS on a truck to New York. 23 00:04:04,411 --> 00:04:05,245 And we're rolling. 24 00:04:05,329 --> 00:04:06,330 -Rolling. -Yeah. 25 00:04:08,123 --> 00:04:09,708 -Rolling. -Good. 26 00:04:09,791 --> 00:04:12,294 I'm gonna open with a very broad question. 27 00:04:12,377 --> 00:04:15,631 Why do you think the Salvator Mundi has caused so much fuss? 28 00:04:15,714 --> 00:04:17,716 First, let me say this. 29 00:04:17,798 --> 00:04:20,719 This is the most improbable story 30 00:04:20,802 --> 00:04:23,972 that has, I think, ever happened in the art market. 31 00:04:24,056 --> 00:04:26,391 Everybody wanted it to be a Leonardo. 32 00:04:26,475 --> 00:04:29,811 And so everybody took the most optimistic view they could 33 00:04:29,895 --> 00:04:31,438 of it as a Leonardo. 34 00:04:31,522 --> 00:04:33,273 And perhaps it is a Leonardo. 35 00:04:33,357 --> 00:04:35,776 It's not even a good painting! 36 00:04:35,859 --> 00:04:38,362 I believe that a picture has its own power 37 00:04:38,445 --> 00:04:41,990 and that power is experienced only truly 38 00:04:42,074 --> 00:04:44,660 when you're standing in front of it. 39 00:04:44,743 --> 00:04:47,663 This is simply a matter of economics when you boil down to it. 40 00:04:47,746 --> 00:04:52,125 And greed. Basic human foibles. 41 00:04:54,294 --> 00:04:55,128 Money. 42 00:05:11,311 --> 00:05:13,522 The picture came in a cardboard box, 43 00:05:13,605 --> 00:05:17,693 which is kind of what you'd expect for the sort of money we spent. 44 00:05:18,443 --> 00:05:19,820 And I took it out... 45 00:05:22,239 --> 00:05:25,450 and two things are immediately apparent. 46 00:05:25,534 --> 00:05:28,537 And I mean... within five seconds. 47 00:05:29,079 --> 00:05:34,835 One, there's clearly a great deal of overpaint. 48 00:05:34,918 --> 00:05:40,757 Restoration on the face of Christ. 49 00:05:41,466 --> 00:05:42,634 And two... 50 00:05:43,677 --> 00:05:48,056 there's clearly a large swath of the painting... 51 00:05:48,974 --> 00:05:53,187 that is untouched, un-restored... 52 00:05:53,896 --> 00:05:57,357 and absolutely period. 53 00:05:58,150 --> 00:06:01,486 By that, I mean circa 1500. 54 00:06:04,156 --> 00:06:08,577 I'm thinking, "This is an extraordinary object." 55 00:06:08,660 --> 00:06:12,497 But what it is, I don't know. But we have to find out. 56 00:06:15,876 --> 00:06:19,171 It's a work from around the year 1500, 57 00:06:19,254 --> 00:06:23,091 probably by one of these artists so close to the master 58 00:06:23,175 --> 00:06:29,014 that it deserved, really, to have the best possible care. 59 00:06:31,642 --> 00:06:32,768 I'm Evan Beard. 60 00:06:32,851 --> 00:06:36,855 I run the Art Services group at Bank of America. 61 00:06:37,356 --> 00:06:39,733 We're the largest lender against art. 62 00:06:40,234 --> 00:06:43,862 We manage about 100 museum endowments around the country. 63 00:06:43,946 --> 00:06:47,574 This picture, it tells both an art historical story, 64 00:06:47,658 --> 00:06:51,245 but it also tells the history of financial markets, 65 00:06:51,328 --> 00:06:55,999 tells the history of the rise of social and cultural capital. 66 00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:05,801 So they bring the picture to probably the top art conservation professional 67 00:07:05,884 --> 00:07:08,011 in the entire field, 68 00:07:08,095 --> 00:07:09,888 Dianne Modestini. 69 00:07:11,473 --> 00:07:15,519 He comes over carrying this painting in... 70 00:07:16,311 --> 00:07:19,189 a black plastic garbage bag. 71 00:07:22,734 --> 00:07:27,281 And I take the painting out of the bag and put it on an easel. 72 00:07:30,158 --> 00:07:32,828 There are very lovely passages 73 00:07:33,453 --> 00:07:38,458 and other passages are very damaged, overpainted. 74 00:07:40,127 --> 00:07:41,670 I still didn't know what it was 75 00:07:41,753 --> 00:07:46,466 and I brought it to Mario in the bedroom. 76 00:07:46,967 --> 00:07:52,222 Mario Modestini is a celebrated painting conservator of all time. 77 00:07:55,809 --> 00:08:01,565 He also vetted the Ginevra de' Benci for the National Gallery. 78 00:08:01,648 --> 00:08:04,193 The only Leonardo in the Western Hemisphere. 79 00:08:06,653 --> 00:08:10,490 This is a man who's seen a lot of Leonardo 80 00:08:10,574 --> 00:08:13,035 and he might be interested in seeing the picture. 81 00:08:13,911 --> 00:08:17,372 At the time, he was 98 years old and housebound. 82 00:08:18,081 --> 00:08:21,502 I said, "Mario, look at this picture. What do you think of it?" 83 00:08:22,461 --> 00:08:25,589 And he suddenly kind of paid attention to it. 84 00:08:25,672 --> 00:08:30,677 And he said, "This is by a very great artist." 85 00:08:33,138 --> 00:08:37,976 And he said, "I don't know who it is, but it's the generation after Leonardo." 86 00:08:40,229 --> 00:08:46,235 I took some solvents from the cabinet, acetone and mineral spirits, 87 00:08:46,318 --> 00:08:51,198 and I rolled cotton wool on a stick. 88 00:08:52,574 --> 00:08:57,746 Then I began slowly to remove the varnish and some retouching. 89 00:09:01,583 --> 00:09:05,504 And one of the things that immediately appears 90 00:09:05,587 --> 00:09:08,048 is this thumb. 91 00:09:08,131 --> 00:09:11,593 A first position of the thumb. 92 00:09:19,351 --> 00:09:23,230 This is called "pentiment." It's an artist's first idea. 93 00:09:23,313 --> 00:09:27,150 The thumb was subsequently moved to a different position. 94 00:09:27,234 --> 00:09:30,362 And you don't usually find that in a copy, 95 00:09:30,445 --> 00:09:34,449 but it's not proof that it's definitely the original. 96 00:09:35,409 --> 00:09:38,120 At least it wasn't proof for me. 97 00:09:40,956 --> 00:09:42,624 As I remove retouching, 98 00:09:42,708 --> 00:09:44,501 the thumb appears immediately, 99 00:09:44,585 --> 00:09:45,752 as does... 100 00:09:47,254 --> 00:09:52,634 a lot of damage in the head. 101 00:09:54,928 --> 00:09:59,558 I notice that there's a very wide white fill, 102 00:09:59,641 --> 00:10:03,270 quite recent, that is covering a crack. 103 00:10:05,898 --> 00:10:08,859 This crack that runs through the panel 104 00:10:08,942 --> 00:10:12,821 is actually from a knot 105 00:10:12,905 --> 00:10:14,990 that's low down in the center. 106 00:10:17,284 --> 00:10:18,785 Next day, Dianne calls me. 107 00:10:18,869 --> 00:10:20,829 "Bob, I've cleaned the picture. 108 00:10:21,580 --> 00:10:24,082 And you have to come over and see it." 109 00:10:25,292 --> 00:10:26,627 I'm faced with two things. 110 00:10:26,710 --> 00:10:31,965 One is a picture that I see is severely damaged, 111 00:10:32,049 --> 00:10:33,967 but all of the very amateurish 112 00:10:34,051 --> 00:10:39,681 brownish, reddish paint that was an attempt to create a beard is gone. 113 00:10:39,765 --> 00:10:44,269 So I knew that it really needed conservation treatment 114 00:10:44,353 --> 00:10:45,896 at the very highest level. 115 00:10:50,067 --> 00:10:51,944 Mario dies in January. 116 00:10:56,490 --> 00:11:00,327 And I began to work on the Salvator Mundi in my studio. 117 00:11:01,328 --> 00:11:02,204 Alone. 118 00:11:14,466 --> 00:11:15,467 I would... 119 00:11:17,511 --> 00:11:21,849 carry on a conversation with Mario the entire time. 120 00:11:28,605 --> 00:11:30,524 I didn't talk to him out loud. 121 00:11:31,483 --> 00:11:34,069 Except maybe once or twice. 122 00:11:34,653 --> 00:11:39,616 But I would just have this dialogue with him in my head. 123 00:11:39,700 --> 00:11:43,078 I could hear him say, "He looks like he has a toothache." 124 00:11:43,161 --> 00:11:45,664 And I would do it over again. 125 00:11:45,747 --> 00:11:48,083 Or he would say, "Nose is crooked." 126 00:11:51,003 --> 00:11:54,506 Mario's face and the Salvator Mundi's face, you know, 127 00:11:54,590 --> 00:11:57,801 they kind of shift back and forth in my mind. 128 00:12:14,651 --> 00:12:20,949 One evening, I am wrestling for the tenth time 129 00:12:21,033 --> 00:12:24,912 with retouching a small loss, 130 00:12:24,995 --> 00:12:29,374 which is just above the lip, right here. 131 00:12:30,459 --> 00:12:33,754 And there is a transition in this area 132 00:12:33,837 --> 00:12:37,424 from the lip to the upper lip 133 00:12:38,425 --> 00:12:40,886 that is imperceptible. 134 00:12:40,969 --> 00:12:44,890 There is no line there, for the edge of the lip 135 00:12:44,973 --> 00:12:47,893 is exactly what is present 136 00:12:47,976 --> 00:12:51,605 in the same area of the Mona Lisa. 137 00:12:55,484 --> 00:12:56,818 My hands are shaking. 138 00:12:56,902 --> 00:13:02,991 No one except Leonardo could have painted this picture. 139 00:13:06,995 --> 00:13:11,708 I leave the building and call Robert and say, 140 00:13:11,792 --> 00:13:13,710 "The painting is by Leonardo." 141 00:13:21,093 --> 00:13:23,136 I think at that point... 142 00:13:24,805 --> 00:13:29,059 "What can we do? What is there to do with this picture?" 143 00:13:29,142 --> 00:13:33,605 There are only, by most people's count, 144 00:13:33,689 --> 00:13:37,651 about 15 Leonardos known. 145 00:13:38,235 --> 00:13:43,448 And to say, "I have found a picture like this," 146 00:13:43,532 --> 00:13:47,077 is, in our circles, akin to saying, 147 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:51,874 "I had a spaceship on my lawn last night and I saw some unicorns." 148 00:13:51,957 --> 00:13:54,376 It's just so far-fetched. 149 00:13:55,085 --> 00:13:58,505 Don't even try to convince yourself that it's right 150 00:13:58,589 --> 00:14:00,966 because you're just gonna look like a fool. 151 00:14:03,719 --> 00:14:08,140 "The most famous artist of the High Renaissance." 152 00:14:08,682 --> 00:14:11,852 Those paintings are heavily documented. 153 00:14:11,935 --> 00:14:15,147 And all of a sudden, we have this one. 154 00:14:15,898 --> 00:14:19,026 It disappears for hundreds of years. 155 00:14:19,526 --> 00:14:23,780 And then it turns up in America? 156 00:14:24,448 --> 00:14:26,158 In New Orleans? 157 00:14:27,701 --> 00:14:29,411 I see. 158 00:14:30,829 --> 00:14:34,833 Here's the lost Leonardo that somebody once mentioned in a book. 159 00:14:37,085 --> 00:14:39,087 When you go back to Old Masters, 160 00:14:39,171 --> 00:14:41,465 the provenance is very important 161 00:14:41,548 --> 00:14:44,760 because that line of ownership tells its story. 162 00:14:45,427 --> 00:14:48,889 Where did this object come from and in what context 163 00:14:48,972 --> 00:14:51,975 did it land in the moment it's in right now? 164 00:14:53,143 --> 00:14:57,940 So, you know, Robert spent a lot of time going through archives 165 00:14:58,023 --> 00:15:00,859 and starting to piece together a provenance, 166 00:15:00,943 --> 00:15:05,739 because any picture, if it doesn't have a provenance, there's doubt. 167 00:15:05,822 --> 00:15:09,952 There's reasons for people not to believe what it is. 168 00:15:11,703 --> 00:15:15,916 I was able to trace the painting's whereabouts to the year 1900, 169 00:15:15,999 --> 00:15:20,420 when it was sold at a London auction as attributed to Luini. 170 00:15:21,046 --> 00:15:23,465 But then the trail went cold. 171 00:15:25,467 --> 00:15:29,137 I looked through old British inventories from the 17th century 172 00:15:29,805 --> 00:15:34,184 and I found two possible citations in the collection of Charles I. 173 00:15:34,726 --> 00:15:39,857 And my colleague Margaret Dalivalle found one in the collection of Charles II. 174 00:15:41,024 --> 00:15:44,570 Our painting does not have the royal brand on its reverse, 175 00:15:44,653 --> 00:15:47,573 as the panel has been thinned and rebacked. 176 00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:52,369 It seems possible, but not provable, that this is the same painting. 177 00:15:53,453 --> 00:15:56,582 But still today, we don't know exactly which one it might be. 178 00:16:02,087 --> 00:16:03,881 Particularly in the Old Masters' space, 179 00:16:03,964 --> 00:16:07,301 opinions matter more than facts at any one time. 180 00:16:08,760 --> 00:16:11,597 And you always start with the two or three 181 00:16:11,680 --> 00:16:15,058 who are most willing to potentially listen to you 182 00:16:15,142 --> 00:16:17,853 that this could be by the hand of the master. 183 00:16:18,854 --> 00:16:20,564 When you're a museum curator, 184 00:16:20,647 --> 00:16:24,902 you quite often get sent images by e-mail, 185 00:16:24,985 --> 00:16:27,321 transparencies, whatever they might be, 186 00:16:27,404 --> 00:16:32,701 of pictures that people hope might be lost or forgotten masterpieces. 187 00:16:32,784 --> 00:16:35,746 And I have to say that for the most part, 188 00:16:35,829 --> 00:16:39,333 they are, to put it politely, somewhat disappointing. 189 00:16:39,416 --> 00:16:45,923 So when I was sent a transparency of the Salvator Mundi, 190 00:16:46,006 --> 00:16:50,802 I was, I have to say, somewhat skeptical about what one would see. 191 00:16:53,138 --> 00:16:55,224 And I looked at it and I thought, 192 00:16:55,724 --> 00:16:59,645 "Gosh, this feels powerful." 193 00:17:00,479 --> 00:17:05,192 And I felt it needed to be seen in the flesh. 194 00:17:06,276 --> 00:17:10,864 So he suggested that he would invite 195 00:17:10,948 --> 00:17:15,077 the leading scholars on Leonardo to see the painting 196 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:18,372 in kind of the neutral territory 197 00:17:18,454 --> 00:17:21,500 of the painting conservation lab at the National Gallery. 198 00:17:22,084 --> 00:17:28,549 What I was hoping to do in gathering the scholars at the National Gallery 199 00:17:28,632 --> 00:17:32,219 was to look carefully at the picture 200 00:17:32,302 --> 00:17:35,138 and how it spoke to that group of people. 201 00:17:38,308 --> 00:17:39,434 I'm Martin Kemp, 202 00:17:39,518 --> 00:17:42,980 emeritus professor of the History of Art, University of Oxford. 203 00:17:45,524 --> 00:17:49,236 The Salvator Mundi came out of the blue literally as a surprise, 204 00:17:49,319 --> 00:17:53,490 because there's been no authentic Leonardo painting for over 100 years. 205 00:17:53,574 --> 00:17:58,036 So you don't sit there waiting for one to come along. 206 00:17:59,413 --> 00:18:04,585 We knew that Leonardo had been involved with the subject of the Salvator Mundi. 207 00:18:04,668 --> 00:18:06,879 We also have two drawings at Windsor, 208 00:18:06,962 --> 00:18:09,756 very beautiful red chalk drawings for draperies, 209 00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:11,925 one for the chest with the gathered drapery, 210 00:18:12,009 --> 00:18:14,761 and the other for the arm and sleeve. 211 00:18:14,845 --> 00:18:17,556 So we know he was involved in planning that. 212 00:18:21,185 --> 00:18:25,189 There are quite a lot of copies. I think we're now up to plus 20. 213 00:18:28,692 --> 00:18:32,029 But I thought that if Leonardo had painted an original, 214 00:18:32,112 --> 00:18:34,781 the chance of it turning up was very small. 215 00:18:36,116 --> 00:18:38,327 A Leonardo can be several different things. 216 00:18:38,410 --> 00:18:41,663 There's works that are fully accepted from the hand of the master 217 00:18:41,747 --> 00:18:44,750 and you will see them labeled by Leonardo. 218 00:18:47,461 --> 00:18:50,005 But there are also workshop of Leonardo. 219 00:18:51,131 --> 00:18:54,218 He was guiding perhaps a student on the work, 220 00:18:54,301 --> 00:18:56,845 but there's not firm agreement that the entire work 221 00:18:56,929 --> 00:18:58,889 is from the hand of the author. 222 00:19:01,141 --> 00:19:03,101 You have circle of Leonardo's, 223 00:19:03,185 --> 00:19:07,523 followers that did work in their style and in their manner. 224 00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:11,026 And then finally, follower of Leonardo, 225 00:19:11,109 --> 00:19:14,738 who is doing his picture in the artist's style. 226 00:19:17,950 --> 00:19:22,037 If this picture was the follower of a follower of da Vinci, 227 00:19:22,120 --> 00:19:27,417 it would be worth what Mr. Simon paid for it, $1100. 228 00:19:27,501 --> 00:19:30,754 If it was a student of, 229 00:19:31,255 --> 00:19:35,884 say he was working under da Vinci at the time, like Boltraffio was, 230 00:19:35,968 --> 00:19:39,930 it would be exponentially more valuable than that. 231 00:19:40,013 --> 00:19:42,683 And if it was by the hand of the master, 232 00:19:42,766 --> 00:19:45,394 then it would be, not exponentially, 233 00:19:45,477 --> 00:19:49,231 but exponentially upon exponentially more valuable. 234 00:19:49,314 --> 00:19:51,733 The curve is rather absurd. 235 00:19:53,527 --> 00:19:58,198 We had already begun to plan the Leonardo exhibition, 236 00:19:58,282 --> 00:20:01,577 which had some major loans already agreed. 237 00:20:04,621 --> 00:20:06,915 The issue was how to take this picture to London. 238 00:20:06,999 --> 00:20:11,128 It was unframed and a special box was built for it, 239 00:20:11,211 --> 00:20:14,798 and it was small enough so that it could be hand-carried 240 00:20:14,882 --> 00:20:17,843 and go through the x-ray machine. 241 00:20:30,814 --> 00:20:33,358 The next day, I go to the National Gallery 242 00:20:33,442 --> 00:20:39,156 where it awaits the arrival of the invited scholars. 243 00:20:40,616 --> 00:20:45,412 You're dealing with the ego and dreams of academics. 244 00:20:45,495 --> 00:20:49,208 Every academic wants to make a discovery. 245 00:20:50,459 --> 00:20:56,798 I'm trying, when I'm going to London, not to set up expectations. 246 00:20:56,882 --> 00:20:58,509 Expectations are dangerous 247 00:20:58,592 --> 00:21:00,844 because you end up seeing what you want to see. 248 00:21:04,556 --> 00:21:07,017 I decided to play it as cool as I could, 249 00:21:07,100 --> 00:21:12,523 and looked at it, and clearly, it's got a presence. 250 00:21:12,606 --> 00:21:14,983 Leonardos have a strange presence. 251 00:21:15,067 --> 00:21:18,904 They are very assertive, but at the same time very ambiguous. 252 00:21:19,988 --> 00:21:22,616 And Leonardo does that. Other people can't. 253 00:21:26,411 --> 00:21:28,205 I'm Maria Teresa Fiorio. 254 00:21:28,288 --> 00:21:33,168 I worked in the museums of the city of Milano. 255 00:21:35,254 --> 00:21:39,633 The first time I saw the Salvator Mundi was in London. 256 00:21:46,890 --> 00:21:51,687 I was particularly shocked by the lower part of the painting. 257 00:21:51,770 --> 00:21:53,730 Because it's the part that is best conserved. 258 00:21:53,814 --> 00:21:58,360 So my impression was that it could be a Leonardo. 259 00:21:59,611 --> 00:22:04,449 But it is difficult to judge a painting in a conservation state 260 00:22:04,533 --> 00:22:06,451 that was so... 261 00:22:07,536 --> 00:22:11,540 So damaged, to be honest. 262 00:22:12,833 --> 00:22:16,837 I always have a magnifying glass with me, which may seem pretentious, 263 00:22:16,920 --> 00:22:20,090 but it actually serves me well in these circumstances. 264 00:22:20,174 --> 00:22:23,886 It means I can shut up and just get on with looking at something, 265 00:22:23,969 --> 00:22:28,599 rather than having to ramble on about it. 266 00:22:28,682 --> 00:22:31,852 So there's an amazing moment. 267 00:22:39,151 --> 00:22:43,405 I didn't really get any answer, I didn't get any direct answer from them. 268 00:22:43,488 --> 00:22:47,284 They were-- I also knew not to insist. 269 00:22:48,035 --> 00:22:50,662 So did you get to talk to all of the scholars 270 00:22:50,746 --> 00:22:54,208 and did you ask them directly, "Is it Leonardo?" 271 00:22:54,958 --> 00:22:59,880 I sometimes think that it's better to hear opinions over... 272 00:23:00,506 --> 00:23:02,216 the course of a conversation. 273 00:23:02,299 --> 00:23:05,802 So there was certainly no moment where we voted, 274 00:23:05,886 --> 00:23:09,848 or where I put this question to people directly. 275 00:23:09,932 --> 00:23:13,560 It was much more a kind of sense of what their response was. 276 00:23:15,145 --> 00:23:18,857 To me at least, the response in the room felt very positive. 277 00:23:18,941 --> 00:23:23,946 It felt as if there'd been... That discovery was confirmed in a way, 278 00:23:24,029 --> 00:23:30,285 and that this group of scholars was as excited as I had been. 279 00:23:30,369 --> 00:23:35,249 Nobody asked me a formal opinion about this painting. 280 00:23:35,332 --> 00:23:41,213 It was just... I shouldn't say a chat, but something like that. 281 00:23:41,839 --> 00:23:44,758 So the scholars were just brought in for an afternoon to look at it? 282 00:23:44,842 --> 00:23:45,801 Brought in, yes. 283 00:23:45,884 --> 00:23:47,845 They looked at it and said, "Looks good to me"? 284 00:23:47,928 --> 00:23:52,432 Well, they were open to the fact that it was a da Vinci. 285 00:23:53,642 --> 00:23:56,812 They named the scholars and said, "These people authenticated the painting"? 286 00:23:56,895 --> 00:23:58,397 -Yes. -Oh, God. 287 00:24:03,402 --> 00:24:05,863 There is a suspicious aspect to it, 288 00:24:05,946 --> 00:24:10,075 in that the provenance of the painting is very murky. 289 00:24:10,158 --> 00:24:12,786 It's ghostlike, from where it came from. 290 00:24:12,870 --> 00:24:14,538 So there's a question there. 291 00:24:17,958 --> 00:24:20,169 Maybe it was a week or week and a half later, 292 00:24:20,252 --> 00:24:23,964 the National Gallery called me to tell me that basically 293 00:24:24,047 --> 00:24:28,802 everyone had agreed that the picture was indeed by Leonardo. 294 00:24:34,183 --> 00:24:37,561 This was the moment we had to say, 295 00:24:37,644 --> 00:24:40,856 not only to each other, but to ourselves, 296 00:24:41,648 --> 00:24:44,860 "This is real. This really is real. 297 00:24:45,485 --> 00:24:50,908 This is a da Vinci and we're currently the owners of it." 298 00:24:54,703 --> 00:24:58,332 How long would you queue to see an exhibition? 299 00:24:59,458 --> 00:25:02,878 These da Vinci fans stood in the cold for hours. 300 00:25:04,087 --> 00:25:07,132 It's like watching your child go out into the world 301 00:25:07,216 --> 00:25:10,219 and just hoping that they don't fall down, scrape their knee, 302 00:25:10,302 --> 00:25:12,012 that nobody hurts their feelings. 303 00:25:12,095 --> 00:25:16,266 This is Leonardo's rediscovered Salvator Mundi 304 00:25:16,350 --> 00:25:20,521 that has astonishingly turned up in the United States of America. 305 00:25:21,980 --> 00:25:26,151 It sort of seduces your soul. It's calming just to be near it. 306 00:25:26,235 --> 00:25:30,489 Finding a Leonardo is not something that you can do every day. 307 00:25:35,452 --> 00:25:38,121 So they presented it as a Leonardo. 308 00:25:38,205 --> 00:25:39,456 As Leonardo. Yes. 309 00:25:39,540 --> 00:25:42,626 Okay, so that was their own decision. 310 00:25:42,709 --> 00:25:44,753 -Yes. -Okay, so... 311 00:25:44,837 --> 00:25:49,424 We found it as a Leonardo in the exhibition. 312 00:25:50,342 --> 00:25:55,389 Before the exhibition, the National Gallery makes a press release 313 00:25:55,472 --> 00:26:00,102 where it's described as a sort of test, but when the exhibition opens, 314 00:26:00,185 --> 00:26:04,064 the painting is labeled as a full-autographed Leonardo. 315 00:26:04,147 --> 00:26:05,190 Why this difference? 316 00:26:06,692 --> 00:26:09,820 So putting "attributed to," 317 00:26:09,903 --> 00:26:14,241 or "ascribed to," or "possibly by," or one of these phrases, 318 00:26:14,324 --> 00:26:17,703 would, I think, have been to distort my own view, 319 00:26:17,786 --> 00:26:20,372 and to really, 320 00:26:20,455 --> 00:26:23,792 in a way, confuse the issue still further 321 00:26:23,876 --> 00:26:29,548 that this was the lost picture by Leonardo of the Salvator Mundi. 322 00:26:30,841 --> 00:26:33,218 I felt the National Gallery was in a good place 323 00:26:33,302 --> 00:26:35,512 to put this picture on view, 324 00:26:35,596 --> 00:26:38,682 and I have to say, had I felt anything differently at that point, 325 00:26:38,765 --> 00:26:40,642 we would have made a very different decision. 326 00:26:44,855 --> 00:26:48,192 My name is Frank Zöllner. I'm working on Renaissance art, 327 00:26:48,275 --> 00:26:50,485 Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo. 328 00:26:51,528 --> 00:26:54,656 I saw the Salvator in the exhibition in London, 329 00:26:54,740 --> 00:26:57,993 and my first impression basically said, 330 00:26:58,076 --> 00:27:00,537 "Okay, this is an interesting painting, 331 00:27:00,621 --> 00:27:04,333 but there's something very strange." 332 00:27:05,167 --> 00:27:08,170 For example, the curls are sort of very schematic 333 00:27:08,253 --> 00:27:14,218 and the blessing hand, the flesh tones, looks like a pupil to me. 334 00:27:14,301 --> 00:27:19,097 And then you have this overall aura, the overall light. 335 00:27:20,516 --> 00:27:23,810 It's something which is very, very good. 336 00:27:23,894 --> 00:27:27,940 But this is exactly the part which has been restored. 337 00:27:28,023 --> 00:27:30,567 So this is a quite paradoxical situation. 338 00:27:30,651 --> 00:27:34,029 You have the old parts of the painting which are original. 339 00:27:34,112 --> 00:27:35,614 These are by pupils. 340 00:27:35,697 --> 00:27:39,076 And you have the new part of the painting, which look like Leonardo, 341 00:27:39,159 --> 00:27:41,036 but they are by the restorer. 342 00:27:42,746 --> 00:27:47,417 In some part, it's a masterpiece by Dianne Modestini. 343 00:27:47,501 --> 00:27:51,797 But that's ridiculous because I can't paint like Leonardo. 344 00:27:53,423 --> 00:27:55,717 I mean, it's very flattering, but it's absurd. 345 00:27:55,801 --> 00:27:59,638 I think she has done a great job on it as a painter. 346 00:27:59,721 --> 00:28:03,767 But one can ask if she maybe has overdone it a bit. 347 00:28:03,851 --> 00:28:08,063 I think it's more Leonardesque than Leonardo had done it. 348 00:28:14,194 --> 00:28:16,113 Well, to me, the work is not by Leonardo 349 00:28:16,196 --> 00:28:19,491 because I don't recognize his technique. 350 00:28:19,575 --> 00:28:22,578 What struck me first was the hand. 351 00:28:22,661 --> 00:28:27,124 Because the lifted fingers were absolutely wrong 352 00:28:27,207 --> 00:28:30,043 because, notably this one, 353 00:28:30,127 --> 00:28:35,174 because it seems to rotate over itself, which, of course, is impossible. 354 00:28:36,466 --> 00:28:40,679 He studied human anatomy extensively. 355 00:28:42,306 --> 00:28:44,099 Imagining that... 356 00:28:45,309 --> 00:28:48,729 such a work led him to paint wrong hands... 357 00:28:49,605 --> 00:28:52,816 can't be thought about. It's unthinkable. 358 00:28:55,986 --> 00:28:59,781 We need a little distance to judge this painting. 359 00:28:59,865 --> 00:29:05,370 Attribution issues are not decided in one or in ten years. 360 00:29:05,454 --> 00:29:09,208 They are decided in ten, in 20, in 30 years. 361 00:29:09,291 --> 00:29:14,922 And it may turn out that in 50 years' time, people say, 362 00:29:15,005 --> 00:29:17,341 "Okay, how could these idiots 363 00:29:17,424 --> 00:29:22,513 at the early 21st century see this as a Leonardo painting?" 364 00:29:27,017 --> 00:29:30,270 There's been a lot of noise and so on. 365 00:29:30,354 --> 00:29:32,898 How has it been for you to be through that? 366 00:29:34,066 --> 00:29:35,150 Fine. 367 00:29:39,655 --> 00:29:45,494 What do you feel is at stake for you, personally, in this case? 368 00:29:45,577 --> 00:29:47,371 -Nothing. -No? 369 00:29:48,413 --> 00:29:50,040 You're not gonna get anywhere. Sorry. 370 00:29:50,123 --> 00:29:53,043 -Okay. -That's a fair answer, I think. 371 00:30:07,432 --> 00:30:09,268 You could say I'm a maximalist. 372 00:30:09,977 --> 00:30:14,565 There's not much wall space left, but there's always somewhere else. 373 00:30:14,648 --> 00:30:16,483 I haven't used the ceiling yet. 374 00:30:17,484 --> 00:30:20,153 Everyone in this country now, and I guess the world, 375 00:30:20,237 --> 00:30:23,073 talks about fake news, and all lies and politics, 376 00:30:23,156 --> 00:30:26,368 and all of the hypocrisy that you see. 377 00:30:26,451 --> 00:30:31,331 But the thing is, what scares people the most, in my business, is the truth. 378 00:30:32,541 --> 00:30:35,752 What's the reason that the National Museum would show this painting? 379 00:30:35,836 --> 00:30:39,882 Simple. Unfortunately, it's to boost the visitors. 380 00:30:39,965 --> 00:30:41,967 They have no right to exhibit a painting 381 00:30:42,050 --> 00:30:45,929 that hasn't been 150% scrutinized 382 00:30:46,013 --> 00:30:51,185 and vetted that it is what it purports to be. 383 00:30:51,268 --> 00:30:53,187 And in this case, that painting was nowhere 384 00:30:53,270 --> 00:30:55,939 near that stage of authentication 385 00:30:56,023 --> 00:30:58,734 where it would be warranted to be exhibited 386 00:30:58,817 --> 00:31:01,361 in such a tremendously reputable 387 00:31:01,445 --> 00:31:03,697 and influential museum. It's just not right. 388 00:31:05,991 --> 00:31:08,160 I mean, whenever there's a lot of money involved, 389 00:31:08,243 --> 00:31:09,870 the world becomes a bunch of worms 390 00:31:09,953 --> 00:31:12,080 intertwined when you pick up a rock. 391 00:31:12,164 --> 00:31:15,417 There was no doubt in anyone's mind where this painting 392 00:31:15,501 --> 00:31:18,462 was ultimately going to end up, which was for sale. 393 00:31:25,677 --> 00:31:29,431 Well, I'm Warren Adelson, and I've been an art dealer 394 00:31:29,515 --> 00:31:31,433 for most of my adult life. 395 00:31:31,517 --> 00:31:35,312 My first encounter was at a lunch with Bob Simon, 396 00:31:35,395 --> 00:31:38,857 and he was grinning and he was grinning. 397 00:31:38,941 --> 00:31:42,027 And I said, "What's with you? What's going on with you?" 398 00:31:42,110 --> 00:31:44,363 He said, "I've got to tell you, nobody knows this, 399 00:31:44,446 --> 00:31:48,742 but we just had this picture by Leonardo 400 00:31:48,825 --> 00:31:52,955 in London at the National Gallery, and it's been authenticated." 401 00:31:53,497 --> 00:31:56,542 And I said, "Wow, can I see an image of it?" 402 00:31:57,084 --> 00:32:00,087 And he showed me a photograph of it. 403 00:32:00,170 --> 00:32:02,089 And I thought it was incredible. 404 00:32:02,172 --> 00:32:05,592 I said, "You know, maybe there's some role for me here. 405 00:32:05,676 --> 00:32:10,389 I have a history, as you know, of selling expensive pictures." 406 00:32:11,014 --> 00:32:13,725 So Warren became our third partner. 407 00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:19,982 When you had to figure out the price, how did you come about that? 408 00:32:20,065 --> 00:32:22,734 I came up-- Certainly, we came up with an idea 409 00:32:22,818 --> 00:32:25,529 that it was worth in excess of $200 million. 410 00:32:26,738 --> 00:32:30,242 You know, the desire was not to put it on the market, essentially. 411 00:32:30,325 --> 00:32:35,497 The desire was for it to be acquired by a museum. 412 00:32:37,875 --> 00:32:43,505 I made an attempt to sell the painting to museums. 413 00:32:43,589 --> 00:32:46,925 I'm from Boston. I went to the Boston Museum. 414 00:32:47,009 --> 00:32:49,887 I was close to the Houston Museum 415 00:32:49,970 --> 00:32:52,264 through my great friend Meredith Long. 416 00:32:52,347 --> 00:32:54,308 I tried the Dallas Museum 417 00:32:54,391 --> 00:32:56,560 and the painting was there for nine months 418 00:32:56,643 --> 00:32:59,021 and they tried to raise the money. 419 00:32:59,104 --> 00:33:00,981 So why didn't they buy it? 420 00:33:01,857 --> 00:33:04,443 It was completely an issue of... 421 00:33:05,444 --> 00:33:08,655 inability to raise the sufficient funds to acquire it. 422 00:33:18,916 --> 00:33:21,627 My name is Bernd Lindemann. 423 00:33:21,710 --> 00:33:25,631 I was the director of the Gemäldegalerie here in Berlin. 424 00:33:26,673 --> 00:33:30,677 One day I got a telephone call. It was a dealer, 425 00:33:30,761 --> 00:33:34,723 and he said he has something which could be interesting 426 00:33:34,806 --> 00:33:37,518 for the Gemäldegalerie. Well, and that was the painting. 427 00:33:44,358 --> 00:33:47,528 Most of the painting is a remake, 428 00:33:47,611 --> 00:33:50,531 and this was, for me, the argument to say, 429 00:33:50,614 --> 00:33:54,493 "No, this is not a painting for the Gemäldegalerie." 430 00:33:56,245 --> 00:33:58,914 I was surprised to see the painting 431 00:33:58,997 --> 00:34:02,584 in the exhibition at the National Gallery in London. 432 00:34:02,668 --> 00:34:04,586 It is a problematic painting, 433 00:34:04,670 --> 00:34:09,675 and I think it's not the role of serious museums 434 00:34:10,300 --> 00:34:15,138 to present a painting which is so heavily discussed. 435 00:34:18,725 --> 00:34:22,521 It was very frustrating. It was a very frustrating thing. 436 00:34:22,603 --> 00:34:26,275 I felt I had the rarest painting in the world 437 00:34:27,025 --> 00:34:29,652 by the greatest artist in the world, 438 00:34:29,735 --> 00:34:31,196 and I couldn't sell it. 439 00:34:35,449 --> 00:34:39,161 There were so many issues that are like red flags popping up. 440 00:34:41,164 --> 00:34:42,666 Da Vinci paints on wood. 441 00:34:42,748 --> 00:34:45,918 When he's making these paintings, he's such a perfectionist. 442 00:34:46,003 --> 00:34:49,047 He's not gonna paint it on a piece of shit wood 443 00:34:49,130 --> 00:34:50,757 with a big knot right in the middle, 444 00:34:50,841 --> 00:34:54,344 which inherently makes the painting unstable. 445 00:34:54,428 --> 00:34:56,429 It's just not the way he operates. 446 00:34:57,097 --> 00:35:00,058 I mean, the joke circulating around the contemporary art world 447 00:35:00,142 --> 00:35:03,020 was that the painting was a contemporary painting because 90% of it 448 00:35:03,103 --> 00:35:07,482 was painted within the last ten years, during the restoration process. 449 00:35:15,574 --> 00:35:19,786 Mario and I had a house southeast of Florence that we restored together. 450 00:35:19,870 --> 00:35:21,496 It's bittersweet 451 00:35:21,580 --> 00:35:23,248 because there are so many memories there 452 00:35:23,332 --> 00:35:24,708 and so many ties. 453 00:35:29,796 --> 00:35:35,010 Mario used to like to use these little, you know, small boards to paint on. 454 00:35:35,093 --> 00:35:39,014 Oh, that's one of his. That's a little picture that he painted. 455 00:35:39,097 --> 00:35:40,224 I think. 456 00:35:40,307 --> 00:35:43,435 I think that's Mario. Maybe it's me. I'm not sure. 457 00:35:43,519 --> 00:35:44,394 Well, yeah. 458 00:35:44,478 --> 00:35:46,855 I had never really painted when I met him. 459 00:35:46,939 --> 00:35:48,482 So he was... 460 00:35:49,608 --> 00:35:51,860 Yeah, so he began teaching me to draw, 461 00:35:51,944 --> 00:35:53,654 and to paint, and to draw from these... 462 00:35:57,616 --> 00:36:00,285 I know there are rumors that I was part owner of the picture, 463 00:36:00,369 --> 00:36:02,120 but that's completely untrue. 464 00:36:02,663 --> 00:36:06,291 People may think that because my husband was... 465 00:36:06,375 --> 00:36:10,087 He absolutely did own shares in pictures all the time, 466 00:36:10,170 --> 00:36:12,422 because Mario was also a dealer. 467 00:36:16,260 --> 00:36:17,845 He worked with the best dealers. 468 00:36:17,928 --> 00:36:19,721 That's why I have money, pictures, things. 469 00:36:19,805 --> 00:36:23,267 No, Mario bought pictures and shares with dealers, 470 00:36:23,350 --> 00:36:25,561 but he was such a great connoisseur, 471 00:36:25,644 --> 00:36:29,356 apart from being a restorer, that he was so valuable to them, 472 00:36:29,439 --> 00:36:31,608 but it was with the top of the top. 473 00:36:35,404 --> 00:36:36,738 But I'm not a dealer. 474 00:36:37,531 --> 00:36:41,368 Art dealers, the whole art world is very tricky and, you know... 475 00:36:42,411 --> 00:36:43,662 You know? And it's... 476 00:36:44,746 --> 00:36:46,039 And I'm not-- 477 00:36:46,123 --> 00:36:50,419 I'm not that kind of tricky person. So I don't-- 478 00:36:50,502 --> 00:36:53,672 I would never get into that. Never. 479 00:36:54,256 --> 00:36:56,466 And I certainly didn't have anything to do with this. 480 00:36:59,136 --> 00:37:02,681 And why do you say it was more than just a restoration? 481 00:37:02,764 --> 00:37:05,726 I was also involved with the whole process 482 00:37:05,809 --> 00:37:07,477 of attributing the painting 483 00:37:07,561 --> 00:37:09,688 and being a spokesman for the picture, 484 00:37:09,771 --> 00:37:12,065 which I did because I absolutely believe in it. 485 00:37:14,443 --> 00:37:16,111 I said to Robert one day, 486 00:37:16,195 --> 00:37:19,823 "I don't know how to charge you for this. It's more than just a restoration." 487 00:37:19,907 --> 00:37:21,533 He said, "When we sell it," 488 00:37:21,617 --> 00:37:23,368 he said, you know... 489 00:37:24,161 --> 00:37:27,497 "I'll give you what, you know, I believe you deserve." 490 00:37:30,584 --> 00:37:32,878 So it was not like a fixed percentage? 491 00:37:32,961 --> 00:37:34,171 It was never fixed. 492 00:37:34,838 --> 00:37:38,133 He paid me generously, but yeah. 493 00:37:45,974 --> 00:37:50,521 Geneva, historically, is a place you go to disappear. 494 00:37:52,022 --> 00:37:56,735 This is a place where nations negotiate peace treaties. 495 00:37:56,818 --> 00:38:00,697 This is a place where diplomats and intelligence agents go 496 00:38:00,781 --> 00:38:02,574 to have a neutral territory. 497 00:38:02,658 --> 00:38:04,117 And this is also a place 498 00:38:04,201 --> 00:38:08,288 where businessmen are able to run sensitive operations 499 00:38:08,372 --> 00:38:12,668 in a very low-voltage, safe environment. 500 00:38:14,628 --> 00:38:18,882 So the painting is sold to Yves Bouvier. 501 00:38:24,763 --> 00:38:29,142 I'm not scared. It's actually the concentration that makes it work. 502 00:38:30,561 --> 00:38:32,396 I like speed. 503 00:38:34,982 --> 00:38:38,485 But I never dreamt of going to the moon or becoming an art dealer. 504 00:38:38,569 --> 00:38:40,445 I did not have this kind of... 505 00:38:41,321 --> 00:38:42,322 dream. 506 00:38:49,204 --> 00:38:52,666 There are many versions of Yves Bouvier. 507 00:38:53,375 --> 00:38:57,796 And the more I have gotten to know him, 508 00:38:57,880 --> 00:38:59,756 the less I think I know him. 509 00:39:02,801 --> 00:39:06,471 The Bouvier Affair was a bit the elephant in the room 510 00:39:06,555 --> 00:39:08,932 for investigative journalists in Switzerland. 511 00:39:09,016 --> 00:39:12,019 And we were able 512 00:39:12,102 --> 00:39:16,064 to get access to a lot of court documents, 513 00:39:16,148 --> 00:39:21,403 and that enabled us to build a narrative, 514 00:39:21,486 --> 00:39:25,949 a storyline that was as close to the truth as we could have. 515 00:39:33,373 --> 00:39:37,669 Yves Bouvier is a quiet guy 516 00:39:37,753 --> 00:39:39,755 who, I think, at the time, 517 00:39:39,838 --> 00:39:42,758 you probably would not have said is a major player 518 00:39:42,841 --> 00:39:46,762 in the art world, but he played a major role. 519 00:39:48,138 --> 00:39:51,558 He meets a Russian transplant 520 00:39:51,642 --> 00:39:55,812 who really exiles himself in Geneva, 521 00:39:55,896 --> 00:39:58,982 Mr. Dmitry Rybolovlev. 522 00:40:03,904 --> 00:40:08,200 He was only interested in exceptional artists and masterpieces. 523 00:40:08,283 --> 00:40:13,288 His rule and choice was, "I want the 'top ones'." 524 00:40:17,584 --> 00:40:21,463 He told me that he saw a photo of the painting. 525 00:40:21,547 --> 00:40:24,842 And that he liked it and wanted to buy it. 526 00:40:26,009 --> 00:40:28,720 I started to investigate the painting. 527 00:40:28,804 --> 00:40:30,222 Nobody wanted it. 528 00:40:33,767 --> 00:40:34,726 So I told him... 529 00:40:34,810 --> 00:40:36,436 Dear Dmitry, 530 00:40:36,520 --> 00:40:38,188 ..."Don't buy this painting. 531 00:40:39,189 --> 00:40:41,567 It will never be a good investment." 532 00:40:42,192 --> 00:40:43,777 There are major issues. 533 00:40:43,861 --> 00:40:47,072 The restoration took many years. 534 00:40:47,155 --> 00:40:51,034 It has been restored for 5 years, that's a really long time. 535 00:40:51,118 --> 00:40:54,955 There was the issue that Ms. Modestini had financial interest in the sale. 536 00:40:55,038 --> 00:40:57,249 The face was almost nonexistent. 537 00:40:57,332 --> 00:41:01,712 The actual original part of the painting was very small. 538 00:41:01,795 --> 00:41:03,297 The price $200 million. 539 00:41:03,380 --> 00:41:06,258 The fact that the price was too high 540 00:41:06,341 --> 00:41:08,552 would make him the laughing stock of the art market. 541 00:41:10,053 --> 00:41:11,221 Best regards, Yves Bouvier. 542 00:41:11,305 --> 00:41:13,348 I wasn't comfortable with this painting. 543 00:41:13,891 --> 00:41:16,351 It's like selling a car that has been in an accident. 544 00:41:17,144 --> 00:41:18,520 But you were selling it anyway? 545 00:41:19,021 --> 00:41:21,982 If the client really wants it and was warned about everything. 546 00:41:23,233 --> 00:41:28,113 In the end I said, "If you really want it, I'll get it for you." 547 00:41:28,197 --> 00:41:31,074 I asked Sotheby's to find the painting 548 00:41:31,158 --> 00:41:36,288 so we could sign a contract with the owners of the painting 549 00:41:36,371 --> 00:41:38,081 allowing me to buy it and sell it later. 550 00:41:39,249 --> 00:41:43,086 We were contacted by Sotheby's... 551 00:41:44,588 --> 00:41:47,174 about a client they had. 552 00:41:47,674 --> 00:41:51,595 I had a meeting with Mr. Rybolovlev in his new apartment 553 00:41:51,678 --> 00:41:55,641 in one of the most prestigious buildings near Central Park. 554 00:41:55,724 --> 00:41:57,559 He wanted to talk about the Salvator Mundi. 555 00:41:58,977 --> 00:42:02,356 Sotheby's brings the painting over. 556 00:42:11,532 --> 00:42:15,619 I surprise him, I open the black case and take the painting out. 557 00:42:15,702 --> 00:42:19,831 I put it on a chair and ask him, "Is this the painting you want?" 558 00:42:24,753 --> 00:42:28,257 He is hypnotized by this painting that he loves so much. 559 00:42:36,056 --> 00:42:40,769 I ask him, "Do you want to buy it for 120 million?" He says, "Yes." 560 00:42:43,230 --> 00:42:46,942 All I had left for me to do was to finalize my purchase. 561 00:42:48,652 --> 00:42:53,365 Together with Sotheby's, we invite the owners of the painting to Paris. 562 00:42:54,575 --> 00:42:56,994 And to lead the negotiation, 563 00:42:57,077 --> 00:43:01,123 I hire a friend of mine who is a former poker player. 564 00:43:01,623 --> 00:43:07,212 Why? Because a poker player knows how to read the opponent. 565 00:43:07,296 --> 00:43:12,634 He knows how to negotiate and when to push or stop. 566 00:43:16,722 --> 00:43:19,766 Part of the agreement in the sale 567 00:43:19,850 --> 00:43:25,439 was that I'm not supposed to talk about the trip to Paris. 568 00:43:25,522 --> 00:43:30,861 We knew that the painting was up for sale and that no one wanted to buy it. 569 00:43:31,612 --> 00:43:36,617 When a dealer comes all the way to Paris to spend a romantic weekend with his wife, 570 00:43:36,700 --> 00:43:39,161 he is dead if he does not make a deal. 571 00:43:39,828 --> 00:43:43,373 He negotiated the price at $83 million. 572 00:43:44,416 --> 00:43:48,587 I can say that I was glad that it was finally over. 573 00:43:49,880 --> 00:43:54,885 It was a very trying and difficult situation. 574 00:43:55,469 --> 00:43:58,013 And I'm really glad I got back, 575 00:43:58,096 --> 00:44:02,434 and the best thing I could say about it was that it was over. 576 00:44:02,518 --> 00:44:06,188 We were paid the next day. And from that point of view, 577 00:44:06,271 --> 00:44:08,315 it was cleaned up. 578 00:44:08,398 --> 00:44:09,274 Cleaned up. 579 00:44:11,235 --> 00:44:15,239 I think they were very happy that someone bought the painting at this price. 580 00:44:17,199 --> 00:44:21,620 You are always the buyer or seller for someone, and they were professionals. 581 00:44:21,703 --> 00:44:26,041 They couldn't have regretted selling the painting. 582 00:44:28,085 --> 00:44:33,924 The same evening, I sold the painting to Mr. Rybolovlev 583 00:44:34,007 --> 00:44:38,011 through his financial advisor, Mr. Sazonov. 584 00:44:38,762 --> 00:44:42,474 Yves Bouvier is trying to convince Mike Sazonov. 585 00:44:43,308 --> 00:44:49,273 Bouvier: "Hello, Mike. The first price I got was $150 million. 586 00:44:49,356 --> 00:44:53,944 I don't want to get the price wrong and I need more time and info. 587 00:44:54,027 --> 00:44:55,654 Regards, Yves." 588 00:44:55,737 --> 00:44:59,116 What he omits to say is that he already bought it. 589 00:44:59,199 --> 00:45:05,414 The e-mail negotiation later on was in fact... 590 00:45:05,914 --> 00:45:08,876 just a business game. 591 00:45:09,835 --> 00:45:14,047 Yves: "Ninety is not an option. They don't want to lower the price. 592 00:45:14,131 --> 00:45:17,509 I got a 10% discount if we pay immediately, $135 million. 593 00:45:17,593 --> 00:45:21,013 We must close the deal tonight or we might lose it. 594 00:45:21,096 --> 00:45:23,682 Other top collectors are interested. 595 00:45:23,765 --> 00:45:27,311 It must be an important private museum. 596 00:45:29,188 --> 00:45:32,107 We need to get Rybolovlev to increase the offer." 597 00:45:35,402 --> 00:45:38,822 Sazonov: "You can go up to $135 million. 598 00:45:38,906 --> 00:45:41,408 But try to push it down. How about 120?" 599 00:45:41,491 --> 00:45:45,662 Yves: "It's a tough negotiation, but I'm fighting and taking the time I need. 600 00:45:46,580 --> 00:45:48,332 I'm now offering 120." 601 00:45:48,415 --> 00:45:50,417 Sazonov: "So you continue?" 602 00:45:50,501 --> 00:45:53,629 Yves: "Yes, but I offered 125." 603 00:45:54,296 --> 00:45:56,924 Sazonov: "Are we good?" 604 00:45:57,007 --> 00:46:01,470 Yves Bouvier: "Done at 127.5. Terribly difficult. 605 00:46:01,553 --> 00:46:06,058 But it's a very good deal for this masterpiece by Leonardo. Yves." 606 00:46:09,436 --> 00:46:15,400 That was the whole negotiation, and all of it is fake. 607 00:46:15,484 --> 00:46:18,362 I was nice because he was ready to pay $130 million. 608 00:46:18,445 --> 00:46:23,909 I gave him a discount at $127.5 million, if he would pay soon. 609 00:46:31,250 --> 00:46:35,504 Bouvier has made this really quite extraordinary markup 610 00:46:35,587 --> 00:46:39,424 of $47.5 million on a transaction 611 00:46:39,508 --> 00:46:41,218 that took him less than two days. 612 00:46:42,427 --> 00:46:46,723 It's extraordinary and quite frankly, pretty unheard of in the art world. 613 00:46:49,101 --> 00:46:51,311 That is the new part. 614 00:46:51,395 --> 00:46:52,980 New part of the free port. 615 00:46:56,608 --> 00:47:00,946 Natural Le Coultre has a lot of storage here and over there. 616 00:47:01,029 --> 00:47:04,616 And below in the basement. 617 00:47:04,700 --> 00:47:08,996 Yves Bouvier inherited a shipping business from his father. 618 00:47:10,664 --> 00:47:14,543 But Yves Bouvier realized that there was increasing demand 619 00:47:14,626 --> 00:47:17,963 for places to store high-value goods. 620 00:47:19,923 --> 00:47:25,387 So he expanded his business by creating armored warehouses 621 00:47:25,470 --> 00:47:28,682 generally within the perimeter of an airport, 622 00:47:28,765 --> 00:47:30,684 and these are free ports. 623 00:47:31,560 --> 00:47:34,271 The Geneva Freeport is supposed to hold 624 00:47:34,354 --> 00:47:38,358 literally billions of dollars' worth of art. 625 00:47:40,277 --> 00:47:41,945 My name is Doug Patteson. 626 00:47:42,029 --> 00:47:45,115 A former clandestine service officer with the CIA. 627 00:47:45,908 --> 00:47:50,746 The history of the Salvator Mundi and how it's grown in value 628 00:47:50,829 --> 00:47:56,543 is opening eyes to how money can be moving in different ways 629 00:47:57,211 --> 00:47:58,504 through the free port system. 630 00:48:00,506 --> 00:48:04,551 A free port is a tax-free haven... 631 00:48:05,552 --> 00:48:10,766 where very wealthy people will often keep items secret from tax authorities. 632 00:48:14,853 --> 00:48:18,524 So objects can be bought and sold within a free port, 633 00:48:19,107 --> 00:48:24,279 but no taxes apply because the objects are considered still in transit. 634 00:48:25,447 --> 00:48:27,991 Now we're getting to the main lobby. 635 00:48:31,161 --> 00:48:33,330 Here are the showrooms. 636 00:48:33,413 --> 00:48:38,377 A client arrives with a dealer or restorer or by himself. 637 00:48:38,460 --> 00:48:40,712 And the pieces are displayed here. 638 00:48:43,549 --> 00:48:46,510 One of the things that we've really observed recently 639 00:48:46,593 --> 00:48:52,307 is that paintings are increasingly used as collateral for loans, bank loans. 640 00:48:53,809 --> 00:48:57,312 A whole infrastructure has sprung up around this 641 00:48:57,396 --> 00:48:59,398 that allows you, the collector, 642 00:48:59,481 --> 00:49:02,067 who've put millions of dollars in your art, 643 00:49:02,150 --> 00:49:05,904 you can keep your art within the free port facility, 644 00:49:05,988 --> 00:49:11,118 get the capital you have invested in the art out of there and redeploy. 645 00:49:12,494 --> 00:49:15,998 It's not about art and love. It's about money. 646 00:49:16,081 --> 00:49:17,916 It's about transferring funds. 647 00:49:23,380 --> 00:49:28,552 There's one thing that you cannot remove from the human beings, 648 00:49:28,635 --> 00:49:30,179 is the greed. 649 00:49:32,222 --> 00:49:37,644 If you sit on valuable goods and you don't trust your own country, 650 00:49:37,728 --> 00:49:40,189 because, you know, the fiscal guys are on your back... 651 00:49:41,190 --> 00:49:47,279 why not store it in the free port and store it in a so-called whatever safe? 652 00:49:48,572 --> 00:49:51,783 That gorilla is a big smoker. 653 00:49:51,867 --> 00:49:52,993 Interesting guy. 654 00:49:56,955 --> 00:50:01,668 If taxes were reasonable, people would not have to play that game. 655 00:50:04,963 --> 00:50:08,759 You know, there is this saying that after drugs and prostitution, 656 00:50:08,842 --> 00:50:12,763 that the art market is the most unregulated market in the world. 657 00:50:12,846 --> 00:50:18,143 A very opaque world in which you very often don't know who owns something, 658 00:50:18,227 --> 00:50:22,147 how much it's worth, who's buying it or who's selling it. 659 00:50:22,231 --> 00:50:24,942 Most of the transactions are very, very dark. 660 00:50:26,026 --> 00:50:28,320 It's another avenue to store money. 661 00:50:28,946 --> 00:50:32,115 It's the last vestiges of the Wild Wild West. 662 00:50:34,743 --> 00:50:36,787 And now it's the Wild Wild East. 663 00:50:37,871 --> 00:50:43,293 Russia in the 1990s is the Wild West. 664 00:50:43,377 --> 00:50:47,673 And this is also a time where businessmen had an opportunity 665 00:50:47,756 --> 00:50:52,261 to become exorbitantly wealthy by taking ownership 666 00:50:52,344 --> 00:50:57,766 in the transitioning of bureaus that became businesses. 667 00:50:57,850 --> 00:51:02,729 So out of this comes Mr. Dmitry Rybolovlev, 668 00:51:02,813 --> 00:51:06,191 a man who becomes a billionaire literally overnight 669 00:51:06,275 --> 00:51:11,154 when he floats this potash company on the London Stock Exchange. 670 00:51:13,991 --> 00:51:19,329 In autumn 2008, he had a problem with his mine Uralkali. 671 00:51:19,413 --> 00:51:20,747 It collapsed. 672 00:51:21,540 --> 00:51:26,128 The media called it the biggest ecological disaster since Chernobyl 673 00:51:26,211 --> 00:51:27,421 in the Eastern Bloc. 674 00:51:28,297 --> 00:51:33,218 What you had was someone who needed to get money out of Russia, 675 00:51:33,302 --> 00:51:36,889 and he found someone who was quiet, discreet, 676 00:51:36,972 --> 00:51:39,474 and who he felt he could trust with his life. 677 00:51:41,351 --> 00:51:45,522 His main goal was to convert money sitting in the bank 678 00:51:45,606 --> 00:51:48,525 into mobile assets. 679 00:51:49,318 --> 00:51:53,322 He always said, "If I have a problem, I can take them with me on my plane." 680 00:51:56,533 --> 00:52:00,746 The Russian on the run and the quiet Swiss man, 681 00:52:00,829 --> 00:52:06,126 they forge this alliance around the acquisition of art. 682 00:52:09,004 --> 00:52:15,385 This is a book about the collection presenting the 38 pieces. 683 00:52:15,969 --> 00:52:18,722 These artworks can't be found on the market. 684 00:52:20,557 --> 00:52:23,393 Yves Bouvier had built a network 685 00:52:23,477 --> 00:52:26,396 allowing him to get all kinds of information 686 00:52:26,480 --> 00:52:30,484 on who owned the paintings, what was its real value. 687 00:52:32,361 --> 00:52:36,698 And that was priceless in order to conduct his business. 688 00:52:38,033 --> 00:52:42,412 He was the king because he was in possession of information 689 00:52:42,496 --> 00:52:43,789 that no one else had. 690 00:52:47,876 --> 00:52:52,673 Yves Bouvier sold 37 paintings to Rybolovlev. 691 00:52:52,756 --> 00:52:58,971 And we believe that he pocketed 50% on those transactions. 692 00:53:02,432 --> 00:53:04,059 He made a billion dollars' profit. 693 00:53:05,352 --> 00:53:06,395 That's a good dealer. 694 00:53:07,771 --> 00:53:11,275 Yeah, it's good business. 695 00:53:13,443 --> 00:53:14,778 The sun is shining over Geneva. 696 00:53:17,197 --> 00:53:20,659 It's safer to buy a painting than a piece of real estate 697 00:53:20,742 --> 00:53:23,996 because a piece of real estate you can always seize it to jump on it. 698 00:53:24,079 --> 00:53:27,666 A painting is buried somewhere in a free port around the world. 699 00:53:27,749 --> 00:53:30,878 Nobody knows where it is. Look at the Salvator Mundi. 700 00:53:36,758 --> 00:53:38,760 Right now, I don't know where it is. 701 00:53:38,844 --> 00:53:42,931 I am so anxious for it 702 00:53:43,015 --> 00:53:45,851 to finally find a home 703 00:53:45,934 --> 00:53:49,980 where people can experience the extraordinary power of this painting. 704 00:53:51,398 --> 00:53:54,234 Art, to me, is the only truth, really. 705 00:53:55,611 --> 00:53:59,531 And it's really a way of living life, to communicate with people. 706 00:54:00,949 --> 00:54:03,243 Art doesn't exist in a vacuum. 707 00:54:03,327 --> 00:54:06,830 If it's existing in these great warehouses that are free ports 708 00:54:06,914 --> 00:54:09,124 as a kind of financial asset... 709 00:54:09,958 --> 00:54:15,631 it would be a shame because it's something that could be seen by people. 710 00:54:15,714 --> 00:54:17,966 It could have an effect on people. 711 00:54:20,928 --> 00:54:23,514 The whole world is trying to... 712 00:54:23,597 --> 00:54:26,600 Is discussing, "Where the hell is that painting?" 713 00:54:26,683 --> 00:54:28,227 Nobody knows where it is. 714 00:54:30,312 --> 00:54:33,273 The buyer doesn't have to tell where he puts his painting. 715 00:54:33,357 --> 00:54:35,609 They do whatever they want with their money. 716 00:54:35,692 --> 00:54:36,610 Who cares? 717 00:54:37,361 --> 00:54:39,571 Only the press, the bad press, 718 00:54:40,447 --> 00:54:42,282 and the people who are curious 719 00:54:42,366 --> 00:54:45,786 are caring about something that doesn't even concern them. 720 00:54:49,748 --> 00:54:55,963 2014 was really the beginning of the end for Bouvier and Rybolovlev. 721 00:54:58,048 --> 00:55:04,763 An article was published that indicated the price of the final sale, 722 00:55:04,847 --> 00:55:09,601 which, of course, was different than what Rybolovlev had paid. 723 00:55:13,814 --> 00:55:15,023 It's common sense. 724 00:55:15,107 --> 00:55:19,653 You buy low and sell high. It's the principle of commerce. 725 00:55:22,823 --> 00:55:26,368 People don't understand and say, "Mr. Bouvier is a cheater." 726 00:55:27,202 --> 00:55:29,621 But Mr. Bouvier is a businessman like any other. 727 00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:39,214 So once Mr. R. found out, he was pretty pissed off. 728 00:55:41,884 --> 00:55:44,887 And that really sparked the actions 729 00:55:44,970 --> 00:55:48,140 that were taken against Bouvier that moved quite quickly after that. 730 00:55:51,018 --> 00:55:54,229 Mr. R. couldn't look at any of his art collection the same. 731 00:55:54,730 --> 00:55:56,773 Every time he looked at a painting, 732 00:55:56,857 --> 00:55:59,693 if it was the greatest masterpiece ever painted, 733 00:55:59,776 --> 00:56:04,198 all he saw was the fact that he was abused and taken advantage of 734 00:56:04,281 --> 00:56:07,576 by Mr. Bouvier, who was now the world's richest free port owner. 735 00:56:14,625 --> 00:56:19,129 The last conversation took place on November 22, 2014. 736 00:56:19,213 --> 00:56:23,091 Rybolovlev and his lawyer told me, 737 00:56:23,175 --> 00:56:26,887 "Yves, I made you a fortune. Now it's your turn to save mine. 738 00:56:28,514 --> 00:56:32,184 I want you to sell all the paintings at the purchase price." 739 00:56:32,976 --> 00:56:36,438 It was November 22, and he wanted it done by Christmas. 740 00:56:36,522 --> 00:56:41,151 "If you don't, you will have problems." 741 00:56:45,280 --> 00:56:49,826 When a powerful oligarch threatens you with problems if you don't sell, 742 00:56:49,910 --> 00:56:53,539 you get worried, actually, very worried. 743 00:56:54,456 --> 00:56:58,043 And it's impossible to sell a collection like this in such a short time. 744 00:56:58,752 --> 00:57:01,547 So Bouvier told him, "No." 745 00:57:10,514 --> 00:57:13,892 His markup was 100%. That's not a crime, it's greedy. 746 00:57:15,269 --> 00:57:18,355 What he was trying to do to screw Bouvier 747 00:57:18,438 --> 00:57:20,357 was to destroy his reputation, 748 00:57:20,440 --> 00:57:23,402 to sue him in every courthouse that would entertain the suit. 749 00:57:28,198 --> 00:57:33,078 Rybolovlev contacted all the banks, all the auction houses. 750 00:57:33,161 --> 00:57:34,955 So I'm blacklisted by the auction houses. 751 00:57:35,873 --> 00:57:39,168 I was on the front page of every newspaper. 752 00:57:39,251 --> 00:57:41,003 I was discredited. 753 00:57:43,380 --> 00:57:47,759 My credit lines were canceled by the banks. All my insurance was canceled. 754 00:57:54,850 --> 00:57:58,145 Trust is very important in our profession. 755 00:57:58,228 --> 00:58:03,734 People tell me, "As long as the legal procedures with Mr. Rybolovlev continue, 756 00:58:03,817 --> 00:58:05,360 we're not doing business with you." 757 00:58:05,986 --> 00:58:07,988 Today, I have lost everything. 758 00:58:10,949 --> 00:58:13,785 He is really very angry, like a Russian bear 759 00:58:13,869 --> 00:58:16,038 that somebody had stuck something into. 760 00:58:16,121 --> 00:58:17,623 He was furious! 761 00:58:19,625 --> 00:58:22,878 What he wanted to do was dump all of his art 762 00:58:22,961 --> 00:58:27,257 that were great, fantastic pieces, but he radically overpaid for them. 763 00:58:27,341 --> 00:58:31,053 So what he was fully expecting to do was to lose money. 764 00:58:33,222 --> 00:58:38,810 People think of auction houses as sort of a passive repository of objects 765 00:58:38,894 --> 00:58:43,357 to sell on behalf of collectors who decide it's time to sell. 766 00:58:43,941 --> 00:58:48,070 Most of the actual high-end objects they sell 767 00:58:48,153 --> 00:58:50,572 don't actually come to market in that way. 768 00:58:51,490 --> 00:58:52,699 Sold. 769 00:58:53,909 --> 00:58:55,619 They are actually out there. 770 00:58:55,702 --> 00:58:58,539 Their specialists are in the living room of collectors 771 00:58:58,622 --> 00:59:02,751 and telling them it's the right time to sell this work... 772 00:59:02,835 --> 00:59:05,462 Seventy-one, 72... 773 00:59:05,546 --> 00:59:07,464 ...it's a hot market for this work, 774 00:59:07,548 --> 00:59:10,551 and they're trying to actually pull in those objects. 775 00:59:11,218 --> 00:59:15,097 Thank you, all of you, for one million six. To you, sir. 776 00:59:16,014 --> 00:59:20,143 If they've got the best art for sale, they'll find the buyers. 777 00:59:20,227 --> 00:59:24,982 So the competition is at the level of getting the consignments. 778 00:59:25,065 --> 00:59:26,984 You have it. What's your number? 779 00:59:28,068 --> 00:59:33,699 The guy at the auctioneer is always European with a vague accent. 780 00:59:33,782 --> 00:59:36,493 "Do I have 2 million? 781 00:59:37,119 --> 00:59:41,039 Oh, John, I saw you bid 3 million before. 782 00:59:41,123 --> 00:59:43,959 Oh, wait. I say! 783 00:59:44,042 --> 00:59:46,753 We have 5 million." 784 00:59:46,837 --> 00:59:49,131 Sold. Thank you very much indeed. 785 00:59:51,675 --> 00:59:53,135 So once Rybolovlev, 786 00:59:53,218 --> 00:59:56,722 when he does start selling, he sells them through Christie's. 787 00:59:56,805 --> 00:59:59,641 And, of course, that is where Salvator Mundi ends up. 788 01:00:04,646 --> 01:00:07,566 Nothing was wrong with his art, except for the da Vinci. 789 01:00:07,649 --> 01:00:10,944 All of the other pieces in his collection were fantastic pieces. 790 01:00:11,028 --> 01:00:15,240 This was the one black swan in his collection that had questions around it. 791 01:00:15,324 --> 01:00:18,327 But there is a massive billion-dollar collection behind it 792 01:00:18,410 --> 01:00:22,080 that could be potential future business for the auction house. 793 01:00:24,082 --> 01:00:26,960 So Christie's had to keep their client happy. 794 01:00:28,879 --> 01:00:31,048 They went all-in on this picture. 795 01:00:33,926 --> 01:00:38,388 The term "male Mona Lisa" is used for this object. 796 01:00:38,472 --> 01:00:42,351 The Mona Lisa is insured for over $800 million. 797 01:00:42,434 --> 01:00:47,314 So I think calling it the male Mona Lisa makes sense as a marketer. 798 01:00:48,565 --> 01:00:52,444 On a financial front, it helps to explain the value. 799 01:00:52,528 --> 01:00:58,325 The Mona Lisa, in the early 20th century, was of secondary importance... 800 01:00:59,701 --> 01:01:04,498 until 1961, when John F. Kennedy 801 01:01:04,581 --> 01:01:08,627 makes his way to the Vienna summit and makes a stop off in Paris. 802 01:01:10,254 --> 01:01:15,884 And their culture minister, André Malraux, is completely entranced by Jacqueline. 803 01:01:15,968 --> 01:01:19,304 Jackie whispers in his ear at one of the evening events 804 01:01:19,388 --> 01:01:22,808 that, "I'd love for you to take the Mona Lisa to the United States 805 01:01:22,891 --> 01:01:26,645 so we could show our population this cultural masterpiece." 806 01:01:27,479 --> 01:01:32,860 Mr. Minister, we in the United States are grateful for this loan... 807 01:01:34,027 --> 01:01:37,573 from the leading artistic power in the world, France. 808 01:01:37,656 --> 01:01:40,367 And lines go down the block. 809 01:01:40,450 --> 01:01:42,744 Most of the people that were coming to see it 810 01:01:42,828 --> 01:01:45,289 were not coming to see the painting. 811 01:01:45,372 --> 01:01:49,793 They were coming to have seen the picture, to say they saw the celebrity. 812 01:01:51,378 --> 01:01:55,257 Christie's understood they had to accomplish the same thing, 813 01:01:55,340 --> 01:01:57,718 where this is the male Mona Lisa, 814 01:01:57,801 --> 01:02:03,056 we need to convince the potential buyer that you're now buying a global celebrity 815 01:02:03,140 --> 01:02:06,977 that will play into the power and prestige of your acquisition. 816 01:02:10,314 --> 01:02:13,483 Their primary marketing video was brilliant in a way 817 01:02:13,567 --> 01:02:16,653 because it never actually showed the object. 818 01:02:16,737 --> 01:02:20,699 What they show instead is a series of people 819 01:02:20,782 --> 01:02:25,037 going up to the object and having an emotional reaction to it. 820 01:02:26,455 --> 01:02:29,499 They even had Leonardo DiCaprio. 821 01:02:32,669 --> 01:02:37,674 They realized that they needed to show whatever collector bought this thing, 822 01:02:37,758 --> 01:02:40,427 there was a mass following 823 01:02:40,511 --> 01:02:43,972 and that people were buying into this celebrity. 824 01:02:45,891 --> 01:02:50,270 Christie's released a ton of marketing 825 01:02:50,354 --> 01:02:52,689 that generated traffic, generated hype. 826 01:02:52,773 --> 01:02:57,444 It brought the Salvator Mundi into the mind's eye 827 01:02:57,528 --> 01:03:00,489 of so many people very quickly. 828 01:03:03,867 --> 01:03:08,830 This is some kind of an homage to an artist, the first viral artist, 829 01:03:08,914 --> 01:03:13,043 who was the first real image maker, who's... 830 01:03:13,126 --> 01:03:16,547 you know, who would have images that would go all around the world 831 01:03:16,630 --> 01:03:18,006 and be recognized by anyone. 832 01:03:21,051 --> 01:03:23,095 Christie's is in the business of selling. 833 01:03:23,178 --> 01:03:26,223 It's not in the business of authenticating. 834 01:03:26,306 --> 01:03:28,559 And they did a great job 835 01:03:28,642 --> 01:03:32,187 on the back of that amazing marketing campaign, 836 01:03:32,271 --> 01:03:36,817 which everybody, without hesitation, gives plaudits to 837 01:03:36,900 --> 01:03:39,444 as a sort of cynical marketing exercise. 838 01:03:39,528 --> 01:03:41,655 Any serious questions about its authenticity? 839 01:03:41,738 --> 01:03:42,990 None, really. 840 01:03:43,073 --> 01:03:45,284 It was, as I said, almost completely overpainted. 841 01:03:45,367 --> 01:03:48,662 But once that was removed, after its rediscovery... 842 01:03:48,745 --> 01:03:52,249 ...the quality of it became very evident, 843 01:03:52,332 --> 01:03:55,169 and, really, there hasn't been any real question. 844 01:03:55,252 --> 01:03:57,129 Why is it called the male Mona Lisa? 845 01:03:57,212 --> 01:03:59,756 Well, it's painted around the same time as Mona Lisa. 846 01:03:59,840 --> 01:04:01,675 It's painted around 1500. 847 01:04:01,758 --> 01:04:05,304 And this and the painting of Mona Lisa probably overlap. 848 01:04:07,431 --> 01:04:11,226 The Salvator Mundi global tour took on a life of its own, 849 01:04:11,310 --> 01:04:15,731 to London, to Hong Kong, where there may be clusters of potential buyers. 850 01:04:15,814 --> 01:04:18,567 I was very opposed to them doing that. 851 01:04:18,650 --> 01:04:19,860 It was reckless... 852 01:04:20,944 --> 01:04:24,323 to send it around the world that way. But they-- 853 01:04:25,324 --> 01:04:26,909 I couldn't stop them from doing it. 854 01:04:26,992 --> 01:04:28,577 Christie's is mercenaries. 855 01:04:28,660 --> 01:04:31,788 That's a business. You expect that behavior from them, 856 01:04:31,872 --> 01:04:34,917 and if you're a client of Christie's, you want them to do anything 857 01:04:35,000 --> 01:04:39,213 as ruthlessly as possible to get you the greatest price for your asset. 858 01:04:41,924 --> 01:04:45,636 In the time I've been at this, I never remember a picture 859 01:04:45,719 --> 01:04:48,138 becoming sort of a pop culture icon 860 01:04:48,222 --> 01:04:50,933 where lines were literally around the corner. 861 01:04:51,016 --> 01:04:53,769 This was a cultural event in its own right. 862 01:04:54,311 --> 01:04:58,649 By the time it came here to New York, everyone wanted a piece of it. 863 01:05:01,276 --> 01:05:06,114 So Christie's, their tag line is "the last Leonardo." 864 01:05:06,615 --> 01:05:09,159 Normally, what you'd do with an Old Master 865 01:05:09,243 --> 01:05:11,787 is you'd talk about the provenance, its composition. 866 01:05:11,870 --> 01:05:14,164 None of that was required here. 867 01:05:14,248 --> 01:05:17,876 They knew they were gonna be appealing to a subset of the collector base 868 01:05:17,960 --> 01:05:20,295 that was thinking about power and legacy. 869 01:05:21,296 --> 01:05:24,508 "Hey, Mr. Billionaire, this is your last chance to acquire 870 01:05:24,591 --> 01:05:27,344 the greatest artist of Western civilization." 871 01:05:27,427 --> 01:05:29,054 You have to know your audience 872 01:05:29,137 --> 01:05:32,182 because it was a trophy to end all trophies. 873 01:05:32,266 --> 01:05:38,230 It is a work... that's very subject is power. 874 01:05:40,774 --> 01:05:43,735 The morning of the sale, I woke up at 6 a.m. 875 01:05:43,819 --> 01:05:49,116 and had a car fetch me and took me to CNBC's headquarters in Midtown. 876 01:05:49,741 --> 01:05:53,245 The last privately owned Leonardo da Vinci painting is going to auction... 877 01:05:53,328 --> 01:05:56,665 You know, there was so much interest from the financial world. 878 01:05:56,748 --> 01:05:58,584 What would this thing actually make? 879 01:05:59,459 --> 01:06:01,628 -Who are those bidders? -It's a good question. 880 01:06:01,712 --> 01:06:05,299 I think the bidders are gonna be a contemporary collector, 881 01:06:05,382 --> 01:06:09,511 a trophy hunter, a private equity executive, a hedge fund individual, 882 01:06:09,595 --> 01:06:13,473 or a syndicate from the Middle East, Chinese wealthy. 883 01:06:13,557 --> 01:06:16,351 This is a global trophy, and we'll see where it goes. 884 01:06:16,435 --> 01:06:20,814 I think it has a fighting chance to make 180 million or more. 885 01:06:21,315 --> 01:06:22,649 And that 180 would have made it 886 01:06:22,733 --> 01:06:26,445 the most expensive painting ever sold in the history of the art world. 887 01:06:30,574 --> 01:06:32,951 Welcome to Rockefeller Center here in New York. 888 01:06:33,035 --> 01:06:36,079 You had a completely packed room. 889 01:06:36,163 --> 01:06:41,043 They had to bring in extra chairs, people were pushed to every corner, 890 01:06:41,126 --> 01:06:44,087 corralled there to try and take in the action. 891 01:06:45,589 --> 01:06:46,632 Ladies and gentlemen, 892 01:06:46,715 --> 01:06:49,801 we move to the Leonardo da Vinci, the Salvator Mundi. 893 01:06:52,387 --> 01:06:54,806 Previously in the collections of three kings of England. 894 01:06:55,599 --> 01:06:57,768 Going over here to take 125. 895 01:06:57,851 --> 01:06:59,561 Last chance, 125 then. 896 01:06:59,645 --> 01:07:01,480 130? 130 with... 897 01:07:04,441 --> 01:07:06,276 At 150 million. 898 01:07:06,985 --> 01:07:09,655 At 180 million... 899 01:07:10,739 --> 01:07:12,574 phones started to go up. 900 01:07:13,200 --> 01:07:15,619 At 180 million, ladies and gentlemen. 901 01:07:17,287 --> 01:07:21,333 Because that was the most valuable price ever achieved at auction, 902 01:07:21,416 --> 01:07:23,919 and you could hear an audible gasp 903 01:07:24,002 --> 01:07:27,339 as everyone was sort of waiting for that final hammer to come down. 904 01:07:29,299 --> 01:07:32,427 Give me 200, 190 is bid. Who--? 905 01:07:32,511 --> 01:07:35,472 200 million is bid. At 200 million. 906 01:07:35,556 --> 01:07:37,432 There it is at 205. 907 01:07:38,475 --> 01:07:44,273 It was hard to tell how much of the loss of composure was genuine 908 01:07:44,356 --> 01:07:47,276 and how much of it was for the crowd. 909 01:07:48,360 --> 01:07:51,780 At one point, he even has the hammer held in the air. 910 01:07:51,864 --> 01:07:55,158 There is a certain courtesy about how long you wait 911 01:07:55,242 --> 01:07:57,452 for someone to decide if they're gonna make the bid. 912 01:07:57,536 --> 01:08:00,497 In the weeks leading up to the auction, 913 01:08:00,581 --> 01:08:03,292 the team at Christie's are receiving calls 914 01:08:03,375 --> 01:08:05,085 from some of the world's richest people. 915 01:08:05,169 --> 01:08:07,087 At the very end of this list 916 01:08:07,171 --> 01:08:10,632 is this one bidder that they've never heard of before. 917 01:08:10,716 --> 01:08:12,759 They needed to make sure he was a real bidder. 918 01:08:12,843 --> 01:08:15,345 So they told him and his team, 919 01:08:15,429 --> 01:08:18,348 "Listen, if you want to be a bidder in this auction, 920 01:08:18,432 --> 01:08:21,100 you're gonna have to transfer 10% 921 01:08:21,185 --> 01:08:24,188 of what is the maximum amount you would be willing to pay." 922 01:08:24,270 --> 01:08:26,564 The next morning, the accounting department came over 923 01:08:26,648 --> 01:08:28,734 and said, "You won't believe this, 924 01:08:28,817 --> 01:08:32,863 but that guy just transferred $100 million into our account overnight." 925 01:08:34,363 --> 01:08:38,743 Oftentimes, there is a predetermined price of sorts. 926 01:08:38,827 --> 01:08:42,747 Very few people, or sometimes only one person, 927 01:08:42,831 --> 01:08:45,334 knows what that final amount will be. 928 01:08:46,710 --> 01:08:51,089 220 is bid, a casual hand goes up at 220 million. 929 01:08:54,635 --> 01:08:56,845 Are you all done here, sir? Are you out? 930 01:08:59,348 --> 01:09:00,765 240 million? 931 01:09:02,225 --> 01:09:03,393 So we're all done? 932 01:09:04,728 --> 01:09:05,604 Maybe not. 933 01:09:08,148 --> 01:09:10,024 Don't take the photograph quite yet. 934 01:09:16,323 --> 01:09:18,116 Still two of you in the game here. 935 01:09:18,908 --> 01:09:22,746 It became clear that, okay, we're in a duel. 936 01:09:22,828 --> 01:09:27,292 On one telephone, you had someone who wanted to be completely incremental, 937 01:09:27,376 --> 01:09:29,294 that was playing with his own money. 938 01:09:29,377 --> 01:09:32,673 And then you had someone who was using house money. 939 01:09:32,756 --> 01:09:36,134 And that house money was probably not an individual, 940 01:09:36,218 --> 01:09:39,054 but maybe, maybe even a country. 941 01:09:40,055 --> 01:09:41,180 I thought so. 942 01:09:42,474 --> 01:09:43,642 300 million. 943 01:09:53,402 --> 01:09:54,528 300 million. 944 01:09:55,237 --> 01:09:57,948 Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci. 945 01:09:59,491 --> 01:10:01,618 320 million, we're still not done. 946 01:10:01,702 --> 01:10:03,996 At 330 million now. 947 01:10:04,496 --> 01:10:08,292 At 332 million. 948 01:10:09,042 --> 01:10:10,377 Back to Francois. 949 01:10:10,460 --> 01:10:11,670 Three-fifty. 950 01:10:16,967 --> 01:10:18,635 350? Okay. 951 01:10:21,847 --> 01:10:25,475 At 350 million for Leonardo's Salvator Mundi. 952 01:10:25,559 --> 01:10:27,811 -400. -400 million! 953 01:10:37,988 --> 01:10:40,240 Salvator Mundi selling here at Christie's. 954 01:10:40,324 --> 01:10:45,579 $400 million is the bid, and the piece is... sold. 955 01:10:55,714 --> 01:10:57,758 The art world is stunned, they are shocked, 956 01:10:57,841 --> 01:10:59,426 they can't believe it this morning 957 01:10:59,510 --> 01:11:02,221 after the astonishing record-breaking sale of a rare masterpiece. 958 01:11:05,682 --> 01:11:08,560 Who paid 450 million? 959 01:11:10,354 --> 01:11:13,607 Probably a billionaire that bought it. Your response to me was, "Well, duh!" 960 01:11:15,359 --> 01:11:18,529 It's a very anonymous world, 961 01:11:19,488 --> 01:11:21,740 and people aren't always quick to say, "It's me. 962 01:11:21,823 --> 01:11:24,409 I spent all this money, I have all this money. 963 01:11:24,493 --> 01:11:26,453 Come to my house, take whatever you want." 964 01:11:26,537 --> 01:11:28,956 You know, there's privacy because there's fear 965 01:11:29,039 --> 01:11:31,834 around showing your wealth to that degree. 966 01:11:31,917 --> 01:11:36,797 We'll not comment on the identity and the geography of the buyer. 967 01:11:37,339 --> 01:11:41,093 Even if it's decided months, years, decades later 968 01:11:41,176 --> 01:11:43,679 that it's not really by Leonardo da Vinci, 969 01:11:44,471 --> 01:11:48,141 those $450 million will live out in eternity 970 01:11:48,225 --> 01:11:51,979 as a value put upon this work of art. 971 01:12:00,362 --> 01:12:03,866 This director of Metropolitan Museum of Art 972 01:12:03,949 --> 01:12:07,411 wrote on his Instagram page after the sale: 973 01:12:08,662 --> 01:12:13,292 "Watch out, 85% of the painting is by Dianne Modestini." 974 01:12:14,710 --> 01:12:18,922 And that then was picked up by... 975 01:12:19,798 --> 01:12:23,093 a whole lot of people who didn't know anything. 976 01:12:23,177 --> 01:12:27,014 There were people of all walks, museum curators, 977 01:12:27,097 --> 01:12:29,600 art historians and regular people, just chiming in. 978 01:12:29,683 --> 01:12:34,229 People who had never had any weight, or interest even, 979 01:12:34,313 --> 01:12:39,109 were suddenly decrying this image as false and a fraud. 980 01:12:39,193 --> 01:12:42,196 Then all these, you know, Internet trolls started saying, 981 01:12:42,279 --> 01:12:45,157 "Oh, that's because it's not really by Leonardo, 982 01:12:45,240 --> 01:12:47,284 and nobody accepts the attribution." 983 01:12:48,202 --> 01:12:54,124 This is just for self-publicity and to create a scandal, 984 01:12:54,208 --> 01:12:57,127 and nobody really cares what the truth is. 985 01:12:57,836 --> 01:13:00,797 One of the people that spoke most vocally 986 01:13:00,881 --> 01:13:05,052 about the Salvator Mundi being fake was Jerry Saltz. 987 01:13:05,135 --> 01:13:11,892 I've been looking at art for 40 years, and this is a made-up piece of junk. 988 01:13:11,975 --> 01:13:13,519 Real. 989 01:13:14,144 --> 01:13:15,145 In drag. 990 01:13:22,152 --> 01:13:27,491 The Salvator Mundi, it is no more real 991 01:13:28,367 --> 01:13:34,414 than any of the other dreamed-up scams and schemes 992 01:13:34,498 --> 01:13:40,879 by people that may not mean to be flimflamming... 993 01:13:43,465 --> 01:13:47,511 but in the end, they all went along for the ride. 994 01:13:48,971 --> 01:13:52,015 Which is the lesson of our time. 995 01:13:52,641 --> 01:13:55,143 I go along with the lie, 996 01:13:55,227 --> 01:13:58,939 I don't say anything because I don't want to be kicked off 997 01:13:59,022 --> 01:14:03,026 the island of love, of power, 998 01:14:03,110 --> 01:14:05,904 of money, of influence. 999 01:14:05,988 --> 01:14:08,490 So you have museum people, 1000 01:14:09,032 --> 01:14:14,329 you have collectors, curators, art historians. 1001 01:14:15,163 --> 01:14:19,710 Of course, the auction houses who make a big deal about everything. 1002 01:14:19,793 --> 01:14:23,714 "Oh, it's our dream painting." Always pushing. 1003 01:14:23,797 --> 01:14:26,341 Everybody was complicit 1004 01:14:26,425 --> 01:14:30,470 in dreaming up this beautiful dream 1005 01:14:30,554 --> 01:14:33,891 of a lost Leonardo da Vinci. 1006 01:14:40,647 --> 01:14:44,526 People can get lots of media attention 1007 01:14:44,610 --> 01:14:48,614 by saying something outrageous about this painting. 1008 01:14:57,664 --> 01:15:01,710 Anyway, so I'm just kind of trying to make a case for myself. 1009 01:15:06,048 --> 01:15:10,385 I have continued to study the Salvator Mundi. 1010 01:15:11,094 --> 01:15:16,225 I went to Naples to look at a copy of the Salvator Mundi. 1011 01:15:33,825 --> 01:15:38,664 I've tried to explain some of the questions about the painting. 1012 01:15:47,589 --> 01:15:52,511 There is all this documentation, so I put everything up on a website. 1013 01:15:53,929 --> 01:15:58,642 And I want to give anyone who is interested 1014 01:15:58,725 --> 01:16:01,854 all the information that I have 1015 01:16:01,937 --> 01:16:06,483 so that they can make up their own mind. 1016 01:16:08,777 --> 01:16:11,113 After this, I will have my life back. 1017 01:16:11,196 --> 01:16:13,740 Because everything I know, 1018 01:16:13,824 --> 01:16:17,494 or probably ever will know, about this painting 1019 01:16:17,578 --> 01:16:19,121 is on this website. 1020 01:16:20,956 --> 01:16:22,624 Let's hear it for Salvator Mundi. 1021 01:16:26,461 --> 01:16:29,464 Do you feel that you have to defend yourself in your work? 1022 01:16:29,548 --> 01:16:30,382 No. 1023 01:16:31,884 --> 01:16:32,801 No, I don't. 1024 01:16:43,604 --> 01:16:47,024 A $450 million purchase price, 1025 01:16:47,107 --> 01:16:49,276 and nobody knows who's buying it? 1026 01:16:49,359 --> 01:16:53,155 The intelligence community is absolutely gonna want to understand 1027 01:16:53,238 --> 01:16:55,949 where did the funds come from, where are they going. 1028 01:16:56,033 --> 01:16:57,659 It's very difficult to check auctions. 1029 01:16:57,743 --> 01:16:59,870 The reason for that is because of the opaqueness. 1030 01:17:01,538 --> 01:17:03,457 Is there money laundering taking place? 1031 01:17:03,540 --> 01:17:06,877 Is there a shifting of assets to support terrorists? 1032 01:17:06,960 --> 01:17:08,420 Is it state money? 1033 01:17:10,797 --> 01:17:15,135 That anyone would pay that kind of money for a piece that had questions about it 1034 01:17:15,219 --> 01:17:16,595 is very strange. 1035 01:17:18,347 --> 01:17:21,517 The intelligence community knew very quickly 1036 01:17:21,600 --> 01:17:24,436 who had bought it and how they'd bought it, 1037 01:17:25,062 --> 01:17:28,023 and chooses to release that information. 1038 01:17:32,528 --> 01:17:37,324 Around the end of 2017, I'm based in London. 1039 01:17:37,407 --> 01:17:39,618 An old contact of mine from the Middle East 1040 01:17:39,701 --> 01:17:41,828 gets in touch and wants to meet. 1041 01:17:41,912 --> 01:17:46,542 He refuses to tell me why we're meeting, 1042 01:17:46,625 --> 01:17:48,585 but when we sit down together, 1043 01:17:48,669 --> 01:17:51,839 he shows me some rather extraordinary documents. 1044 01:17:52,631 --> 01:17:58,011 And these documents are the details of the arrangements for the sale 1045 01:17:58,095 --> 01:18:01,265 between the Christie's auction house and the buyer. 1046 01:18:01,348 --> 01:18:05,811 Reports suggest that the Saudi Arabia's crown prince is the mysterious buyer 1047 01:18:05,894 --> 01:18:08,939 of a rare Leonardo da Vinci painting. 1048 01:18:12,067 --> 01:18:15,445 Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who has recently become 1049 01:18:15,529 --> 01:18:18,031 the effective ruler of Saudi Arabia. 1050 01:18:19,533 --> 01:18:23,453 What was so extraordinary about this purchase 1051 01:18:23,537 --> 01:18:26,832 is that Prince Mohammed bin Salman had made this splurge 1052 01:18:26,915 --> 01:18:32,212 at the same time that he was cracking down on the Saudi elite, 1053 01:18:32,296 --> 01:18:34,506 including many of his own royal cousins. 1054 01:18:36,800 --> 01:18:39,636 He had imprisoned many of them in the Ritz Carlton, 1055 01:18:39,720 --> 01:18:42,931 forcing them to try to turn over hundreds of millions of dollars 1056 01:18:43,015 --> 01:18:46,685 that he said had been stolen from the Saudi government that he wanted back. 1057 01:18:46,768 --> 01:18:48,770 His family, by the way, is the Saudi government. 1058 01:18:52,649 --> 01:18:58,447 Right around the same time, he had spent half a billion dollars on a yacht, 1059 01:18:58,530 --> 01:19:03,243 and a short time later, $300 million on a French château. 1060 01:19:07,456 --> 01:19:10,626 And then there's one more wrinkle, which is the content of this work. 1061 01:19:12,169 --> 01:19:15,881 Most Islamic scholars, including the ones that are dominant 1062 01:19:15,964 --> 01:19:18,050 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1063 01:19:18,133 --> 01:19:24,014 believe that Islam forbids the depiction in art of any of the prophets. 1064 01:19:24,097 --> 01:19:26,892 So it's a sacrilegious painting. 1065 01:19:28,936 --> 01:19:33,106 And Saudi Arabia has never yet publicly acknowledged 1066 01:19:33,190 --> 01:19:37,903 that he or the government of Saudi Arabia is the owner of that work of art. 1067 01:19:37,986 --> 01:19:41,031 Have you been able to obtain any information about 1068 01:19:41,114 --> 01:19:44,243 when and where this piece of art will be revealed? 1069 01:19:44,326 --> 01:19:47,788 No. No one knows. It remains a complete mystery. 1070 01:19:50,624 --> 01:19:55,003 I had unequivocal confirmation that the painting was on the boat. 1071 01:19:59,007 --> 01:20:03,720 I got this story and, like, all of a sudden it was in one newspaper, 1072 01:20:03,804 --> 01:20:05,556 then it was in another newspaper, 1073 01:20:05,639 --> 01:20:09,685 then it was translated into one, two, three, four languages. 1074 01:20:09,768 --> 01:20:12,312 CNN is on the phone. TIME magazine is on the phone. 1075 01:20:12,396 --> 01:20:14,857 I didn't think it would strike an international nerve 1076 01:20:14,940 --> 01:20:19,111 and become the most read article I've written in my entire life, 30 years. 1077 01:20:20,612 --> 01:20:21,572 The Art Newspaper, 1078 01:20:21,655 --> 01:20:24,741 after I wrote the article disclosing where the painting was, 1079 01:20:24,825 --> 01:20:27,202 they literally tracked the boat to the Netherlands 1080 01:20:27,286 --> 01:20:30,789 and it was just a few-hour drive from the Louvre. 1081 01:20:35,544 --> 01:20:38,839 And now to the blockbuster exhibition of the year, 1082 01:20:38,922 --> 01:20:43,218 perhaps of many years, a celebration of Leonardo da Vinci, 1083 01:20:43,302 --> 01:20:45,345 500 years after his death. 1084 01:20:50,893 --> 01:20:56,899 The Louvre Museum is organizing a big retrospective of his works. 1085 01:20:56,982 --> 01:20:59,735 It is absolutely unique. 1086 01:21:01,236 --> 01:21:04,656 This is the 500th anniversary of Leonardo's death. 1087 01:21:04,740 --> 01:21:06,491 This is the big show. 1088 01:21:07,409 --> 01:21:10,370 There is huge expectation that if it does turn up, 1089 01:21:10,454 --> 01:21:16,001 the curator, Vincent Delieuvin, will have a chance to nail the attribution. 1090 01:21:16,793 --> 01:21:19,838 Are you still hoping to show the Salvator Mundi? 1091 01:21:19,922 --> 01:21:24,510 I confirm that the Louvre asked to loan the painting 1092 01:21:24,593 --> 01:21:26,678 and we hope to show it at the exhibition. 1093 01:21:26,762 --> 01:21:28,096 Who did you ask for the loan? 1094 01:21:29,306 --> 01:21:32,643 Officially, we don't know who owns it. 1095 01:21:32,726 --> 01:21:36,313 People say it belongs to MBS, the crown prince of Saudi Arabia. 1096 01:21:36,939 --> 01:21:40,234 Everybody's really talking about the Salvator Mundi. 1097 01:21:40,317 --> 01:21:41,318 Will it show up? 1098 01:21:41,401 --> 01:21:46,740 And we're dealing with an owner that is very secretive. 1099 01:21:48,575 --> 01:21:51,203 I am Stéphane Lacroix, professor of political science 1100 01:21:51,286 --> 01:21:54,623 and part of the International Research Institute at Sciences Po. 1101 01:21:55,249 --> 01:22:02,089 In 2017, MBS became the central figure of power in Saudi Arabia. 1102 01:22:02,172 --> 01:22:05,467 He led repressive operations 1103 01:22:05,551 --> 01:22:10,639 against economic, intellectual and religious counterpowers. 1104 01:22:10,722 --> 01:22:14,142 The missing U.S.-based journalist is no longer alive. 1105 01:22:14,226 --> 01:22:17,062 The coalition's airstrikes may amount to war crimes. 1106 01:22:17,145 --> 01:22:21,024 In order for Saudi Arabia to survive the end of oil, 1107 01:22:21,108 --> 01:22:24,319 he needs to promote a new image of the country. 1108 01:22:24,903 --> 01:22:26,446 He understands 1109 01:22:26,530 --> 01:22:31,827 that he can achieve it through culture and particularly through art. 1110 01:22:33,579 --> 01:22:37,040 A collaboration was launched months earlier 1111 01:22:37,124 --> 01:22:40,502 for the construction of a tourist site in AlUla. 1112 01:22:46,675 --> 01:22:51,513 The Saudis make massive investments in the development of this site 1113 01:22:51,597 --> 01:22:56,518 and appoint France and French companies 1114 01:22:56,602 --> 01:23:00,272 as intermediaries. 1115 01:23:01,440 --> 01:23:05,110 On the back of that, there were also promises for contracts. 1116 01:23:05,194 --> 01:23:08,030 Basically arms deals. 1117 01:23:11,450 --> 01:23:13,035 So the French could benefit 1118 01:23:13,118 --> 01:23:15,329 from the lucrative contracts for their companies. 1119 01:23:19,124 --> 01:23:24,046 The Arabian states, they want to sort of be seen as cultural nations, 1120 01:23:24,129 --> 01:23:27,049 and for this cultural nation building, 1121 01:23:27,132 --> 01:23:33,514 they need to place the Salvator Mundi in the Paris Louvre show 1122 01:23:33,597 --> 01:23:35,182 because it's a political thing. 1123 01:23:35,807 --> 01:23:40,437 That's what art is being used for today, this kind of soft political capital, 1124 01:23:40,521 --> 01:23:44,149 where we may have sliced up a journalist or all of these terrible things, 1125 01:23:44,233 --> 01:23:48,862 and then you cover it with a nice painting and it's a diversion. 1126 01:23:50,906 --> 01:23:54,243 In April, 2018, MBS arrives in Paris. 1127 01:23:56,912 --> 01:24:01,875 One could imagine that they talk about the Salvator Mundi. 1128 01:24:04,211 --> 01:24:08,757 If the Louvre says it's an autographed Leonardo, that is a big deal. 1129 01:24:09,716 --> 01:24:12,761 It's not just art history, it's world politics. 1130 01:24:17,558 --> 01:24:20,018 The curator of the Louvre at this moment has a problem 1131 01:24:20,102 --> 01:24:24,940 because, politically, he cannot refuse the Salvator Mundi. 1132 01:24:25,023 --> 01:24:28,986 He cannot refuse the attribution to Leonardo, 1133 01:24:29,069 --> 01:24:32,948 but nobody at the moment knows what's going on there. 1134 01:24:35,909 --> 01:24:40,455 We know that the painting was brought to Paris in June, 2018, 1135 01:24:40,539 --> 01:24:45,252 where it was taken to the Louvre laboratory for a top-secret examination. 1136 01:24:46,712 --> 01:24:49,339 So it's just about six days before the opening 1137 01:24:50,048 --> 01:24:54,386 and I receive the plan for the installation of the exhibition. 1138 01:24:55,053 --> 01:25:01,351 And on that plan is the Salvator Mundi given pride of place in the final room. 1139 01:25:02,853 --> 01:25:05,981 If it were to be presented as a true Leonardo, 1140 01:25:06,064 --> 01:25:08,901 he would make the institution ridiculous. 1141 01:25:08,984 --> 01:25:13,363 So I wrote to the president of the French Republic: 1142 01:25:13,447 --> 01:25:19,453 "Mr. President, I can assure you that it would be most unfortunate 1143 01:25:19,536 --> 01:25:21,914 if the painting is presented at the Louvre 1144 01:25:21,997 --> 01:25:25,501 as being entirely painted by Leonardo da Vinci." 1145 01:25:32,466 --> 01:25:37,221 So we're all waiting to see if the Salvator Mundi shows up. 1146 01:25:39,640 --> 01:25:43,018 It would be good if the Salvator Mundi belonged to the public. 1147 01:25:45,229 --> 01:25:48,398 The Louvre has all the latest imaging equipment 1148 01:25:48,482 --> 01:25:51,401 to examine the painting, and that would be wonderful. 1149 01:25:59,785 --> 01:26:03,121 And I arrive at the advanced press preview 1150 01:26:03,205 --> 01:26:07,125 and immediately run through the entire exhibition to see, 1151 01:26:07,209 --> 01:26:09,920 is the Salvator Mundi in the last room? 1152 01:26:17,636 --> 01:26:22,724 And there on the wall is a bare spot with three picture hooks. 1153 01:26:25,644 --> 01:26:27,521 We think, "Are they about to hang it? 1154 01:26:27,604 --> 01:26:31,817 Is this a moment of theater that they have planned for the press?" 1155 01:26:32,359 --> 01:26:37,197 And we then, to our huge disappointment... 1156 01:26:37,865 --> 01:26:40,492 we get a shrug of the shoulders from the Louvre. 1157 01:26:41,285 --> 01:26:43,161 Where is the Salvator Mundi? 1158 01:26:45,581 --> 01:26:47,332 We couldn't get all the paintings. 1159 01:26:47,416 --> 01:26:50,085 We asked to loan the Salvator Mundi from its owner. 1160 01:26:50,169 --> 01:26:53,505 We're still open for discussion. 1161 01:26:53,589 --> 01:26:58,218 One painting not here, the still controversial Salvator Mundi. 1162 01:26:58,302 --> 01:27:01,847 Here instead, a copy from the same period. 1163 01:27:02,514 --> 01:27:06,018 People were transfixed, and I kept-- I said to a couple that... 1164 01:27:06,101 --> 01:27:09,897 I said, "It's a copy. Don't you know that this is a copy?" 1165 01:27:09,980 --> 01:27:14,234 Some of them looked a little confused, but they kept taking pictures of it. 1166 01:27:15,611 --> 01:27:18,989 I was hoping up until the last minute that it would turn up. 1167 01:27:20,866 --> 01:27:24,661 The most notorious no-show is the Salvator Mundi. 1168 01:27:35,797 --> 01:27:37,466 It's actually shrouded in mystery 1169 01:27:37,549 --> 01:27:40,761 because no one has seen it since the sale in 2017. 1170 01:27:47,559 --> 01:27:49,728 People can say whatever they want. 1171 01:27:50,312 --> 01:27:52,272 It's like putting out wildfires. 1172 01:27:54,733 --> 01:27:59,112 You know, one goes away and another one immediately crops up somewhere else. 1173 01:28:00,030 --> 01:28:02,616 It never, never stops. 1174 01:28:12,668 --> 01:28:16,129 A few days ago, I had a really strange experience. 1175 01:28:18,090 --> 01:28:23,971 I visited an art historian at his house and he had some books on the table. 1176 01:28:24,888 --> 01:28:30,352 Among them was a small catalog of the Salvator Mundi. 1177 01:28:31,228 --> 01:28:32,563 Published by the Louvre. 1178 01:28:34,022 --> 01:28:37,192 And I was really taken aback and I said... 1179 01:28:37,860 --> 01:28:40,237 I said, "What is this? I've never seen it." 1180 01:28:40,320 --> 01:28:42,614 He said, "Oh, I bought it at the exhibition." 1181 01:28:43,198 --> 01:28:45,242 And I said, "Oh, that's strange." 1182 01:28:48,203 --> 01:28:51,290 I started to look for it. Not for sale anywhere. 1183 01:28:51,373 --> 01:28:55,210 I asked our librarian if he could track it down, 1184 01:28:55,794 --> 01:28:59,381 and he said, "It doesn't seem to exist." 1185 01:29:01,508 --> 01:29:04,469 I have heard nothing about this book, 1186 01:29:04,553 --> 01:29:09,600 and I find out that it is produced by the Louvre 1187 01:29:09,683 --> 01:29:11,935 on the occasion of the exhibition. 1188 01:29:12,477 --> 01:29:16,148 And it is full of some new technical examination 1189 01:29:16,231 --> 01:29:17,774 they have done of the picture. 1190 01:29:19,443 --> 01:29:23,113 The book recapitulates the history of the painting, 1191 01:29:23,614 --> 01:29:29,953 then goes on to attribute it securely to Leonardo. 1192 01:29:34,499 --> 01:29:39,421 This is the first time that we have an independent body, really, 1193 01:29:39,505 --> 01:29:42,466 doing a thorough analysis of the picture. 1194 01:29:44,635 --> 01:29:46,553 But it's difficult to know what to believe 1195 01:29:46,637 --> 01:29:51,600 when you've got a lost painting, a lost book, 1196 01:29:51,683 --> 01:29:55,687 and no access to the scientific examinations themselves. 1197 01:30:01,527 --> 01:30:04,488 There's no doubt for the Louvre. 1198 01:30:05,364 --> 01:30:11,328 So why don't they want to publish this information? 1199 01:30:11,411 --> 01:30:15,999 Are you talking about a book published by the Louvre about the Salvator Mundi? 1200 01:30:16,083 --> 01:30:18,919 -Yes. -We didn't publish such a book. 1201 01:30:19,002 --> 01:30:21,755 -So it is not possible to see it? -No. 1202 01:30:21,839 --> 01:30:25,509 Is it because all the copies have been destroyed? 1203 01:30:25,592 --> 01:30:27,177 -Yes. -Okay. 1204 01:30:27,261 --> 01:30:33,100 Someone bought the book in the Louvre bookstore. 1205 01:30:33,183 --> 01:30:36,812 -Was it a mistake or what happened? -Yes, I guess it must have been. 1206 01:30:37,646 --> 01:30:42,442 I think you understand. We don't want the content of this book to be published. 1207 01:30:42,526 --> 01:30:45,320 It was connected to the loan. 1208 01:30:45,404 --> 01:30:48,323 The loan didn't happen, so there is no book. 1209 01:30:48,407 --> 01:30:53,704 If a public institution takes a position on something, 1210 01:30:53,787 --> 01:30:57,082 the public has the right to know what has been decided, no? 1211 01:30:57,165 --> 01:31:00,836 Are you asking me? Ask the president of France. 1212 01:31:06,383 --> 01:31:12,222 Let me say something about institutional knowledge and authority. 1213 01:31:13,891 --> 01:31:17,644 It's not as real and as foolproof, 1214 01:31:18,145 --> 01:31:21,190 and as clean, immaculate... 1215 01:31:22,399 --> 01:31:23,525 as you think. 1216 01:31:23,609 --> 01:31:25,319 It is never neutral. 1217 01:31:25,944 --> 01:31:29,239 Power is never neutral. 1218 01:31:48,467 --> 01:31:52,804 You know people at the Louvre. What do they say about the rumors? 1219 01:31:53,972 --> 01:31:57,643 The Salvator Mundi... 1220 01:31:57,726 --> 01:32:04,024 And these are not rumors. I have sources to confirm it. 1221 01:32:04,107 --> 01:32:09,738 The Salvator Mundi was supposed to be loaned for the exhibition. 1222 01:32:09,821 --> 01:32:14,660 But the owner wanted it to be shown in the same room as the Mona Lisa, 1223 01:32:15,327 --> 01:32:21,458 which would have put the two paintings on the same level. 1224 01:32:23,961 --> 01:32:27,923 The Louvre did not want to present it in the same room as the Mona Lisa. 1225 01:32:28,006 --> 01:32:31,218 So the owner refused to lend it. 1226 01:32:37,099 --> 01:32:40,060 So why did MBS pull the work at the last minute? 1227 01:32:41,228 --> 01:32:44,731 What he wanted to do was elevate the Salvator Mundi 1228 01:32:44,815 --> 01:32:46,775 to the level of the Mona Lisa 1229 01:32:46,859 --> 01:32:50,445 by placing it not amongst the lesser da Vincis, 1230 01:32:50,529 --> 01:32:53,949 where the work would be subjected to every academic 1231 01:32:54,032 --> 01:32:57,619 who wanted to make a name for themselves by opining on the work. 1232 01:32:59,246 --> 01:33:05,502 He wanted it opposite the Mona Lisa as a civilizational masterpiece. 1233 01:33:16,305 --> 01:33:18,974 It was just a raw power, you know, 1234 01:33:19,057 --> 01:33:23,228 "We own this thing, we're gonna show it to the world when we're ready." 1235 01:33:28,275 --> 01:33:30,736 For shit sure the painting's gonna turn up again. 1236 01:33:30,819 --> 01:33:33,030 You can stick it in some place in the desert 1237 01:33:33,113 --> 01:33:36,533 and start to lure tourists from all over the world to see it 1238 01:33:36,617 --> 01:33:38,827 and stand in front of it like Disneyland. 1239 01:33:39,453 --> 01:33:40,621 That's gonna happen. 1240 01:33:45,918 --> 01:33:52,090 There is something in the relationship that MBS has created with the painting. 1241 01:33:54,718 --> 01:33:58,472 There is this "savior of the world" represented as a young man 1242 01:33:58,555 --> 01:34:01,975 with a beard, in which MBS might see himself. 1243 01:34:02,059 --> 01:34:04,478 He might have developed a connection with the painting 1244 01:34:04,561 --> 01:34:06,396 and wants to keep it for himself 1245 01:34:07,231 --> 01:34:11,735 like some kind of mirror of himself or how he would like to be seen. 1246 01:34:33,215 --> 01:34:36,343 At this moment, it is a da Vinci, 1247 01:34:36,426 --> 01:34:40,806 and even the debate adds some attractive force to it. 1248 01:34:41,390 --> 01:34:43,892 Even that there are folks that may disagree 1249 01:34:43,976 --> 01:34:47,187 makes you want to go look in its eye and see for yourself 1250 01:34:47,271 --> 01:34:49,356 what all the fuss is about. 1251 01:34:54,444 --> 01:34:58,866 My greatest regret is that it did not go to a museum. 1252 01:35:00,450 --> 01:35:04,037 And of course, everyone's idea of the picture is now formed 1253 01:35:04,121 --> 01:35:07,624 by mystery and legend and speculation. 1254 01:35:07,708 --> 01:35:10,002 I still have lots of art supplies here. 1255 01:35:13,672 --> 01:35:18,010 It would be very surprising if all the experts suddenly said, 1256 01:35:18,552 --> 01:35:21,221 "Oh, yes, this is absolutely by Leonardo." 1257 01:35:23,724 --> 01:35:25,642 And there are no documents. 1258 01:35:25,726 --> 01:35:31,440 It cannot be proven, you know, factually, beyond a doubt. 1259 01:35:41,408 --> 01:35:42,534 You okay? 1260 01:35:52,461 --> 01:35:55,923 Of course I wish that I could move on. 1261 01:36:00,677 --> 01:36:05,682 But the Salvator Mundi is always with me because I'm never allowed to forget. 1262 01:36:09,144 --> 01:36:13,148 The mystery is sort of solved, but not really. 1263 01:36:13,232 --> 01:36:17,694 And this, again, is a whole new sort of rabbit hole, hall of mirrors. 1264 01:36:23,575 --> 01:36:26,411 The painting hasn't been seen since it was sold. 1265 01:36:26,495 --> 01:36:30,415 Once described as the greatest discovery of the 21st century, 1266 01:36:30,499 --> 01:36:34,127 the mystery surrounding Salvator Mundi, continues today... 114627

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