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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:03,790 --> 00:00:06,500 Hello, everyone, I'm what you do with your blood. 2 00:00:06,550 --> 00:00:11,500 And today we are going to learn about some basics of sequel. 3 00:00:11,500 --> 00:00:17,020 Even before grading, we need to understand this language, the basics of language, the purpose of 4 00:00:17,020 --> 00:00:17,190 it. 5 00:00:17,410 --> 00:00:23,020 So that is going to be the overview for today's lecture to start with. 6 00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:34,180 You want to discuss about what is a school, what can a school do, we are going to give a brief introduction 7 00:00:34,180 --> 00:00:37,010 to RDBMS, which we talked about in our previous lecture. 8 00:00:37,400 --> 00:00:43,780 You're going to talk about a school and its process as a property that every database follows. 9 00:00:44,140 --> 00:00:46,850 You're going to talk about the model and relationships. 10 00:00:46,870 --> 00:00:52,690 This will give us a very brief idea about how exactly our database is being maintained, how we are 11 00:00:52,690 --> 00:00:54,250 supposed to look at the data. 12 00:00:54,490 --> 00:00:56,110 We get a brief idea about this. 13 00:00:56,420 --> 00:01:00,560 And last but not the least, we are going to talk about database normalization. 14 00:01:00,790 --> 00:01:07,300 Why is it necessary and what is the purpose of using normalization technique in our databases? 15 00:01:08,230 --> 00:01:11,050 So to start with, what is a school? 16 00:01:13,230 --> 00:01:20,120 It is basically stands for a structured query language as Google lets you access and manipulate databases. 17 00:01:20,250 --> 00:01:28,170 So as we talk about database in our last lecture to access the database, we need to learn a language 18 00:01:28,170 --> 00:01:31,800 or we need to talk to database for that as well as the language. 19 00:01:32,140 --> 00:01:36,060 And what does this have school do is that it will help you access a database. 20 00:01:36,420 --> 00:01:42,090 And if you want to change some records in it or you want to insert your records in it, then that also 21 00:01:42,090 --> 00:01:45,090 is possible using this language. 22 00:01:45,090 --> 00:01:51,120 As I have already mentioned, it is used to try to update, modify, delete or insert any new information 23 00:01:51,270 --> 00:01:52,080 in database. 24 00:01:52,790 --> 00:01:56,250 It is this kind of language for all the RDBMS is. 25 00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:58,530 So that is relational database systems. 26 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:06,200 But there are various different systems available, such as my sequel and this is what I can say. 27 00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:13,290 This information both Green and Tober, but they all use rescuable as the standard database language. 28 00:02:13,890 --> 00:02:19,500 So as we know that there are so many platforms, the communication language still remains the same. 29 00:02:19,660 --> 00:02:24,330 It's only a few syntactical changes which has to be done to your query. 30 00:02:24,480 --> 00:02:28,920 Apart from that, the basic standard still remains the same if you want to access data on different 31 00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:29,580 platforms. 32 00:02:31,600 --> 00:02:33,130 So what can Esquibel do? 33 00:02:34,050 --> 00:02:41,430 It allows users to access data in the relational database management systems, it allows to describe 34 00:02:41,430 --> 00:02:41,910 the data. 35 00:02:42,120 --> 00:02:49,710 So let's say I am new to a company and I want to know that how exactly the backend of this company works. 36 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:53,340 I can just get access to the database again myself. 37 00:02:53,350 --> 00:02:56,580 Describe the data that how exactly it is being stored. 38 00:02:56,940 --> 00:02:58,820 I can understand the structure of the data. 39 00:02:58,950 --> 00:03:07,140 So it makes very, very much feasible as a newcomer to understand exactly how we are going to process 40 00:03:07,140 --> 00:03:09,660 in this system, how we are going to process in the organization. 41 00:03:09,930 --> 00:03:14,240 It allows the users to define the data in a database and manipulate the data. 42 00:03:14,550 --> 00:03:21,540 Just as I've told you that let's say you are working in a banking organization and if you want to update 43 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:26,490 the account balance of any particular user, you can do that if you are using databases and if you are 44 00:03:26,490 --> 00:03:27,440 using my sequence. 45 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:32,220 But if you are using a manual file structure, then that is going to be a tedious work. 46 00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:34,350 Very hard to find the file of the user. 47 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:37,280 First, you have to manually see how much balance is left. 48 00:03:37,290 --> 00:03:43,320 You have to add yourself and you have to update the final amount into the account balance, which is 49 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:43,970 a tedious work. 50 00:03:44,100 --> 00:03:49,850 And this is where we are using database allows users to create and drop databases and tables. 51 00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:55,740 Let's say there was some feature in my organization which is no more available and I want to drop that 52 00:03:55,740 --> 00:04:00,120 day, but I can do that because I have access to do so and it still allows me to do so. 53 00:04:01,110 --> 00:04:08,700 Apart from that, it will allow users to retrieve and sort of delete, create new DBAs, it can also 54 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,780 help users to create views, stored procedures, functions in a database. 55 00:04:13,050 --> 00:04:15,690 Now, where are these stored procedures and functions used? 56 00:04:15,930 --> 00:04:21,000 So what happens is that in the database, if there is one particular task that has to be done every 57 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:21,250 day. 58 00:04:21,600 --> 00:04:24,570 So let's say every day we have to check that. 59 00:04:24,570 --> 00:04:29,580 What was the status of my user the previous day at the end of the previous day? 60 00:04:29,880 --> 00:04:36,120 So in that case, I will write an automated code in the form of stored procedures or functions, and 61 00:04:36,330 --> 00:04:37,110 I will be. 62 00:04:38,570 --> 00:04:44,930 Recording and be automating those transaction statements so that I don't have to manually do this operation 63 00:04:44,930 --> 00:04:45,610 or work every day. 64 00:04:45,710 --> 00:04:49,210 That's when we have to use stored procedures and function how to use. 65 00:04:49,220 --> 00:04:56,780 We will definitely talk about it later because it has the powers to execute queries against a database 66 00:04:57,080 --> 00:04:58,430 or more than one databases. 67 00:04:58,730 --> 00:05:00,740 It can set permissions or tables procedures. 68 00:05:00,740 --> 00:05:06,800 And we know this can be a scenario wherein one particular table is created, which I don't want anyone 69 00:05:06,800 --> 00:05:13,460 else in this organization to see so I can create some permissions, some rights so that only I can access 70 00:05:13,460 --> 00:05:15,710 that data and only I can modify that data. 71 00:05:16,010 --> 00:05:20,300 So this is the part where we were talking about data security and data privacy. 72 00:05:21,020 --> 00:05:24,010 So that's when you will be of great help to us. 73 00:05:25,230 --> 00:05:26,130 Moving to next. 74 00:05:28,610 --> 00:05:33,020 No, just as I told you, that sequel is standard language. 75 00:05:33,080 --> 00:05:37,610 It is standard, but there are different versions of obscure language. 76 00:05:37,610 --> 00:05:43,550 So to be compliant with the agency standard and standard is one of those standardization language, 77 00:05:43,550 --> 00:05:45,170 which we will follow. 78 00:05:45,620 --> 00:05:51,830 But again, the problem with that is that they all support the major commands, such as select update, 79 00:05:51,890 --> 00:05:57,350 delete, insert, where these are very common commands which can be used all over the platforms on different 80 00:05:57,350 --> 00:05:58,650 platforms in a similar manner. 81 00:05:58,670 --> 00:06:00,130 It works out in a similar manner. 82 00:06:00,410 --> 00:06:07,430 That would be one or two, maybe more than that, commands which are available only for a given database, 83 00:06:07,580 --> 00:06:08,870 but in four different databases. 84 00:06:08,870 --> 00:06:09,600 It might not be a. 85 00:06:17,410 --> 00:06:25,960 To start with now, we have completed what the school does and what is the advantage of assuming no 86 00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:32,920 introduction to RDBMS, a small introduction of the relation between Asuman and RDBMS, how these boys 87 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:35,080 are going to be a part of our course throughout. 88 00:06:35,130 --> 00:06:36,970 I will give you a brief introduction for that. 89 00:06:37,330 --> 00:06:40,080 I give you my chance for relational database management system. 90 00:06:40,390 --> 00:06:47,530 It is the basis for rescuing and for all modern database systems such as that is my sequence over provided 91 00:06:47,530 --> 00:06:48,760 by my Microsoft. 92 00:06:48,760 --> 00:06:56,740 We have IBM DBE do we have Oracle, MySQL, which is an open software and Microsoft access for all this. 93 00:06:57,250 --> 00:06:58,930 The base will remain the same. 94 00:06:58,930 --> 00:07:01,570 That is secured for all the relational database systems. 95 00:07:01,570 --> 00:07:02,720 The base will remain the same. 96 00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:10,060 So if you are Master Eskew and you're very much my student in school, to use it on all different platforms 97 00:07:10,060 --> 00:07:10,410 as well. 98 00:07:11,990 --> 00:07:18,950 The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables, as we have already discussed the data 99 00:07:18,950 --> 00:07:19,940 that is being stored. 100 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:22,960 It is in the form of a payment to the Verizon data structure. 101 00:07:22,970 --> 00:07:25,970 You will find your data within it in a structural format. 102 00:07:26,450 --> 00:07:31,310 A table is a collection of related data entry, and it consists of columns and rules, which I've already 103 00:07:31,310 --> 00:07:39,110 told you as columns are referred to as fields or attributes when the rules are Dabbous or records. 104 00:07:41,150 --> 00:07:48,020 Moving to next Monday, a school process now we have understood that what is a school we have understood, 105 00:07:48,710 --> 00:07:52,880 we have understood RDBMS not let us just try to force us to visualize it. 106 00:07:52,880 --> 00:07:58,700 How does our school query is going to be performing inside the system? 107 00:07:59,090 --> 00:08:05,480 So when you are giving an Esquibel command for any RDBMS, the system determines the best way to carry 108 00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:07,370 out your request and sequel. 109 00:08:07,370 --> 00:08:14,140 InGen figuring out how to interpret the task so it is as good as I am giving one command in my language 110 00:08:14,540 --> 00:08:20,900 and there is some translator in between, that is some engine in between, which is translating this 111 00:08:20,900 --> 00:08:27,980 command into another language, which is very much understandable by the other end of the system. 112 00:08:28,220 --> 00:08:29,690 So let's say I'm talking to my friend. 113 00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:31,400 I can speak only one language. 114 00:08:31,400 --> 00:08:32,650 I'm speaking in that language. 115 00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:37,680 There is a translator in between which is translating this language into the other languages, which 116 00:08:37,700 --> 00:08:39,060 might which might then get interesting. 117 00:08:39,440 --> 00:08:41,930 So that exactly is what is happening here. 118 00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:47,630 Equal that giving giving some kind of command, which is very much user-friendly. 119 00:08:47,820 --> 00:08:50,540 It is more of an English structured language. 120 00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:51,940 So we understand the command. 121 00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:56,800 But how do our database understand that so far that we have is different components. 122 00:08:57,110 --> 00:09:03,500 We have query despatcher, we have optimization engines, we have classic query engine, we have a school 123 00:09:03,500 --> 00:09:07,880 query engine, etc. There are many more, but we'll discuss a few in. 124 00:09:08,030 --> 00:09:15,980 Just so what happens is once you have given your school query, it goes to the query language processor 125 00:09:16,340 --> 00:09:21,170 there, it will pass and optimize the command that you have given to the database. 126 00:09:21,590 --> 00:09:25,310 Now that optimized advised query will come to database engine. 127 00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:32,120 This DBMS engine understands that exactly what information is required by the user, what it does, 128 00:09:32,120 --> 00:09:34,400 it contains the physical database. 129 00:09:34,670 --> 00:09:39,890 It retains all that information that I want and it will get back to us in the form of of you. 130 00:09:40,890 --> 00:09:47,880 So this is the basic process that would be followed and this will be more or less the same for all the 131 00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:52,510 platforms, let it be in the sequel, my sequel or Oracle or whatever. 132 00:09:52,740 --> 00:09:55,370 So the process of what some are more or less remain the same. 133 00:09:55,800 --> 00:09:59,660 But this is how our Gwenny is being translated to the physical database. 134 00:09:59,670 --> 00:10:02,040 And from there we are getting back the data. 135 00:10:03,750 --> 00:10:13,170 Moving to next, we have asset properties, so when we talk about databases, it is necessary that we 136 00:10:13,170 --> 00:10:15,750 need to understand what asset properties are. 137 00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:23,100 OK, so to start with a sense for a city, it makes sure that the entire transaction takes place at 138 00:10:23,100 --> 00:10:24,300 once or doesn't happen. 139 00:10:25,230 --> 00:10:27,830 So consider the bank example, your. 140 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:35,000 This example is very unique, and it would be very helpful for you to understand that what exactly these 141 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:35,750 properties mean. 142 00:10:36,290 --> 00:10:38,000 So what is happening here is that. 143 00:10:40,070 --> 00:10:44,060 We'll talk about every property one moment, so it is a mess. 144 00:10:45,550 --> 00:10:53,400 So what is happening is that there are two ways either complete the transaction or just don't start 145 00:10:53,420 --> 00:10:53,700 at all. 146 00:10:53,720 --> 00:10:56,560 Just go back to the original of the original. 147 00:10:56,690 --> 00:11:03,140 It was by this we mean that either the entire transaction takes place at once or doesn't happen at all. 148 00:11:03,410 --> 00:11:08,770 Let's say there are five transactions to be carried, but there is some system failure after my third 149 00:11:08,780 --> 00:11:09,450 transaction. 150 00:11:09,860 --> 00:11:12,230 In this case, there are two things that are to be done. 151 00:11:12,440 --> 00:11:18,350 Either execute two instructions and then commit your data, which is not possible because there was 152 00:11:18,350 --> 00:11:19,200 a hardware failure. 153 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:25,110 So the one thing about that transaction, return and reward those three transactions also. 154 00:11:25,370 --> 00:11:28,960 So again, the database will be back to the position where it was originally. 155 00:11:29,360 --> 00:11:36,740 So hydrophilic has not stopped our data flows, has not the details in our system. 156 00:11:36,750 --> 00:11:41,660 So which is a very good property of a database, which doesn't happen when you are using a file structure. 157 00:11:42,410 --> 00:11:47,270 By this, we mean that either the entire transaction takes place at once or doesn't happen. 158 00:11:47,270 --> 00:11:51,890 I don't that is normally that is transactions do not occur partially. 159 00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:58,800 Each transaction is considered as one unit and either runs to completion or is not executed at dawn. 160 00:11:59,330 --> 00:12:01,160 It involves following the operations. 161 00:12:01,700 --> 00:12:08,450 A board and a board means if transaction and what changes made to databases are not visible. 162 00:12:09,420 --> 00:12:12,380 Government means a transaction, changes made out of. 163 00:12:13,720 --> 00:12:19,870 So basically, is this all or nothing rule, we will do one thing, we will try to understand the example 164 00:12:19,870 --> 00:12:21,430 that is given to us now. 165 00:12:21,430 --> 00:12:29,200 Consider that these two transactions consisting of the one and we have to use what we have to do is 166 00:12:29,200 --> 00:12:33,190 we have to transfer 100 rupees from account to account. 167 00:12:33,190 --> 00:12:33,470 Why? 168 00:12:33,760 --> 00:12:40,030 So overall, my money, even if I runs 100 rupees, I have to have seven and piece in my bank. 169 00:12:40,330 --> 00:12:46,060 OK, considering it isn't a very ideal situation that there are only two accounts in my bank and I have 170 00:12:46,420 --> 00:12:52,570 700 or 500 with Mexico, 200 with my account, I have to transmit hundred would be some extra way. 171 00:12:52,810 --> 00:12:54,790 My daughter still should remain seven hundred. 172 00:12:55,930 --> 00:13:02,740 So now you're let's say if the transaction fails after completion of T1, but before completion of the 173 00:13:02,740 --> 00:13:05,740 do so you had what is the purpose is that. 174 00:13:07,780 --> 00:13:14,210 I have to transfer 100 rupees to account, to my knowledge, say my hands are deducted from account. 175 00:13:15,280 --> 00:13:20,530 But just before it got added to account, why there was a hardware failure. 176 00:13:21,070 --> 00:13:27,750 So now the system has to roll back everything and it has to get back to the original position that this 177 00:13:27,760 --> 00:13:31,050 extra, again, had 500 rupees and we should have 200 rupees. 178 00:13:31,390 --> 00:13:37,230 You will never see that it says 400 rupees because it got successful and then there was a hardware failure. 179 00:13:37,420 --> 00:13:38,860 So why is that to do under? 180 00:13:39,250 --> 00:13:43,300 This will never happen because this is again, inconsistency with data database does not allow. 181 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:49,620 So this 400, which got changed in X will again be reverted to 500 in case of failure. 182 00:13:50,380 --> 00:13:56,920 But if everything goes right, then after deducting rupees from X second, I will have 100 rupees in 183 00:13:56,920 --> 00:14:03,040 my account and after adding hundred to my account, I will have three hundred rupees in my bank account, 184 00:14:03,550 --> 00:14:07,520 in my account, which means my controllers are going back to 700 rupees. 185 00:14:07,540 --> 00:14:09,580 That means is consistent. 186 00:14:11,650 --> 00:14:17,400 So that is what has been written here, this results in an inconsistent state that I told you that excess 187 00:14:17,410 --> 00:14:19,520 water and minus two hundred rupees. 188 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:26,310 That is, if my transactions are going to get partially, that will not happen in any case. 189 00:14:26,710 --> 00:14:33,260 Therefore, the transaction must be executed entirely in order to ensure correctness of the domestic. 190 00:14:34,200 --> 00:14:40,470 So either completed a complete all the transactions or just do not complete anything or just not executed 191 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:42,600 anything, that's what Thomas Ities. 192 00:14:43,740 --> 00:14:50,100 Next, we talk about consistency now consistency is the most important property, because when we are 193 00:14:50,100 --> 00:14:56,220 dealing with some important bank related things or some organizational data, it is very much important 194 00:14:56,220 --> 00:15:00,130 that all your updates are consistent throughout in all your tables. 195 00:15:00,540 --> 00:15:06,870 So what consistency means that integrity constraints must be maintained so that the database is consistent 196 00:15:06,870 --> 00:15:09,040 before and after the transaction. 197 00:15:09,210 --> 00:15:11,170 It refers to the correctness of a database. 198 00:15:11,190 --> 00:15:12,720 This is more like similar to a. 199 00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:19,880 Now, what we're talking about are trying to focus yet is that the total amount, as I mentioned before 200 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:21,650 and after the transition, must be maintained. 201 00:15:22,010 --> 00:15:26,810 So before my transition, my total was seven hundred rupees, five hundred and two hundred on my account. 202 00:15:26,840 --> 00:15:31,060 So many people were 700 rupees after some transactions within the account. 203 00:15:31,280 --> 00:15:35,990 My again today should not change, which shows me that my data is consistent. 204 00:15:36,260 --> 00:15:43,190 And after 31 and people, my total is back to seven hundred and three hundred and Viacom, which shows 205 00:15:43,190 --> 00:15:44,900 that my database is consistent. 206 00:15:45,880 --> 00:15:52,180 Inconsistency would have occurred just in case, even complete, but they do face. 207 00:15:53,340 --> 00:16:01,380 As a result, this transaction is incomplete overall, but right now, as you can see, we have a consistent 208 00:16:01,380 --> 00:16:04,980 data in our demand, so we are good to go with consistency. 209 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:12,620 Next we have for discussion is isolation the third property of asset properties. 210 00:16:13,350 --> 00:16:19,380 This property ensures that multiple transactions can occur concurrently without leading to the inconsistency 211 00:16:19,380 --> 00:16:23,450 of databased transactions occur independently without interference. 212 00:16:24,490 --> 00:16:30,640 Changes occurring in a particular transaction will not be visible to any other transaction until that 213 00:16:30,640 --> 00:16:34,660 particular change in the transaction is returned to memory or has been committed. 214 00:16:35,440 --> 00:16:41,350 This property ensures that the execution of transactions concurrently will result in a state that is 215 00:16:41,350 --> 00:16:46,310 equivalent to a state that used these red excluded serially in some order. 216 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:47,890 We will go to the example. 217 00:16:47,890 --> 00:16:53,080 But before that installation is the most important property considering the bank example. 218 00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:58,990 Again, let's say that there is one account X and then there are two people, Y and Z. 219 00:16:59,350 --> 00:17:04,100 Both want to transfer some amount to my ex account. 220 00:17:04,300 --> 00:17:06,370 So in that case, what happens is that. 221 00:17:07,770 --> 00:17:15,780 The execution of Y two, X and Z two X has to happen, even if it isn't happening concurrently, there 222 00:17:15,780 --> 00:17:23,190 shouldn't be any Ghostery in the sense that when one transaction, when I was performing its action 223 00:17:23,190 --> 00:17:29,720 of depositing some amount to account, it did not know that Z was doing the same thing at the same time. 224 00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,260 But that should not change the consistency of my database. 225 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:40,980 In that case, all the operation should be working in isolation and Z should only come to know that 226 00:17:41,130 --> 00:17:45,020 the Y has deposited once it is committed. 227 00:17:45,910 --> 00:17:53,580 So the changes will only be a good enough final state in our database once it is committed so that Gammick 228 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:59,200 command is very much necessary for our transactions to be made available to other transactions. 229 00:18:00,430 --> 00:18:07,120 So that's what we're trying to focus here on, going to the example, let's say we have X equal to 500 230 00:18:07,120 --> 00:18:14,950 rupees per transaction fee and we have equal to 500 now considered to transaction fee and the could 231 00:18:15,520 --> 00:18:18,740 supposed has been executed will our way. 232 00:18:19,070 --> 00:18:21,040 OK, so that means it has been executed. 233 00:18:21,580 --> 00:18:29,530 OTTOWAY Then the court starts as a result, interleaving of oppression takes place due to which the 234 00:18:29,530 --> 00:18:33,080 court reads correct value of X, but incorrect value of life. 235 00:18:33,550 --> 00:18:38,410 So what is happening here is that once you have read write X here, you have four even entropies. 236 00:18:38,680 --> 00:18:40,970 Now your value got updated. 237 00:18:40,990 --> 00:18:42,700 That does it get multiplied by hundreds. 238 00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:44,690 So your ex has 50000. 239 00:18:45,940 --> 00:18:50,040 Now what you will try to write that value into our account. 240 00:18:50,590 --> 00:18:57,910 Look into my X value is right now fifty thousand at the same time. 241 00:18:57,910 --> 00:18:58,740 What is happening. 242 00:18:58,990 --> 00:19:01,420 My decoders is also trying to read the same data. 243 00:19:01,600 --> 00:19:06,000 OK, so you're it was 500 even it was 500. 244 00:19:06,250 --> 00:19:09,930 You're my value for exchanged which got up to 50000. 245 00:19:10,190 --> 00:19:14,020 You're my value for y changed by was 500 rupees. 246 00:19:14,110 --> 00:19:18,880 So it 500 rupees again back to transaction be it then. 247 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:27,210 Now at the same time it updated X to fifty thousand while my Z equals plus why was being performed with 248 00:19:27,220 --> 00:19:28,830 500 plus 500 rupees. 249 00:19:29,140 --> 00:19:36,340 So you're at this stage Vidas Decode does not know that X has been updated and hence it is using the 250 00:19:36,340 --> 00:19:37,000 old value. 251 00:19:38,140 --> 00:19:39,850 So what is happening here is that. 252 00:19:43,050 --> 00:19:48,820 The team got this particular schedule, this particular transaction is reading the correct value of 253 00:19:48,820 --> 00:19:55,990 X, but then it is reading the incorrect value of Y, and some can be computed as just take this example, 254 00:19:56,350 --> 00:20:00,040 because X plus why is equal to 50 or. 255 00:20:01,470 --> 00:20:02,310 I'm so sorry. 256 00:20:02,340 --> 00:20:03,360 That is a mistake. 257 00:20:04,080 --> 00:20:07,510 As white as I told you, it is 500 plus 500. 258 00:20:08,070 --> 00:20:09,540 OK, and then. 259 00:20:10,490 --> 00:20:16,340 It is trying to update that data, so you're the thing happens is that it will not be able to read by. 260 00:20:17,420 --> 00:20:21,650 Because your wife was 500 rupees and Bill, then it came to the stage. 261 00:20:22,540 --> 00:20:28,570 So both the transactions were not aware of the updates that were being made because they were not committed 262 00:20:28,570 --> 00:20:29,150 until then. 263 00:20:29,560 --> 00:20:36,850 So for ICO to read the proper data off, explain why it is mandatory that those chandy should commit 264 00:20:36,850 --> 00:20:38,260 to using the database. 265 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:44,020 Once that is done, we can make sure that whatever transactions that are happening concurrently are 266 00:20:44,030 --> 00:20:45,180 still happening correctly. 267 00:20:46,090 --> 00:20:47,980 So that is what isolation is about. 268 00:20:48,760 --> 00:20:57,430 So the basic focus of all the asset properties is that to make sure that there is no inconsistency in 269 00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:58,240 our database. 270 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:02,250 That is the major motto of the asset property. 271 00:21:04,920 --> 00:21:09,960 Hence, the transactions must take place in isolation and change should be only it should be visible 272 00:21:09,960 --> 00:21:12,000 only after they have been made to the main memory. 273 00:21:12,300 --> 00:21:17,610 So as I told you that it is necessary that whatever changes we are making to the database are supposed 274 00:21:17,610 --> 00:21:19,650 to be updated, are supposed to be committed. 275 00:21:19,860 --> 00:21:23,670 Only then if you are trying to read the data, then it is correct to read it. 276 00:21:23,970 --> 00:21:25,530 And in that case we will. 277 00:21:25,890 --> 00:21:27,840 There would be no inconsistency. 278 00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:38,190 The final property of cities durability, not this property, ensures that once a transaction is completed 279 00:21:38,190 --> 00:21:44,040 execution, the updates and modifications to the database are stored in and returned to desk. 280 00:21:44,340 --> 00:21:49,320 Now, your desk by basically mean that the main memory and they persist even if the system failure. 281 00:21:49,980 --> 00:21:57,420 So let's say I have a bank organization, all my operations are done at the end of the day and suddenly 282 00:21:57,900 --> 00:21:59,880 all my comics are also completed. 283 00:21:59,890 --> 00:22:05,640 Until then, that means I know already a bigger my database with the updated data, with the more defined 284 00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:05,920 data. 285 00:22:06,090 --> 00:22:11,880 But now what happens is that there is a system failure, not in spite of that durability. 286 00:22:12,180 --> 00:22:18,700 Property will make sure that my database is not corrupted or it is not left off. 287 00:22:19,500 --> 00:22:21,780 So that is where this property comes into the picture. 288 00:22:22,530 --> 00:22:28,530 Even if there is a system failure, my database is safe to be accessed whenever I am retrieving it from 289 00:22:28,530 --> 00:22:31,430 system, recovering from my failure. 290 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:39,060 So the acid properties in totality provide a mechanism to ensure correctness and consistency of database 291 00:22:39,300 --> 00:22:46,050 innovations, that each transaction is a group of operations that act as a single unit produces consistent 292 00:22:46,050 --> 00:22:52,430 results in isolation from other operations and updates that it makes a durable disorder. 293 00:22:53,190 --> 00:23:00,180 So basically, the only focus of acid property is around the consistency of our database, which is 294 00:23:00,180 --> 00:23:06,930 the need of the hour, because we cannot have our database inconsistent because that is the case, then 295 00:23:06,930 --> 00:23:09,410 there is a lot of tedious work which is involved. 296 00:23:09,420 --> 00:23:14,670 And again, we are not able to solve the problem, which we faced infrastructure, but everything is 297 00:23:14,670 --> 00:23:15,690 being taken care of. 298 00:23:15,760 --> 00:23:16,950 We are using a database. 299 00:23:19,580 --> 00:23:26,990 Next, now, before visualizing before starting with celebrities, it is necessary that we visualize 300 00:23:26,990 --> 00:23:32,960 how our database is and for that visualization of database we have to model. 301 00:23:33,300 --> 00:23:34,730 Now, what does this eHarmony? 302 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:37,180 It is an entity, relational model. 303 00:23:37,490 --> 00:23:40,100 It is a high level conceptual data model. 304 00:23:40,280 --> 00:23:41,120 So exactly. 305 00:23:41,120 --> 00:23:46,550 With this diagram, you can come to know that what our database looks like, what our data structures 306 00:23:46,550 --> 00:23:49,610 we are storing, what is the relationship between them? 307 00:23:49,910 --> 00:23:54,440 So this gives us a brief idea about our database. 308 00:23:55,040 --> 00:23:57,920 So I'll model it is a high level conceptual data. 309 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:04,670 More than a year modeling helps you to analyze data requirements systematically to produce a very design 310 00:24:04,670 --> 00:24:05,210 database. 311 00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:08,450 So it is very much necessary in organizations. 312 00:24:08,450 --> 00:24:14,660 Also, what happens is that initially an architecture is created that is a model is created using which 313 00:24:14,930 --> 00:24:22,430 they form a database, because this is a this gives a rough idea that how exactly begins to our data 314 00:24:22,610 --> 00:24:26,180 and how systematically or in which we can store our data. 315 00:24:26,510 --> 00:24:31,660 So this is a very mandatory step whenever we are creating a new database. 316 00:24:32,060 --> 00:24:35,270 So this becomes the first step to our modeling. 317 00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:44,390 That is, the entity relation model represents real world entities and the relationship between them. 318 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:52,640 And in the later part of the video lecture for today, I will explain what exactly is and indeed what 319 00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:55,370 is a relation, what are the attributes? 320 00:24:55,550 --> 00:24:57,250 What are the associations? 321 00:24:57,380 --> 00:24:58,610 So we are going to cover this. 322 00:24:58,760 --> 00:25:03,410 But for now, this model, it just represents different aspects. 323 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:08,540 So let's say there is some company considering Amazon for us right now. 324 00:25:09,350 --> 00:25:18,570 We have categories as it was it the Amazon Bantry or was it Amazon Prime, was it Amazon Fashion, whatever? 325 00:25:18,620 --> 00:25:20,350 So we have this category section. 326 00:25:20,540 --> 00:25:21,580 This is one table. 327 00:25:21,890 --> 00:25:24,200 So one table is one entity for us. 328 00:25:24,530 --> 00:25:28,940 And it is something related to a thing, a place on an even. 329 00:25:30,270 --> 00:25:37,110 So it is generally why is this your diagram uses that because it is a best practice to complete your 330 00:25:37,140 --> 00:25:42,990 modeling before implementing your database so that you come to know that if there is some missing attribute, 331 00:25:42,990 --> 00:25:46,650 that is one missing column you can tell, then how do we relate them? 332 00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:49,040 How do we access our database? 333 00:25:49,320 --> 00:25:54,170 Also, if someday I want to check that, how do I relate these two things together? 334 00:25:54,180 --> 00:25:55,740 How do I see these two things together? 335 00:25:55,950 --> 00:25:58,030 I need to find out the relationship between them. 336 00:25:58,200 --> 00:26:03,030 So from this, I come to know that there is some relation between both these entities. 337 00:26:03,510 --> 00:26:05,760 Entity protect an entity particular's. 338 00:26:08,120 --> 00:26:14,480 So more children, children, lezginka requirements systematically to produce a well designed database, 339 00:26:14,480 --> 00:26:18,860 so it is considered a basic practice to complete your modeling before implementing a database. 340 00:26:19,780 --> 00:26:27,610 So each diagram displays the relationships of entity set stored in a database basically just shows you 341 00:26:27,700 --> 00:26:32,350 that how are two different events related to each other just by looking at the diagram? 342 00:26:33,610 --> 00:26:39,750 So we can say that Ideograms helps you to explain the logical structure of database's, at first blush, 343 00:26:39,800 --> 00:26:42,880 look and diagram looks very similar to the flowchart. 344 00:26:43,570 --> 00:26:46,720 However, your diagram includes many specialized symbol. 345 00:26:47,620 --> 00:26:50,570 And its meanings make them all unique. 346 00:26:51,010 --> 00:26:57,160 So even the arrows that are being used here, they have a particular meaning to it, which helps us 347 00:26:57,160 --> 00:26:57,790 understand that. 348 00:26:57,790 --> 00:26:59,020 What kind of relation? 349 00:26:59,020 --> 00:27:02,360 The sharing, is it one too many based on cardinality? 350 00:27:02,380 --> 00:27:05,950 We will talk about it more later in the video. 351 00:27:06,760 --> 00:27:12,840 For now, the diagram, it helps us understand the meaning of the relation between the tables. 352 00:27:13,600 --> 00:27:18,670 The basic purpose of your diagram is to represent the entity, framework, infrastructure. 353 00:27:20,010 --> 00:27:28,620 So this basically helps us understand then how our database will look once we have implemented and for 354 00:27:28,620 --> 00:27:35,990 which we have to come up with a diagram which shows all individual entities, that is Esperanza's product 355 00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:40,610 on this particular product, categories and categories in our case, for example. 356 00:27:40,890 --> 00:27:45,120 And we need to show that how these different entities are related to each other. 357 00:27:45,450 --> 00:27:50,880 Now we can see that color and categories are not directly related, but there could be a possibility 358 00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:54,360 of indirect relation being built to them between them. 359 00:27:55,050 --> 00:28:01,620 So that is where we need to make a very optimum EMR before implementing our database. 360 00:28:04,060 --> 00:28:07,560 Now, there are a few facts about this morning that we are going to. 361 00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:14,950 Learn about your model, it allows you to draw the database design, it is an easy to use graphical 362 00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:22,430 tool for modeling data, as you know that it is a very much graphical design you will be able to see. 363 00:28:22,430 --> 00:28:25,000 It is a graphical interface of your database. 364 00:28:25,750 --> 00:28:31,970 It is widely used even to date and is being used and preferred to use for our database design. 365 00:28:32,500 --> 00:28:37,110 It is a wide representation of the logical structure of database. 366 00:28:37,510 --> 00:28:42,920 It helps you to identify the entities which exist in the system and the relationship between those entities. 367 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:48,430 So every time if I want to find out the relation between two different tables, I don't have to see 368 00:28:48,430 --> 00:28:50,000 and see. 369 00:28:50,020 --> 00:28:51,460 I checked the data individually. 370 00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:54,780 For that, I can just come back to that model. 371 00:28:55,040 --> 00:28:58,270 Therefore, the relationship between them and I can go ahead and write my queries. 372 00:28:58,360 --> 00:28:59,320 The saves time. 373 00:29:00,360 --> 00:29:02,250 This is why he had more than his required. 374 00:29:03,660 --> 00:29:08,070 Now, there are different components of the program, just as I told you while we were talking about 375 00:29:08,070 --> 00:29:12,060 the model relationship, DIGNAM, there are three main components. 376 00:29:12,060 --> 00:29:15,520 One is entities, attributes and relationships. 377 00:29:15,990 --> 00:29:21,060 So, as you can see, God and a person, these are entities. 378 00:29:21,270 --> 00:29:29,300 So basically in your database, how it will look at this person that is, let's say customer or graduates 379 00:29:29,780 --> 00:29:31,200 that will be on one table. 380 00:29:31,500 --> 00:29:32,940 God will be another, David. 381 00:29:34,780 --> 00:29:42,710 So these are these are basically tables to us, individual things, event places whatsoever next morning 382 00:29:42,730 --> 00:29:44,860 to attribute water attributes. 383 00:29:44,890 --> 00:29:45,520 Exactly. 384 00:29:45,790 --> 00:29:48,930 So I didn't do nothing but Gollum's, which I had already mentioned. 385 00:29:48,940 --> 00:29:51,480 So now Transaction's is an individual. 386 00:29:51,910 --> 00:29:56,200 This transaction's has different attributes, transaction number. 387 00:29:56,320 --> 00:29:58,870 We have amount we have right now. 388 00:29:58,870 --> 00:30:00,070 What are these attributes? 389 00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:03,070 These attributes together define the entity. 390 00:30:03,580 --> 00:30:05,200 So let's consider this example. 391 00:30:05,500 --> 00:30:08,500 You are my entity was a graduate student. 392 00:30:08,980 --> 00:30:11,170 Let's say one of my attributes is name. 393 00:30:11,530 --> 00:30:13,660 And under that we have as Jack. 394 00:30:13,660 --> 00:30:17,710 So I know that name is the attribute which is defining my identity. 395 00:30:18,910 --> 00:30:27,340 So that becomes my attribute in DiGRA, attribute defines an entity, entity alone can be enough to 396 00:30:27,340 --> 00:30:32,880 understand what exactly the downlink data has in it. 397 00:30:33,190 --> 00:30:39,590 So that becomes attributes for use, which is basically defining your entities. 398 00:30:39,940 --> 00:30:45,540 Next is we now know that there are some entities, we have some attributes that define those entities. 399 00:30:45,880 --> 00:30:47,980 There could be multiple such entities. 400 00:30:48,310 --> 00:30:53,250 Then there has to be relationships which connects to different entities. 401 00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:59,800 Let's say if God and entity, these are two different entities and the relationship between them possibly 402 00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:03,820 could be this car belongs to Jack or probably some other person. 403 00:31:04,450 --> 00:31:10,600 So there is some relation between that which can be represented using some relationship cardinality. 404 00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:11,450 As I told you that. 405 00:31:11,470 --> 00:31:14,770 What is the relationship between them so mandatory? 406 00:31:14,770 --> 00:31:16,660 One is basically one, which is one. 407 00:31:17,540 --> 00:31:19,640 That means there is a one to one relationship. 408 00:31:20,700 --> 00:31:22,080 This car belongs to Jack. 409 00:31:22,620 --> 00:31:23,800 Jack has this gun. 410 00:31:23,910 --> 00:31:25,610 So that is just one to one relationship. 411 00:31:26,450 --> 00:31:31,130 One too many, Jack has many guards, all these cars belong to Jack. 412 00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:39,640 So that is one to many relationship Jack is just one person, his association with different gods is 413 00:31:39,640 --> 00:31:39,980 many. 414 00:31:40,180 --> 00:31:41,240 That is one too many. 415 00:31:41,950 --> 00:31:47,890 Then we have option and one that means there's a possibility Jack has just one God or Jack has more 416 00:31:47,890 --> 00:31:48,510 than one God. 417 00:31:49,720 --> 00:31:55,540 Then we have optional many, which means that there could be a possibility of having more than one. 418 00:31:57,830 --> 00:31:59,380 So that becomes the option of many. 419 00:32:01,770 --> 00:32:08,520 Next, and also there are particular symbols, as for many anyone, this is the way we need to connect 420 00:32:08,970 --> 00:32:09,650 the entities. 421 00:32:10,110 --> 00:32:14,400 This is the way we need to connect for many, many, many relationships. 422 00:32:14,820 --> 00:32:16,290 This is for optional one. 423 00:32:16,560 --> 00:32:17,610 This is for optional. 424 00:32:17,880 --> 00:32:20,640 So basically, for many, this is any presentation. 425 00:32:20,650 --> 00:32:23,130 And if it is optional, you have to circle before it. 426 00:32:25,660 --> 00:32:32,830 Now we will learn about the best practices for developing effective ideogram, because if your ear diagram 427 00:32:32,830 --> 00:32:36,640 goes wrong, your database is going to give you wrong output. 428 00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:44,530 So it's better that you have a very precise, correct ear diagram that you for which initially the first 429 00:32:44,530 --> 00:32:50,260 most important point is eliminated and needed entities or relationships so that it can never happen. 430 00:32:50,290 --> 00:32:52,360 The two entities are repeated. 431 00:32:53,740 --> 00:32:54,930 That should never happen. 432 00:32:55,230 --> 00:33:02,190 That is the first thing you need to have everything as unique in your Digo, let it be entities or let 433 00:33:02,190 --> 00:33:03,180 it be relationships. 434 00:33:03,190 --> 00:33:04,980 It has to be a unique relationship. 435 00:33:06,380 --> 00:33:10,180 You need to make sure that all your entities and relationships are properly labor. 436 00:33:10,430 --> 00:33:15,980 Of course, this is very much required because what happens is that if you don't know exactly what this 437 00:33:15,980 --> 00:33:19,670 entity is, you have not labor, then you will never understand. 438 00:33:19,670 --> 00:33:22,030 Then how is this related to the other entities? 439 00:33:22,220 --> 00:33:28,310 So it is very important that you name those entities and you also label the relationships as you label 440 00:33:28,310 --> 00:33:30,540 them, which kind of relationship it shares with others. 441 00:33:31,550 --> 00:33:36,380 This will help you understand when you implement your database using the same program. 442 00:33:37,360 --> 00:33:42,910 There may be various valid approaches to an area, you need to make sure that your diagram supports 443 00:33:42,910 --> 00:33:44,290 all the data you need to store. 444 00:33:44,890 --> 00:33:48,030 So basically your diagram is a dummy database. 445 00:33:48,490 --> 00:33:54,240 Then you need to check that whatever data you are designing to store are being stored in the same format 446 00:33:54,250 --> 00:33:58,450 you had thought of, and not that any one of the attribute is being missed. 447 00:34:00,170 --> 00:34:06,950 You should assure that each and the only appears a single time in the air at this point also matches 448 00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:07,970 with the very first point. 449 00:34:07,970 --> 00:34:14,660 When we are talking about eliminating redundant entities, it should never happen that a single entity 450 00:34:14,660 --> 00:34:16,430 is being reported more than once. 451 00:34:16,730 --> 00:34:22,910 If a single entity that is concern, for example, customer needs is written twice in your database, 452 00:34:22,910 --> 00:34:27,380 that definitely is redundant data and does not require an instant relation. 453 00:34:27,380 --> 00:34:29,570 Could have been built with the same paper. 454 00:34:31,730 --> 00:34:38,510 No name, every relationship and an attribute that represented on that diagram, so labeling is another 455 00:34:38,510 --> 00:34:42,290 important thing, never going into relationships to each other. 456 00:34:42,500 --> 00:34:46,030 Obviously, there is always a relationship between two and entities. 457 00:34:46,340 --> 00:34:49,410 Two relationships are never related to entities are related. 458 00:34:50,510 --> 00:34:56,630 You should use colours to highlight important portions of the aerogel so that what happens is when you 459 00:34:56,630 --> 00:35:03,140 are presenting some diagrams to somebody else, it should effectively show that which part you are focusing 460 00:35:03,140 --> 00:35:03,600 the most. 461 00:35:03,800 --> 00:35:08,330 But that also at the same time, you need to make sure that you haven't missed out on any of that. 462 00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:15,560 So these are two best practices you can use before implementing a database, which will give you an 463 00:35:15,560 --> 00:35:20,500 effective result when you see your database storing the data the way you want to do it. 464 00:35:23,880 --> 00:35:32,790 Now, you have, let's say, created you have created a database, now comes is we have to normalize 465 00:35:32,790 --> 00:35:33,390 the database. 466 00:35:33,390 --> 00:35:38,330 So this normalization is also taken care of when you are creating an illegal. 467 00:35:38,730 --> 00:35:44,770 But how do you understand that normalization and where it is required that we need to understand? 468 00:35:45,030 --> 00:35:46,220 So what is this data? 469 00:35:46,230 --> 00:35:52,280 Normalization data database normalization is a process of efficiently organized data in a database. 470 00:35:52,620 --> 00:35:54,870 Normalization takes care of redundancy. 471 00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:57,750 It eliminates data dependencies. 472 00:35:58,110 --> 00:36:04,290 So just as it as it is written, eliminating redundant data, for example, storing the same data more 473 00:36:04,290 --> 00:36:04,860 than one day. 474 00:36:05,970 --> 00:36:11,820 This is redundant that we are depending on every individual able to store every information. 475 00:36:12,660 --> 00:36:16,770 This makes our table more inconsistent, more prone to inconsistency. 476 00:36:17,490 --> 00:36:23,910 To avoid this, we have to take off every redundant data and have to make every call Lambro record and 477 00:36:23,910 --> 00:36:25,440 attribute unique. 478 00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:29,790 In our database, we have to ensure that data dependencies makes sense. 479 00:36:30,270 --> 00:36:35,730 It should not also not happen that there are two different people who are related to each other, but 480 00:36:35,730 --> 00:36:37,510 there is no common factor relating them. 481 00:36:37,860 --> 00:36:39,100 So that should also not happen. 482 00:36:39,120 --> 00:36:41,130 There should be a connection between them. 483 00:36:42,540 --> 00:36:48,390 Both these reasons are worthy goal is to reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensure that 484 00:36:48,390 --> 00:36:49,800 data is logically stored. 485 00:36:50,250 --> 00:36:55,410 Nomination consists of a series of guidelines that help you in creating a good database structures. 486 00:36:55,620 --> 00:37:02,250 So it is not that you have to explore on normalization, but there are some rules set in a database 487 00:37:02,610 --> 00:37:04,860 like one and two and three. 488 00:37:04,860 --> 00:37:11,310 And if only three enough is enough on the one and if you will come, then what exactly you need to do 489 00:37:11,310 --> 00:37:15,470 to your database or to your model to make it more normalized under doing. 490 00:37:15,570 --> 00:37:21,390 There are certain rules that you can follow who identify what kind of changes you need to make before 491 00:37:21,390 --> 00:37:24,930 you are taking them to make it more normalized and more structured. 492 00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:32,010 So what happens is that if your data is redundant, you are just using a DeMain memory. 493 00:37:32,890 --> 00:37:38,920 And the main memory utilization, we have to ensure that we have eliminated all the redundant data. 494 00:37:41,030 --> 00:37:45,980 Normalization guidelines, guidelines are divided into normal forms, just as I told you about one and 495 00:37:46,130 --> 00:37:51,770 two and three, and think of a form as the format or the way or the structure is laid out. 496 00:37:52,040 --> 00:37:56,660 You have to basically follow those rules mentioned and that every normal form and you have to follow 497 00:37:56,660 --> 00:37:57,010 that. 498 00:37:57,050 --> 00:38:00,380 And do you make the changes in the database to make it normalized? 499 00:38:00,860 --> 00:38:06,440 The aim of this normalization is to organize the database structure so that it complies with the rules 500 00:38:06,440 --> 00:38:06,990 of force. 501 00:38:07,040 --> 00:38:08,750 Normal form, then second normal. 502 00:38:08,960 --> 00:38:09,860 And finally, the third. 503 00:38:11,570 --> 00:38:14,340 So basically, it will make your more structure. 504 00:38:14,540 --> 00:38:21,320 And for that structural aim to achieve, we have to normalize it with the ruleset set that has been 505 00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:22,490 given by database's. 506 00:38:26,150 --> 00:38:32,750 Now, in our calls, we are generally we are going to use my Cequent, there are many such platforms 507 00:38:32,750 --> 00:38:38,600 available, such as there is a mass access, there is a sequence of it. 508 00:38:39,050 --> 00:38:46,490 We also had SharePoint, which is another form of database, or we have Hive, but then basically we 509 00:38:46,490 --> 00:38:48,010 are going to use for our cause. 510 00:38:48,020 --> 00:38:49,850 It is an open secret database. 511 00:38:50,630 --> 00:38:53,360 It was developed by a Swedish company. 512 00:38:53,780 --> 00:38:58,400 It is pronounced as my sequel's or my school, though we were compatible with. 513 00:38:59,890 --> 00:39:04,750 It is my sequel supporting many different platforms use, including Microsoft Windows. 514 00:39:05,860 --> 00:39:15,820 This is also available for Linux, Unix, Mac Books, the Mac OS, Macintosh, and the major thing is 515 00:39:15,820 --> 00:39:17,260 that it has both the versions. 516 00:39:17,470 --> 00:39:24,940 It has what our requirement since we are going to cover majority of the basics for us, the basics of 517 00:39:24,940 --> 00:39:28,370 secure and that is of that is a free version is enough. 518 00:39:28,780 --> 00:39:35,320 So I would suggest that before we start with the next lecture, you download and set up your mind sequel 519 00:39:36,160 --> 00:39:38,010 server, which is available for free. 520 00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:44,230 And along with the sequence where you would also see that there is some dummy data which we will be 521 00:39:44,230 --> 00:39:46,090 using in our actual structure. 522 00:39:46,660 --> 00:39:51,420 They already have some tables provided to us which will be using to understand the basics. 523 00:39:51,430 --> 00:39:59,650 Equal queries or even help will seek help of the same database to understand the assets and liabilities 524 00:39:59,650 --> 00:40:01,030 of sequel query language. 525 00:40:03,060 --> 00:40:10,770 To get back to my school, it is a very fast minded, started multiuser and is also very robust if you 526 00:40:11,040 --> 00:40:12,330 in a very correct manner. 527 00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:16,260 My school is basically used for operational databases. 528 00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:24,360 If you think that your data is moving towards big data, that there's a lot of data is being inserted 529 00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:30,330 into your table, then you probably might have to migrate from high school to a bigger server until 530 00:40:30,330 --> 00:40:35,070 and unless you have updated the server capacities or memories. 531 00:40:35,350 --> 00:40:39,630 But for our Ilocos, we need not do anything of that as we are going to learn of our basics, of a skill 532 00:40:39,630 --> 00:40:42,840 for which every version of my speech should be very much okay to do. 533 00:40:46,800 --> 00:40:52,050 No, the advantages I have already BPU about the basic advantages of my school. 534 00:40:53,440 --> 00:40:59,400 Other advantages are that it has many features, stored procedures, you you can make functions. 535 00:40:59,520 --> 00:41:05,280 You can also schedule your jobs that you are creating on an everyday basis or monthly basis the way 536 00:41:05,280 --> 00:41:06,100 you prefer to. 537 00:41:06,420 --> 00:41:13,670 It gives a very high performance based on data storage, high availability and scalability and flexibility. 538 00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:20,280 It runs on anything, as I told you, that it is also linked with the Microsoft platform. 539 00:41:20,620 --> 00:41:27,390 So it is quite flexible enough or it has a robust transactional support data, warehouse strength, 540 00:41:27,960 --> 00:41:35,340 strong data protection, the security or DOMS as in the ground, and revoke access that is available 541 00:41:35,340 --> 00:41:39,630 within my school, which will help you understand, understand the data security. 542 00:41:39,630 --> 00:41:44,060 But it is very easy to manage and it is an open source. 543 00:41:44,220 --> 00:41:49,890 So with 24/7 support, you can visit my secret dotcom just in case. 544 00:41:49,890 --> 00:41:55,920 If you have some issues in downloading, you can definitely contact them also to the lowest total cost 545 00:41:55,920 --> 00:41:56,660 of ownership. 546 00:41:57,060 --> 00:41:58,460 Generally it happens. 547 00:41:58,470 --> 00:42:04,740 And if you want to learn in school, my school is the best way to start with as it gives you an overall 548 00:42:04,740 --> 00:42:11,160 idea of how the data is, it gives you an idea in the data domain. 549 00:42:11,580 --> 00:42:13,990 So it is a very good step in your career. 550 00:42:14,160 --> 00:42:20,220 If you're starting with a school, you may start with my school as it is a stricter form of standard 551 00:42:20,220 --> 00:42:27,450 sequence which will help you create optimum and good performing school grades. 552 00:42:30,850 --> 00:42:38,140 So, yes, I would like to thank you for attending this lecture arranged by Youngbloods that just a 553 00:42:38,140 --> 00:42:39,100 few more courses. 554 00:42:39,130 --> 00:42:39,670 Thank you. 58700

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