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Twelve miles off the coast of Ireland,
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00:00:21,503 --> 00:00:23,485
the world's finest
passenger liner, Lusitania,
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00:00:24,908 --> 00:00:26,258
has entered the war zone.
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00:00:28,966 --> 00:00:31,656
On board, nearly 2,000
men, women and children.
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00:00:34,934 --> 00:00:36,184
Hidden beneath the waves,
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00:00:36,344 --> 00:00:41,017
German submarine U-20
fires a single torpedo...
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00:00:41,557 --> 00:00:44,214
That will change the course of history.
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It will be branded one of
the world's first war crimes
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00:00:49,663 --> 00:00:51,940
and pull America into the fight.
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00:00:52,941 --> 00:00:54,391
Based on first hand-accounts,
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00:00:54,985 --> 00:00:56,935
this is the true story of twelve people
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whose lives now hang in the balance.
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00:01:04,628 --> 00:01:06,128
From the moment of impact,
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00:01:06,569 --> 00:01:08,791
Lusitania will survive for just 18 minutes.
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00:01:12,385 --> 00:01:14,347
18 minutes that will decide
the fate of thousands.
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00:02:05,457 --> 00:02:08,251
9:30 in the morning.
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00:02:09,459 --> 00:02:11,321
Six days before the Lusitania's sinking.
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The finest passenger liner in the world
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is preparing to embark
on the 3,000-mile voyage
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00:02:18,288 --> 00:02:20,875
from New York to Liverpool.
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There would have been sightseers
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coming to see the Lusitania off.
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00:02:31,016 --> 00:02:32,948
There would have been bands.
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There would have been flags flying.
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00:02:35,602 --> 00:02:37,258
The Lusitania was a celebrity ship.
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It was a major event.
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00:02:42,329 --> 00:02:44,129
There were politicians,
there were socialites,
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people saying goodbye
or people saying hello.
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There would have been
first-class passengers
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00:02:51,812 --> 00:02:53,724
arriving by carriage or by car,
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their luggage being
carried on board for them.
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00:02:56,468 --> 00:02:58,749
Other less well-off passengers
struggling on the quayside,
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lugging their suitcases with them.
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00:03:02,298 --> 00:03:03,779
There was always a sense of occasion,
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a sense of a party, if you like,
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00:03:06,437 --> 00:03:07,677
when the Lusitania was in town.
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00:03:12,162 --> 00:03:14,268
787 feet long,
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Lusitania is one of
the world's largest ships.
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00:03:18,440 --> 00:03:21,096
Her seven decks accommodate
over 2,000 passengers,
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00:03:22,301 --> 00:03:24,440
from 260 luxurious first-class saloons...
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00:03:27,061 --> 00:03:29,787
To the more modest cabins
down in third class.
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00:03:40,479 --> 00:03:43,273
Among the third-class passengers
sailing today
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00:03:44,550 --> 00:03:46,309
are 47-year-old George Hook
and his children.
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00:03:49,345 --> 00:03:52,068
The Hook family were originally from Kent.
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00:03:52,792 --> 00:03:55,276
George Hook and his wife
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00:03:56,448 --> 00:03:57,566
had taken their two children to Canada.
47
00:03:57,586 --> 00:04:00,070
Unfortunately, in 1908,
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his wife contracted pneumonia and died,
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00:04:02,623 --> 00:04:04,175
leaving him a widower.
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00:04:05,243 --> 00:04:06,443
Now, on the gangplank
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00:04:07,417 --> 00:04:08,259
of what they simply called "the big ship,"
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00:04:08,279 --> 00:04:10,072
young Elsie and Frank Hook
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00:04:11,418 --> 00:04:12,742
are returning home to england
with their father.
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00:04:12,762 --> 00:04:17,053
And the whole family
is just a little nervous.
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00:04:17,073 --> 00:04:20,779
Elsie was quite tall for her age.
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She was a year too old
to be classed as a child,
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00:04:22,628 --> 00:04:25,385
but George had booked her a child ticket,
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and she had to duck
as they boarded the ship
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00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:31,081
to make herself look slightly younger.
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00:04:35,631 --> 00:04:38,457
The 601 second-class passengers
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include nettie and Walter Mitchell
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from the north of Ireland.
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Childhood sweethearts,
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they had immigrated to America
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when Walter was offered
a job in a flax mill.
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00:04:52,185 --> 00:04:55,013
When he was offered this job
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in Newark, New Jersey,
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he just said to nettie,
"will you come with me?"
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And she said yes.
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00:05:01,912 --> 00:05:03,432
They got married just after Christmas,
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00:05:04,154 --> 00:05:05,362
and that was in December 1912.
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They really seem to have loved America.
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Three years later,
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nettie and Walter have decided
to return home to Ireland
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with their 10-month-old son.
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00:05:18,710 --> 00:05:21,089
They also called him
Walter Dawson Mitchell, too,
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so he's baby Walter.
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00:05:24,296 --> 00:05:26,883
And there's this one here
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that shows the baby
looking out of his basket,
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00:05:29,643 --> 00:05:32,451
and on the back it says,
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"rowing for the shore
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at 16 weeks old."
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Traveling with the Mitchells
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is nettie's brother, John,
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who immigrated to Connecticut
five years ago.
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00:05:47,372 --> 00:05:49,992
During the Mitchells' time away from home,
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the world has seen a cataclysmic change.
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00:05:57,165 --> 00:05:59,043
While America remains neutral,
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00:05:59,063 --> 00:06:00,354
Britain and Germany are at war.
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00:06:03,339 --> 00:06:05,494
Their armies are locked in stalemate
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00:06:05,514 --> 00:06:07,493
on the battlefields of the western front.
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00:06:07,513 --> 00:06:09,432
Casualties have reached
more than half a million.
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00:06:09,927 --> 00:06:13,978
At the end of 1914,
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00:06:13,998 --> 00:06:15,702
the British impose a total sea blockade,
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00:06:15,722 --> 00:06:17,442
preventing even food from reaching Germany.
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00:06:18,757 --> 00:06:20,917
This blockade was surely felt in Germany,
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00:06:22,345 --> 00:06:24,828
so the German public as well
as the German military circles
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asked for something in order
to retaliate on the British.
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00:06:29,690 --> 00:06:32,486
The German high command's response
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comes in the form
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00:06:35,452 --> 00:06:35,949
of a new, relatively untested war machine:
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The U-boat.
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00:06:39,279 --> 00:06:41,003
The German government decided
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that it would declare a war zone
around the British Isles,
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and in that war zone
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ships could be torpedoed on sight.
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As the Lusitania prepares to sail,
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the German attack submarine U-20
is headed for the war zone.
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00:07:01,664 --> 00:07:02,128
To destroy any British vessels in its path.
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At 12:28, Lusitania weighs anchor.
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00:07:24,635 --> 00:07:27,325
Settling into his saloon-class
cabin on the promenade deck
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00:07:28,498 --> 00:07:30,843
is New York theatre producer
Charles Frohman.
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00:07:35,464 --> 00:07:37,307
Charles Frohman was one of the leading
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theatrical impresarios of his day.
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00:07:40,017 --> 00:07:42,448
He was a great friend of j.M. Barrie.
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He was the first person
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to perceive that a play like "Peter Pan"
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could be a huge success.
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He bought the rights and staged it.
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Frohman is among those who read the notice
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placed in the American press
by the German embassy:
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A warning to all passengers
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that British ships entering the war zone
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00:08:01,539 --> 00:08:03,125
do so at their own risk.
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00:08:13,508 --> 00:08:16,233
But he just sort of shrugged all this off.
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00:08:17,682 --> 00:08:19,869
When one friend said, you know,
"do you fear the U-boats?"
127
00:08:19,889 --> 00:08:21,329
He said, "I'm not afraid of U-boats.
128
00:08:21,785 --> 00:08:23,352
I'm only afraid of ious."
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00:08:26,236 --> 00:08:29,250
Thousands of people
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would have been there
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00:08:30,237 --> 00:08:31,526
even on a normal crossing,
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00:08:31,546 --> 00:08:33,491
but this was not a normal crossing.
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People knew they were going
into a dangerous situation.
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00:08:35,514 --> 00:08:38,341
Many more people even than usual
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00:08:39,549 --> 00:08:40,700
had come to see the Lusitania depart,
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00:08:40,720 --> 00:08:42,514
lots of press men, lots of photographers
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rather macabrely taking
photographs of people,
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00:08:46,172 --> 00:08:48,446
saying, "look, if anything happens to you,
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00:08:49,724 --> 00:08:51,481
at least we've got
your picture, haven't we?"
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00:09:10,453 --> 00:09:13,176
Leaving pier 54 and America behind,
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00:09:14,591 --> 00:09:16,350
Lusitania embarks on her voyage...
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Carrying the hopes and dreams
of 2,000 people
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across the Atlantic...
144
00:09:33,286 --> 00:09:35,527
Into the danger zone.
145
00:09:56,463 --> 00:09:59,188
Day two of Lusitania's
202nd crossing of the Atlantic.
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00:10:02,981 --> 00:10:05,880
No one on board is aware
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00:10:06,984 --> 00:10:08,482
that this is destined to be her last.
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00:10:14,709 --> 00:10:16,348
New York theatre producer Charles Frohman
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spends most of his time
in his first-class cabin,
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00:10:19,399 --> 00:10:21,469
accompanied by piles of scripts.
151
00:10:23,712 --> 00:10:26,436
Frohman was a real workaholic.
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00:10:27,643 --> 00:10:29,562
That's probably what had
made him such a success,
153
00:10:30,575 --> 00:10:33,438
but he suffered quite badly
from rheumatism.
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00:10:34,678 --> 00:10:36,542
He walked very slowly, leaning on a stick,
155
00:10:37,852 --> 00:10:39,612
a stick which was
so closely attached to him,
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00:10:39,715 --> 00:10:42,177
he called it his wife.
157
00:10:42,197 --> 00:10:42,938
So he wasn't often seen
out and about the ship.
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00:10:47,269 --> 00:10:49,388
Frohman was pleasantly
surprised to discover
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00:10:49,854 --> 00:10:52,295
that a close personal friend is
also traveling in first class.
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00:10:53,442 --> 00:10:56,201
Two decks below, in cabin d15,
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00:10:57,029 --> 00:10:58,548
star of the silent screen,
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00:10:59,753 --> 00:11:01,353
25-year-old French actress Rita Jolivet.
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00:11:03,583 --> 00:11:06,444
She had in fact, in spite of the warning,
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00:11:07,583 --> 00:11:09,460
only bought her ticket that morning.
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00:11:09,480 --> 00:11:12,324
She had a brother who was in France
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who she believed was about to be
posted to the western front,
167
00:11:14,860 --> 00:11:17,634
and she wanted to go over
to France to see him
168
00:11:17,653 --> 00:11:18,944
before he got involved in the fighting.
169
00:11:23,896 --> 00:11:27,981
During the crossing,
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00:11:28,001 --> 00:11:28,983
the flagship passenger liner
lives up to her nickname,
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"greyhound of the seas."
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Driven by four
giant Parsons turbine engines
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00:11:35,417 --> 00:11:38,949
producing 68,000 horsepower,
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00:11:38,969 --> 00:11:40,689
Lusitania's unrivaled top speed of 25 knots
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00:11:41,868 --> 00:11:44,178
has already made her
the pride of her country.
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00:11:47,764 --> 00:11:50,489
The Lusitania
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represented Britain's maritime might
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00:11:53,077 --> 00:11:54,957
in recapturing the speed record
from the Germans
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after the Germans had had it
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00:11:58,595 --> 00:12:00,265
for ten previous years.
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00:12:00,285 --> 00:12:01,576
It made her world-famous.
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00:12:04,561 --> 00:12:06,642
Overseeing this massive floating powerhouse
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is the ship's second engineer,
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44-year-old father of three,
Andrew Cockburn.
185
00:12:13,184 --> 00:12:15,978
Being an engineer on the Lusitania
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was the pinnacle.
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00:12:18,117 --> 00:12:19,925
Everyone wanted his job,
188
00:12:19,945 --> 00:12:21,324
but you had to earn it.
189
00:12:22,807 --> 00:12:24,683
Cockburn was a senior
and very experienced engineer.
190
00:12:24,703 --> 00:12:27,617
He'd been with cunard for 22 years,
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he was obviously a very skillful man.
192
00:12:30,293 --> 00:12:31,652
His nickname apparently
was "wizard of the seas."
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He was ridiculously competent.
194
00:12:37,707 --> 00:12:39,225
Even with one boiler shut
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00:12:39,985 --> 00:12:42,308
due to war economies,
196
00:12:42,328 --> 00:12:44,048
Lusitania maintains an impressive 21 knots.
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00:12:44,191 --> 00:12:47,088
At this speed,
198
00:12:48,330 --> 00:12:49,794
she will make landfall
in just under six days...
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00:12:49,814 --> 00:12:51,694
A speed considered
fast enough to keep her safe.
200
00:12:57,539 --> 00:13:00,196
U-boats were designed
to attack slow-moving targets.
201
00:13:02,369 --> 00:13:05,196
So speed is the best defense
202
00:13:06,644 --> 00:13:09,473
against submarine attack.
203
00:13:11,440 --> 00:13:14,336
3,000 miles away,
204
00:13:15,165 --> 00:13:17,199
the German attack submarine U-20
205
00:13:18,268 --> 00:13:19,748
has begun its patrol of the war zone.
206
00:13:25,684 --> 00:13:28,409
At the periscope, eager to make a kill,
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captain Walter Schwieger.
208
00:13:32,410 --> 00:13:35,203
Schwieger joined the imperial German Navy
209
00:13:35,825 --> 00:13:39,633
in 1903,
210
00:13:39,653 --> 00:13:41,944
so by the start of the first world war,
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00:13:41,964 --> 00:13:43,979
he was an experienced
and well-respected officer.
212
00:13:48,207 --> 00:13:50,006
Deep in the German military archives
213
00:13:50,793 --> 00:13:52,513
lies a remarkable
hundred-year-old document,
214
00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:54,692
written aboard the U-20.
215
00:13:56,968 --> 00:13:59,692
This document contains
all operational information,
216
00:14:01,208 --> 00:14:04,038
with times and positions.
217
00:14:06,660 --> 00:14:08,260
It gives even the ideas and the thoughts
218
00:14:11,073 --> 00:14:13,233
of the commanding officer
towards an individual action.
219
00:14:13,971 --> 00:14:16,697
Ok, this is what we are looking for.
220
00:14:18,317 --> 00:14:21,007
In German it is called "kriegstagebuch."
221
00:14:22,214 --> 00:14:25,111
This war diary
222
00:14:26,180 --> 00:14:27,059
will outline in extraordinary detail
223
00:14:27,079 --> 00:14:30,094
Schwieger's personal account
224
00:14:30,114 --> 00:14:31,922
of the course of events
over the next five days.
225
00:14:31,942 --> 00:14:35,920
He probably had no idea
226
00:14:35,940 --> 00:14:37,820
about the historical
significance of his report.
227
00:14:41,839 --> 00:14:44,600
Five days from now,
228
00:14:45,668 --> 00:14:47,268
U-20 will change the outcome of the war.
229
00:14:58,430 --> 00:15:01,259
On Lusitania's bridge,
230
00:15:02,432 --> 00:15:04,653
U-boats are the last thing on the mind
231
00:15:04,673 --> 00:15:07,343
of second officer Percy Hefford.
232
00:15:07,363 --> 00:15:09,604
For him, the chance to serve
on a ship as grand as this
233
00:15:10,811 --> 00:15:12,640
is the realization of a long-held dream.
234
00:15:13,779 --> 00:15:16,504
He was hard-working, reliable.
235
00:15:17,606 --> 00:15:19,123
He was sober as well, which is noted,
236
00:15:20,297 --> 00:15:22,346
so I suspect that not everybody else was.
237
00:15:22,366 --> 00:15:23,952
He'd just got married.
238
00:15:25,092 --> 00:15:26,969
He'd been married for three months.
239
00:15:26,989 --> 00:15:28,072
And way back in 1907,
he had seen the Lusitania
240
00:15:28,092 --> 00:15:30,796
just after her launch
241
00:15:30,816 --> 00:15:32,624
when she was being fitted out in Glasgow,
242
00:15:32,644 --> 00:15:34,565
and he turned to the friend
next to him and said,
243
00:15:35,577 --> 00:15:37,896
"I'd give my soul to serve in
a big modern ship like that."
244
00:15:45,096 --> 00:15:49,214
In the third-class dining hall,
245
00:15:49,234 --> 00:15:50,732
the Hook family enjoy
a hearty lunch of roast beef
246
00:15:50,752 --> 00:15:52,552
with mashed potatoes,
plum pudding, and sauce,
247
00:15:53,476 --> 00:15:55,547
all served on white China plates.
248
00:16:00,203 --> 00:16:01,804
Third-class accommodation on the Lusitania
249
00:16:01,824 --> 00:16:03,942
was better than what you would have found
250
00:16:03,962 --> 00:16:05,286
on a lot of transatlantic liners.
251
00:16:05,306 --> 00:16:07,027
Even things like the bedding in third class
252
00:16:08,274 --> 00:16:10,234
was of a higher standard
than you'd see elsewhere.
253
00:16:14,827 --> 00:16:17,275
The next three days of Lusitania's voyage
254
00:16:18,035 --> 00:16:19,670
pass without incident.
255
00:16:28,312 --> 00:16:31,037
Inside the U-20 submarine
it's a very different story,
256
00:16:32,485 --> 00:16:35,143
as captain Schwieger begins
to carry out his mission.
257
00:16:39,524 --> 00:16:40,504
The first ship he encountered
258
00:16:40,524 --> 00:16:42,123
was a very small sailing ship
259
00:16:42,143 --> 00:16:44,711
which he sank on the 5th of may.
260
00:16:44,731 --> 00:16:47,041
On the next day, early in the morning,
261
00:16:48,455 --> 00:16:50,536
he found another ship,
a small British merchant ship,
262
00:16:52,284 --> 00:16:55,147
and he was able to sink it.
263
00:16:56,665 --> 00:16:58,823
The next vessel was a British
merchant ship, centurion,
264
00:16:59,665 --> 00:17:02,460
late on the 6th of may.
265
00:17:03,631 --> 00:17:05,151
He sank this ship also with torpedoes.
266
00:17:06,321 --> 00:17:09,289
Three ships sunk.
267
00:17:09,977 --> 00:17:12,268
That was average.
268
00:17:12,288 --> 00:17:13,098
But of course he was,
like any other commander,
269
00:17:13,118 --> 00:17:15,047
eager to achieve more.
270
00:17:16,393 --> 00:17:18,959
But Schwieger's patrol is almost at an end.
271
00:17:18,979 --> 00:17:21,179
The U-20 is low on fuel,
with just three torpedoes left.
272
00:17:29,050 --> 00:17:32,757
On the evening of may 6th,
off the coast of Ireland,
273
00:17:32,777 --> 00:17:35,295
Lusitania enters the war zone,
274
00:17:35,777 --> 00:17:38,157
alone.
275
00:17:39,640 --> 00:17:42,516
There was some
concern amongst the passengers
276
00:17:42,537 --> 00:17:45,933
as to why there was no escort.
277
00:17:45,953 --> 00:17:47,391
Any ship that's going to be released
278
00:17:48,607 --> 00:17:49,965
for that kind of duty
is going to slow her down
279
00:17:49,986 --> 00:17:51,306
if she has to keep speed with it.
280
00:17:52,610 --> 00:17:54,692
So actually the best thing
for her was to just go in alone.
281
00:17:58,610 --> 00:18:00,679
Sailing at full speed,
282
00:18:02,058 --> 00:18:02,833
Lusitania would be in
Liverpool within the day.
283
00:18:06,680 --> 00:18:08,351
Unfortunately, the morning brings with it
284
00:18:08,371 --> 00:18:10,061
a thick blanket of fog,
285
00:18:10,959 --> 00:18:12,041
making full speed impossible.
286
00:18:15,716 --> 00:18:18,407
Captain Turner had been
obliged to slow his ship,
287
00:18:19,408 --> 00:18:22,373
to sound the foghorn,
288
00:18:23,581 --> 00:18:25,837
and because of the fog,
it left Turner uncertain
289
00:18:25,857 --> 00:18:28,064
of his precise position
off the Irish coast.
290
00:18:29,548 --> 00:18:31,789
Turner was looking
for a land fix on his position
291
00:18:32,652 --> 00:18:35,479
to fix it exactly,
292
00:18:36,309 --> 00:18:37,588
making sure exactly where he is.
293
00:18:39,859 --> 00:18:41,420
What we're looking towards here
294
00:18:43,516 --> 00:18:46,152
is the old head of kinsale,
295
00:18:46,172 --> 00:18:47,498
which passengers on board the Lusitania
296
00:18:47,518 --> 00:18:49,104
on the morning of 7th of may
297
00:18:50,138 --> 00:18:51,499
would have seen as the fog lifted.
298
00:18:51,519 --> 00:18:53,382
They would have been able to see
299
00:18:54,589 --> 00:18:56,121
that green smudge of land on the horizon
300
00:18:56,141 --> 00:18:57,846
that was the old head of kinsale.
301
00:18:57,866 --> 00:18:59,328
They knew they were very close
302
00:18:59,348 --> 00:19:00,846
to the coast of southern Ireland.
303
00:19:00,866 --> 00:19:02,984
That made many of them feel a lot safer.
304
00:19:03,004 --> 00:19:05,694
Nettie always said how happy they were.
305
00:19:07,040 --> 00:19:08,959
That morning they saw Ireland
for the first time,
306
00:19:10,005 --> 00:19:12,695
and it must have been so exciting
307
00:19:13,558 --> 00:19:15,747
'cause they were heading home.
308
00:19:15,767 --> 00:19:16,918
They were going to see all the parents
309
00:19:16,938 --> 00:19:18,884
and their brothers and sisters,
310
00:19:18,904 --> 00:19:19,368
and they were going to
show off their grandson
311
00:19:19,388 --> 00:19:21,056
for the first time.
312
00:19:23,768 --> 00:19:25,388
One o'clock in the afternoon.
313
00:19:26,734 --> 00:19:28,576
The U-20 surfaces before
beginning its journey home.
314
00:19:31,976 --> 00:19:34,286
In the distance,
315
00:19:35,494 --> 00:19:36,509
captain Schwieger thinks
he can just make out
316
00:19:36,529 --> 00:19:38,288
the four stacks of a steamship.
317
00:19:41,151 --> 00:19:45,129
And here he states
318
00:19:45,149 --> 00:19:46,580
that the ship is identified
as a large passenger liner.
319
00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:49,188
And this electrified the crew instantly.
320
00:19:50,671 --> 00:19:53,189
It's exactly the prize
Schwieger has been waiting for.
321
00:19:55,429 --> 00:19:58,327
Around the same time,
322
00:19:59,431 --> 00:20:00,239
captain Turner receives a telegram
323
00:20:00,259 --> 00:20:02,619
from the British admiralty,
324
00:20:02,639 --> 00:20:04,639
warning of a U-boat
somewhere in the Irish Channel.
325
00:20:04,845 --> 00:20:07,606
When you consider
326
00:20:08,673 --> 00:20:09,518
there had been heavy fog that morning
327
00:20:09,538 --> 00:20:12,414
and that for some of the day
328
00:20:12,434 --> 00:20:13,621
he hadn't actually been sure
where the Lusitania was himself
329
00:20:13,641 --> 00:20:15,721
and had had to alter course
to try and get a bearing,
330
00:20:15,883 --> 00:20:17,676
quite how this was going to be effective
331
00:20:18,401 --> 00:20:20,089
I can't really see.
332
00:20:21,126 --> 00:20:22,406
To minimize the danger,
333
00:20:23,506 --> 00:20:25,106
Turner orders the ship to increase speed
334
00:20:25,437 --> 00:20:26,796
and resume course for Liverpool...
335
00:20:27,678 --> 00:20:29,403
A decision that will prove fatal.
336
00:20:30,782 --> 00:20:32,784
The passenger liner was turning its course
337
00:20:34,509 --> 00:20:37,301
to run along the Irish coast,
338
00:20:38,163 --> 00:20:39,680
which brought the passenger ship
339
00:20:40,786 --> 00:20:43,076
into an ideal position for attack.
340
00:20:43,096 --> 00:20:44,683
He simply had to wait in his position
341
00:20:45,407 --> 00:20:47,511
to fire the torpedo.
342
00:20:59,342 --> 00:21:02,205
At two o'clock,
343
00:21:03,721 --> 00:21:05,461
the hooks have a rendezvous on
the third-class promenade deck.
344
00:21:05,480 --> 00:21:08,309
They were standing there
345
00:21:09,344 --> 00:21:10,220
waiting for a young man to come by
346
00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,187
and give Elsie Hook a rose
347
00:21:12,207 --> 00:21:13,843
that he had promised her earlier that day.
348
00:21:13,862 --> 00:21:15,543
While Elsie was waiting for the young man,
349
00:21:16,656 --> 00:21:18,429
a lady asked her if she would
mail a letter for her.
350
00:21:18,449 --> 00:21:21,015
Well, not wanting to miss the man
351
00:21:21,035 --> 00:21:22,429
who was going to give her the rose,
352
00:21:22,449 --> 00:21:24,775
Elsie took the letter
353
00:21:24,795 --> 00:21:25,777
and started running toward the mailbox.
354
00:21:25,797 --> 00:21:28,417
Schwieger observed the target
355
00:21:29,486 --> 00:21:31,362
constantly through the periscope.
356
00:21:31,382 --> 00:21:32,862
He was preparing his boat for attack.
357
00:21:33,349 --> 00:21:35,039
The torpedo was made ready.
358
00:21:36,556 --> 00:21:38,800
The rest of the crew on board
was waiting for his orders.
359
00:21:43,938 --> 00:21:46,696
It was such a beautiful afternoon.
360
00:21:47,871 --> 00:21:49,550
Charles Frohman was strolling out on deck,
361
00:21:50,387 --> 00:21:52,748
and he was smoking his cigar.
362
00:21:52,768 --> 00:21:55,112
750 yards away,
363
00:21:56,389 --> 00:21:58,230
Schwieger is about
to attempt the impossible.
364
00:21:58,250 --> 00:22:02,025
And it is recorded in here,
365
00:22:02,045 --> 00:22:03,565
"target estimated to run at 22 knots."
366
00:22:04,598 --> 00:22:06,701
No other target before had been hit
367
00:22:07,806 --> 00:22:10,427
that was running at a speed like this.
368
00:22:17,567 --> 00:22:20,325
It needed just one single order
to fire the torpedo.
369
00:22:28,051 --> 00:22:31,136
"Torpedo los!"
370
00:22:34,846 --> 00:22:36,310
Traveling at 40 miles an hour,
371
00:22:36,330 --> 00:22:37,759
the torpedo will strike its target
372
00:22:37,779 --> 00:22:39,241
in less than a minute.
373
00:22:50,125 --> 00:22:52,816
Nine minutes past two.
374
00:22:54,126 --> 00:22:57,246
The torpedo fired by the U-20
375
00:22:57,266 --> 00:22:59,232
closes in.
376
00:23:00,508 --> 00:23:02,040
Lusitaniais just seconds from disaster.
377
00:23:09,130 --> 00:23:13,076
On the bridge,
378
00:23:13,096 --> 00:23:14,558
Percy Hefford receives an urgent
call from the lookout.
379
00:23:14,578 --> 00:23:17,271
Hefford was the senior officer
380
00:23:18,374 --> 00:23:20,078
on the bridge of Lusitania
381
00:23:20,098 --> 00:23:21,872
when the lookouts reported
382
00:23:21,892 --> 00:23:23,250
there was a torpedo coming.
383
00:23:23,270 --> 00:23:24,837
He repeated what he heard...
384
00:23:24,857 --> 00:23:26,424
There is a torpedo coming.
385
00:23:26,444 --> 00:23:28,169
By the time he rushed
to the starboard side,
386
00:23:29,066 --> 00:23:30,619
he didn't have time to see it.
387
00:23:32,137 --> 00:23:34,575
He would have felt the impact
before he'd seen anything amiss.
388
00:23:53,658 --> 00:23:55,140
At ten minutes past two,
389
00:23:56,555 --> 00:23:58,536
the torpedo punches a hole
just below the waterline,
390
00:23:58,556 --> 00:24:00,832
behind the bridge on the starboard side.
391
00:24:02,453 --> 00:24:05,488
From the upper deck,
392
00:24:06,522 --> 00:24:07,436
Charles Frohman gauges the situation
393
00:24:07,456 --> 00:24:09,124
with typical composure.
394
00:24:11,765 --> 00:24:13,686
Frohman took his cigar out of his mouth,
395
00:24:14,112 --> 00:24:16,311
and he remarked to a friend
of his standing next to him,
396
00:24:16,836 --> 00:24:20,438
"this is going to be a close call."
397
00:24:20,458 --> 00:24:22,776
Elsie Hook has almost
reached the ship's post box
398
00:24:23,078 --> 00:24:25,287
when she feels the impact.
399
00:24:32,424 --> 00:24:35,185
She had no idea what it was,
400
00:24:36,391 --> 00:24:37,684
so she ran back up the stairs onto deck
401
00:24:37,704 --> 00:24:39,421
and found her father and her brother Frank.
402
00:24:39,944 --> 00:24:41,985
George decided to make for the top decks,
403
00:24:42,530 --> 00:24:43,787
where the lifeboats were,
with the children.
404
00:24:43,807 --> 00:24:45,257
And while Elsie was running,
405
00:24:46,326 --> 00:24:48,064
she looked down and saw a wad of money,
406
00:24:48,084 --> 00:24:49,962
so she bent over, picked it up,
showed it to her father,
407
00:24:49,981 --> 00:24:51,661
and her father said, "throw it away, girl.
408
00:24:52,050 --> 00:24:53,637
It might cost you your life."
409
00:24:57,052 --> 00:24:59,777
Below, in her cabin,
410
00:25:01,122 --> 00:25:03,041
Rita Jolivet grapples
with an agonizing decision.
411
00:25:03,362 --> 00:25:06,294
She was so terrified of drowning
412
00:25:07,813 --> 00:25:09,827
that she actually had with her
a small pearl-handled revolver.
413
00:25:09,847 --> 00:25:12,574
She planned to shoot herself
if the worst should come.
414
00:25:20,436 --> 00:25:21,831
The captain rushes up to the bridge
415
00:25:21,851 --> 00:25:22,418
and takes charge of any kind
of countermeasures
416
00:25:22,438 --> 00:25:24,299
that can be taken.
417
00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:32,076
Just off duty,
418
00:25:32,096 --> 00:25:33,524
engineer Andrew Cockburn
had been on the upper deck.
419
00:25:33,544 --> 00:25:36,094
And his immediate response
420
00:25:36,958 --> 00:25:39,351
was a highly professional one...
421
00:25:39,371 --> 00:25:40,972
Let's go down and check that these doors
422
00:25:41,787 --> 00:25:43,477
were in fact closed, according to orders.
423
00:25:44,511 --> 00:25:46,270
As far as he could see, they were.
424
00:25:51,721 --> 00:25:54,099
Less than a minute
after the torpedo strikes,
425
00:25:55,444 --> 00:25:57,164
lusitaniais about to receive a second blow.
426
00:25:59,376 --> 00:26:02,204
In his war diary,
427
00:26:03,688 --> 00:26:06,047
captain Schwieger records that,
very much to his surprise...
428
00:26:08,620 --> 00:26:10,980
There was a secondary explosion,
429
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:12,640
much stronger than his torpedo explosion.
430
00:26:13,102 --> 00:26:15,692
He says. "There is a fire,
431
00:26:16,795 --> 00:26:18,275
and smoke is coming out of the ship."
432
00:26:20,141 --> 00:26:22,657
Lusitaniais carrying a
secret cargo of war munitions,
433
00:26:24,970 --> 00:26:27,693
but this is not
the source of the explosion.
434
00:26:32,246 --> 00:26:34,157
It is almost certainly caused
by a ruptured steam pipe.
435
00:26:34,177 --> 00:26:38,193
Schwieger says he could observe
436
00:26:38,213 --> 00:26:39,653
that the ship was blowing off steam,
437
00:26:40,868 --> 00:26:42,668
and eventually he could see
the name Lusitania
438
00:26:42,972 --> 00:26:45,386
on the stern in golden letters.
439
00:26:48,940 --> 00:26:51,597
Thousands of gallons of sea water
440
00:26:52,492 --> 00:26:54,335
are now pouring into the ship,
441
00:26:54,355 --> 00:26:56,542
causing it to list to starboard.
442
00:26:56,562 --> 00:26:58,390
As the ship began to sink,
443
00:26:59,874 --> 00:27:01,889
so the second officer would
call out the degree of list,
444
00:27:01,909 --> 00:27:04,495
and that degree began to get
more and more and more.
445
00:27:06,047 --> 00:27:08,704
Lusitania is only twelve miles from land.
446
00:27:09,945 --> 00:27:12,291
Captain Turner orders the ship
hard a starboard
447
00:27:13,531 --> 00:27:15,211
in a desperate attempt to reach the coast.
448
00:27:16,602 --> 00:27:19,292
Unfortunately, there
was no steam to make it happen.
449
00:27:20,464 --> 00:27:23,189
As vainly as they tried to turn the ship,
450
00:27:24,018 --> 00:27:25,294
she just carried on going
451
00:27:26,464 --> 00:27:27,275
in the previous direction she was set to,
452
00:27:27,295 --> 00:27:28,777
under her own momentum.
453
00:27:32,397 --> 00:27:36,310
On the promenade deck,
454
00:27:36,330 --> 00:27:37,310
Charles Frohman is still
remarkably untroubled
455
00:27:37,330 --> 00:27:39,503
by the unfolding disaster.
456
00:27:40,986 --> 00:27:43,209
One of his friends who
was standing by him at the rail
457
00:27:43,229 --> 00:27:46,208
got hold of a lifejacket
458
00:27:46,228 --> 00:27:47,348
and said, "look, Charles,
you had better put this on."
459
00:27:47,368 --> 00:27:49,539
But he looked at it, he refused,
460
00:27:50,816 --> 00:27:52,655
he gave it away to a woman
who didn't have one.
461
00:27:54,714 --> 00:27:57,231
Rita Jolivet rushes from her cabin
462
00:27:58,095 --> 00:28:00,074
to join Frohman on the deck,
463
00:28:00,095 --> 00:28:02,039
looking distinctly less calm.
464
00:28:02,059 --> 00:28:03,404
Charles Frohman, I think,
465
00:28:04,510 --> 00:28:05,559
must have seen how frightened she was.
466
00:28:05,579 --> 00:28:07,663
She said that he gave her directions
467
00:28:07,683 --> 00:28:09,483
as calmly as if he was
directing her on stage,
468
00:28:09,716 --> 00:28:12,042
saying to her, "hold on to the rail.
469
00:28:12,062 --> 00:28:13,782
Save your strength
'til we know what to do."
470
00:28:15,029 --> 00:28:17,788
Rita didn't tell him
471
00:28:19,030 --> 00:28:19,492
that she was carrying the little revolver.
472
00:28:22,961 --> 00:28:26,496
Three minutes since the attack.
473
00:28:26,516 --> 00:28:28,722
With two warheads left,
474
00:28:29,963 --> 00:28:30,910
Schwieger and his crew continue to observe.
475
00:28:34,757 --> 00:28:37,689
Schwieger says,
476
00:28:38,931 --> 00:28:40,649
"on the ship there's obviously great panic.
477
00:28:40,689 --> 00:28:42,621
There are signs of confusion.
478
00:28:43,519 --> 00:28:45,981
The boats were being lowered,
479
00:28:46,001 --> 00:28:48,088
and the occupants
are spilt out into the sea.
480
00:28:48,108 --> 00:28:50,185
It has the appearance the ship
is likely to turn over
481
00:28:51,278 --> 00:28:53,900
in a very short period of time."
482
00:28:57,004 --> 00:28:59,626
Nettie and Walter
Mitchell make it up to the deck
483
00:29:01,073 --> 00:29:03,434
and join the mass of people
rushing to get to the lifeboats.
484
00:29:04,040 --> 00:29:08,262
Nettie and Walter didn't have lifejackets,
485
00:29:08,282 --> 00:29:10,682
but they got into a lifeboat
which was launched successfully.
486
00:29:11,594 --> 00:29:14,525
In the meantime, John got into a lifeboat
487
00:29:15,698 --> 00:29:19,231
that overturned as it was being launched.
488
00:29:19,251 --> 00:29:21,532
He held on to a rope at the side
of the upturned lifeboat,
489
00:29:22,699 --> 00:29:25,852
and people were jumping down on top of him
490
00:29:25,872 --> 00:29:27,268
as he was holding on to the rope.
491
00:29:33,427 --> 00:29:34,987
Deep in the heart of the ship,
492
00:29:37,564 --> 00:29:38,270
engineer Andrew Cockburn battles
to get to the engine room,
493
00:29:38,290 --> 00:29:40,325
seven decks below.
494
00:29:41,669 --> 00:29:44,408
His route takes him past
a group of ship's butchers,
495
00:29:44,428 --> 00:29:46,187
equally desperate
to get up to the lifeboats.
496
00:29:47,085 --> 00:29:49,533
Although lunch had just finished,
497
00:29:50,912 --> 00:29:52,894
they were already preparing meat
for the evening meals.
498
00:29:52,914 --> 00:29:55,259
One of them made a run for the stairs.
499
00:29:56,640 --> 00:29:58,378
The others decided they would
try something different,
500
00:29:58,398 --> 00:30:00,077
and they thought they could get out faster
501
00:30:01,018 --> 00:30:02,481
if they crowded themselves
into a service lift
502
00:30:02,501 --> 00:30:04,180
that usually carried meat up several decks
503
00:30:04,985 --> 00:30:07,276
from the preparation area
504
00:30:07,296 --> 00:30:09,036
to the galleys, where it was cooked.
505
00:30:09,056 --> 00:30:11,036
So they jumped into the lift and
tried to make it out that way.
506
00:30:11,056 --> 00:30:14,346
Then, at 2:14...
507
00:30:14,366 --> 00:30:16,644
Disaster.
508
00:30:20,197 --> 00:30:21,921
The power went off.
509
00:30:23,300 --> 00:30:26,832
The lift stopped.
510
00:30:26,852 --> 00:30:28,765
Both the passenger lift,
511
00:30:28,785 --> 00:30:30,074
which contained first-class passengers,
512
00:30:30,094 --> 00:30:31,696
and also the meat lift,
513
00:30:31,716 --> 00:30:33,869
which contained the butchers,
514
00:30:33,889 --> 00:30:35,318
who thought that was a good way out,
515
00:30:35,338 --> 00:30:36,974
and sadly they were all trapped.
516
00:30:36,994 --> 00:30:38,714
Engineer Cockburn
was hearing these screams.
517
00:30:41,995 --> 00:30:43,216
The butchers must have come
to a pretty dreadful end.
518
00:30:53,031 --> 00:30:55,391
Lusitania has a total
of 70 lifeboats and rafts...
519
00:30:55,445 --> 00:30:58,239
More than enough for everyone on board.
520
00:30:58,998 --> 00:31:01,552
But the severe listing
521
00:31:02,723 --> 00:31:04,283
makes launching them almost impossible.
522
00:31:07,378 --> 00:31:11,014
The ship was tilting
right down towards the water,
523
00:31:11,034 --> 00:31:13,726
baby carriages careering
hither and thither,
524
00:31:14,588 --> 00:31:15,829
people losing their footing,
525
00:31:16,933 --> 00:31:18,499
struggling to hold on to anything
526
00:31:18,519 --> 00:31:20,811
to keep themselves upright.
527
00:31:20,831 --> 00:31:23,245
George Hook realized what was happening.
528
00:31:24,451 --> 00:31:26,156
He could see that with the ship tilting,
529
00:31:26,176 --> 00:31:28,256
heavy lifeboats were swinging in
right over the deck,
530
00:31:28,384 --> 00:31:31,123
and people were getting mashed
531
00:31:31,143 --> 00:31:32,295
as they tried to push those lifeboats out
532
00:31:32,315 --> 00:31:33,987
so they could be launched.
533
00:31:34,007 --> 00:31:35,193
He can see lifeboats
landing on top of each other,
534
00:31:35,213 --> 00:31:38,159
lifeboats flipping and tipping
everybody into the water
535
00:31:38,179 --> 00:31:40,456
and then landing on top of people,
536
00:31:41,628 --> 00:31:43,505
he can see them being dragged underwater.
537
00:31:43,525 --> 00:31:46,092
It's not a good prospect
to try and save his family.
538
00:31:46,112 --> 00:31:49,023
So he said to his son and daughter,
539
00:31:49,043 --> 00:31:50,851
"we're not going to get into a lifeboat.
540
00:31:50,871 --> 00:31:52,541
It's too dangerous."
541
00:31:52,561 --> 00:31:53,961
He lined his family up at the rail.
542
00:31:56,220 --> 00:31:59,578
He said to his son and his daughter,
543
00:31:59,598 --> 00:32:01,460
"we're going to jump."
544
00:32:05,702 --> 00:32:08,461
By now the ship is severely listing
545
00:32:09,290 --> 00:32:11,546
at an angle of 25 degrees.
546
00:32:11,566 --> 00:32:13,858
But the captain hasn't given up hope.
547
00:32:13,878 --> 00:32:16,774
Turner became concerned
548
00:32:18,293 --> 00:32:19,272
that the hatches that led up to
the bridge from the forecastle
549
00:32:19,292 --> 00:32:23,582
had not shut,
550
00:32:23,602 --> 00:32:26,084
and so he sent Hefford down to
make sure that they were closed.
551
00:32:28,018 --> 00:32:30,468
34-year-old newlywed Percy Hefford
552
00:32:31,191 --> 00:32:33,365
is never seen again.
553
00:32:39,954 --> 00:32:42,747
Beneath the chaos,
554
00:32:44,056 --> 00:32:44,694
captain Schwieger
contemplates his next move.
555
00:32:50,471 --> 00:32:53,266
There's one remarkable paragraph
556
00:32:54,093 --> 00:32:56,489
in this document in here,
557
00:32:56,509 --> 00:32:58,388
which is usually technical
and military details.
558
00:32:58,472 --> 00:33:01,972
He says, "I couldn't find it in my heart
559
00:33:01,992 --> 00:33:04,373
to fire a second torpedo,
560
00:33:05,752 --> 00:33:07,712
in this mass of people
trying to save themselves."
561
00:33:17,237 --> 00:33:21,183
His mission accomplished,
562
00:33:21,202 --> 00:33:23,242
captain Schwieger orders
the U-20 to return to base.
563
00:33:24,687 --> 00:33:27,516
His job was to sink ships,
564
00:33:28,343 --> 00:33:29,619
and not to rescue people.
565
00:33:36,931 --> 00:33:39,586
On the Lusitania,
566
00:33:40,967 --> 00:33:42,705
Cockburn finally makes it down
to the engine room.
567
00:33:42,725 --> 00:33:45,382
But the situation is desperate.
568
00:33:46,278 --> 00:33:48,417
Cockburn finds in fact
569
00:33:49,521 --> 00:33:50,984
that all the machinery's out of action,
570
00:33:51,004 --> 00:33:52,915
water's flooding in.
571
00:33:52,935 --> 00:33:54,915
He has a quick consultation
with the chief engineer
572
00:33:54,935 --> 00:33:56,502
and can just make him out in the darkness.
573
00:33:56,522 --> 00:33:59,434
Hearing the water in the engine room,
574
00:33:59,454 --> 00:34:01,090
one of the largest
compartments in the ship,
575
00:34:01,110 --> 00:34:02,830
Cockburn said, "there's nothing we can do."
576
00:34:03,248 --> 00:34:06,436
They'd lost all power,
577
00:34:06,456 --> 00:34:08,539
all control.
578
00:34:08,559 --> 00:34:09,334
There was no way to steer the vessel.
579
00:34:09,354 --> 00:34:10,768
There was no hope.
580
00:34:16,457 --> 00:34:19,391
Inside the ship,
581
00:34:20,114 --> 00:34:21,335
as everything's tilting
582
00:34:21,355 --> 00:34:24,303
and the walls become floors
583
00:34:24,323 --> 00:34:25,803
and the staircases become impassable,
584
00:34:26,253 --> 00:34:28,716
it's terrifying,
585
00:34:28,736 --> 00:34:30,537
and your natural instinct
would be to get out.
586
00:34:35,772 --> 00:34:37,269
Sixteen minutes since the impact.
587
00:34:37,289 --> 00:34:39,774
The deck where the Hook family
clings to the railing
588
00:34:40,496 --> 00:34:41,912
is almost in the water.
589
00:34:42,740 --> 00:34:46,032
Elsie stood at the rail,
590
00:34:46,052 --> 00:34:47,549
looked at the water, and prayed,
591
00:34:47,569 --> 00:34:49,223
"please god, save me, please."
592
00:34:50,293 --> 00:34:51,879
Once she had finished her prayer,
593
00:34:53,053 --> 00:34:54,067
she heard two women behind her crying,
594
00:34:54,088 --> 00:34:55,709
and she turned around and said,
595
00:34:56,915 --> 00:34:58,555
"don't worry, ladies. God will save you."
596
00:35:00,917 --> 00:35:02,882
The water reaches their feet.
597
00:35:03,572 --> 00:35:05,692
It's now or never.
598
00:35:05,712 --> 00:35:08,140
George tells his children to jump.
599
00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:10,919
Frank was ripped away
from his father and his sister,
600
00:35:11,573 --> 00:35:14,610
and they lost him.
601
00:35:23,266 --> 00:35:25,992
Charles Frohman
saw this green cliff of water
602
00:35:27,716 --> 00:35:30,405
surging up the deck towards them.
603
00:35:33,509 --> 00:35:37,215
In those final moments,
604
00:35:37,235 --> 00:35:38,699
Charles Frohman apparently
paraphrased some lines
605
00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:40,458
from his beloved play, "Peter Pan":
606
00:35:40,478 --> 00:35:43,492
"Why fear death?
607
00:35:43,512 --> 00:35:45,671
It is the most beautiful
adventure that life gives us."
608
00:35:46,790 --> 00:35:49,514
The friends were thrown into the sea,
609
00:35:50,135 --> 00:35:51,791
ripped apart,
610
00:35:52,514 --> 00:35:54,254
amid all that debris...
611
00:35:54,274 --> 00:35:55,653
Lifeboats, bodies...
612
00:35:57,204 --> 00:36:00,000
Charles Frohman disappeared
beneath the water.
613
00:36:04,897 --> 00:36:06,976
Andrew Cockburn is still three decks below.
614
00:36:08,448 --> 00:36:10,657
It's a race for his life.
615
00:36:12,002 --> 00:36:14,347
The lusitaniais nearing its final moments.
616
00:36:19,211 --> 00:36:21,123
You would have felt it
sinking out from underneath you.
617
00:36:21,143 --> 00:36:22,950
It's plunging to the bottom at this point.
618
00:36:22,970 --> 00:36:24,502
The ship was doomed, and he knew it.
619
00:36:24,522 --> 00:36:26,639
You needed to get away.
620
00:36:26,659 --> 00:36:27,709
Somehow, he manages to burst into daylight
621
00:36:27,729 --> 00:36:30,712
at c deck, on a promenade,
622
00:36:30,732 --> 00:36:32,627
and scramble up the deck.
623
00:36:35,421 --> 00:36:37,861
Cockburn makes it to
the rail with seconds to spare.
624
00:36:46,251 --> 00:36:50,301
At 2:28,
625
00:36:50,321 --> 00:36:52,025
just 18 minutes after she was struck,
626
00:36:52,045 --> 00:36:53,764
the Lusitania disappears beneath the waves.
627
00:36:57,391 --> 00:36:59,323
For many,
628
00:37:00,390 --> 00:37:01,950
2:28 is the last minute of their lives.
629
00:37:04,014 --> 00:37:06,532
For others,
630
00:37:07,740 --> 00:37:08,685
stranded in the freezing waters
of the Atlantic,
631
00:37:08,705 --> 00:37:10,015
the horror is only beginning.
632
00:37:27,330 --> 00:37:29,951
Word of the Lusitania's sinking
reached land almost immediately,
633
00:37:31,262 --> 00:37:34,965
but two hours later,
634
00:37:34,985 --> 00:37:35,762
the rescue boats have yet to arrive.
635
00:37:38,748 --> 00:37:41,436
Nobody necessarily
636
00:37:42,850 --> 00:37:43,967
wanted to close the Lusitania that quickly
637
00:37:43,987 --> 00:37:45,073
with a U-boat with torpedoes around.
638
00:37:45,093 --> 00:37:46,472
Do you want to sink as well?
639
00:37:47,195 --> 00:37:48,900
Of course you don't.
640
00:37:48,920 --> 00:37:49,764
Getting sunk and more people in the water
641
00:37:49,784 --> 00:37:51,040
is not going to help anyone.
642
00:37:53,542 --> 00:37:55,109
Ireland is just 12 miles away...
643
00:37:55,129 --> 00:37:57,268
Agonizingly close,
644
00:37:57,991 --> 00:37:59,647
but too far to swim.
645
00:38:00,786 --> 00:38:03,647
Hundreds of passengers and crew
646
00:38:04,856 --> 00:38:06,575
are at the mercy
of the freezing conditions.
647
00:38:08,545 --> 00:38:09,217
The water was some 50 degrees fahrenheit,
648
00:38:09,237 --> 00:38:10,581
or 10 degrees celsius.
649
00:38:11,823 --> 00:38:13,975
Even those lucky enough
to get into lifeboats
650
00:38:13,995 --> 00:38:15,341
were shuddering with cold,
651
00:38:16,582 --> 00:38:17,770
and of course the cold water took its toll,
652
00:38:17,790 --> 00:38:20,321
particularly on the very young.
653
00:38:20,341 --> 00:38:23,032
Only 6 of 44 lifeboats
were successfully launched.
654
00:38:25,931 --> 00:38:28,655
In one of them, George and Elsie Hook
655
00:38:29,827 --> 00:38:31,546
desperately scan the water for young Frank.
656
00:38:33,207 --> 00:38:35,966
Frank!
657
00:38:37,552 --> 00:38:39,050
Still without lifejackets
in another of the boats,
658
00:38:39,070 --> 00:38:42,326
the Mitchells believe they are safe.
659
00:38:42,346 --> 00:38:44,657
But the lifeboat didn't have a bung in it.
660
00:38:45,763 --> 00:38:47,831
I presume a bung is some sort of plug.
661
00:38:48,555 --> 00:38:50,452
And it sank slowly.
662
00:38:53,659 --> 00:38:56,695
In the water,
663
00:38:57,765 --> 00:38:58,917
survivors cling to upturned lifeboats.
664
00:38:58,937 --> 00:39:01,041
They include ship's engineer
Andrew Cockburn,
665
00:39:03,835 --> 00:39:06,559
and despite her terrible fear of drowning,
666
00:39:07,181 --> 00:39:09,458
Rita Jolivet.
667
00:39:10,940 --> 00:39:13,138
Some of the survivors
describe what it was like
668
00:39:13,352 --> 00:39:15,393
swimming through the drifting
debris and the bodies,
669
00:39:15,838 --> 00:39:18,038
pushing aside the bodies
of drowned children and babies,
670
00:39:19,630 --> 00:39:22,460
said like lily pads on a pond.
671
00:39:25,047 --> 00:39:26,406
It traumatized them, those sights,
672
00:39:28,807 --> 00:39:29,925
for the rest of their lives.
673
00:39:46,397 --> 00:39:49,293
Nettie says that
the baby died very quickly.
674
00:39:51,467 --> 00:39:54,294
The water was freezing.
675
00:39:55,158 --> 00:39:57,950
She knew the baby had died.
676
00:40:00,709 --> 00:40:03,573
The last thing Walter said was,
677
00:40:04,401 --> 00:40:05,347
"I can't hold on anymore."
678
00:40:08,229 --> 00:40:09,948
And she said "you have to
keep holding on...
679
00:40:10,230 --> 00:40:12,298
Holding on to the baby...
680
00:40:13,024 --> 00:40:14,576
Holding on to life."
681
00:40:18,161 --> 00:40:21,555
That was the last thing
that she remembered.
682
00:40:33,269 --> 00:40:35,959
The rescue boats did finally arrive,
683
00:40:36,857 --> 00:40:39,065
three hours after the sinking.
684
00:40:40,236 --> 00:40:44,010
By the following morning,
685
00:40:44,030 --> 00:40:45,080
more than 700 people have been saved,
686
00:40:45,100 --> 00:40:47,790
including captain Turner,
687
00:40:48,825 --> 00:40:50,357
who had been swept off the bridge
688
00:40:50,377 --> 00:40:52,185
as the ship went down.
689
00:40:52,205 --> 00:40:54,722
But the dead will wash up
on the shores around queenstown
690
00:40:55,377 --> 00:40:57,895
for weeks to come.
691
00:40:59,172 --> 00:41:01,896
So many bodies were brought ashore
692
00:41:03,345 --> 00:41:04,946
that they're described as being
stacked up on the quayside
693
00:41:04,966 --> 00:41:07,001
like cord wood.
694
00:41:08,416 --> 00:41:10,535
Sailors carried the bodies
of the dead children ashore
695
00:41:10,588 --> 00:41:13,382
in their arms as carefully
696
00:41:14,623 --> 00:41:16,328
as if those children had still been living
697
00:41:16,348 --> 00:41:17,088
and laid them by the sides
of the adults on the quayside.
698
00:41:21,281 --> 00:41:23,970
George and Elsie Hook
699
00:41:25,419 --> 00:41:27,539
spend three grueling days
trying to find Frank's body.
700
00:41:28,869 --> 00:41:31,801
Elsie and her father
701
00:41:32,834 --> 00:41:35,196
had to go from mortuary to mortuary,
702
00:41:35,216 --> 00:41:36,712
inspecting the lines of bodies
lying there under white sheets,
703
00:41:36,732 --> 00:41:39,491
rows and rows of them,
704
00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:41,335
pulling back the sheet each time,
705
00:41:41,355 --> 00:41:43,162
inspecting the face underneath,
706
00:41:43,182 --> 00:41:44,991
wondering whether they'd
see Frank there or not.
707
00:41:45,011 --> 00:41:47,872
Then a man came up to George Hook and said,
708
00:41:49,356 --> 00:41:51,876
"I've heard about a boy who's in
hospital outside of queenstown.
709
00:41:53,253 --> 00:41:56,013
Have you looked at him
to see if he's Frank?"
710
00:41:57,289 --> 00:41:59,049
The boy they find has a broken leg,
711
00:41:59,496 --> 00:42:00,806
caused by a falling lifeboat.
712
00:42:01,462 --> 00:42:04,394
Apart from that,
713
00:42:05,463 --> 00:42:07,062
young Frank Hook is completely unharmed.
714
00:42:10,636 --> 00:42:12,810
And the first words out of Frank's mouth
715
00:42:13,637 --> 00:42:15,618
when he saw his father were,
716
00:42:15,638 --> 00:42:16,377
"gee, dad, it took you
long enough to get here."
717
00:42:20,847 --> 00:42:23,536
Nettie's brother John also survived.
718
00:42:24,951 --> 00:42:26,951
He, too, is searching
for the bodies of his family.
719
00:42:30,952 --> 00:42:32,632
Among the dead, under a tarpaulin,
720
00:42:34,849 --> 00:42:36,290
he found Walter and nettie's bodies.
721
00:42:38,193 --> 00:42:41,023
And he thought he saw her eyelid moving.
722
00:42:43,023 --> 00:42:45,817
Just a flicker of life.
723
00:42:48,784 --> 00:42:50,464
Having lost her husband and baby,
724
00:42:52,508 --> 00:42:54,695
nettie makes a miraculous recovery.
725
00:43:01,787 --> 00:43:03,511
Three days after the sinking,
726
00:43:04,718 --> 00:43:06,651
with many of the bodies still unidentified,
727
00:43:07,374 --> 00:43:09,100
the mass funerals begin.
728
00:43:11,789 --> 00:43:14,616
The people of queenstown
line the streets in silence
729
00:43:15,755 --> 00:43:18,150
as the endless procession of coffins
730
00:43:18,170 --> 00:43:19,410
winds its way through the town.
731
00:43:28,689 --> 00:43:31,001
At the same time,
732
00:43:32,346 --> 00:43:34,188
the U-20 has almost reached
its base in Germany.
733
00:43:34,207 --> 00:43:36,933
Captain Schwieger receives a hero's welcome
734
00:43:37,794 --> 00:43:39,845
for his great military triumph.
735
00:43:39,865 --> 00:43:43,225
But it will be short-lived.
736
00:43:43,245 --> 00:43:45,348
Germany was celebrating
737
00:43:46,177 --> 00:43:48,226
this big military success,
738
00:43:48,246 --> 00:43:50,227
but on diplomatic channels
739
00:43:50,247 --> 00:43:52,006
the German government
conveyed to the British
740
00:43:52,384 --> 00:43:53,833
as well to the American government
741
00:43:55,283 --> 00:43:57,482
that it was terribly sick
about this heavy loss of life.
742
00:43:57,937 --> 00:44:00,730
1,192 people perished
in the Lusitania's sinking.
743
00:44:03,835 --> 00:44:06,837
Among them, 128 Americans.
744
00:44:09,077 --> 00:44:11,733
President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson
745
00:44:12,976 --> 00:44:14,736
announced his outrage
in the strongest terms.
746
00:44:16,357 --> 00:44:19,116
Up until the sinking of the Lusitania,
747
00:44:20,391 --> 00:44:24,027
the United States was, on balance,
748
00:44:24,047 --> 00:44:25,427
more anti-allied than anti-German.
749
00:44:26,911 --> 00:44:29,013
The sinking of the Lusitania
changed all that
750
00:44:30,496 --> 00:44:32,856
in that it began to make the
Germans look like the villains.
751
00:44:34,428 --> 00:44:38,030
Wilson himself puts it very well.
752
00:44:38,051 --> 00:44:39,513
He says, "the British are thieves.
753
00:44:39,533 --> 00:44:40,844
The Germans are murderers."
754
00:44:41,534 --> 00:44:43,431
Within weeks,
755
00:44:44,533 --> 00:44:45,653
under growing international pressure,
756
00:44:45,673 --> 00:44:47,552
Germany ceased its unrestricted
U-boat campaign.
757
00:44:48,639 --> 00:44:51,571
When it resumed in 1917,
758
00:44:52,639 --> 00:44:54,862
America immediately entered the war,
759
00:44:54,882 --> 00:44:56,641
on the side of the British.
760
00:44:57,709 --> 00:44:59,572
19 months later, Germany surrendered.
761
00:45:00,435 --> 00:45:03,552
World war I was over.
762
00:45:10,195 --> 00:45:11,762
The name Lusitania is etched in history
763
00:45:11,782 --> 00:45:13,129
as a tragedy on a global scale.
764
00:45:14,783 --> 00:45:17,473
But it's also a story of people...
765
00:45:18,198 --> 00:45:21,178
The passengers and crew
766
00:45:21,198 --> 00:45:22,879
who embarked on a journey a century ago...
767
00:45:23,543 --> 00:45:27,042
A story of those who died...
768
00:45:27,062 --> 00:45:28,752
And those who lived.
58234
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