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1
00:00:03,880 --> 00:00:07,566
Antarktida, obrovsk�,
ledem neprostupn� kontinent,
2
00:00:07,680 --> 00:00:11,127
v�t�� ne� Spojen� st�ty
a Mexiko dohromady.
3
00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:17,930
Je to nejchladn�j��, nejv�trn�j��
a nejv�ce ne�iv� m�sto na Zemi,
4
00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:21,482
poprv� prob�dan� lidmi p�ed 100 lety.
5
00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:28,363
Nyn� se tahle rozlehl� divo�ina
st�v� ob�� laborato��
6
00:00:28,440 --> 00:00:32,843
pro nejd�le�it�j�� v�deck� pozn�n�
na�� planety.
7
00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:48,530
P�ist�n� na zem�pisn�m Ji�n�m p�lu,
8
00:00:48,600 --> 00:00:52,889
nejji�n�j��m m�st� na Zemi d�v� pocit,
�e jste nav�t�vili jinou planetu.
9
00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:02,045
P�ed n�mi stoj� Amundsen-Scottova
stanice Ji�n�ho p�lu,
10
00:01:02,120 --> 00:01:03,485
jedno z nejpropracovan�j��ch
11
00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:06,928
v�decko-v�zkumn�ch za��zen�,
kter� kdy bylo postaveno.
12
00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:16,846
Navzdory um�st�n� na nejvy���m m�st�
ledov� pokr�vky v�nadmo�sk� v��ce t�m�� 10�000 stop,
13
00:01:16,920 --> 00:01:20,720
je ve stanici udr�ov�no velmi
p��jemn�ch 20 stup�� Celsia
14
00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:22,290
po cel� rok.
15
00:01:29,440 --> 00:01:33,047
P�sob� tu v�dci z�cel� �ady obor�
16
00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:37,205
a je domovem dvou nejv�konn�j��ch
teleskop� na Zemi.
17
00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:44,364
Poskytuje tak� vysok� standard vybaven�,
kter� spl�uje ve�ker� pot�eby
18
00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:48,286
lid� p�i odpo�inku, pr�ci a z�bav� v
relativn�m komfortu.
19
00:01:49,800 --> 00:01:54,089
Tato ��asn� stavba je triumfem
technologie a in�en�rstv�
20
00:01:54,160 --> 00:01:59,291
a je tak bl�zk� vesm�rn� stanici
jak byste mohli na Zemi v�bec nal�zt.
21
00:02:04,360 --> 00:02:07,603
Tahle stanice m� ale velkou
pot�ebu podpory.
22
00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,170
Ka�d� l�to p�iv�� konvoj traktor� z�soby
23
00:02:16,240 --> 00:02:18,208
zasn�enou silnic�
24
00:02:18,320 --> 00:02:21,847
p�ezd�vanou McMurdova silnice ji�n�ho p�lu,
25
00:02:22,080 --> 00:02:24,526
a jej� pr�jezd zabere v�ce ne� 4 t�dny.
26
00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:29,723
Dovezen� z�soby pom�haj� udr�et chod z�kladny
na dal��ch 6 m�s�c�.
27
00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:35,961
Zanedlouho po odjezdu konvoje
slunce zapad� naposledy.
28
00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:41,363
Antarktick� zima za��n�.
29
00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:46,884
Dlouh�, tmav� noci, kter� potrvaj� m�s�ce.
30
00:02:51,680 --> 00:02:53,170
V pr�b�hu pol�rn� zimy
31
00:02:53,240 --> 00:02:56,005
jsou bezpe�nost a pohodl�
ji�n� pol�rn� stanice
32
00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:58,481
velmi d�le�it�.
33
00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:06,844
A�koliv vrchol v�zkumn� aktivity je v�l�t�,
34
00:03:06,920 --> 00:03:09,161
funguje stanice po cel� rok
35
00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:13,802
se st�lou pos�dkou 50 lid�,
kte�� tu tr�v� celou zimu.
36
00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:20,644
P�ijali v�zvu k�vytvo�en� obyvateln�ho prost�ed�
37
00:03:20,720 --> 00:03:23,690
v jednom z�nejm�n� hostinn�ch m�st na Zemi
38
00:03:23,760 --> 00:03:27,287
s p�ekvapivou stavbou, sklen�kem.
39
00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,649
Je tu �erstv� ovoce a zelenina,
kter� se p�stuj� pod um�l�m osv�tlen�m,
40
00:03:32,720 --> 00:03:35,405
zat�mco zbytek kontinentu je v temnot�.
41
00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:40,891
P�edpisy zakazuj� dov�et p�du do Antarktidy,
42
00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:44,931
tak�e zelenina je p�stov�na
za pou�it� syst�mu hydroponie.
43
00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:47,731
Jej� ko�eny jsou udr�ov�ny v�kontaktu s vodou
44
00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:49,643
dopln�nou �ivinami.
45
00:03:51,440 --> 00:03:55,923
Vnit�n� teplota m� p��jemn�ch 25 stup�� Celsia.
46
00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:58,810
Relativn� vlhkost je okolo 55%.
47
00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:04,849
Vn�j�� teplota m��e m�t
alespo� -30 stup�� Celsia,
48
00:04:04,920 --> 00:04:07,366
ale a� zima doopravdy za�ne,
49
00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:10,649
teplota sestoup� na -80 stup�� Celsia.
50
00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:13,882
To u� je pak venku po��dn� zima.
51
00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:17,442
Bude to ale nej�ist�� �ivotn� prost�ed�,
52
00:04:17,520 --> 00:04:19,887
kter� lze v�Antarktid� naj�t.
53
00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:23,961
Tenhle sklen�k je technicky tak dokonal�,
54
00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:28,284
�e t�m m��e regulovat mno�stv� �ivin a sv�tla,
kter� rostliny p�ij�maj�
55
00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:31,967
z pohodl� jejich kancel��e
Univerzity a Arizon�.
56
00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:42,851
Opravdu oce�uji mo�nosti modern� v�dy
57
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:46,129
pou�it� na Ji�n�m p�lu,
jinak bychom se museli vr�tit tak o 100 let zp�tky,
58
00:04:46,200 --> 00:04:49,363
kdy� tu s v�dou a v�zkumem za��nali.
59
00:04:51,400 --> 00:04:54,449
V roce 1911, Robert Falcon Scott
a jeho t�m
60
00:04:54,600 --> 00:04:57,080
postavili tuhle chatu,
ale jen jako z�sobovac� z�kladnu
61
00:04:57,160 --> 00:04:59,049
ze kter� by mohli vyr�et
na svoje expedice
62
00:04:59,160 --> 00:05:02,846
a st�t se prvn�mi lidmi, kte�� dos�hnou
Ji�n�ho p�lu.
63
00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:08,603
Trochu se to tu zm�nilo,
ale vypad� to jako by ode�li teprve v�era.
64
00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:12,327
Nebylo to jako u sou�asn�ch n�v�t�vn�k�
Ji�n�ho p�lu,
65
00:05:12,400 --> 00:05:16,086
tihle mu�i si museli dopravit
v�echno co pot�ebovali s�sebou.
66
00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:19,520
Jejich z�soby sem byly dopraveny lod�,
67
00:05:19,600 --> 00:05:22,126
obsahovaly materi�l na stavbu chaty,
68
00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:24,965
tak� j�dlo a oble�en� pro mu�stvo.
69
00:05:26,280 --> 00:05:29,841
Deset tis�c polo�ek z�jejich v�c�
tu je�t� z�stalo.
70
00:05:35,760 --> 00:05:40,482
Ve�ker� jejich j�dlo bylo v�konzerv�ch,
kter� lemuj� police dodnes,
71
00:05:40,560 --> 00:05:45,361
zat�mco leh�tka na kter�ch tenhle t�m 25 mu��
spal b�hem jejich prvn� zimy
72
00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:48,728
vypadaj� st�le stejn�
jako p�ed sto lety.
73
00:05:55,960 --> 00:05:59,328
B�hem p��pravy Scotta a jeho mu��
na jejich cestu k�p�lu,
74
00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:02,961
uskute�nil jejich t�m mno�stv�
v�deck�ch experiment�.
75
00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:06,931
P�ivezli si s�sebou vybaven� pro studium
meteorologie, geologie
76
00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:09,002
a sb�rali vzorky.
77
00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:14,610
V pr�b�hu let, chata ch�trala
78
00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:17,001
a� do ned�vn� doby,
kdy t�m za�al pracovat
79
00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:20,243
na nejvzd�len�j��m projektu
rekonstrukce na sv�t�.
80
00:06:23,440 --> 00:06:27,286
Jejich �kolem bylo chr�nit chatu
p�ed zni�en�m ledem,
81
00:06:27,360 --> 00:06:28,964
a tak� zjistit v�ce
82
00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:32,249
o po��naj�c� v�deck� discipl�n�
a p�e�it� v Antarktid�.
83
00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:37,688
Expedice byla velmi dob�e
vybavena v�stroj� a technologi�.
84
00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:41,651
M�li k�dispozici telefon,
kter� fungoval nap��� zaledn�n�m prostorem
85
00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:44,326
a propojoval n�kolik r�zn�ch m�st dohromady.
86
00:06:44,400 --> 00:06:47,882
Byl to celkem propracovan� syst�m sp�na�� a sv�tel.
87
00:06:47,960 --> 00:06:50,247
Vnit�n�ch a vn�j��ch elektrick�ch ��rovek,
88
00:06:50,320 --> 00:06:53,927
kter� mohly b�t opravdu velmi efektivn�.
89
00:06:54,920 --> 00:06:59,244
M�li tak� obrovsk� mno�stv� v�deck�ho vybaven�,
90
00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:00,924
na v�echny metody a v�eho druhu.
91
00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:04,450
M�me velk� �t�st�, �e to p�e�ilo
i podm�nky jako jsou tyhle.
92
00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:08,605
Mysl�m, �e t�eba tenhle d�m tu byl postaven
se z�m�rem tak na dva, t�i roky
93
00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:10,284
a stoj� tu u� stolet�.
94
00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:15,002
Tak�e kdy� budeme jednat rychle, budeme m�t
b�je�nou p��le�itost,
95
00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:18,926
uchovat v�echno co tu je, dal��m generac�m.
96
00:07:21,600 --> 00:07:23,523
Scott a jeho mu�i opustili chatu
97
00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:26,126
1. listopadu 1911,
98
00:07:26,200 --> 00:07:29,363
aby se vydali na p�� v�pravu k�severn�mu p�lu.
99
00:07:33,040 --> 00:07:35,566
�ekalo je p�ekonat 1 200 km
100
00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:39,531
t�m nejt잚�m ter�nem na planet�.
101
00:07:42,040 --> 00:07:45,806
Cesta, kterou si vybrali, vedla
p�es Transantarktick� poho��
102
00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:49,771
mohutn�m Beardmorsk�m ledovcem.
103
00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:53,083
Pomalu p�ekon�vali jeho d�siv� povrch,
104
00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:56,881
a� kone�n� dos�hli ledov� n�horn� plo�iny.
105
00:08:00,120 --> 00:08:03,727
St�le jim v�ak zb�valo urazit 450 km.
106
00:08:05,720 --> 00:08:09,361
Jejich �sp�ch kone�n�ho dosa�en�
Ji�n�ho p�lu byl poka�en
107
00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:13,889
skute�nost�, �e Nor Roald Amundsen
se tam dostal prvn�.
108
00:08:17,520 --> 00:08:22,082
Scott a �ty�i dal�� mu�i zahynuli
p�i sv� zp�te�n� cest�.
109
00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:25,171
16 kg kamen� a fosili�,
110
00:08:25,240 --> 00:08:27,686
vzorky, kter� t�hli na sv� zp�te�n� cest�,
111
00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,565
byly objeveny pobl� m�sta, kde zem�eli.
112
00:08:36,120 --> 00:08:41,445
Dal��ch 44 let se nikdo na p�l nedostal
a� do roku 1956,
113
00:08:41,520 --> 00:08:44,842
kdy zde byla postavena prvn� v�deck� z�kladna.
114
00:08:47,120 --> 00:08:49,964
Mal� skupina z n�mo�nictva Spojen�ch st�t�
115
00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:51,963
sem dopravila za pomoci letounu materi�l,
116
00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:56,011
aby mohla b�t vybudov�na prvn�
Amundsen-Scottova stanice na Ji�n�m p�lu,
117
00:08:56,480 --> 00:09:00,121
�est d�ev�n�ch chat uprost�ed
pr�zdn�ho ledovcov�ho p��krovu.
118
00:09:01,760 --> 00:09:05,321
Je�t� ve stejn�m roce skupina v�dc�
na tomto m�st� p�ezimovala,
119
00:09:05,400 --> 00:09:10,645
a byli to prvn� lid�, kte�� kdy za�ili nejdel��
a nejtemn�j�� zimu na planet�.
120
00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:15,323
Star� d�ev�n� chaty byly v�roce 1970 nahrazeny
121
00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:17,368
touto gigantickou kopul�.
122
00:09:18,800 --> 00:09:21,121
Ale tohle u� je tak� nahrazeno,
123
00:09:21,200 --> 00:09:26,047
jej� panely byly rozmontov�ny
a odstran�ny beze stopy v�roce 2010,
124
00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:30,364
proto�e tak to u ka�d� um�l� ��sti
v�Antarktid� mus� b�t.
125
00:09:31,640 --> 00:09:36,328
Nejnov�j�� stanice Ji�n�ho p�lu byla
navr�ena tak, aby vydr�ela extr�my.
126
00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:40,530
Jej� zak�iven� boky usm�r�uj� v�tr
a stoj� na pilotech,
127
00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:43,570
kter� m��ou b�t zvednuty, aby se p�izp�sobily
nahromad�n�mu sn�hu,
128
00:09:43,640 --> 00:09:47,247
kter� ka�d�m rokem nar�st� o 20 cm.
129
00:09:49,520 --> 00:09:53,127
Tohle v�echno je postaveno daleko
od deprimuj�c� b�l� pr�zdnoty,
130
00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:55,202
kter� museli �elit Amundsen a Scott.
131
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:59,046
Byli by ur�it� ohromen�, kdyby vid�li,
co tu dnes existuje.
132
00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,205
Za�posledn� stolet� v�da urazila dlouhou cestu,
133
00:10:07,280 --> 00:10:11,842
st�le jsou v�ak c�le t�ch, kte�� sem p�ijdou,
v�mnoha ohledech stejn�.
134
00:10:16,200 --> 00:10:19,761
Tohle je m�sto, kde v�dci sleduj� podneb�,
135
00:10:19,840 --> 00:10:22,161
vypou�t�j� meteorologick� bal�ny dvakr�t za den,
136
00:10:22,240 --> 00:10:26,564
aby sb�rali d�le�it� data
o �rovni oz�nu v�na�� atmosf��e.
137
00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:36,850
O Ji�n�m p�lu se ��k�,
�e m� nej�ist�� vzduch na Zemi
138
00:10:36,920 --> 00:10:38,331
a jeho vzorky se sb�raj� tady,
139
00:10:38,400 --> 00:10:42,644
v Atmosf�rick� v�zkumn� observato�i,
funguj�c� ji� 50 let.
140
00:10:42,720 --> 00:10:48,363
Je dlouhodobou z�kladnou pro plyny
jako jsou kysli�n�k uhli�it�, nebo oxid uhli�it�,
141
00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:51,683
a tak� pro sb�r �daj�, kter� jsou
rozhoduj�c� v�modern� klimatologii.
142
00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:55,651
V sou�asnosti je zm�na klimatu �hav�m t�matem
143
00:10:55,760 --> 00:11:01,005
a je opravdu velmi d�le�it�,
abychom monitorovali �rove� oxidu uhli�it�ho.
144
00:11:01,080 --> 00:11:04,607
V�podstat� chceme zjistit, jestli se hodnota zvy�uje,
145
00:11:04,680 --> 00:11:06,569
anebo o kolik kles�, nebo�
146
00:11:06,640 --> 00:11:10,008
Tohle dlouhodob� zaznamen�v�n�
n�m to velmi dob�e uk�e.
147
00:11:10,080 --> 00:11:14,130
Hlavn� tady dole z�sk�v�me
opravdu velmi dobr� celkov� pr�m�r,
148
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:15,725
proto�e tu nep�sob� ��dn� m�stn� vlivy.
149
00:11:15,800 --> 00:11:20,522
M��eme potvrdit, �e nam��en� v�sledky nejsou
ovlivn�ny t�m, �e bychom byli vedle n�jak�ho m�sta.
150
00:11:29,400 --> 00:11:32,051
A nejde jen o sou�asn� podneb�,
151
00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:34,168
kter� tu m��eme sledovat.
152
00:11:38,680 --> 00:11:41,763
Led Ji�n�ho p�lu je skv�l� m�sto
153
00:11:41,840 --> 00:11:44,366
ke zkoum�n� na�� minulosti.
154
00:11:45,880 --> 00:11:48,770
Tohle je p��slu�enstv� ledov� kostky,
155
00:11:48,840 --> 00:11:52,925
elektr�rny pro ohromn� mno�stv� podzemn�ch senzor�,
156
00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,765
kter� vyu��v� p�vodn� Antarktick� led
157
00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:58,161
jako p��rodn� laborato�, ve kter� se studuj�
158
00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:00,766
po��tky zrodu na�� planety.
159
00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:08,606
Ledov� kostka sv�m objemem zab�r� kilometry krychlov�,
ale je ukryta hluboko pod povrchem.
160
00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:12,051
K vyvrt�n� d�r do ledovce se pou��v� zah��t� vrt�k,
161
00:12:12,120 --> 00:12:14,691
kter� zajede a� do hloubky dva kilometry,
162
00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:17,889
a cel� tenhle proces trv� p�ibli�n� 48 hodin.
163
00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:29,643
Do d�r jsou spu�t�ny �et�zce foto sn�ma��,
164
00:12:29,720 --> 00:12:34,487
kter� sleduj� drobn� stopy ��stic,
proch�zej�c� ledem.
165
00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:37,521
Tyhle ��stice se naz�vaj� Neutrina
166
00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:41,400
a jsou utv��eny miliardy let od zrodu planety.
167
00:12:43,040 --> 00:12:45,964
Neutrina jsou extr�mn� slo�it� zjistiteln�,
168
00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:50,410
ale jak proch�zej� skrz planetu Zemi
a vstupuj� do �ist�ho, pr�zra�n�ho ledu,
169
00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:53,450
rozpadnou se na atomy,
170
00:12:53,520 --> 00:12:57,844
vyd�vaj�ce drobn� z�blesky modr�ho sv�tla,
kter� prozrazuje jejich p��tomnost.
171
00:12:59,160 --> 00:13:01,322
Ledov� kostka je Neutrinov�m teleskopem,
172
00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:03,323
kter� funguje stejn� jako norm�ln� teleskop
173
00:13:03,400 --> 00:13:05,482
a pokou��me se t�m vytvo�it obraz planety Zem�,
174
00:13:05,560 --> 00:13:07,801
ale m�sto vyu�it� sv�tla, pou��v�me ��stice.
175
00:13:08,920 --> 00:13:10,001
Co se zjist�
176
00:13:10,080 --> 00:13:12,367
mapov�n�m sm�ru t�chto ��stic
177
00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:14,488
poskytne fascinuj�c� pohled
178
00:13:14,560 --> 00:13:17,803
do vesm�ru a po��tku �asu.
179
00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:31,603
Ledovce Antarktidy n�m tak� m��ou
pomoci pochopit na�� minulost.
180
00:13:31,680 --> 00:13:35,651
Daj� se tu naj�t informace,
kter� jsou velmi v�znamn� pro�sou�asnost.
181
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:59,891
Tohle dalekonosn� letadlo DC-3
bylo postaveno v�roce 1942,
182
00:13:59,960 --> 00:14:03,760
je ale vybaveno nejmodern�j��m radarem,
schopn�m proniknout do hloubky
183
00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:06,411
a efektivn� mapovat v�e pod ledem.
184
00:14:10,440 --> 00:14:12,522
Tohle letadlo je n�co
jako mobiln� laborato�,
185
00:14:12,600 --> 00:14:16,446
ze kter� v�dci m��ou mapovat kilometry
neprozkouman�ho ter�nu,
186
00:14:16,520 --> 00:14:21,048
nejen na povrchu, ale i hluboko dole,
kde se led potk�v� se sk�lou.
187
00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:28,927
Tohle letadlo je naz�v�no
leteckou geodetickou z�kladnou.
188
00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:31,970
A z�kladna jako je tahle umo��uje
189
00:14:33,680 --> 00:14:35,444
propojovat r�zn� skupiny dat.
190
00:14:35,520 --> 00:14:39,047
V tomto p��pad� m�me 14 n�stroj�,
operuj�c�ch sou�asn�.
191
00:14:39,120 --> 00:14:43,330
Ka�d� z�nich m� za �kol charakterizovat
192
00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,802
geologii a glaciologii
193
00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:49,201
v Antarktick�m regionu,
nad kter�m pr�v� te� p�el�t�me.
194
00:14:49,920 --> 00:14:52,048
Led, kter� Antarktidu pokr�v�
195
00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:54,487
je v�ce ne� 4 km siln�.
196
00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:58,007
Zakr�v� tak horsk� p�sma, vulk�ny a jezera
197
00:14:58,080 --> 00:15:02,290
a m�sta, kde jeho v�ha stla�uje pevninu
daleko pod �rove� mo�sk� hladiny.
198
00:15:02,640 --> 00:15:05,325
Je neuv��iteln�,
jak� v�ci se tam dole d�j�
199
00:15:05,400 --> 00:15:08,370
a kter� bychom nepoznali bez t�chto p��stroj�.
200
00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:10,206
Kdy� se pod�v�te ven z�okna,
201
00:15:10,280 --> 00:15:13,363
v�echno co vid�te je jen led,
kter� je tak daleko, kam a� oko dohl�dne
202
00:15:13,440 --> 00:15:16,284
a lehce m��ete p�elet�t
203
00:15:16,360 --> 00:15:19,762
p�es horsk� p�sma a skalnat� hory.
204
00:15:21,440 --> 00:15:24,842
Nav�t�vit Antarktidu
je velmi neoby�ejn� z�itek.
205
00:15:25,640 --> 00:15:29,087
Je to �est b�t sou��st� programu,
206
00:15:29,160 --> 00:15:32,482
kter� z�sk�v� tak d�le�it� �daje
207
00:15:34,120 --> 00:15:36,088
k pochopen� na�eho
p��rodn�ho prost�ed�,
208
00:15:36,160 --> 00:15:37,571
kter� jsou jinak obt�n� dostupn�.
209
00:15:39,560 --> 00:15:43,451
Antarktick� led se z�klidov�ho stavu
d�v� do pohybu,
210
00:15:43,520 --> 00:15:47,809
vyt�k� z�nej�ir�� ��sti pevninsk�ho
ledov�ho p��krovu sm�rem k mo�i.
211
00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:52,486
A co v�c, led se rychle m�n�.
212
00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:55,690
Je t�k� si to p�edstavit,
ale pokud by ve�ker� tento led rozt�l,
213
00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:00,209
zvedlo by to celkovou hladinu mo��
o v�ce ne� 60 metr�.
214
00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:09,009
V�zkumn� programy, jako jsou tyhle,
jsou �ivotn� d�le�it�.
215
00:16:09,080 --> 00:16:11,082
Pot�ebujeme zn�t mno�stv� tohoto ledu
216
00:16:11,160 --> 00:16:13,527
a l�pe porozum�t jeho chov�n� p�edt�m,
217
00:16:13,600 --> 00:16:17,241
ne� budeme moci dlouhodob� p�edpov�d�t
budoucnost tohoto ledovcov�ho p��krovu
218
00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:20,688
a co to postupn� bude znamenat
pro n�s ostatn�.
219
00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:38,369
M�sta, kde zm�ny prob�haj� nejrychleji
220
00:16:38,440 --> 00:16:40,761
jsou na okraj�ch pevninsk�ho ledov�ho p��krovu,
221
00:16:40,840 --> 00:16:43,446
kde ledov� trhliny vedou p�es mo�e.
222
00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:48,330
Tam, kde je vy�adov�no
mnohem v�ce v�deck� pozornosti
223
00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:50,243
se nyn� v�zkumy zam��uj�.
224
00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:54,924
Pracuji tady dole u� 25 let,
225
00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,766
ale nikdy jsem nepoci�oval
v�t�� pot�ebu nal�havosti
226
00:16:58,840 --> 00:17:01,047
ne� p�i�tomhle projektu.
227
00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:03,926
V�me, �e hladiny mo�� se pr�v� te� zvedaj�.
228
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:06,606
Zvedaly se v cel�m�posledn�m stolet�,
229
00:17:06,680 --> 00:17:09,729
ale te� se zvedaj� rychleji ne� p�edt�m
230
00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:12,280
a my o�ek�v�me, �e zrychlov�n� bude pokra�ovat.
231
00:17:13,120 --> 00:17:16,044
Abychom pochopili, co oce�n d�l� s ledem,
232
00:17:16,120 --> 00:17:18,202
mus�me se dostat do oce�nu.
233
00:17:18,280 --> 00:17:21,887
A cesta, jak se do n�j dostat
vede p�es tuhle ledovou plotnu.
234
00:17:21,960 --> 00:17:24,122
Tak�e pou��v�me vrt�k s�horkou vodou,
235
00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:27,170
abychom ud�lali d�ru, rozpou�t�me j� po cel� d�lce,
abychom se dostali skrze ledovou plotnu.
236
00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:31,685
Touhle d�rou potom m��eme prostr�it profiloskop.
237
00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:38,482
Oce�nsk� profiloskop
je speci�ln� navr�en� nahr�vac� za��zen�,
238
00:17:38,560 --> 00:17:41,769
kter� je spu�t�no ledovou plotnou
do oce�nu pod n�.
239
00:17:42,480 --> 00:17:45,882
Je to jedine�n� a drah� kus vybaven�.
240
00:17:46,280 --> 00:17:49,568
Mus�m to tak dob�e um�stit, jak jen to jde.
241
00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:54,847
Nem�me tu ��dn� n�hradn� d�ly na tuhle v�c.
Zat�m ale to ale dobr�.
242
00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,163
Nikdy opravdu nev�te, jak to bude fungovat,
243
00:17:58,240 --> 00:18:00,368
dokud nejste tady venku a ned�l�te s t�m.
244
00:18:00,440 --> 00:18:01,805
V nadch�zej�c�ch m�s�c�ch,
245
00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:04,565
bude oce�nsk� profiloskop p�ed�vat informace
246
00:18:04,640 --> 00:18:07,530
o tom, co se d�je pod povrchem ledu,
247
00:18:07,600 --> 00:18:09,728
zp�tky do laborato�e v Monterey.
248
00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:12,367
Ur�� n�m to typ vody,
249
00:18:12,440 --> 00:18:14,329
kter� prot�k� pod ledem
250
00:18:14,400 --> 00:18:16,846
a typ vody, kter� vyt�k� z�ledu.
251
00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:20,686
Podle v�sledk� pozn�me,
co se uvnit� ledu d�je,
252
00:18:20,760 --> 00:18:24,287
kolik vody odt�lo,
proto�e, to co zap���i�uje t�n� ledu,
253
00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:27,489
zeslabuje ledovou plotnu a tahle ledov� plotna�
254
00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:30,962
Ten�� vrstva ledu tak� nem��e udr�et
pevninsk� ledov� p��krov.
255
00:18:31,040 --> 00:18:34,681
Tak�e, jakmile se ledov� plotna
v�ce zeslab�, posun ledovc� se zrychl�.
256
00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:38,567
To co tady d�l�me je velmi d�le�it�,
proto�e�
257
00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:41,723
�rove� hladiny mo�� po cel�m sv�t� bude ovlivn�na,
258
00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:43,802
kdy� se Antarktida zmen��.
259
00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:46,008
A t�m�� polovina sv�tov� populace
260
00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:49,926
�ije pobl� pob�e��
a je ovlivn�na zm�nami mo�sk� hladiny.
261
00:18:50,920 --> 00:18:54,606
Antarktidu m��eme poci�ovat
jako jin� konec planety,
262
00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:58,002
ale cokoliv se tu stane,
ovlivn� n�s v�echny.
263
00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:01,562
M��eme si myslet o tomto kontinentu,
�e je jen zamrzl�,
264
00:19:01,640 --> 00:19:04,371
ale ve skute�nosti si tu led
�ije vlastn�m �ivotem.
265
00:19:06,360 --> 00:19:08,931
A nikde to nen� viditeln�j��,
266
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:11,207
ne� na samotn�m Ji�n�m p�lu,
267
00:19:11,280 --> 00:19:14,489
kter� p�edt�m a pot�,
co ho lidstvo nav�t�vilo,
268
00:19:14,560 --> 00:19:17,245
je st�le v pohybu.
269
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:21,728
Ahoj, nejprve a p�edev��m
bych r�d pod�koval �pln� ka�d�mu z�V�s,
270
00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:23,290
�e jste se tu dneska se�li.
271
00:19:23,360 --> 00:19:25,886
Je fantastick� vid�t takovou velkou ��ast
272
00:19:25,960 --> 00:19:28,645
na tomhle tradi�n�m setk�n� na Ji�n�m p�lu.
273
00:19:29,280 --> 00:19:32,409
To, pro� tu dneska jsme,
je ka�doro�n� p�ezna�kov�n�
274
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:34,801
zem�pisn�ho Ji�n�ho p�lu.
275
00:19:34,880 --> 00:19:38,885
Nyn�, jak v�ichni v�te, tahle stanice
Ji�n�ho p�lu je na��m domovem,
276
00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:42,601
stoj� na vrcholu 3�000 metr� hlubok�ho ledovcov�ho p��krovu.
277
00:19:42,800 --> 00:19:47,203
A tenhle ledovec se posouv� o 10 metr� ka�d�m rokem,
278
00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:51,968
nebo jestli d�v�te p�ednost jin�mu p�epo�tu,
2,7 cm ka�d�m dnem.
279
00:19:52,040 --> 00:19:54,884
Je mi ct� p�edstavit V�m chlapi,
280
00:19:54,960 --> 00:19:58,646
jm�nem zimn� pos�dky roku 2009,
281
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:03,725
ozna�n�k zem�pisn�ho Ji�n�ho p�lu pro rok 2010.
282
00:20:07,120 --> 00:20:12,365
Nese jmenovku ka�d�ho �lena zimn� pos�dky.
283
00:20:12,440 --> 00:20:15,683
T�mto bych V�s r�d v�echny pozval
284
00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:19,287
k ��asti p�i p�esunut� t�to zna�ky,
285
00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:23,081
na nov�, p�esn�j�� m�sto
sou�asn�ho zem�pisn�ho Ji�n�ho p�lu.
286
00:20:24,960 --> 00:20:29,409
Ob�adn� ozna�n�k a st�tn� vlajky Antarktick� aliance
287
00:20:29,480 --> 00:20:33,644
slou�� jako p�ipom�nka,
�e Antarktida nepat�� nikomu,
288
00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:36,803
ale je vyhrazen� pro z�jmy v�dy
289
00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:39,486
a pokroku v�emu lidstvu.
29548
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