Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
1
00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:06,240
the ancient egyptian civilization lasted
2
00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:08,240
for over 3 000 years and became one of
3
00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:12,000
the most powerful and iconic
4
00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:12,000
civilizations in history
5
00:00:12,880 --> 00:00:17,680
at its height ancient egypt's empire
6
00:00:15,599 --> 00:00:21,520
stretched as far north as modern-day
7
00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:24,400
syria and as far south as today's sudan
8
00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:27,039
but long before it was an empire ancient
9
00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:29,359
egypt was a series of small independent
10
00:00:27,039 --> 00:00:31,599
city-states that bloomed along north
11
00:00:29,359 --> 00:00:33,600
africa's nile river
12
00:00:31,599 --> 00:00:35,760
the city-states were divided into two
13
00:00:33,600 --> 00:00:36,960
regions and named according to the flow
14
00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,879
of the nile
15
00:00:36,960 --> 00:00:41,360
upper egypt in the south which was
16
00:00:38,879 --> 00:00:43,200
upstream and lower egypt in the north
17
00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:47,360
which was downstream
18
00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:49,840
by about 3100 bc the two halves united
19
00:00:47,360 --> 00:00:52,239
thereby creating one egyptian state that
20
00:00:49,840 --> 00:00:54,160
lasted for millennia
21
00:00:52,239 --> 00:00:56,480
the reign of the civilization can be
22
00:00:54,160 --> 00:00:59,440
divided into three major periods of
23
00:00:56,480 --> 00:01:02,320
prosperity called the old middle and new
24
00:00:59,440 --> 00:01:04,720
kingdoms and two periods of instability
25
00:01:02,320 --> 00:01:07,920
in between called the first and second
26
00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:07,920
intermediate periods
27
00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:13,840
guiding the egyptian people was a
28
00:01:10,240 --> 00:01:16,640
succession of about 300 rulers often
29
00:01:13,840 --> 00:01:19,040
referred to as pharaohs
30
00:01:16,640 --> 00:01:21,759
pharaoh which means great house in
31
00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:24,560
egyptian was never the ruler's formal
32
00:01:21,759 --> 00:01:27,600
title it only became synonymous with the
33
00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:30,560
ruling individual in modern times thanks
34
00:01:27,600 --> 00:01:33,600
to its use in the hebrew bible
35
00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:36,000
these rulers who were not always men nor
36
00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:38,960
egyptian were considered protectors of
37
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:41,119
the people and served as divine liaisons
38
00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:44,079
between humanity and the hundreds of
39
00:01:41,119 --> 00:01:46,240
gods they worshipped
40
00:01:44,079 --> 00:01:48,320
after the rulers passed away
41
00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:50,000
ancient egyptians believed they then
42
00:01:48,320 --> 00:01:51,600
became gods
43
00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:53,840
to prepare their journey into the
44
00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:56,159
afterlife the rulers constructed
45
00:01:53,840 --> 00:01:58,640
elaborate tombs including the great
46
00:01:56,159 --> 00:02:01,759
pyramids at giza and underground
47
00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:03,920
mausoleums in the valley of the kings
48
00:02:01,759 --> 00:02:06,479
rulers filled their tombs with all the
49
00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:09,119
items they could need in the afterlife
50
00:02:06,479 --> 00:02:10,000
including gold jewelry
51
00:02:09,119 --> 00:02:10,879
food
52
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:13,760
drink
53
00:02:10,879 --> 00:02:15,920
and even pets
54
00:02:13,760 --> 00:02:19,120
preparing for this journey to the gods
55
00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:21,920
also involved mummifying one's body
56
00:02:19,120 --> 00:02:24,800
the deceased's corpse was embalmed
57
00:02:21,920 --> 00:02:27,040
wrapped in hundreds of yards of linen
58
00:02:24,800 --> 00:02:30,800
and placed inside the tomb so the body
59
00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:33,360
could be reanimated in the afterlife
60
00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:35,519
to this day structures like the great
61
00:02:33,360 --> 00:02:39,360
pyramids are a testament to the role of
62
00:02:35,519 --> 00:02:41,599
religion in ancient egyptians lives
63
00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:43,519
but they also represent the innovative
64
00:02:41,599 --> 00:02:45,840
and cultural might of the egyptian
65
00:02:43,519 --> 00:02:48,000
people
66
00:02:45,840 --> 00:02:50,239
innovations in mathematics and written
67
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:52,720
language in particular propelled their
68
00:02:50,239 --> 00:02:54,879
civilization to success
69
00:02:52,720 --> 00:02:57,840
math specifically measurement
70
00:02:54,879 --> 00:02:59,840
mathematics helped egyptians understand
71
00:02:57,840 --> 00:03:03,519
and harness their world with numbers
72
00:02:59,840 --> 00:03:05,599
like no other civilization had before
73
00:03:03,519 --> 00:03:08,159
they developed a new form of measurement
74
00:03:05,599 --> 00:03:10,239
called the qubit it was used to design
75
00:03:08,159 --> 00:03:12,720
massive structures such as the great
76
00:03:10,239 --> 00:03:14,800
pyramid with remarkable geometrical
77
00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:17,280
precision
78
00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:20,080
the egyptians also measured time by
79
00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:22,560
combining mathematics with astronomy
80
00:03:20,080 --> 00:03:24,560
they established a 24-hour division to
81
00:03:22,560 --> 00:03:26,959
the day
82
00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:29,120
and created a solar calendar which was
83
00:03:26,959 --> 00:03:33,840
the first dating system in history to
84
00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:33,840
feature 365 days in one year
85
00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:39,360
lastly egyptians developed methods to
86
00:03:36,879 --> 00:03:40,319
measure and survey land around the nile
87
00:03:39,360 --> 00:03:42,400
river
88
00:03:40,319 --> 00:03:45,440
these civil engineering feats made way
89
00:03:42,400 --> 00:03:47,920
for the construction of dams canals and
90
00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:50,159
irrigation systems that helped farming
91
00:03:47,920 --> 00:03:52,560
and agriculture to flourish in the nile
92
00:03:50,159 --> 00:03:52,560
valley
93
00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:58,239
in addition to mathematical concepts the
94
00:03:55,760 --> 00:04:00,239
ancient egyptians also created written
95
00:03:58,239 --> 00:04:02,720
languages to describe the world around
96
00:04:00,239 --> 00:04:04,799
them the oldest and probably most
97
00:04:02,720 --> 00:04:06,560
well-known of these is hieroglyphic
98
00:04:04,799 --> 00:04:09,680
writing
99
00:04:06,560 --> 00:04:12,799
this system was developed around 3150 bc
100
00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:15,200
during the old kingdom and has over 700
101
00:04:12,799 --> 00:04:17,519
pictorial characters
102
00:04:15,200 --> 00:04:19,759
it was used to inscribe monuments and
103
00:04:17,519 --> 00:04:23,040
pottery and predominantly served a
104
00:04:19,759 --> 00:04:25,600
decorative or ceremonial purpose
105
00:04:23,040 --> 00:04:28,320
soon after another ancient form of
106
00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:30,479
writing called hieratic developed out of
107
00:04:28,320 --> 00:04:32,160
the hieroglyphic system
108
00:04:30,479 --> 00:04:34,080
it was a form of cursive that was
109
00:04:32,160 --> 00:04:35,680
written in ink and served a more
110
00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:38,240
functional purpose
111
00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:40,639
unlike its more formal predecessor
112
00:04:38,240 --> 00:04:43,919
hieratic was written on another ancient
113
00:04:40,639 --> 00:04:46,320
egyptian innovation papyrus
114
00:04:43,919 --> 00:04:49,040
papyrus was a type of paper derived from
115
00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:51,280
the papyrus plant which grew plentifully
116
00:04:49,040 --> 00:04:53,600
along the nile river
117
00:04:51,280 --> 00:04:55,919
this medium gave the ancient egyptians a
118
00:04:53,600 --> 00:04:57,360
new avenue of communication and record
119
00:04:55,919 --> 00:04:59,520
keeping that allowed their
120
00:04:57,360 --> 00:05:01,919
civilization's administrative skill to
121
00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:04,880
grow and their culture to spread for
122
00:05:01,919 --> 00:05:08,400
thousands of years
123
00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:11,039
as with all great empires ancient egypt
124
00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:13,520
came to an end it was eventually
125
00:05:11,039 --> 00:05:15,759
conquered after a series of invasions
126
00:05:13,520 --> 00:05:18,880
including those by the persian empire in
127
00:05:15,759 --> 00:05:21,759
the 4th century bc and the roman empire
128
00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:23,840
around 30 bc
129
00:05:21,759 --> 00:05:27,120
not many civilizations can claim a
130
00:05:23,840 --> 00:05:28,800
lifespan of over 3000 years let alone
131
00:05:27,120 --> 00:05:30,720
one that made vast cultural
132
00:05:28,800 --> 00:05:33,360
contributions that still resonate in
133
00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:35,759
modern times
134
00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:38,160
ancient egypt with its linguistic and
135
00:05:35,759 --> 00:05:40,960
mathematical innovations
136
00:05:38,160 --> 00:05:43,360
spirituality and religion
137
00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,400
and extensive political and military
138
00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:46,080
might
139
00:05:44,400 --> 00:05:50,280
set a high standard for all
140
00:05:46,080 --> 00:05:50,280
civilizations that followed
141
00:05:58,330 --> 00:06:15,280
[Music]
142
00:06:13,199 --> 00:06:15,280
you10008
Can't find what you're looking for?
Get subtitles in any language from opensubtitles.com, and translate them here.