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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:01:06,280 --> 00:01:07,880 I could not have imagined... 2 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:10,440 becoming Cuba's... 3 00:01:11,920 --> 00:01:15,360 most important sex educator. 4 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:18,080 I mean the one recognized by the state. 5 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:21,240 That was absurd, impossible. 6 00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:25,840 Especially in Cuba, the stronghold of machismo. 7 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:27,800 That... 8 00:01:28,000 --> 00:01:30,080 like almost everything in my life... 9 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:32,480 was a huge coincidence. 10 00:02:08,640 --> 00:02:09,920 I was in love with her. 11 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:11,840 I thought she was the one... 12 00:02:12,040 --> 00:02:14,400 I was going to spend the rest of my life with. 13 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:19,320 Neither of us thought of the difficulties... 14 00:02:20,160 --> 00:02:23,880 in a marriage between a German and a Cuban. 15 00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:25,400 We were in love. 16 00:02:25,640 --> 00:02:27,560 We didn't think about all that. 17 00:02:32,320 --> 00:02:35,320 Rostock, Germany 18 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,560 It was the year the Berlin wall was built. 19 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,280 I was 20 years old, 20 00:02:57,800 --> 00:02:59,640 a third year student... 21 00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:03,440 in Latin-American Studies at Rostock University. 22 00:03:09,040 --> 00:03:12,400 That autumn I saw for the first time in my life... 23 00:03:12,640 --> 00:03:15,360 a film about events in Cuba. 24 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:26,960 When the film ended all the latinos... 25 00:03:27,520 --> 00:03:29,520 clapped their hands. 26 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:32,320 They applauded, jumped up screaming: 27 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:35,840 "Viva la revolución" and similar things. 28 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:38,480 I thought: "This is happening at the cinema?" 29 00:03:39,120 --> 00:03:43,160 "People get up, applaud, scream. Incredible!" 30 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:48,120 That was my first moving experience... 31 00:03:48,360 --> 00:03:51,240 of the spontaneity of Latin Americans. 32 00:03:53,480 --> 00:03:55,120 Boats from all over the world... 33 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:57,680 tie up on the docks of Rostock port. 34 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:06,240 Gifts donated... 35 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:08,360 by millions of families... 36 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,200 of our Republic to the Cuban people... 37 00:04:11,400 --> 00:04:13,960 arrived in Rostock and Wismar... 38 00:04:14,120 --> 00:04:16,680 to be shipped to Cuba. 39 00:04:17,600 --> 00:04:20,160 We students went from house to house... 40 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:22,880 explaining to the people what was happening... 41 00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:24,080 in Cuba. 42 00:04:24,200 --> 00:04:26,760 We collected money to buy... 43 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:28,600 books erasers and pencils... 44 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:34,000 in order to use them in the literacy campaign. 45 00:04:38,680 --> 00:04:42,240 Around the same time, in autumn 1961... 46 00:04:43,400 --> 00:04:45,200 I met my captain. 47 00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:49,520 This is the Sierra Maestra, 48 00:04:50,080 --> 00:04:51,600 the 10'000 ton freighter... 49 00:04:51,720 --> 00:04:54,920 that was built for Cuba at the Warnow shipyard. 50 00:05:00,840 --> 00:05:03,520 The Captain is 22 year old Jiménez Escobar. 51 00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:06,000 He commanded the ship on its maiden voyage... 52 00:05:06,160 --> 00:05:08,520 via Gdynia to Havana. 53 00:05:17,600 --> 00:05:19,680 Raúl Castro and other politicians... 54 00:05:19,880 --> 00:05:21,640 were the first ones to visit... 55 00:05:21,760 --> 00:05:24,320 the new ship of socialist Cuba's merchant marine. 56 00:05:31,160 --> 00:05:33,160 Son of the revolution... 57 00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:35,560 and the youngest ship's captain in the world. 58 00:05:36,120 --> 00:05:39,240 Here, that's me. Do you see how handsome I was? 59 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,240 These are 2 photographs I sent to Monika... 60 00:05:45,600 --> 00:05:48,320 on December 23 rd 1961. 61 00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:53,640 The day we raised the flag... 62 00:05:53,840 --> 00:05:56,240 of the Sierra Maestra at Warnemünde. 63 00:05:56,960 --> 00:05:58,320 She writes: 64 00:05:58,840 --> 00:06:00,880 Nobody can love you as I do. 65 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:02,520 Monika. 66 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:05,760 It's dated January 5 th 1962. 67 00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:20,200 My heart is not big enough... 68 00:06:20,480 --> 00:06:23,280 to hold all the love I feel for you. 69 00:06:24,960 --> 00:06:27,360 December 23 rd 1961. 70 00:06:29,800 --> 00:06:32,440 In the other one I write: Never forget me. 71 00:06:32,880 --> 00:06:34,760 I'll always think of you. 72 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:39,080 The date is the same: December 23 rd, 1961. 73 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:49,720 How time has passed! 74 00:07:40,280 --> 00:07:41,880 It was your wish to stop here... 75 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:43,400 at the beach of Jibacoa. 76 00:07:43,880 --> 00:07:45,440 When did we come here last? 77 00:07:46,280 --> 00:07:47,760 Twenty years ago. 78 00:07:52,440 --> 00:07:54,240 I haven't been here since. 79 00:08:03,240 --> 00:08:04,840 - Here again. - Yes. 80 00:08:06,600 --> 00:08:08,840 Welcome to the tropics. 81 00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:11,920 Get some sun. 82 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:14,120 You'll return nicely tanned... 83 00:08:14,280 --> 00:08:15,720 and your workmates will envy you. 84 00:08:15,880 --> 00:08:18,400 Exactly. They hate me for taking a vacation now. 85 00:08:18,560 --> 00:08:19,560 Of course. 86 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:24,000 Next year mum will celebrate her 65 th birthday. 87 00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:26,640 - So on this trip... - 65 years... 88 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:30,120 I'd like to find traces of her. 89 00:08:30,760 --> 00:08:32,360 She doesn't have roots here, 90 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:34,560 but she left traces here in Cuba. 91 00:08:36,280 --> 00:08:38,440 - There are many. - Yes. 92 00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:41,120 - You won't have enough time. - Yes. 93 00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:44,360 - She's writing a new book. - She told me. 94 00:08:44,880 --> 00:08:46,480 Yes, she told me... 95 00:08:46,600 --> 00:08:48,520 after her trip to Miami. 96 00:08:50,200 --> 00:08:51,680 Here are... 97 00:08:53,760 --> 00:08:56,160 the first pages... in German. 98 00:08:58,320 --> 00:08:59,720 Machismo, no thank you. 99 00:09:35,720 --> 00:09:38,440 Look at this little texan hat you have now! 100 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:41,000 - Sombrero. - Sombrero. 101 00:09:41,160 --> 00:09:42,320 From Salt Lake City. 102 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:58,760 The boat was moored here. 103 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:01,640 A day after the wedding... 104 00:10:02,280 --> 00:10:04,000 we set sail. 105 00:10:05,480 --> 00:10:07,200 I hadn't had time yet... 106 00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:08,520 to think about it. 107 00:10:08,680 --> 00:10:10,080 It was all too quick. 108 00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:12,280 First the permission to get married, 109 00:10:12,400 --> 00:10:15,440 which I only got 3 days earlier, 110 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:18,560 and the permission to leave the country. 111 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:21,560 Well yes, then it was all terribly fast. 112 00:10:22,120 --> 00:10:24,680 Wedding and the day after the departure, 113 00:10:26,120 --> 00:10:27,720 to say farewell... 114 00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:31,080 to dad, mom, siblings, 115 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:33,600 friends, acquaintances, university. 116 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:36,360 It was completely crazy. 117 00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:39,640 There I was with my little suitcase, 118 00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:40,800 with some books, 119 00:10:41,840 --> 00:10:43,840 some wedding gifts... 120 00:10:44,360 --> 00:10:45,920 that were handy: 121 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:48,960 towels and things like that. 122 00:10:50,000 --> 00:10:51,400 And off we went. 123 00:10:52,240 --> 00:10:53,840 And I think there was... 124 00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:58,200 the enthusiasm and the certainty... 125 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:01,560 that I would come to a country... 126 00:11:01,760 --> 00:11:03,800 where there had been a revolution... 127 00:11:04,120 --> 00:11:07,560 that was supposed to change everything. 128 00:11:10,280 --> 00:11:13,040 And that I was somehow... 129 00:11:13,240 --> 00:11:14,640 to be part of all that. 130 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:17,200 That certainty was already there, 131 00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:18,720 I had it already. 132 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:25,640 And somehow it gave me the strength... 133 00:11:26,280 --> 00:11:28,720 not to think too much about... 134 00:11:28,880 --> 00:11:30,480 the things I had sacrificed... 135 00:11:30,640 --> 00:11:32,360 left behind, 136 00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:36,200 or dropped out of. 137 00:11:43,680 --> 00:11:47,880 The woman has a fundamental task. 138 00:11:51,600 --> 00:11:54,320 To win a historical battle. 139 00:11:56,880 --> 00:11:58,800 And what is this task about? 140 00:12:02,840 --> 00:12:04,840 What is that battle about? 141 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:09,600 Can you tell me? 142 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:14,160 To fight... 143 00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:18,360 for women's emancipation! 144 00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:22,320 The fight for the complete integration... 145 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:26,560 of the Cuban woman into society. 146 00:12:30,480 --> 00:12:32,200 I had heard a lot... 147 00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:33,640 about the revolution... 148 00:12:34,520 --> 00:12:37,080 and the women who participated in the revolution. 149 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:39,560 I had seen pictures... 150 00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:42,400 I had seen movies... 151 00:12:42,600 --> 00:12:44,960 where men and women were equally engaged. 152 00:12:45,960 --> 00:12:48,360 But the reality was completely different. 153 00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:52,560 During my first days in Cuba... 154 00:12:53,040 --> 00:12:55,760 I realized there were two worlds. 155 00:12:56,080 --> 00:12:58,560 the world of men and the world of women. 156 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,880 The cuban woman has shown real interest... 157 00:13:10,520 --> 00:13:12,040 in increasing her charms. 158 00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:14,400 Nature has given her the gift... 159 00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:16,880 of a perfect skin and beautiful hair. 160 00:13:20,400 --> 00:13:22,040 The first thing that struck me... 161 00:13:22,600 --> 00:13:25,520 when I came to Havana... 162 00:13:25,840 --> 00:13:28,400 was the way the women presented themselves. 163 00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:32,520 Young women had sweeping manes, all long hair. 164 00:13:33,080 --> 00:13:34,880 They had very long fingernails... 165 00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:36,240 that were painted red. 166 00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:38,520 They had heels that were that high. 167 00:13:38,800 --> 00:13:42,200 They had skintight skirts and blouses... 168 00:13:42,520 --> 00:13:44,840 that revealed more of their anatomy... 169 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:46,360 than if they were naked. 170 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:52,720 And I was wearing a pleated skirt... 171 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:56,520 and a shirt and I had short hair. 172 00:13:56,640 --> 00:13:58,000 I didn't have earrings, 173 00:13:58,120 --> 00:14:00,000 I didn't have long fingernails, 174 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:01,640 let alone painted ones. 175 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:04,280 I didn't wear high heels, I wore sandals. 176 00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:07,040 So I was a caricature for the Cubans. 177 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:36,920 While the listeners are calling us... 178 00:14:37,040 --> 00:14:41,480 and since we're approaching the end of the year... 179 00:14:41,680 --> 00:14:44,160 let's do a little bit of history... 180 00:14:44,360 --> 00:14:47,160 about this section... 181 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:48,840 of our programme visión. 182 00:14:50,160 --> 00:14:52,280 We are talking about sexuality, 183 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:55,120 today in reference to machismo. 184 00:14:55,320 --> 00:14:57,320 I'm sitting here with someone... 185 00:14:57,520 --> 00:14:59,840 who is very important in this respect. 186 00:15:00,280 --> 00:15:02,400 I'm talking about Daniel Jiménez Krause, 187 00:15:02,480 --> 00:15:05,720 son of the sexologist Monika Krause. 188 00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:07,800 As you know, your mother initiated... 189 00:15:08,040 --> 00:15:09,840 the phone-in section of our programme... 190 00:15:10,040 --> 00:15:12,360 What do you remember? 191 00:15:12,840 --> 00:15:15,400 I remember in 1989-1990... 192 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:17,760 on Thursdays at 1 pm... 193 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:22,680 all the radios in my workplace were tuned in! 194 00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:25,120 And all my co-workers would say: 195 00:15:25,320 --> 00:15:27,560 'Your mother is talking about it again! 196 00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:30,520 And I would say: 'And you are listening to it!' 197 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:32,400 That was very important! 198 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:35,160 People were still trying to censor Monika, but... 199 00:15:35,400 --> 00:15:37,200 at the same time they listened very attentively. 200 00:15:38,040 --> 00:15:39,320 Everybody was still... 201 00:15:39,520 --> 00:15:41,760 very shy and prudish about the subject. 202 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:44,800 Are people more relaxed... 203 00:15:45,200 --> 00:15:48,240 with this subject today than 15 years ago? 204 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:50,320 Well, our director, Luis Ríos Vegas, 205 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:51,760 is here to answer! 206 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:56,800 20 years ago it wasn't the same. 207 00:15:56,920 --> 00:15:58,800 We began with an important phone-in section... 208 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:01,360 for sex education. 209 00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:03,600 This is national radio, 210 00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:05,560 it was not merely a local matter! 211 00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:08,720 We think the questions of yesterday... 212 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:10,240 were different. 213 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:11,800 Before, people called... 214 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:14,000 but they wouldn't give their names... 215 00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:15,600 for fear of being recognized. 216 00:16:15,800 --> 00:16:18,320 Today the questions are very strong... 217 00:16:18,520 --> 00:16:21,640 considering we broadcast them, 218 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:23,960 I think currently... 219 00:16:24,880 --> 00:16:27,440 this programme is very important for the public. 220 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,120 It was a pleasure having you here, Daniel, 221 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:32,520 and I invite you to stay on for a while... 222 00:16:32,680 --> 00:16:34,160 so that you can hear... 223 00:16:34,320 --> 00:16:37,320 what kind of questions people ask nowadays. 224 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:38,680 With pleasure, thank you! 225 00:16:38,960 --> 00:16:41,520 Let's move on together, you're tuned into "visión". 226 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:57,120 Initially Monika was not interested... 227 00:16:57,240 --> 00:16:58,560 in the subject of sexuality. 228 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:01,000 She began to show interest in the subject... 229 00:17:01,160 --> 00:17:03,080 when she took... 230 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,800 the first steps in this job. 231 00:17:07,320 --> 00:17:09,280 Which were to initiate small changes... 232 00:17:09,440 --> 00:17:12,040 in the habits of our macho society. 233 00:17:25,880 --> 00:17:27,160 Even though I was married... 234 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:29,880 and was expecting my first child... 235 00:17:30,560 --> 00:17:32,840 I hardly knew the facts of life. 236 00:17:33,800 --> 00:17:37,960 And I learned only slowly about all the secrets... 237 00:17:38,120 --> 00:17:40,120 that were concealed from me... 238 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:43,600 when I wished for that information... 239 00:17:44,120 --> 00:17:46,400 and would have needed it. 240 00:17:57,560 --> 00:18:00,600 I discovered the subject thanks to Vilma Espín, 241 00:18:01,560 --> 00:18:05,000 the president of the women's federation... 242 00:18:05,760 --> 00:18:07,160 of that time. 243 00:18:07,440 --> 00:18:09,840 She had asked me... 244 00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:12,040 to come up with suggestions... 245 00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:15,000 for a project on sex education. 246 00:18:23,920 --> 00:18:25,360 Today, 247 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:27,520 and on this solemn occasion... 248 00:18:27,840 --> 00:18:30,120 that is so important for us all... 249 00:18:30,640 --> 00:18:32,200 we want to reiterate... 250 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:35,880 to the party, the government, to Fidel... 251 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:38,080 that the Cuban woman... 252 00:18:38,200 --> 00:18:41,400 is worthy of the trust placed in her... 253 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:45,880 and will overcome all obstacles... 254 00:18:46,520 --> 00:18:48,320 to fulfill her mission... 255 00:18:48,640 --> 00:18:50,640 as the creator of the new life. 256 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:53,120 Nation or death we will overcome! 257 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:58,680 I considered Vilma to be a very courageous... 258 00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:01,040 and important woman for the whole country. 259 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:03,880 She's Fidel's sister-in-law, 260 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:06,840 the wife of Raúl Castro, 261 00:19:07,520 --> 00:19:09,400 the minister of defence. 262 00:19:11,120 --> 00:19:14,600 Someone had told Vilma about me. 263 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:16,160 I don't know how, 264 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:18,600 but one day I got a call. 265 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:20,400 I should go for an interview... 266 00:19:20,600 --> 00:19:22,680 if I wanted to work with her. 267 00:19:23,600 --> 00:19:27,360 And all of a sudden I learned... 268 00:19:27,920 --> 00:19:29,280 that she would be my boss. 269 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:31,720 That was something very special to me. 270 00:19:31,960 --> 00:19:35,480 That was very, very important and great. 271 00:19:37,080 --> 00:19:39,120 So I got this fantastic job, 272 00:19:39,840 --> 00:19:42,920 Suddenly I was in a completely different sphere, 273 00:19:43,320 --> 00:19:46,400 on a completely different level. 274 00:19:57,880 --> 00:19:59,560 This was the first one, 275 00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:00,960 this the second one, 276 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:03,480 the third, 277 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:10,560 the fourth. 278 00:20:11,040 --> 00:20:14,560 The first big, huge task I had to accomplish... 279 00:20:15,080 --> 00:20:18,280 was to get literature about sexuality. 280 00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:23,080 In Cuba you couldn't find anything at all... 281 00:20:23,280 --> 00:20:24,680 on this topic. 282 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:28,360 So there was a huge gap to be filled. 283 00:20:29,800 --> 00:20:31,160 The first book... 284 00:20:31,400 --> 00:20:34,800 that was published in Cuba then was this one. 285 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:37,160 And this book caused a furore. 286 00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:40,480 A revolution within the Revolution. 287 00:20:42,800 --> 00:20:46,520 There are some specials in this book. 288 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:50,320 as I would call it because there are positions... 289 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:53,320 sketched with little dots. 290 00:20:53,520 --> 00:20:56,240 You have to imagine more than you see. 291 00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:59,720 But it was meant to be prohibited anyway. 292 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:02,000 The book was stolen. 293 00:21:03,000 --> 00:21:07,000 We lost a whole bunch of copies of this book... 294 00:21:07,920 --> 00:21:10,720 because they disappeared from the printers... 295 00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:14,440 and were sold in the central Park of Havana. 296 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:17,200 There was not a single Cuban household... 297 00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:19,400 without the book. 298 00:21:19,640 --> 00:21:22,320 It was everywhere, in the whole country.... 299 00:21:22,560 --> 00:21:25,960 from east to west, from north to south. 300 00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:28,760 The book could be found everywhere in Cuba. 301 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:28,960 My life would have been hell... 302 00:22:29,120 --> 00:22:30,880 if all my friends had known... 303 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:37,280 that I was the son of this weird German woman... 304 00:22:37,920 --> 00:22:39,800 who talks about sex. 305 00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:44,880 Sex, sex, sex. 306 00:22:45,560 --> 00:22:46,920 Sexuality. 307 00:22:48,200 --> 00:22:50,040 And here are all these "sex books". 308 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:56,240 This one is interesting for me, it was a bestseller. 309 00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:03,560 You can see me on the cover. 310 00:23:04,120 --> 00:23:07,600 Of course, in school I had to fight a little... 311 00:23:08,120 --> 00:23:11,160 with all the others who would make fun of me. 312 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:14,160 'Here he comes, the one on the cover!' 313 00:23:14,400 --> 00:23:16,280 'Of the sex book!' 314 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:22,440 As if I had been on the cover of Playgirl Magazine. 315 00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:44,280 In Cuba, since the beginning... 316 00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:45,800 of the revolution in 1959... 317 00:23:48,120 --> 00:23:50,200 incredible changes were happening. 318 00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:53,800 Before the women were used to staying at home. 319 00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:57,280 All of a sudden... 320 00:23:57,840 --> 00:24:00,280 hordes of women... 321 00:24:01,480 --> 00:24:03,200 went to work. 322 00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:07,160 Meanwhile their kids stayed in nursery schools. 323 00:24:07,440 --> 00:24:09,880 That was new in Cuban history. 324 00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:14,600 There were also boarding schools... 325 00:24:15,200 --> 00:24:18,360 and almost 100 per cent... 326 00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:20,680 of the Cuban adolescents went there... 327 00:24:21,120 --> 00:24:23,680 spending the whole week in school. 328 00:24:25,640 --> 00:24:28,280 Each school had a big plantation. 329 00:24:30,160 --> 00:24:32,120 Tropical ambience, 330 00:24:33,240 --> 00:24:34,160 the plantations, 331 00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:37,360 the scent of orange trees in blossom 332 00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:40,160 makes you high. 333 00:24:40,680 --> 00:24:42,840 And those young people... 334 00:24:43,320 --> 00:24:45,720 driven crazy by their hormones, 335 00:24:46,560 --> 00:24:48,200 imagine that! 336 00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:51,800 Adolescents, boys and girls together, 337 00:24:52,360 --> 00:24:55,640 dynamite and fire in one building. 338 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,320 and they did not want to understand... 339 00:24:58,480 --> 00:25:00,200 that this had to explode! 340 00:25:19,760 --> 00:25:23,080 The number of teenagers who got pregnant... 341 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:26,000 increased hugely. 342 00:25:30,600 --> 00:25:32,240 Each year thousands of girls... 343 00:25:32,360 --> 00:25:34,280 had to leave school... 344 00:25:34,440 --> 00:25:37,480 either because they had gotten pregnant... 345 00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:42,000 or because they had obviously broken the rules. 346 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:44,360 And to the boys nobody said anything. 347 00:25:44,600 --> 00:25:48,000 Kids had kids and kids raised kids. 348 00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:49,800 That was unsustainable... 349 00:25:49,960 --> 00:25:54,760 and couldn't be allowed to continue. 350 00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:57,760 - How old are you? - 17. 351 00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:00,280 - How many months pregnant are you? - 3. 352 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:02,480 What did you do before? Study? 353 00:26:02,600 --> 00:26:04,520 - Study. - And now? 354 00:26:04,720 --> 00:26:05,680 No, not anymore. 355 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:07,640 - How old are you? - 15. 356 00:26:08,120 --> 00:26:09,840 How many months pregnant are you? 357 00:26:09,960 --> 00:26:10,920 2 and a half. 358 00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:13,960 Did you study before or what did you do? 359 00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:16,160 - I studied. - And now? 360 00:26:16,600 --> 00:26:17,640 I'm not studying. 361 00:26:19,080 --> 00:26:20,200 Teenage pregnancies... 362 00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:23,080 are a problem for the development of our society. 363 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:25,240 But let's not blame the young ones... 364 00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:27,680 If we didn't prepare them properly. 365 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:47,880 The problem of teenage pregnancies... 366 00:26:48,080 --> 00:26:50,760 was one situation, 367 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,920 in which under the direction of Vilma... 368 00:26:55,040 --> 00:26:57,920 the need for sex education... 369 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:00,480 became obvious. 370 00:27:02,960 --> 00:27:05,320 It was the first time in the history of Cuba... 371 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:08,800 that the expression "sex education"... 372 00:27:09,720 --> 00:27:10,760 appeared. 373 00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:12,680 In the press, 374 00:27:13,360 --> 00:27:15,680 on the radio, on television. 375 00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:26,360 Scientific Consultancy: 376 00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:28,680 Dr. Monika Krause Peters 377 00:27:33,520 --> 00:27:36,560 Us and Love 378 00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:39,600 Monika, what can we do to avoid a pregnancy? 379 00:27:40,200 --> 00:27:42,960 Monika, I'd like to know if contraceptives... 380 00:27:43,400 --> 00:27:46,200 help us to have relations earlier, 381 00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:48,560 faster, if you know what I mean. 382 00:27:50,280 --> 00:27:53,560 Can your first sexual relation end in pregnancy? 383 00:27:53,840 --> 00:27:55,520 Can you become pregnant... 384 00:27:55,720 --> 00:27:57,360 without sexual relations? 385 00:27:57,960 --> 00:28:00,920 I was told there was virgin pregnancy. 386 00:28:01,760 --> 00:28:02,800 Is this true? 387 00:28:05,080 --> 00:28:06,640 Is it a deviation... 388 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:08,440 when a couple... 389 00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:10,000 - neighbours - 390 00:28:10,360 --> 00:28:12,400 throw things at each other and beat each other? 391 00:28:18,280 --> 00:28:21,320 What are the causes of homosexuality, 392 00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:23,120 not only in capitalism... 393 00:28:23,280 --> 00:28:24,720 but also in socialism? 394 00:28:24,960 --> 00:28:26,960 Is it considered an immorality... 395 00:28:27,160 --> 00:28:29,160 in our socialist society... 396 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,520 to have sex before marriage? 397 00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:33,760 Incredible. 398 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:36,480 Can you only have a child... 399 00:28:36,600 --> 00:28:38,680 through sexual relations... 400 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:40,560 or are there other causes? 401 00:28:41,640 --> 00:28:43,120 Well, there are also storks! 402 00:28:44,720 --> 00:28:46,560 And so on. It's quite interesting. 403 00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:56,440 That's how questions can give you... 404 00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:01,440 a snapshot of a society. 405 00:29:12,040 --> 00:29:14,760 In our first programme... 406 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:17,640 we concluded... 407 00:29:18,040 --> 00:29:20,200 after the professor explained to us, 408 00:29:20,520 --> 00:29:22,320 that the best method... 409 00:29:22,640 --> 00:29:25,400 is to postpone sexual relations... 410 00:29:26,400 --> 00:29:27,920 and not begin so young. 411 00:29:28,200 --> 00:29:29,920 And to respond to these concerns... 412 00:29:30,120 --> 00:29:32,920 we have here Professor Alvarez Lajonchère. 413 00:29:34,960 --> 00:29:37,480 Professor, you are aware, 414 00:29:37,680 --> 00:29:41,600 men are not inclined to use condoms. 415 00:29:42,480 --> 00:29:44,400 How can we be more convincing... 416 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,280 in addressing this problem? 417 00:29:47,240 --> 00:29:49,080 Well, in fact it is more convenient, 418 00:29:49,280 --> 00:29:50,400 within inverted commas, 419 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:52,920 if the woman deals with this problem. 420 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:17,200 Doctor, 421 00:30:17,720 --> 00:30:20,840 I do not know what a diaphragm is. 422 00:30:21,200 --> 00:30:24,400 Could you show us one and explain its use? 423 00:30:25,400 --> 00:30:29,240 The diaphragm is inserted into the vagina, 424 00:30:29,400 --> 00:30:32,600 the woman herself inserts it into her vagina... 425 00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:36,160 and it practically... closes... 426 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:37,840 the path... 427 00:30:38,080 --> 00:30:42,200 between the vagina and the neck of the uterus. 428 00:30:43,400 --> 00:30:45,000 After using it... 429 00:30:45,280 --> 00:30:46,680 she should wash it... 430 00:30:46,840 --> 00:30:48,880 with abundant water and soap, 431 00:30:49,880 --> 00:30:51,440 dry it with a towel, 432 00:30:51,800 --> 00:30:53,440 place it between soft tissues... 433 00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:55,800 and keep it protected in its box... 434 00:30:56,640 --> 00:30:58,200 in the fridge. 435 00:30:58,680 --> 00:31:02,160 It was a job that developed very quickly. 436 00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:04,320 Initially everyone had doubts... 437 00:31:04,520 --> 00:31:07,080 as to how it was going to work out. 438 00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:12,160 But it became a very successful programme. 439 00:31:12,720 --> 00:31:13,920 She went to boarding schools, 440 00:31:14,120 --> 00:31:15,280 to the schools where... 441 00:31:15,480 --> 00:31:17,320 the youth live permanently, 442 00:31:17,440 --> 00:31:18,800 She went to the university, 443 00:31:19,120 --> 00:31:20,920 to talk to the students, 444 00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:23,760 for whom it was a new thing, 445 00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:25,640 even a little intimidating: 446 00:31:25,760 --> 00:31:27,840 Who is this German woman, this stranger, 447 00:31:28,080 --> 00:31:30,280 asking questions about sex? 448 00:31:30,400 --> 00:31:33,200 Well, still in a very ingenous manner. 449 00:31:33,360 --> 00:31:35,400 We are talking about some 20 years ago... 450 00:31:36,200 --> 00:31:38,360 but little by little she attracted their attention, 451 00:31:38,520 --> 00:31:40,480 because she is a very modest person... 452 00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:43,080 who put herself at the same level as them. 453 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:44,520 She won their confidence... 454 00:31:44,720 --> 00:31:46,720 and established an important relationship... 455 00:31:46,840 --> 00:31:48,320 with the students. 456 00:31:50,040 --> 00:31:51,360 Some did it like this... 457 00:31:53,080 --> 00:31:54,120 as a joke. 458 00:31:54,960 --> 00:31:56,320 Because they didn't know... 459 00:31:56,440 --> 00:31:58,320 how to fit it in between their legs. 460 00:31:58,480 --> 00:32:00,160 They thought it was way too big. 461 00:32:00,920 --> 00:32:01,880 How horrible... 462 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:04,400 to put a thing like that into your body. 463 00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:06,640 Then there was... 464 00:32:09,720 --> 00:32:13,520 this timidity that was all over the place... 465 00:32:14,040 --> 00:32:16,160 not only timidity but also prejudice... 466 00:32:16,280 --> 00:32:18,360 that a woman isn't allowed to touch herself. 467 00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:21,000 I told them: 'Men are allowed to touch you, 468 00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:23,880 but you don't know your own body, 469 00:32:24,400 --> 00:32:26,160 you don't know... 470 00:32:27,280 --> 00:32:31,040 what the parts that your men touch look like. 471 00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:34,200 Isn't that somehow absurd? 472 00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:36,960 They laughed uncomfortably. 473 00:32:39,320 --> 00:32:40,600 Many were ashamed. 474 00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:46,360 They felt uneasy about the way I talked about it. 475 00:33:35,640 --> 00:33:37,720 - Do you remember this book? - Of course. 476 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:39,480 "Do you think of love?" I've got it! 477 00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:40,800 - You've got it? - Sure. 478 00:33:40,920 --> 00:33:42,840 And this is not the original cover. 479 00:33:43,360 --> 00:33:45,280 - It was red. - The second edition. 480 00:33:45,480 --> 00:33:47,280 Yes, the second one. 481 00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:51,000 Can I ask you a question? 482 00:33:51,640 --> 00:33:54,280 - One has to cooperate. - Let's see. 483 00:33:57,080 --> 00:33:58,320 Remember this? 484 00:33:59,320 --> 00:34:01,840 - No. - He doesn't. And you? 485 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:06,360 Let me look for the page. 486 00:34:08,840 --> 00:34:11,280 That was my Playboy magazine... 487 00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,880 when I was about 12. 488 00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:15,320 It was my mother's. 489 00:34:15,520 --> 00:34:17,360 I used to take it to the bathroom. 490 00:34:17,480 --> 00:34:19,120 Hey, what are you doing here? 491 00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:21,440 You are nosy! 492 00:34:21,720 --> 00:34:23,200 This was my Playboy. 493 00:34:23,360 --> 00:34:25,480 There was no porn here. 494 00:34:25,640 --> 00:34:28,160 My mother read the book and I took this picture. 495 00:34:28,920 --> 00:34:31,520 - How old were you then? - About 11. 496 00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:34,680 Oh, this was the best one for me! 497 00:34:35,960 --> 00:34:38,880 This one was pure Japanese manga for me! 498 00:34:41,480 --> 00:34:43,200 At eleven... 499 00:34:44,240 --> 00:34:46,000 There wasn't anything else to see. 500 00:34:46,160 --> 00:34:48,280 The only tits I had seen when I was 11... 501 00:34:48,440 --> 00:34:50,320 were my mom's and the ones in here. 502 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:52,440 I hadn't seen any others. 503 00:34:53,720 --> 00:34:55,000 And my mother's, no way! 504 00:34:55,160 --> 00:34:56,800 At least I'm not that weird. 505 00:35:29,280 --> 00:35:31,040 In this book that I read... 506 00:35:31,960 --> 00:35:33,400 I learnt a lot. 507 00:35:33,560 --> 00:35:35,400 You have to find a woman's clitoris. 508 00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:39,040 There are women with clitoral sensitivity... 509 00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:41,640 and women with vaginal sensitivity. 510 00:35:41,960 --> 00:35:44,000 Those who are sensitive at the vagina... 511 00:35:44,160 --> 00:35:46,920 you can satisfy with the penis. 512 00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:50,400 But those with clitoral sensitivity... 513 00:35:50,600 --> 00:35:52,320 need to be touched on the clitoris. 514 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:54,160 It's not easy to find... 515 00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:55,800 a woman's clitoris if it's small. 516 00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:57,920 You need to look for it... 517 00:35:58,040 --> 00:36:01,560 or find the right position to touch it. 518 00:36:05,960 --> 00:36:07,680 Is there a sensitive spot... 519 00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:09,520 that depending on the person... 520 00:36:09,880 --> 00:36:11,400 can make her lose her mind? 521 00:36:14,160 --> 00:36:16,000 The weak spot, where is it? 522 00:36:16,160 --> 00:36:18,120 Whose? The man's or the woman's? 523 00:36:19,120 --> 00:36:21,040 The questions are from both... 524 00:36:21,280 --> 00:36:23,120 men and women. 525 00:36:23,840 --> 00:36:24,880 It's not defined. 526 00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:27,640 The sensitive spot? Imagine where could it be? 527 00:36:27,960 --> 00:36:29,600 Where could it be? 528 00:36:30,840 --> 00:36:32,920 The weak spot? 529 00:37:09,600 --> 00:37:11,880 Do any of you remember this book? 530 00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:14,000 'Are you thinking of love'? 531 00:37:14,800 --> 00:37:16,480 Yes, I do but I was very young. 532 00:37:19,880 --> 00:37:22,560 - I was only 10 years old. - I was 4. 533 00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:25,720 I wasn't even born yet. 534 00:37:25,920 --> 00:37:27,520 - Really? - It's true. 535 00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:29,400 I'm 18. 536 00:37:29,960 --> 00:37:32,520 There are always girls who say... 537 00:37:32,720 --> 00:37:35,520 'treat men mean to keep them keen'.... 538 00:37:35,720 --> 00:37:37,400 even if they are good to us. 539 00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:40,280 The macho man says: I'm the man... 540 00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:41,920 and you are the woman. 541 00:37:42,120 --> 00:37:43,960 and you have to do this and that. 542 00:37:44,120 --> 00:37:45,800 They take advantage of us and come home... 543 00:37:45,920 --> 00:37:48,000 at one, two, three o'clock in the morning. 544 00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:50,560 And you? At home, enslaved! 545 00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:52,480 But if you revolt and tell him: 546 00:37:52,640 --> 00:37:56,880 'Get out it's finished' and this and that... 547 00:37:57,120 --> 00:37:58,320 they say: 'Ay mammy, 548 00:37:58,560 --> 00:37:59,760 don't throw me out, my love!' 549 00:37:59,960 --> 00:38:01,800 And they wash, clean and do the dishes, 550 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:03,600 they do everything for you. 551 00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,240 They're as good as ever. 552 00:38:05,440 --> 00:38:07,040 It's like this, it's so true! 553 00:38:07,520 --> 00:38:09,520 Me? I'm relaxed, independent. 554 00:38:11,400 --> 00:38:12,760 This one is good. 555 00:38:13,400 --> 00:38:17,360 Is it still necessary for a woman... 556 00:38:18,160 --> 00:38:20,560 to be a virgin before marriage? 557 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:24,400 That was the time when men... 558 00:38:24,640 --> 00:38:26,680 expected to marry virgins. 559 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:28,480 Yes, at that time. 560 00:38:28,880 --> 00:38:30,920 It was common, 561 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:34,240 and considered decent. 562 00:38:34,480 --> 00:38:36,880 A woman married as a virgin... 563 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:39,600 and her husband was the first man she ever had. 564 00:38:40,120 --> 00:38:41,360 Nowadays no. 565 00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:43,360 Nowadays some girls... 566 00:38:43,600 --> 00:38:45,680 might be virgins before they marry... 567 00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:47,280 but there are very few. 568 00:38:47,400 --> 00:38:49,000 The exceptions, you know. 569 00:38:49,320 --> 00:38:52,120 In the old day yes, but nowadays no! 570 00:38:52,400 --> 00:38:55,200 Today I think they're not virgins anymore at 15! 571 00:39:10,440 --> 00:39:12,600 Would you marry a girl who's not a virgin? 572 00:39:12,880 --> 00:39:15,440 I would be with her but I would never marry her. 573 00:39:16,440 --> 00:39:18,440 It's better to take 'new material'... 574 00:39:18,560 --> 00:39:21,120 with the gift-wrapping and all that. 575 00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:22,720 I don't understand why... 576 00:39:22,920 --> 00:39:25,280 they talk about girls as if they were bicycles. 577 00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:27,080 For me a woman is like a new car. 578 00:39:27,320 --> 00:39:29,160 it's the most beautiful thing. 579 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:31,840 They talk about women... 580 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:34,640 as if they were a commercial product. 581 00:39:35,120 --> 00:39:37,920 This is a very bourgeois, 582 00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:40,600 a very capitalist concept. 583 00:39:40,760 --> 00:39:42,200 They simply see a woman... 584 00:39:42,400 --> 00:39:44,320 as a disposable product for men... 585 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:46,160 for their personal use. 586 00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:48,720 They don't see her as a companion for life, 587 00:39:48,840 --> 00:39:50,920 as somebody to share also difficult times with. 588 00:39:51,120 --> 00:39:52,560 but only for their pleasure. 589 00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:54,120 Did your parents prepare you... 590 00:39:54,320 --> 00:39:55,840 for this kind of relationship? - No. 591 00:39:56,040 --> 00:39:57,400 Who did? 592 00:39:57,760 --> 00:39:59,680 Honestly, it was him who educated me. 593 00:39:59,840 --> 00:40:01,280 - Who is him? - Angelito. 594 00:40:01,640 --> 00:40:03,320 I always asked him... 595 00:40:03,560 --> 00:40:06,280 because I was very ingenuous. 596 00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:08,400 It was really embarrassing... 597 00:40:08,560 --> 00:40:10,440 because I really didn't have a clue. 598 00:40:10,600 --> 00:40:12,920 But he taught me everything. 599 00:40:13,040 --> 00:40:15,040 So your parents didn't talk about it? 600 00:40:15,200 --> 00:40:16,840 No, they didn't at all. 601 00:40:17,240 --> 00:40:18,800 How about you Angelito? 602 00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:20,200 Well, my father did. 603 00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:22,640 and of course one also learns in the street... 604 00:40:56,840 --> 00:40:58,800 In position number 8 of the charts 'Los Van Van'... 605 00:40:58,960 --> 00:41:00,720 playing Juan Formell's 'chapeando'. 606 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:02,720 Many listeners have already phoned in... 607 00:41:02,920 --> 00:41:04,840 to talk to us about 'machismo'. 608 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:06,600 Let's listen to the next one. 609 00:41:07,400 --> 00:41:09,840 I'd like to tell you how I experience... 610 00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:14,120 the negative effects of machismo. 611 00:41:14,400 --> 00:41:16,960 Here in my house in the center of Havana... 612 00:41:17,080 --> 00:41:21,280 I live with my stepfather who is a little, 613 00:41:21,520 --> 00:41:24,320 or let's say very, very macho. 614 00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:26,960 He keeps telling me... 615 00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:30,560 'you are gay, you are gay, you are gay.' 616 00:41:31,560 --> 00:41:33,720 He will never change, because... 617 00:41:34,080 --> 00:41:35,160 he is like that, a real 'machista'. 618 00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:37,800 Goodbye from the center of Havana. It's Ernesto. 619 00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:50,080 Welcome to the island! 620 00:41:50,600 --> 00:41:52,560 You arrived very fast. 621 00:41:52,720 --> 00:41:55,200 - Fast? - Yes, you got out of the airport fast. 622 00:41:55,360 --> 00:41:56,480 - Tired. - Really? 623 00:41:56,720 --> 00:41:58,400 You smell like a monkey. 624 00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:00,560 You too! 625 00:42:06,800 --> 00:42:07,800 Watch out. 626 00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:09,280 Don't let the dogs out. 627 00:42:12,680 --> 00:42:13,800 You have very little luggage! 628 00:42:22,720 --> 00:42:25,200 There are some trees missing here. 629 00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:30,240 The cyclone blew some away. 630 00:42:30,440 --> 00:42:32,840 But the avocado tree is still here. 631 00:42:32,960 --> 00:42:34,880 - How nice. - The mango tree is there. 632 00:42:35,040 --> 00:42:36,320 The orange tree is there. 633 00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:37,720 I thought... 634 00:42:37,880 --> 00:42:40,840 the avocado tree was completely destroyed. 635 00:42:41,040 --> 00:42:43,200 The trunk survived... 636 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,640 and it grew new branches. 637 00:42:45,840 --> 00:42:49,800 - Incredible. - That tree is invincible. 638 00:42:50,040 --> 00:42:52,000 - It's the family's salvation. - Yes. 639 00:42:53,760 --> 00:42:56,520 What's our agenda for the next few days? 640 00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:58,600 The archive of the university... 641 00:42:59,440 --> 00:43:01,040 and the CENESEX archive. 642 00:43:01,200 --> 00:43:03,040 These are the most important ones. 643 00:43:10,080 --> 00:43:12,640 In the role of Roxana: Marisel Rodríguez. 644 00:43:12,720 --> 00:43:15,240 - In the role of Daniel. - Héctor Perez Ramírez. 645 00:43:17,360 --> 00:43:20,320 Let me tell you, this is exciting... 646 00:43:20,760 --> 00:43:23,400 I already know what you're going to talk about. 647 00:43:23,600 --> 00:43:24,800 About the condom. 648 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:27,120 - Or am I wrong? - No you're not. 649 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:28,520 You know very well... 650 00:43:28,680 --> 00:43:30,480 that I'm obsessed with protection. 651 00:43:30,720 --> 00:43:33,480 Yes my friend, the condom is my loyal companion. 652 00:43:33,840 --> 00:43:36,760 I'm afraid to get a sexually transmitted disease. 653 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:38,120 Or even AIDS! 654 00:43:38,280 --> 00:43:39,600 Girl, don't mention it, 655 00:43:39,880 --> 00:43:41,440 only hearing it, I get upset! 656 00:43:41,560 --> 00:43:43,080 I'm happy about that... 657 00:43:43,240 --> 00:43:44,480 because it's very sad to put... 658 00:43:44,640 --> 00:43:47,560 your life in danger for a moment of pleasure. 659 00:43:47,720 --> 00:43:49,600 By the way, what time is it? 660 00:43:49,760 --> 00:43:51,960 It's already 5.30. 661 00:43:52,160 --> 00:43:55,200 Oh no! I have to go. I have to be ready at 7. 662 00:43:55,360 --> 00:43:58,240 Tomorrow I'll tell you all about it. Enjoy yourself! 663 00:43:59,040 --> 00:44:00,480 Hello. 664 00:44:01,400 --> 00:44:03,880 You are the son of Monika! 665 00:44:04,800 --> 00:44:06,120 Of Monika Krause? 666 00:44:06,600 --> 00:44:08,800 Holy mother, but I photographed you! 667 00:44:08,960 --> 00:44:11,400 I know. That's what I wanted to say! 668 00:44:11,560 --> 00:44:13,480 You should have told me before! 669 00:44:14,640 --> 00:44:16,200 I didn't tell you because... 670 00:44:16,440 --> 00:44:18,600 But I thought your face looked familiar. 671 00:44:18,760 --> 00:44:20,320 To me too, 672 00:44:20,840 --> 00:44:25,640 this moment is very emotional. 673 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:28,160 Please tell Monika... 674 00:44:28,280 --> 00:44:31,240 that I embrace her with all my heart... 675 00:44:31,400 --> 00:44:32,800 because with her... 676 00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:35,240 I'm united through very strong bonds. 677 00:44:35,480 --> 00:44:38,440 She helped me enormously... 678 00:44:38,560 --> 00:44:41,360 to open my path in this world. 679 00:44:41,480 --> 00:44:44,720 She'll be very happy to see you two 'Quixotas'. 680 00:44:44,920 --> 00:44:48,000 I think that my passion for all these topics, 681 00:44:48,160 --> 00:44:50,360 and the need for them... 682 00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:52,160 are things that... 683 00:44:52,320 --> 00:44:54,920 Aloyma and Monika introduced me to. 684 00:44:55,120 --> 00:44:58,640 They are such lovers of the subject... 685 00:44:58,760 --> 00:45:01,120 and so passionate about it. 686 00:45:01,320 --> 00:45:03,920 I think that they really influenced me. 687 00:45:05,680 --> 00:45:07,840 Besides she had a different point of view... 688 00:45:07,960 --> 00:45:09,680 because she was a German socialist... 689 00:45:09,840 --> 00:45:11,400 when she edited this book. 690 00:45:11,600 --> 00:45:14,800 Europeans bathe in nudist beaches and we can't... 691 00:45:14,960 --> 00:45:18,360 because married couples would have problems. 692 00:45:18,920 --> 00:45:20,640 The Cuban makes love every day. 693 00:45:20,760 --> 00:45:23,000 The European twice a month! 694 00:45:23,200 --> 00:45:25,480 It was a completely unknown world, 695 00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:27,520 because Cubans were not allowed... 696 00:45:27,680 --> 00:45:29,680 to speak about love and sexuality. 697 00:45:30,040 --> 00:45:31,280 Sex was not talked about here. 698 00:45:35,520 --> 00:45:37,640 To speak about sex is one thing but to say that... 699 00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:40,320 Cubans don't satisfy women as the book says, 700 00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:42,200 is another thing altogether. 701 00:45:46,360 --> 00:45:48,160 Cubans are sportsmen of sex! 702 00:46:09,400 --> 00:46:12,040 Let's just think about nuclear energy, 703 00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:13,480 how much damage it can do... 704 00:46:13,640 --> 00:46:14,840 and has already done! 705 00:46:15,200 --> 00:46:17,240 At the same time it can... 706 00:46:17,400 --> 00:46:20,200 contribute enormously to human development. 707 00:46:20,640 --> 00:46:23,040 As with contraception... 708 00:46:23,440 --> 00:46:26,040 the knowledge of it doesn't cause any harm... 709 00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:30,600 but the lack of information causes damage! 710 00:46:30,840 --> 00:46:33,000 Do not feed the ducks 711 00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:50,120 The programme about the condom for example... 712 00:46:50,520 --> 00:46:52,360 was fantastic! 713 00:46:52,600 --> 00:46:56,000 It was fantastic and went beyond limits... 714 00:46:56,360 --> 00:47:01,160 and it was a really big hit. 715 00:47:01,600 --> 00:47:05,640 The producer was the major saboteur... 716 00:47:05,960 --> 00:47:06,920 of that programme. 717 00:47:07,080 --> 00:47:09,280 I wasn't allowed to say the word 'condom'. 718 00:47:09,560 --> 00:47:11,680 He was standing 2 meters away from me... 719 00:47:12,080 --> 00:47:13,440 with his hand in the air... 720 00:47:14,760 --> 00:47:16,680 telling me with his index finger: 721 00:47:21,400 --> 00:47:23,680 'Don't forget: 'condom' no! 722 00:47:24,680 --> 00:47:28,680 Millions of people watched that programme. 723 00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:31,320 It was broadcast twice. 724 00:47:32,240 --> 00:47:34,800 I've been carrying ever since... 725 00:47:35,040 --> 00:47:36,160 the honorary title. 726 00:47:37,360 --> 00:47:38,600 It was supposed to be... 727 00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:41,960 a shameful title, 728 00:47:42,120 --> 00:47:44,000 an insult to me. 729 00:47:44,160 --> 00:47:45,960 But for me it was an honour. 730 00:47:46,400 --> 00:47:47,960 I've been called ever since: 731 00:47:48,280 --> 00:47:50,160 Monika, la reina del condón 732 00:47:50,600 --> 00:47:52,760 Monika, the Queen of the Condom. 733 00:48:03,120 --> 00:48:05,520 - This is your house, isn't it? - Yes, it is. 734 00:48:06,920 --> 00:48:09,240 Some of the programmes were shot there... 735 00:48:09,400 --> 00:48:11,360 because Monika fell out with the television people. 736 00:48:12,440 --> 00:48:15,080 That was the first condom shown on TV... 737 00:48:15,400 --> 00:48:17,040 like that in public. 738 00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:23,720 Here I have got a condom of high quality. 739 00:48:24,360 --> 00:48:27,400 You can buy it at every chemist's in the country. 740 00:48:27,600 --> 00:48:31,040 So you can't argue anymore... 741 00:48:32,640 --> 00:48:35,520 that we don't have a good product... 742 00:48:36,400 --> 00:48:38,440 available to the public. 743 00:48:39,560 --> 00:48:41,640 My mother must have been very nervous. 744 00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:46,600 First of all I will demonstrate its strength. 745 00:48:47,360 --> 00:48:49,600 Some of those programmes were shot here, 746 00:48:49,760 --> 00:48:52,480 at our house, yes they were. 747 00:48:57,080 --> 00:49:00,040 For each programme they needed several days... 748 00:49:00,200 --> 00:49:02,680 because there were a lot of problems. 749 00:49:03,120 --> 00:49:04,000 At one point... 750 00:49:04,120 --> 00:49:05,680 my mother wanted to fill the condom... 751 00:49:05,880 --> 00:49:09,080 using a jug that held 10 to 15 litres of water... 752 00:49:09,240 --> 00:49:11,760 in order to show their resistance. 753 00:49:12,480 --> 00:49:15,400 One day they had to stop shooting... 754 00:49:15,560 --> 00:49:18,760 and take a break... 755 00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:22,000 because the assistant who had to hold it refused... 756 00:49:22,280 --> 00:49:25,360 his hands to be shown in the programme. 757 00:49:26,160 --> 00:49:27,960 I have already conducted this experiment... 758 00:49:28,240 --> 00:49:30,560 and it can hold more than a litre. 759 00:49:31,120 --> 00:49:32,880 This weighs more than a kilogram. 760 00:49:33,040 --> 00:49:35,680 I didn't think it could hold so much. 761 00:49:42,560 --> 00:49:44,760 It also became known that this programme... 762 00:49:45,240 --> 00:49:47,720 was the object of a discussion in the politburo. 763 00:49:49,120 --> 00:49:51,400 One has to know that the politburo... 764 00:49:51,520 --> 00:49:53,040 is the highest committee... 765 00:49:54,200 --> 00:49:55,640 of this country. 766 00:49:56,160 --> 00:49:59,000 Once again Monika Krause went over the top. 767 00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:05,080 But my mother didn't worry at all. 768 00:50:05,320 --> 00:50:09,240 She thought it was funny and felt even reassured. 769 00:50:09,720 --> 00:50:11,920 She was wrong, however, 770 00:50:12,080 --> 00:50:14,440 because her television show was cancelled... 771 00:50:14,600 --> 00:50:16,400 after that programme. 772 00:50:16,600 --> 00:50:18,840 It can hold a considerable weight... 773 00:50:19,880 --> 00:50:23,320 and really has an incredible resistance. 774 00:50:46,280 --> 00:50:49,640 My job was a very difficult one. 775 00:50:50,840 --> 00:50:53,560 It was difficult from the first moment on, 776 00:50:53,720 --> 00:50:56,680 and I didn't expect anything else... 777 00:50:56,960 --> 00:51:00,000 that resistance would arise everywhere. 778 00:51:06,320 --> 00:51:10,840 But nothing succeeded from the beginning. 779 00:51:11,240 --> 00:51:13,360 Everything was somehow stopped in the end. 780 00:51:20,640 --> 00:51:22,520 This also stimulated Monika a little, 781 00:51:22,640 --> 00:51:24,240 to know that so many people... 782 00:51:24,360 --> 00:51:26,680 were against the programme, such a new, 783 00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:28,720 adventurous and dangerous subject, 784 00:51:29,000 --> 00:51:30,800 especially from the point of view... 785 00:51:30,920 --> 00:51:32,720 that it touched on something... 786 00:51:32,880 --> 00:51:34,080 ingrained in people's.. 787 00:51:34,400 --> 00:51:36,720 blood, minds, and customs, 788 00:51:38,280 --> 00:51:40,200 in the relationships... 789 00:51:40,360 --> 00:51:41,800 between men and women. 790 00:51:51,440 --> 00:51:54,280 I saw limitations everywhere, 791 00:51:54,400 --> 00:51:57,440 obstacles... 792 00:51:57,560 --> 00:51:59,320 even sabotages. 793 00:52:00,080 --> 00:52:03,600 There were indeed sabotages from institutions... 794 00:52:04,080 --> 00:52:07,320 that should have supported this work... 795 00:52:07,640 --> 00:52:10,240 because they couldn't reconcile it... 796 00:52:10,400 --> 00:52:14,000 with their macho attitude to support this. 797 00:52:18,040 --> 00:52:20,600 Let alone the word 'condom'. 798 00:52:20,800 --> 00:52:22,080 That was a revolution. 799 00:52:22,280 --> 00:52:24,320 But to talk about this subject at all. 800 00:52:24,840 --> 00:52:29,360 And to assert that women have a sexuality, too. 801 00:52:30,880 --> 00:52:32,720 That caused... 802 00:52:33,640 --> 00:52:36,280 waves of insurrection. 803 00:52:36,880 --> 00:52:38,840 There was a time when my mother even... 804 00:52:41,280 --> 00:52:45,440 got letters from people threatening to kill her. 805 00:52:46,000 --> 00:52:48,080 'Get lost, you slut... 806 00:52:48,800 --> 00:52:52,120 if you go on talking shit I'll kill you!' 807 00:53:12,560 --> 00:53:15,640 She must have suffered a lot. 808 00:53:16,080 --> 00:53:17,800 All in silence. 809 00:53:18,720 --> 00:53:22,840 She never told me so as not to hurt me. 810 00:53:23,480 --> 00:53:25,480 And me, with my way of being, with my job... 811 00:53:25,640 --> 00:53:28,120 I didn't realize what was going on. 812 00:53:39,200 --> 00:53:44,600 The breakup of our marriage... 813 00:53:45,000 --> 00:53:47,160 didn't happen overnight, 814 00:53:47,400 --> 00:53:52,120 it was a process that went on for many years. 815 00:53:52,840 --> 00:53:55,280 But right from the start... 816 00:53:55,600 --> 00:53:59,000 it was very disagreeable to my husband... 817 00:53:59,400 --> 00:54:03,760 to have a wife who dealt with this subject daily. 818 00:54:07,400 --> 00:54:09,200 He of course knew... 819 00:54:09,520 --> 00:54:13,160 that I intervened in the area of the macho world... 820 00:54:13,560 --> 00:54:16,520 even though he has never had a typical... 821 00:54:16,680 --> 00:54:18,600 Cuban macho attitude. 822 00:54:18,760 --> 00:54:20,880 But he and his surroundings, 823 00:54:21,000 --> 00:54:23,320 that was something completely different. 824 00:54:23,880 --> 00:54:25,960 He was a respected person... 825 00:54:26,280 --> 00:54:31,120 and somehow his self-esteem began to break. 826 00:54:36,880 --> 00:54:41,560 I remember something that really shocked me. 827 00:54:42,440 --> 00:54:45,520 Because I had never seen my parents arguing. 828 00:54:46,680 --> 00:54:49,760 We were drinking coffee together. 829 00:54:50,320 --> 00:54:53,520 And my parents started to argue. 830 00:54:54,000 --> 00:54:55,400 I went to my room. 831 00:54:56,160 --> 00:54:58,160 I waited until my father left. 832 00:54:58,360 --> 00:55:00,880 When he left I went back to the sitting room. 833 00:55:01,440 --> 00:55:03,560 And I asked my mother what had happened. 834 00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:06,560 And she told me... 835 00:55:06,880 --> 00:55:11,160 that on her visits to various secondary schools... 836 00:55:11,520 --> 00:55:15,120 in Holguín, Bayamo and in Santiago de Cuba... 837 00:55:15,560 --> 00:55:19,120 she had found out that girls in those schools... 838 00:55:19,480 --> 00:55:22,120 had been sent to the school clinic... 839 00:55:22,360 --> 00:55:26,000 to have their virginity tested. 840 00:55:26,240 --> 00:55:28,200 And she complained directly... 841 00:55:28,360 --> 00:55:30,360 to the First Secretary of the Party. 842 00:55:31,240 --> 00:55:34,160 And this First Secretary of the Party... 843 00:55:34,720 --> 00:55:37,320 is an intimate friend of my father's. 844 00:55:37,560 --> 00:55:38,960 So my father came home... 845 00:55:39,120 --> 00:55:40,520 to complain to my mother. 846 00:55:41,640 --> 00:55:45,080 And he accused her of exaggerating. 847 00:55:45,800 --> 00:55:49,120 And he told her not to touch the subject anymore. 848 00:55:50,920 --> 00:55:53,720 She was furious. 849 00:55:54,280 --> 00:55:55,640 And this incident... 850 00:55:55,800 --> 00:55:58,600 tormented her for weeks and months. 851 00:56:19,880 --> 00:56:21,280 That was a long time ago. 852 00:56:22,360 --> 00:56:25,120 That was almost 40 years ago! 853 00:56:25,640 --> 00:56:27,680 The pictures are almost 40 years old. 854 00:56:28,360 --> 00:56:30,960 This is my only family album... 855 00:56:31,160 --> 00:56:32,680 from Cuba. 856 00:56:33,360 --> 00:56:34,800 Hundreds of pictures... 857 00:56:34,920 --> 00:56:37,080 must be left there in cardboard boxes. 858 00:56:37,240 --> 00:56:39,120 This is my only album. 859 00:56:39,360 --> 00:56:41,240 And it starts with Dictys... 860 00:56:42,840 --> 00:56:44,360 as a baby. 861 00:56:44,880 --> 00:56:46,680 This is the picture he got... 862 00:56:46,920 --> 00:56:49,640 for his id-card for the day nursery. 863 00:56:50,680 --> 00:56:52,360 He was 3 months old. 864 00:56:55,280 --> 00:56:58,920 Here he was about 4, 5 months old. 865 00:56:59,160 --> 00:57:01,240 We're on our way to the day nursery. 866 00:57:01,840 --> 00:57:05,200 So this little boy... 867 00:57:05,960 --> 00:57:07,280 only 6 months old... 868 00:57:07,920 --> 00:57:09,480 already went to day nursery. 869 00:57:09,960 --> 00:57:12,440 That was totally normal there. 870 00:57:14,240 --> 00:57:15,120 But... 871 00:57:16,040 --> 00:57:18,120 it was very contradictory... 872 00:57:18,280 --> 00:57:20,960 to the principle of the family... 873 00:57:22,320 --> 00:57:23,920 and that the children... 874 00:57:24,560 --> 00:57:26,440 were to grow up with their parents. 875 00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:29,600 No, he already had to go to day nursery. 876 00:57:40,800 --> 00:57:41,880 On the beach. 877 00:57:42,080 --> 00:57:43,320 And that was the time... 878 00:57:44,080 --> 00:57:46,160 we spent more time with the children - 879 00:57:46,280 --> 00:57:47,640 I'm speaking for myself - 880 00:57:47,800 --> 00:57:49,800 more time in the water than on land. 881 00:57:52,280 --> 00:57:53,840 And here is Dictys. 882 00:57:55,960 --> 00:57:59,440 In the work camp. He must have been 12. 883 00:58:00,040 --> 00:58:02,120 He did his first school work camp... 884 00:58:02,520 --> 00:58:03,880 at the age of 12. 885 00:58:04,240 --> 00:58:07,440 That was on a botanical plantation. 886 00:58:07,960 --> 00:58:09,760 That was very hard for him. 887 00:58:11,560 --> 00:58:13,240 He felt so miserable, 888 00:58:13,680 --> 00:58:16,040 so terribly lonely and... 889 00:58:17,120 --> 00:58:19,120 he was sad and... 890 00:58:20,080 --> 00:58:22,360 really ill. 891 00:58:22,760 --> 00:58:26,080 But we could not refuse... 892 00:58:26,200 --> 00:58:27,960 because he went to that school. 893 00:58:49,960 --> 00:58:52,640 It was a very difficult process... 894 00:58:52,920 --> 00:58:55,840 for me to tell my parents... 895 00:58:56,000 --> 00:58:58,680 even to my mother who I was much closer to... 896 00:58:58,800 --> 00:59:00,080 at that time. 897 00:59:00,800 --> 00:59:01,760 With my father... 898 00:59:01,960 --> 00:59:05,400 it has always been a difficult subject 899 00:59:06,080 --> 00:59:07,960 I know that he knows. 900 00:59:09,160 --> 00:59:10,680 But he struggles with it. 901 00:59:13,520 --> 00:59:16,400 You have to understand where he comes from. 902 00:59:16,560 --> 00:59:18,840 All his friends are super machos. 903 00:59:19,240 --> 00:59:21,720 His friends work in the Ministry of the Interior, 904 00:59:21,840 --> 00:59:23,840 in the military, in the politburo. 905 00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:25,800 What can you expect from them? 906 00:59:26,520 --> 00:59:27,920 I understand... 907 00:59:28,600 --> 00:59:29,880 and have accepted it. 908 00:59:48,480 --> 00:59:51,400 I came to study on the Island of Youth in 1981. 909 00:59:51,640 --> 00:59:53,960 I was 17 or 18 years old. 910 00:59:55,880 --> 01:00:00,360 From the beginning I felt terrible! 911 01:00:02,920 --> 01:00:04,960 When you live in a boarding school... 912 01:00:05,080 --> 01:00:11,000 you have to fight and learn how to survive. 913 01:00:14,440 --> 01:00:16,640 One creates a double personality. 914 01:00:16,760 --> 01:00:20,480 A public face for the school and society, 915 01:00:21,680 --> 01:00:23,560 and a private face. 916 01:00:24,520 --> 01:00:27,800 Dictys's Boarding School 917 01:00:36,480 --> 01:00:39,320 I knew that I would have no privacy... 918 01:00:40,440 --> 01:00:46,000 sharing a dorm with a hundred students. 919 01:00:47,480 --> 01:00:50,360 Survival of the fittest ruled the school. 920 01:00:54,280 --> 01:00:56,480 In the discourse of the Revolution... 921 01:00:56,640 --> 01:00:58,600 a homosexual is considered a traitor. 922 01:01:00,080 --> 01:01:02,440 because he cannot be trusted. 923 01:01:03,120 --> 01:01:05,400 They are seen as weak of character, 924 01:01:05,880 --> 01:01:09,560 ones who will sell themselves to Capitalism. 925 01:01:10,200 --> 01:01:12,120 When one grows up with this... 926 01:01:16,800 --> 01:01:18,040 you reach the point... 927 01:01:18,200 --> 01:01:19,360 where you have to ask yourself: 928 01:01:20,040 --> 01:01:21,640 What's more important for me? 929 01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:26,760 Survive and find a career and a future... 930 01:01:27,400 --> 01:01:31,800 or to risk this future... 931 01:01:32,040 --> 01:01:33,760 by telling everybody... 932 01:01:33,880 --> 01:01:36,400 that I'm gay and then just see what happens? 933 01:01:48,080 --> 01:01:51,320 I see the gay problem in a similar way... 934 01:01:51,480 --> 01:01:54,120 as the racial problem is assumed in Cuba. 935 01:01:54,320 --> 01:01:56,400 Officially it doesn't exist. 936 01:01:56,520 --> 01:01:57,960 People are very careful... 937 01:01:58,120 --> 01:01:59,680 when talking in front of a black person... 938 01:01:59,840 --> 01:02:01,360 about the problems of black people... 939 01:02:01,560 --> 01:02:02,520 or when they make... 940 01:02:02,640 --> 01:02:04,280 insulting jokes about black people. 941 01:02:04,520 --> 01:02:06,840 But everyone is conscious of it. 942 01:02:07,040 --> 01:02:09,080 This kind of behaviour also exists... 943 01:02:09,280 --> 01:02:11,480 in relation to homosexuality. 944 01:02:14,120 --> 01:02:15,800 It was like a challenge for me. 945 01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:18,560 I went to study history of art... 946 01:02:18,760 --> 01:02:20,520 after I was expelled... 947 01:02:20,720 --> 01:02:22,360 from international journalism... 948 01:02:22,840 --> 01:02:24,360 where we studied together, 949 01:02:25,400 --> 01:02:27,000 accused of being gay. 950 01:02:27,480 --> 01:02:30,680 I've never talked about this in public... 951 01:02:30,800 --> 01:02:34,240 at my age I don't care anymore. 952 01:02:36,120 --> 01:02:39,760 I lived alone... 953 01:02:42,280 --> 01:02:43,640 for years. 954 01:02:43,880 --> 01:02:48,640 I was afraid to have any sexual relationships. 955 01:02:50,040 --> 01:02:52,440 I was terrified... 956 01:02:53,960 --> 01:02:56,760 to have a partner... 957 01:02:57,440 --> 01:03:02,720 and find myself in one of these stories again. 958 01:03:03,520 --> 01:03:07,560 My destiny is not to arrive, it is to wander. 959 01:03:10,000 --> 01:03:12,320 I was banned... 960 01:03:12,560 --> 01:03:15,160 from doing public work on homsexuality. 961 01:03:16,240 --> 01:03:20,720 So one day I got a visit from a journalist... 962 01:03:20,960 --> 01:03:23,680 of the student newspaper "Alma Mater". 963 01:03:23,800 --> 01:03:29,600 He wanted to publish an all-embracing interview. 964 01:03:29,800 --> 01:03:31,200 I said that in Cuba... 965 01:03:31,440 --> 01:03:34,440 homosexuals were discriminated against, 966 01:03:34,600 --> 01:03:40,920 criminalized, disregarded, maltreated, disgraced. 967 01:03:41,120 --> 01:03:42,400 And I also said: 968 01:03:42,640 --> 01:03:46,040 If it was a problem of education... 969 01:03:46,880 --> 01:03:49,680 if it only depended on one's own will... 970 01:03:50,040 --> 01:03:52,960 whether to be homosexual or heterosexual... 971 01:03:53,280 --> 01:03:55,640 there wouldn't be any homosexuals in Cuba. 972 01:03:55,760 --> 01:03:59,520 For would a normal human being... 973 01:03:59,800 --> 01:04:01,480 with normal common sense... 974 01:04:01,600 --> 01:04:04,920 allow themselves to be attacked, outlawed, 975 01:04:05,560 --> 01:04:08,640 doomed and disgraced? 976 01:04:10,480 --> 01:04:12,040 Who would volunteer? 977 01:04:12,960 --> 01:04:14,120 It wouldn't happen! 978 01:04:29,480 --> 01:04:31,320 The final result... 979 01:04:31,520 --> 01:04:34,960 of this article was that all over the country... 980 01:04:35,200 --> 01:04:37,280 the discussion about the subject started. 981 01:04:39,360 --> 01:04:44,560 The topic suddenly became acceptable. 982 01:04:45,080 --> 01:04:48,400 Now you were allowed to write about it. 983 01:04:52,120 --> 01:04:55,360 That was the last important job... 984 01:04:55,600 --> 01:04:57,280 that I could accomplish. 985 01:06:43,440 --> 01:06:45,280 Dictys was born and I wasn't there. 986 01:06:45,720 --> 01:06:48,320 He was born and I wasn't in Cuba. 987 01:06:49,360 --> 01:06:51,320 I got to know Dictys after he was born. 988 01:06:51,720 --> 01:06:53,760 I knew Dani as well after he was born. 989 01:06:55,520 --> 01:06:56,800 I think, with hindsight, 990 01:06:56,960 --> 01:06:59,840 that it was very hard for her. 991 01:07:01,640 --> 01:07:04,480 And to accept that she had married a Captain... 992 01:07:04,760 --> 01:07:06,240 and would be on her own. 993 01:07:06,400 --> 01:07:08,440 It's one thing to know it... 994 01:07:08,640 --> 01:07:11,960 and another to be directly confronted with it. 995 01:07:15,120 --> 01:07:17,120 She must have suffered a lot. 996 01:07:18,360 --> 01:07:19,920 Only today I understand that. 997 01:07:21,920 --> 01:07:26,320 Back then, we talked very little about it. 998 01:07:26,560 --> 01:07:28,160 For me it was all happiness. 999 01:07:51,200 --> 01:07:56,560 For my husband it was quite hard... 1000 01:07:56,800 --> 01:08:00,280 that I was so well-known throughout the country. 1001 01:08:01,760 --> 01:08:06,800 And he could stand the subject less and less. 1002 01:08:07,040 --> 01:08:07,920 We had... 1003 01:08:08,720 --> 01:08:10,400 really serious problems. 1004 01:08:11,360 --> 01:08:13,600 And he finally began... 1005 01:08:14,240 --> 01:08:16,160 looking for his own path, 1006 01:08:16,480 --> 01:08:20,240 for something without all those negative properties. 1007 01:08:22,680 --> 01:08:27,600 One day I learnt that he'd got a woman pregnant. 1008 01:08:28,040 --> 01:08:32,360 That made our relationship fall apart. 1009 01:08:42,600 --> 01:08:45,320 Interestingly, my mother and myself... 1010 01:08:45,600 --> 01:08:47,880 never seriously thought about... 1011 01:08:48,080 --> 01:08:49,480 leaving the country. 1012 01:08:51,280 --> 01:08:53,320 Dictys, one day, 1013 01:08:54,320 --> 01:08:55,760 acting as the catalyst... 1014 01:08:56,720 --> 01:08:58,960 said while we were in the kitchen, 1015 01:08:59,320 --> 01:09:00,800 cooking: 1016 01:09:01,800 --> 01:09:03,120 I'm planning to travel... 1017 01:09:03,360 --> 01:09:05,720 with my journalist passport in November... 1018 01:09:06,080 --> 01:09:07,840 and I won't come back. 1019 01:09:08,680 --> 01:09:10,600 My mother and I froze. 1020 01:09:12,800 --> 01:09:17,000 And immediately after that... 1021 01:09:17,200 --> 01:09:19,360 we included my father in this discussion. 1022 01:09:19,760 --> 01:09:23,000 He welcomed Dictys's initiative very much. 1023 01:09:23,880 --> 01:09:26,840 He always repeated the same three sentences: 1024 01:09:27,280 --> 01:09:29,320 Monika, you have to go. 1025 01:09:30,120 --> 01:09:32,960 Monika, the earlier the better. 1026 01:09:33,560 --> 01:09:35,360 Monika, for the good of the children. 1027 01:09:36,360 --> 01:09:38,880 I think it was September 1990. 1028 01:09:39,080 --> 01:09:40,880 And we emigrated... 1029 01:09:41,120 --> 01:09:42,960 in November, two months later. 1030 01:09:43,240 --> 01:09:46,280 It was all very very quick. 1031 01:09:47,360 --> 01:09:51,080 And we all knew that it was a one-way flight. 1032 01:09:53,480 --> 01:09:56,640 And saying goodbye to my father at the airport... 1033 01:10:20,720 --> 01:10:22,080 ...without knowing... 1034 01:10:26,720 --> 01:10:28,920 ...when and if I would see him again... 1035 01:10:31,480 --> 01:10:36,040 That was really harsh. 1036 01:10:44,640 --> 01:10:48,320 Leaving Cuba forever was a difficult decision... 1037 01:10:48,520 --> 01:10:50,480 but it was final. 1038 01:10:52,840 --> 01:10:54,560 I couldn't go on. 1039 01:10:54,760 --> 01:10:56,480 I didn't want to go on, either. 1040 01:10:57,040 --> 01:11:00,040 My sons wanted the very same thing. 1041 01:11:01,000 --> 01:11:03,760 But the almost 30 years... 1042 01:11:03,960 --> 01:11:05,760 that I spent there... 1043 01:11:07,080 --> 01:11:10,600 I could not wipe them out like that. 1044 01:11:11,400 --> 01:11:17,120 That decision didn't leave me unscathed. 1045 01:11:20,080 --> 01:11:21,320 I had dedicated... 1046 01:11:23,120 --> 01:11:26,600 almost 30 years of my life to the country. 1047 01:11:30,080 --> 01:11:31,680 Those were the best years, 1048 01:11:34,720 --> 01:11:36,400 the most intense. 1049 01:11:59,720 --> 01:12:01,920 Often, it wasn't easy. 1050 01:12:02,240 --> 01:12:03,120 I felt... 1051 01:12:03,440 --> 01:12:06,800 like Don Quixote fighting the windmills. 1052 01:12:09,080 --> 01:12:12,920 But, it was exciting, it was exhilarating. 1053 01:12:13,160 --> 01:12:16,200 I stirred up the whole country. 1054 01:12:24,400 --> 01:12:26,960 And if I succeeded in convincing women... 1055 01:12:27,440 --> 01:12:28,880 that they have the right... 1056 01:12:29,240 --> 01:12:31,280 to have a full sex life, 1057 01:12:32,400 --> 01:12:34,000 and if I have succeeded in... 1058 01:12:34,160 --> 01:12:35,600 convincing people... 1059 01:12:35,920 --> 01:12:38,320 that machismo is not innate... 1060 01:12:39,480 --> 01:12:41,840 my fight was worth it. 1061 01:13:02,560 --> 01:13:03,720 Dr Monika Krause founded... 1062 01:13:03,880 --> 01:13:05,720 the National Center for Sex Education... 1063 01:13:05,920 --> 01:13:07,080 of which she was director... 1064 01:13:07,280 --> 01:13:09,160 until she left Cuba towards the end of 1990. 1065 01:13:09,320 --> 01:13:11,160 The programme developed by Monika Krause... 1066 01:13:11,280 --> 01:13:12,320 for sex education... 1067 01:13:12,480 --> 01:13:14,160 was recommended as an example by the UN. 1068 01:13:14,360 --> 01:13:15,920 In 1989, Monika Krause was elected... 1069 01:13:16,080 --> 01:13:17,160 scientific counsellor... 1070 01:13:17,320 --> 01:13:19,000 of the World Association for Sexology. 1071 01:14:04,680 --> 01:14:05,800 Jesús lives with his wife, 1072 01:14:05,920 --> 01:14:07,040 Zeida Martínez, in Havana. 1073 01:14:07,200 --> 01:14:09,040 In the same house he previously occupied, 1074 01:14:09,200 --> 01:14:10,480 with Monika, Dictys and Daniel. 1075 01:14:15,360 --> 01:14:17,800 Monika is married to Harry Fuchs since 1999... 1076 01:14:17,960 --> 01:14:20,440 they live in Glücksburg by the North Sea. 77118

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