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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,084 --> 00:00:02,624 ♪ Play me the music ♪ 2 00:00:02,626 --> 00:00:04,251 ♪ Give me a beat ♪ 3 00:00:04,253 --> 00:00:09,300 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the street ♪ 4 00:00:09,302 --> 00:00:12,176 Subtitles by explosiveskull 5 00:00:12,178 --> 00:00:15,847 ♪ I don't wanna be some kind of toy ♪ 6 00:00:15,849 --> 00:00:18,850 ♪ I'm not a killjoy ♪ 7 00:00:18,852 --> 00:00:23,062 ♪ Just have a little faith in me ♪ 8 00:00:23,064 --> 00:00:26,023 ♪ I'll make you see ♪ 9 00:00:26,025 --> 00:00:29,068 ♪ I see a little skeptic in your eyes ♪ 10 00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:32,321 ♪ And you don't even care to compromise ♪ 11 00:00:32,323 --> 00:00:36,116 ♪ But let me show you what I mean ♪ 12 00:00:36,118 --> 00:00:37,492 ♪ Show you what I mean ♪ 13 00:00:37,494 --> 00:00:40,620 ♪ Play me the music, give me a beat ♪ 14 00:00:40,622 --> 00:00:45,669 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 15 00:00:47,130 --> 00:00:48,463 ♪ Give me a beat ♪ 16 00:00:48,465 --> 00:00:52,342 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 17 00:00:52,344 --> 00:00:56,262 ♪ Let me see your smiling faces ♪ 18 00:00:56,264 --> 00:00:59,098 ♪ In all of them places ♪ 19 00:00:59,100 --> 00:01:04,270 ♪ If you wanna feel the way I do, be true ♪ 20 00:01:04,272 --> 00:01:07,106 ♪ Play me the music ♪ 21 00:01:07,108 --> 00:01:11,193 ♪ and I will do it all for you ♪ 22 00:01:11,195 --> 00:01:18,910 ♪ Play me the music, and I will do it all for you ♪ 23 00:01:39,224 --> 00:01:41,306 Good morning, Space Explorers. 24 00:01:41,308 --> 00:01:42,892 Good morning, Captain Maya. 25 00:01:42,894 --> 00:01:45,728 I want to welcome you to the Space Explorer team. 26 00:01:45,730 --> 00:01:48,898 As you know, we Space Explorers fly around the galaxy 27 00:01:48,900 --> 00:01:52,901 to planets far and near, in order to help those in need. 28 00:01:52,903 --> 00:01:56,488 We're dedicated to doing just that, Captain Maya. 29 00:01:56,490 --> 00:02:00,159 Nick, you've passed all your exams with flying colors. 30 00:02:00,161 --> 00:02:02,202 Yippee. 31 00:02:02,204 --> 00:02:04,955 And Sammy, your skills with a space pod 32 00:02:04,957 --> 00:02:06,624 and love for adventure and fun 33 00:02:06,626 --> 00:02:09,334 make me very excited to see what you can do 34 00:02:09,336 --> 00:02:10,419 in a real mission. 35 00:02:10,421 --> 00:02:12,922 I won't let you down, Captain Maya. 36 00:02:12,924 --> 00:02:16,049 I have no doubt you two will make a perfect team together, 37 00:02:16,051 --> 00:02:17,175 and learn from one another 38 00:02:17,177 --> 00:02:20,346 as you become true Space Explorers. 39 00:02:20,348 --> 00:02:21,805 We're ready. 40 00:02:21,807 --> 00:02:23,516 I'm very glad to hear that. 41 00:02:23,518 --> 00:02:27,227 I will be assigning you to your very first mission. 42 00:02:27,229 --> 00:02:29,566 Do either of you recognize this planet? 43 00:02:31,026 --> 00:02:32,316 Yes, Earth. 44 00:02:32,318 --> 00:02:35,737 I've read plenty on it in my space encyclopedia. 45 00:02:35,739 --> 00:02:37,238 It's my favorite. 46 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:39,197 I love Earth. 47 00:02:39,199 --> 00:02:43,244 There's so much to learn, and so much to see. 48 00:02:43,246 --> 00:02:47,165 Plus, the animals are adorable. 49 00:02:47,167 --> 00:02:49,292 People live on Earth, don't they? 50 00:02:49,294 --> 00:02:50,417 They do? 51 00:02:50,419 --> 00:02:52,252 There are currently around seven and a half 52 00:02:52,254 --> 00:02:54,380 billion people living on Earth. 53 00:02:54,382 --> 00:02:57,299 7.5 billion. 54 00:02:57,301 --> 00:02:58,258 How much is that? 55 00:02:58,260 --> 00:02:59,969 To put it into perspective, 56 00:02:59,971 --> 00:03:02,679 if everyone on Earth held hands in a chain, 57 00:03:02,681 --> 00:03:04,639 they would be able to wrap around the planet 58 00:03:04,641 --> 00:03:07,185 about 320 times. 59 00:03:07,187 --> 00:03:09,061 How big is planet Earth? 60 00:03:09,063 --> 00:03:13,399 The Earth's circumference is 40,075 kilometers. 61 00:03:13,401 --> 00:03:16,234 It's the fifth biggest planet in the solar system. 62 00:03:16,236 --> 00:03:18,780 And how many species can live there? 63 00:03:18,782 --> 00:03:22,324 Earth is home to about 8.7 million species. 64 00:03:22,326 --> 00:03:24,911 Six and half million of them live on land, 65 00:03:24,913 --> 00:03:27,829 while the other 2.2 live in the ocean. 66 00:03:27,831 --> 00:03:29,374 That's amazing. 67 00:03:29,376 --> 00:03:31,417 It is, and you'll be able to meet 68 00:03:31,419 --> 00:03:33,126 some of these species today. 69 00:03:33,128 --> 00:03:35,421 Now, your mission will be to travel to Earth, 70 00:03:35,423 --> 00:03:38,090 and save a penguin who's in need of your help. 71 00:03:38,092 --> 00:03:38,924 A penguin? 72 00:03:38,926 --> 00:03:40,802 I love penguins. 73 00:03:40,804 --> 00:03:43,012 They're so cute. 74 00:03:43,014 --> 00:03:43,846 They are. 75 00:03:43,848 --> 00:03:45,806 This particular penguin is lost. 76 00:03:45,808 --> 00:03:48,518 Oh no, poor penguin. 77 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:50,686 She became separated from her group, 78 00:03:50,688 --> 00:03:53,523 and now she's lost somewhere in Antarctica. 79 00:03:53,525 --> 00:03:55,149 She needs our help. 80 00:03:55,151 --> 00:03:56,316 We'll save her. 81 00:03:56,318 --> 00:03:58,443 We couldn't locate where the penguin is, 82 00:03:58,445 --> 00:04:01,239 so you'll have to do some detective work yourself, 83 00:04:01,241 --> 00:04:02,698 and find her whereabouts. 84 00:04:02,700 --> 00:04:04,909 Do you think you can do that as a team? 85 00:04:04,911 --> 00:04:08,286 Absolutely, this team is unstoppable. 86 00:04:08,288 --> 00:04:10,498 And remember, Nick and Sammy, 87 00:04:10,500 --> 00:04:12,834 you are still explorers in training, 88 00:04:12,836 --> 00:04:15,460 and to graduate to full fledged explorers, 89 00:04:15,462 --> 00:04:17,087 you will have to save the penguin 90 00:04:17,089 --> 00:04:20,632 and win the competition before Rumble and Tumble do. 91 00:04:20,634 --> 00:04:22,510 We can win this. 92 00:04:22,512 --> 00:04:26,346 Yeah, we'll become true Space Explorers soon. 93 00:04:27,559 --> 00:04:28,765 You will meet with Commander Gruff later 94 00:04:28,767 --> 00:04:30,517 to check out your new space pod. 95 00:04:30,519 --> 00:04:32,562 Good luck, young Space Explorers. 96 00:04:42,781 --> 00:04:46,492 This space pod is incredible, Commander Gruff. 97 00:04:46,494 --> 00:04:47,868 This, my dear explorers, 98 00:04:47,870 --> 00:04:50,538 is the new and improved space pod. 99 00:04:50,540 --> 00:04:53,541 Whoa, we're going to have to save the penguin 100 00:04:53,543 --> 00:04:56,461 and win the competition in this, for sure. 101 00:04:56,463 --> 00:04:58,921 Let me introduce you two to the amazing 102 00:04:58,923 --> 00:05:00,923 generation two space pod. 103 00:05:00,925 --> 00:05:02,507 Her name is Skya. 104 00:05:02,509 --> 00:05:03,885 Skya? 105 00:05:03,887 --> 00:05:05,510 Yes, Sammy, that's my name. 106 00:05:05,512 --> 00:05:07,889 How cool. 107 00:05:07,891 --> 00:05:09,139 Hello, Commander Gruff. 108 00:05:09,141 --> 00:05:11,558 Sammy and Nick, welcome. 109 00:05:11,560 --> 00:05:13,144 Nice to talk to you, Skya. 110 00:05:13,146 --> 00:05:14,228 Hi, Skya. 111 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:15,521 Hello, Skya. 112 00:05:15,523 --> 00:05:17,147 Nice to meet you. 113 00:05:17,149 --> 00:05:18,690 Nice to meet you, too. 114 00:05:18,692 --> 00:05:21,026 What is our mission, Commander Gruff? 115 00:05:21,028 --> 00:05:22,736 Skya, you will be escorting 116 00:05:22,738 --> 00:05:25,615 Space Explorers in training Nick and Sammy 117 00:05:25,617 --> 00:05:28,325 to their very first mission to planet Earth. 118 00:05:28,327 --> 00:05:29,493 Quite exciting. 119 00:05:29,495 --> 00:05:31,995 Skya, please activate Cup-K. 120 00:05:31,997 --> 00:05:33,415 Yes, Commander Gruff. 121 00:05:35,752 --> 00:05:39,336 Cup-K is so cute. 122 00:05:39,338 --> 00:05:42,048 Hello, how can I help you? 123 00:05:42,050 --> 00:05:43,257 Hello Cup-K. 124 00:05:43,259 --> 00:05:45,635 Hey Cup-K, how are you? 125 00:05:46,637 --> 00:05:48,471 I'm great. 126 00:05:48,473 --> 00:05:53,433 Been resting from a gigantic scrap metal feast. 127 00:05:53,435 --> 00:05:57,647 Now I'm ready for some space travel. 128 00:05:57,649 --> 00:05:59,731 I've programmed Cup-K so that it will 129 00:05:59,733 --> 00:06:02,567 help you discover facts about Earth's animals. 130 00:06:02,569 --> 00:06:05,613 Cup-K will definitely help us win this competition 131 00:06:05,615 --> 00:06:07,531 against Rumble and Tumble. 132 00:06:07,533 --> 00:06:09,492 You bet ya. 133 00:06:10,327 --> 00:06:11,159 Yeah. 134 00:06:11,161 --> 00:06:13,245 This is Earth. 135 00:06:13,247 --> 00:06:15,414 You can press any part of the planet, 136 00:06:15,416 --> 00:06:17,457 and it will take you there. 137 00:06:17,459 --> 00:06:19,084 Anywhere on Earth? 138 00:06:19,086 --> 00:06:19,918 Anywhere. 139 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:21,421 That's incredible. 140 00:06:21,423 --> 00:06:22,587 And during your mission, 141 00:06:22,589 --> 00:06:24,423 whenever you need to contact me, 142 00:06:24,425 --> 00:06:26,968 just say, call Commander Gruff. 143 00:06:26,970 --> 00:06:28,844 And I'll appear on your little screen. 144 00:06:28,846 --> 00:06:31,055 Even from Earth? 145 00:06:31,057 --> 00:06:33,765 Absolutely, it's programmed so that we 146 00:06:33,767 --> 00:06:37,812 can communicate from one end of any galaxy to another. 147 00:06:37,814 --> 00:06:40,815 Ooh, that's incredible. 148 00:06:40,817 --> 00:06:42,774 Now, Space Explorers, buckle up, 149 00:06:42,776 --> 00:06:44,651 and get ready for your mission. 150 00:06:44,653 --> 00:06:46,529 Yes, Commander Gruff. 151 00:06:46,531 --> 00:06:50,324 Your first destination will be Antarctica. 152 00:06:50,326 --> 00:06:52,534 Antarctica? 153 00:06:52,536 --> 00:06:53,452 Yes. 154 00:06:53,454 --> 00:06:55,663 The Antarctic is a polar region 155 00:06:55,665 --> 00:06:58,416 around the Earth's south pole. 156 00:06:58,418 --> 00:07:02,045 The Antarctic region includes ice shelves, 157 00:07:02,047 --> 00:07:05,882 waters, and island territories where seals, 158 00:07:05,884 --> 00:07:09,885 penguins, whales, and other wildlife live. 159 00:07:09,887 --> 00:07:12,055 Ooh, chilly. 160 00:07:12,057 --> 00:07:14,014 And awesome. 161 00:07:14,016 --> 00:07:16,558 Destination is set to Antarctica. 162 00:07:16,560 --> 00:07:17,894 Alright, then. 163 00:07:17,896 --> 00:07:20,146 I'll see you two back when the mission is complete. 164 00:07:20,148 --> 00:07:21,272 Good luck, explorers. 165 00:07:21,274 --> 00:07:23,274 - Be safe. - We will. 166 00:07:23,276 --> 00:07:24,692 Thanks, Commander Gruff. 167 00:07:24,694 --> 00:07:27,152 Space Explorers are on the way. 168 00:07:27,154 --> 00:07:30,490 To find that penguin and save the day. 169 00:07:36,163 --> 00:07:40,375 Hey Sammy, I found something very interesting about Earth. 170 00:07:40,377 --> 00:07:42,250 What's that, Nick? 171 00:07:42,252 --> 00:07:44,921 I did some research, and apparently, 172 00:07:44,923 --> 00:07:47,923 the Earth is not completely round. 173 00:07:47,925 --> 00:07:49,050 You're right, Nick. 174 00:07:49,052 --> 00:07:51,301 The Earth is actually an oblate spheroid, 175 00:07:51,303 --> 00:07:52,844 which means that it is a sphere 176 00:07:52,846 --> 00:07:54,596 with a bulge around the Equator. 177 00:07:54,598 --> 00:07:55,555 Equator? 178 00:07:55,557 --> 00:07:57,642 The Equator is an imaginary line 179 00:07:57,644 --> 00:07:59,644 drawn around the Earth that divides it 180 00:07:59,646 --> 00:08:00,978 exactly in half between 181 00:08:00,980 --> 00:08:03,147 the northern and southern hemisphere. 182 00:08:03,149 --> 00:08:05,774 Why does the Equator stick out, Skya? 183 00:08:05,776 --> 00:08:08,194 It occurs because Earth is rapidly rotating 184 00:08:08,196 --> 00:08:09,695 on its axis. 185 00:08:09,697 --> 00:08:12,115 The force of the rotation causes the sides of the Earth 186 00:08:12,117 --> 00:08:13,615 to want to move outwards. 187 00:08:13,617 --> 00:08:15,909 This is called the centripetal force. 188 00:08:15,911 --> 00:08:17,704 How powerful is it? 189 00:08:17,706 --> 00:08:19,579 Well, if you were standing on the Equator, 190 00:08:19,581 --> 00:08:21,498 you would be spinning around Earth's center 191 00:08:21,500 --> 00:08:23,668 at 1,000 miles per hour. 192 00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,755 I think that would make me throw up. 193 00:08:27,757 --> 00:08:29,757 There are animals, people, and plants 194 00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:33,219 that live at the Equator, and they're just fine, Nick. 195 00:08:33,221 --> 00:08:35,430 So you shouldn't worry too much. 196 00:08:35,432 --> 00:08:38,181 But, what keeps everything on Earth 197 00:08:38,183 --> 00:08:40,892 from flying off because of force? 198 00:08:40,894 --> 00:08:43,603 That's an excellent question, Nick. 199 00:08:43,605 --> 00:08:46,648 Oh, I read about this. 200 00:08:46,650 --> 00:08:49,736 The reason everything on Earth's surface stays on it 201 00:08:49,738 --> 00:08:51,403 is because of gravity. 202 00:08:51,405 --> 00:08:52,239 Wow. 203 00:08:53,783 --> 00:08:55,532 Exactly, good work, Sammy. 204 00:08:55,534 --> 00:08:56,367 What about you, Nick? 205 00:08:56,369 --> 00:08:58,036 Do you know what gravity is? 206 00:08:58,038 --> 00:08:59,786 No, I don't. 207 00:08:59,788 --> 00:09:01,539 Skya, please explain gravity. 208 00:09:01,541 --> 00:09:02,373 Gladly. 209 00:09:02,375 --> 00:09:03,623 In the simplest terms, 210 00:09:03,625 --> 00:09:06,585 gravity is a force that pulls two objects together. 211 00:09:06,587 --> 00:09:08,338 Think of it like this. 212 00:09:08,340 --> 00:09:10,422 When you're on Earth, the planet pulls you 213 00:09:10,424 --> 00:09:11,590 and keeps you on the ground. 214 00:09:11,592 --> 00:09:13,968 What happens when there's no gravity? 215 00:09:13,970 --> 00:09:16,970 If there were no gravitational pull, 216 00:09:16,972 --> 00:09:21,644 everyone would be floating into space. 217 00:09:23,772 --> 00:09:26,647 Is it the same for everybody and everything? 218 00:09:26,649 --> 00:09:27,815 No, it isn't. 219 00:09:27,817 --> 00:09:30,401 Gravity has a stronger force for objects 220 00:09:30,403 --> 00:09:32,778 that are bigger and heavier and less for objects 221 00:09:32,780 --> 00:09:34,655 that are smaller and lighter. 222 00:09:34,657 --> 00:09:36,741 Do all the planets have gravity? 223 00:09:36,743 --> 00:09:40,078 Why yes, anything and everything with mass 224 00:09:40,080 --> 00:09:41,996 has the force of gravity. 225 00:09:41,998 --> 00:09:43,247 Depending on the mass, 226 00:09:43,249 --> 00:09:45,791 the gravitational pull will be different. 227 00:09:45,793 --> 00:09:49,045 For instance, a person who weighs 150 pounds on Earth 228 00:09:49,047 --> 00:09:52,006 will weigh 354 pounds on Jupiter, 229 00:09:52,008 --> 00:09:54,092 because it is such a giant planet 230 00:09:54,094 --> 00:09:57,094 that the gravity is so much stronger than Earth's. 231 00:09:57,096 --> 00:09:57,969 That sounds like me 232 00:09:57,971 --> 00:10:03,019 after a huge meal of scrap metal. 233 00:10:03,394 --> 00:10:06,103 There's so much water on Earth. 234 00:10:06,105 --> 00:10:08,690 Everyone must love swimming. 235 00:10:08,692 --> 00:10:09,982 Speaking about water, 236 00:10:09,984 --> 00:10:11,693 did you know that Antarctica contains 237 00:10:11,695 --> 00:10:14,070 about 70% of Earth's fresh water, 238 00:10:14,072 --> 00:10:15,821 and 90% of it is ice? 239 00:10:15,823 --> 00:10:17,656 Oh my. 240 00:10:17,658 --> 00:10:21,828 All the wildlife in Antarctica must be freezing, then. 241 00:10:21,830 --> 00:10:24,497 They probably don't like swimming there. 242 00:10:24,499 --> 00:10:26,873 Not really, Sammy. 243 00:10:26,875 --> 00:10:28,501 Antarctic animals have adapted traits 244 00:10:28,503 --> 00:10:30,670 to keep warm from the cold temperatures. 245 00:10:30,672 --> 00:10:33,797 For example, penguins have thick fat layers called blubber 246 00:10:33,799 --> 00:10:35,257 that protect them from the cold 247 00:10:35,259 --> 00:10:37,759 and keep these warm blooded creatures warm. 248 00:10:37,761 --> 00:10:39,720 What about the other animals? 249 00:10:39,722 --> 00:10:40,887 How do they keep warm? 250 00:10:40,889 --> 00:10:42,640 The Antarctic birds and mammals 251 00:10:42,642 --> 00:10:43,891 are warm blooded animals, 252 00:10:43,893 --> 00:10:46,643 so they must keep their internal body temperatures high 253 00:10:46,645 --> 00:10:47,895 to remain active. 254 00:10:47,897 --> 00:10:50,732 These animals are known as endotherms. 255 00:10:50,734 --> 00:10:52,275 That means they generate heat 256 00:10:52,277 --> 00:10:54,026 from the inside of their bodies. 257 00:10:54,028 --> 00:10:56,863 What's the opposite of endotherms? 258 00:10:56,865 --> 00:10:58,071 Ectotherms. 259 00:10:58,073 --> 00:11:00,742 These animals are mostly non-Antarctic animals. 260 00:11:00,744 --> 00:11:03,453 They are cold blooded animals. 261 00:11:03,455 --> 00:11:06,580 Their body temperature is regulated by external sources 262 00:11:06,582 --> 00:11:09,374 such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. 263 00:11:09,376 --> 00:11:12,127 Fish are ectothermic and so are amphibians, 264 00:11:12,129 --> 00:11:14,171 reptiles, and invertebrates. 265 00:11:14,173 --> 00:11:15,882 Fascinating. 266 00:11:15,884 --> 00:11:18,258 So you see, ectotherms have to get heat 267 00:11:18,260 --> 00:11:20,802 from their environments, but because Antarctica 268 00:11:20,804 --> 00:11:22,180 has such extreme environments, 269 00:11:22,182 --> 00:11:24,473 ectotherms have a hard time living there 270 00:11:24,475 --> 00:11:25,892 because there isn't enough heat for them 271 00:11:25,894 --> 00:11:27,727 to warm up and become active. 272 00:11:27,729 --> 00:11:30,897 Does that mean that humans are endothermic, then? 273 00:11:30,899 --> 00:11:31,980 Absolutely. 274 00:11:31,982 --> 00:11:33,398 And penguins? 275 00:11:33,400 --> 00:11:34,233 Correct. 276 00:11:34,235 --> 00:11:35,318 And seals. 277 00:11:35,320 --> 00:11:36,526 Yes. 278 00:11:36,528 --> 00:11:37,903 How are these animals able to 279 00:11:37,905 --> 00:11:39,821 generate heat from inside? 280 00:11:39,823 --> 00:11:40,739 There are two things. 281 00:11:40,741 --> 00:11:42,783 The first is that they take in enough food 282 00:11:42,785 --> 00:11:44,911 to make the energy to generate heat. 283 00:11:44,913 --> 00:11:46,829 The second is that they have physical, 284 00:11:46,831 --> 00:11:49,165 psychological, and behavioral adaptations 285 00:11:49,167 --> 00:11:50,833 that allow them to do so. 286 00:11:50,835 --> 00:11:53,210 What are adaptations? 287 00:11:53,212 --> 00:11:55,338 Wonderful questions, explorers. 288 00:11:55,340 --> 00:11:57,924 Adaptations happen when any living being 289 00:11:57,926 --> 00:11:59,717 adjusts something about themselves 290 00:11:59,719 --> 00:12:01,761 to survive in a changing environment. 291 00:12:01,763 --> 00:12:03,637 Can you give us an example? 292 00:12:03,639 --> 00:12:05,138 Of course. 293 00:12:05,140 --> 00:12:06,807 In order to survive the heat and the sand of the desert, 294 00:12:06,809 --> 00:12:09,102 camels had to adapt their bodies. 295 00:12:09,104 --> 00:12:10,770 They have humps that store fat, 296 00:12:10,772 --> 00:12:13,189 which can be used as energy during a long walk 297 00:12:13,191 --> 00:12:15,400 so they don't have to eat for a long time. 298 00:12:15,402 --> 00:12:18,569 They also have thick hairs in their ears, 299 00:12:18,571 --> 00:12:21,988 and long eyelashes that keep sand out of 300 00:12:21,990 --> 00:12:24,324 their ears and eyes. 301 00:12:24,326 --> 00:12:27,161 Earth and its animals are so cool. 302 00:12:27,163 --> 00:12:29,830 Thanks for teaching us, Cup-K and Skya. 303 00:12:36,255 --> 00:12:38,171 Let's call Commander Gruff to let him know 304 00:12:38,173 --> 00:12:39,799 that we're almost at our first location, 305 00:12:39,801 --> 00:12:42,551 the cold Antarctica. 306 00:12:42,553 --> 00:12:45,345 Skya, call Commander Gruff, please. 307 00:12:45,347 --> 00:12:46,263 Calling. 308 00:12:46,265 --> 00:12:47,848 Hey, Space Explorers. 309 00:12:47,850 --> 00:12:48,974 Hello, Commander Gruff. 310 00:12:48,976 --> 00:12:50,225 What's the news? 311 00:12:50,227 --> 00:12:52,353 We're on our way to Antarctica. 312 00:12:52,355 --> 00:12:54,147 You're making great time. 313 00:12:54,149 --> 00:12:56,565 Skya, what can you tell the Space Explorers about 314 00:12:56,567 --> 00:12:58,818 the penguins of Antarctica? 315 00:12:58,820 --> 00:13:00,987 Six of the 17 species of penguin 316 00:13:00,989 --> 00:13:02,696 are found in Antarctica. 317 00:13:02,698 --> 00:13:06,033 There's the Adelie's, chinstraps, emperors, 318 00:13:06,035 --> 00:13:10,079 gentoos, macaronis, and rock hoppers. 319 00:13:10,081 --> 00:13:11,998 The lost penguin looks like a Adelie penguin. 320 00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:13,081 You're right. 321 00:13:13,083 --> 00:13:14,499 Good work, explorers. 322 00:13:14,501 --> 00:13:15,792 Good luck on your mission. 323 00:13:15,794 --> 00:13:17,795 The penguin needs your help. 324 00:13:17,797 --> 00:13:18,879 Look, Sammy. 325 00:13:18,881 --> 00:13:20,631 I think that's a whale. 326 00:13:20,633 --> 00:13:21,715 Correct, Nick. 327 00:13:21,717 --> 00:13:23,217 It's a humpback whale. 328 00:13:23,219 --> 00:13:25,594 They are the largest marine mammals of over 329 00:13:25,596 --> 00:13:28,890 80 species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. 330 00:13:28,892 --> 00:13:30,932 They can be found in all the world's oceans. 331 00:13:30,934 --> 00:13:32,225 What else can you tell us about 332 00:13:32,227 --> 00:13:33,393 humpback whales? 333 00:13:33,395 --> 00:13:35,479 Humpback whales are extremely clever. 334 00:13:35,481 --> 00:13:38,023 They sing songs that can reach up to 20 miles away 335 00:13:38,025 --> 00:13:39,483 and can go on for hours. 336 00:13:39,485 --> 00:13:41,194 That's amazing. 337 00:13:41,196 --> 00:13:42,737 When do they sing? 338 00:13:42,739 --> 00:13:46,907 Whale songs are often sung during mating seasons 339 00:13:46,909 --> 00:13:52,246 when male whales sing to attract female whales. 340 00:13:52,248 --> 00:13:55,874 Sometimes, groups of whales will sing in unison, 341 00:13:55,876 --> 00:13:58,544 and change their songs to be in harmony 342 00:13:58,546 --> 00:13:59,878 with other whales. 343 00:13:59,880 --> 00:14:02,422 Is that also how they communicate to each other? 344 00:14:02,424 --> 00:14:05,008 Yes, they also use loud, low pitch moans, 345 00:14:05,010 --> 00:14:06,469 howls, and whines. 346 00:14:06,471 --> 00:14:08,762 Each population has its own dialect, 347 00:14:08,764 --> 00:14:10,555 and sings its own whale song. 348 00:14:10,557 --> 00:14:12,474 Not a lot is known about why they do it, 349 00:14:12,476 --> 00:14:15,060 but it's quite amazing to hear one sing. 350 00:14:15,062 --> 00:14:16,938 I'd like to hear one song. 351 00:14:16,940 --> 00:14:18,064 Me too. 352 00:14:18,066 --> 00:14:19,565 That can be arranged. 353 00:14:19,567 --> 00:14:21,858 Let's get closer to the pod of whales over there. 354 00:14:21,860 --> 00:14:23,529 And let's listen to their songs. 355 00:14:32,538 --> 00:14:34,955 That was amazing, guys. 356 00:14:34,957 --> 00:14:36,750 Wow, it was. 357 00:14:38,043 --> 00:14:40,169 It was beautiful music. 358 00:14:40,171 --> 00:14:42,379 Hey, what ocean is this? 359 00:14:42,381 --> 00:14:44,965 The ocean that surrounds Antarctica 360 00:14:44,967 --> 00:14:49,094 is called the Southern Ocean. 361 00:14:49,096 --> 00:14:52,348 It consists of the southern parts of the Atlantic, 362 00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:56,060 Pacific, and Indian Oceans. 363 00:14:56,062 --> 00:14:58,396 Oh, what other animal species 364 00:14:58,398 --> 00:15:00,690 live in the Antarctic waters? 365 00:15:00,692 --> 00:15:02,025 In addition to many different 366 00:15:02,027 --> 00:15:04,986 whales and penguins, there are also six species of seals, 367 00:15:04,988 --> 00:15:07,155 different types of birds from the snow petrel, 368 00:15:07,157 --> 00:15:09,949 the wandering albatross, the blue eyed shag, 369 00:15:09,951 --> 00:15:13,036 to the Antarctic skua and cape pigeons. 370 00:15:13,038 --> 00:15:15,412 That sounds incredible. 371 00:15:15,414 --> 00:15:17,373 I hope we get to meet lots of amazing 372 00:15:17,375 --> 00:15:19,584 Antarctica species while we're here. 373 00:15:19,586 --> 00:15:21,209 I'm sure we will. 374 00:15:21,211 --> 00:15:22,712 Look, Nick. 375 00:15:22,714 --> 00:15:24,756 That looks like penguins over there. 376 00:15:24,758 --> 00:15:26,549 Let's go check it out. 377 00:15:35,518 --> 00:15:36,767 Here we are, Antarctica. 378 00:15:36,769 --> 00:15:39,020 Oh, will you look at the penguins? 379 00:15:39,022 --> 00:15:40,854 Hey, Cup-K, 380 00:15:40,856 --> 00:15:43,065 what species of penguin is that? 381 00:15:43,067 --> 00:15:45,359 That is an emperor penguin. 382 00:15:45,361 --> 00:15:47,862 What are they doing just standing there? 383 00:15:47,864 --> 00:15:49,363 They're resting. 384 00:15:49,365 --> 00:15:53,242 When Winters such as these get really cold, 385 00:15:53,244 --> 00:15:56,371 and the wind gets extremely strong, 386 00:15:56,373 --> 00:16:00,874 penguins will huddle in a giant group to keep warm. 387 00:16:00,876 --> 00:16:04,545 Ah, smart. 388 00:16:30,365 --> 00:16:32,198 Whoa, hello there. 389 00:16:32,200 --> 00:16:33,657 I'm Perry. 390 00:16:33,659 --> 00:16:35,158 Hi Perry, I'm Nick. 391 00:16:35,160 --> 00:16:36,451 I'm Sammy. 392 00:16:36,453 --> 00:16:38,036 How can I help you? 393 00:16:38,038 --> 00:16:41,123 We're on a journey to find a lost penguin in need, 394 00:16:41,125 --> 00:16:43,251 but we don't know where to start. 395 00:16:43,253 --> 00:16:45,127 You've come to the right penguin. 396 00:16:45,129 --> 00:16:53,136 Now, Antarctica is 13,829,420 kilometers squared, man. 397 00:16:53,138 --> 00:16:55,220 It's roughly the size of the United States 398 00:16:55,222 --> 00:16:56,848 and Mexico combined. 399 00:16:56,850 --> 00:17:00,392 That's an enormous space to make snow angels. 400 00:17:01,229 --> 00:17:03,061 Yes, quite true. 401 00:17:03,063 --> 00:17:05,148 Antarctica is big. 402 00:17:05,150 --> 00:17:09,276 But never fear, I know it like the back of my hand, man. 403 00:17:09,278 --> 00:17:10,486 I mean, flipper. 404 00:17:10,488 --> 00:17:12,654 I can help you find your way around. 405 00:17:12,656 --> 00:17:14,657 That's really helpful, Perry. 406 00:17:14,659 --> 00:17:15,866 Yeah. 407 00:17:15,868 --> 00:17:18,536 Say, what else can you tell us about Antarctica? 408 00:17:18,538 --> 00:17:21,288 Well, I can tell you Antarctica is 409 00:17:21,290 --> 00:17:23,290 completely covered by a layer of ice 410 00:17:23,292 --> 00:17:26,501 that is averaged to be one mile in thickness. 411 00:17:26,503 --> 00:17:28,755 It could be three miles thick in different places. 412 00:17:28,757 --> 00:17:32,049 How long did it take to get all the ice in Antarctica? 413 00:17:32,051 --> 00:17:34,259 It took over millions of years of snowfall 414 00:17:34,261 --> 00:17:35,135 to make Antarctica. 415 00:17:35,137 --> 00:17:36,845 That's correct. 416 00:17:36,847 --> 00:17:39,306 Whoa, that's a lot of snow. 417 00:17:39,308 --> 00:17:40,850 All penguins live here, Perry? 418 00:17:40,852 --> 00:17:42,893 A lot of us do. 419 00:17:42,895 --> 00:17:46,730 However, there are many different types of penguins, man. 420 00:17:46,732 --> 00:17:48,524 Some of them are in Antarctica, 421 00:17:48,526 --> 00:17:51,943 while others live in various parts of the world. 422 00:17:51,945 --> 00:17:54,279 Some even live in sunny areas, 423 00:17:54,281 --> 00:17:56,949 like the African penguin, humble penguin, 424 00:17:56,951 --> 00:17:59,201 Galapagos penguin, and others. 425 00:17:59,203 --> 00:18:01,161 No way. 426 00:18:01,163 --> 00:18:03,122 Penguins in Africa? 427 00:18:03,124 --> 00:18:04,582 Who would've thought? 428 00:18:04,584 --> 00:18:07,293 You're incredible creatures, indeed. 429 00:18:07,295 --> 00:18:09,504 Wow, why thank you so much. 430 00:18:09,506 --> 00:18:13,382 Now tell me more about the penguin you're looking for. 431 00:18:13,384 --> 00:18:16,552 We're looking for an Adelie penguin, actually. 432 00:18:16,554 --> 00:18:18,136 Do you knew where they live? 433 00:18:18,138 --> 00:18:21,766 Oh, Adelie's are cousins of ours. 434 00:18:21,768 --> 00:18:26,019 They're one of the southern most birds in the world, man. 435 00:18:26,021 --> 00:18:28,271 And usually live on the Antarctic coastline, 436 00:18:28,273 --> 00:18:30,732 and all the small islands nearby. 437 00:18:30,734 --> 00:18:32,693 But since it's breeding season, 438 00:18:32,695 --> 00:18:35,904 they're most likely on the coastlines of Antarctica. 439 00:18:35,906 --> 00:18:38,199 Oh, the poor penguin must have gotten lost 440 00:18:38,201 --> 00:18:40,284 while traveling from one of the islands 441 00:18:40,286 --> 00:18:42,202 to come to the coastline. 442 00:18:42,204 --> 00:18:43,537 You're right. 443 00:18:43,539 --> 00:18:46,164 We have to go find her before it's too late. 444 00:18:46,166 --> 00:18:49,043 But be careful of the predators. 445 00:18:49,045 --> 00:18:50,628 Adelie's and their eggs are often 446 00:18:50,630 --> 00:18:52,838 targeted by leopard seals. 447 00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:54,841 And by killer whales in the sea. 448 00:18:54,843 --> 00:18:58,260 And giant petrels, and skuas on the land. 449 00:18:58,262 --> 00:18:59,388 Skua? 450 00:19:00,515 --> 00:19:03,641 What in the world is that? 451 00:19:03,643 --> 00:19:05,767 A skua is a sea bird. 452 00:19:05,769 --> 00:19:08,395 Yeah, he looks a lot like a seagull. 453 00:19:08,397 --> 00:19:10,856 Some of them can reach great sizes. 454 00:19:10,858 --> 00:19:12,816 Those are called great skuas. 455 00:19:12,818 --> 00:19:14,151 Oh no. 456 00:19:14,153 --> 00:19:16,863 How do penguins keep safe from them? 457 00:19:16,865 --> 00:19:19,239 Oh, they're colors help camouflage themselves 458 00:19:19,241 --> 00:19:20,240 against predators. 459 00:19:20,242 --> 00:19:22,535 They have a black back that guards against 460 00:19:22,537 --> 00:19:23,827 the depths of the sea, 461 00:19:23,829 --> 00:19:25,328 while their white stomachs blend into 462 00:19:25,330 --> 00:19:27,206 the bright sea surface above. 463 00:19:27,208 --> 00:19:28,623 Wow. 464 00:19:28,625 --> 00:19:30,250 Will they be hard to find? 465 00:19:30,252 --> 00:19:31,419 Don't worry, Sammy. 466 00:19:31,421 --> 00:19:33,046 Even if they are camouflaged, 467 00:19:33,048 --> 00:19:35,465 I have special detectives that can spot body heat. 468 00:19:35,467 --> 00:19:37,382 Cool, Skya. 469 00:19:37,384 --> 00:19:39,384 Where should we head first, Perry? 470 00:19:39,386 --> 00:19:43,180 The Adelie land is a great place to begin your search. 471 00:19:43,182 --> 00:19:45,266 Many of the Adelie colonies gather there 472 00:19:45,268 --> 00:19:46,976 during the breeding season. 473 00:19:46,978 --> 00:19:48,311 Thanks for your help, Perry. 474 00:19:48,313 --> 00:19:50,563 We wouldn't know where to go if it weren't for you. 475 00:19:50,565 --> 00:19:52,315 Good luck, Nick and Sammy. 476 00:19:52,317 --> 00:19:54,400 I hope you find the lost penguin soon. 477 00:19:54,402 --> 00:19:58,112 Wow, Perry the penguin sure was nice. 478 00:19:58,114 --> 00:19:59,404 Absolutely. 479 00:19:59,406 --> 00:20:01,574 Now we have to make our way to the coastlines of 480 00:20:01,576 --> 00:20:04,660 Antarctica to find the Adelie penguin colony. 481 00:20:04,662 --> 00:20:05,747 Let's go. 482 00:20:22,806 --> 00:20:24,305 You heard him, Tumble. 483 00:20:24,307 --> 00:20:25,264 We have to reach there before 484 00:20:25,266 --> 00:20:27,683 Nick and Sammy if we wanna beat them. 485 00:20:27,685 --> 00:20:29,434 Right. 486 00:20:29,436 --> 00:20:30,979 Wait, where are we going? 487 00:20:32,022 --> 00:20:33,690 Adelie land, Tumble. 488 00:20:33,692 --> 00:20:34,815 Right. 489 00:20:34,817 --> 00:20:36,401 Why are we? 490 00:20:36,403 --> 00:20:38,988 To save the penguin. 491 00:20:40,073 --> 00:20:41,613 Right, right, right. 492 00:20:41,615 --> 00:20:45,242 Beat Nick and Sammy and save the penguin. 493 00:20:45,244 --> 00:20:48,371 Sometimes, I just don't know about you, Tumble. 494 00:20:48,373 --> 00:20:50,456 I just don't know. 495 00:20:50,458 --> 00:20:51,915 What don't you know, Rumble? 496 00:20:51,917 --> 00:20:53,293 Never mind. 497 00:21:01,510 --> 00:21:03,469 What's the status, explorers? 498 00:21:03,471 --> 00:21:05,304 We are on our way to Adelie land, 499 00:21:05,306 --> 00:21:08,682 where we're going to find the Adelie penguins. 500 00:21:08,684 --> 00:21:09,851 Great. 501 00:21:09,853 --> 00:21:11,853 Remember, the lost penguin has been lost 502 00:21:11,855 --> 00:21:13,645 for a couple of hours already, 503 00:21:13,647 --> 00:21:15,398 and we don't want her to starve, 504 00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:17,357 or wander off even more. 505 00:21:17,359 --> 00:21:19,360 Time is of the essence. 506 00:21:19,362 --> 00:21:20,318 Yes, Commander Gruff. 507 00:21:20,320 --> 00:21:22,654 We're going as fast as we can. 508 00:21:22,656 --> 00:21:25,115 Alright, good luck on your mission, explorers. 509 00:21:25,117 --> 00:21:27,325 And call me for a report after. 510 00:21:27,327 --> 00:21:30,705 The wind is so strong. 511 00:21:30,707 --> 00:21:32,498 At times, the wind in Antarctica 512 00:21:32,500 --> 00:21:35,500 can get up to 200 miles per hour. 513 00:21:35,502 --> 00:21:36,544 It's why penguins have the need 514 00:21:36,546 --> 00:21:39,296 to huddle together to keep warm. 515 00:21:39,298 --> 00:21:40,590 I wonder if there are any human beings 516 00:21:40,592 --> 00:21:42,216 living in Antarctica. 517 00:21:42,218 --> 00:21:46,136 There are around 1,000 to 5,000 people 518 00:21:46,138 --> 00:21:48,389 living in Antarctica each year, 519 00:21:48,391 --> 00:21:50,475 but not permanently. 520 00:21:50,477 --> 00:21:51,976 How do you mean? 521 00:21:51,978 --> 00:21:54,937 These people are usually scientists 522 00:21:54,939 --> 00:21:57,981 who are performing research in Antarctica. 523 00:21:57,983 --> 00:21:59,400 What are they studying? 524 00:21:59,402 --> 00:22:04,529 Scientists and researchers from all over the world 525 00:22:04,531 --> 00:22:07,533 visit Antarctica to study many things. 526 00:22:07,535 --> 00:22:11,411 Some study the climate, some geology, 527 00:22:11,413 --> 00:22:14,332 and others study the wildlife. 528 00:22:14,334 --> 00:22:17,209 Why do they travel so far to study these things? 529 00:22:17,211 --> 00:22:19,336 It's important to learn what's happening 530 00:22:19,338 --> 00:22:21,713 to all corners of the world. 531 00:22:21,715 --> 00:22:25,133 The research of these scientists in Antarctica 532 00:22:25,135 --> 00:22:28,261 has helped people understand and realize 533 00:22:28,263 --> 00:22:32,600 global problems, such as climate change. 534 00:22:32,602 --> 00:22:35,937 I'm curious about where these researchers live. 535 00:22:35,939 --> 00:22:37,604 Do they build houses? 536 00:22:37,606 --> 00:22:39,399 These scientists live in research stations 537 00:22:39,401 --> 00:22:42,067 that are constructed on either rock or ice 538 00:22:42,069 --> 00:22:43,777 that is fixed in place, 539 00:22:43,779 --> 00:22:45,779 meaning that they can't move. 540 00:22:45,781 --> 00:22:47,824 It must be a tough job 541 00:22:47,826 --> 00:22:50,575 to be a researcher in the Antarctic. 542 00:22:50,577 --> 00:22:52,620 It is, but many of the research 543 00:22:52,622 --> 00:22:54,580 done in Antarctica has helped people 544 00:22:54,582 --> 00:22:56,498 understand more about climate changes 545 00:22:56,500 --> 00:23:00,294 and rapid effects of temperature on glaciers. 546 00:23:00,296 --> 00:23:01,586 It's extremely important 547 00:23:01,588 --> 00:23:03,840 to learn about the world around us. 548 00:23:03,842 --> 00:23:05,591 Exactly. 549 00:23:06,635 --> 00:23:09,594 That's why a total of 30 countries 550 00:23:09,596 --> 00:23:14,307 operates year round in the research stations in Antarctica. 551 00:23:14,309 --> 00:23:16,768 Whoa, do you think they study 552 00:23:16,770 --> 00:23:18,478 other things as well? 553 00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:21,774 Do they study any trees or shrubs? 554 00:23:21,776 --> 00:23:24,235 Interestingly, no. 555 00:23:24,237 --> 00:23:28,698 There are no trees or shrubs in Antarctica to study. 556 00:23:28,700 --> 00:23:33,411 But, there are two species of flowering plants 557 00:23:33,413 --> 00:23:35,203 that can be found. 558 00:23:35,205 --> 00:23:36,581 Really? 559 00:23:36,583 --> 00:23:38,248 What kind are they? 560 00:23:38,250 --> 00:23:40,543 There's the Antarctic hair grass, 561 00:23:40,545 --> 00:23:43,254 and the Antarctic pearl wort. 562 00:23:43,256 --> 00:23:47,257 They live in the Orkney and Southern Shetland islands. 563 00:23:47,259 --> 00:23:50,594 As well as along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. 564 00:23:50,596 --> 00:23:53,890 How are they able to live in such extreme weather? 565 00:23:53,892 --> 00:23:56,726 They are specially adapted to survive 566 00:23:56,728 --> 00:23:59,937 in harsh and extreme environments, 567 00:23:59,939 --> 00:24:03,524 where there's low temperature and less hydration. 568 00:24:03,526 --> 00:24:05,485 The size of the plants and the structures 569 00:24:05,487 --> 00:24:07,319 are such adaptations. 570 00:24:07,321 --> 00:24:09,238 Small plants mean small roots, 571 00:24:09,240 --> 00:24:11,032 and that means they can live in areas 572 00:24:11,034 --> 00:24:13,534 with only a little bit of soil. 573 00:24:13,536 --> 00:24:15,244 Amazing. 574 00:24:15,246 --> 00:24:17,497 What are other adaptations? 575 00:24:17,499 --> 00:24:19,539 Plants grow close to the ground, 576 00:24:19,541 --> 00:24:21,292 and close to each other, 577 00:24:21,294 --> 00:24:24,128 so that they can resist the cold weather, 578 00:24:24,130 --> 00:24:28,466 and not take as much damage from ice particles or snow 579 00:24:28,468 --> 00:24:31,760 that are carried by the strong winds. 580 00:24:31,762 --> 00:24:34,055 That's fascinating, Cup-K. 581 00:24:34,057 --> 00:24:37,642 Is that all the vegetation found in Antarctica? 582 00:24:37,644 --> 00:24:40,561 Yeah, Sammy, that's all. 583 00:24:40,563 --> 00:24:43,605 Wow, it's so barren. 584 00:24:43,607 --> 00:24:45,525 Here we are, Space Explorers. 585 00:24:45,527 --> 00:24:46,859 We're currently in Adelie land, 586 00:24:46,861 --> 00:24:50,071 also called Terre Adelie in French, 587 00:24:50,073 --> 00:24:53,115 where a large group of Adelie penguins can be found. 588 00:24:53,117 --> 00:24:55,951 What are those penguins doing, Cup-K? 589 00:24:55,953 --> 00:24:57,577 The Adelie's are currently 590 00:24:57,579 --> 00:25:00,958 in the breeding period, which happens between 591 00:25:01,999 --> 00:25:03,793 September and October. 592 00:25:03,795 --> 00:25:07,546 Male Adelie's build nests by collecting stones 593 00:25:07,548 --> 00:25:11,092 and forming them into small mounds. 594 00:25:11,094 --> 00:25:13,969 How adorable. 595 00:25:13,971 --> 00:25:16,221 Oh, look at the eggs. 596 00:25:16,223 --> 00:25:18,975 Why is one so much bigger than the other? 597 00:25:18,977 --> 00:25:22,437 If food is limited, then the parent penguins 598 00:25:22,439 --> 00:25:27,485 will only tend to one egg while the other will die. 599 00:25:28,444 --> 00:25:30,694 That's extremely sad. 600 00:25:30,696 --> 00:25:32,779 It is part of nature, Sammy. 601 00:25:32,781 --> 00:25:34,824 But both parents are extremely devoted 602 00:25:34,826 --> 00:25:36,616 to taking care and defending their offspring 603 00:25:36,618 --> 00:25:37,828 while they grow. 604 00:25:38,663 --> 00:25:40,997 They make sure nothing happens to their chicks. 605 00:26:05,606 --> 00:26:07,648 Hello, Adelie penguins. 606 00:26:07,650 --> 00:26:09,859 We lost one of our friends. 607 00:26:09,861 --> 00:26:11,443 Her name is Mimi. 608 00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:13,653 We took a long walk here, 609 00:26:13,655 --> 00:26:15,698 and she got lost in the middle of it. 610 00:26:15,700 --> 00:26:17,491 Please help us find her. 611 00:26:17,493 --> 00:26:18,825 Absolutely. 612 00:26:18,827 --> 00:26:20,661 Where did you walk from? 613 00:26:20,663 --> 00:26:23,831 We walked here from the South Orkney Islands. 614 00:26:23,833 --> 00:26:27,168 She should be around the Ross Ice Shelf. 615 00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:28,419 Don't worry, fellas. 616 00:26:28,421 --> 00:26:30,296 We'll bring her back. 617 00:26:30,298 --> 00:26:33,799 Yes, we are on the mission. 618 00:26:33,801 --> 00:26:37,844 It's been a harsh Winter, and we hope she's okay. 619 00:26:37,846 --> 00:26:38,805 Don't worry, Adelies, 620 00:26:38,807 --> 00:26:41,265 we're going to get her back in no time. 621 00:26:41,267 --> 00:26:44,852 Space pod, what is the Ross Ice Shelf? 622 00:26:44,854 --> 00:26:46,813 The Ross Ice Shelf is the largest 623 00:26:46,815 --> 00:26:48,855 body of floating ice. 624 00:26:48,857 --> 00:26:52,026 Let's go see if Mimi is wandering around there. 625 00:26:56,907 --> 00:27:07,083 - Yay, we're on our way. - Woohoo. 626 00:27:07,085 --> 00:27:10,335 What did the penguins say to Nick and Sammy? 627 00:27:10,337 --> 00:27:12,713 I don't know, but let's find out. 628 00:27:12,715 --> 00:27:14,090 We just need to find out what 629 00:27:14,092 --> 00:27:16,094 you said to Nick and Sammy. 630 00:27:18,012 --> 00:27:21,346 What he means is we will help you if you can 631 00:27:21,348 --> 00:27:24,851 tell us what you told our friends back there. 632 00:27:24,853 --> 00:27:26,102 They're not our friends. 633 00:27:26,104 --> 00:27:28,895 Sh, yes they are. 634 00:27:28,897 --> 00:27:32,275 Now, please, could you tell us where they're going? 635 00:27:32,277 --> 00:27:34,901 They're heading toward the Ross Ice Shelf. 636 00:27:34,903 --> 00:27:37,697 Oh, but we're afraid they might not make it. 637 00:27:37,699 --> 00:27:39,114 Why do you think that? 638 00:27:39,116 --> 00:27:41,241 We forgot to tell them about the mountain 639 00:27:41,243 --> 00:27:43,326 they must cross to get to the ice shelf. 640 00:27:43,328 --> 00:27:46,706 We're afraid we might have gotten them lost as well. 641 00:27:47,584 --> 00:27:48,625 Yes. 642 00:27:49,669 --> 00:27:51,710 I mean, oh no. 643 00:27:51,712 --> 00:27:53,755 Which mountain is it? 644 00:27:53,757 --> 00:27:56,548 They are headed towards the Ross Ice Shelf. 645 00:27:56,550 --> 00:27:57,842 Oh. 646 00:27:57,844 --> 00:27:59,719 Thanks for letting us know. 647 00:27:59,721 --> 00:28:01,345 Yeah, thanks. 648 00:28:01,347 --> 00:28:03,389 Do you know what that means? 649 00:28:03,391 --> 00:28:05,682 That we're going to beat Nick and Sammy 650 00:28:05,684 --> 00:28:08,143 to the lost penguin. 651 00:28:08,145 --> 00:28:10,563 Exactly, you're right, Tumble. 652 00:28:10,565 --> 00:28:12,690 We're going to win this competition, 653 00:28:12,692 --> 00:28:16,401 and we're going to be real Space Explorers. 654 00:28:16,403 --> 00:28:20,073 I can already see us in our new uniforms. 655 00:28:20,075 --> 00:28:20,989 Me too. 656 00:28:20,991 --> 00:28:22,824 I have an idea. 657 00:28:22,826 --> 00:28:23,950 Oh yeah? 658 00:28:23,952 --> 00:28:24,786 What is that? 659 00:28:24,788 --> 00:28:27,162 Let's call our friend Cosmos. 660 00:28:27,164 --> 00:28:29,082 He's a total space geek. 661 00:28:29,084 --> 00:28:31,709 He knows everything there is to know about Earth. 662 00:28:31,711 --> 00:28:33,001 Oh, yeah. 663 00:28:33,003 --> 00:28:34,545 Great idea. 664 00:28:34,547 --> 00:28:36,088 Let's call Cosmos. 665 00:28:36,090 --> 00:28:38,591 Call Cosmos. 666 00:28:38,593 --> 00:28:41,009 Oh good golly, hey there Rumble and Tumble. 667 00:28:41,011 --> 00:28:41,846 What's going on? 668 00:28:42,971 --> 00:28:44,971 Hey Cosmos, we're in need of your help. 669 00:28:44,973 --> 00:28:45,806 Oh yeah? 670 00:28:45,808 --> 00:28:47,642 What do you need? 671 00:28:47,644 --> 00:28:50,937 We need help navigating around Antarctica. 672 00:28:50,939 --> 00:28:54,731 Antarctica, I know everything there is to know 673 00:28:54,733 --> 00:28:55,982 about Antarctica. 674 00:28:55,984 --> 00:28:57,192 Will you help us? 675 00:28:57,194 --> 00:28:59,903 What's in it for me? 676 00:28:59,905 --> 00:29:04,866 How does a big bucket of sardine flavored ice sound? 677 00:29:04,868 --> 00:29:06,244 Oh, yum. 678 00:29:06,246 --> 00:29:07,661 I want. 679 00:29:07,663 --> 00:29:11,164 Then please, help us find Mount Markham. 680 00:29:11,166 --> 00:29:12,792 That is very easy. 681 00:29:12,794 --> 00:29:15,460 Mount Markham is right by the Ross Ice Shelf 682 00:29:15,462 --> 00:29:17,921 toward the southeast of Antarctica. 683 00:29:17,923 --> 00:29:19,759 Awesome. 684 00:29:20,218 --> 00:29:21,383 Let's go. 685 00:29:21,385 --> 00:29:24,053 Wait, what are they doing, Rumble? 686 00:29:24,055 --> 00:29:25,263 Are they hurt? 687 00:29:25,265 --> 00:29:28,056 We can ask Cosmos, he'll know. 688 00:29:28,058 --> 00:29:31,686 What are those penguins doing down there, Cosmos? 689 00:29:31,688 --> 00:29:34,479 These Adelie penguins are tobogganing. 690 00:29:34,481 --> 00:29:36,065 Tobogganing? 691 00:29:36,067 --> 00:29:37,275 What is that? 692 00:29:38,611 --> 00:29:40,444 This means that they are laying on their stomachs 693 00:29:40,446 --> 00:29:43,405 and pushing their ways forward with their feet, 694 00:29:43,407 --> 00:29:46,034 using their flippers to balance and to move. 695 00:29:46,036 --> 00:29:49,202 Wow, how fast do they go? 696 00:29:49,204 --> 00:29:51,413 It can be used as a fast sprint, 697 00:29:51,415 --> 00:29:56,044 or a leisurely cruise over a long period of time. 698 00:29:56,046 --> 00:29:58,587 They can move faster than a running person. 699 00:29:58,589 --> 00:30:00,047 That's incredible. 700 00:30:00,049 --> 00:30:01,923 Thanks, Cosmos. 701 00:30:01,925 --> 00:30:02,924 You're welcome, guys. 702 00:30:02,926 --> 00:30:05,385 Just don't forget about my big old bucket of 703 00:30:05,387 --> 00:30:07,055 sardine flavored ice. 704 00:30:07,057 --> 00:30:08,221 We won't. 705 00:30:08,223 --> 00:30:11,808 I'm sure Nick and Sammy don't know about tobogganing. 706 00:30:11,810 --> 00:30:16,064 Maybe we can use it to beat them to the lost penguin. 707 00:30:16,066 --> 00:30:18,026 Now come on, and let's go. 708 00:30:24,949 --> 00:30:26,908 Oh no, I think we're lost. 709 00:30:26,910 --> 00:30:29,076 What are we going to do? 710 00:30:29,078 --> 00:30:32,955 Skya, can you find our way to the ice shelf? 711 00:30:32,957 --> 00:30:34,207 I can't. 712 00:30:34,209 --> 00:30:35,708 My global positioning system is being affected 713 00:30:35,710 --> 00:30:38,335 by the cold temperatures and doesn't seem to work right now. 714 00:30:38,337 --> 00:30:40,046 Sorry, guys. 715 00:30:40,048 --> 00:30:43,298 Let's call Commander Gruff to see if he can help us. 716 00:30:43,300 --> 00:30:44,676 Great idea. 717 00:30:44,678 --> 00:30:48,054 We need to find the lost penguin as soon as possible. 718 00:30:48,056 --> 00:30:51,056 Skya, call Commander Gruff, please. 719 00:30:51,058 --> 00:30:53,017 What's the trouble, Space Explorers? 720 00:30:53,019 --> 00:30:56,645 The cold temperature's affecting Skya's GPS tracker. 721 00:30:56,647 --> 00:30:59,315 We don't know how else to get to the ice shelf. 722 00:30:59,317 --> 00:31:03,111 Let me see if I can track your pod from the headquarters, 723 00:31:03,113 --> 00:31:05,323 and I'll guide you from there. 724 00:31:06,115 --> 00:31:09,574 Okay, it appears that you are near Mount Markham. 725 00:31:09,576 --> 00:31:12,703 Is that very far from the ice shelf? 726 00:31:12,705 --> 00:31:15,456 You're actually really close to the ice shelf. 727 00:31:15,458 --> 00:31:17,667 All you have to do is go over the mountain, 728 00:31:17,669 --> 00:31:21,170 and you will be in the Ross Ice Shelf. 729 00:31:21,172 --> 00:31:25,257 How tall is Mount Markham? 730 00:31:25,259 --> 00:31:30,306 Mount Markham stands at 4,351 meters tall. 731 00:31:32,349 --> 00:31:34,267 Wow. 732 00:31:34,269 --> 00:31:36,936 Will there be other penguins there as well? 733 00:31:36,938 --> 00:31:40,148 It's he time of year where penguins are 734 00:31:40,150 --> 00:31:42,566 migrating around Antarctica, so there should be 735 00:31:42,568 --> 00:31:45,318 one or two more penguin colonies there 736 00:31:45,320 --> 00:31:46,528 that could help us out. 737 00:31:46,530 --> 00:31:48,905 Great, let's get over this mountain, 738 00:31:48,907 --> 00:31:50,741 and see if we could find Mimi. 739 00:31:50,743 --> 00:31:54,578 What can you tell us about the Ross Ice Shelf, commander? 740 00:31:54,580 --> 00:31:56,956 Ice shelves are permanent floating sheets of ice 741 00:31:56,958 --> 00:31:59,167 that are connected to a piece of land. 742 00:31:59,169 --> 00:32:02,961 In this case, Ross Ice Shelf is connected to Antarctica. 743 00:32:02,963 --> 00:32:06,132 How do ice shelves form? 744 00:32:06,134 --> 00:32:08,968 Glaciers and ice streams form ice sheets 745 00:32:08,970 --> 00:32:11,511 that grow larger when the ocean is cold enough 746 00:32:11,513 --> 00:32:13,847 for the ice to not melt. 747 00:32:13,849 --> 00:32:15,307 How big is it? 748 00:32:15,309 --> 00:32:17,059 The Ross Ice Shelf is approximately 749 00:32:17,061 --> 00:32:19,437 50 meters above the water surface. 750 00:32:19,439 --> 00:32:24,066 But 90% of the floating ice is below the water surface. 751 00:32:24,068 --> 00:32:26,777 Then how does it manage to stay up? 752 00:32:26,779 --> 00:32:28,403 Ice floats because it is 753 00:32:28,405 --> 00:32:31,157 9% less dense than water. 754 00:32:31,159 --> 00:32:32,991 Think of density like weight. 755 00:32:32,993 --> 00:32:34,994 Ice has less density than water, 756 00:32:34,996 --> 00:32:37,246 which makes it lighter than water. 757 00:32:37,248 --> 00:32:39,373 So when ice is put into water, 758 00:32:39,375 --> 00:32:42,334 the water keeps it up on the surface. 759 00:32:42,336 --> 00:32:44,253 Even in salt water? 760 00:32:44,255 --> 00:32:46,171 Especially salt water. 761 00:32:46,173 --> 00:32:49,174 Salt water is even heavier than fresh water, 762 00:32:49,176 --> 00:32:52,553 therefor it is able to hold up the fresh water glaciers 763 00:32:52,555 --> 00:32:54,764 and ice even better. 764 00:32:54,766 --> 00:32:56,807 Wow. 765 00:32:56,809 --> 00:32:58,767 However, there's bad news. 766 00:32:58,769 --> 00:33:01,019 Glaciers all over the world have been melting 767 00:33:01,021 --> 00:33:02,854 for more than 50 years now, 768 00:33:02,856 --> 00:33:05,024 and they're melting quicker and quicker. 769 00:33:05,026 --> 00:33:06,275 What's happening? 770 00:33:06,277 --> 00:33:09,569 Earth is warming up because of greenhouse gases. 771 00:33:09,571 --> 00:33:12,198 Greenhouse gases trap heat into the atmosphere, 772 00:33:12,200 --> 00:33:14,241 keeping Earth's surface warm. 773 00:33:14,243 --> 00:33:15,826 Recently, there have been more and more 774 00:33:15,828 --> 00:33:19,080 greenhouse gases and the Earth is having 775 00:33:19,082 --> 00:33:21,373 higher temperatures than ever before. 776 00:33:21,375 --> 00:33:22,210 Oh no. 777 00:33:23,252 --> 00:33:25,795 What happens if the glaciers melt completely 778 00:33:25,797 --> 00:33:27,462 from the climate change? 779 00:33:27,464 --> 00:33:29,257 Nothing good, Sammy. 780 00:33:29,259 --> 00:33:31,092 It will be a huge disaster. 781 00:33:31,094 --> 00:33:34,136 When glaciers melt, they add water into the ocean, 782 00:33:34,138 --> 00:33:39,100 which will cause sea levels to rise significantly. 783 00:33:39,102 --> 00:33:41,059 Many people who live by the coast 784 00:33:41,061 --> 00:33:43,729 or by areas of low sea levels will have 785 00:33:43,731 --> 00:33:45,023 their homes flooded. 786 00:33:45,025 --> 00:33:47,232 How high will the sea level rise? 787 00:33:47,234 --> 00:33:49,610 If all the land ice on the planet were to melt, 788 00:33:49,612 --> 00:33:53,030 sea levels would rise by 216 feet. 789 00:33:53,032 --> 00:33:55,033 That's awful. 790 00:33:55,035 --> 00:33:57,451 Is there any way to stop it? 791 00:33:57,453 --> 00:33:59,120 There are a few ways, 792 00:33:59,122 --> 00:34:01,913 but it'll take a lot of effort, 793 00:34:01,915 --> 00:34:04,334 and a lot of people to do it. 794 00:34:04,336 --> 00:34:06,251 Everyone should help save the planet. 795 00:34:06,253 --> 00:34:08,253 You're right, Nick. 796 00:34:08,255 --> 00:34:10,048 The ways you can help out is to make sure 797 00:34:10,050 --> 00:34:11,465 you use less energy. 798 00:34:11,467 --> 00:34:13,258 Turn off the lights when you don't need them 799 00:34:13,260 --> 00:34:14,760 bike or walk whenever possible, 800 00:34:14,762 --> 00:34:17,429 using less water and use green power. 801 00:34:17,431 --> 00:34:20,141 What does green power mean? 802 00:34:20,143 --> 00:34:22,934 Green power is power that comes 803 00:34:22,936 --> 00:34:26,481 from natural forces, such as the wind, 804 00:34:26,483 --> 00:34:30,568 water, coal, or solar energy. 805 00:34:30,570 --> 00:34:33,278 These are renewable resources, 806 00:34:33,280 --> 00:34:36,240 and they can help cut down the energy use. 807 00:34:36,242 --> 00:34:37,325 And lastly, explorers, 808 00:34:37,327 --> 00:34:38,700 don't forget to recycle. 809 00:34:38,702 --> 00:34:40,119 It doesn't matter what planet you're from, 810 00:34:40,121 --> 00:34:42,329 make sure your trash is where it should be. 811 00:34:42,331 --> 00:34:45,583 Skya and Cup-K make excellent points. 812 00:34:45,585 --> 00:34:47,168 Yes, sir. 813 00:34:47,170 --> 00:34:50,170 Now that we've got the basic facts of the ice shelves out, 814 00:34:50,172 --> 00:34:52,673 I'll tell you about the life that lives near 815 00:34:52,675 --> 00:34:54,427 or on the ice shelves. 816 00:34:55,302 --> 00:34:58,554 As you can see, some penguins do get to the ice shelf 817 00:34:58,556 --> 00:35:01,932 when traveling to where they need to go. 818 00:35:01,934 --> 00:35:03,226 What do they do there? 819 00:35:03,228 --> 00:35:06,019 Some stop to get some food to eat. 820 00:35:06,021 --> 00:35:07,479 What's there to eat? 821 00:35:07,481 --> 00:35:09,481 Well, one of the foods the penguins 822 00:35:09,483 --> 00:35:11,818 love to eat are krills. 823 00:35:11,820 --> 00:35:13,485 What are those? 824 00:35:13,487 --> 00:35:14,487 Cup-K. 825 00:35:14,489 --> 00:35:17,740 Krills are small, swimming crustaceans 826 00:35:17,742 --> 00:35:21,327 that live in large groups called swarms. 827 00:35:21,329 --> 00:35:23,579 How fascinating. 828 00:35:23,581 --> 00:35:27,249 And say, what are crustaceans? 829 00:35:27,251 --> 00:35:29,126 Well, crustaceans are animals 830 00:35:29,128 --> 00:35:31,628 that usually have an exoskeleton, 831 00:35:31,630 --> 00:35:35,298 which means they have a skeleton on the outside. 832 00:35:36,802 --> 00:35:38,970 Some common crustaceans on Earth 833 00:35:38,972 --> 00:35:42,389 include lobsters and shrimps. 834 00:35:42,391 --> 00:35:43,268 Interesting. 835 00:35:44,728 --> 00:35:48,854 If penguins eat krills, what do krills eat? 836 00:35:48,856 --> 00:35:51,356 Wonderful question, Sammy. 837 00:35:51,358 --> 00:35:53,443 Krills scrape off ice algae 838 00:35:53,445 --> 00:35:55,945 from the underside of pack ice. 839 00:35:55,947 --> 00:35:57,195 Thanks, Commander Gruff. 840 00:35:57,197 --> 00:35:59,824 I feel like we've learned so much about Antarctica 841 00:35:59,826 --> 00:36:01,409 and its wildlife. 842 00:36:01,411 --> 00:36:03,744 And there's still plenty more to learn. 843 00:36:03,746 --> 00:36:05,246 Good luck, Space Explorers. 844 00:36:05,248 --> 00:36:06,414 I'll lead you to your mission. 845 00:36:06,416 --> 00:36:09,541 Captain Maya will be speaking to you soon. 846 00:36:09,543 --> 00:36:12,670 Hey, Skya, can we get closer to the penguins 847 00:36:12,672 --> 00:36:14,213 to see their behavior? 848 00:36:14,215 --> 00:36:15,798 We'll have to be gentle and careful 849 00:36:15,800 --> 00:36:17,467 when approaching penguins because they might 850 00:36:17,469 --> 00:36:19,427 see us as dangerous. 851 00:36:19,429 --> 00:36:22,679 But we can send Cup-K out to get a closer look. 852 00:36:22,681 --> 00:36:23,515 Alright. 853 00:36:24,559 --> 00:36:29,311 Wow, this colony looks bigger than the others. 854 00:36:29,313 --> 00:36:31,646 The size of a colony depends on 855 00:36:31,648 --> 00:36:33,483 what they're trying to do. 856 00:36:33,485 --> 00:36:37,278 Those that need to breed tend to be in one colony, 857 00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:40,990 and others who are just hunting or migrating 858 00:36:40,992 --> 00:36:44,662 will be in another. 859 00:36:58,592 --> 00:37:00,467 How big can colonies get? 860 00:37:00,469 --> 00:37:05,265 They can range from thousands to tens of thousands. 861 00:37:05,599 --> 00:37:07,307 Space Explorers. 862 00:37:07,309 --> 00:37:08,517 Captain Maya. 863 00:37:08,519 --> 00:37:10,394 Commander Gruff has just briefed me on your 864 00:37:10,396 --> 00:37:12,813 trip to the Ross Ice Shelf. 865 00:37:12,815 --> 00:37:13,898 How's that going? 866 00:37:13,900 --> 00:37:15,023 Great, we've sent Cup-K out 867 00:37:15,025 --> 00:37:17,485 to get a closer look at the penguin behaviors, 868 00:37:17,487 --> 00:37:19,945 to see if we can figure out where the lost penguin 869 00:37:19,947 --> 00:37:21,030 could have headed. 870 00:37:21,032 --> 00:37:23,240 Hello, Captain Maya. 871 00:37:23,242 --> 00:37:24,325 Hi, Cup-K. 872 00:37:24,327 --> 00:37:26,284 And that sounds fantastic. 873 00:37:26,286 --> 00:37:29,454 How do the penguins keep warm, Cup-K? 874 00:37:29,456 --> 00:37:31,541 Aren't they warm blooded animals? 875 00:37:31,543 --> 00:37:34,043 They are, indeed, warm blooded. 876 00:37:34,045 --> 00:37:36,295 But they have developed physical traits 877 00:37:36,297 --> 00:37:38,965 that allow them to keep warms. 878 00:37:38,967 --> 00:37:42,885 For example, penguins have thick layer of fat 879 00:37:42,887 --> 00:37:45,554 to keep them warm, and they have a kind of oil 880 00:37:45,556 --> 00:37:48,641 on their feathers that keeps them dry 881 00:37:48,643 --> 00:37:50,976 from the freezing water. 882 00:37:50,978 --> 00:37:52,353 What about their feet? 883 00:37:52,355 --> 00:37:54,063 Don't their feet get cold? 884 00:37:54,065 --> 00:37:56,648 That's a great question, Nick. 885 00:37:56,650 --> 00:38:00,945 You see, there are arteries, which are blood vessels, 886 00:38:00,947 --> 00:38:04,115 in their legs that change the amount of blood flow, 887 00:38:04,117 --> 00:38:06,700 depending on the temperature of the foot. 888 00:38:06,702 --> 00:38:09,202 They allow enough blood to keep the feet 889 00:38:09,204 --> 00:38:11,873 a few degrees above freezing. 890 00:38:11,875 --> 00:38:13,958 That's amazing. 891 00:38:13,960 --> 00:38:16,336 Can human feet do that as well? 892 00:38:16,338 --> 00:38:19,380 No, penguins have adapted that trait 893 00:38:19,382 --> 00:38:24,429 to keep themselves and their feet nice and cozy. 894 00:38:25,554 --> 00:38:29,766 If humans were to stand barefoot on the Antarctic ice, 895 00:38:29,768 --> 00:38:33,561 they would get frostbite very quickly. 896 00:38:39,402 --> 00:38:40,610 It's okay, Cup-K. 897 00:38:40,612 --> 00:38:42,320 It wasn't going to hurt you. 898 00:38:42,322 --> 00:38:43,528 What was that? 899 00:38:43,530 --> 00:38:44,530 That was a seal, 900 00:38:44,532 --> 00:38:47,575 an Antarctic fur seal, to be precise. 901 00:38:47,577 --> 00:38:49,577 How can you tell the difference between 902 00:38:49,579 --> 00:38:52,914 a fur seal and other seals in Antarctica? 903 00:38:52,916 --> 00:38:54,581 Well, Antarctic fur seals 904 00:38:54,583 --> 00:38:58,001 are the only seals in Antarctica to have visible ears. 905 00:38:58,003 --> 00:38:59,461 Then that means there must be 906 00:38:59,463 --> 00:39:02,005 other types of fur seals in the world. 907 00:39:02,007 --> 00:39:03,257 Definitely. 908 00:39:03,259 --> 00:39:05,760 There are nine species of fur seals worldwide. 909 00:39:05,762 --> 00:39:08,387 They were almost hunted to extinction for their fur, 910 00:39:08,389 --> 00:39:10,972 hence their name being fur seals. 911 00:39:10,974 --> 00:39:12,641 But there seems to be a big 912 00:39:12,643 --> 00:39:14,644 population of them here. 913 00:39:14,646 --> 00:39:15,936 And you are right. 914 00:39:15,938 --> 00:39:18,356 In fact, the Antarctic fur seal population 915 00:39:18,358 --> 00:39:20,858 in the South Georgia Islands is the biggest 916 00:39:20,860 --> 00:39:23,485 marine animal population on Earth. 917 00:39:23,487 --> 00:39:25,862 The population bounced back when baleen whales 918 00:39:25,864 --> 00:39:27,990 almost went extinct as well. 919 00:39:27,992 --> 00:39:29,367 What happened? 920 00:39:29,369 --> 00:39:32,452 Well, they could've gobbled me up. 921 00:39:35,666 --> 00:39:39,459 No way, Cup-K. 922 00:39:39,461 --> 00:39:42,755 Antarctic fur seals usually eat krill, fish, and squids. 923 00:39:42,757 --> 00:39:45,090 Not smart little robots. 924 00:39:48,179 --> 00:39:51,555 I guess I should've known that. 925 00:39:51,557 --> 00:39:53,807 Oh, that's okay. 926 00:39:53,809 --> 00:39:55,809 You never know what you're going to encounter 927 00:39:55,811 --> 00:39:58,646 in the wild Antarctica. 928 00:39:58,648 --> 00:39:59,479 That's right. 929 00:39:59,481 --> 00:40:01,106 Good luck, Space Explorers. 930 00:40:01,108 --> 00:40:02,525 Don't forget to hurry. 931 00:40:02,527 --> 00:40:04,026 The poor, lost penguin has been 932 00:40:04,028 --> 00:40:05,903 wandering for a long time now. 933 00:40:05,905 --> 00:40:09,115 We want to get her to safety as soon as possible. 934 00:40:09,117 --> 00:40:09,949 Definitely. 935 00:40:09,951 --> 00:40:11,200 Bye, Captain Maya. 936 00:40:11,202 --> 00:40:13,619 Alrighty, let's find Mimi. 937 00:40:13,621 --> 00:40:16,664 Maybe she got lost in this group of penguins. 938 00:40:16,666 --> 00:40:20,793 Cup-K, can you get closer to the penguins? 939 00:40:20,795 --> 00:40:23,463 Something doesn't seem right. 940 00:40:23,465 --> 00:40:24,880 What's wrong, Nick? 941 00:40:24,882 --> 00:40:28,342 Something seems off about this colony of penguins. 942 00:40:28,344 --> 00:40:30,677 I wonder what it is. 943 00:40:30,679 --> 00:40:32,137 Oh, clever explorers. 944 00:40:32,139 --> 00:40:33,930 You are very observant. 945 00:40:33,932 --> 00:40:36,809 These are actually chinstrap penguins. 946 00:40:36,811 --> 00:40:38,644 They are another species of penguins 947 00:40:38,646 --> 00:40:40,021 that live in Antarctica. 948 00:40:40,023 --> 00:40:42,815 They sure look like Adelie's from far away. 949 00:40:42,817 --> 00:40:44,483 Chinstraps are around the same 950 00:40:44,485 --> 00:40:47,320 height and weight as Adelie's. 951 00:40:47,322 --> 00:40:51,490 Ah, I know why they're called chinstraps. 952 00:40:51,492 --> 00:40:52,532 How do you know? 953 00:40:52,534 --> 00:40:54,534 Look at their chins, Nick. 954 00:40:54,536 --> 00:40:56,829 It's as if they have thin straps 955 00:40:56,831 --> 00:40:59,916 going rom their chins to the top of their heads. 956 00:40:59,918 --> 00:41:02,918 You're right, they're adorable. 957 00:41:02,920 --> 00:41:06,755 Wait, but that means that Mimi's not here. 958 00:41:06,757 --> 00:41:10,092 Oh man, where could she have gone? 959 00:41:10,094 --> 00:41:11,760 Let's fly around the ice shelf 960 00:41:11,762 --> 00:41:14,097 to see if she's wandering around somewhere nearby. 961 00:41:14,099 --> 00:41:15,555 Good idea, Sammy. 962 00:41:15,557 --> 00:41:17,516 Cup-K, help us look, too. 963 00:41:17,518 --> 00:41:18,976 Of course. 964 00:41:18,978 --> 00:41:21,144 I hope Mimi is okay. 965 00:41:21,146 --> 00:41:24,315 Us too, Cup-K, us too. 966 00:41:28,070 --> 00:41:29,195 Come on, Tumble. 967 00:41:29,197 --> 00:41:32,740 If they're going that way, we'll go this way. 968 00:41:32,742 --> 00:41:35,325 I'm sure we're gonna find the penguin first. 969 00:41:35,327 --> 00:41:38,871 Yes, we'll look where they aren't looking. 970 00:41:40,125 --> 00:41:42,333 I hope she hasn't gone too far. 971 00:41:42,335 --> 00:41:44,001 What are those? 972 00:41:44,003 --> 00:41:47,713 Ooh, they're elephant seals. 973 00:41:47,715 --> 00:41:52,592 Much bigger than fur seals, and much more vicious. 974 00:41:52,594 --> 00:41:57,305 They have long trunk-like noses, like an elephant's. 975 00:41:57,307 --> 00:42:00,101 That's why they're called elephant seals. 976 00:42:00,103 --> 00:42:01,811 What are they doing there? 977 00:42:01,813 --> 00:42:04,813 They like the company of other elephant seals. 978 00:42:04,815 --> 00:42:09,943 They usually enjoy laying around the shore near the water. 979 00:42:09,945 --> 00:42:13,613 But they spend 80% of their lives in the ocean, 980 00:42:13,615 --> 00:42:17,409 where they hunt for preys like octopus, eels, 981 00:42:17,411 --> 00:42:21,414 squids, fish, and even small sharks. 982 00:42:21,416 --> 00:42:23,708 They must be great swimmers, then. 983 00:42:23,710 --> 00:42:26,461 As a matter of fact, yes. 984 00:42:27,713 --> 00:42:30,548 Elephant seals can hold their breath underwater 985 00:42:30,550 --> 00:42:33,760 for over two hours. 986 00:42:33,762 --> 00:42:37,637 That's the longest time of any marine mammal. 987 00:42:37,639 --> 00:42:39,766 How deep can they dive? 988 00:42:39,768 --> 00:42:41,976 They have been seen diving more than 989 00:42:41,978 --> 00:42:46,856 1,500 meters underwater. 990 00:42:46,858 --> 00:42:47,692 Whoa. 991 00:42:54,615 --> 00:42:57,492 What kind of birds are those, Cosmos? 992 00:42:57,494 --> 00:42:59,619 These are Antarctic skuas. 993 00:42:59,621 --> 00:43:02,162 They are excellent flyers. 994 00:43:02,164 --> 00:43:04,125 Whoa. 995 00:43:07,211 --> 00:43:09,795 Are those whales? 996 00:43:09,797 --> 00:43:12,255 Yes, they're orcas. 997 00:43:12,257 --> 00:43:15,175 Sometimes, they're called killer whales. 998 00:43:15,177 --> 00:43:18,179 Oh wow, killer whales? 999 00:43:18,181 --> 00:43:20,639 Yes, orcas are what is referred to as 1000 00:43:20,641 --> 00:43:22,307 apex predators. 1001 00:43:22,309 --> 00:43:23,851 What does that mean? 1002 00:43:23,853 --> 00:43:25,519 It means that orcas are at the 1003 00:43:25,521 --> 00:43:27,646 top of the food chain. 1004 00:43:27,648 --> 00:43:32,025 They are the largest carnivores on Earth. 1005 00:43:32,027 --> 00:43:34,320 What are carnivores? 1006 00:43:34,322 --> 00:43:38,282 Carnivores are animals that eat meat. 1007 00:43:38,284 --> 00:43:42,452 In fact, orcas feed on sea birds, 1008 00:43:42,454 --> 00:43:47,291 squid, sea turtles, octopi, sharks, 1009 00:43:47,293 --> 00:43:50,628 fish, seals, and dugongs. 1010 00:43:50,630 --> 00:43:53,630 How does an orca communicate with others? 1011 00:43:53,632 --> 00:43:56,133 Do they sing like humpback whales? 1012 00:43:56,135 --> 00:44:00,847 No, orcas use echo location to talk to each other, 1013 00:44:00,849 --> 00:44:02,557 and also to hunt. 1014 00:44:02,559 --> 00:44:04,016 How do they do that? 1015 00:44:04,018 --> 00:44:05,434 Orcas will make a sound 1016 00:44:05,436 --> 00:44:07,019 that travels through the water 1017 00:44:07,021 --> 00:44:09,856 until the sound waves hit something. 1018 00:44:09,858 --> 00:44:14,026 Then, the sound waves will bounce back to the orca, 1019 00:44:14,028 --> 00:44:16,028 and they will be able to detect where 1020 00:44:16,030 --> 00:44:19,032 other orcas or objects are around them. 1021 00:44:19,034 --> 00:44:21,367 That's phenomenal. 1022 00:44:21,369 --> 00:44:22,702 What else? 1023 00:44:22,704 --> 00:44:24,537 Yeah, what else? 1024 00:44:24,539 --> 00:44:26,664 Did you know that orcas have a culture? 1025 00:44:26,666 --> 00:44:28,749 Animals can have cultures? 1026 00:44:28,751 --> 00:44:29,916 Why yes. 1027 00:44:29,918 --> 00:44:31,711 By definition, culture refers to beliefs, 1028 00:44:31,713 --> 00:44:33,295 values, and knowledge of a group 1029 00:44:33,297 --> 00:44:35,673 that is shared among the group. 1030 00:44:35,675 --> 00:44:38,175 In orca groups, also called pods, 1031 00:44:38,177 --> 00:44:42,304 elder orcas pass knowledge to the younger ones 1032 00:44:42,306 --> 00:44:43,472 about what to eat and where to find it, 1033 00:44:43,474 --> 00:44:45,891 how to catch prey, and what to avoid. 1034 00:44:45,893 --> 00:44:49,354 Older orcas actually teach the younger ones 1035 00:44:49,356 --> 00:44:51,813 the different calls and vocalizations 1036 00:44:51,815 --> 00:44:54,816 that are unique to each pod and family group. 1037 00:44:54,818 --> 00:44:59,697 It's like an accent of separate orcas. 1038 00:44:59,699 --> 00:45:00,782 Whoa. 1039 00:45:00,784 --> 00:45:04,869 Orcas are such amazing types of whales. 1040 00:45:04,871 --> 00:45:08,789 Well this might come as a surprise to you guys, 1041 00:45:08,791 --> 00:45:11,793 but did you know, even though they're sometimes 1042 00:45:11,795 --> 00:45:15,755 called killer whales, orcas are actually not 1043 00:45:15,757 --> 00:45:17,507 a type of whale? 1044 00:45:17,509 --> 00:45:18,715 What? 1045 00:45:18,717 --> 00:45:20,133 Then what are they? 1046 00:45:20,135 --> 00:45:21,135 Get ready for the biggest 1047 00:45:21,137 --> 00:45:22,637 surprise of this mission. 1048 00:45:22,639 --> 00:45:27,391 Killer whales are actually a type of dolphin. 1049 00:45:27,393 --> 00:45:31,396 They are the biggest kind of dolphins on the planet. 1050 00:45:31,398 --> 00:45:35,441 Whoa, I did not expect that. 1051 00:45:35,443 --> 00:45:36,983 Me neither. 1052 00:45:36,985 --> 00:45:39,862 That's mind boggling, Skya. 1053 00:45:39,864 --> 00:45:41,530 Animals are fascinating, aren't they? 1054 00:45:43,952 --> 00:45:46,827 Those animals look like seals. 1055 00:45:46,829 --> 00:45:48,912 Not even close, Tumble. 1056 00:45:48,914 --> 00:45:50,831 They are sea lions. 1057 00:45:50,833 --> 00:45:53,208 There are three big differences. 1058 00:45:53,210 --> 00:45:57,005 Sea lions have ear flaps, and most seals don't. 1059 00:45:57,007 --> 00:45:59,423 Sea lions walk on land using their flippers, 1060 00:45:59,425 --> 00:46:01,800 but seals bounce on their bellies. 1061 00:46:01,802 --> 00:46:05,637 And lastly, sea lions use their front flippers to swim, 1062 00:46:05,639 --> 00:46:08,349 but seals use their back flippers. 1063 00:46:08,351 --> 00:46:11,730 Wow, I didn't know they were so different. 1064 00:46:13,565 --> 00:46:15,356 I feel some incoming winds. 1065 00:46:15,358 --> 00:46:16,941 Let's be careful. 1066 00:46:34,210 --> 00:46:35,628 It's a penguin. 1067 00:46:36,838 --> 00:46:38,003 I think that's Mimi. 1068 00:46:38,005 --> 00:46:41,007 Oh no, look. 1069 00:46:41,009 --> 00:46:45,802 It's a crevasse. 1070 00:46:45,804 --> 00:46:47,637 Skya, can you fly faster? 1071 00:46:47,639 --> 00:46:50,016 We're going as fast as we can. 1072 00:46:50,018 --> 00:46:52,476 But in this wind, it's very hard to fly. 1073 00:46:52,478 --> 00:46:54,186 We're not going to make it. 1074 00:46:54,188 --> 00:46:55,230 We have to. 1075 00:46:59,652 --> 00:47:01,860 Wait, where's Cup-K? 1076 00:47:01,862 --> 00:47:07,532 Cup-K. 1077 00:47:07,534 --> 00:47:12,871 Don't worry about me. 1078 00:47:12,873 --> 00:47:14,706 I'm safe. 1079 00:47:14,708 --> 00:47:15,708 Go. 1080 00:47:15,710 --> 00:47:18,126 Save penguin. 1081 00:47:18,128 --> 00:47:19,878 Stay behind, Cup-K. 1082 00:47:19,880 --> 00:47:21,674 We'll get you immediately after. 1083 00:47:23,092 --> 00:47:24,675 Skya, can you turn up the thrusters? 1084 00:47:24,677 --> 00:47:26,721 Thrusters turning to 100%. 1085 00:47:35,313 --> 00:47:37,190 Hurry, we have to save her. 1086 00:47:38,942 --> 00:47:41,650 Thrusters are go at max power, here we go. 1087 00:47:41,652 --> 00:47:51,119 Hold on tight, guys. 1088 00:47:51,121 --> 00:47:52,579 Hang on, Mimi. 1089 00:47:57,251 --> 00:47:58,959 Oh no, we're too late. 1090 00:47:58,961 --> 00:48:01,128 Nick and Sammy have beat us. 1091 00:48:01,130 --> 00:48:02,170 It's alright, Tumble. 1092 00:48:02,172 --> 00:48:04,173 We still have the competition. 1093 00:48:04,175 --> 00:48:06,508 We have to win the competition. 1094 00:48:07,721 --> 00:48:10,137 But how are we going to win? 1095 00:48:10,139 --> 00:48:11,514 I have an idea. 1096 00:48:11,516 --> 00:48:13,057 You do? 1097 00:48:13,059 --> 00:48:15,309 Yes, I do. 1098 00:48:15,311 --> 00:48:16,144 Come on. 1099 00:48:16,146 --> 00:48:17,186 What is it? 1100 00:48:17,188 --> 00:48:18,813 You'll see. 1101 00:48:18,815 --> 00:48:20,063 Let's go. 1102 00:48:31,161 --> 00:48:32,162 Hi, I'm Nick. 1103 00:48:33,163 --> 00:48:35,287 I'm Sammy. 1104 00:48:35,289 --> 00:48:38,916 Oh, thank you very much, Cup-K, for saving me. 1105 00:48:38,918 --> 00:48:40,168 I'm Mimi. 1106 00:48:40,170 --> 00:48:42,711 We're glad to see you're okay. 1107 00:48:42,713 --> 00:48:46,173 Yeah, we were looking all over Antarctica for you. 1108 00:48:46,175 --> 00:48:48,842 We went to speak to some emperor penguins, 1109 00:48:48,844 --> 00:48:50,635 then we went to Adelie Island, 1110 00:48:50,637 --> 00:48:52,847 where we met some of your friends and family, 1111 00:48:52,849 --> 00:48:55,182 who told us where you might be. 1112 00:48:55,184 --> 00:48:59,061 But we got a little lost at Mount Markham. 1113 00:48:59,063 --> 00:49:01,938 But then we found some chinstrap penguins. 1114 00:49:01,940 --> 00:49:03,983 And then finally found you. 1115 00:49:03,985 --> 00:49:07,028 I'm sorry you had to go through all the trouble. 1116 00:49:07,030 --> 00:49:08,820 Oh, don't say that. 1117 00:49:08,822 --> 00:49:10,740 It was no trouble at all. 1118 00:49:10,742 --> 00:49:12,367 We just wanted to see you safe, 1119 00:49:12,369 --> 00:49:14,659 and bring you back to your friends and family. 1120 00:49:14,661 --> 00:49:16,537 They miss you very much. 1121 00:49:16,539 --> 00:49:18,539 How I miss them, too. 1122 00:49:18,541 --> 00:49:21,208 Just how did you get lost from your colony? 1123 00:49:21,210 --> 00:49:24,211 I was with the colony for most of the way, 1124 00:49:24,213 --> 00:49:27,005 then we had to jump across a similar crevasse 1125 00:49:27,007 --> 00:49:28,758 from the one back there, 1126 00:49:28,760 --> 00:49:32,679 and everyone in my colony made it except for me. 1127 00:49:32,681 --> 00:49:34,262 Oh no. 1128 00:49:34,264 --> 00:49:35,639 Then what happened? 1129 00:49:35,641 --> 00:49:37,391 It took me down a different path, 1130 00:49:37,393 --> 00:49:39,976 and I had to find my way back up. 1131 00:49:39,978 --> 00:49:42,229 But by the time I got back up, 1132 00:49:42,231 --> 00:49:44,190 everyone had left. 1133 00:49:44,192 --> 00:49:46,066 Didn't they know you were missing? 1134 00:49:46,068 --> 00:49:48,610 Well, when we migrate as far as we did, 1135 00:49:48,612 --> 00:49:50,905 we just want to focus on ourselves 1136 00:49:50,907 --> 00:49:53,032 and make sure we don't fall or get lost. 1137 00:49:53,034 --> 00:49:56,411 It's hard to keep track of everybody else. 1138 00:49:56,413 --> 00:49:58,079 Wow. 1139 00:49:58,081 --> 00:50:00,248 You're very brave, Mimi. 1140 00:50:00,250 --> 00:50:02,458 I'm just so glad you guys got me 1141 00:50:02,460 --> 00:50:05,420 before I fell into that crevasse back there. 1142 00:50:05,422 --> 00:50:08,005 Hey, guys, let's not forget about Cup-K. 1143 00:50:08,007 --> 00:50:09,173 He's still out there. 1144 00:50:09,175 --> 00:50:11,633 Let's beam her on board right away. 1145 00:50:11,635 --> 00:50:13,260 Yes, thank you, Skya. 1146 00:50:13,262 --> 00:50:16,097 Oh, we're so sorry, Cup-K. 1147 00:50:16,099 --> 00:50:18,641 We didn't mean to forget you. 1148 00:50:19,853 --> 00:50:22,019 Oh, it's okay. 1149 00:50:22,021 --> 00:50:24,104 It was a good exercise for me. 1150 00:50:24,106 --> 00:50:28,108 Can you believe how strong the wind is out there? 1151 00:50:28,110 --> 00:50:31,278 Did you guys know that the highest recorded 1152 00:50:31,280 --> 00:50:36,036 wind velocity in Antarctica is 327 kilometers per hour? 1153 00:50:38,329 --> 00:50:43,376 Which is a whopping 199 miles per hour. 1154 00:50:44,043 --> 00:50:45,918 Wow. 1155 00:50:45,920 --> 00:50:48,086 Hey Cup-K, this is Mimi. 1156 00:50:48,088 --> 00:50:50,048 Mimi, this is Cup-K. 1157 00:50:50,050 --> 00:50:52,215 He was the one who helped us save you. 1158 00:50:52,217 --> 00:50:55,635 Oh thank you very much, Cup-K. 1159 00:50:55,637 --> 00:50:57,095 Absolutely. 1160 00:50:57,097 --> 00:50:59,264 It was my job to help you out. 1161 00:50:59,266 --> 00:51:01,351 We should get back to Adelie land, 1162 00:51:01,353 --> 00:51:03,561 where you can be back with your colony. 1163 00:51:13,739 --> 00:51:20,577 Here we are, back with your colony. 1164 00:51:20,579 --> 00:51:23,789 Wow, I didn't imagine I'd ever see them again. 1165 00:51:23,791 --> 00:51:26,543 Let's take you to your friends and family. 1166 00:51:42,393 --> 00:51:43,934 Hi everybody. 1167 00:51:43,936 --> 00:51:45,269 We've missed you. 1168 00:51:45,271 --> 00:51:47,146 Thank you all so much. 1169 00:51:47,148 --> 00:51:51,316 How can we ever show you our gratitude? 1170 00:51:51,318 --> 00:51:53,151 Oh no, don't worry. 1171 00:51:53,153 --> 00:51:55,737 It was an honor to help out. 1172 00:51:55,739 --> 00:51:57,155 It definitely was. 1173 00:51:57,157 --> 00:51:59,157 The journey we had taken to save Mimi 1174 00:51:59,159 --> 00:52:02,161 has taught us a lot about penguins and Antarctica, 1175 00:52:02,163 --> 00:52:04,579 which will help win the competition. 1176 00:52:04,581 --> 00:52:06,374 What competition is that? 1177 00:52:06,376 --> 00:52:07,374 You see, guys. 1178 00:52:07,376 --> 00:52:11,211 We're Space Explorers in training. 1179 00:52:11,213 --> 00:52:13,213 We still need to win a competition 1180 00:52:13,215 --> 00:52:15,175 to become full fledged. 1181 00:52:16,385 --> 00:52:17,260 Bonafide. 1182 00:52:17,262 --> 00:52:18,094 Official. 1183 00:52:18,096 --> 00:52:19,556 Space Explorers. 1184 00:52:21,724 --> 00:52:22,889 Oh, how marvelous. 1185 00:52:22,891 --> 00:52:24,559 Is there anything we can help you with? 1186 00:52:24,561 --> 00:52:28,729 Well, now that you mention it. 1187 00:52:28,731 --> 00:52:30,815 You could let us know something about penguins 1188 00:52:30,817 --> 00:52:33,191 that Rumble and Tumble, our competition, 1189 00:52:33,193 --> 00:52:34,860 might not know about. 1190 00:52:34,862 --> 00:52:36,403 We can do that. 1191 00:52:36,405 --> 00:52:39,241 Yay. 1192 00:52:48,251 --> 00:52:50,418 Congratulations, Space Explorers. 1193 00:52:50,420 --> 00:52:52,420 You've done a fantastic job. 1194 00:52:52,422 --> 00:52:55,590 You've saved the penguin, and brought it back to its colony. 1195 00:52:55,592 --> 00:52:57,215 Your mission was completed with 1196 00:52:57,217 --> 00:53:00,260 great problem solving skills, openness to learning, 1197 00:53:00,262 --> 00:53:03,264 and wonderful quick decision making abilities. 1198 00:53:03,266 --> 00:53:04,974 Thank you, Captain Maya. 1199 00:53:04,976 --> 00:53:07,267 I'm extremely proud of both of you. 1200 00:53:07,269 --> 00:53:09,228 Now, it's time for the competition. 1201 00:53:09,230 --> 00:53:10,563 Right. 1202 00:53:10,565 --> 00:53:12,648 You will face off against the competing team, 1203 00:53:12,650 --> 00:53:14,441 which is Rumble and Tumble. 1204 00:53:14,443 --> 00:53:16,985 At the competition, you will be tested on 1205 00:53:16,987 --> 00:53:18,987 different facts about penguins. 1206 00:53:18,989 --> 00:53:20,615 The winner will be the team that knows 1207 00:53:20,617 --> 00:53:24,619 the most about penguins and are able to recall the facts. 1208 00:53:24,621 --> 00:53:27,412 We are ready. 1209 00:53:31,628 --> 00:53:33,293 Greetings, explorers. 1210 00:53:33,295 --> 00:53:35,045 Hello, Commander Gruff. 1211 00:53:35,047 --> 00:53:37,423 Welcome to the competition. 1212 00:53:37,425 --> 00:53:40,258 This is a competition that tests your knowledge on 1213 00:53:40,260 --> 00:53:42,595 the animals you've met on your mission. 1214 00:53:42,597 --> 00:53:45,639 Each time someone on your team gets a question right, 1215 00:53:45,641 --> 00:53:47,685 your team will get a point. 1216 00:53:48,436 --> 00:53:50,228 Nick and Sammy are a team, 1217 00:53:50,230 --> 00:53:52,896 and Rumble and Tumble are a team. 1218 00:53:52,898 --> 00:53:56,400 Each contestant will have 30 seconds to answer the question. 1219 00:53:56,402 --> 00:53:59,820 The first team that answers five questions correctly 1220 00:53:59,822 --> 00:54:01,655 wins the competition. 1221 00:54:01,657 --> 00:54:02,699 Cool. 1222 00:54:02,701 --> 00:54:03,700 Ready. 1223 00:54:03,702 --> 00:54:06,034 Now, we will start with Nick and Sammy 1224 00:54:06,036 --> 00:54:07,494 for the first question, 1225 00:54:07,496 --> 00:54:09,496 then we will go to Rumble and Tumble. 1226 00:54:09,498 --> 00:54:10,331 Are we ready? 1227 00:54:10,333 --> 00:54:11,331 Ready. 1228 00:54:11,333 --> 00:54:13,126 First question. 1229 00:54:13,128 --> 00:54:16,753 What is two ways that penguins keep warm 1230 00:54:16,755 --> 00:54:19,965 in such cold temperatures in Antarctica. 1231 00:54:19,967 --> 00:54:21,342 Oh, I know. 1232 00:54:21,344 --> 00:54:24,177 Penguins, as well as many sea animals, 1233 00:54:24,179 --> 00:54:27,139 have layers of fat called blubber 1234 00:54:27,141 --> 00:54:30,434 that insulates heat and keeps them warm. 1235 00:54:30,436 --> 00:54:33,521 Also, their feathers have a special kind of oil 1236 00:54:33,523 --> 00:54:35,356 that keeps them dry by not allowing 1237 00:54:35,358 --> 00:54:38,525 any water to slip in between the feathers. 1238 00:54:38,527 --> 00:54:39,526 Correct. 1239 00:54:39,528 --> 00:54:41,112 Wonderful answers. 1240 00:54:41,114 --> 00:54:42,487 Alright, Rumble and Tumble. 1241 00:54:42,489 --> 00:54:44,907 Your question is this. 1242 00:54:44,909 --> 00:54:48,869 Which different types of penguins live in Antarctica 1243 00:54:48,871 --> 00:54:51,998 and the sub-Antarctic islands? 1244 00:54:52,000 --> 00:54:55,126 There's the emperor penguins, Adelie penguins, 1245 00:54:55,128 --> 00:54:58,338 chinstrap penguins, gentoo penguins, and... 1246 00:54:58,340 --> 00:55:01,548 The macaroni penguins, king penguins, 1247 00:55:01,550 --> 00:55:03,342 and rock hopper penguins. 1248 00:55:03,344 --> 00:55:04,510 Correct. 1249 00:55:04,512 --> 00:55:06,554 That was perfect. 1250 00:55:08,349 --> 00:55:09,932 We're the best. 1251 00:55:09,934 --> 00:55:13,226 Sammy, Rumble and Tumble are easily catching up with us. 1252 00:55:13,228 --> 00:55:15,563 It's okay, we've got this. 1253 00:55:15,565 --> 00:55:18,231 Next question, Nick and Sammy. 1254 00:55:18,233 --> 00:55:21,818 What are some of the predators to the Adelie penguins? 1255 00:55:21,820 --> 00:55:23,905 Leopard seals and killers whales are their 1256 00:55:23,907 --> 00:55:27,367 predators in the sea, and giant petrels and skuas 1257 00:55:27,369 --> 00:55:29,577 are their predators on land. 1258 00:55:29,579 --> 00:55:30,577 Correct. 1259 00:55:30,579 --> 00:55:33,206 Wow, one more point for you, Nick and Sammy. 1260 00:55:33,208 --> 00:55:34,999 It's two to one. 1261 00:55:35,001 --> 00:55:38,920 Now, Rumble and Tumble, here is your chance to catch up. 1262 00:55:38,922 --> 00:55:43,340 What are some things that penguins like to eat? 1263 00:55:43,342 --> 00:55:44,760 Seafood. 1264 00:55:47,806 --> 00:55:49,930 Yes, but what kind? 1265 00:55:49,932 --> 00:55:50,847 Oh. 1266 00:55:50,849 --> 00:55:52,057 I got this. 1267 00:55:52,059 --> 00:55:54,394 Penguin's main diet is fish, 1268 00:55:54,396 --> 00:55:57,938 but they also eat squid and small shrimp-like 1269 00:55:57,940 --> 00:56:00,148 animals called krills. 1270 00:56:00,150 --> 00:56:01,400 Correct. 1271 00:56:01,402 --> 00:56:03,403 Nice one, Rumble and Tumble. 1272 00:56:03,405 --> 00:56:05,195 Yes. 1273 00:56:05,197 --> 00:56:08,950 Nick and Sammy, it's your turn again. 1274 00:56:08,952 --> 00:56:12,412 What is another name for killer whales? 1275 00:56:12,414 --> 00:56:15,539 Killer whales are also called orcas. 1276 00:56:15,541 --> 00:56:16,874 You're right. 1277 00:56:16,876 --> 00:56:19,584 Another point for Nick and Sammy. 1278 00:56:19,586 --> 00:56:21,253 Woohoo. 1279 00:56:21,255 --> 00:56:23,005 Rumble and Tumble. 1280 00:56:23,007 --> 00:56:26,800 How many penguins are in a penguin colony? 1281 00:56:26,802 --> 00:56:29,302 It depends on what they're doing at the time. 1282 00:56:29,304 --> 00:56:33,599 It can range from just thousands to tens of thousands. 1283 00:56:33,601 --> 00:56:35,226 Nice one, Tumble. 1284 00:56:35,228 --> 00:56:38,479 Yes, a job very well done, Tumble. 1285 00:56:38,481 --> 00:56:40,523 Another point for your team. 1286 00:56:40,525 --> 00:56:44,485 Next, besides from waddling and swimming, 1287 00:56:44,487 --> 00:56:47,697 penguins can slide on their stomachs. 1288 00:56:47,699 --> 00:56:49,907 What is this movement called? 1289 00:56:49,909 --> 00:56:51,492 Oh no. 1290 00:56:51,494 --> 00:56:53,661 We don't know this one. 1291 00:56:53,663 --> 00:56:55,787 If you do not answer this one correctly, 1292 00:56:55,789 --> 00:56:59,124 the question goes to Rumble and Tumble. 1293 00:56:59,126 --> 00:57:00,834 If they get the question correct, 1294 00:57:00,836 --> 00:57:02,836 then they get the point. 1295 00:57:02,838 --> 00:57:04,338 Oh man. 1296 00:57:04,340 --> 00:57:05,590 Time's up. 1297 00:57:05,592 --> 00:57:08,300 Rumble and Tumble, your team now has the chance 1298 00:57:08,302 --> 00:57:10,260 to answer the question. 1299 00:57:10,262 --> 00:57:13,472 If you get it correct, you will get one point. 1300 00:57:13,474 --> 00:57:15,641 What do you call the movement where 1301 00:57:15,643 --> 00:57:19,354 penguins slide on their stomachs to move around? 1302 00:57:19,356 --> 00:57:21,688 It's called tobogganing. 1303 00:57:21,690 --> 00:57:24,150 Yeah, tobogganing. 1304 00:57:24,152 --> 00:57:25,525 You're both correct. 1305 00:57:25,527 --> 00:57:29,863 Now the next question goes to Rumble and Tumble again. 1306 00:57:31,242 --> 00:57:32,700 We're doing great, Tumble. 1307 00:57:32,702 --> 00:57:36,037 We're gonna beat those two in no time. 1308 00:57:36,039 --> 00:57:38,246 Just watch. 1309 00:57:38,248 --> 00:57:40,624 Oh no, they're one ahead of us. 1310 00:57:40,626 --> 00:57:42,043 It's okay, Nick. 1311 00:57:42,045 --> 00:57:43,878 We'll get them back. 1312 00:57:43,880 --> 00:57:45,713 Now, Rumble and Tumble. 1313 00:57:45,715 --> 00:57:48,715 What are other species of animals 1314 00:57:48,717 --> 00:57:51,260 that live in Antarctica? 1315 00:57:51,262 --> 00:57:54,347 Name at least two other than the penguins. 1316 00:57:54,349 --> 00:57:56,599 There's the seal. 1317 00:57:56,601 --> 00:57:57,557 And the... 1318 00:57:57,559 --> 00:57:59,184 And the... 1319 00:57:59,186 --> 00:58:00,436 Penguins. 1320 00:58:00,438 --> 00:58:03,106 He said animals other than penguins, dummy. 1321 00:58:03,108 --> 00:58:05,273 Oh, yeah, sorry. 1322 00:58:05,275 --> 00:58:06,733 Think, Tumble, think. 1323 00:58:06,735 --> 00:58:08,945 We can't let them win. 1324 00:58:08,947 --> 00:58:10,362 Oh, shucks. 1325 00:58:10,364 --> 00:58:11,988 Oh no. 1326 00:58:11,990 --> 00:58:13,865 Alright, time's up. 1327 00:58:13,867 --> 00:58:16,284 The question goes to Nick and Sammy. 1328 00:58:16,286 --> 00:58:20,539 Name at least two other animals that live in Antarctica. 1329 00:58:20,541 --> 00:58:24,126 Name two of them that aren't the penguins. 1330 00:58:24,128 --> 00:58:25,961 There are six species of seals, 1331 00:58:25,963 --> 00:58:28,548 different types of birds like the snow petrel, 1332 00:58:28,550 --> 00:58:31,342 the wandering albatross, the blue eyed shag, 1333 00:58:31,344 --> 00:58:34,720 and the Antarctic skua and cape pigeons. 1334 00:58:34,722 --> 00:58:36,514 Great job. 1335 00:58:36,516 --> 00:58:40,392 Now, both teams are tied at four points each. 1336 00:58:40,394 --> 00:58:42,686 So the next question will be for both of you. 1337 00:58:42,688 --> 00:58:45,398 Whoever answers first and answers correctly 1338 00:58:45,400 --> 00:58:47,566 will win the competition. 1339 00:58:47,568 --> 00:58:49,776 Are you all ready for the last question? 1340 00:58:49,778 --> 00:58:53,947 What is a penguin's swimming style called? 1341 00:58:53,949 --> 00:58:55,615 I know. 1342 00:58:55,617 --> 00:58:56,909 Me, me. 1343 00:58:56,911 --> 00:58:58,161 I got it. 1344 00:58:58,163 --> 00:58:59,369 I know this one. 1345 00:58:59,371 --> 00:59:00,537 Oh, whoa there. 1346 00:59:00,539 --> 00:59:03,374 Alright, Rumble called it first, so Rumble, 1347 00:59:03,376 --> 00:59:04,791 what's the answer? 1348 00:59:04,793 --> 00:59:06,795 It's called the penguin. 1349 00:59:08,130 --> 00:59:10,548 Oh no, I'm sorry. 1350 00:59:10,550 --> 00:59:11,965 That's incorrect. 1351 00:59:11,967 --> 00:59:13,800 Sammy, you called it second. 1352 00:59:13,802 --> 00:59:15,635 Do you have an answer? 1353 00:59:15,637 --> 00:59:17,804 Oh no. 1354 00:59:17,806 --> 00:59:19,639 Oh geez. 1355 00:59:19,641 --> 00:59:21,476 Wait, we know, we know. 1356 00:59:21,478 --> 00:59:23,603 Our friend Mimi told us. 1357 00:59:23,605 --> 00:59:25,063 Yeah, tell 'em, Sammy. 1358 00:59:25,065 --> 00:59:30,233 A penguin's swimming style is called the porpoise. 1359 00:59:30,235 --> 00:59:32,235 Correct, and for additional points, 1360 00:59:32,237 --> 00:59:35,155 can you tell me what the porpoise looks like? 1361 00:59:35,157 --> 00:59:37,657 Yes, the porpoise is when the penguins 1362 00:59:37,659 --> 00:59:40,827 jump in and out of the water in short arcs. 1363 00:59:40,829 --> 00:59:44,374 Absolutely right, Nick and Sammy. 1364 00:59:44,376 --> 00:59:46,793 You've won the competition. 1365 00:59:46,795 --> 00:59:48,753 Congratulations. 1366 00:59:48,755 --> 00:59:50,630 Yay. 1367 00:59:50,632 --> 00:59:51,465 Yippee. 1368 00:59:52,467 --> 00:59:53,965 And as for Rumble and Tumble, 1369 00:59:53,967 --> 00:59:56,594 you guys did exceptionally well. 1370 00:59:56,596 --> 00:59:59,639 And I must congratulate you two as well. 1371 00:59:59,641 --> 01:00:02,391 I'm very proud of all of you. 1372 01:00:02,393 --> 01:00:05,686 Oh man, we've been beaten again. 1373 01:00:05,688 --> 01:00:08,273 We'll definitely get them next time. 1374 01:00:16,824 --> 01:00:19,742 Are you ready, Sammy the Space Explorer? 1375 01:00:19,744 --> 01:00:23,662 Ready as I'll ever be, Nick the Space Explorer. 1376 01:00:23,664 --> 01:00:24,746 Are you ready? 1377 01:00:24,748 --> 01:00:26,749 Ready as always. 1378 01:00:27,751 --> 01:00:28,583 What about you, Skya? 1379 01:00:28,585 --> 01:00:29,876 Ready, guys. 1380 01:00:29,878 --> 01:00:32,671 Yay, we're on our way. 1381 01:00:32,673 --> 01:00:36,633 Woo hoo. 1382 01:00:36,635 --> 01:00:38,471 Next stop, Australia. 1383 01:00:38,473 --> 01:00:40,722 Subtitles by explosiveskull 1384 01:00:40,724 --> 01:00:43,849 ♪ Play me the music, give me a beat ♪ 1385 01:00:43,851 --> 01:00:48,897 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 1386 01:00:52,443 --> 01:00:55,737 ♪ I don't wanna be some kind of toy ♪ 1387 01:00:55,739 --> 01:00:58,363 ♪ I'm not a killjoy ♪ 1388 01:00:58,365 --> 01:01:01,867 ♪ Just have a little faith in me ♪ 1389 01:01:01,869 --> 01:01:05,662 ♪ I'll make you see ♪ 1390 01:01:05,664 --> 01:01:08,541 ♪ I see a little skeptic in your eyes ♪ 1391 01:01:08,543 --> 01:01:11,878 ♪ And you don't even care to compromise ♪ 1392 01:01:11,880 --> 01:01:15,715 ♪ But let me show you what I mean ♪ 1393 01:01:15,717 --> 01:01:16,840 ♪ Show you what I mean ♪ 1394 01:01:16,842 --> 01:01:20,345 ♪ Play me the music, give me a beat ♪ 1395 01:01:20,347 --> 01:01:24,932 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 1396 01:01:24,934 --> 01:01:28,769 ♪ Let me see your smiling faces ♪ 1397 01:01:28,771 --> 01:01:31,271 ♪ In all of them places ♪ 1398 01:01:31,273 --> 01:01:35,068 ♪ If you wanna feel the way I do ♪ 1399 01:01:35,070 --> 01:01:38,362 ♪ Be true, play me the music ♪ 1400 01:01:38,364 --> 01:01:43,492 ♪ And I will do it all for you ♪ 1401 01:01:43,494 --> 01:01:47,789 ♪ Let's make a run for it tonight ♪ 1402 01:01:47,791 --> 01:01:50,374 ♪ Hold on tight ♪ 1403 01:01:50,376 --> 01:01:53,920 ♪ 'Cause it might be a bumpy ride ♪ 1404 01:01:53,922 --> 01:01:56,798 ♪ Side by side ♪ 1405 01:01:56,800 --> 01:02:00,092 ♪ We can always make believe ♪ 1406 01:02:00,094 --> 01:02:03,429 ♪ A fairy tale will not deceive ♪ 1407 01:02:03,431 --> 01:02:06,932 ♪ So let me show you want I mean ♪ 1408 01:02:06,934 --> 01:02:08,351 ♪ Show you what I mean ♪ 1409 01:02:08,353 --> 01:02:11,561 ♪ Play me the music, give me a beat ♪ 1410 01:02:11,563 --> 01:02:16,358 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 1411 01:02:16,360 --> 01:02:20,028 ♪ Let me see your smiling faces ♪ 1412 01:02:20,030 --> 01:02:22,949 ♪ In all of them places ♪ 1413 01:02:22,951 --> 01:02:26,369 ♪ If you wanna feel the way I do ♪ 1414 01:02:26,371 --> 01:02:29,871 ♪ Be true, play me the music ♪ 1415 01:02:29,873 --> 01:02:36,336 ♪ And I will do it all for you ♪ 1416 01:02:36,338 --> 01:02:40,800 ♪ Once you try to understand ♪ 1417 01:02:40,802 --> 01:02:43,010 ♪ The spell is broken ♪ 1418 01:02:43,012 --> 01:02:46,972 ♪ Once you open up your hand ♪ 1419 01:02:46,974 --> 01:02:51,770 ♪ Magic has spoken, only partners in crime ♪ 1420 01:02:52,981 --> 01:02:58,150 ♪ We'll make water into wine ♪ 1421 01:02:58,152 --> 01:03:01,070 ♪ Play me the music, give me a beat ♪ 1422 01:03:01,072 --> 01:03:05,825 ♪ I wanna see you people dancing in the streets ♪ 1423 01:03:05,827 --> 01:03:09,579 ♪ Let me see your smiling faces ♪ 1424 01:03:09,581 --> 01:03:12,248 ♪ In all of them places ♪ 1425 01:03:12,250 --> 01:03:17,297 ♪ If you wanna feel the way I do, be true ♪ 1426 01:03:17,588 --> 01:03:22,634 ♪ Play me the music, and I will do it all for you ♪ 1427 01:03:24,846 --> 01:03:36,063 ♪ Play me the music, and I will do it all for you ♪ 102204

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