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(peaceful music)
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(water pattering)
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Versailles, the ultimate expression
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of the power of the king built it, Louis XIV.
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At the very limits of the domain of Versailles
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stands an odd little village from another time.
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It seems abandoned, but in fact, it was never populated.
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The Queen's Hamlet is the secret refuge of Marie Antoinette
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where she escaped her ceremonial life
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at the Court of Versailles.
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It's here she sought happiness,
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the one thing forbidden to a queen.
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Over time, humidity and neglect have taken their toll.
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The buildings were never meant to survive her,
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but her dream lives on.
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Two centuries after revolution sealed her fate,
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craftsmen are restoring the house of the queen
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with the same gestures as the original builders.
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Marie Antoinette transformed Versailles,
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and Versailles transformed Marie Antoinette.
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The Hamlet was her last creation.
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It's just three kilometers from the palace,
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but for Marie Antoinette, it was a voyage of 19 years.
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(tense music)
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No.
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On this autumn morning of 1789,
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Marie Antoinette learns that 6,000 angry women
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are marching on Versailles demanding bread.
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Returning to the palace for safety,
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she goes back in time, lost to her memories.
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Not long ago, happiness seemed possible here,
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far from the court and politics.
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(somber music)
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The queen doesn't yet know it,
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but this will be her last day in Versailles.
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She remembers the first time
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she passed through the gate of Versailles
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as if it were yesterday.
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(peaceful music)
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A child, just 14 years old.
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(tense music)
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She entered a world of wealth and extravagance
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that even a Habsburg princess found daunting.
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And she didn't come by choice.
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She was dispatched from Vienna
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to marry the meek and studious
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15-year-old heir to the French throne, Louis Auguste.
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The two were polar opposites in temperament,
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but they were just political pawns.
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The real marriage was between France and Austria,
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an alliance engineered by her mother,
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Empress Maria Theresa, and Louis XV.
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It was designed to remake the face of Europe.
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This Franco-Austrian marriage
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results in what is known as the Diplomatic Revolution,
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a reversal of alliances in which France's
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historical enemy, Austria becomes her ally.
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The young princess found herself alone
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in a closed and frozen world called Versailles.
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Imagine Marie Antoinette
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discovering Versailles.
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She arrives in a century-old chateau
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whose decor is just as old.
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It's like living with your great grandparents.
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The furnishings have barely changed since the Louis XIV.
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For the past 100 years,
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Versailles had functioned explicitly as the ultimate symbol
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of the absolutist monarchy's grandeur.
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Louis XIV had actually conceived of the palace
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as a showcase for his limitless riches and limitless power.
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Louis XIV, the Sun King,
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placed himself at the center of his creation.
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Every surface reflected
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the glory of the monarch as he passed.
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(tense music)
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More than a building,
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Versailles was a system of ceremonial spaces
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where nobles vied for the supreme privilege
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of being close to the body of the king.
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The decor was pure Bourbon propaganda.
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(gentle music)
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And Marie Antoinette detested it.
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(tense music)
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Versailles was a political theater
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where everyone knew their role, except Marie Antoinette.
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On her wedding night, she discovers the public ceremony
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by which the royal family
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guarantees the bloodline of its heirs.
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The newlyweds find themselves in bed
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lying side by side with all the curtains wide open.
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The entire court gathers in front of the two young people
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and officially wishes them a good night.
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Then the curtains are closed.
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They are not being spied on, per se,
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but everyone knows what is going on.
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The 14-year-old bride
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is shocked and humiliated.
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The court of her childhood in Vienna
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was much less severe in its etiquette.
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She discovers that at the Court of Versailles,
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there is no privacy for members of the royal family.
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For Marie Antoinette, what this meant in practical terms
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was that she was surrounded from waking up in the morning
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until going to bed at night
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by a large retinue of courtiers,
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including about 28 women from the high nobility
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and the local bourgeoisie
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who attended to her physical person.
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The Ladies of Honor were hand-picked by the king.
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They were not people that Marie Antoinette
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had the freedom to select herself.
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The whole day is planned in advance,
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waking up, washing, getting dressed,
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dinner, supper, and bedtime.
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The schedule is set ahead of time like a performance
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and is carried out with the precision of a ballet.
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Courtiers participate according to their rank.
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(light music)
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The most famous moment,
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described to perfection by her lady in waiting,
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is the dressing of the queen.
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Marie Antoinette is surrounded by a swarm of courtesans.
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The duchess pulls up the right sleeve of the queen's dress,
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while someone else pulls up the left one.
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Suddenly, there's a scratch at the door.
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A princess enters, her rank is higher than duchesses,
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so they have to start all over again.
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And there is Marie Antoinette,
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standing in the dead of winter,
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shivering and losing her patience with this endless ballet.
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(clock ticking)
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(Marie sighs)
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The clothing that was worn by the courtiers
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and the members of the royal family was subject,
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like everything else at the palace,
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to a strict, elaborate, and very subtle code.
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Marie Antoinette rebels.
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She throws offs the constraints of the grand corps,
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a punishingly tight corset
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that only royal princess were entitled to wear.
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Her refusal to wear the grand corps
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provoked a dramatic diplomatic incident.
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It was an insult to the women of the court
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that their future queen should not be willing
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to wear a garment regarded as a supreme mark of privilege.
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Marie Antoinette underestimates
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the importance of such etiquette,
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which is a huge error of judgment on her part
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because behind each tiny privilege hides a courtesan.
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Her rejection of this etiquette
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provokes jealousy and resentment and ultimately hatred.
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In Vienna, Maria Theresa understands
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what Marie Antoinette does not,
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that enemies in the court threaten the alliance.
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Maria Theresa asks her ambassador in France,
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Count Mercy Argenteau, to keep her informed
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on her daughter's every move through secret reports.
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And Maria Theresa fires off her own letter,
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counseling her daughter to act responsibly.
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My dearest daughter,
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a wife must always be submissive to her husband
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and should have no other concern
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above and beyond pleasing him and doing his bidding.
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As for the king, love him, obey him,
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and try to read his mind.
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As a young dauphine, Marie Antoinette was essentially
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in the same position as virtually
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all of the other courtiers at Versailles
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in that her survival at court, her prestige at court,
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her advancement at court all depended
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on the degree to which she succeeded
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in currying favor with the king.
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King Louis the XV hunts almost every day
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along with her husband,
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and she takes up riding to accompany them.
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The convention for highborn women
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was that they ride sidesaddle and Marie Antoinette decided
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that she preferred riding astride.
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Almost every French king
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has been pictured on horseback, but it's rare for a queen
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and never at a gallop, never astride.
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She had her portrait painted straddling a horse
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in a pose that looked strikingly similar
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to some of the famous equestrian portraits of Louis XIV.
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So, Marie Antoinette identifying herself
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with this iconography of male royal power
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essentially seemed to be suggesting
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that she was the one who wore the pants
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in her marriage with the feckless Louis XVI.
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(light music)
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Throughout the kilometers
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of corridors and private apartments
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that formed the backstage to Versailles, rumors spread.
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The Austrian princess is controlling the heir to the throne.
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Marie Antoinette ignores
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the gossipy old courtesans.
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She calls them packages for their old-fashioned dress
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and dismisses the elderly daughters of Louis XV
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as the centuries.
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Marie Antoinette is a genuine queen
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who yearns for genuine friendships.
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She prefers to take into account
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her feelings or a person's qualities over their rank.
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She selects friends her own age,
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younger, lighthearted, fun people who will be referred to
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as a coterie, or more precisely, the queen's society.
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Marie Antoinette's first real friend at court
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is Princess Lamballe, sweet, beautiful, and bland,
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from the house of Savoy.
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Charles Philippe, the Count of Artois,
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her husband's witty and extravagant brother,
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introduces her to the pleasures of Paris nightlife.
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And she's dazzled by the Countess of Polignac,
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beautiful, charming, charismatic, and almost penniless.
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(guests chattering)
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The little group adores Paris and masked balls of the opera
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are a favorite nighttime escape
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from the rigid, predictable routine of life at the chateau.
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(guests laughing)
("Rondo alla Turca")
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She was out every night at the opera balls in Paris.
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So, that's pretty much all night in Paris,
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back to Versailles at seven in the morning,
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a few hours sleep, go to mass,
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have a (speaks in foreign language), do what you have to do,
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and then get ready to go out for the next evening.
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It was pretty normal teenager, I have to say.
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I mean, it wasn't terribly shocking, what she did.
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What Marie Antoinette likes most
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about these balls is the anonymity they afford her.
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She can be someone else
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and take part in certain conversations,
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but she must understand that despite her little black mask,
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as soon as she enters the ballroom, everyone recognizes her,
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but they all pretend not to to please her.
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(speaking in foreign language)
("Rondo alla Turca")
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One night in January 1774,
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she meets a visiting Swedish student of the opera ball,
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and he really doesn't recognize her.
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For a brief moment, she truly escapes Versailles
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and her tiresome role of dauphine.
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Axel von Fersen was such a romantic figure.
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He was a Swedish count, he was dashing,
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he was handsome, he was rich, he was foreign,
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which meant that he steered clear, for the most part,
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of all the petty palace intrigues,
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and he fit so well into Marie Antoinette's
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intimate circle of friends.
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His diary records.
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The dauphine talked to me for a long time
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without me knowing who she was.
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At last, when she was recognized,
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everybody pressed 'round her
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and at three o'clock, she retired into a box.
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I left the ball.
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Some weeks later, he departs France,
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but a spark had passed between.
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(sullen music)
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On May the 10th, 1774, a reign of 59 years comes to an end.
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Louis XV dies of smallpox.
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Hopes for a renewed France free of corruption and decadence
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rest with the promise of the young monarchs,
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Queen Marie Antoinette, 19 years old,
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and King Louis XVI, 20.
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The young queen views her accession as a sort of liberation.
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Madame, my very dear mother,
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although it was God's will
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that I be born into the rank I occupy today,
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I cannot help but admire how fate chose me
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for the most beautiful kingdom in Europe.
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At the time, Marie Antoinette believes
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that her status as queen will free her from her obligations.
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She takes more and more liberties with court etiquette.
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However, what might be forgiven a dauphine
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cannot be forgiven a queen because from that moment on,
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her every action takes on an official nature.
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(hooves clopping)
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Her first act as queen
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is to ask her husband for a palace of her own.
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His first act as king is to give her one.
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The Petit Trianon, a small chateau
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15 minutes from the grand Palace of Versailles.
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(Marie laughing)
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Marie Antoinette turns the Petit Trianon
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into the statement of her independence,
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and independence is truly her key word.
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She immediately makes it her exclusive estate.
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Even the king only visits upon invitation.
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After four years in Versailles,
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the young queen embraces the Petit Trianon
290
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as a refuge from the rigid obligations of the court.
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Here, she will say, I'm no longer queen, I am me.
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The luminous, intimate spaces offer possibilities,
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a cultural oasis, a laboratory of style.
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But absenting herself from the protocol of the court
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is not without consequences.
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She was playing with fire.
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She was turning the courtiers' competition with each other
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into a kind of animosity
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between the high nobility and herself.
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(sullen music)
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And that shift would have far-reaching
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and disastrous implications for the throne.
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00:19:09,697 --> 00:19:12,197
(tense music)
304
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(gentle music)
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The Petit Trianon is a woman's building.
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Louis XV had it built for his mistress, Madame de Pompadour.
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On her death, it was occupied
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by her successor, Madame du Barry.
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It's a jewel of the neoclassical style.
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But when Marie Antoinette took possession in 1774,
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the jewel was in an inappropriate setting.
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The sweet country palace was surrounded by greenhouses
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and experimental plantings,
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right in the middle of Louis XV's botanical garden.
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Louis XV loved botany.
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They say he even plowed the fields of the Trianon himself,
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proof that he was truly fascinated by the art of gardening.
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The Trianon boasted an incredible botanical collection.
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Louis XV sent his ships around the world
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to bring back plants
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that were incredibly beautiful and rare.
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The vast garden
323
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held the most prestigious collection in Europe,
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over 4,000 varieties of plants
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and a world-renowned horticultural school,
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but Marie Antoinette didn't want
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to see greenhouses when she stepped out of her door.
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The first thing she did
329
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when she inherited the estate
330
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was to ask her gardener and her architect
331
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to destroy Louis XV's botanical garden.
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00:20:56,400 --> 00:20:58,220
This decision is very poorly received
333
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at the time by both men.
334
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How could anyone destroy such rare plants?
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One of the world's greatest botanical gardens
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was all but erased.
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She only keeps one part of Louis XV's garden,
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the French garden, which still exists today
339
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with its magnificent pavilion in the center.
340
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Everything else is redone.
341
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She demolishes the experimental greenhouses
342
00:21:23,410 --> 00:21:26,580
and moves the rare plants to the king's garden in Paris,
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the ancestor of today's Jardin des Plantes.
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Above all, she creates something entirely new.
345
00:21:33,503 --> 00:21:35,030
(peaceful music)
346
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Modern and stylish Marie Antoinette
347
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commanded a garden in the English style, nature idealized
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through softly sculpted pastoral landscapes.
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Fashionable with English aristocrats for 30 years,
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they were just coming into style in France,
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replacing the rigorous geometric French gardens
352
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created for Louis XV.
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The French garden
354
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is a reminder of the king's authority.
355
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It's a garden that's all about power and authority.
356
00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:06,710
In this style of garden,
357
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plants are aligned with impeccable precision.
358
00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:12,660
The French garden is created by a garden architect
359
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who wants nature to bend to his will.
360
00:22:17,050 --> 00:22:19,060
In a landscaped or English-style garden,
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the designer becomes a poet.
362
00:22:21,170 --> 00:22:23,320
He imagines nature, not as it is,
363
00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:24,820
but as he would like it to be.
364
00:22:28,030 --> 00:22:30,130
This new style was the expression
365
00:22:30,130 --> 00:22:32,060
of a new spirit of the age
366
00:22:32,060 --> 00:22:35,213
that Marie Antoinette responded to almost instinctively.
367
00:22:36,840 --> 00:22:38,230
It's important to understand
368
00:22:38,230 --> 00:22:40,290
that at the time, people were turning away
369
00:22:40,290 --> 00:22:43,930
from the classical Louis XV style garden.
370
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Rousseau is a big influence.
371
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In Julie, or the New Heloise,
372
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he describes a new style of idyllic garden,
373
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an Eden with ancient-style temples
374
00:22:53,100 --> 00:22:55,063
and winding irregular paths.
375
00:22:56,950 --> 00:22:59,550
Rousseau preached natural simplicity,
376
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but he also preached social equality.
377
00:23:02,510 --> 00:23:05,870
Amused aristocrats read him as a romantic.
378
00:23:05,870 --> 00:23:09,780
Future revolutionaries read him as a political manifesto.
379
00:23:09,780 --> 00:23:13,530
The idea that somehow the French queen
380
00:23:13,530 --> 00:23:17,780
was taking the radical social ideas
381
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of an enlightenment philosopher
382
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and incorporating them into her new lifestyle
383
00:23:23,040 --> 00:23:26,490
at her private estate was one of the many ironies
384
00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:28,170
of Marie Antoinette's position
385
00:23:28,170 --> 00:23:33,093
as a harbinger of revolution almost in spite of herself.
386
00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:41,347
Marie Antoinette put the project
387
00:23:41,347 --> 00:23:45,360
in the hands of Richard Mique, the king's architect,
388
00:23:45,360 --> 00:23:47,930
and the chief gardener Antoine Richard.
389
00:23:49,870 --> 00:23:53,020
Plans were drawn up by the Count of Caramon,
390
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a gifted amateur gardener
391
00:23:54,810 --> 00:23:57,468
and personally approved by the queen.
392
00:23:57,468 --> 00:23:59,968
(tense music)
393
00:24:01,040 --> 00:24:05,200
Atmosphere and sentiment were inspired by Hubert Robert,
394
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,187
the acclaimed painter of picturesque landscapes.
395
00:24:08,187 --> 00:24:10,937
(peaceful music)
396
00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:13,120
Marie Antoinette both commissions
397
00:24:13,120 --> 00:24:15,820
and oversees the work on the Trianon gardens.
398
00:24:15,820 --> 00:24:18,470
She is personally involved in this new project.
399
00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:20,790
She knows what she wants and doesn't hesitate
400
00:24:20,790 --> 00:24:23,750
to have a grove or an ornament reshaped 10 times
401
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:25,133
in order to get it right.
402
00:24:31,020 --> 00:24:34,040
Nothing is natural on the Trianon grounds.
403
00:24:34,040 --> 00:24:36,440
There isn't a single body of water on the property
404
00:24:36,440 --> 00:24:39,680
until Marie Antoinette sets foot in the garden.
405
00:24:39,680 --> 00:24:43,150
She moves around tens of thousands of cubic meters of earth.
406
00:24:43,150 --> 00:24:46,143
She creates hills, ponds, and even lakes.
407
00:24:47,030 --> 00:24:50,190
The scale is unprecedented, and hundreds of people
408
00:24:50,190 --> 00:24:52,450
are paid over a six or seven year period
409
00:24:52,450 --> 00:24:54,900
to make Queen Marie Antoinette's dream come true.
410
00:24:56,512 --> 00:24:59,262
(peaceful music)
411
00:25:04,670 --> 00:25:05,586
Those who know
412
00:25:05,586 --> 00:25:08,480
the Petit Trianon from before are shocked.
413
00:25:08,480 --> 00:25:10,210
They include the Duke of Croy,
414
00:25:10,210 --> 00:25:12,320
who had not set foot in the Petit Trianon
415
00:25:12,320 --> 00:25:13,720
since the death of Louis XV.
416
00:25:14,940 --> 00:25:17,860
In his memoirs, he recounts, I thought I was crazy.
417
00:25:17,860 --> 00:25:19,340
I thought I was dreaming
418
00:25:19,340 --> 00:25:21,500
when I saw Europe's biggest greenhouse
419
00:25:21,500 --> 00:25:25,050
replaced by rivers, rocks, and hills.
420
00:25:25,050 --> 00:25:25,940
In her garden,
421
00:25:25,940 --> 00:25:28,920
the queen trades power for romance,
422
00:25:28,920 --> 00:25:30,360
and she embraces the fashion
423
00:25:30,360 --> 00:25:33,670
for the antique past, the golden age.
424
00:25:33,670 --> 00:25:36,483
Her garden will be a pastoral arcadia.
425
00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:39,500
Several fabrique are built.
426
00:25:39,500 --> 00:25:41,280
These are small architectural elements
427
00:25:41,280 --> 00:25:44,410
designed to decorate and punctuate the landscape.
428
00:25:44,410 --> 00:25:46,560
This is Marie Antoinette's touch of genius.
429
00:25:50,500 --> 00:25:53,300
Foremost among the extraordinary fabrique
430
00:25:53,300 --> 00:25:56,410
in the queen's new garden is the Temple of Love,
431
00:25:56,410 --> 00:25:58,423
an ersatz Roman temple to Cupid.
432
00:26:00,370 --> 00:26:01,240
There is a harmony
433
00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:03,720
between the temple's width, its height,
434
00:26:03,720 --> 00:26:05,532
and the arch of the dome.
435
00:26:05,532 --> 00:26:07,390
Everything's absolutely perfect.
436
00:26:07,390 --> 00:26:09,300
The architecture beautifully represents
437
00:26:09,300 --> 00:26:11,163
the aesthetic ideals of antiquity.
438
00:26:13,021 --> 00:26:15,771
(peaceful music)
439
00:26:19,002 --> 00:26:20,590
And placing this temple on an island
440
00:26:20,590 --> 00:26:23,623
in the middle of the river is an absolute stroke of genius.
441
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:35,100
Overlooking an artificial lake
442
00:26:35,100 --> 00:26:37,710
from a manmade hill, the Belvedere
443
00:26:37,710 --> 00:26:41,493
is an octagonal stone structure in the neoclassical style.
444
00:26:42,590 --> 00:26:45,200
Doors and windows open on all sides
445
00:26:45,200 --> 00:26:47,393
to form an open-air music salon.
446
00:26:48,890 --> 00:26:53,200
The luminous interior is adorned with flowery arabesques,
447
00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:55,793
delicate echoes of the garden that surrounds it.
448
00:26:58,790 --> 00:27:01,530
This is Marie Antoinette's style,
449
00:27:01,530 --> 00:27:04,640
extraordinary elegance, neoclassical,
450
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:08,383
very Louis XVI, one might say, but in miniature.
451
00:27:09,950 --> 00:27:14,130
And very floral with lots and lots of flowers and garlands.
452
00:27:14,130 --> 00:27:16,880
(peaceful music)
453
00:27:20,910 --> 00:27:23,100
The flowery motifs create a harmony
454
00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:27,073
between house and garden, between inside and outside.
455
00:27:30,907 --> 00:27:32,330
(speaking in foreign language)
456
00:27:32,330 --> 00:27:33,770
She brings this landscape
457
00:27:33,770 --> 00:27:36,210
and the Temple of Love seen through the windows
458
00:27:36,210 --> 00:27:40,280
inside the room, and conversely, the decorative patterns
459
00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:41,990
on the furniture and artworks
460
00:27:41,990 --> 00:27:44,778
are inspired by the surrounding nature.
461
00:27:44,778 --> 00:27:46,890
(speaking in foreign language)
462
00:27:46,890 --> 00:27:51,830
Wild cornflowers, sunflowers, pine cones, and bucolic motifs
463
00:27:51,830 --> 00:27:54,510
blend with her very favorite feminine motifs,
464
00:27:54,510 --> 00:27:57,203
such as pearls, medallions, and bows.
465
00:28:11,501 --> 00:28:13,630
The masterpiece is, of course, the furniture,
466
00:28:13,630 --> 00:28:15,600
decorated with the wheat motif
467
00:28:15,600 --> 00:28:17,900
in the queen's bedroom at the Petit Trianon.
468
00:28:17,900 --> 00:28:19,830
The woodwork is by Jacob.
469
00:28:19,830 --> 00:28:23,530
It is painted in natural tones with jasmine flowers.
470
00:28:23,530 --> 00:28:26,070
Miraculously, these pieces are still upholstered
471
00:28:26,070 --> 00:28:27,583
in the original silk.
472
00:28:31,060 --> 00:28:32,750
Dispersed in the Revolution,
473
00:28:32,750 --> 00:28:36,730
the furniture returned to Versailles 150 years later.
474
00:28:36,730 --> 00:28:39,263
The rare silk coverings still intact.
475
00:28:41,260 --> 00:28:42,840
To decorate her new rooms,
476
00:28:42,840 --> 00:28:46,090
Marie Antoinette commissions numerous works of art
477
00:28:46,090 --> 00:28:48,350
from among the king's best artists.
478
00:28:48,350 --> 00:28:51,410
She personally and carefully selects all the fabrics,
479
00:28:51,410 --> 00:28:54,730
the tapestries, and porcelain vases from Sevres,
480
00:28:54,730 --> 00:28:57,923
making her one of the greatest art patrons of the century.
481
00:28:59,170 --> 00:29:02,450
(anxious music)
482
00:29:02,450 --> 00:29:05,110
The artisans now renovating the queen's house
483
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:07,683
are the heirs of the masters of the past.
484
00:29:08,630 --> 00:29:10,880
They are specialists in technique,
485
00:29:10,880 --> 00:29:14,523
but also in the histories and traditions of their crafts.
486
00:29:15,550 --> 00:29:19,400
The French luxury industry was formed under Louis XIV
487
00:29:19,400 --> 00:29:20,793
to further his prestige.
488
00:29:27,690 --> 00:29:31,570
His Minister Colbert quipped that fashion is to France
489
00:29:31,570 --> 00:29:33,803
what the gold mines of Peru are to Spain.
490
00:29:35,610 --> 00:29:37,590
In the Paris of Marie Antoinette,
491
00:29:37,590 --> 00:29:40,963
30% of workers were employed in luxury trades.
492
00:29:42,820 --> 00:29:46,520
The work requires tastes, the finest of materials,
493
00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:48,403
the most delicate gestures.
494
00:29:57,930 --> 00:29:59,803
And it costs a lot of money.
495
00:30:01,980 --> 00:30:03,384
(thunder rumbling)
496
00:30:03,384 --> 00:30:04,730
(tense music)
497
00:30:04,730 --> 00:30:07,580
When news of her expenses becomes public,
498
00:30:07,580 --> 00:30:09,840
Marie Antoinette's extravagance is blamed
499
00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:11,863
for the shortfall in the royal treasury.
500
00:30:13,900 --> 00:30:15,700
In reality, her expenses
501
00:30:15,700 --> 00:30:17,933
are a tiny part her the national debt,
502
00:30:18,810 --> 00:30:23,538
but this first inkling of discontent darkens her success.
503
00:30:23,538 --> 00:30:25,690
Her garden and palace are beautiful,
504
00:30:25,690 --> 00:30:28,567
but they cost her the sympathy of her subjects.
505
00:30:28,567 --> 00:30:31,067
(light music)
506
00:30:35,040 --> 00:30:37,860
Over 300,000 pounds was spent to transform
507
00:30:37,860 --> 00:30:40,810
the queen's garden, the price of a fine chateau.
508
00:30:40,810 --> 00:30:42,230
Similar sums could be found
509
00:30:42,230 --> 00:30:45,874
on the gaming tables of Petit Trianon at private parties.
510
00:30:45,874 --> 00:30:48,410
(Marie laughing)
511
00:30:48,410 --> 00:30:50,890
Marie Antoinette loves to gamble.
512
00:30:50,890 --> 00:30:52,780
The problem is that in her younger days,
513
00:30:52,780 --> 00:30:56,243
she played a hellish game, winning and losing colossal sums.
514
00:30:57,436 --> 00:31:01,519
(whispering in foreign language)
515
00:31:05,580 --> 00:31:08,230
In 1776, Mercy estimates
516
00:31:08,230 --> 00:31:11,270
the queen's loses at 400,000 pounds,
517
00:31:11,270 --> 00:31:12,973
an unfathomable sum of money.
518
00:31:25,245 --> 00:31:26,409
(speaking in foreign language)
519
00:31:26,409 --> 00:31:29,230
She also spends a great deal on jewelry.
520
00:31:29,230 --> 00:31:32,830
In 1776, she purchases a pair of dangling earrings
521
00:31:32,830 --> 00:31:36,140
with six enormous diamonds from the jewelers to the crown
522
00:31:36,140 --> 00:31:38,423
for 460,000 pounds.
523
00:31:39,620 --> 00:31:43,650
Louis XVI yet again agrees to pay this astronomical sum
524
00:31:43,650 --> 00:31:46,850
from his personal treasury, but on a four-year credit.
525
00:31:46,850 --> 00:31:48,870
This decision will be used against him,
526
00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:52,828
making him look like a week king dominated by his wife.
527
00:31:52,828 --> 00:31:54,810
(gentle music)
528
00:31:54,810 --> 00:31:57,160
But Marie Antoinette was not seeking power.
529
00:31:57,160 --> 00:31:58,320
She was seeking escape
530
00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:01,103
from the empty formal role of French queen.
531
00:32:02,090 --> 00:32:05,490
Ironically, she would hide in plain sight.
532
00:32:05,490 --> 00:32:08,270
Fashion was a kind of play, it was dressing up.
533
00:32:08,270 --> 00:32:10,780
It was being frivolous, it was being whimsical.
534
00:32:10,780 --> 00:32:13,250
It was loosening the strictures
535
00:32:13,250 --> 00:32:15,790
of court formality and protocol,
536
00:32:15,790 --> 00:32:20,330
but fashion gave her a form of public notoriety,
537
00:32:20,330 --> 00:32:23,530
a form of empowerment that she could lay claim to
538
00:32:23,530 --> 00:32:27,180
and really shape the contours of her own identity.
539
00:32:27,180 --> 00:32:28,500
Marie Antoinette's style
540
00:32:28,500 --> 00:32:31,690
was celebrated in early fashion prints.
541
00:32:31,690 --> 00:32:35,293
She was the first supermodel, a true fashion plate.
542
00:32:36,270 --> 00:32:38,500
Marie Antoinette effectively decided
543
00:32:38,500 --> 00:32:39,940
she was gonna make herself
544
00:32:39,940 --> 00:32:44,940
this incredibly splendid, riveting physical object
545
00:32:45,550 --> 00:32:48,721
for all the world to gawk at and to admire.
546
00:32:48,721 --> 00:32:51,221
(tense music)
547
00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:54,790
In fact, Marie Antoinette wasn't fashionable.
548
00:32:54,790 --> 00:32:56,263
She was fashion.
549
00:32:58,010 --> 00:32:59,580
To the queen's good fortune,
550
00:32:59,580 --> 00:33:03,070
the French fashion industry was in full transformation.
551
00:33:03,070 --> 00:33:05,560
Long-restricted to the role of seamstress,
552
00:33:05,560 --> 00:33:07,530
women had taken on the new profession
553
00:33:07,530 --> 00:33:09,810
of marchandes de modes.
554
00:33:09,810 --> 00:33:12,740
Rose Bertin, the most talented and audacious,
555
00:33:12,740 --> 00:33:14,780
would become her trusted collaborator,
556
00:33:14,780 --> 00:33:16,893
her Minister of Fashion.
557
00:33:22,550 --> 00:33:24,780
The two women are a perfect match.
558
00:33:24,780 --> 00:33:28,030
On one hand, Marie Antoinette loves constant style changes
559
00:33:28,030 --> 00:33:31,580
and is dazzled by the designer's never-ending creations.
560
00:33:31,580 --> 00:33:34,690
On the other hand, Rose Bertin, with her flare for business,
561
00:33:34,690 --> 00:33:37,500
sees Marie Antoinette as a rich woman in the public eye
562
00:33:37,500 --> 00:33:39,843
and an ideal model for her new fashions.
563
00:33:43,190 --> 00:33:45,720
Marchandes de modes were not allowed
564
00:33:45,720 --> 00:33:47,640
to make or sell new dresses,
565
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:50,710
but created accessories and adornments.
566
00:33:50,710 --> 00:33:52,190
Their clients could dramatically
567
00:33:52,190 --> 00:33:54,050
change their look from day to day
568
00:33:54,050 --> 00:33:56,340
by adding flounces to their skirts
569
00:33:56,340 --> 00:33:58,490
or ornaments to their hair.
570
00:33:58,490 --> 00:34:01,890
Women's fashion became a means of self-expression.
571
00:34:01,890 --> 00:34:05,090
But it was shocking to have the queen set the style.
572
00:34:05,090 --> 00:34:06,760
Previously, French fashions
573
00:34:06,760 --> 00:34:10,360
were created by women of low birth and low morals,
574
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:13,853
actresses, prostitutes, and royal mistresses.
575
00:34:15,570 --> 00:34:18,170
Louis XVI has no mistress.
576
00:34:18,170 --> 00:34:19,920
In a tragic twist of irony,
577
00:34:19,920 --> 00:34:22,070
this will be held against the two of me,
578
00:34:22,070 --> 00:34:24,670
first, against Louis XVI who appears weak,
579
00:34:24,670 --> 00:34:26,340
provoking the people's contempt,
580
00:34:26,340 --> 00:34:28,323
then against Marie Antoinette herself.
581
00:34:29,280 --> 00:34:32,000
The favorite of the French monarch plays an important role,
582
00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:34,190
providing the people with an escape.
583
00:34:34,190 --> 00:34:36,680
First, she fascinates them, then she's idolized,
584
00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:39,300
then hated, and eventually, disgraced.
585
00:34:39,300 --> 00:34:41,900
Ultimately, Marie Antoinette, always in the limelight,
586
00:34:41,900 --> 00:34:43,520
dressed in the latest fashions,
587
00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:45,880
acts like a royal mistress herself.
588
00:34:45,880 --> 00:34:48,400
Maria Theresa admonishes her in a letter.
589
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:50,840
Why are you acting like Pompadour and du Barry?
590
00:34:50,840 --> 00:34:53,093
You are not his mistress, you are the queen.
591
00:34:54,980 --> 00:34:56,837
Marie Antoinette, Bertin,
592
00:34:56,837 --> 00:34:58,900
and the hairdresser, Leonard
593
00:34:58,900 --> 00:35:01,940
push the boundaries of taste and style to the limit
594
00:35:01,940 --> 00:35:05,150
with their most daring creating, the pouf.
595
00:35:05,150 --> 00:35:08,320
The pouf was the ultimate flexible,
596
00:35:08,320 --> 00:35:11,460
easily-changeable fashion accessory.
597
00:35:11,460 --> 00:35:14,410
It was a towering edifice of hair
598
00:35:14,410 --> 00:35:16,880
where the wearer's hair was kind of teased up
599
00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:20,370
and piled and twisted around an understructure
600
00:35:20,370 --> 00:35:22,910
of chicken wire and horse hair padding
601
00:35:22,910 --> 00:35:25,430
and then different decorative objects
602
00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:27,238
were placed in the pouf.
603
00:35:27,238 --> 00:35:29,738
(light music)
604
00:35:32,060 --> 00:35:34,310
The pouf was a miniature theater
605
00:35:34,310 --> 00:35:36,020
and a personal billboard.
606
00:35:36,020 --> 00:35:39,330
It might communicate sentiments, announce personal events,
607
00:35:39,330 --> 00:35:41,393
or celebrate political causes.
608
00:35:43,500 --> 00:35:46,600
Opinions were worn on the head.,
609
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:49,510
like the pouf in honor of a French naval victory
610
00:35:49,510 --> 00:35:52,373
in the controversial American Revolutionary War.
611
00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:56,510
So, Marie Antoinette wearing a replica
612
00:35:56,510 --> 00:35:58,550
of a victorious French ship
613
00:35:58,550 --> 00:36:02,390
to a big public opera ball in Paris
614
00:36:02,390 --> 00:36:07,390
was her way of essentially endorsing her husband's decision
615
00:36:07,550 --> 00:36:09,510
to enter the American Revolution,
616
00:36:09,510 --> 00:36:11,970
and it was her way of signaling to the French people
617
00:36:11,970 --> 00:36:12,920
that this was a decision
618
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:15,560
that they should all feel good about.
619
00:36:15,560 --> 00:36:17,250
Inevitably, the extravagant
620
00:36:17,250 --> 00:36:20,840
and impractical fashion became the target of ridicule,
621
00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:23,470
as it was adopted by women of every class
622
00:36:23,470 --> 00:36:25,723
and spread to England and Spain.
623
00:36:27,650 --> 00:36:28,580
There are even accounts
624
00:36:28,580 --> 00:36:29,880
of women who couldn't get into
625
00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:32,100
their English-style carriages with low roofs,
626
00:36:32,100 --> 00:36:33,730
who had to travel on their knees
627
00:36:33,730 --> 00:36:35,730
with their head sticking out the window.
628
00:36:39,180 --> 00:36:41,650
Unfortunately, living by the pouf
629
00:36:41,650 --> 00:36:43,373
also meant dying by the pouf.
630
00:36:44,220 --> 00:36:46,040
The poufs Marie Antoinette favored
631
00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:48,320
happened to be covered in powder
632
00:36:48,320 --> 00:36:51,080
and flour was a key ingredient
633
00:36:51,080 --> 00:36:53,613
in the pomade that held her hairstyles in place.
634
00:36:56,300 --> 00:36:58,710
By walking around with these conspicuous
635
00:36:58,710 --> 00:37:00,530
flour-covered hairstyles
636
00:37:00,530 --> 00:37:03,570
at at time of grain and flour shortages,
637
00:37:03,570 --> 00:37:05,910
she looked like she was wearing on her head
638
00:37:07,010 --> 00:37:10,047
food stuffs that her subjects couldn't afford to eat.
639
00:37:10,047 --> 00:37:11,940
(tense music)
640
00:37:11,940 --> 00:37:14,040
Alerted by her ambassador spy,
641
00:37:14,040 --> 00:37:18,483
the Count of Mercy, Maria Theresa tries to regain control.
642
00:37:19,400 --> 00:37:21,700
When will you finally be yourself?
643
00:37:21,700 --> 00:37:25,220
It is degrading for a queen to dress herself up
644
00:37:25,220 --> 00:37:28,530
and even more so if this involves such considerable sums
645
00:37:28,530 --> 00:37:29,850
and in such times.
646
00:37:29,850 --> 00:37:31,600
I cannot be silent.
647
00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:34,553
Loving you for what is good in you and not to flatter you.
648
00:37:37,840 --> 00:37:39,810
Behind all the urgent pleas
649
00:37:39,810 --> 00:37:42,900
and encouragements of Maria Theresa was the fact
650
00:37:42,900 --> 00:37:46,390
that Marie Antoinette and Louis had not produced an heir.
651
00:37:46,390 --> 00:37:49,993
After seven years, the marriage was still unconsummated.
652
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:54,270
The Queen of France has one job,
653
00:37:54,270 --> 00:37:56,313
to produce an heir to the throne.
654
00:37:57,770 --> 00:38:00,770
Maria Theresa fears her daughter may be repudiated,
655
00:38:00,770 --> 00:38:03,670
which would lead to the collapse of a strategy for France.
656
00:38:05,250 --> 00:38:07,280
If the marriage still isn't consummated,
657
00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:09,680
it must mean that they are simply too different.
658
00:38:11,190 --> 00:38:12,740
It's a sort of casting error.
659
00:38:12,740 --> 00:38:14,560
They have very different tastes.
660
00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:16,510
They have opposite personalities.
661
00:38:16,510 --> 00:38:19,980
She is cheerful, and he's rather gloomy.
662
00:38:19,980 --> 00:38:22,000
Even physically, they are opposites.
663
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:25,310
Louis XVI is a huge man of six foot, five,
664
00:38:25,310 --> 00:38:27,879
and she is graceful and delicate.
665
00:38:27,879 --> 00:38:30,580
(tense music)
666
00:38:30,580 --> 00:38:32,340
Rumors abound that the king
667
00:38:32,340 --> 00:38:36,430
is physically deformed or intimidated by a queen
668
00:38:36,430 --> 00:38:39,193
whose eccentric tastes are signs of decadence.
669
00:38:44,250 --> 00:38:48,110
Maria Theresa dispatches her son, Emperor Joseph II,
670
00:38:48,110 --> 00:38:51,103
Marie Antoinette's brother, to resolve the crisis.
671
00:39:01,467 --> 00:39:02,300
Oh.
672
00:39:04,373 --> 00:39:06,730
A delicate discussion with the king
673
00:39:06,730 --> 00:39:10,043
reveals certain failures in the tutoring of his tutors.
674
00:39:11,554 --> 00:39:15,471
(speaking in foreign language)
675
00:39:16,380 --> 00:39:18,610
And a vigorous scolding of his sister
676
00:39:18,610 --> 00:39:20,923
confirms her in her duties.
677
00:39:24,820 --> 00:39:27,470
Joseph reports to his brother Leopold,
678
00:39:27,470 --> 00:39:31,463
problem diagnosed, a timid king, mission accomplished.
679
00:39:35,280 --> 00:39:37,070
He has strong, fine erections.
680
00:39:37,070 --> 00:39:38,320
He introduces his member
681
00:39:38,320 --> 00:39:41,123
and stays there without moving for maybe two minutes,
682
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:44,210
then he pulls out, still hard,
683
00:39:44,210 --> 00:39:46,810
without having released himself, and says goodnight.
684
00:39:48,670 --> 00:39:49,700
He should be whipped
685
00:39:49,700 --> 00:39:52,620
to make him ejaculate in anger like a donkey.
686
00:39:52,620 --> 00:39:56,000
My sister is hardly feisty when it comes to this.
687
00:39:56,000 --> 00:39:57,683
They're two bumbling fools.
688
00:40:06,740 --> 00:40:09,210
I am the happiest I have ever been in my life.
689
00:40:09,210 --> 00:40:10,400
It is already more than a week
690
00:40:10,400 --> 00:40:13,110
since my marriage was consummated, and again since then,
691
00:40:13,110 --> 00:40:16,520
and yesterday, even more fully than the first time.
692
00:40:16,520 --> 00:40:18,010
I don't think I am yet with child,
693
00:40:18,010 --> 00:40:20,543
but at last, I can hope to be, any time now.
694
00:40:26,623 --> 00:40:27,870
(Marie sighs)
695
00:40:27,870 --> 00:40:28,810
Eight months later,
696
00:40:28,810 --> 00:40:30,440
the queen informs her mother
697
00:40:30,440 --> 00:40:32,540
that she's pregnant with the king's child.
698
00:40:34,533 --> 00:40:35,696
(Marie sighs)
699
00:40:35,696 --> 00:40:38,446
(peaceful music)
700
00:40:45,900 --> 00:40:48,940
Spring brings the queen's garden to life
701
00:40:48,940 --> 00:40:50,773
under the benevolent gaze of Cupid.
702
00:40:55,040 --> 00:40:57,523
Verdant poetry, bursts of color,
703
00:40:58,642 --> 00:41:02,007
her garden, the refuge she had dreamed of, embraces her.
704
00:41:05,230 --> 00:41:07,753
She is seduced by her own creation.
705
00:41:19,720 --> 00:41:22,980
And Marie Antoinette welcomes an old friend.
706
00:41:22,980 --> 00:41:24,630
After four years of absence,
707
00:41:24,630 --> 00:41:28,483
Axel von Fersen visits to pay his respects.
708
00:41:30,640 --> 00:41:32,750
She was a dauphine with no important.
709
00:41:32,750 --> 00:41:34,440
When he came back, she was the queen,
710
00:41:34,440 --> 00:41:38,150
and of course, he was still very handsome,
711
00:41:38,150 --> 00:41:40,150
she was still very beautiful,
712
00:41:40,150 --> 00:41:42,850
and they still liked each other a lot.
713
00:41:42,850 --> 00:41:46,210
And it's within a fairly short period of time
714
00:41:46,210 --> 00:41:48,340
that we start getting the rumors at court
715
00:41:48,340 --> 00:41:50,810
that she was in love with him.
716
00:41:50,810 --> 00:41:51,930
They had both fallen
717
00:41:51,930 --> 00:41:54,580
under the enchantment of the garden,
718
00:41:54,580 --> 00:41:58,163
a theater set, carefully arranged for a love story.
719
00:42:00,630 --> 00:42:02,090
There was gossip at Versailles.
720
00:42:02,090 --> 00:42:05,120
People were starting to talk about this relationship
721
00:42:05,120 --> 00:42:07,000
that she was in love with him.
722
00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:09,260
He was always everywhere with her.
723
00:42:09,260 --> 00:42:10,750
So, she would have probably thought,
724
00:42:10,750 --> 00:42:14,060
if I send him away for a few months to a year,
725
00:42:14,060 --> 00:42:16,020
it will all die down,
726
00:42:16,020 --> 00:42:18,853
and then we'll see what happens when he comes back.
727
00:42:20,170 --> 00:42:22,660
I doubt that they thought it would be three years.
728
00:42:22,660 --> 00:42:24,950
He was away for three whole years
729
00:42:24,950 --> 00:42:27,195
in the American War of Independence.
730
00:42:27,195 --> 00:42:29,870
(gentle music)
731
00:42:29,870 --> 00:42:32,390
The queen's garden has served its purpose.
732
00:42:32,390 --> 00:42:34,253
She has fallen in love in it.
733
00:42:40,160 --> 00:42:42,680
December the 19th, 1778,
734
00:42:42,680 --> 00:42:45,950
the corridors of Versailles erupt in pandemonium.
735
00:42:45,950 --> 00:42:49,000
At long last, Marie Antoinette goes into labor.
736
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:51,193
Courtiers rush to her bedside.
737
00:42:52,920 --> 00:42:54,530
It is chaos in the apartments.
738
00:42:54,530 --> 00:42:56,870
Everyone climbs on the tables and up the curtains
739
00:42:56,870 --> 00:42:58,220
to get a better view.
740
00:42:58,220 --> 00:43:00,770
It's the middle of winter and the air is thick,
741
00:43:00,770 --> 00:43:03,200
but since everything has been sealed against draft,
742
00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:05,360
the windows can't be opened.
743
00:43:05,360 --> 00:43:08,660
The birth is a public event because in a hereditary monarchy
744
00:43:08,660 --> 00:43:10,660
where power is transmitted through blood,
745
00:43:10,660 --> 00:43:12,450
everyone must be certain that the child
746
00:43:12,450 --> 00:43:14,673
has not been substituted at birth.
747
00:43:16,600 --> 00:43:19,680
It's a girl, Princess Marie Therese,
748
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:21,123
called Madame Royale,
749
00:43:22,590 --> 00:43:24,260
but all the court bears witness
750
00:43:24,260 --> 00:43:26,240
that after eight years of marriage,
751
00:43:26,240 --> 00:43:28,843
Marie Antoinette has still not produced an heir.
752
00:43:31,640 --> 00:43:32,960
Four months after the birth,
753
00:43:32,960 --> 00:43:34,943
Marie Antoinette falls sick.
754
00:43:35,830 --> 00:43:38,050
She starts shivering, develops canker sores,
755
00:43:38,050 --> 00:43:39,723
and comes down with the measles.
756
00:43:40,990 --> 00:43:42,200
So, she goes to the Trianon
757
00:43:42,200 --> 00:43:45,630
where she surrounds herself with unlikely nurses,
758
00:43:45,630 --> 00:43:48,133
her favorites who are all infatuated with her.
759
00:43:50,620 --> 00:43:53,670
Quarantined with witty and charming young men,
760
00:43:53,670 --> 00:43:54,950
Marie Antoinette reconvenes
761
00:43:54,950 --> 00:43:57,763
the Society of the Queen and Petit Trianon.
762
00:44:00,068 --> 00:44:03,560
This is when rumors of infidelity begin.
763
00:44:03,560 --> 00:44:05,180
People start to wonder if these men
764
00:44:05,180 --> 00:44:07,710
who are alone with Marie Antoinette at the Trianon
765
00:44:07,710 --> 00:44:11,480
are merely friends, or are they special friends?
766
00:44:11,480 --> 00:44:15,140
And why does the queen have such a need to isolate herself?
767
00:44:15,140 --> 00:44:17,013
She must have something to hide.
768
00:44:17,013 --> 00:44:18,907
(speaking in foreign language)
769
00:44:18,907 --> 00:44:21,290
(tense music)
770
00:44:21,290 --> 00:44:23,440
Rather than challenge the accusations,
771
00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:25,320
Marie Antoinette employs a system
772
00:44:25,320 --> 00:44:27,563
to close off the view into her study.
773
00:44:28,520 --> 00:44:30,800
It only increase the curiosity
774
00:44:30,800 --> 00:44:33,133
and the intensity of the rumors.
775
00:44:38,200 --> 00:44:39,450
The root of the problem
776
00:44:39,450 --> 00:44:42,223
is the way Marie Antoinette uses the Trianon.
777
00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:45,700
She behaves like the lady of castle
778
00:44:45,700 --> 00:44:47,573
and closes the doors of the Trianon.
779
00:44:48,760 --> 00:44:50,783
Her permission is required to visit.
780
00:44:53,390 --> 00:44:55,450
It's quite a paradox.
781
00:44:55,450 --> 00:44:56,750
Versailles is open to all.
782
00:44:56,750 --> 00:44:58,937
Anyone who wants to can get inside.
783
00:44:58,937 --> 00:45:02,060
All one needs is a sword and a hat.
784
00:45:02,060 --> 00:45:05,220
At the Trianon, you need the queen's special token.
785
00:45:05,220 --> 00:45:07,430
This is a coin that's presented to the guard
786
00:45:07,430 --> 00:45:10,876
who may or may not grant you access to the estate.
787
00:45:10,876 --> 00:45:12,780
The Court of Versailles doesn't appreciate the idea
788
00:45:12,780 --> 00:45:14,760
that they might be refused entry
789
00:45:14,760 --> 00:45:17,613
and hatred toward Marie Antoinette continues to grow.
790
00:45:18,971 --> 00:45:21,721
(dramatic music)
791
00:45:25,788 --> 00:45:28,570
Starting in 1780, those few selected
792
00:45:28,570 --> 00:45:30,660
for entrance to the Petit Trianon
793
00:45:30,660 --> 00:45:32,750
were offered a new amusement,
794
00:45:32,750 --> 00:45:35,353
a theater built to the queen's orders.
795
00:45:40,550 --> 00:45:44,580
Marie Antoinette always adored music, theater, and dance.
796
00:45:44,580 --> 00:45:46,200
Even as a child in Vienna,
797
00:45:46,200 --> 00:45:48,180
she performed with her brothers and sisters
798
00:45:48,180 --> 00:45:49,833
in the family's private theater.
799
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:54,890
Again, she entrusts Richard Mique
800
00:45:54,890 --> 00:45:56,420
with this new project.
801
00:45:56,420 --> 00:45:58,240
He builds her a smaller paper theater
802
00:45:58,240 --> 00:45:59,693
in shades of blue and gold.
803
00:46:00,690 --> 00:46:02,880
Why a small theater made of paper?
804
00:46:02,880 --> 00:46:06,130
Because everything is in wood painted to look like marble.
805
00:46:06,130 --> 00:46:08,123
Even the sculptures are made of papier-mache
806
00:46:08,123 --> 00:46:09,473
instead of stone.
807
00:46:10,453 --> 00:46:12,170
(peaceful music)
808
00:46:12,170 --> 00:46:14,200
The decor was splendid,
809
00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:16,160
but completely ephemeral.
810
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:19,170
Rumors of precious stones embedded in the walls
811
00:46:19,170 --> 00:46:20,663
were completely unfounded.
812
00:46:24,550 --> 00:46:26,640
However, this tiny theater
813
00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:30,320
is equipped with sophisticated machinery for set changes,
814
00:46:30,320 --> 00:46:32,337
making it a sort of miniature version
815
00:46:32,337 --> 00:46:35,053
of the great Royal Opera of Versailles.
816
00:46:36,165 --> 00:46:38,665
(light music)
817
00:46:41,460 --> 00:46:42,293
She invited
818
00:46:42,293 --> 00:46:45,400
the great troupes of Paris to perform,
819
00:46:45,400 --> 00:46:49,707
the Opera, the Comedie Francaise, the Comedie Italienne.
820
00:46:49,707 --> 00:46:52,457
(gears grinding)
821
00:46:54,950 --> 00:46:57,350
The backdrops were conventional,
822
00:46:57,350 --> 00:47:02,000
a temple, a rich salon, a rustic cottage,
823
00:47:02,000 --> 00:47:05,020
a garden, a dark forest.
824
00:47:05,020 --> 00:47:07,070
Just a few sets accommodated
825
00:47:07,070 --> 00:47:09,373
the entire repertory of the 18th century.
826
00:47:10,690 --> 00:47:13,813
Soon, Marie Antoinette took the stage herself.
827
00:47:15,421 --> 00:47:17,190
Marie Antoinette is accompanied on stage
828
00:47:17,190 --> 00:47:19,340
by what is known as the troupe of lords,
829
00:47:19,340 --> 00:47:20,760
which includes her friends,
830
00:47:20,760 --> 00:47:23,200
but also some of the court nobles,
831
00:47:23,200 --> 00:47:27,233
including Artois and Provence, Louis XVI's two brothers.
832
00:47:28,320 --> 00:47:30,570
They perform in front of 100 people,
833
00:47:30,570 --> 00:47:33,551
an audience made up exclusively of the queen's guests.
834
00:47:33,551 --> 00:47:35,570
(speaking in foreign language)
835
00:47:35,570 --> 00:47:37,260
When there aren't enough guests,
836
00:47:37,260 --> 00:47:40,050
the servants are allowed to watch the performances
837
00:47:40,050 --> 00:47:42,503
from a box screened off by a lattice.
838
00:47:44,550 --> 00:47:46,350
Scandal ensued,
839
00:47:46,350 --> 00:47:48,250
not due to including the servants,
840
00:47:48,250 --> 00:47:50,850
but for excluding the nobles.
841
00:47:50,850 --> 00:47:52,020
The court VIPs,
842
00:47:52,020 --> 00:47:53,790
who under normal circumstances
843
00:47:53,790 --> 00:47:56,840
would follow the queen at all times, are refused entry.
844
00:47:56,840 --> 00:47:57,810
The ladies in waiting
845
00:47:57,810 --> 00:48:00,890
aren't necessarily invited to these performances.
846
00:48:00,890 --> 00:48:03,230
This is something totally new at Versailles,
847
00:48:03,230 --> 00:48:06,510
a queen of France who completely disappears from public life
848
00:48:06,510 --> 00:48:08,060
whenever she is at the Trianon.
849
00:48:09,163 --> 00:48:11,913
(peaceful music)
850
00:48:18,180 --> 00:48:20,010
In the privacy of her domain,
851
00:48:20,010 --> 00:48:24,110
Marie Antoinette creates a parallel court in her own orbit
852
00:48:24,110 --> 00:48:26,090
with a relaxed etiquette
853
00:48:26,090 --> 00:48:29,193
and courtiers chosen by affinity rather than birth.
854
00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:35,060
But in keeping the court at a distance,
855
00:48:35,060 --> 00:48:37,167
Marie Antoinette is closing herself in.
856
00:48:37,167 --> 00:48:41,393
The Petit Trianon, its garden becomes a world in itself.
857
00:48:42,922 --> 00:48:45,890
This is a queen who has her own chateau.
858
00:48:45,890 --> 00:48:48,600
She creates regulations in her own name
859
00:48:48,600 --> 00:48:50,270
proclaimed by the queen,
860
00:48:50,270 --> 00:48:53,160
when normally, this is the king's prerogative.
861
00:48:53,160 --> 00:48:54,610
The origin of the crisis
862
00:48:54,610 --> 00:48:56,713
is this two-headed aspect of the court.
863
00:48:58,047 --> 00:49:01,360
(speaking in foreign language)
864
00:49:01,360 --> 00:49:02,420
Aristocratic factions
865
00:49:02,420 --> 00:49:04,060
opposed to Marie Antoinette
866
00:49:04,060 --> 00:49:07,330
disseminate extravagant tales of debauchery,
867
00:49:07,330 --> 00:49:10,620
assigning the German vice, lesbianism,
868
00:49:10,620 --> 00:49:13,903
to Marie Antoinette and de Polignac.
869
00:49:21,350 --> 00:49:24,770
The sexual slander had political aims.
870
00:49:24,770 --> 00:49:26,530
If she had royal mistresses,
871
00:49:26,530 --> 00:49:30,263
then the king must be weak, impotent, inconsequential.
872
00:49:31,430 --> 00:49:34,300
But Marie Antoinette, nestled in her secret garden,
873
00:49:34,300 --> 00:49:36,951
was impervious to the liables.
874
00:49:36,951 --> 00:49:40,471
(speaking in foreign language)
875
00:49:40,471 --> 00:49:43,221
(women laughing)
876
00:49:44,440 --> 00:49:47,000
For the back-to-nature lifestyle
877
00:49:47,000 --> 00:49:49,020
that Marie Antoinette sought to cultivate,
878
00:49:49,020 --> 00:49:51,480
Rose Bertin pioneered a style
879
00:49:51,480 --> 00:49:54,130
that became the signature look for the Petit Trianon.
880
00:49:56,620 --> 00:49:59,070
This was the chemise or gaulle dress,
881
00:49:59,070 --> 00:50:02,820
a kind of white cotton or muslin almost slip dress
882
00:50:02,820 --> 00:50:04,440
that was relatively unstructured,
883
00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:08,043
but it was a very simple, comfortable style.
884
00:50:09,890 --> 00:50:11,570
Even so simple a dress
885
00:50:11,570 --> 00:50:15,063
could lead to controversy if worn by Marie Antoinette.
886
00:50:17,650 --> 00:50:20,050
A portrait by Elisabeth Vigee Le Brun
887
00:50:20,050 --> 00:50:23,533
presented at the Salon of 1783 proved the point.
888
00:50:24,890 --> 00:50:27,190
By rights, Marie Antoinette should have appeared
889
00:50:27,190 --> 00:50:31,090
in her portrait with all of the accoutrement of royalty,
890
00:50:31,090 --> 00:50:34,630
an ermine robe, a scepter, a crown.
891
00:50:34,630 --> 00:50:39,540
Instead, she posed in gaulle with no marker whatsoever
892
00:50:39,540 --> 00:50:42,450
indicating her royal status.
893
00:50:42,450 --> 00:50:43,650
There were pamphlets published
894
00:50:43,650 --> 00:50:47,040
saying that Marie Antoinette had tricked herself out
895
00:50:47,040 --> 00:50:49,550
like a servant girl, that she looked like a wench
896
00:50:49,550 --> 00:50:52,546
serving lemonade at a roadside stand in the country.
897
00:50:52,546 --> 00:50:54,310
(light music)
898
00:50:54,310 --> 00:50:56,800
To protect it from the outraged public,
899
00:50:56,800 --> 00:50:58,843
the painting was removed from the Salon.
900
00:50:59,850 --> 00:51:01,690
Vigee Le Brun quickly painted
901
00:51:01,690 --> 00:51:03,990
the exact same portrait of the queen
902
00:51:03,990 --> 00:51:07,400
wearing a sumptuous blue silk court dress
903
00:51:07,400 --> 00:51:08,980
where the figure in the painting
904
00:51:08,980 --> 00:51:10,963
looked every inch the queen.
905
00:51:18,520 --> 00:51:21,760
This painting was meant to mollify the French public,
906
00:51:21,760 --> 00:51:23,643
but the damage had been done.
907
00:51:25,160 --> 00:51:26,600
It's paradoxical.
908
00:51:26,600 --> 00:51:28,640
Marie Antoinette in the 1770s,
909
00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:30,710
at the moment of the flour shortages
910
00:51:30,710 --> 00:51:32,630
was criticized by her subjects
911
00:51:32,630 --> 00:51:34,733
for seeming to spend too much money.
912
00:51:35,700 --> 00:51:37,540
Now, she was dressing down,
913
00:51:37,540 --> 00:51:40,900
and now the public was saying that was unworthy of a queen,
914
00:51:40,900 --> 00:51:42,220
that this was undignified,
915
00:51:42,220 --> 00:51:44,560
that was an insult to the institution
916
00:51:44,560 --> 00:51:46,363
she was supposed to represent.
917
00:51:47,320 --> 00:51:51,580
As usual, the queen was detested but imitated.
918
00:51:51,580 --> 00:51:53,880
Women took to the comfortable style.
919
00:51:53,880 --> 00:51:56,380
Little white dresses were everywhere.
920
00:51:56,380 --> 00:51:58,240
But adding fuel for her detractors,
921
00:51:58,240 --> 00:52:00,350
the fashion used imported cotton,
922
00:52:00,350 --> 00:52:03,195
driving the domestic silk industry into a tailspin.
923
00:52:03,195 --> 00:52:05,670
(anxious music)
924
00:52:05,670 --> 00:52:07,000
The silk industry was one
925
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:10,070
of the most important luxury trades in France.
926
00:52:10,070 --> 00:52:12,310
Only silk was worn at Versailles
927
00:52:12,310 --> 00:52:14,710
and the bourgeoisie aped the fashion.
928
00:52:14,710 --> 00:52:16,663
All the world wore French silk,
929
00:52:19,120 --> 00:52:21,593
but suddenly, thousands of jobs were lost.
930
00:52:22,600 --> 00:52:24,460
Rumors spread that the Austrian
931
00:52:24,460 --> 00:52:26,773
was out to destroy the French economy.
932
00:52:30,180 --> 00:52:32,550
Only a few silk producers exist today,
933
00:52:32,550 --> 00:52:35,280
such as De Klerk, still producing trimmings
934
00:52:35,280 --> 00:52:36,850
for the house of the queen,
935
00:52:36,850 --> 00:52:40,043
copied from their vast archive of ancient patterns.
936
00:52:48,811 --> 00:52:52,000
(bell chiming)
937
00:52:52,000 --> 00:52:54,860
In November 1780, the biweekly letters
938
00:52:54,860 --> 00:52:58,275
Marie Antoinette receive from Vienna stopped.
939
00:52:58,275 --> 00:53:00,753
Her mother, Maria Theresa was dead.
940
00:53:02,830 --> 00:53:07,127
No more would she be spied on, no more would she be guided.
941
00:53:07,127 --> 00:53:09,627
(Marie sighs)
942
00:53:13,340 --> 00:53:16,060
11 months later, mourning at an end,
943
00:53:16,060 --> 00:53:19,223
the queen gives birth to her second child, a son.
944
00:53:20,350 --> 00:53:22,140
After 11 years of marriage,
945
00:53:22,140 --> 00:53:25,770
the French throne has its heir, Louis Joseph,
946
00:53:25,770 --> 00:53:27,893
named Marie Antoinette's brother.
947
00:53:29,390 --> 00:53:31,680
This birth saves Marie Antoinette
948
00:53:31,680 --> 00:53:33,780
because she is now untouchable,
949
00:53:33,780 --> 00:53:37,343
having finally fulfilled her duty as Queen of France.
950
00:53:37,343 --> 00:53:40,130
(gentle music)
951
00:53:40,130 --> 00:53:41,410
With the death of her mother
952
00:53:41,410 --> 00:53:44,573
and the birth of her son, a change comes over the queen.
953
00:53:46,430 --> 00:53:49,493
Celebrated by her people, her position is secure.
954
00:53:50,550 --> 00:53:53,680
At 27 years old, sure in her authority,
955
00:53:53,680 --> 00:53:55,810
she looks out further in the garden,
956
00:53:55,810 --> 00:54:00,103
imagines rustic pleasures and embarks on a new project.
957
00:54:02,483 --> 00:54:05,497
(tense music)
958
00:54:05,497 --> 00:54:07,330
(speaking in foreign language)
959
00:54:07,330 --> 00:54:10,043
As usual, Richard Mique is recruited.
960
00:54:14,560 --> 00:54:16,710
He will, again, build a sort of theater,
961
00:54:16,710 --> 00:54:19,820
but this time, the stage will stretch over several acres,
962
00:54:19,820 --> 00:54:22,363
encompassing an entire village.
963
00:54:23,410 --> 00:54:24,820
She wants a village.
964
00:54:24,820 --> 00:54:26,570
She doesn't want to be queen of France.
965
00:54:26,570 --> 00:54:28,860
She wants to be queen of a small village,
966
00:54:28,860 --> 00:54:30,950
and in fact, Marie Antoinette's estate
967
00:54:30,950 --> 00:54:32,450
is the perfect representation
968
00:54:32,450 --> 00:54:35,413
of the small typical local village in the 18th century.
969
00:54:37,330 --> 00:54:38,960
Again, Marie Antoinette
970
00:54:38,960 --> 00:54:40,890
was not inventing on her own.
971
00:54:40,890 --> 00:54:44,023
Several moguls already had villages on their estates.
972
00:54:45,250 --> 00:54:46,920
She visited Chantilly
973
00:54:46,920 --> 00:54:49,040
where the Count of Conde's model village
974
00:54:49,040 --> 00:54:52,323
had seven rustic cottages in the Norman style.
975
00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:55,300
Marie Antoinette thinks big.
976
00:54:55,300 --> 00:54:57,080
She doesn't want a few thatch cottages.
977
00:54:57,080 --> 00:54:58,380
She wants a whole village.
978
00:55:03,545 --> 00:55:04,378
And the whole village
979
00:55:04,378 --> 00:55:06,080
is organized around a pond
980
00:55:06,080 --> 00:55:08,930
in a sort of amphitheater, a semicircle
981
00:55:08,930 --> 00:55:10,810
because the village is designed, above all,
982
00:55:10,810 --> 00:55:12,243
as a new garden decor.
983
00:55:14,290 --> 00:55:15,970
Work begins in 1783.
984
00:55:41,600 --> 00:55:42,990
It will take three years
985
00:55:42,990 --> 00:55:45,300
to complete the 12 buildings,
986
00:55:45,300 --> 00:55:49,773
but the village is hardly more than a stage set.
987
00:55:54,650 --> 00:55:56,640
When Marie Antoinette commissions a village,
988
00:55:56,640 --> 00:56:00,220
the architect understands that this is her dream,
989
00:56:00,220 --> 00:56:03,130
so he designs a dream village.
990
00:56:03,130 --> 00:56:06,455
Everyone is instantly charmed by its simplicity and beauty.
991
00:56:06,455 --> 00:56:09,205
(peaceful music)
992
00:56:40,430 --> 00:56:43,990
After 200 years, the dreams still resonates.
993
00:56:43,990 --> 00:56:46,060
It looks like a rustic retreat,
994
00:56:46,060 --> 00:56:47,580
but it's just a few kilometers
995
00:56:47,580 --> 00:56:49,840
from the Palace of Versailles.
996
00:56:49,840 --> 00:56:52,873
Nothing here is quite what it seems.
997
00:56:52,873 --> 00:56:54,400
(speaking in foreign language)
998
00:56:54,400 --> 00:56:56,750
The Hamlet is a kind of a chateau,
999
00:56:56,750 --> 00:57:00,370
but a deconstructed version with several structures.
1000
00:57:00,370 --> 00:57:03,356
It's a whole new vision of royal architecture.
1001
00:57:03,356 --> 00:57:06,320
(speaking in foreign language)
1002
00:57:06,320 --> 00:57:07,870
Scattered small buildings
1003
00:57:07,870 --> 00:57:10,600
give the illusion of a working village,
1004
00:57:10,600 --> 00:57:12,773
a boudoir and dressing room for the queen,
1005
00:57:14,330 --> 00:57:16,923
a guard house disguised as a peasant cottage,
1006
00:57:18,900 --> 00:57:19,733
a fishery,
1007
00:57:21,290 --> 00:57:24,773
a dairy where fresh milk was served in the finest porcelain,
1008
00:57:27,600 --> 00:57:28,433
a dovecote,
1009
00:57:30,660 --> 00:57:33,270
just across the river, a working farm
1010
00:57:33,270 --> 00:57:35,930
with sheep and goats to serve the dairy
1011
00:57:35,930 --> 00:57:37,503
and fresh eggs for the queen,
1012
00:57:41,180 --> 00:57:44,503
a decorative mill whose wheel never turned.
1013
00:57:46,430 --> 00:57:48,030
So, this construction
1014
00:57:48,030 --> 00:57:50,550
is essentially made for Marie Antoinette
1015
00:57:50,550 --> 00:57:52,413
in line with the tastes of the time.
1016
00:57:53,650 --> 00:57:55,100
It was built for the queen
1017
00:57:55,100 --> 00:57:57,643
and not necessarily built to last over time.
1018
00:58:02,550 --> 00:58:05,200
The centerpiece, the house of the queen,
1019
00:58:05,200 --> 00:58:09,763
shows the effects of weather, time, neglect, and revolution.
1020
00:58:11,540 --> 00:58:14,750
Marie Antoinette spent just three years here.
1021
00:58:14,750 --> 00:58:18,183
For the better part of its existence, it has laid abandoned.
1022
00:58:25,810 --> 00:58:26,760
The Queen's Hamlet
1023
00:58:26,760 --> 00:58:28,610
is clearly the most fragile construction
1024
00:58:28,610 --> 00:58:30,490
in all of Versailles,
1025
00:58:30,490 --> 00:58:33,253
but it's also the one that has received the least care.
1026
00:58:34,140 --> 00:58:36,260
This estate should definitely be maintained
1027
00:58:36,260 --> 00:58:39,320
with a great deal of subtly and intelligence.
1028
00:58:39,320 --> 00:58:42,060
It was once a place for daydreaming.
1029
00:58:42,060 --> 00:58:43,520
We must still be able to dream
1030
00:58:43,520 --> 00:58:45,373
and lose ourselves here today.
1031
00:58:47,980 --> 00:58:50,620
(peaceful music)
1032
00:58:50,620 --> 00:58:52,020
Like every dream,
1033
00:58:52,020 --> 00:58:54,450
the Hamlet is built on muddy ground,
1034
00:58:54,450 --> 00:58:56,850
without foundations out of flimsy
1035
00:58:56,850 --> 00:59:00,833
and perishable materials, completely ephemeral,
1036
00:59:02,200 --> 00:59:05,013
and like a dream, it persists.
1037
00:59:11,100 --> 00:59:12,810
The Hamlet is first represented
1038
00:59:12,810 --> 00:59:14,570
in a remarkable series of albums
1039
00:59:14,570 --> 00:59:17,543
commissioned by the queen as gifts for favored visitors.
1040
00:59:21,940 --> 00:59:24,050
It's presented as the crowning achievement
1041
00:59:24,050 --> 00:59:26,393
in the romantic transformation of her domain.
1042
00:59:29,480 --> 00:59:30,620
(speaking in foreign language)
1043
00:59:30,620 --> 00:59:31,880
The Hamlet was conceived
1044
00:59:31,880 --> 00:59:34,310
as the receptacle of the garden.
1045
00:59:34,310 --> 00:59:37,523
It receives the garden's beauty and reflects it back,
1046
00:59:39,233 --> 00:59:42,620
but the style is rustic, as opposed to the English garden
1047
00:59:42,620 --> 00:59:44,833
with its chic elegant construction.
1048
00:59:49,730 --> 00:59:52,460
The earlier fabrique of the English garden
1049
00:59:52,460 --> 00:59:55,753
looked to the past or to brute nature for inspiration.
1050
00:59:57,200 --> 01:00:00,223
They evoke an antique golden age.
1051
01:00:01,290 --> 01:00:05,170
But the Hamlet is a contemporary pastoral village,
1052
01:00:05,170 --> 01:00:07,053
a golden age in the present.
1053
01:00:09,420 --> 01:00:12,343
The foreground figures are active, enterprising.
1054
01:00:14,400 --> 01:00:15,320
In the other prints,
1055
01:00:15,320 --> 01:00:17,550
the figures have their backs to the viewer.
1056
01:00:17,550 --> 01:00:20,070
All regard the monuments,
1057
01:00:20,070 --> 01:00:22,980
which fill the space like stage sets.
1058
01:00:22,980 --> 01:00:26,373
Everyone is watching, waiting for the show to begin.
1059
01:00:27,674 --> 01:00:30,424
(women laughing)
1060
01:00:40,860 --> 01:00:45,860
Fersen arrived back in France in June 1783.
1061
01:00:46,220 --> 01:00:47,530
His feelings hadn't changed,
1062
01:00:47,530 --> 01:00:50,770
and we know that from a letter that he sent to his sister.
1063
01:00:50,770 --> 01:00:53,590
He wrote, I cannot belong to the only person
1064
01:00:53,590 --> 01:00:57,550
I want to belong to, the only person who truly loves me,
1065
01:00:57,550 --> 01:01:00,560
and so I will not marry.
1066
01:01:00,560 --> 01:01:02,010
She wasn't gonna let him go again.
1067
01:01:02,010 --> 01:01:03,910
If I let him go, that's it, it's over.
1068
01:01:12,380 --> 01:01:15,170
She had a son, so she provided the heir to throne,
1069
01:01:15,170 --> 01:01:18,700
so she'd done her duty as queen,
1070
01:01:18,700 --> 01:01:21,673
and that's when they became lovers.
1071
01:01:35,150 --> 01:01:36,830
He will stand by her side
1072
01:01:36,830 --> 01:01:39,890
as the Revolution rips their lives apart,
1073
01:01:39,890 --> 01:01:43,005
but he will fail to save his damsel in distress.
1074
01:01:43,005 --> 01:01:45,505
(tense music)
1075
01:01:52,403 --> 01:01:54,903
(Marie sighs)
1076
01:01:59,141 --> 01:02:01,724
(sullen music)
1077
01:02:05,597 --> 01:02:09,200
With the Revolution, romanticism will take a new turn.
1078
01:02:09,200 --> 01:02:11,953
The golden age will be looked for in the future,
1079
01:02:13,340 --> 01:02:15,590
and no matter how modern they might seem,
1080
01:02:15,590 --> 01:02:18,930
Fersen and Marie Antoinette will belong to the past.
1081
01:02:32,690 --> 01:02:33,590
Only her dream,
1082
01:02:33,590 --> 01:02:38,167
a village endlessly falling into ruin, survives her.
1083
01:02:44,330 --> 01:02:45,560
It has deteriorated
1084
01:02:45,560 --> 01:02:49,160
mainly because it was neglected for 150 years.
1085
01:02:49,160 --> 01:02:50,490
It's our responsibility
1086
01:02:50,490 --> 01:02:52,713
to preserve its admirable authenticity.
1087
01:02:54,000 --> 01:02:55,540
It is virtually in ruins,
1088
01:02:55,540 --> 01:02:57,473
and we must act before it disappears.
1089
01:03:01,230 --> 01:03:04,230
We're lucky to have incredible documentation on royal homes.
1090
01:03:05,500 --> 01:03:08,420
We know the details of various building processes.
1091
01:03:08,420 --> 01:03:10,620
We have drawings and designs.
1092
01:03:10,620 --> 01:03:12,410
But above and beyond the documentation,
1093
01:03:12,410 --> 01:03:16,011
the primary document is the monument itself.
1094
01:03:16,011 --> 01:03:18,920
(speaking in foreign language)
1095
01:03:18,920 --> 01:03:22,490
Every restoration is an act of archeology.
1096
01:03:22,490 --> 01:03:25,060
The house speaks to several periods,
1097
01:03:25,060 --> 01:03:28,410
restored by Napoleon for his wife Marie Louise,
1098
01:03:28,410 --> 01:03:31,960
repaired under Napoleon III for his Empress Eugenia,
1099
01:03:31,960 --> 01:03:35,153
always undergoing changes in style and function.
1100
01:03:37,340 --> 01:03:38,470
The Queen's Hamlet
1101
01:03:38,470 --> 01:03:40,670
is associated with Marie Antoinette,
1102
01:03:40,670 --> 01:03:43,157
but its story doesn't end with her.
1103
01:03:43,157 --> 01:03:45,539
(speaking in foreign language)
1104
01:03:45,539 --> 01:03:47,310
Versailles was impacted by the French Revolution,
1105
01:03:47,310 --> 01:03:50,170
an important part of French history.
1106
01:03:50,170 --> 01:03:53,160
The restorations and alterations carried out under Napoleon
1107
01:03:53,160 --> 01:03:56,160
are also key historic elements that should not be forgotten.
1108
01:04:02,650 --> 01:04:04,780
In fact, the building's state of abandon
1109
01:04:04,780 --> 01:04:06,610
over the past century and a half
1110
01:04:06,610 --> 01:04:09,693
is undoubtedly its most long-lasting historical feature.
1111
01:04:11,870 --> 01:04:14,280
Deciding among these difference styles and layouts
1112
01:04:14,280 --> 01:04:15,683
is an architectural choice.
1113
01:04:43,850 --> 01:04:45,510
For some six generations,
1114
01:04:45,510 --> 01:04:49,310
the Queen's Hamlet has stood crumbling and abandoned.
1115
01:04:49,310 --> 01:04:50,970
No one alive has ever seen
1116
01:04:50,970 --> 01:04:52,903
that house of the queen furnished.
1117
01:04:59,250 --> 01:05:02,850
At the Revolution, the Hamlet became a den of thieves.
1118
01:05:02,850 --> 01:05:04,310
Marie Antoinette's furnishings
1119
01:05:04,310 --> 01:05:06,147
were destroyed or auctioned off.
1120
01:05:11,290 --> 01:05:13,740
The inventory of Marie Louise's furniture,
1121
01:05:13,740 --> 01:05:15,850
installed some 15 years later,
1122
01:05:15,850 --> 01:05:18,433
is the only guide to the interior decoration.
1123
01:05:22,295 --> 01:05:23,128
(speaking in foreign language)
1124
01:05:23,128 --> 01:05:25,290
We have managed to really recapture
1125
01:05:25,290 --> 01:05:29,010
the spirit of Empress Marie Louise's Hamlet,
1126
01:05:29,010 --> 01:05:30,600
which, it must be said,
1127
01:05:30,600 --> 01:05:34,213
did not betray the spirit of Marie Antoinette's.
1128
01:05:34,213 --> 01:05:36,370
She was, perhaps, a little less elegant
1129
01:05:36,370 --> 01:05:38,750
because the empire's style is stiffer
1130
01:05:38,750 --> 01:05:41,480
with thicker wooden structures,
1131
01:05:41,480 --> 01:05:45,440
but overall, the feminine, antique, graceful,
1132
01:05:45,440 --> 01:05:49,210
and flowery spirit of Marie Antoinette's Hamlet
1133
01:05:49,210 --> 01:05:51,693
can be found in Marie Louise's Hamlet as well.
1134
01:05:54,040 --> 01:05:55,130
On the exterior,
1135
01:05:55,130 --> 01:05:58,073
traces of Marie Antoinette's decor still exist.
1136
01:06:05,930 --> 01:06:07,800
As for the exterior decorations,
1137
01:06:07,800 --> 01:06:10,030
we have known all along that the new building
1138
01:06:10,030 --> 01:06:11,890
built for Marie Antoinette by Mique
1139
01:06:11,890 --> 01:06:13,643
was painted like a theater set.
1140
01:06:16,111 --> 01:06:17,700
The work was done by the same craftsmen
1141
01:06:17,700 --> 01:06:20,050
who created the queen's stage sets,
1142
01:06:20,050 --> 01:06:23,051
intentionally making them look aged over time.
1143
01:06:23,051 --> 01:06:25,551
(tense music)
1144
01:06:36,380 --> 01:06:38,090
The Hamlet's entire set design
1145
01:06:38,090 --> 01:06:41,350
was conceived to be viewed from the other side of the pond,
1146
01:06:41,350 --> 01:06:42,220
in other words,
1147
01:06:42,220 --> 01:06:44,593
as far as 100 meters from certain structures.
1148
01:06:48,230 --> 01:06:50,540
Some visual effects must be exaggerated
1149
01:06:50,540 --> 01:06:52,503
and contrived in order to be seen.
1150
01:06:54,160 --> 01:06:55,740
When I met earlier with the restorers,
1151
01:06:55,740 --> 01:06:57,910
I used these very terms in order to match
1152
01:06:57,910 --> 01:07:00,383
the original provisions for each construction.
1153
01:07:29,645 --> 01:07:31,930
Richard Mique gave a final country touch
1154
01:07:31,930 --> 01:07:34,593
to each cottage, adding small gardens.
1155
01:07:38,380 --> 01:07:41,600
Today's gardeners carefully maintain the vegetable plots,
1156
01:07:41,600 --> 01:07:43,650
keeping them in their original condition.
1157
01:07:46,360 --> 01:07:47,400
Our main objective
1158
01:07:47,400 --> 01:07:50,280
is to restore the Queen's Hamlet to its original state
1159
01:07:50,280 --> 01:07:52,740
by replanting the garden according to the lists
1160
01:07:52,740 --> 01:07:55,590
of flowers and vegetables that were selected at the time.
1161
01:08:04,960 --> 01:08:07,303
If Marie Antoinette were ever to come back one day
1162
01:08:07,303 --> 01:08:09,520
and I were to be standing next to her,
1163
01:08:09,520 --> 01:08:10,880
I would love her to compliment me
1164
01:08:10,880 --> 01:08:13,560
on how well I took care of her garden.
1165
01:08:13,560 --> 01:08:15,290
I really like the idea that a dreamer
1166
01:08:15,290 --> 01:08:18,533
could feel they have traveled back two centuries in time.
1167
01:08:19,413 --> 01:08:22,163
(peaceful music)
1168
01:08:39,980 --> 01:08:42,760
In 1785, her second son,
1169
01:08:42,760 --> 01:08:46,273
little Louis Charles, the future Louis XVII, is born.
1170
01:08:47,395 --> 01:08:50,233
Marie Antoinette is a real model of maternal love.
1171
01:08:51,720 --> 01:08:54,320
She demonstrates her affection for her children,
1172
01:08:54,320 --> 01:08:56,303
both in private and in public.
1173
01:08:57,500 --> 01:08:59,540
She coins nicknames for all of them,
1174
01:08:59,540 --> 01:09:02,670
Mousseline, Madame Serieuse, Chou d'Amour,
1175
01:09:02,670 --> 01:09:05,290
and gets down on all fours to play blind man's bluff
1176
01:09:05,290 --> 01:09:06,590
and other games with them.
1177
01:09:09,400 --> 01:09:11,730
When she turned 30, Marie Antoinette's approach
1178
01:09:11,730 --> 01:09:14,650
to the way she dressed really changed in a dramatic way.
1179
01:09:14,650 --> 01:09:16,480
She was a mother of young children.
1180
01:09:16,480 --> 01:09:18,450
Her complexion, though by all accounts,
1181
01:09:18,450 --> 01:09:20,890
as beautiful as ever, was, in her mind,
1182
01:09:20,890 --> 01:09:24,000
starting to fade a bit.
1183
01:09:24,000 --> 01:09:26,780
Some of the portraits Vigee Le Brun painted of her
1184
01:09:26,780 --> 01:09:30,710
between 1785 and 1787 really showed
1185
01:09:30,710 --> 01:09:35,030
Marie Antoinette's shift to a more mature style.
1186
01:09:35,030 --> 01:09:38,450
She looks like a woman who's comfortable
1187
01:09:38,450 --> 01:09:40,180
with her privileged station
1188
01:09:40,180 --> 01:09:44,463
but who isn't making a big show of her splendor anymore.
1189
01:09:47,430 --> 01:09:50,500
The Hamlet took on the spirit of a homey refuge
1190
01:09:50,500 --> 01:09:52,730
where she took personal responsibility
1191
01:09:52,730 --> 01:09:54,226
for raising her children.
1192
01:09:54,226 --> 01:09:58,059
(singing in foreign language)
1193
01:10:02,150 --> 01:10:05,300
It was an imaginary reproduction of the warmth and freedom
1194
01:10:05,300 --> 01:10:07,313
of her own childhood family life,
1195
01:10:08,740 --> 01:10:11,463
and also, an attempt to redeem her reputation.
1196
01:10:12,490 --> 01:10:15,880
Educating the future king of France was a public service
1197
01:10:15,880 --> 01:10:18,317
fully worthy of her role as queen.
1198
01:10:18,317 --> 01:10:22,150
(singing in foreign language)
1199
01:10:23,911 --> 01:10:25,040
Marie Antoinette makes herself
1200
01:10:25,040 --> 01:10:26,720
available to her children.
1201
01:10:26,720 --> 01:10:28,910
She writes that when she denies them something,
1202
01:10:28,910 --> 01:10:31,940
she always provides an explanation they can understand,
1203
01:10:31,940 --> 01:10:33,730
and with true psychological insight,
1204
01:10:33,730 --> 01:10:35,530
she records their personalities
1205
01:10:35,530 --> 01:10:38,130
and their childhood troubles in great detail.
1206
01:10:38,130 --> 01:10:40,660
For example, she notes that excessive sternness
1207
01:10:40,660 --> 01:10:43,100
only makes Louis Charles dig his heels in
1208
01:10:43,100 --> 01:10:44,990
and that despite his gentle character,
1209
01:10:44,990 --> 01:10:47,410
he is unable to say he is sorry,
1210
01:10:47,410 --> 01:10:49,980
but when he does, it's with tears in his eyes.
1211
01:10:49,980 --> 01:10:52,850
She gives them a modern enlightened education.
1212
01:10:52,850 --> 01:10:55,290
And although she, herself, hated reading as a child,
1213
01:10:55,290 --> 01:10:58,430
she makes them read La Fontaine, Voltaire, and Rousseau.
1214
01:10:58,430 --> 01:11:01,070
She also oversees their spiritual education
1215
01:11:01,070 --> 01:11:03,013
and teaches them values.
1216
01:11:09,151 --> 01:11:11,060
(cowbell ringing)
(cow mooing)
1217
01:11:11,060 --> 01:11:15,190
Marie Antoinette believes the Hamlet has educational value.
1218
01:11:15,190 --> 01:11:16,420
She's intent on showing them
1219
01:11:16,420 --> 01:11:19,143
what she believes to be the realities of peasant life,
1220
01:11:20,200 --> 01:11:21,983
but the Hamlet is just a stage set.
1221
01:11:32,620 --> 01:11:36,537
(speaking in foreign language)
1222
01:11:41,270 --> 01:11:43,937
(rooster crows)
1223
01:11:45,422 --> 01:11:48,784
(both laughing)
1224
01:11:48,784 --> 01:11:50,560
(peaceful music)
1225
01:11:50,560 --> 01:11:51,800
But for critics,
1226
01:11:51,800 --> 01:11:55,590
educating the royal children in a model theatrical farm
1227
01:11:55,590 --> 01:11:57,280
showed a dangerous disconnect
1228
01:11:57,280 --> 01:12:00,363
with the real peasants of the countryside mired in famine.
1229
01:12:02,690 --> 01:12:04,860
What does Marie Antoinette really want?
1230
01:12:04,860 --> 01:12:06,260
She wants to be happy.
1231
01:12:06,260 --> 01:12:07,800
She is searching for happiness
1232
01:12:07,800 --> 01:12:10,264
and this is a modern concept, once again.
1233
01:12:10,264 --> 01:12:13,370
Rousseau expands upon it in his work Confessions,
1234
01:12:13,370 --> 01:12:15,140
this idea that true happiness is found
1235
01:12:15,140 --> 01:12:17,760
in enjoying the small things in day-to-day life,
1236
01:12:17,760 --> 01:12:19,820
a happy family, a happy marriage,
1237
01:12:19,820 --> 01:12:22,130
happiness in friendships and in motherhood.
1238
01:12:22,130 --> 01:12:24,310
The problem is that happiness has never been
1239
01:12:24,310 --> 01:12:26,963
the job description for a queen of France.
1240
01:12:32,850 --> 01:12:33,683
Marie Antoinette's
1241
01:12:33,683 --> 01:12:36,470
domestic pleasure at the Hamlet was only achieved
1242
01:12:36,470 --> 01:12:39,730
by turning her back on everything outside her domain,
1243
01:12:39,730 --> 01:12:41,640
the people clamoring for bread,
1244
01:12:41,640 --> 01:12:43,160
the aristocratic factions
1245
01:12:43,160 --> 01:12:45,943
plotting to influence an indecisive monarch.
1246
01:12:47,600 --> 01:12:49,950
Louis XVI was a weak king.
1247
01:12:49,950 --> 01:12:52,380
The monarchy was weak and falling apart,
1248
01:12:52,380 --> 01:12:55,460
so there were plenty of members,
1249
01:12:55,460 --> 01:12:57,130
even of the royal family itself,
1250
01:12:57,130 --> 01:13:00,850
that were hoping that maybe Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
1251
01:13:00,850 --> 01:13:02,670
could somehow be pushed out of the way
1252
01:13:02,670 --> 01:13:05,146
to make room for a better and stronger king.
1253
01:13:05,146 --> 01:13:07,380
(gentle music)
1254
01:13:07,380 --> 01:13:10,280
As the queen withdraws into bucolic life,
1255
01:13:10,280 --> 01:13:12,120
balls are less frequent.
1256
01:13:12,120 --> 01:13:14,600
She even resolves to abandon the theater,
1257
01:13:14,600 --> 01:13:16,310
planning one last performance
1258
01:13:16,310 --> 01:13:18,410
with her troupe (speaks in foreign language),
1259
01:13:18,410 --> 01:13:20,833
the Barber of Seville by Beaumarchais.
1260
01:13:22,204 --> 01:13:24,210
(peaceful music)
1261
01:13:24,210 --> 01:13:27,390
But the king knows what the queen does not,
1262
01:13:27,390 --> 01:13:29,513
Beaumarchais is a subversive.
1263
01:13:30,890 --> 01:13:32,550
It takes months of entreaties
1264
01:13:32,550 --> 01:13:35,030
before he allows the performance,
1265
01:13:35,030 --> 01:13:36,960
but finally, rehearsals begin
1266
01:13:36,960 --> 01:13:40,443
with Marie Antoinette in the role of the ingenue, Rosine.
1267
01:13:48,810 --> 01:13:50,330
In the middle of rehearsals,
1268
01:13:50,330 --> 01:13:52,550
a scandal breaks that will force the queen
1269
01:13:52,550 --> 01:13:53,883
back into the public eye.
1270
01:13:54,950 --> 01:13:59,000
It involves a diamond necklace of astronomical value,
1271
01:13:59,000 --> 01:14:01,519
an ambitious and venal cardinal, and elaborate hoax.
1272
01:14:01,519 --> 01:14:03,838
It's called the affair of the queen's necklace,
1273
01:14:03,838 --> 01:14:06,295
but the necklace never belonged to the queen.
1274
01:14:06,295 --> 01:14:10,043
The diamond necklace affair
1275
01:14:10,043 --> 01:14:14,950
is a mysterious business straight out of play by Moliere.
1276
01:14:14,950 --> 01:14:16,900
It involves Cardinal de Rohan,
1277
01:14:16,900 --> 01:14:19,717
a ridiculous character who is enamored with the queen
1278
01:14:19,717 --> 01:14:22,510
but is upset because she disapproves of him.
1279
01:14:22,510 --> 01:14:24,400
He falls prey to Madame de la Motte,
1280
01:14:24,400 --> 01:14:27,073
a con artist and unscrupulous adventurer.
1281
01:14:28,230 --> 01:14:30,370
The tale revolves around a nighttime meeting
1282
01:14:30,370 --> 01:14:34,260
where Cardinal de Rohan is introduced by Madame de la Motte
1283
01:14:34,260 --> 01:14:36,850
to a mysterious woman dressed in a gaulle.
1284
01:14:36,850 --> 01:14:39,540
In the darkness, he takes her to be the queen.
1285
01:14:39,540 --> 01:14:42,360
Letters follow under the name of Marie Antoinette
1286
01:14:42,360 --> 01:14:44,703
asking him to procure a necklace for her.
1287
01:14:45,870 --> 01:14:47,410
The jewelers deliver the necklace
1288
01:14:47,410 --> 01:14:50,790
to Cardinal de Rohan who gives it to Madame de la Motte
1289
01:14:50,790 --> 01:14:52,440
to give to the queen.
1290
01:14:52,440 --> 01:14:53,550
Once she has the necklace,
1291
01:14:53,550 --> 01:14:56,823
Madame de la Motte flees to England with the diamonds.
1292
01:14:58,150 --> 01:15:01,760
The jeweler who made it astounded the queen and king
1293
01:15:01,760 --> 01:15:04,300
when he let them know that he would need to be paid
1294
01:15:04,300 --> 01:15:06,950
for the necklace bought on Marie Antoinette's behalf.
1295
01:15:08,240 --> 01:15:10,960
The queen, who has no idea what's going on,
1296
01:15:10,960 --> 01:15:12,920
dismisses the whole thing, saying,
1297
01:15:12,920 --> 01:15:15,030
you must be dreaming, you're crazy.
1298
01:15:15,030 --> 01:15:16,350
Finally, little by little,
1299
01:15:16,350 --> 01:15:19,374
the cardinal realizes that he's been played,
1300
01:15:19,374 --> 01:15:20,643
and a scandal breaks.
1301
01:15:21,740 --> 01:15:24,340
The king, furious to have the name of the queen
1302
01:15:24,340 --> 01:15:27,543
associated with the scandal, has the cardinal arrested.
1303
01:15:30,080 --> 01:15:31,460
An investigation is launched
1304
01:15:31,460 --> 01:15:33,130
by the Parliament in Paris.
1305
01:15:33,130 --> 01:15:35,950
Madame de la Motte is rapidly apprehended.
1306
01:15:35,950 --> 01:15:38,600
This proves a terrible trap for the queen.
1307
01:15:38,600 --> 01:15:39,690
The coup de grace comes
1308
01:15:39,690 --> 01:15:41,820
when Parliament announces its verdict
1309
01:15:41,820 --> 01:15:43,373
and acquits Cardinal de Rohan.
1310
01:15:45,500 --> 01:15:48,880
Crucially and disastrously for Marie Antoinette,
1311
01:15:48,880 --> 01:15:53,880
the fake queen, who hornswoggled the Cardinal de Rohan,
1312
01:15:53,887 --> 01:15:56,030
was dressed in a gaulle,
1313
01:15:56,030 --> 01:15:59,140
and the gaulle was this sartorial smoking gun
1314
01:15:59,140 --> 01:16:01,500
in the case that was brought against her
1315
01:16:01,500 --> 01:16:03,193
in the court of public opinion.
1316
01:16:04,200 --> 01:16:06,570
It was thought that because Marie Antoinette
1317
01:16:06,570 --> 01:16:09,210
was the kind of woman who would run around
1318
01:16:09,210 --> 01:16:12,380
in the gardens in a nightgown after dark,
1319
01:16:12,380 --> 01:16:14,900
a myth that her time at the Petit Trianon
1320
01:16:14,900 --> 01:16:16,620
had certainly fostered,
1321
01:16:16,620 --> 01:16:19,850
she somehow seemed like she was guilty in the swindle,
1322
01:16:19,850 --> 01:16:21,870
even though she had had no knowledge of it
1323
01:16:21,870 --> 01:16:23,863
and had had nothing to do with it.
1324
01:16:24,810 --> 01:16:25,920
The affair is the great
1325
01:16:25,920 --> 01:16:28,420
media sensation of the 18th century.
1326
01:16:28,420 --> 01:16:32,140
The press mercilessly inflames the public against her.
1327
01:16:32,140 --> 01:16:35,493
If the cardinal is innocent, the queen must be guilty.
1328
01:16:38,100 --> 01:16:40,720
The pamphleteers go to town,
1329
01:16:40,720 --> 01:16:42,960
extremely violent caricatures are published
1330
01:16:42,960 --> 01:16:44,830
attacking the queen's expenditure
1331
01:16:44,830 --> 01:16:46,560
and her private life as well.
1332
01:16:46,560 --> 01:16:50,030
She's accused of having affairs with both men and women,
1333
01:16:50,030 --> 01:16:51,750
of being a harlot.
1334
01:16:51,750 --> 01:16:53,460
The drawings are incredibly offensive
1335
01:16:53,460 --> 01:16:56,533
and some truly pornographic images are passed around.
1336
01:16:57,665 --> 01:17:00,248
(somber music)
1337
01:17:10,520 --> 01:17:12,700
But the press is simply a relay.
1338
01:17:12,700 --> 01:17:15,490
These accusations are coming from much higher up,
1339
01:17:15,490 --> 01:17:19,110
directly from the court and even from the royal family.
1340
01:17:19,110 --> 01:17:22,050
Madame Adelaide, one of the Louis XV's daughters,
1341
01:17:22,050 --> 01:17:23,970
coins the nickname, the Austrian,
1342
01:17:23,970 --> 01:17:26,660
which will follow Marie Antoinette to the gallows,
1343
01:17:26,660 --> 01:17:29,160
and the Count du Provence, her own brother-in-law
1344
01:17:29,160 --> 01:17:32,063
openly questions Louis XVI's paternity.
1345
01:17:33,080 --> 01:17:35,100
And the court, doing its best each day
1346
01:17:35,100 --> 01:17:37,580
to further the slander and discredit the queen,
1347
01:17:37,580 --> 01:17:40,820
never imagines the political consequences,
1348
01:17:40,820 --> 01:17:43,793
which will eventually lead to its own destruction.
1349
01:17:45,241 --> 01:17:47,824
(sullen music)
1350
01:17:51,200 --> 01:17:53,060
In July 1786,
1351
01:17:53,060 --> 01:17:56,010
with her popularity at an all-time low,
1352
01:17:56,010 --> 01:17:57,460
Marie Antoinette gives birth
1353
01:17:57,460 --> 01:18:00,250
to her last child, Sophie Beatrix.
1354
01:18:03,140 --> 01:18:06,253
Just 11 months later, the infant dies.
1355
01:18:07,850 --> 01:18:10,760
In the monumental family portrait by Vigee Le Brun,
1356
01:18:10,760 --> 01:18:13,963
the little princess is memorialized by an empty crib.
1357
01:18:15,440 --> 01:18:17,783
Her brother points to the void.
1358
01:18:19,180 --> 01:18:20,350
She is devastated
1359
01:18:20,350 --> 01:18:23,800
by the loss of her last child in 1787,
1360
01:18:23,800 --> 01:18:25,520
but at court, no one understands
1361
01:18:25,520 --> 01:18:28,083
how she could be so saddened over just a baby.
1362
01:18:29,270 --> 01:18:31,380
But the court shows much more interest
1363
01:18:31,380 --> 01:18:34,923
in the health of her first son, the heir to the throne.
1364
01:18:36,502 --> 01:18:39,650
The ordeals multiply for this loving mother,
1365
01:18:39,650 --> 01:18:40,943
and now the health of the dauphin,
1366
01:18:40,943 --> 01:18:42,863
heir to the throne, is declining.
1367
01:18:43,790 --> 01:18:47,150
He suffers from bone tuberculosis and has stopped growing.
1368
01:18:47,150 --> 01:18:49,113
The anatomist Petit makes him a sort of corset
1369
01:18:49,113 --> 01:18:50,960
that he has to wear every day,
1370
01:18:50,960 --> 01:18:52,623
which causes him terrible pain.
1371
01:18:53,626 --> 01:18:56,209
(sullen music)
1372
01:19:01,530 --> 01:19:03,240
One year before the Revolution,
1373
01:19:03,240 --> 01:19:04,770
Marie Antoinette takes her family
1374
01:19:04,770 --> 01:19:07,280
on a last summer retreat to the Petit Trianon.
1375
01:19:09,040 --> 01:19:11,740
She is surrounded by her society of friends,
1376
01:19:11,740 --> 01:19:14,170
but the mood is somber.
1377
01:19:14,170 --> 01:19:15,880
There are few festivities.
1378
01:19:15,880 --> 01:19:17,390
Her heart is not in it.
1379
01:19:17,390 --> 01:19:20,873
Political realities can no longer be kept at a distance.
1380
01:19:24,210 --> 01:19:26,670
The Petit Trianon, like the Queen's Hamlet,
1381
01:19:26,670 --> 01:19:29,910
isolates Marie Antoinette more and more from reality.
1382
01:19:29,910 --> 01:19:31,520
Even what she sees from her window
1383
01:19:31,520 --> 01:19:33,640
is just a sort of theater.
1384
01:19:33,640 --> 01:19:35,350
Holed up inside her estate,
1385
01:19:35,350 --> 01:19:38,560
she doesn't see the ideological revolution taking place.
1386
01:19:38,560 --> 01:19:40,270
She doesn't hear of the new ideas
1387
01:19:40,270 --> 01:19:42,810
promoted by the men of the Enlightenment,
1388
01:19:42,810 --> 01:19:45,210
nor does she hear the rumblings in the capital
1389
01:19:45,210 --> 01:19:46,660
growing closer to Versailles.
1390
01:19:48,565 --> 01:19:53,565
(tense music)
(thunder rumbling)
1391
01:19:55,090 --> 01:19:58,890
In the mid-1780s, the French treasury's accounting books
1392
01:19:58,890 --> 01:20:01,120
were made public for the first time,
1393
01:20:01,120 --> 01:20:03,500
and the French people were shocked to discover
1394
01:20:03,500 --> 01:20:07,290
that the crown was running a gigantic deficit.
1395
01:20:07,290 --> 01:20:11,950
Marie Antoinette, even though she was living a bucolic life
1396
01:20:11,950 --> 01:20:14,560
mostly away from the splendor and formality of court,
1397
01:20:14,560 --> 01:20:16,560
became a convenient lightning rod
1398
01:20:16,560 --> 01:20:20,700
for public anger about how broke the crown was.
1399
01:20:20,700 --> 01:20:25,163
She was being reviled in the French press as Madame Deficit.
1400
01:20:29,412 --> 01:20:30,530
Marie Antoinette is not
1401
01:20:30,530 --> 01:20:34,330
just accused of reckless spending, she's accused of causing
1402
01:20:34,330 --> 01:20:37,343
the kingdom's catastrophic financial state.
1403
01:20:38,568 --> 01:20:41,556
(thunder rumbling)
1404
01:20:41,556 --> 01:20:42,514
Marie Antoinette
1405
01:20:42,514 --> 01:20:44,240
reduces her spending at home.
1406
01:20:44,240 --> 01:20:46,710
Gambling and games are forbidden in the salons.
1407
01:20:46,710 --> 01:20:48,370
She cuts back on the stables.
1408
01:20:48,370 --> 01:20:49,820
She lets go of Madame Bertin.
1409
01:20:50,810 --> 01:20:53,130
But these efforts go virtually unnoticed
1410
01:20:53,130 --> 01:20:57,090
amidst the general turmoil, and it is too late anyway.
1411
01:20:57,090 --> 01:20:58,400
Too late is the phrase
1412
01:20:58,400 --> 01:21:00,733
that will describe all of her efforts.
1413
01:21:01,977 --> 01:21:04,477
(tense music)
1414
01:21:14,460 --> 01:21:15,650
The financial crisis
1415
01:21:15,650 --> 01:21:18,920
was only worsened by an indecisive king.
1416
01:21:18,920 --> 01:21:21,440
Counselors pulled him in opposing directions.
1417
01:21:21,440 --> 01:21:23,163
The government ground to a halt.
1418
01:21:24,250 --> 01:21:26,990
A vacuum was forming in the heart of the monarchy,
1419
01:21:26,990 --> 01:21:28,750
a vacuum that would inevitably
1420
01:21:28,750 --> 01:21:31,263
draw Marie Antoinette back to the chateau.
1421
01:21:34,340 --> 01:21:36,850
The queen has dishonored herself.
1422
01:21:36,850 --> 01:21:39,540
This is how the French people see Marie Antoinette.
1423
01:21:41,010 --> 01:21:43,970
The queen is the target of all accusations.
1424
01:21:43,970 --> 01:21:45,840
She has become a martyr queen,
1425
01:21:45,840 --> 01:21:48,160
which is how the myth is born.
1426
01:21:48,160 --> 01:21:51,493
All the blame is put on her, much more than on Louis XVI.
1427
01:21:54,820 --> 01:21:55,910
The queen can no longer
1428
01:21:55,910 --> 01:21:58,550
turn her back on the growing crisis.
1429
01:21:58,550 --> 01:22:00,900
For the first time, she enters politics,
1430
01:22:00,900 --> 01:22:04,750
inviting Jacques Necker, a popular finance minister
1431
01:22:04,750 --> 01:22:06,900
dismissed by the king years earlier,
1432
01:22:06,900 --> 01:22:09,303
to sort out the problems of the treasury.
1433
01:22:13,770 --> 01:22:14,700
(Marie sighs)
1434
01:22:14,700 --> 01:22:16,960
A letter addressed to the Austrian ambassador
1435
01:22:16,960 --> 01:22:19,513
finds her resigned but determined.
1436
01:22:21,440 --> 01:22:22,947
I have written to Mr. Necker,
1437
01:22:22,947 --> 01:22:25,030
asking him to come here tomorrow.
1438
01:22:25,030 --> 01:22:26,770
There is no time to waste.
1439
01:22:26,770 --> 01:22:28,820
The sooner he begins working, the better.
1440
01:22:30,020 --> 01:22:32,280
The situation is urgent.
1441
01:22:32,280 --> 01:22:34,510
I tremble, forgive me my weakness.
1442
01:22:34,510 --> 01:22:36,423
It is I who seek to bring him back.
1443
01:22:38,430 --> 01:22:40,840
It is my fate to bring bad luck,
1444
01:22:40,840 --> 01:22:43,570
and if the infernal machinations cause him to fail again
1445
01:22:43,570 --> 01:22:45,570
or to weaken the authority of the king,
1446
01:22:45,570 --> 01:22:46,970
they will hate me even more.
1447
01:22:52,020 --> 01:22:55,625
Necker will not prove the savior she hopes for.
1448
01:22:55,625 --> 01:22:56,700
(attendees chattering)
1449
01:22:56,700 --> 01:22:59,460
The Estates General, a national convention
1450
01:22:59,460 --> 01:23:02,240
called by the king to resolve the issue of taxation,
1451
01:23:02,240 --> 01:23:04,960
convenes in May 1789.
1452
01:23:04,960 --> 01:23:07,453
It will become the vehicle for revolution.
1453
01:23:09,927 --> 01:23:12,510
(sullen music)
1454
01:23:13,920 --> 01:23:16,800
Just one month after the sitting of the Estates General,
1455
01:23:16,800 --> 01:23:19,780
on the night of June the 3rd, 1789,
1456
01:23:19,780 --> 01:23:23,870
personal tragedy compounds political crisis.
1457
01:23:23,870 --> 01:23:25,560
The Dauphin Louis Joseph,
1458
01:23:25,560 --> 01:23:28,533
Marie Antoinette seven-year-old son, dies.
1459
01:23:29,560 --> 01:23:33,400
The Estates General refuses to acknowledge the king's pain.
1460
01:23:33,400 --> 01:23:35,583
There is no pause in the proceedings.
1461
01:24:37,840 --> 01:24:40,090
If there was a single time the king broke his word
1462
01:24:40,090 --> 01:24:42,300
and came to the queen's domain unannounced,
1463
01:24:42,300 --> 01:24:44,650
it might have been this moment,
1464
01:24:44,650 --> 01:24:48,100
when the outlines of their shared destiny first took shape
1465
01:24:48,100 --> 01:24:49,250
in the gathering gloom.
1466
01:25:04,059 --> 01:25:06,559
(tense music)
1467
01:25:31,990 --> 01:25:34,383
It's Marie Antoinette's last day at Versailles.
1468
01:25:35,280 --> 01:25:37,863
Never again will she see her secret refuge.
1469
01:25:41,510 --> 01:25:44,780
After 19 years, she again confronts
1470
01:25:44,780 --> 01:25:48,897
the palace she has neither conquered nor escaped.
1471
01:25:48,897 --> 01:25:51,397
(Marie sighs)
1472
01:25:53,620 --> 01:25:56,540
Of her family, only her daughter, Madame Royale,
1473
01:25:56,540 --> 01:25:57,983
will survive the Revolution.
1474
01:26:00,080 --> 01:26:01,730
Mique will be guillotined.
1475
01:26:01,730 --> 01:26:04,350
Rose Bertin we'll find exiled in London.
1476
01:26:04,350 --> 01:26:05,610
Fersen will be murdered
1477
01:26:05,610 --> 01:26:07,077
by a Swedish (speaks in foreign language).
1478
01:26:08,956 --> 01:26:10,440
And the Hamlet will be saved
1479
01:26:10,440 --> 01:26:14,333
by the queen's gardener, Antoine Richard, loyal to the end.
1480
01:26:23,900 --> 01:26:25,870
As for the house of the queen,
1481
01:26:25,870 --> 01:26:27,700
it will wait over two centuries
1482
01:26:27,700 --> 01:26:31,210
for the renovation that revives its original splendor.
1483
01:26:31,210 --> 01:26:33,710
(tense music)
1484
01:26:56,959 --> 01:26:59,876
(speaking faintly)
1485
01:27:59,486 --> 01:28:02,236
(peaceful music)
1486
01:28:21,820 --> 01:28:26,820
Like every tale of destiny, Versailles and Marie Antoinette
1487
01:28:27,500 --> 01:28:29,483
is a story that does not end.
1488
01:28:30,730 --> 01:28:32,443
It is fulfilled.
116232
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