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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:02,120 --> 00:00:09,080 [ Military Music ] 2 00:01:35,250 --> 00:01:36,870 The symbols and the leaders change, 3 00:01:37,500 --> 00:01:39,120 but Germany's maniacal urge 4 00:01:39,250 --> 00:01:41,370 to impose its will on others continues 5 00:01:41,410 --> 00:01:43,080 from generation to generation. 6 00:02:10,449 --> 00:02:14,120 [ Military Music ] 7 00:02:14,830 --> 00:02:16,370 In the last seventy five years, 8 00:02:16,540 --> 00:02:19,950 this madness has cost the world more than twenty million killed, 9 00:02:20,450 --> 00:02:22,290 more than sixty million wounded, 10 00:02:22,620 --> 00:02:24,620 more than two hundred million made homeless. 11 00:02:25,829 --> 00:02:28,750 This does not include the untold millions that died of disease 12 00:02:28,950 --> 00:02:30,200 resulting from war. 13 00:02:30,910 --> 00:02:34,250 Or, the billions upon billions of dollars worth of property destroyed. 14 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:39,160 Nor, does this include the grief, the anguish, 15 00:02:40,079 --> 00:02:43,870 the misery, the terror that the world has suffered, 16 00:02:44,370 --> 00:02:46,579 due to the German's insane passion to 17 00:02:46,620 --> 00:02:49,000 enforce their rule upon their neighbors. 18 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:53,910 This passion for conquest reached its hysterical climax 19 00:02:54,160 --> 00:02:58,200 when Adolf Hitler enthroned himself as God, and the German Fuhrer. 20 00:02:58,579 --> 00:03:03,160 [ Music ] 21 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,250 What fantastic dreams was this humorless man dreaming, 22 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:09,370 as he stood at Nuremberg, and looked 23 00:03:09,410 --> 00:03:11,000 down at his fanatic followers? 24 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:17,450 In the Middle Ages, a plague of slavery descended on the world. 25 00:03:18,329 --> 00:03:22,040 Out of the wild's of Mongolia, came a mighty army of fierce horseman, 26 00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:24,370 led by Genghis Kahn. 27 00:03:26,910 --> 00:03:29,750 Burning, looting, pillaging, 28 00:03:30,870 --> 00:03:34,329 the barbarian horde swept across Asia and Eastern Europe. 29 00:03:35,700 --> 00:03:39,250 Genghis Kahn conquered most of the world of the 13th century. 30 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:42,619 Adolf Hitler was determined to outdo him, 31 00:03:42,620 --> 00:03:45,079 and conquer all of the world of the 20th. 32 00:03:46,410 --> 00:03:48,829 Set up at Munich, was an institute devoted 33 00:03:48,870 --> 00:03:51,370 to the little-known science of geopolitics, 34 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:55,500 vaguely defined as the military control of space. 35 00:03:56,950 --> 00:03:58,950 Germany's leading geopolitician, 36 00:03:59,250 --> 00:04:02,870 a former general, Karl Haushofer, was head man. 37 00:04:03,870 --> 00:04:07,120 Here, was gathered together more information about your hometown 38 00:04:07,370 --> 00:04:08,620 than you yourself know. 39 00:04:10,200 --> 00:04:11,910 To the German geopolitician, 40 00:04:12,500 --> 00:04:15,870 the world is not made up of men, and women, and children 41 00:04:16,329 --> 00:04:19,160 who live, and love, and dream of better things. 42 00:04:20,040 --> 00:04:23,960 It is made up of only two elements: labor and raw materials. 43 00:04:24,910 --> 00:04:26,500 The geopoliticians' job 44 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,700 was to transform Hitler's ambition to control these elements 45 00:04:31,040 --> 00:04:33,250 into cold hard reality. 46 00:04:36,290 --> 00:04:39,830 On their map, our planet is neatly divided into land and water. 47 00:04:41,159 --> 00:04:43,790 Water forms three quarters of the Earth's surface. 48 00:04:44,370 --> 00:04:46,080 Land, only one quarter. 49 00:04:47,409 --> 00:04:49,659 And in that one quarter of the Earth's surface, 50 00:04:49,830 --> 00:04:53,409 lies the world's wealth. All its natural resources. 51 00:05:00,330 --> 00:05:06,620 [ Thrilling Music ] 52 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:17,910 And, the world's manpower. 53 00:05:25,580 --> 00:05:28,370 Control the land, and you control the world. 54 00:05:29,250 --> 00:05:30,830 That was Hitler's theory. 55 00:05:32,290 --> 00:05:35,120 This all important land, the geopoliticians 56 00:05:35,159 --> 00:05:37,040 now break up into two areas. 57 00:05:37,790 --> 00:05:39,580 One, the Western Hemisphere. 58 00:05:40,040 --> 00:05:41,659 Which, together with Australia, 59 00:05:41,790 --> 00:05:44,290 and all the islands of the world, including Japan, 60 00:05:44,830 --> 00:05:47,330 comprises one third of the land area. 61 00:05:48,409 --> 00:05:52,200 The other area, which consists of Europe, Asia and Africa, 62 00:05:52,620 --> 00:05:54,659 makes up the other two thirds. 63 00:05:55,580 --> 00:05:58,700 This super continent, which they call the "world island", 64 00:05:59,500 --> 00:06:02,830 is not only twice as large as the rest of the land area, 65 00:06:04,540 --> 00:06:08,120 but also includes seven eighths of the world's population. 66 00:06:10,910 --> 00:06:13,210 The heart of this world island comprises 67 00:06:13,250 --> 00:06:15,080 Eastern Europe and most of Asia. 68 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:17,870 This, they call the heartland, 69 00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:22,370 which just about coincides with the old empire of Genghis Kahn. 70 00:06:23,660 --> 00:06:25,910 Hitler's step by step plan for world 71 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:28,290 conquest, can be summarized this way. 72 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:35,370 Conquer Eastern Europe, N and you dominate the heartland. 73 00:06:37,250 --> 00:06:41,950 Conquer the heartland, and you dominate the world island. 74 00:06:43,450 --> 00:06:48,250 Conquer the world island, and you dominate the world. 75 00:06:50,040 --> 00:06:54,000 That was the dream in Hitler's mind as he stood at Nuremberg. 76 00:06:55,830 --> 00:06:59,250 [ Speaking German ] 77 00:07:01,750 --> 00:07:05,580 With pig and pageantry, the district leaders from all over Germany 78 00:07:05,750 --> 00:07:07,620 swore personal allegiance to him. 79 00:07:08,120 --> 00:07:12,120 Hypnotized in the belief that they were members of a master race. 80 00:07:16,700 --> 00:07:20,500 This film will deal with act one of the Nazi bid for world power, 81 00:07:20,790 --> 00:07:23,910 the most fantastic play in all recorded history. 82 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:28,749 Hitler had seen Hirohito grab off Manchuria 83 00:07:28,750 --> 00:07:31,000 and other territory from the Chinese. 84 00:07:32,700 --> 00:07:35,659 He had watched Mussolini get away with the rape of Ethiopia. 85 00:07:36,870 --> 00:07:39,120 He had seen the democratic world look the other way, 86 00:07:39,290 --> 00:07:41,450 while these illegal aggressions were going on. 87 00:07:43,700 --> 00:07:44,830 And he smiled, 88 00:07:45,290 --> 00:07:47,500 for collective action to enforce peace, 89 00:07:52,580 --> 00:07:55,830 It was time now, for the Nazis to start crossing borders. 90 00:07:56,750 --> 00:07:59,409 It was time for Hitler to put his plan into action. 91 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:01,450 And what was he waiting for? 92 00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:05,370 He was waiting to soften up his victims, 93 00:08:05,500 --> 00:08:06,750 keep them from uniting. 94 00:08:10,080 --> 00:08:17,290 [ Menacing Music ] 95 00:08:17,450 --> 00:08:19,660 For the softening up process, he sent his agents 96 00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:21,620 all over the world disguised as tourists, 97 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:24,330 students, and commercial travelers. 98 00:08:25,620 --> 00:08:27,830 Payoff men like Ribbentrop came too. 99 00:08:28,450 --> 00:08:31,910 To bribe, threaten, and form local fascist parties, 100 00:08:32,200 --> 00:08:35,289 such as Degrelle and his Rexist party in Belgium. 101 00:08:35,659 --> 00:08:39,200 Such as la Rocque and his Croix de Feu party in France. 102 00:08:40,700 --> 00:08:43,500 Henlein in Czechoslovakia. 103 00:08:44,370 --> 00:08:47,700 Seyss-lnquart and his National Socialists in Austria. 104 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:51,620 In Britain, Sir Oswald Mosley offered 105 00:08:51,660 --> 00:08:53,080 himself to the people as a Hitler 106 00:08:53,290 --> 00:08:54,660 with an Oxford accent. 107 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:58,370 "In other words, I'm told that Hitler is mad. 108 00:09:00,700 --> 00:09:02,950 Well, I've got another view myself." 109 00:09:03,700 --> 00:09:07,660 Until the day, when they would make easy Hitler's actual invasion. 110 00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:10,410 These subversive fascist organizations 111 00:09:10,450 --> 00:09:12,370 provoked riots and rebellions, 112 00:09:12,950 --> 00:09:15,160 creating scenes like these in France. 113 00:09:19,700 --> 00:09:21,580 Scenes like these in Belgium. 114 00:09:28,870 --> 00:09:33,620 And where do you think this is? Right in Madison Square Garden, USA. 115 00:09:37,750 --> 00:09:41,540 And this is Fritz Kuhn, leader of a German American Bund, 116 00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:43,790 hiding behind the American flag. 117 00:09:44,330 --> 00:09:46,210 But taking his orders from Berlin, 118 00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:50,080 and copying the methods of Berlin. 119 00:09:50,790 --> 00:09:53,370 That was the softening up process outside Germany. 120 00:09:55,910 --> 00:09:58,790 But, inside Germany it was a different story. 121 00:09:59,540 --> 00:10:02,750 Here, in utmost secrecy, the hardening up process. 122 00:10:03,660 --> 00:10:05,830 Bulding up Hitler's army, and his industry. 123 00:10:10,370 --> 00:10:12,910 "Tell the world we have no raw materials, 124 00:10:13,620 --> 00:10:15,580 and never let them see what goes on. 125 00:10:16,910 --> 00:10:23,000 Day after day, night after night, month after month, year after year. 126 00:10:23,870 --> 00:10:26,500 We must have the world's most powerful club. 127 00:10:27,830 --> 00:10:32,540 Forget hours. Forget working conditions. Forget how to think. 128 00:10:32,910 --> 00:10:35,120 Forge the club of blood and iron. 129 00:10:36,290 --> 00:10:38,790 Let the democracies talk about freedom. 130 00:10:39,370 --> 00:10:43,750 No freedom here, no labor unions, no overtime. 131 00:10:44,120 --> 00:10:47,290 The Fuhrer tells you where to work, when to work, 132 00:10:47,580 --> 00:10:51,000 how long to work, how much your work is worth. 133 00:10:51,450 --> 00:10:55,500 Forge the club of blood and iron. We have a sacred mission. 134 00:10:56,120 --> 00:11:00,330 Today we rule Germany, tomorrow the world." 135 00:11:00,950 --> 00:11:06,080 [ German crowd giving Nazi salute ] 136 00:11:06,250 --> 00:11:09,000 And for those who don't like it, you don't eat. 137 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,580 Or, you disappear into a concentration camp. 138 00:11:16,580 --> 00:11:18,370 Or, you get this. 139 00:11:18,700 --> 00:11:20,210 [ Gunfire ] 140 00:11:20,370 --> 00:11:22,330 And this is the man who gives it to you. 141 00:11:22,500 --> 00:11:24,160 [ Gunfire ] 142 00:11:30,250 --> 00:11:31,750 And what of the army? 143 00:11:33,500 --> 00:11:35,040 Before Hitler came into power, 144 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,580 the German army, by treaty, 145 00:11:36,750 --> 00:11:38,910 was limited to one hundred thousand men. 146 00:11:39,660 --> 00:11:42,950 But treaties, to the Germans, have always been something to ignore. 147 00:11:43,910 --> 00:11:46,620 These one hundred thousand men were, in reality, 148 00:11:46,790 --> 00:11:49,080 a hundred thousand highly trained officers. 149 00:11:49,830 --> 00:11:52,250 The men who lead the Nazi regiments today. 150 00:11:53,330 --> 00:11:56,580 But Hitler didn't merely ignore the treaty, he tore it up. 151 00:11:57,700 --> 00:12:00,540 And in 1935, ordered national conscription. 152 00:12:02,950 --> 00:12:06,290 Simultaneously, he ordered German youth to become air minded. 153 00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:08,620 Toy gliders filled the air. 154 00:12:09,200 --> 00:12:12,000 But as the boys grew bigger, so did the gliders. 155 00:12:13,450 --> 00:12:15,960 Soon, these same youths were trained pilots, 156 00:12:16,540 --> 00:12:19,040 flying the new planes the factories were producing. 157 00:12:19,500 --> 00:12:21,620 The Luftwaffe was being assembled. 158 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:27,250 [ Thrilling Music ] 159 00:12:27,580 --> 00:12:30,620 The only thing old about this new army was the goose step, 160 00:12:30,950 --> 00:12:34,620 and even Hitler couldn't improve on that ancient German form of torture, 161 00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:36,790 designed to make man stop thinking, 162 00:12:37,040 --> 00:12:38,790 and blindly obey. 163 00:12:39,540 --> 00:12:43,040 Goose step them until they become as insensible as weapons. 164 00:12:43,370 --> 00:12:47,080 [ Military Music ] 165 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:49,750 Everything else was new. 166 00:12:50,830 --> 00:12:53,460 Tanks, motorized equipment, and one of 167 00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:55,960 our own inventions: the dive bomber. 168 00:12:56,250 --> 00:12:59,290 [ Airplane Engine ] 169 00:12:59,540 --> 00:13:02,000 All this rearmament was strictly illegal, 170 00:13:02,450 --> 00:13:04,250 according to the Versailles Treaty. 171 00:13:04,580 --> 00:13:06,460 And the next illegal step Hitler took, 172 00:13:06,580 --> 00:13:08,830 was to march his troops into the Rhineland. 173 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:11,500 A strip of land between Germany and France, 174 00:13:11,700 --> 00:13:13,660 demilitarized after the last war, 175 00:13:13,870 --> 00:13:16,160 as a precaution against future German aggression. 176 00:13:16,790 --> 00:13:18,580 But Hitler's plan of eastern conquest 177 00:13:18,750 --> 00:13:21,660 demanded a barrier against democratic action in the west. 178 00:13:22,120 --> 00:13:24,370 So Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland, 179 00:13:24,620 --> 00:13:27,290 and began building the formidable Siegfried Line... 180 00:13:27,580 --> 00:13:31,080 A chain of forts and defenses 450 miles long, 181 00:13:31,250 --> 00:13:33,450 and in some places, thirty miles wide. 182 00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:36,500 Germany had fought one, two-front war, 183 00:13:36,660 --> 00:13:38,040 and didn't want another. 184 00:13:49,830 --> 00:13:54,120 As many as half a million men worked as much as twenty hours a day, 185 00:13:54,370 --> 00:13:57,750 to build 22,000 fortified positions on land. 186 00:13:58,250 --> 00:14:02,330 Where, by treaty, no German soldier was supposed to set foot. 187 00:14:55,580 --> 00:14:58,460 Hitler had his Siegfried Line. He had his equipment. 188 00:15:01,120 --> 00:15:02,450 He had his army. 189 00:15:03,830 --> 00:15:06,500 Now, to unveil the German might and terrorize 190 00:15:06,660 --> 00:15:09,080 his intended victims into submission. 191 00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:11,660 General staffs all over the world, 192 00:15:11,870 --> 00:15:14,870 anxiously awaited the report of their military attaches. 193 00:15:15,870 --> 00:15:17,830 A would-be peaceful world, 194 00:15:18,200 --> 00:15:22,910 learned that a vast military power had materialized out of nowhere. 195 00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:27,370 A power controlled by one man who tore up treaties, 196 00:15:27,660 --> 00:15:29,580 as we tear up ticker tape. 197 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:35,950 [ Menacing Music ] 198 00:15:38,830 --> 00:15:42,290 Satisfied they had created the right sense of fear in the world, 199 00:15:42,620 --> 00:15:44,870 the Nazi leaders were now ready to strike. 200 00:15:45,330 --> 00:15:46,750 The hour had come. 201 00:15:47,250 --> 00:15:49,700 It was time to start conquering Eastern Europe, 202 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:53,000 according the the plan of Hitler's geopoliticians. 203 00:15:53,410 --> 00:15:56,290 It was time to win the domination of the heartland. 204 00:15:57,580 --> 00:15:59,460 Who would the first victim be? 205 00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,250 Naturally the softest: Austria. 206 00:16:02,750 --> 00:16:06,710 Bite off just enough, not to set the world against you. 207 00:16:07,290 --> 00:16:10,370 On March the 12th, 1938, without warning, 208 00:16:10,790 --> 00:16:13,910 the German armies marched over the Austrian border. 209 00:16:18,290 --> 00:16:21,040 It was really only a full scale invasion test, 210 00:16:21,250 --> 00:16:24,200 and Hitler rode in triumph, into Vienna. 211 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:28,200 Even the very name of Austria disappeared from the map. 212 00:16:28,750 --> 00:16:31,580 Though Hitler had promised earlier to the world, 213 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,410 "The assertion that it is the intention 214 00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:38,950 of the German Reich to coerce the Austrian state, is absurd." 215 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,200 Why was Austria important to Hitler? 216 00:16:43,540 --> 00:16:46,500 It put him on the southern flank of Czechoslovakia. 217 00:16:46,750 --> 00:16:50,410 And Czechoslovakia was the key to the control of Eastern Europe. 218 00:16:51,200 --> 00:16:52,960 The German chancellor Bismarck 219 00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,330 explained that years ago when he said, 220 00:16:55,950 --> 00:16:57,540 he would conquer Europe, 221 00:16:57,750 --> 00:17:00,710 and must first told of bastions of Bohemia. 222 00:17:01,290 --> 00:17:04,160 And Bohemia was now part of Czechoslovakia. 223 00:17:04,450 --> 00:17:06,790 But, Czechoslovakia was tough. 224 00:17:07,040 --> 00:17:09,790 It had a good army. It had good equipment. 225 00:17:10,540 --> 00:17:13,040 It had one of the finest munition plants in the world. 226 00:17:13,450 --> 00:17:14,579 The Skoda Works, 227 00:17:14,910 --> 00:17:16,500 which Hitler wanted very badly. 228 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:20,540 It had incorruptible President Benes, 229 00:17:21,450 --> 00:17:23,700 it had a military alliance with France, 230 00:17:24,540 --> 00:17:27,119 and France had a military alliance with Britain. 231 00:17:27,950 --> 00:17:29,500 Hitler had to move carefully. 232 00:17:31,370 --> 00:17:35,290 Find excuses to take Czechoslovakia, one piece at a time. 233 00:17:35,790 --> 00:17:38,410 He found his excuse in the Sudetenland. 234 00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:41,710 The portion of Czechoslovakia bordering Germany. 235 00:17:42,790 --> 00:17:44,790 Here lived some people of German origin, 236 00:17:44,950 --> 00:17:47,710 although they had never been a part of Germany itself. 237 00:17:48,660 --> 00:17:52,290 That was Hitler's cue. [ German ] 238 00:17:52,660 --> 00:17:55,790 Completely ignoring the fact that most people who left Germany, 239 00:17:55,950 --> 00:17:58,250 had done so to get away from things like Hitler, 240 00:17:58,750 --> 00:18:00,500 he sprang his pet theory. 241 00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:03,080 That every person of German blood, 242 00:18:03,370 --> 00:18:06,580 no matter where he lived, belonged to the Nazi Reich. 243 00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:10,040 Germans or descendants of Germans, 244 00:18:10,250 --> 00:18:13,830 often with no more than a drop of German blood in their veins, 245 00:18:14,000 --> 00:18:16,120 suddenly learned that they were God-like. 246 00:18:16,700 --> 00:18:19,330 Not subject to the laws of the land in which they live, 247 00:18:19,500 --> 00:18:21,250 and to which they owe their allegiance. 248 00:18:21,450 --> 00:18:23,290 Whether it be Czechoslovakia, 249 00:18:24,500 --> 00:18:25,830 Norway, 250 00:18:27,450 --> 00:18:28,910 Sweden, 251 00:18:29,910 --> 00:18:31,460 China, 252 00:18:32,450 --> 00:18:35,000 the United States or Timbuktoo. 253 00:18:36,160 --> 00:18:37,370 According to the Nazis, 254 00:18:37,580 --> 00:18:41,160 the German was a special creature who remained forever German, 255 00:18:41,540 --> 00:18:44,040 to the sixth and seventh generation, 256 00:18:44,410 --> 00:18:46,410 and must take his orders from Berlin. 257 00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:49,410 Some people we know of German descent, 258 00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:51,250 think is a lot of hogwash. 259 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:57,080 [ Evocative Music ] 260 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:10,370 Including fifteen percent of any group like this. 261 00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:23,040 But in the Sudetenland, he found some stooges who fell for this bunk. 262 00:19:24,040 --> 00:19:26,750 Konrad Henlein was their bush league Fuhrer. 263 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:31,000 The people of the Sudetenland were told they should be liberated. 264 00:19:31,750 --> 00:19:33,330 [ German ] 265 00:19:33,620 --> 00:19:35,750 They were told Hitler was their liberator. 266 00:19:36,370 --> 00:19:39,910 The Nazi's smuggled over their standard softening up equipment, 267 00:19:40,660 --> 00:19:42,000 blackjacks. 268 00:19:43,660 --> 00:19:45,370 And when the Czechs were beaten up 269 00:19:45,410 --> 00:19:47,330 trying to combat his fifth columnists, 270 00:19:47,950 --> 00:19:50,710 Hitler screamed the Germans were being persecuted, 271 00:19:51,160 --> 00:19:53,910 and threatened war unless he got the Sudetenland. 272 00:19:56,830 --> 00:20:00,200 "It is the last territorial claim I have to make in Europe. 273 00:20:00,950 --> 00:20:04,540 I have assured Mr. Chamberlain, and I repeat it here, 274 00:20:04,910 --> 00:20:06,540 that when this problem is solved, 275 00:20:06,790 --> 00:20:10,660 there is for Germany no further territorial problem in Europe. 276 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:12,580 We want no Czechs." 277 00:20:13,120 --> 00:20:16,410 [ Applauses ] 278 00:20:16,750 --> 00:20:19,750 To the League of Nations, Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov, 279 00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:22,160 announced that Russia stood ready to back 280 00:20:22,370 --> 00:20:24,200 concerted action against Germany. 281 00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:28,370 But once again, there was to be no concerted action. 282 00:20:33,370 --> 00:20:36,080 The Czech's mobilized and closed their borders. 283 00:20:37,790 --> 00:20:39,150 The leaders of France and Britain, 284 00:20:39,410 --> 00:20:41,660 desperately striving to avoid war, 285 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:44,700 flew to meet the jubilant Axis leaders at Munich. 286 00:20:45,540 --> 00:20:47,160 On September 29th, 287 00:20:47,660 --> 00:20:50,250 in return for Hitler's guarantee of world peace, 288 00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:52,540 Chamberlain and Daladier 289 00:20:52,700 --> 00:20:54,620 prevailed upon Czechoslovakia 290 00:20:54,790 --> 00:20:56,870 to give up the Sudetenland without a fight. 291 00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:02,290 In Czechoslovakia, the Munich pact was greeted by riots of protest. 292 00:21:05,700 --> 00:21:09,210 But Daladier returned to France to be greeted by cheers, 293 00:21:09,410 --> 00:21:10,830 from a relieved French people. 294 00:21:11,790 --> 00:21:15,660 And in Britain, a happy Chamberlain came back declaring he had achieved 295 00:21:16,080 --> 00:21:17,080 peace, 296 00:21:17,200 --> 00:21:18,540 "peace in our time." 297 00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:23,290 One of the most tragic and ironic scenes in all history. 298 00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:27,410 "This morning, I had another talk with 299 00:21:27,450 --> 00:21:30,870 the German Chancellor, Herr Hitler. 300 00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:34,040 And here is the paper 301 00:21:35,120 --> 00:21:36,370 which bears 302 00:21:36,870 --> 00:21:39,250 his name upon it as well as mine. 303 00:21:39,910 --> 00:21:42,620 [ Cheering ] 304 00:21:43,290 --> 00:21:45,660 We regard the agreement signed last night, 305 00:21:46,330 --> 00:21:48,620 and the Anglo-German naval agreement, 306 00:21:48,950 --> 00:21:52,290 as symbolic as the desire of our two peoples 307 00:21:52,620 --> 00:21:55,000 never to go to war with one another again." 308 00:22:01,290 --> 00:22:03,700 Peace? It wasn't peace. 309 00:22:04,040 --> 00:22:06,870 The Nazis hadn't merely got three million more souls 310 00:22:07,040 --> 00:22:08,160 under the German flag. 311 00:22:08,700 --> 00:22:10,540 By taking the Sudetenland, 312 00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:13,290 they had made Czechoslovakia defenseless. 313 00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:17,040 For, in this territory, lay the natural defenses, 314 00:22:17,750 --> 00:22:18,870 the mountain ranges. 315 00:22:19,370 --> 00:22:21,000 And a defensive line of forts, 316 00:22:21,330 --> 00:22:23,750 considered even stronger than the Maginot Line. 317 00:22:24,330 --> 00:22:27,870 Without these fortifications, Czechoslovakia was disarmed. 318 00:22:28,700 --> 00:22:31,330 A ripe plum ready to fall into Hitler's lap. 319 00:22:34,500 --> 00:22:36,540 Within six months of declaring that 320 00:22:36,580 --> 00:22:38,700 he wanted no more territory anywhere, 321 00:22:39,250 --> 00:22:41,370 he'd violated the Munich agreement, 322 00:22:41,790 --> 00:22:43,080 marched in, 323 00:22:43,410 --> 00:22:45,700 and took the whole of the Czech state. 324 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:48,200 Though he had specifically promised, 325 00:22:48,830 --> 00:22:52,870 "I have no further interest in the Czechoslovakian state, 326 00:22:53,370 --> 00:22:54,950 that is guaranteed. 327 00:22:55,500 --> 00:22:57,710 We want no Czechs." 328 00:22:59,370 --> 00:23:02,950 Austria and Czechoslovakia were gone without a fight, 329 00:23:03,580 --> 00:23:06,080 and Hitler was getting his control of Eastern Europe. 330 00:23:07,290 --> 00:23:08,660 Poland was next on the map. 331 00:23:08,950 --> 00:23:10,950 The tired old man of Munich now knew, 332 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,160 there could be no peace in our time. 333 00:23:17,040 --> 00:23:19,830 "If an attempt were made 334 00:23:22,040 --> 00:23:24,450 to change the situation by force, 335 00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:28,500 in such a way as to threaten Polish independence, 336 00:23:30,040 --> 00:23:34,120 why then, that would inevitably start a general conflagration, 337 00:23:35,330 --> 00:23:37,830 in which this country would be involved." 338 00:23:38,370 --> 00:23:40,580 But, after his success at Munich, 339 00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:43,870 Hitler was sure that France and Britain would not fight. 340 00:23:44,290 --> 00:23:46,410 Here's what one of his spokesman said: 341 00:23:47,500 --> 00:23:49,710 "Democracy has no convictions 342 00:23:49,950 --> 00:23:52,790 for which people would be willing to stake their lives." 343 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:56,410 But what about the Russians? 344 00:23:56,870 --> 00:23:59,500 The lights began to burn all night in Moscow. 345 00:24:00,580 --> 00:24:02,700 British and french military missions arrived 346 00:24:02,750 --> 00:24:04,540 to confer with the Soviet government. 347 00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:06,620 So did German representatives. 348 00:24:07,580 --> 00:24:10,250 And on August 21st, 1939, 349 00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:13,830 the world was set on its heels by the announcement of a treaty 350 00:24:14,120 --> 00:24:16,160 between the Russians and the Germans, 351 00:24:16,660 --> 00:24:18,950 in which they agreed not to fight each other. 352 00:24:19,540 --> 00:24:23,040 Here were the admitted archenemies, in a state of apparent friendship. 353 00:24:23,950 --> 00:24:26,250 It was too fantastic to make any sense. 354 00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:28,330 It didn't. 355 00:24:28,950 --> 00:24:30,750 The Germans hoped they could lull 356 00:24:30,790 --> 00:24:32,830 Russia into a false sense of security, 357 00:24:33,540 --> 00:24:35,700 and the Russians needed time to prepare 358 00:24:35,750 --> 00:24:37,620 for the fight they new was coming. 359 00:24:38,120 --> 00:24:41,040 They'd read Hitler's book Mein Kampf too, 360 00:24:41,410 --> 00:24:44,290 and knew he had his eyes on the rich Russian land. 361 00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:49,250 [ Expecting Music ] 362 00:24:49,540 --> 00:24:52,040 Confident that Russia was safely pigeonholed, 363 00:24:52,410 --> 00:24:54,540 and that the democracies would not fight, 364 00:24:55,250 --> 00:24:58,160 the Nazis started singing their favorite theme song, 365 00:24:58,870 --> 00:25:01,710 that all people of German blood belong to them, 366 00:25:02,410 --> 00:25:06,160 and picked Danzig as their excuse for the gobbling up of Poland. 367 00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:09,370 Danzig, a free city. 368 00:25:09,660 --> 00:25:11,910 Self governing under the League of Nations, 369 00:25:12,450 --> 00:25:15,700 was an important seaport at the head of the Polish corridor. 370 00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:17,750 Poland's access to the sea. 371 00:25:18,790 --> 00:25:22,000 The same old softening up process had gone on here. 372 00:25:23,370 --> 00:25:27,910 Local stooges, armed by Germany, began to terrorize the city. 373 00:25:29,370 --> 00:25:34,330 Hitler demanded Danzig and the Polish corridor, or else. 374 00:25:34,750 --> 00:25:36,410 [ Expecting Music ] 375 00:25:36,660 --> 00:25:39,290 The people of Poland prepared for the inevitable. 376 00:25:40,160 --> 00:25:43,330 Although they knew Britain and France had guaranteed their borders, 377 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:46,950 they also knew those countries were a long way off. 378 00:25:48,290 --> 00:25:52,210 [ Expecting Music ] 379 00:25:52,950 --> 00:25:55,160 Germany's theft of Czechoslovakia 380 00:25:55,750 --> 00:25:58,580 had made Poland's strategic position even worse. 381 00:26:00,370 --> 00:26:02,040 Except for the Carpathian mountains, 382 00:26:02,250 --> 00:26:04,790 Poland is relatively flat and low lying. 383 00:26:05,450 --> 00:26:07,620 The Vistula is the Mississippi of Poland. 384 00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:11,700 It is broad, muddy, and unfordable for most of its length. 385 00:26:12,950 --> 00:26:16,200 Its tributaries are formidable streams during certain seasons. 386 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:18,250 But there was a drought, 387 00:26:18,660 --> 00:26:20,910 and the streams were so low during the campaign, 388 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:23,080 that they could be forded at almost any point 389 00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:25,370 by men, trucks, and tanks. 390 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:30,160 Militarily, the Vistula offered the best line of defense. 391 00:26:31,120 --> 00:26:32,750 However, making a stand here, 392 00:26:32,870 --> 00:26:35,790 would've meant surrendering Warsaw and the richest part of the country. 393 00:26:36,620 --> 00:26:39,120 The alternative was to accept battle on the border. 394 00:26:39,830 --> 00:26:41,830 That was the Polish decision. 395 00:26:42,410 --> 00:26:45,160 The Nazi plan was an enormous pincer movement, 396 00:26:45,370 --> 00:26:48,040 almed at encircling the mass of the Polish armies. 397 00:26:48,830 --> 00:26:51,910 Secondary pincer movements were to encircle any Polish groups 398 00:26:52,160 --> 00:26:53,790 which escaped the main trap. 399 00:26:54,870 --> 00:26:56,580 During the last two weeks in august, 400 00:26:56,750 --> 00:26:58,870 the German armies moved toward the Polish border, 401 00:26:59,410 --> 00:27:01,080 where they assembled seventy divisions, 402 00:27:01,500 --> 00:27:02,870 many of them armored. 403 00:27:03,450 --> 00:27:06,790 From a military standpoint, the Poles were hopelessly outclassed 404 00:27:06,870 --> 00:27:08,290 by their predatory neighbor. 405 00:27:08,910 --> 00:27:11,540 They managed to mobilize barely thirty divisions, 406 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:13,950 made up of infantry or horse cavalry. 407 00:27:15,660 --> 00:27:18,500 In two important respects the difference was staggering. 408 00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:21,790 The Nazi's: five thousand modern tanks. 409 00:27:22,410 --> 00:27:24,950 Poland: six hundred non-descript tanks. 410 00:27:25,700 --> 00:27:29,120 The German Luftwaffe: six thousand modern planes. 411 00:27:29,580 --> 00:27:33,330 The Polish air force: less than one thousand of inferior types. 412 00:27:34,580 --> 00:27:36,790 The German army secretly made ready. 413 00:27:37,450 --> 00:27:40,790 The way of living for the next thousand years was to be decided. 414 00:27:48,830 --> 00:27:51,040 The fire that had begun in Manchuria, 415 00:27:51,580 --> 00:27:55,830 and spread through China and Ethiopia, and Spain, 416 00:27:56,250 --> 00:27:58,370 would now blaze around the world. 417 00:28:00,450 --> 00:28:02,700 This man made that decision: 418 00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:06,540 [ Explosions ] 419 00:28:06,790 --> 00:28:07,790 war. 420 00:28:08,620 --> 00:28:10,960 Precisely at dawn on September 1st, 421 00:28:11,540 --> 00:28:13,829 without warning, the German Wehrmacht 422 00:28:13,830 --> 00:28:15,580 rode over the Polish border. 423 00:28:18,750 --> 00:28:21,120 Before the invasion was thirty minutes old, 424 00:28:21,450 --> 00:28:24,040 the planes of the Luftwaffe were over Poland. 425 00:28:24,290 --> 00:28:26,210 Wiping out the Polish air force, 426 00:28:26,410 --> 00:28:28,580 most of it caught flat-footed on the ground. 427 00:28:31,700 --> 00:28:39,120 [ Airplane Engines ] 428 00:28:50,620 --> 00:28:52,250 Those planes that did get off, 429 00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:55,540 faced overwhelming odds and were shot out of the sky. 430 00:29:01,910 --> 00:29:07,120 [ Thrilling Music ] [ Explosions ] 431 00:29:40,500 --> 00:29:43,870 Far flying Nazi squadrons ranged deep into Poland. 432 00:29:44,500 --> 00:29:46,210 Destroying communications, 433 00:29:46,620 --> 00:29:51,410 radio stations, power plants, highways. Bridges, rail roads. 434 00:29:54,790 --> 00:30:02,080 [ Explosions ] 435 00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:43,160 [ Explosions ] 436 00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:49,410 The Polish army was disorganized by the loss of its air force, 437 00:30:49,830 --> 00:30:51,660 and the disruption of communications. 438 00:30:52,500 --> 00:30:56,210 The mass ground units of the Nazi army continued their advance. 439 00:30:56,950 --> 00:31:00,330 Occasionally, they unveiled a new technique or item of equipment. 440 00:31:01,580 --> 00:31:02,580 For example, 441 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:06,080 advanced units of the German fourth army crossed the Vistula 442 00:31:06,580 --> 00:31:08,330 in a new type of storm boat. 443 00:31:11,950 --> 00:31:12,950 By September the 5th, 444 00:31:13,500 --> 00:31:16,080 the Polish retreat developed alarming tendencies. 445 00:31:17,040 --> 00:31:18,870 The powerful German Tenth Army, 446 00:31:19,290 --> 00:31:22,790 which was to form the southern claw of the great Nazi pincers, 447 00:31:23,120 --> 00:31:26,410 was advancing with its five armored divisions on either flank. 448 00:31:28,370 --> 00:31:30,450 On September 6th, the opposing poles 449 00:31:30,500 --> 00:31:32,370 began splitting into two groups, 450 00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:35,790 the southern one falling back towards the Vistula. 451 00:31:36,750 --> 00:31:38,910 The armored divisions on the German right, 452 00:31:39,040 --> 00:31:43,290 raced ahead circling Radom, and cutting off this group, 453 00:31:43,580 --> 00:31:44,870 which finally surrendered. 454 00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:48,250 Meanwhile, further north, the main 455 00:31:48,290 --> 00:31:50,870 polish mass began drifting toward Lodz. 456 00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:55,790 The German command, perceiving that this opened the gate towards Warsaw, 457 00:31:56,160 --> 00:31:58,080 sent the northern Nazi armored units 458 00:31:58,160 --> 00:32:00,410 racing through the gap to the Polish capital. 459 00:32:04,250 --> 00:32:06,290 The infantry advanced in forced marches 460 00:32:06,450 --> 00:32:07,870 of thirty five miles a day, 461 00:32:08,290 --> 00:32:11,290 and two days later, relieved the Panzers above Warsaw. 462 00:32:12,250 --> 00:32:13,500 The city was now cut off. 463 00:32:15,000 --> 00:32:18,450 West of Warsaw, the main Polish armies were encircled. 464 00:32:19,830 --> 00:32:21,660 Under terrific pressure on the ground, 465 00:32:21,910 --> 00:32:23,910 and pounded ceaselessly from the air, 466 00:32:24,250 --> 00:32:25,750 they began to disintegrate. 467 00:32:26,410 --> 00:32:28,540 They fought on with high personal courage. 468 00:32:29,410 --> 00:32:32,040 But without airplanes, without communications, 469 00:32:32,410 --> 00:32:34,120 cut off from their general staff, 470 00:32:34,750 --> 00:32:37,290 the isolated Polish groups were forced to surrender, 471 00:32:37,750 --> 00:32:38,750 one by one. 472 00:32:41,500 --> 00:32:43,120 But Warsaw still resisted. 473 00:32:44,160 --> 00:32:47,330 [ Piano Music ] 474 00:32:47,450 --> 00:32:50,960 The heroic strains of the Polonaise told an incredulous world 475 00:32:51,080 --> 00:32:54,040 that the people of Warsaw, led by Mayor Starzynski, 476 00:32:54,660 --> 00:32:57,200 had erected a wall of courage around their city, 477 00:32:57,410 --> 00:32:59,410 defying Hitler to do his damndest. 478 00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:05,160 [ Explosions ] 479 00:33:11,370 --> 00:33:13,950 Stopped cold by the city's desperate resistance, 480 00:33:14,410 --> 00:33:17,160 the Nazi's were forced to send for heavier artillery. 481 00:33:18,410 --> 00:33:21,540 The only source of such artillery was Germany's western front. 482 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:25,620 With great secrecy, the giant 240mm Howitzer's, 483 00:33:26,290 --> 00:33:28,790 were towed at high speed across the highways, 484 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,450 which Hitler had built for just such purposes, 485 00:33:31,870 --> 00:33:33,830 and set in position around Warsaw. 486 00:33:35,870 --> 00:33:39,790 The huge gun subjected the city to a bombardment of incredible fury. 487 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:44,330 Their fire concentrated on the densely populated residential areas. 488 00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:51,080 [ Explosions ] 489 00:33:56,700 --> 00:33:58,910 For twenty days of death and horror, 490 00:33:59,290 --> 00:34:02,660 every man, woman, and child fought to save his city. 491 00:34:08,370 --> 00:34:13,199 [ Explosions ] 492 00:34:24,500 --> 00:34:26,000 But without food or water, 493 00:34:26,540 --> 00:34:28,250 human endurance failed. 494 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:30,790 On September the 27th, 495 00:34:31,199 --> 00:34:34,159 the strains of the Polonaise died on the Warsaw radio, 496 00:34:34,540 --> 00:34:36,949 and the Polish capital was forced to capitulate. 497 00:34:47,409 --> 00:34:50,750 Now all Polish resistance was at an end, except here, 498 00:34:51,159 --> 00:34:53,830 the Westerplatte of forts opposite Danzig. 499 00:34:54,500 --> 00:34:56,790 This small island of stubborn defiance 500 00:34:56,949 --> 00:35:00,290 had stood up under the fire of German warships from the first day. 501 00:35:01,250 --> 00:35:04,500 Its guns silenced, its forts shattered, 502 00:35:04,700 --> 00:35:06,660 it still refused to surrender. 503 00:35:07,040 --> 00:35:10,790 Even under point blank fire at eight hundred yards range. 504 00:35:11,500 --> 00:35:15,000 It was an exhibition of Polish valor that will go down in history. 505 00:35:15,750 --> 00:35:17,750 But militarily, it could not avail. 506 00:35:18,830 --> 00:35:22,330 On October the 1st, the garrison at last surrendered. 507 00:35:23,620 --> 00:35:26,120 Surrendered, to face the fate of these men. 508 00:35:26,910 --> 00:35:30,460 Polish prisoners being marched off to Nazi prison camps, 509 00:35:31,120 --> 00:35:32,830 and eventual extermination. 510 00:35:34,290 --> 00:35:36,790 For the Nazi master race theory calls 511 00:35:36,830 --> 00:35:40,410 for the complete wiping out of so called, inferior races. 512 00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:45,040 And in village after village, 513 00:35:45,540 --> 00:35:49,120 local Judases point out loyal Polish neighbors. 514 00:35:49,790 --> 00:35:56,950 [ Pitiful Music ] 515 00:35:57,410 --> 00:36:05,120 [ Gunfire ] 516 00:36:30,700 --> 00:36:33,080 These things, the Poles can never forget. 517 00:36:36,700 --> 00:36:39,210 Including another one of Hitler's famous promises. 518 00:36:40,580 --> 00:36:44,210 "Germany has concluded a non aggression pact with Poland. 519 00:36:44,250 --> 00:36:49,080 We shall adhere to it unconditionally." 520 00:36:49,160 --> 00:36:52,370 The world now knew, that a non-aggression pact with Hitler, 521 00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:54,080 was the kiss of death. 522 00:36:55,790 --> 00:37:01,160 [ Menacing Music ] 523 00:37:01,870 --> 00:37:04,040 Poland was completely destroyed. 524 00:37:04,660 --> 00:37:06,660 Completely? Not quite. 525 00:37:07,700 --> 00:37:09,790 During the last days of the campaign, the 526 00:37:09,830 --> 00:37:11,660 Russian army entered eastern Poland, 527 00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:13,790 and took up positions along the Bug River. 528 00:37:15,370 --> 00:37:18,200 The two strongest armies in Europe faced each other. 529 00:37:18,580 --> 00:37:19,950 Hitler could decide now, 530 00:37:20,080 --> 00:37:22,540 whether to keep on heading east, or call it quits. 531 00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:25,080 He called it quits. 532 00:37:26,040 --> 00:37:29,370 Why did Hitler quit here? He had to. 533 00:37:30,450 --> 00:37:32,160 To continue a drive to the east, 534 00:37:32,330 --> 00:37:36,250 would leave Germany facing the threat he had always sworn to avoid: 535 00:37:36,830 --> 00:37:38,200 a two front war. 536 00:37:39,290 --> 00:37:42,040 How he met that threat, you will see in the next film. 537 00:37:42,750 --> 00:37:45,080 What Hitler thought impossible was anything but. 538 00:37:46,620 --> 00:37:49,250 The day after Hitler crossed the Polish border, 539 00:37:49,660 --> 00:37:51,370 France called up her reserves. 540 00:37:52,500 --> 00:37:56,460 Within twenty-four hours, British planes had bombed German warships 541 00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:57,910 in the Kiel Canal. 542 00:38:06,910 --> 00:38:14,040 [ Explosions ] 543 00:38:19,450 --> 00:38:21,910 Britain, not merely the British government, 544 00:38:23,790 --> 00:38:26,040 but the British people had declared war. 545 00:38:26,500 --> 00:38:29,210 War on Hitler and everything he stood for. 546 00:38:29,950 --> 00:38:31,870 The democracies did have convictions 547 00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:35,450 for which people were willing to stake their lives. 548 00:38:35,790 --> 00:38:37,500 Unprepared, yes. 549 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:39,330 But that didn't matter. 550 00:38:39,660 --> 00:38:42,200 For they finally realized, that what was being threatened 551 00:38:42,790 --> 00:38:44,710 wasn't just the integrity of Poland, 552 00:38:45,200 --> 00:38:48,410 but the integrity of free men everywhere in the world. 553 00:38:50,580 --> 00:38:54,120 "What tragedies. What horrors. 554 00:38:54,870 --> 00:38:57,750 What crimes has Hitler, 555 00:38:58,410 --> 00:39:01,080 and all that Hitler stands for, 556 00:39:01,950 --> 00:39:04,200 brought upon Europe and the world. 557 00:39:05,700 --> 00:39:08,540 It is upon this foundation, 558 00:39:09,500 --> 00:39:13,250 that Hitler pretends to build out of hatred, 559 00:39:13,790 --> 00:39:15,910 a new order for Europe. 560 00:39:17,120 --> 00:39:18,910 But nothing is more certain, 561 00:39:19,790 --> 00:39:22,950 than that every trace of Hitler's footstep, 562 00:39:23,540 --> 00:39:28,040 every stain purged and if need be blasted, 563 00:39:29,080 --> 00:39:30,660 from the surface of the earth. 564 00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:33,710 Lift up your hearts, 565 00:39:34,540 --> 00:39:35,750 all will come right. 566 00:39:36,290 --> 00:39:38,370 Out of the depths of sorrow 567 00:39:38,620 --> 00:39:44,040 and of sacrifice will be born again, the glory of mankind." 568 00:39:45,870 --> 00:39:53,040 [ Evocative Music ] 43280

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