All language subtitles for Mourir.a.Madrid.AKA.To.Die.in.Madrid.1963.DVDRip.x264-HANDJOB

TO DIE IN MADRID

Spain, 1931.

503,061 km2, almost
as big as France.

24 million people.

This year, 1931,
half the population,

12 million, is illiterate.

There are 8 million poor,

2 million landless farmers.

20 thousand people own
half of Spain.

Whole provinces are
owned by one man.

Average wage of a worker:
1 to 3 pesetas per day.

A kilo of bread costs 1 peseta.

20000 monks, 31000 priests,

60000 nuns and 5000 convents.

15000 officers, among
which 800 generals.

1 officer for every 6 men
1 general for 100 soldiers.

King Alfonso XIII,

the fourteenth sovereign
since Isabella the Catholic.

In April 2, 1931,

the monarchists' candidates
lose municipal elections.

King Alfonso XIII abdicates.

It is the Republic,

Republic by surprise.

The people discover that
they exist

They have the right to speak,
the right to discourse.

But the peasants are still
landless,

the workers are still without work.

Everybody goes at the same
time to direct action.

Monarchists
against the Republic,

Catalans for autonomy,

anarchists against the state,

peasants
against the civil guard.

The left is organizing.

The right hardens.

Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera
founds the Falange.

October 1934.

It is the uprising of Asturias.

Miners resist 15 days
in Oviedo and Gijon.

The repression is fast.

1500 dead, 3000 injured,
50000 workers imprisoned.

A General is distinguished.

Alcala Zamora, President,

calls him
"saviour of the nation".

He is called Francisco Franco.

1936 general elections.

Two fronts: the Popular Front
and the National Front.

The Popular Front wins
with 4 million votes,

against 3.5 million
on the right

and gets the absolute majority
in the Spanish Parliament

the Cortes.

For the first time in Spain, the Popular
Front gains access to power.

The peasants appropriate
unexploited land.

The miners in Asturias
are released.

All wages are increased by 15%.

200 churches destroyed,
300 political assassinations,

130 spontaneous strikes,

10 newspapers sacked.

The generals protesting,
were exiled.

Franco to the Canary Islands,

Godet to the Balearides.

The holy figure of
Spain is in danger.

On behalf of the eternal Spain,
Carlists, monarchists,

the Falange, united behind
the banner of the church

prepare the rebellion.

From Africa to the Burgos
army barracks

the order of the plot circulates

with the phrase:
"Arriba, Espana".

In June 16, 1936, at the Cortes,
the leader of the right,

Calvo Sotelo,
threatens the government.

"Against this sterile state,
I propose the integral state.

What many call fascist.

But if the fascist state
is the end of the strikes,

the end of the unrest,

the end of abuses
against property,

then I declare with pride
that I am a fascist.

I declare crazy all soldiers,
who faced with eternity

will not rise against anarchy
if necessary."

Three weeks later,
Calvo Sotelo was murdered.

The rebellion found its pretext
and its martyr.

Madrid, July 19, 1936.

Strike of the waiters of cafés.

Suddenly the news.

The day before,
the Moroccan military

rose against the Republic.

Francisco Franco declared
in the Radio of Tetouan:

"All of you. Who feel
the holy love for Spain.

Who vowed to defend Spain
against enemies until death.

The nation calls upon
you to defend it.

The army decided to restore
the order in Spain."

By treason, by ruse
or by conviction,

fall away Sevilla,
Algeciras, Cordoba,

Granada, Andalucia,
Navarra, Oviedo and Zaragoza.

The Basque provinces,
Malaga, Barcelona, Madrid,

victoriously resist
and disarm the model.

Franco says:
"Spain is saved."

The president of the Republic,
Manuel Azana proclaims:

"The Republic continues."

Thus begins the civil war.

It begins with the massacres.

Rich, poor, employers, workers,

officers, civil guards,
priests, nuns.

No one is immune.

7937 monks were killed.

Some were burned alive.

Both sides have
waited for too long.

Both sides are executing
without trial.

200000 dead in two weeks.

The writer Saint-Exupery reports:

"Here is a rifle as logging."

The crime took place in Granada.

The one killed had written:

"Green, green that I love.
Green wind. Green branches.

The boat on the sea
and the horse on the mountain."

He loved the secret Granada
gardens, loved the wind.

He said: "I am and always will be
on the side of those who are hungry."

He said: "If I die, leave
the window open."

He said: "No, that blood
I do not want to see."

In Granada, in his Granada,
he was arrested,

tried, convicted to death,

executed the next day:
the poet Federico Garcia Lorca.

Master of millions of men,

civil war is hope.

For the braziers
working day by half,

for junteros that
are hired with their mules,

for the rebates that are
dismissed when the vine dies,

for the peasants in Galicia,
La Mancha, Andalusia,

Extremadura, that are burdened
with taxes for centuries,

the tax to the state,
the tax to the master

the tax of blood,

for all those who have
hungered for centuries,

for all that have nothing,

civil war is hope.

For others, civil war is faith.

For those who look on
eternal Spain.

For those who look on the rule of
Carlos V and Christ the King,

for the descendants
of the conquerors,

for the mystics at
Teresa of Avila,

for Spain
of the cross and the sword

for those that always
need to crusade,

war is necessary.

Queipo de Liano launches,
on radio from Sevilla

the nationalist motto.

General Mola organizes
the Army of the North

Franco, the army of Africa.

The nationalist bourgeoisie learns
the new gesture of fashion:

the fascist salute.

And the greatest force in Spain,
the church

openly takes part
supporting the rebellion.

Franco says:

"We are Catholics.

In Spain, one is a Catholic
or one is nothing."

The head of the Catholic
Action says:

"Crusade Spain.

We have to win.

Winning as the
Spaniard has always won,

with a sword in his hand,
heroism in the heart

and a prayer on his lips."

The reverend father,
Ignacio Mendez Reigada says:

"The uprising was not
only fair, it was a duty.

The Spanish national war
was a holy war,

the most holy that
history has known."

The Archpriest of Burgos
says during the Mass:

"You. Listeners.
You. Who are called Christians.

No forgiveness for
the destroyers of the church

and the murderers
of the holy priests.

That their seed is crushed.

The bad seed,
the seed of the devil.

Because the children of Belzebul
are also enemies of God."

"It is better to die standing
than to die on your knees."

says in Madrid Dolores Ibarruri,
wife of miner,

called the "Pasionaria",
Communist deputy.

She addresses the union:

Anarchists of the CNT
and the FAI,

Catalans following Companys,

the socialist UGT
and Largo Caballero,

Basques following Aguirre,
Marxists of the POUM,

all united as the fingers
of the hand.

The closed fist becomes
the symbol of unity.

Except for the rebels,
the rebellion

is the end of civility.

Justice is delivered
by military courts.

The outcome is usually
the death penalty.

Muslim mercenaries number 40000.

The Republic has no army.

A crowd of peasants,
laborers, women and children

are willing to defend it.

They vote the following resolution:

"We want to be militiamen
of freedom,

not soldiers in uniform.

Militiamen? Yes!
Soldiers? Never!"

However, it is necessary
to have soldiers.

In Spain, everybody knows death.

The Republic must teach them
to live, teach them to overcome.

Durutti says to his anarchists:

"We must leave for
tomorrow many reforms.

First victory!"

Barely trained, barely armed,

these fighters
start up at the front.

All are determined
to defeat fascism

and die for the republic.

On the other side, they have to die
for Christ the King.

The two halves of Spain
are launched against each other.

July 22, 1936.

The first battle takes place
in the port of Somosierra,

natural defense of Madrid.

General Mola's falangists
and Madrid's popular militias

clash with fury.

Every stone, every tree
is defended with rage.

Prisoners are shot, the wounded
are killed on the spot.

The first threat to Madrid
is stopped at Somosierra.

From the other fronts:

Triumph of the Barcelona
militia in Aragon.

But the most important
things happen in the south.

Gen. Yague is heading North
and conquers Badajoz.

2000 people are shot
in 24 hours.

In the North,
Gen. Mola attacks Irun.

Objective: To block the French
border of the Basque provinces.

Immersed in the fire,
defenders died at the scene.

The population flees to France
by the international bridge.

In the French beaches,
vacationers,

Europe as a whole, observe.

From Biarritz,

the American ambassador Bowers
writes to Washington:

"The war will be long.

They raise an army
against a people."

That people whose first
refugees taste exile.

The rebels succeed in
their first strategic victory.

The entire north of the Republic
is surrounded.

They blocked the French border.

In Toledo,
capital of the ancient kings

Republican militias
are masters of the city.

Rebel Col. Moscardo
is entrenched in the Alcazar

with 1,300 soldiers,
550 women and 50 children.

The head of the militia
phones Col. Moscardo:

"If the Alcazar does not surrender,
we're going to shoot your son.

Talk to him."

"What happened, son?"

"They say they are going to shoot
if the Alcazar does not surrender."

"Entrust your soul to God,
my son.

He shouts: "Long live Spain"
and dies as a hero."

"Goodbye, father.
A big kiss."

"The Alcazar does not surrender."

He turns Alcazar into a symbol.

The Republic wants
to finish with him.

Specialists in dynamite are
brought in from Asturias.

Largo Caballero,
head of the Republican administration,

comes in person to witness
the final assault.

Franco, en route to Madrid,
gives Col. Yague the first

order to liberate Alcazar.

In Sept. 27, 1936,
the Alcazar is released

after 68 days of siege.

Franco visits in person to
congratulate the defenders.

"Defenders of Alcazar,
You are the honour of Spain."

The civil war after three months.

July 17, 1936.

The army rises
in Spanish Morocco.

On July 18, the rebellion
extends to all of Spain.

The army of Africa
arrives at Sevilla.

The stain of rebellion
extends over Spain.

The rebels attack.

From the north against Madrid.

From Seville against Andalusia.

The Republic attacks Aragon.

In Somosierra,
the first major battle.

The militiamen of Madrid
block Franco's attack.

The Republic tries to land
in Mallorca.

Irun in the north, Badajoz in the south,
are occupied by Franco.

The North is separated from France.

In Talavera,
Francists are diverted,

they attack Toledo
and free Alcazar.

In the north,
Francists occupy Oviedo.

1, October 1936, at Burgos,

Gen. Franco
becomes head of state.

All parts of the rebellion
are fused into a single party.

A single theme:
"One state, one nation, one leader."

On November 18,

Italy and Germany recognize
the government of Burgos.

Franco declares:

"This moment marks a milestone
in the history of the world."

To beat the people they
need weapons and mercenaries.

Franco finds both
in Fascist Italy.

The Italian contribution will be
70 thousand men.

Four divisions completely
equipped.

For the defense of the Republic,
weapons are required.

A lot fewer than needed arrive.

From France, Mexico,
the Soviet Union.

Marshal Goering
does things well.

Germany donates the elite of the
Luftwaffe and of the German army.

The Condor Legion.

Professional soldiers,
highly trained,

these men will be
architects of the victory.

But the best the allies
can procure for the Republic

are: lawyers,
students, workers,

they are the International Brigades.

They do not receive salary,
do not seek glory.

They come from around the world.

They are going to die in Madrid.

Madrid is the heart.

The rebel generals: Franco,
Mola, Queipo de Llano, Jara, Yague.

The Falange, the church,
they need Madrid.

The Republican government
abandons the capital.

Shouts in the streets:
"Viva Madrid without government!"

"Every man at the front!
You shall not pass!"

The whole world expects
the fall of Madrid.

Madrid is nothing more than a hand
tense over a rifle.

Gen. Mola prepares
the final assault.

4 columns converge in Madrid.

On November 7,
Gen. Mola attacks.

It's a miracle!

The Francists are blocked
in the University Campus.

The 11th and 12th
international brigades resist.

Placing bombs in elevators,

fighting between neighbors,

shooting point blank range.

Suddenly the front is immobilized.

Madrid resists.

In the rain, cold and hungry,

but behind each window,
there is one man and a rifle.

They remove the children.

Women must stay
to bring food to men.

They remove the children.

There are no more smiles in Madrid.

Franco instructs the Germans
of the Condor Legion

to bomb Madrid methodically.

For the first time in history,
the world

may live a new experience:

the demoralization of the enemy

by systematic aerial
bombardment of civilians.

One million inhabitants:
500 thousand refugees.

Basements and subways can only
contain 10000 people.

The francist radio of Salamanca
declares:

"Spain is not in the villages
nor in the cities.

It's in the ideas
and the genius of Franco.

We are at war!

Advance until we are
above our dead!"

Also for the Republic,

in the air, the adventure
is international.

From all the skies of the world

Russian pilots

and the squadron "Spain"
organized by Andre Malraux,

defy the adversary

and almost always win
individual fights.

Madrid resists.

It is necessary to try to surround it.

5 brigades of the Army of Africa and
the artillery of the Condor Legion

attack in the valley of Jarama.

Objective: to cut the route
Madrid-Valencia.

The international brigades:

Thaelman battalions,
Andre Marty,

Abraham Lincoln, Garibaldi,

Dimitrov and the British battalion
begin the counter-attack.

Valle du Jarama, Jarama Valley
Valle del Jarama.

Those who die here talk
all languages.

About 15 Km: 45000 dead,
10 days of fighting.

But the route Madrid-Valencia
remains under Republic control

Madrid is not surrounded.

Mussolini wants to succeed
where Franco failed.

He wants the glory of
defeating Madrid for himself.

On March 8, 1937 30000 Italians

supported by 20000 Moroccan
and Carlist legionaries,

preceded by 250 assault tanks

attack and demolish the
Republican front in Guadalajara.

Faced with danger, the Lister
division is put in front.

Clustered behind the tanks of
Russian Gen. Pavlov, it fights back.

Demoralized by the violence
of the counterattack,

the black shirts are fleeing.

Defeat.

Left on the ground 30 cannons,
150 guns and 1,300 trucks.

1 against 5, Republicans
achieve victory in Guadalajara.

12 Italian battalions are taken
prisoners with their commanders.

Faced with defeat in Guadalajara,
Mussolini declares:

"All Italians to return
defeated, will be shot."

For the diplomats,
Spain's war is premature.

The Rome-Berlin axis wants
Franco's victory,

but the German
and Italian armies

are not ready for World War.

France and the Soviet Union want
the victory of the Republic

but do not want war.

England and the United States,
isolationists on principle

hide behind absolute neutrality.

Leon Blum, president
of the French Council,

socialist in solidarity
with the Spanish Republic,

must sacrifice everything
for civil peace in France.

Invents the formula:

"No intervention
in the war in Spain."

Adolf Hitler adopts
non-intervention.

It serves his purpose to buy time.

Joseph Stalin is working on the
victory of the Spanish Republic,

above all making sure of
the security of his country.

Franklin Roosevelt preserves
the principles of American life.

His doctrine: neutrality.

Benito Mussolini proclaims
support for Franco.

Is ready to fight,
but not alone.

Neville Chamberlain,
The British premier

seeks agreements with
dictatorships to save peace.

To reconcile all
these contradictions,

a committee meets in London.

All member countries
officially accepted

not to intervene in the war
of Spain.

Germany sends the Condor
Legion to Franco

and accuses the Soviet Union

of sending tanks
to the Spanish Republic.

Italy sends an expeditionary
force to Franco

and accuses France of arms
trafficking with the Spanish Republic.

England and the U.S.
disapprove of everything.

And during this time

the Condor Legion
and the Italian expeditionary corps

actively contribute to
the victory of Franco.

Franco, repelled in Madrid,
attacks the South.

The militiamen of the Republic

are outnumbered by the Italian
battalions of Gen. Roata

and the nationalist troops under the
command of Col. Duke of Sevilla.

Republican defenses are broken.

Malaga is under siege.

In the seven days that follow
the fall of the city

Thousands of supporters
of the Republic:

militants, workers, women,
farmers,

are executed without trial.

Every day, at dawn or at dusk,

the sinister vehicle will
deliver its victims.

The great massacres outraged a
direct witness, Georges Bernanos.

He writes in
"A Diary of my Times":

"They are arrested every night
from lost villages

at the time when they
came in from the fields.

They set
off on their last journey

with their shirts still clinging
to their shoulders with sweat,

with their arms still
full of the day's toil,

leaving soup untouched
on the table

and a woman who arrives a minute
too late, at the garden wall, breathless,

with a little bundle of belongings
hastily twisted into a bright new napkin.

"Adios, recuerdos."

"Do not wake the children.
For what?"

"I'm going to prison, am I not, sir?"

"Of course," said the officer
who was sometimes less than 20."

Queipo de Llano said:

"Seek the enemies where they are.

And if they are dead,
shoot them again."

Nobody protests except one man

the old philosopher
Miguel de Unamuno,

author of "The Tragic
Sense of Life",

Rector of the University of
Salamanca,

master thinker of his generation

was the head of a university
in nationalist territory.

On Day of the Race, in Salamanca, in
the amphitheater of the university

the francist Gen. Milan Astray,
mutilated in the war,

injured in Catalonia
and the Basque provinces,

hears his supporters shout:
"Long Live Death!"

Unamuno rises slowly and says:

"There are circumstances in
which silence is lying.

I just heard a scream morbid
and stripped of meaning:

"Long Live Death".

This paradox is barbaric
and repugnant to me.

The Gen. Milan Astray
is an invalid.

It is not rude,
Cervantes was as well.

Unfortunately, today in Spain
there are many invalids.

I have to think that
Gen. Milan Astray

could lay the groundwork for
a psychology of the masses.

But an invalid who does not have
the spiritual greatness of a Cervantes

seeks relief in the mutilations
that he can inflict around him.

You. You win because you have
more brute force than necessary,

but you do not convince.

Because, to convince,
you should persuade.

And to persuade, it would take
what you lack:

Reason and being
righteous in your fight.

I feel it is useless
to think in Spain.

I finished.

Arrested in his home,
Miguel de Unamuno

dies with a shattered heart
some weeks later.

Blocked from Madrid,
blocked from Barcelona

far from the government of Valencia,
the Basque provinces are left alone

to defend democracy,

their right to freedom
and their language.

For centuries, the Basques
fight for autonomy.

Franco refuses.

The Republic agrees.

The Basque provinces
are Republican.

Directed by President Aguirre,

the Basque provinces
become Euskadi

and live their own war.

The Basque clergy leave the village,
they join the struggle.

It is the only clergy of Spain
that support the Republic.

For the Basque provinces,
neighboring Asturias,

the beginnings of the civil war
were quite easy.

Short battles, victoriously led

by Basque militias
and the Asturian miners,

retain the north of Spain
for the Republic.

March 22, 1937, Franco decides
to attack the Basques.

Gen. Mola launches an ultimatum:

"I decided to finish quickly
with the war in the north.

Those who lay down their arms,
get to save their life

and keep their property.

But if the submission is not immediate,
I will attack Biscay with everything."

The Condor Legion uses a new
method called "Carpet Bombing."

The results,
carefully photographed,

were reported to Berlin and
were found "very interesting"

by Marshal Goering,
head of the Luftwaffe.

In the Basque province there is
a holy town called Guernica.

In past centuries,
under the old oak of Guernica,

the kings of Spain came
once a year

to pay respect to the
freedom of the Basques.

Under the holy oak tree of Guernica,
the elders taught justice.

Sunday, April 26, 1937
was, like every Sunday,

market day in Guernica.

At 5 pm, the four
hills of the horizon of Guernica

At 5 pm...

The planes were Heinkel 111
and Junker 52.

The shelling lasted 3 hours.

The successive waves came
with precision every 20 minutes.

The bombs weighing 500 kg

1654 dead.

889 wounded.

There were 7000 people in Guernica.

The German general Galant,

commander of the German
offensive, said:

"Guernica was not a
military target

just an unfortunate mistake."

They made the war to be
a united people.

The war forced them to disperse
their children.

Those children who wanted to fight.

Those children who
were denied courage.

Those children who know
how to die like soldiers,

cry like any other child.

Most of these children
do not return to their country.

They grow up elsewhere.

In Mexico, Russia, England,
in France.

Demolished at the beginning
of the offensive,

Basque forces replenish
behind the Iron Circle:

the fortified line of Bilbao.

The Italian-German artillery
and Franco's army

broke the circle of iron.

The Basque army, beaten
by superior force

1 to 3 pounds,
a rearguard action.

Bilbao drops, but the slaughter
of the Basque people,

guilty of the crime
no rebellion,

caused a scandal
in the Catholic world.

To respond to this outrage,
and at the request of Franco,

Cardinal Goma y Toma,
Primate of Spain,

sends a collective letter
to the bishops around the world:

"Today there is no other hope
to regain peace and justice

but through the triumph
of the national movement."

On the night of Oct. 27,
16 Basque priests were executed.

278 were imprisoned, 1300
were classified as undesirable.

Their crime? To have kept the
Christ's presence in the Republic.

After the murders,
Francois Mauriac reacts:

"We say that the murders
committed by the Moors

who have the Sacred Heart
punctured on their clothes,

by German and Italian aviators

at the service of a Catholic leader
who claims to be a soldier of Christ,

we say that this is a horror
whose consequences are frightening

for the cause which we should
place above all others

and that is the kingdom
of God on Earth."

In eight weeks

the north is completely
occupied by forces of Franco.

The Italians occupy Santander.

Legionnaires and Moroccans
occupy Gijon.

In the land of Spain, the war does not
consist of a series of battles.

It is a succession of tragedies.

The tranquil village of Brunete,

becomes a point of impact
of the Republican offensive.

The goal: to loosen the screw
around Madrid

and force Franco to abandon
the northern front.

Unable to take advantage
of their initial triumph,

Republicans lose time

and let Gen. Franco Varela
retaliate.

Brunete was taken and
then recovered.

In its ruins, under the sun,
12 days of battle

40000 dead, Republic won 5km.

A month after Brunete, the
Republic resumes the attack.

Center of the attack: the small
fortified city of Belchite.

Since the start of the rebellion,

Belchite and Zaragoza resist
the Republic militia.

Belchite is fascinating.

The Republican Gen. Jauja
declares:

"It is the struggle of courage
against courage

is a battle of Spaniards
against Spaniards."

Gen. Franco Yague,
declares on his side:

"The reds are fighting with determination.

Spanish they are
and therefore courageous."

The Republic wins Belchite.

Gains time.

Loses too many men.

"War is to do the impossible
so that pieces of iron

enter the living flesh."

While fighting in the Basque Country
in Brunete and Belchite,

while fighting in Madrid

the government of the Republic
is headquartered in Valencia.

The council of ministers
convene,

a president's council
replaces another,

at the classic game
of democracies:

Giral, Largo Caballero, Negrin.

With either, it
is the same policy

or the same impotence of policy.

The power of decision
is elsewhere.

The Gen. Lleja in Madrid

President Companys,
in Barcelona,

the president Aguirre in Bilbao.

The real problems
are also multiple.

The Republic must wage war
and achieve land reform.

Must eat and feed the fighters.

Must give at the same time taste
of freedom and of culture.

Must stand at the same time,
in the name of common struggle,

and in the name of the parties
that are many and divided.

The POUM, the party of
extreme left,

wants at the same time
victory and revolution.

The anarchists of the CNT
and the FAI,

who are the majority
of the workers

want victory without discipline.

The people without the state.

Both the Socialist Party and the
Communist Party are in power.

The Socialist Party
by the number of deputies,

the Communist Party by its dynamism
and Russian weapons.

But the political conflicts
are solved with weapons in hand

and by mobilisation
in the streets.

Under these conditions which
exasperate the lack of weapons,

with these contradictions,

the government of the Republic
must win militarily

the war against the rebel
government of Burgos

led by a soldier in office.

In midwinter, pressed
by the internal difficulties,

mobilized by fear of another
Franco offensive on Madrid,

the Republicans attack Teruel.

Teruel is soon overtaken,

but the snowstorm makes
the combats slower.

With 18 below zero,
the material is immobilized,

men frozen.

Franco, surprised at first,
counterattacks with violence.

180 thousand fighters are
concentrated in the cold

under the snow in a small space.

When the weather permits,

100000 Republicans launch
the assault on Teruel.

On Jan. 8, 1938

the official communique
announces that

Teruel belongs
completely to the Republic.

After 10 days Teruel
is once again under siege.

The African army, with support
of Italian tanks, counterattacks.

In two days, the Republic
loses 15000 men.

On the ruins of burning
Teruel, Franco's flag.

The civil war takes two years.

December 15, 1937.
Teruel.

The Republic attacks the advanced
point of the francist zone.

Teruel is taken.

February 7, 1938.

Victorious counterattack
of the Franco regime.

The front is broken in Aragon.

They reach the sea
of Vinaroz on April 15.

The Republican Spain
is divided into two.

The balance finally breaks.

The republican army, exhausted,
ill-equipped,

initiates retreat on all fronts.

Franco's troops arrive at
Vinaroz in the Mediterranean

on April 15, 1938.

The Republic is divided into two.
Madrid is separate from Barcelona.

Across about two thirds of Spain,
now the New Order reigns,

the Francist order.

The three pillars of the state are:

the army, the church, the party.

The military have the right
and the duty to assess

the lack of capacity
and the moral failures of civilians.

The militants of the Falange
are heads of barracks,

heads of subcartels,
heads of blocks, heads of houses.

The goals of life
are as follows:

Battle, sacrifice,
discipline, fight, austerity.

Under the tutelage of the three polices:
the Security, the Secret Police

and the Falange Police, the new
nationalist prayer is recited.

"I believe in property
and the grandeur of Spain

which the traditional
route will secure.

I believe in forgiveness for
the repentant heart,

I believe in the resurrection
of former work corps

organized as corporations

and durable peace."

Not afraid of death

but afraid to die,
they are civilians.

Soldiers of the people, soldiers
of life and not death.

These civilians were converted
into the Army of the Republic.

The Republic launches
its last battle.

Negrin, president of
the council says to them:

"A war is only lost
if considered lost.

The defeated proclaim the winners."

100000 men, the
entire army of the north

engaged in the most audacious
operation tactics of the war in Spain.

Gen. Modest leads his troops in
the last offensive of the Republic.

The passage of the Ebro.

The Lister division penetrates
nationalist defenses

and moves to Gambeza, 40 Km
behind enemy lines.

Lister says to his officers:

"If someone loses an inch
of land,

he must retrieve it at the head
of his men or be executed."

President Negrin wants to
use the victory at Ebro

and the international crisis of Munich
to obtain peace.

He proposes to Europe and to Franco
the foundations of a compromise.

To demonstrate goodwill,
he suspends

the International Brigades,
in full battle,

and sends them back
to their countries.

The departure of the
International Brigades

is an emotional moment for Spain.

Pasionaria bids them
farewell in Barcelona:

"They speak different languages,
but we understand.

They know the danger
and face it singing.

They can leave with
their heads up high.

When the olive trees of peace again
are green, to return.

And you, women of Spain,
talk to your children.

Tell them of the
International Brigades.

Tell them how,
crossing seas and mountains

These men arrived
to our country.

They left everything to come here
and say:

"Your cause, the cause of Spain,
is ours."

Many of them, thousands of them
are here

with Spanish land
as a shroud."

Rejecting the peace offer
of Negrin,

Franco wants, and prepares
for, total victory.

He obtains from Hitler the
reinforcement of the Condor Legion.

His reserve troops,

trained by Italian and
German instructors

are sent to the front.

New weapons arriving
from Germany

assure absolute
mechanical superiority.

On December 23, 1938.

When the Pope calls

on behalf of the Holy Father
a truce for Christmas

Franco begins the attack.

600 artillery pieces
and 1000 planes open the breach.

The front breaks everywhere.

The nationalist army
sweeps Catalonia,

but Serrano Sunna, general
secretary of the Falange, is suspicious.

He says: "The enthusiastic
reception the population

made to our troops
must not delude us.

The people, whose conduct
I was able to observe personally,

are sick morally
and politically.

Barcelona will be treated

at the beginning,
as being sick."

200000 Republican soldiers are
taken prisoners in Catalonia.

They are interrogated, prosecuted.

Those presumed guilty,
are executed.

The rest, freed
after a few months,

will be the pariahs of the regime.

The end of Catalonia was the
beginning of the great exodus.

300000 fled to the border.

In some of the closed hands,
a handful of earth.

Franco's troops
close the last frontier.

The defeated will no longer
be able to choose exile.

Catalan children
learn a new greeting.

Madrid remains.

Negrin and the Communists want
to resist until death.

The senior officers of the
Republic rebel.

Franco demands unconditional
surrender. They capitulate.

At noon, March 27, 1939,

the troops of General
Franco enter Madrid.

For Franco it is the time
of triumph.

Mussolini telegraphs:

"I thank you for having given
the legionnaires

the ultimate honor of parading
in front of you in a Madrid

reconquered for a Spain
united, free and grand

that you are building.

Berlin, June 1939.

Hitler reviews
the Condor Legion.

They are the elite of the German army.

Three months later they
will be in Warsaw.

A year later in Paris.

Spain, 1939.

503,061 km2, almost
as big as France.

There are 2 million prisoners,
500 thousand exiles.

In 3 years,
1 million violent deaths.

Only 1 party: The Falange.

Only 1 leader: the Caudillo.

On December 31, 1939,
Franco proclaims:

"What we need now is
a united and conscious Spain.

It is necessary to settle
hatreds and passions

left by our last war.

But this settlement should not
be made so liberally

with monstrous and dire amnesty

which is a deception,
more than a gesture of forgiveness.

Must be Christian, thanks
to the redemption through work,

accompanied by repentance
and penance."

In the port of Somosierra,

where so many men
from Madrid died.

In the port of Somosierra,
at dawn, like every day,

a man returns to his job...

This film is dedicated

to the war correspondents
who died in Madrid

and all those: journalists,
reporters, cameramen,

who, by doing their job
in Spain,

allowed us to make this movie.