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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,074 Advertise your product or brand here contact www.SubtitleDB.org today 2 00:00:20,587 --> 00:00:25,587 Subtitles by explosiveskull 3 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:40,931 It was 1945. 4 00:00:40,933 --> 00:00:42,367 The war was over. 5 00:00:52,267 --> 00:00:53,767 Slowly, painfully, 6 00:00:56,933 --> 00:01:00,100 life came back to the ruins of Europe. 7 00:01:16,167 --> 00:01:19,667 The war was over, but there was no peace. 8 00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:24,900 Despair crouched over the continent. 9 00:01:26,267 --> 00:01:30,033 Hopelessness circled Europe like a bird of prey. 10 00:01:31,700 --> 00:01:32,567 Why? 11 00:01:33,933 --> 00:01:35,667 What were the forces? 12 00:01:37,133 --> 00:01:39,831 What were the issues in a war that turned nations 13 00:01:39,833 --> 00:01:43,733 into rubble heaps and populations into beggars. 14 00:01:47,233 --> 00:01:49,231 The people wanted the answers. 15 00:01:49,233 --> 00:01:52,800 They wanted to know what happened and why. 16 00:01:56,467 --> 00:01:59,031 In the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg, 17 00:01:59,033 --> 00:02:01,465 the people of the world came together, 18 00:02:01,467 --> 00:02:05,398 for there sat the international military tribunal 19 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:09,331 to judge the chief Nazi war criminals. 20 00:03:11,167 --> 00:03:15,131 Justice Robert H. Jackson, the chief American prosecutor 21 00:03:15,133 --> 00:03:17,965 makes the opening statement for the prosecution. 22 00:03:17,967 --> 00:03:19,565 The privilege of opening 23 00:03:19,567 --> 00:03:21,698 the first trial in history. 24 00:03:21,700 --> 00:03:24,365 The privilege of opening the first trial 25 00:03:24,367 --> 00:03:28,231 in history for crimes against the peace of the world 26 00:03:28,233 --> 00:03:31,231 imposes a grave responsibility. 27 00:03:31,233 --> 00:03:34,398 The wrongs, which we seek to condemn and punish 28 00:03:34,400 --> 00:03:38,731 have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating 29 00:03:38,733 --> 00:03:42,365 that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored, 30 00:03:42,367 --> 00:03:45,565 because it cannot survive their being repeated. 31 00:03:45,567 --> 00:03:49,098 That four great nations, flushed with victory 32 00:03:49,100 --> 00:03:52,698 and stung with injury, stay the hand of vengeance 33 00:03:52,700 --> 00:03:55,765 and voluntarily submit their captive enemies 34 00:03:55,767 --> 00:03:59,198 to the judgment of the law is one of the most significant 35 00:03:59,200 --> 00:04:02,900 tributes that power has ever paid to reason. 36 00:04:04,033 --> 00:04:07,031 This inquest represents the practical effort 37 00:04:07,033 --> 00:04:10,565 of four of the most mighty of nations with the support 38 00:04:10,567 --> 00:04:14,798 of 15 more to utilize international law to meet 39 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,900 the greatest menace of our times, aggressive war. 40 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:24,565 The common sense of mankind demands that law shall not stop 41 00:04:24,567 --> 00:04:28,731 with the punishment of petty crimes by little people. 42 00:04:28,733 --> 00:04:33,131 It must also reach men who possess themselves of great power 43 00:04:33,133 --> 00:04:36,031 and who make deliberate and concerted use of it 44 00:04:36,033 --> 00:04:39,231 to set in motion evils, which leave no home 45 00:04:39,233 --> 00:04:41,165 in the world untouched. 46 00:04:41,167 --> 00:04:45,698 In the prisoner's dock sit 20 odd broken men, 47 00:04:45,700 --> 00:04:49,265 reproached by the humiliation of those they have led, 48 00:04:49,267 --> 00:04:51,731 almost as bitterly as by the desolation 49 00:04:51,733 --> 00:04:53,931 of those they have attacked. 50 00:04:53,933 --> 00:04:58,231 Their personal capacity for evil is forever past. 51 00:04:58,233 --> 00:05:00,631 Merely as individuals, their fate 52 00:05:00,633 --> 00:05:03,765 is of little consequence to the world. 53 00:05:03,767 --> 00:05:07,565 What makes this inquest significant is that these prisoners 54 00:05:07,567 --> 00:05:11,798 represent sinister influences that will lurk in the world 55 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,831 long after their bodies have returned to dust. 56 00:05:15,833 --> 00:05:19,798 They are living symbols of the arrogance and cruelty 57 00:05:19,800 --> 00:05:23,967 of power, of racial hatreds, of terrorism and violence. 58 00:05:27,467 --> 00:05:30,898 They are symbols of fierce nationalisms, 59 00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:33,400 and of militarism, of intrigue 60 00:05:43,167 --> 00:05:46,431 and war-making, which have embroiled Europe 61 00:05:46,433 --> 00:05:50,631 generation after generation, crushing its manhood, 62 00:05:50,633 --> 00:05:54,998 destroying its homes and impoverishing its lives. 63 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:57,098 They have so identified themselves 64 00:05:57,100 --> 00:05:59,365 with the philosophies they conceived 65 00:05:59,367 --> 00:06:02,631 and with the forces they directed that any tenderness 66 00:06:02,633 --> 00:06:06,931 to them is a victory and an encouragement to all the evils 67 00:06:06,933 --> 00:06:10,065 which are attached to their names. 68 00:06:10,067 --> 00:06:13,631 What these men stand for we will patiently 69 00:06:13,633 --> 00:06:16,231 and temperately disclose. 70 00:06:16,233 --> 00:06:20,831 We will give you undeniable proof of incredible events. 71 00:06:20,833 --> 00:06:24,698 The catalog of crimes will omit nothing. 72 00:06:24,700 --> 00:06:28,098 It may be that these men of troubled conscience 73 00:06:28,100 --> 00:06:31,198 do not regard a trial as a favor, 74 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:35,231 but they do have a fair opportunity to defend themselves, 75 00:06:35,233 --> 00:06:37,565 a favor which they rarely extended 76 00:06:37,567 --> 00:06:39,800 to their fellow countrymen. 77 00:06:47,433 --> 00:06:50,231 We will not ask you to convict these men 78 00:06:50,233 --> 00:06:52,865 on the testimony of their foes. 79 00:06:52,867 --> 00:06:54,998 There is no count of the indictment 80 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:58,600 that cannot be proved by books and records. 81 00:07:03,667 --> 00:07:07,667 And we will show you the defendants' own films. 82 00:07:09,833 --> 00:07:13,365 You will see their own conduct and hear their own voices, 83 00:07:13,367 --> 00:07:16,698 as they re-enact for you, from the screen, 84 00:07:16,700 --> 00:07:20,867 some of the events in the course of the conspiracy. 85 00:07:22,233 --> 00:07:26,067 The acts of the defendants have bathed the world in blood. 86 00:07:32,567 --> 00:07:35,633 And set civilization back a century. 87 00:07:38,133 --> 00:07:41,098 They have subjected their European neighbors 88 00:07:41,100 --> 00:07:44,100 to every spoliation and depravation. 89 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:48,398 They have brought the German people 90 00:07:48,400 --> 00:07:51,233 to the lowest ebb of wretchedness. 91 00:07:56,400 --> 00:07:58,831 They have stirred hatreds and incited 92 00:07:58,833 --> 00:08:01,933 domestic violence on every continent. 93 00:08:05,667 --> 00:08:08,198 These are the things that stand in the dock, 94 00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:10,798 shoulder to shoulder with these prisoners. 95 00:08:10,800 --> 00:08:14,967 The real complaining party at your bar is civilization. 96 00:08:17,900 --> 00:08:19,698 The United States of America 97 00:08:19,700 --> 00:08:21,965 present count one of the indictment; 98 00:08:21,967 --> 00:08:24,898 that all the defendants participated as organizers 99 00:08:24,900 --> 00:08:28,898 or accomplices in a common plan or conspiracy 100 00:08:28,900 --> 00:08:31,831 to commit crimes against peace, war crimes 101 00:08:31,833 --> 00:08:34,198 and crimes against humanity. 102 00:08:34,200 --> 00:08:38,365 The aims of this conspiracy were open and notorious. 103 00:08:38,367 --> 00:08:40,598 The aims of this conspiracy 104 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:42,431 were open and notorious. 105 00:08:42,433 --> 00:08:45,165 It was far different from any other conspiracy 106 00:08:45,167 --> 00:08:48,565 ever unfolded before a court of justice. 107 00:08:58,667 --> 00:09:02,631 Its history is the history of the Nazi party, 108 00:09:02,633 --> 00:09:07,265 which grew from the brawling streets of Munich in the 20s. 109 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:15,865 And from the beginning, Adolf Hitler and his followers 110 00:09:15,867 --> 00:09:18,965 were committed to the use of any means, 111 00:09:18,967 --> 00:09:22,633 whether or not they were legal or honorable. 112 00:09:24,967 --> 00:09:28,331 Their aim was the highest degree of control 113 00:09:28,333 --> 00:09:30,567 over the German community. 114 00:09:32,567 --> 00:09:35,098 Their intentions were blatantly put forth 115 00:09:35,100 --> 00:09:38,100 in Mein Kampf and the party program. 116 00:09:42,867 --> 00:09:45,131 And they preached their favorite doctrine 117 00:09:45,133 --> 00:09:46,998 up and down the land. 118 00:09:47,000 --> 00:09:51,098 They said that persons of a so-called German blood 119 00:09:51,100 --> 00:09:54,198 were a master race entitled to subjugate 120 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:56,665 or even exterminate other races. 121 00:09:56,667 --> 00:09:58,998 They said that the German should be ruled 122 00:09:59,000 --> 00:10:02,498 under the Fuhrer Principle or leadership principle 123 00:10:02,500 --> 00:10:06,031 by which each sub-leader owed unconditional obedience 124 00:10:06,033 --> 00:10:10,698 to his superior and so on right up to Adolf Hitler. 125 00:10:10,700 --> 00:10:12,731 They said that war was a noble 126 00:10:12,733 --> 00:10:15,567 and necessary activity of Germans. 127 00:10:20,800 --> 00:10:23,198 And they said that the Nazi Party alone 128 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:25,898 had the right to rule Germany and the right 129 00:10:25,900 --> 00:10:28,831 to destroy the party's enemies. 130 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:47,998 Their rise to power was based on fraud, 131 00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:50,833 deceit, intimidation and coercion, 132 00:10:54,433 --> 00:10:57,767 culminating finally in terror and flame. 133 00:11:03,333 --> 00:11:06,798 Into that flame went the Democratic constitution 134 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:10,967 of the Weimar Republic and the freedom of the German people. 135 00:11:13,833 --> 00:11:16,565 For the fire set by the Nazis 136 00:11:16,567 --> 00:11:19,133 extended to the very Reichstag. 137 00:11:20,967 --> 00:11:24,898 Hans Gisevius, a witness who formerly held a high position 138 00:11:24,900 --> 00:11:27,265 in the Berlin Police Administration, 139 00:11:27,267 --> 00:11:31,598 tells of his investigation of the Reichstag fire. 140 00:11:37,067 --> 00:11:40,365 To speak briefly and to state the facts. 141 00:11:40,367 --> 00:11:43,565 First of all, we ascertain that quite generally, 142 00:11:43,567 --> 00:11:45,031 Hitler had stated the wish 143 00:11:45,033 --> 00:11:48,265 for a large scale propaganda campaign. 144 00:11:48,267 --> 00:11:52,398 Goebbels took on the job of making the necessary proposals 145 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:54,865 and it was Goebbels who first thought 146 00:11:54,867 --> 00:11:57,600 of setting the Reichstag on fire. 147 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,431 A group of 10 reliable S.A. men was made ready 148 00:12:03,433 --> 00:12:07,631 and now Goering was informed about every detail of the plan. 149 00:12:07,633 --> 00:12:11,265 It was expected from Goering and he gave his assurances 150 00:12:11,267 --> 00:12:14,898 that he would do so, that the police would be instructed, 151 00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:19,067 while still suffering from shock, to take up a false trail. 152 00:12:20,400 --> 00:12:22,331 Using the Reichstag fire 153 00:12:22,333 --> 00:12:24,998 as a pretext for seizing power, 154 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:28,565 the Nazi conspirators lost no time in tearing 155 00:12:28,567 --> 00:12:31,567 Germany away from a policy of peace. 156 00:12:38,367 --> 00:12:41,598 Late in 1933, they led their nation 157 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:44,298 out of the Disarmament Conference, 158 00:12:44,300 --> 00:12:47,198 quit the League of Nations and embarked 159 00:12:47,200 --> 00:12:49,967 on a course of secret rearmament. 160 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:57,167 By 1934, the new armaments program, designed by defendants 161 00:12:58,567 --> 00:13:02,567 Goering, Schacht and Funk, was going full blast. 162 00:13:08,367 --> 00:13:12,567 German industry was again turning out the tools of war. 163 00:13:16,467 --> 00:13:20,633 The plants hummed and one year later Goering could announce: 164 00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:24,098 From the strong foundation 165 00:13:24,100 --> 00:13:28,965 of the National Socialist Ideology today rises once again 166 00:13:28,967 --> 00:13:30,967 the German Armed Forces. 167 00:13:33,133 --> 00:13:35,865 A few days later, General von Blomberg 168 00:13:35,867 --> 00:13:40,165 announced the new law for compulsory military service. 169 00:13:47,367 --> 00:13:51,567 The law was signed by defendants Goering, Hess, Frank, 170 00:13:52,767 --> 00:13:55,367 Frick, Schacht and Von Neurath. 171 00:13:57,600 --> 00:13:59,167 The training began. 172 00:14:10,333 --> 00:14:14,331 Finally, in the spring of 1936, the Nazis 173 00:14:14,333 --> 00:14:18,567 sent their new troops marching into the Rhineland. 174 00:14:24,300 --> 00:14:28,565 Mein Fuhrer, on March 7th, 1936, 175 00:14:28,567 --> 00:14:30,731 soldiers of the army, which was created 176 00:14:30,733 --> 00:14:33,765 by order of the Fuhrer, crossed the sacred river 177 00:14:33,767 --> 00:14:38,231 of German history and occupied their former garrisons. 178 00:14:38,233 --> 00:14:41,565 They pledged the Fuhrer, whatever decisions he may make, 179 00:14:41,567 --> 00:14:44,665 unbreakable faith and obedience and they vow 180 00:14:44,667 --> 00:14:47,631 to follow him and to prove their sincerity, 181 00:14:47,633 --> 00:14:50,998 by their never ending love for Germany. 182 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,067 The columns grew longer. 183 00:14:58,067 --> 00:15:02,131 The sound of boots grew louder on the streets of Nuremberg. 184 00:15:02,133 --> 00:15:03,398 But Hitler said: 185 00:15:05,300 --> 00:15:07,131 The German people is not a people, 186 00:15:07,133 --> 00:15:09,265 which welcomes a war today, 187 00:15:09,267 --> 00:15:11,965 tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. 188 00:15:11,967 --> 00:15:14,931 That is not in the character of the Germans. 189 00:15:14,933 --> 00:15:18,565 He is by nature not only peaceful and peace loving, 190 00:15:18,567 --> 00:15:21,565 but above all conciliatory. 191 00:15:21,567 --> 00:15:23,067 He wants to work. 192 00:15:24,567 --> 00:15:27,931 In our country are millions of peasants, 193 00:15:27,933 --> 00:15:29,965 they want to till their fields. 194 00:15:29,967 --> 00:15:32,665 They want to bring in their harvests. 195 00:15:32,667 --> 00:15:34,765 There are millions of workers, 196 00:15:34,767 --> 00:15:37,565 they want to perform their work. 197 00:15:43,900 --> 00:15:45,998 But the Nazi conspirators, 198 00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:49,065 in the name of Lebensraum, continued to plot 199 00:15:49,067 --> 00:15:51,631 new aggressions against peace. 200 00:15:51,633 --> 00:15:55,698 In November 1937, Hitler called a special meeting 201 00:15:55,700 --> 00:15:59,331 with defendants Goering, Von Neurath and Raeder 202 00:15:59,333 --> 00:16:03,431 and Generals von Blomberg and von Frick. 203 00:16:03,433 --> 00:16:06,998 The meeting was secret but Lieutenant Colonel Hossbach, 204 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,998 Hitler's personal adjutant, 205 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:12,398 faithfully recorded Hitler's words: 206 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:14,465 The German question can be solved 207 00:16:14,467 --> 00:16:16,200 only by way of force. 208 00:16:17,633 --> 00:16:20,565 For the improvement of our military-political position, 209 00:16:20,567 --> 00:16:23,665 it must be our first aim, in every case of entanglement 210 00:16:23,667 --> 00:16:26,265 by war, to conquer Czechoslovakia 211 00:16:26,267 --> 00:16:28,567 and Austria simultaneously. 212 00:16:29,733 --> 00:16:32,398 The annexation of the two states to Germany, 213 00:16:32,400 --> 00:16:35,698 militarily and politically, would constitute 214 00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:37,567 a considerable relief. 215 00:16:41,033 --> 00:16:44,665 This meeting set the stage for Nazi expansion 216 00:16:44,667 --> 00:16:49,098 and Act One came only three months later at Berchtesgaden 217 00:16:49,100 --> 00:16:52,565 where a defendant von Papen finally engineered a meeting 218 00:16:52,567 --> 00:16:55,431 between Schuschnigg, the Austrian Chancellor, 219 00:16:55,433 --> 00:16:59,198 and Hitler and defendants Keitel and von Ribbentrop. 220 00:16:59,200 --> 00:17:02,065 Guido Schmidt, who was Austrian Foreign Minister 221 00:17:02,067 --> 00:17:05,198 at the time, also attended the meeting. 222 00:17:05,200 --> 00:17:07,565 And now he takes the witness stand. 223 00:17:07,567 --> 00:17:09,631 Did Hitler demand that Seyss-Inquart 224 00:17:09,633 --> 00:17:11,731 be made Minister of Security? 225 00:17:11,733 --> 00:17:13,965 That was one of the demands on that program. 226 00:17:13,967 --> 00:17:15,598 Where there also demands 227 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:19,765 made with regard to currency exchange and customs? 228 00:17:19,767 --> 00:17:20,898 There were demands 229 00:17:20,900 --> 00:17:24,198 of an economic nature of every kind. 230 00:17:24,200 --> 00:17:25,798 Hitler told you that you 231 00:17:25,800 --> 00:17:29,998 had until February 15th to accept his terms, didn't he? 232 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,898 And he told you that if you didn't do so he would use force. 233 00:17:33,900 --> 00:17:36,131 The ultimatum as Hitler stated it 234 00:17:36,133 --> 00:17:39,698 was that he intended, as early as February, to march 235 00:17:39,700 --> 00:17:42,565 into Austria and that, for the last time, 236 00:17:42,567 --> 00:17:45,031 he was prepared to postpone it. 237 00:17:45,033 --> 00:17:46,865 Faced by these threats, 238 00:17:46,867 --> 00:17:50,800 the Austrians carried out all Hitler's demands. 239 00:17:54,267 --> 00:17:57,933 But the Nazi conspirators weren't satisfied. 240 00:17:59,567 --> 00:18:02,965 A month later when Schuschnigg announced a plebiscite 241 00:18:02,967 --> 00:18:06,965 on Austrian Independence, Hitler and defendant Goering 242 00:18:06,967 --> 00:18:09,898 demanded the plebiscite be canceled. 243 00:18:09,900 --> 00:18:12,431 Another ultimatum demanded Schuschnigg resign 244 00:18:12,433 --> 00:18:14,033 within three hours. 245 00:18:16,400 --> 00:18:19,398 Fearing invasion, Schuschnigg resigned 246 00:18:19,400 --> 00:18:22,765 and finally defendant Seyss-Inquart was appointed 247 00:18:22,767 --> 00:18:25,267 the new Chancellor of Austria. 248 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:30,931 That same day Goering in Berlin 249 00:18:30,933 --> 00:18:34,298 called Keppler of the German Embassy in Vienna. 250 00:18:34,300 --> 00:18:36,931 The conversation was transcribed. 251 00:18:36,933 --> 00:18:39,298 Kepler spoke first: 252 00:18:39,300 --> 00:18:42,031 Well, we represent the government now. 253 00:18:42,033 --> 00:18:44,365 Yes, that's it, you're the government. 254 00:18:44,367 --> 00:18:46,298 Listen carefully, the following telegram 255 00:18:46,300 --> 00:18:48,765 should be sent here from Seyss-Inquart. 256 00:18:48,767 --> 00:18:50,298 Take the notes. 257 00:18:50,300 --> 00:18:52,165 The provisional Austrian Government 258 00:18:52,167 --> 00:18:54,665 sends to the German Government the urgent request 259 00:18:54,667 --> 00:18:58,565 for support in its task to help prevent bloodshed. 260 00:18:58,567 --> 00:19:00,698 For this purpose, it asks the German Government 261 00:19:00,700 --> 00:19:03,565 to send German troops as soon as possible. 262 00:19:03,567 --> 00:19:04,798 Well, SA and SS 263 00:19:04,800 --> 00:19:06,231 are marching through the streets. 264 00:19:06,233 --> 00:19:08,298 Everything has collapsed with the professional groups. 265 00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:09,665 Seyss-Inquart is the only one 266 00:19:09,667 --> 00:19:11,231 who still has power in Austria. 267 00:19:11,233 --> 00:19:15,631 Yes, there are troops who have crossed the border today. 268 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:25,998 The act was written joining Austria to Germany 269 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:29,398 and signed by defendant Seyss-Inquart, Goering, 270 00:19:29,400 --> 00:19:32,565 Frick, von Ribbentrop and Hess. 271 00:19:32,567 --> 00:19:34,565 Hitler, of course, had said: 272 00:19:34,567 --> 00:19:37,165 Germany neither intends no wishes to interfere 273 00:19:37,167 --> 00:19:40,465 in the internal affairs of Austria, to annex Austria 274 00:19:40,467 --> 00:19:42,298 or to conclude an Anschluss. 275 00:19:42,300 --> 00:19:44,900 21st of May 1935, Adolf Hitler. 276 00:19:50,500 --> 00:19:52,931 The curtain fell on Act One, 277 00:19:52,933 --> 00:19:56,831 but already the Nazi conspirators prepared for Act Two 278 00:19:56,833 --> 00:20:01,000 with this 1938 memorandum from Hitler to his High Command. 279 00:20:02,333 --> 00:20:04,665 It is my unalterable decision to smash 280 00:20:04,667 --> 00:20:08,431 Czechoslovakia by military action in the near future. 281 00:20:08,433 --> 00:20:10,831 It is the job of the political leaders 282 00:20:10,833 --> 00:20:12,731 to bring about the politically 283 00:20:12,733 --> 00:20:15,300 and militarily suitable moment. 284 00:20:18,100 --> 00:20:21,331 Konrad Henlein was designated political leader. 285 00:20:21,333 --> 00:20:23,865 The plan was labeled Operation Green 286 00:20:23,867 --> 00:20:27,598 and defendant Jodl issued another memorandum reading: 287 00:20:27,600 --> 00:20:29,898 Operation Green will be set in motion by means 288 00:20:29,900 --> 00:20:33,598 of an incident in Czechoslovakia which will give Germany 289 00:20:33,600 --> 00:20:35,865 provocation for military intervention. 290 00:20:35,867 --> 00:20:38,631 The fixing of the exact time for this incident 291 00:20:38,633 --> 00:20:40,965 is of the utmost importance. 292 00:20:40,967 --> 00:20:43,531 A few months later, Germany signed 293 00:20:43,533 --> 00:20:48,231 the Munich Pact with England, France and Italy. 294 00:20:48,233 --> 00:20:50,198 This pact involved the transfer 295 00:20:50,200 --> 00:20:52,565 of the Sudetenland to Germany. 296 00:20:52,567 --> 00:20:56,733 The conspirators called it their last territorial demand. 297 00:21:00,967 --> 00:21:02,665 But before the ink was dry, 298 00:21:02,667 --> 00:21:06,165 they were making other plans for Hitler's goal 299 00:21:06,167 --> 00:21:10,000 was the complete absorption of Czechoslovakia. 300 00:21:13,300 --> 00:21:15,798 And now the Czech president Hacha 301 00:21:15,800 --> 00:21:17,631 was called to a meeting with Hitler 302 00:21:17,633 --> 00:21:21,031 and defendants Goering von Ribbentrop and Keitel. 303 00:21:21,033 --> 00:21:22,831 They gave him the ultimatum. 304 00:21:22,833 --> 00:21:25,131 Bohemia and Moravia would be incorporated 305 00:21:25,133 --> 00:21:28,165 into Germany immediately or Czechoslovakia 306 00:21:28,167 --> 00:21:31,931 would be invaded and Prague destroyed from the air. 307 00:21:31,933 --> 00:21:33,567 Hacha was helpless. 308 00:21:36,933 --> 00:21:40,198 Defendants von Ribbentrop and Frick signed the decree 309 00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:44,398 making Bohemia and Moravia a German Protectorate. 310 00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:46,165 Speaking some months before 311 00:21:46,167 --> 00:21:50,331 about the Sudetenland, however, Hitler had said: 312 00:21:50,333 --> 00:21:52,731 I have promised and repeated here 313 00:21:52,733 --> 00:21:54,565 that there will be no more territorial 314 00:21:54,567 --> 00:21:56,665 problems for Germany in Europe. 315 00:21:56,667 --> 00:21:59,565 I will be no longer interested in the Czech State 316 00:21:59,567 --> 00:22:01,065 and I will guarantee it. 317 00:22:01,067 --> 00:22:03,733 26 September 1938, Adolf Hitler. 318 00:22:12,033 --> 00:22:13,698 Now, according to more 319 00:22:13,700 --> 00:22:17,398 of his adjutants' notes, Hitler reviewed the Nazi plan 320 00:22:17,400 --> 00:22:20,900 of violence and treachery from 1934 to 39. 321 00:22:22,167 --> 00:22:23,365 The notes read: 322 00:22:23,367 --> 00:22:24,931 First rearmament. 323 00:22:24,933 --> 00:22:29,065 In 1935 the introduction of compulsory military service. 324 00:22:29,067 --> 00:22:31,631 After that militarization of the Rhineland. 325 00:22:31,633 --> 00:22:33,765 One year later Austria came. 326 00:22:33,767 --> 00:22:36,998 It brought about a considerable reinforcement of the Reich. 327 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:39,365 The next step was Bohemia and Moravia, 328 00:22:39,367 --> 00:22:41,798 then followed the erection of the Protectorate 329 00:22:41,800 --> 00:22:45,098 and with that the basis for action against Poland was laid. 330 00:22:45,100 --> 00:22:47,465 Basically, I did not organize the Armed Forces 331 00:22:47,467 --> 00:22:49,065 and order not to strike. 332 00:22:49,067 --> 00:22:52,400 The decision to strike was always in me. 333 00:22:54,867 --> 00:22:56,465 In the name of the United Kingdom 334 00:22:56,467 --> 00:22:58,431 of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 335 00:22:58,433 --> 00:23:01,665 Sir Hartley Shawcross presents count two, 336 00:23:01,667 --> 00:23:05,298 crimes against peace charging that all the defendants 337 00:23:05,300 --> 00:23:07,865 participated in the planning and waging of wars 338 00:23:07,867 --> 00:23:11,898 of aggression, was in violation of international treaties, 339 00:23:11,900 --> 00:23:14,465 agreements and assurances. 340 00:23:14,467 --> 00:23:16,098 The first step was the Rhineland 341 00:23:16,100 --> 00:23:18,365 and the next step was Austria. 342 00:23:18,367 --> 00:23:20,365 The Rhineland is occupied. 343 00:23:20,367 --> 00:23:23,631 Austria and Czechoslovakia are seized by Germany 344 00:23:23,633 --> 00:23:27,031 and now the Nazi conspirators turned to the next problem 345 00:23:27,033 --> 00:23:29,465 a conquest of Poland. 346 00:23:29,467 --> 00:23:31,931 Again, an adjutant, lieutenant-colonel Schmundt 347 00:23:31,933 --> 00:23:34,098 transcribed Hitler's words. 348 00:23:34,100 --> 00:23:37,031 The solution of the problem demands courage. 349 00:23:37,033 --> 00:23:39,731 It is impossible without invasion of foreign States 350 00:23:39,733 --> 00:23:42,065 or attacks on foreign property. 351 00:23:42,067 --> 00:23:45,231 There's, therefore, no question of sparing Poland 352 00:23:45,233 --> 00:23:47,731 and we are left with the decision to attack Poland 353 00:23:47,733 --> 00:23:49,898 at the first suitable opportunity. 354 00:23:49,900 --> 00:23:52,831 We cannot expect the repetition of the Czech affair. 355 00:23:52,833 --> 00:23:54,333 There will be war. 356 00:23:55,900 --> 00:23:57,398 Meanwhile, according to their 357 00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:00,431 well-established practice, the conspirators stirred up 358 00:24:00,433 --> 00:24:03,265 the Danzig issue to furnish frontier incidents 359 00:24:03,267 --> 00:24:06,365 which could justify an attack on Poland. 360 00:24:06,367 --> 00:24:09,865 Then on 23 August, the Nazis signed 361 00:24:09,867 --> 00:24:13,033 their non-aggression pact with Russia. 362 00:24:16,033 --> 00:24:18,365 There Hitler told his High Command: 363 00:24:18,367 --> 00:24:19,865 Now, Poland is in the position 364 00:24:19,867 --> 00:24:21,565 in which I want her. 365 00:24:21,567 --> 00:24:24,231 I am only afraid that at the last moment some Schweinehund 366 00:24:24,233 --> 00:24:27,331 will make a proposal for mediation. 367 00:24:27,333 --> 00:24:28,931 Appeals were made 368 00:24:28,933 --> 00:24:32,667 twice by the Pope and by President Roosevelt. 369 00:24:43,467 --> 00:24:46,698 Finally, Mr Roosevelt asks an assurance 370 00:24:46,700 --> 00:24:50,265 be given him that the German armed forces will not attack 371 00:24:50,267 --> 00:24:54,465 and, above all, not invade the territory or positions 372 00:24:54,467 --> 00:24:57,631 of the following independent nations. 373 00:24:57,633 --> 00:25:00,231 He then names as those coming into question: 374 00:25:00,233 --> 00:25:03,967 Finland, Letland, Litauen, Estland, Norway, 375 00:25:05,600 --> 00:25:09,065 Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, 376 00:25:09,067 --> 00:25:13,198 Grossbritannien, Ireland, Frank Reich, Portugal, Spanien, 377 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:17,631 die Schweiz, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland. 378 00:25:23,733 --> 00:25:27,265 On 1 September 1939, the Nazis sent 379 00:25:27,267 --> 00:25:31,433 the Wehrmacht smashing into Poland and into a new world war, 380 00:25:32,633 --> 00:25:34,998 for France and England, faithful to their mutual 381 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:37,331 assistance pact with Poland, 382 00:25:37,333 --> 00:25:40,698 immediately declared war on Germany. 383 00:25:46,133 --> 00:25:48,731 The Luftwaffe opened mass attacks 384 00:25:48,733 --> 00:25:50,967 on Polish towns and cities. 385 00:25:56,400 --> 00:25:59,265 And Hitler, according to Schmundt's notes, said: 386 00:25:59,267 --> 00:26:01,698 Destruction of Poland in the foreground. 387 00:26:01,700 --> 00:26:04,698 I shall give a propagandist cause for starting the war, 388 00:26:04,700 --> 00:26:07,298 never mind whether it be plausible or not. 389 00:26:07,300 --> 00:26:08,365 Have no pity. 390 00:26:08,367 --> 00:26:10,731 Take a brutal attitude. 391 00:26:10,733 --> 00:26:14,698 But as usual, before the attack on Poland, 392 00:26:14,700 --> 00:26:16,565 Hitler told the world: 393 00:26:16,567 --> 00:26:19,198 During the troubled months of the past year, 394 00:26:19,200 --> 00:26:21,731 the friendship between Poland and Germany 395 00:26:21,733 --> 00:26:23,931 has been one of the reassuring factors 396 00:26:23,933 --> 00:26:26,298 in the political life of Europe. 397 00:26:26,300 --> 00:26:29,233 30th of January 1939, Adolf Hitler. 398 00:26:31,567 --> 00:26:34,565 The path of destruction started in Poland 399 00:26:34,567 --> 00:26:39,298 but soon it led north and south across all Europe 400 00:26:39,300 --> 00:26:42,598 and each new aggression was based on Hitler's principle 401 00:26:42,600 --> 00:26:47,365 that, in war, victory not right is what matters. 402 00:26:47,367 --> 00:26:48,931 Non-aggression treaty, 403 00:26:48,933 --> 00:26:51,565 it is firmly resolved to maintain peace 404 00:26:51,567 --> 00:26:54,698 between Denmark and Germany in all circumstances. 405 00:26:54,700 --> 00:26:57,367 31st of May in 1939, Ribbentrop. 406 00:26:58,567 --> 00:27:00,998 But on 9 April 1940, 407 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:03,965 German troops invaded Denmark. 408 00:27:30,667 --> 00:27:33,031 The German Reich government is determined, 409 00:27:33,033 --> 00:27:35,265 in view of the friendly relations which exists 410 00:27:35,267 --> 00:27:38,998 between Norway and Germany, under no circumstances 411 00:27:39,000 --> 00:27:42,065 to prejudice the inviolability and integrity 412 00:27:42,067 --> 00:27:44,698 of the Norwegian state. 413 00:27:44,700 --> 00:27:48,133 2nd of September 1939, Das Deutsche Reich. 414 00:27:49,633 --> 00:27:53,198 But on 9 April 1940, 415 00:27:53,200 --> 00:27:55,600 German troops invaded Norway. 416 00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:40,798 I assure the governments 417 00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:42,698 of Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg, 418 00:28:42,700 --> 00:28:45,265 that Germany will not violate their neutrality. 419 00:28:45,267 --> 00:28:48,067 6th of October 1939, Adolf Hitler. 420 00:28:50,267 --> 00:28:53,565 But on May 10th 1940, 421 00:28:53,567 --> 00:28:57,733 German troops invaded Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg. 422 00:29:27,300 --> 00:29:30,198 The firmly established reliable relationship 423 00:29:30,200 --> 00:29:33,565 of Germany to Yugoslavia will represent an element 424 00:29:33,567 --> 00:29:36,931 of calm on a wrecked continent. 425 00:29:36,933 --> 00:29:39,631 This peace is the goal of all who are disposed 426 00:29:39,633 --> 00:29:42,365 to perform really constructive work. 427 00:29:42,367 --> 00:29:44,933 1st of June 1939, Adolf Hitler. 428 00:29:47,033 --> 00:29:50,031 But on 6 April 1941, 429 00:29:50,033 --> 00:29:53,465 German troops invaded Yugoslavia. 430 00:30:18,233 --> 00:30:21,265 These criminal methods of the Nazi conspirators 431 00:30:21,267 --> 00:30:25,231 brought them early success and, by 1941, 432 00:30:25,233 --> 00:30:28,667 they had most of Europe under their heel. 433 00:30:29,867 --> 00:30:31,965 Now, an evil ambition for power 434 00:30:31,967 --> 00:30:34,400 and more power drove them on. 435 00:30:36,133 --> 00:30:38,931 But two of the world's mightiest nations, 436 00:30:38,933 --> 00:30:42,598 the United States and Soviet Russia, remained to block 437 00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:45,665 the Nazi drive for world supremacy. 438 00:30:45,667 --> 00:30:48,731 They had to be dealt with firmly, immediately, 439 00:30:48,733 --> 00:30:51,198 and now Germany asked for cooperation 440 00:30:51,200 --> 00:30:54,231 from her full partner in aggression to the east 441 00:30:54,233 --> 00:30:57,565 and from her junior partner to the south. 442 00:30:57,567 --> 00:31:01,298 In Berlin, they drew up the Axis Pact - the blueprint 443 00:31:01,300 --> 00:31:04,331 of the new order and parceled out the continents 444 00:31:04,333 --> 00:31:07,100 of the world for Axis domination. 445 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:20,567 Italy was to get the Mediterranean sphere. 446 00:31:22,467 --> 00:31:26,133 Japan was to get the Orient and, to Germany, 447 00:31:27,567 --> 00:31:30,133 would go the rest of the world. 448 00:31:49,667 --> 00:31:53,833 In June 1941, in violation of their non-aggression pact, 449 00:31:55,300 --> 00:31:58,198 the Nazis sent the Wehrmacht deep into Soviet territory, 450 00:31:58,200 --> 00:32:01,265 according to military plans long made. 451 00:32:01,267 --> 00:32:04,665 As usual, there was no declaration of war. 452 00:32:07,767 --> 00:32:11,698 Hitler had said, today Germany, tomorrow the world 453 00:32:11,700 --> 00:32:13,567 and this was tomorrow. 454 00:32:20,433 --> 00:32:24,865 Planned warfare in the east, air warfare in the West, 455 00:32:24,867 --> 00:32:28,165 for now defendant Goering's Luftwaffe was hurled 456 00:32:28,167 --> 00:32:31,565 with full force against the people and cities of Britain. 457 00:32:31,567 --> 00:32:34,765 Hitler after all had told the Reichstag: 458 00:32:34,767 --> 00:32:37,698 I will blot out their city. 459 00:33:30,100 --> 00:33:33,600 And then on 7 December 1941, the Japanese, 460 00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:37,231 keeping their end of an infamous bargain, 461 00:33:37,233 --> 00:33:39,331 struck at the United States, 462 00:33:39,333 --> 00:33:42,065 also without declaration of war. 463 00:33:42,067 --> 00:33:44,865 Japanese bombs rained on Pearl Harbor 464 00:33:44,867 --> 00:33:47,900 spreading war finally to the Pacific. 465 00:33:52,067 --> 00:33:54,165 The new order was on the march. 466 00:33:54,167 --> 00:33:57,233 World War II flamed around the globe. 467 00:33:59,700 --> 00:34:01,131 In the name of the Union 468 00:34:01,133 --> 00:34:04,398 of Soviet Socialist Republics, General Rudenko 469 00:34:04,400 --> 00:34:07,265 presents counts three and four 470 00:34:07,267 --> 00:34:10,231 charging that all the defendants committed war crimes 471 00:34:10,233 --> 00:34:14,431 in Germany and in all those countries occupied by Germany. 472 00:34:20,167 --> 00:34:22,565 The Nazi conspirators committed crimes 473 00:34:22,567 --> 00:34:26,265 against enemy armies, against prisoners of war, 474 00:34:26,267 --> 00:34:28,865 against the civilians of occupied lands. 475 00:34:28,867 --> 00:34:32,598 They believed in the barbaric doctrine of total war 476 00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:34,998 and considered themselves freed from the restraints 477 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:39,598 of international law or the established customs of war. 478 00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:42,231 Their ruthless policies were ordered in directives 479 00:34:42,233 --> 00:34:44,765 like this one from General Reinecke 480 00:34:44,767 --> 00:34:46,631 of the Wehrmacht High Command. 481 00:34:46,633 --> 00:34:49,131 The Bolsheviks soldier has lost all claim 482 00:34:49,133 --> 00:34:51,765 to treatment as an honorable opponent. 483 00:34:51,767 --> 00:34:53,465 Active or passive resistance 484 00:34:53,467 --> 00:34:56,765 must be broken immediately by force of arms. 485 00:34:56,767 --> 00:34:59,131 Prisoners of war attempting to escape 486 00:34:59,133 --> 00:35:02,165 are to be fired on without previous challenge. 487 00:35:02,167 --> 00:35:04,731 No warning shot must be fired. 488 00:35:04,733 --> 00:35:07,398 More proof of this savage Nazi policy 489 00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:10,265 comes from the affidavit of Kurt Lindow, 490 00:35:10,267 --> 00:35:12,065 former Gestapo officer. 491 00:35:12,067 --> 00:35:14,298 There existed in the prisoner of war camps 492 00:35:14,300 --> 00:35:17,131 on the Eastern Front, small screening teams 493 00:35:17,133 --> 00:35:20,131 headed by lower ranking members of the Gestapo. 494 00:35:20,133 --> 00:35:23,031 It was the duty of these teams to segregate 495 00:35:23,033 --> 00:35:25,965 the prisoners of war who were candidates for execution, 496 00:35:25,967 --> 00:35:28,265 according to the orders that had been given 497 00:35:28,267 --> 00:35:32,267 and to report them to the office of the Gestapo. 498 00:35:35,333 --> 00:35:37,431 And a letter from defendant Rosenberg 499 00:35:37,433 --> 00:35:41,765 to defendant Keitel in 1942 stated clearly: 500 00:35:41,767 --> 00:35:44,098 A large part of the Soviet prisoners of war 501 00:35:44,100 --> 00:35:47,831 has starved or died because of the hazards of the weather. 502 00:35:47,833 --> 00:35:50,631 In many cases, prisoners of war could no longer keep up 503 00:35:50,633 --> 00:35:53,731 in the march because of hunger and exhaustion. 504 00:35:53,733 --> 00:35:55,565 In numerous camps, no shelter 505 00:35:55,567 --> 00:35:57,865 for the prisoners was provided at all. 506 00:35:57,867 --> 00:36:02,033 Even tools were not made available to dig holes or caves. 507 00:36:08,667 --> 00:36:10,998 Yet when some objected that this treatment 508 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:14,131 violated the Geneva Convention, defendant Keitel 509 00:36:14,133 --> 00:36:16,065 answered with this memorandum: 510 00:36:16,067 --> 00:36:17,665 We are concerned with the destruction 511 00:36:17,667 --> 00:36:21,833 of an ideology, therefore, I approve and back the measures. 512 00:36:23,567 --> 00:36:25,431 This is proved by the testimony 513 00:36:25,433 --> 00:36:27,565 of General Lahousen who worked 514 00:36:27,567 --> 00:36:30,831 under Admiral Canaris in the Abwehr. 515 00:36:30,833 --> 00:36:33,965 General Lahousen attended conferences where crimes 516 00:36:33,967 --> 00:36:36,131 against whole populations were plotted 517 00:36:36,133 --> 00:36:39,133 in advance by the Nazi conspirators. 518 00:36:40,333 --> 00:36:42,931 Will you please explain exactly what took place 519 00:36:42,933 --> 00:36:46,031 at this conference in the Fuhrer's train. 520 00:36:49,700 --> 00:36:51,898 First of all, Canaris had a short talk 521 00:36:51,900 --> 00:36:54,998 with von Ribbentrop, particularly as regards 522 00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:56,567 the Polish region. 523 00:36:57,833 --> 00:37:00,765 Secondly, Canaris spoke vehemently against the measures 524 00:37:00,767 --> 00:37:03,798 that he, Canaris, had found out about to wit 525 00:37:03,800 --> 00:37:06,431 the projected shooting and extermination measures 526 00:37:06,433 --> 00:37:09,465 that were being directed against the Polish intelligentsia, 527 00:37:09,467 --> 00:37:12,365 nobility and clergy as well as all elements 528 00:37:12,367 --> 00:37:14,198 that could be regarded as embodiments 529 00:37:14,200 --> 00:37:17,200 of the national resistance movement. 530 00:37:47,200 --> 00:37:50,465 Canaris said at the time, more or less verbatim, 531 00:37:50,467 --> 00:37:53,465 that the world will, at some time, make the Armed Forces 532 00:37:53,467 --> 00:37:56,098 under whose eye as these events have occurred 533 00:37:56,100 --> 00:37:59,031 also responsible for these events. 534 00:38:07,367 --> 00:38:10,698 Defendant Frank, Nazi governor of Poland, 535 00:38:10,700 --> 00:38:12,698 was another of the conspirators guilty 536 00:38:12,700 --> 00:38:14,800 of directing mass murder. 537 00:38:15,867 --> 00:38:18,131 In his diary, he speaks of: 538 00:38:18,133 --> 00:38:20,431 Taking advantage of the focus of attention 539 00:38:20,433 --> 00:38:22,698 on the Western Front by carrying out 540 00:38:22,700 --> 00:38:26,367 wholesale liquidation of thousands of Poles. 541 00:38:28,167 --> 00:38:30,298 These atrocities were not restricted 542 00:38:30,300 --> 00:38:31,300 to the east. 543 00:38:32,200 --> 00:38:34,231 Here is the proof in the village 544 00:38:34,233 --> 00:38:36,633 of Oradour-sur-Glane, France. 545 00:38:55,867 --> 00:38:59,867 Here is the proof in the town of Bande, Belgium. 546 00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:21,167 Here is the proof in the San Callisto Caves, Italy 547 00:39:22,300 --> 00:39:25,433 where 350 hostages were carefully listed 548 00:39:35,933 --> 00:39:38,267 and systematically murdered. 549 00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:50,267 And here is Lidice in Czechoslovakia. 550 00:39:51,900 --> 00:39:54,665 In blind retaliation for the assassination 551 00:39:54,667 --> 00:39:58,833 of SS Man Heydrich, the Nazis murdered all Lidice's men 552 00:40:01,167 --> 00:40:05,333 and sent their women and children into slavery in Germany. 553 00:40:09,533 --> 00:40:11,533 But this was not enough. 554 00:40:12,933 --> 00:40:16,498 Boys of the Arbeiten were moved into the ruins of Lidice 555 00:40:16,500 --> 00:40:20,433 and ordered to level the village to the ground. 556 00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:43,767 Lidice was to be the Nazi's example to all occupied peoples. 557 00:40:48,733 --> 00:40:52,565 But more terrible still were the concentration camps 558 00:40:52,567 --> 00:40:54,098 which, from the beginning, had been 559 00:40:54,100 --> 00:40:55,965 the conspirators' chief weapon 560 00:40:55,967 --> 00:40:58,898 against opposition of every kind. 561 00:40:58,900 --> 00:41:01,798 German anti-Nazis were the first victims, 562 00:41:01,800 --> 00:41:04,565 but with the war their numbers swelled to include 563 00:41:04,567 --> 00:41:07,198 citizens of all the nations of Europe. 564 00:41:07,200 --> 00:41:11,031 Their fate is described by witness Rudolf Hoess. 565 00:41:11,033 --> 00:41:12,431 I commanded Auschwitz 566 00:41:12,433 --> 00:41:15,565 until the 1st of December 1943 and estimate 567 00:41:15,567 --> 00:41:18,431 that at least two and a half million victims were executed 568 00:41:18,433 --> 00:41:22,267 and exterminated there by gassing and burning. 569 00:41:26,933 --> 00:41:29,565 At least another half million succumbed to starvation 570 00:41:29,567 --> 00:41:33,700 and disease, making a total dead of about three million. 571 00:41:35,167 --> 00:41:37,431 Included among the executed and burned 572 00:41:37,433 --> 00:41:40,898 were approximately 20,000 Russian prisoners of war, 573 00:41:40,900 --> 00:41:45,100 who were delivered at Auschwitz in Wehrmacht transports. 574 00:41:48,900 --> 00:41:50,631 The remainder of the total number 575 00:41:50,633 --> 00:41:53,831 included about a hundred thousand German Jews 576 00:41:53,833 --> 00:41:56,798 and great numbers of citizens from Holland, 577 00:41:56,800 --> 00:41:59,567 France, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, 578 00:42:02,933 --> 00:42:06,567 Czechoslovakia, Greece and other countries. 579 00:42:12,733 --> 00:42:15,698 Medical experiments too were standard procedure 580 00:42:15,700 --> 00:42:17,931 at many concentration camps. 581 00:42:17,933 --> 00:42:20,231 These included lowering the body temperature 582 00:42:20,233 --> 00:42:24,331 to 28 degrees centigrade, high-altitude tests 583 00:42:24,333 --> 00:42:27,998 and pressure chambers, experiments with poison bullets 584 00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:32,167 and contagious diseases and even sterilization experiments. 585 00:42:33,400 --> 00:42:35,898 - This was genocide - the premeditated 586 00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:38,565 destruction of entire peoples. 587 00:42:38,567 --> 00:42:42,365 Genocide, the direct result of the Nazi's claim 588 00:42:42,367 --> 00:42:46,165 that they had the right to destroy the party's opposition. 589 00:42:46,167 --> 00:42:49,000 Tomorrow the world, dead or alive. 590 00:42:59,300 --> 00:43:01,165 In the name of the French Republic, 591 00:43:01,167 --> 00:43:04,565 Monsieur de Menthon closes count three and four 592 00:43:04,567 --> 00:43:07,998 the final charges of the indictment. 593 00:43:10,900 --> 00:43:12,965 All the defendants committed crimes 594 00:43:12,967 --> 00:43:16,565 against humanity including the murder and persecution 595 00:43:16,567 --> 00:43:20,898 of all people opposed to the Nazi Party and the enslavement, 596 00:43:20,900 --> 00:43:25,798 exploitation and deportation of civilian populations. 597 00:43:25,800 --> 00:43:28,431 The slave labor policy was the responsibility 598 00:43:28,433 --> 00:43:31,933 of defendant Sauckel who admitted in 1944: 599 00:43:33,067 --> 00:43:34,565 Out of the five million workers 600 00:43:34,567 --> 00:43:38,600 who arrived in Germany not even 200,000 came voluntarily. 601 00:43:39,933 --> 00:43:41,731 Forced labor often meant 602 00:43:41,733 --> 00:43:43,765 brutal and degrading treatment. 603 00:43:43,767 --> 00:43:46,198 For Sauckel himself suggested: 604 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:48,098 All the men must be fed, sheltered, 605 00:43:48,100 --> 00:43:50,331 and treated in such a way as to exploit them 606 00:43:50,333 --> 00:43:52,098 to the highest possible extent 607 00:43:52,100 --> 00:43:55,000 at the lowest possible expenditure. 608 00:43:56,367 --> 00:43:59,198 And defendant Bormann added: 609 00:43:59,200 --> 00:44:01,698 The slaves are to work for us. 610 00:44:01,700 --> 00:44:05,467 Insofar as we do not need them, they may die. 611 00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:08,231 Slavery was only 612 00:44:08,233 --> 00:44:11,331 one aspect of Nazi exploitation. 613 00:44:11,333 --> 00:44:13,098 Defendant Goering, in a talk 614 00:44:13,100 --> 00:44:16,665 with German occupation authorities in 1942, 615 00:44:16,667 --> 00:44:19,965 discussed another - plunder. 616 00:44:19,967 --> 00:44:22,065 God knows you are not sent out to work 617 00:44:22,067 --> 00:44:24,465 for the welfare of the people in your charge 618 00:44:24,467 --> 00:44:26,265 but to get the utmost out of them 619 00:44:26,267 --> 00:44:28,698 so that the German people can live. 620 00:44:28,700 --> 00:44:30,965 This everlasting concern about foreign people 621 00:44:30,967 --> 00:44:33,865 must cease now once and forever. 622 00:44:33,867 --> 00:44:35,398 I have here before me reports 623 00:44:35,400 --> 00:44:37,398 on what you are expected to deliver. 624 00:44:37,400 --> 00:44:39,565 It makes no difference to me in this case 625 00:44:39,567 --> 00:44:42,867 if you say that your people will starve. 626 00:44:49,733 --> 00:44:52,231 But Nazi crimes against humanity 627 00:44:52,233 --> 00:44:55,298 were not limited to foreign peoples. 628 00:44:55,300 --> 00:44:58,598 Defendant Frick, as Minister of Interior, 629 00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:02,298 directed a program aimed at aged, insane 630 00:45:02,300 --> 00:45:06,467 or incurable Germans - the so-called useless eaters. 631 00:45:07,667 --> 00:45:11,098 Thousands were committed to special institutions. 632 00:45:11,100 --> 00:45:12,600 Few ever returned. 633 00:45:16,200 --> 00:45:19,265 Evidence proves they were murdered because they were useless 634 00:45:19,267 --> 00:45:22,433 to the plans of the Nazi conspirators. 635 00:45:24,633 --> 00:45:27,198 But perhaps the greatest crime against humanity 636 00:45:27,200 --> 00:45:30,731 the Nazis committed against the Jews. 637 00:45:30,733 --> 00:45:32,931 A campaign of hate and murder 638 00:45:32,933 --> 00:45:36,798 that goes to the heart of the Nazi movement. 639 00:46:20,667 --> 00:46:23,265 German citizens are only those of German 640 00:46:23,267 --> 00:46:25,431 or related blood willing to serve 641 00:46:25,433 --> 00:46:28,231 the German Reich and people. 642 00:46:28,233 --> 00:46:31,198 Marriages between Jews and citizens of German 643 00:46:31,200 --> 00:46:33,867 or related blood are prohibited. 644 00:47:02,567 --> 00:47:05,265 SS Brigadier General Stroop, 645 00:47:05,267 --> 00:47:08,631 in charge of the Warsaw Ghetto in 1943, 646 00:47:08,633 --> 00:47:10,965 had learned his Nazi lessons well. 647 00:47:10,967 --> 00:47:13,231 In a secret report, he said: 648 00:47:13,233 --> 00:47:15,131 The Reichsfuehrer SS ordered 649 00:47:15,133 --> 00:47:18,631 on the 23rd of April 1943, the cleaning out 650 00:47:18,633 --> 00:47:21,800 of the ghetto with utter ruthlessness. 651 00:47:28,067 --> 00:47:30,031 I, therefore, decided to destroy 652 00:47:30,033 --> 00:47:33,198 and burn down the entire ghetto. 653 00:47:33,200 --> 00:47:36,465 Jews frequently left the hideouts, but occasionally remained 654 00:47:36,467 --> 00:47:39,065 in the burning buildings and jumped out the windows 655 00:47:39,067 --> 00:47:42,133 only when the heat became unbearable. 656 00:47:49,367 --> 00:47:54,265 Life in the sewers was not pleasant after the first week. 657 00:47:54,267 --> 00:47:57,565 Tear gas bombs were thrown into the manholes 658 00:47:57,567 --> 00:48:01,065 and the Jews were driven out and captured. 659 00:48:01,067 --> 00:48:03,865 Countless numbers of Jews were liquidated in sewers 660 00:48:03,867 --> 00:48:06,398 and bunkers through blasting. 661 00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:08,398 The longer the resistance continued, 662 00:48:08,400 --> 00:48:10,865 the tougher became the members of the Waffen SS, 663 00:48:10,867 --> 00:48:13,965 police and Wehrmacht who always discharged their duties 664 00:48:13,967 --> 00:48:16,198 in an exemplary manner. 665 00:48:16,200 --> 00:48:18,631 Little by little, the Nazis were reaching 666 00:48:18,633 --> 00:48:20,731 what they called The Final Solution 667 00:48:20,733 --> 00:48:23,331 the total extermination of the Jews of Europe. 668 00:48:23,333 --> 00:48:26,198 Hess described the process well: 669 00:48:26,200 --> 00:48:28,898 We had two SS doctors on duty at Auschwitz 670 00:48:28,900 --> 00:48:31,731 to examine the incoming transports of prisoners. 671 00:48:31,733 --> 00:48:34,065 The prisoners would be marched past one of the doctors 672 00:48:34,067 --> 00:48:36,865 who would make spot decisions as they walked by. 673 00:48:36,867 --> 00:48:39,765 Those who were fit for work were sent into the camp. 674 00:48:39,767 --> 00:48:42,931 Others were sent immediately to the extermination plant. 675 00:48:42,933 --> 00:48:45,565 Children of tender years were invariably exterminated 676 00:48:45,567 --> 00:48:50,131 since, by reasons of their youth, they were unable to work. 677 00:48:50,133 --> 00:48:52,231 We endeavored to fool them into thinking 678 00:48:52,233 --> 00:48:55,900 they were to go through a delousing process. 679 00:49:04,600 --> 00:49:07,231 It took from three to 15 minutes to kill the people 680 00:49:07,233 --> 00:49:10,798 in the death chamber depending upon climatic conditions. 681 00:49:10,800 --> 00:49:12,898 We knew when the people were dead 682 00:49:12,900 --> 00:49:15,567 because their screaming stopped. 683 00:49:18,733 --> 00:49:20,931 We usually waited about one half-hour 684 00:49:20,933 --> 00:49:23,765 before we opened the doors and removed the bodies. 685 00:49:23,767 --> 00:49:25,431 After the bodies were removed, 686 00:49:25,433 --> 00:49:27,565 our special commandos took off the rings 687 00:49:27,567 --> 00:49:32,365 and extracted the gold from the teeth of the corpses. 688 00:49:32,367 --> 00:49:34,731 Much of this loot was then transferred 689 00:49:34,733 --> 00:49:38,898 to secret vaults of the Reichsbank at Frankfurt am Main 690 00:49:38,900 --> 00:49:41,833 the Reichsbank of defendant Funk. 691 00:49:47,600 --> 00:49:51,365 Labor Chief Robert Ley knew that six million Jews 692 00:49:51,367 --> 00:49:54,298 died in the Nazi's Final Solution. 693 00:49:54,300 --> 00:49:56,565 In his will, he said: 694 00:49:56,567 --> 00:49:58,931 In anti-Semitism, we violated 695 00:49:58,933 --> 00:50:02,065 a basic commandment of God's creation. 696 00:50:02,067 --> 00:50:05,131 It is hard to admit mistakes but the whole existence 697 00:50:05,133 --> 00:50:07,165 of our people is in question. 698 00:50:07,167 --> 00:50:11,198 We must have the courage to rid ourselves of anti-Semitism. 699 00:50:11,200 --> 00:50:15,331 God has taught me that in my cell in Nuremberg. 700 00:50:27,233 --> 00:50:29,231 And defendant Frank himself 701 00:50:29,233 --> 00:50:31,365 said before this Court: 702 00:50:38,033 --> 00:50:39,998 We have fought against Jewry 703 00:50:40,000 --> 00:50:41,365 and we have allowed ourselves 704 00:50:41,367 --> 00:50:44,165 to make utterances which are terrible. 705 00:50:44,167 --> 00:50:46,565 A thousand years will pass and this guilt 706 00:50:46,567 --> 00:50:49,567 of Germany will still not be erased. 707 00:50:51,700 --> 00:50:54,633 The prosecution rests. 708 00:50:56,600 --> 00:50:58,265 The defense begins. 709 00:50:58,267 --> 00:51:02,098 They call 61 witnesses and introduce 38,000 affidavits 710 00:51:02,100 --> 00:51:03,798 on the defendants behalf. 711 00:51:03,800 --> 00:51:07,898 They submit 136,000 more affidavits on behalf of the S.S., 712 00:51:07,900 --> 00:51:12,067 10,000 on behalf of the S.A., 7,000 on behalf of the S.D., 713 00:51:13,400 --> 00:51:16,998 3,000 on behalf of the General Staff and the O.K.W., 714 00:51:17,000 --> 00:51:20,265 2,000 on behalf of the Gestapo. 715 00:51:20,267 --> 00:51:24,198 These attorneys were personally selected by the defendants. 716 00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:26,665 Many are well known German lawyers 717 00:51:26,667 --> 00:51:30,398 and each now rises to plead acquittal for his crimes. 718 00:51:30,400 --> 00:51:33,667 Some make blanket denials of all guilt. 719 00:51:42,867 --> 00:51:44,698 Some of the defendants had, 720 00:51:44,700 --> 00:51:47,631 without doubt, a great influence in those spheres 721 00:51:47,633 --> 00:51:49,598 which did not interest, Hitler. 722 00:51:49,600 --> 00:51:53,031 They had no part whatsoever in the great decisions 723 00:51:53,033 --> 00:51:56,465 concerning war and peace, armistice 724 00:51:56,467 --> 00:51:58,800 and peace offers, et cetera. 725 00:52:00,100 --> 00:52:02,031 Other attorneys lead their clients 726 00:52:02,033 --> 00:52:04,165 through a carefully prepared defense. 727 00:52:04,167 --> 00:52:06,698 Here Streicher is examined. 728 00:52:10,567 --> 00:52:12,598 I now continue. 729 00:52:12,600 --> 00:52:15,098 It has also been stated by the prosecution 730 00:52:15,100 --> 00:52:17,565 that Himmler and Kaltenbrunner would have had no one 731 00:52:17,567 --> 00:52:20,298 to carry out their orders to kill if you hadn't made 732 00:52:20,300 --> 00:52:22,665 that propaganda and if you hadn't conducted 733 00:52:22,667 --> 00:52:26,733 the education of the German people in that sense. 734 00:52:32,900 --> 00:52:35,331 I don't believe that those who had been given 735 00:52:35,333 --> 00:52:38,365 the order by the Fuehrer to carry out the killings 736 00:52:38,367 --> 00:52:41,431 or to pass an order to kill, that those people 737 00:52:41,433 --> 00:52:45,431 would have been made to do this by my periodical. 738 00:52:45,433 --> 00:52:48,831 Hitler's book, Mein Kampf, existed and the contents 739 00:52:48,833 --> 00:52:52,698 of that book were the authority, the cause. 740 00:52:52,700 --> 00:52:55,798 Next comes Kaultenbrunner. 741 00:53:00,400 --> 00:53:03,131 You are accused of establishing Mauthausen, 742 00:53:03,133 --> 00:53:06,565 of inspecting and visiting this camp regularly. 743 00:53:06,567 --> 00:53:10,198 The witness Herriger testified having seen you in this camp 744 00:53:10,200 --> 00:53:12,165 and further testified having seen you 745 00:53:12,167 --> 00:53:14,365 at the inspection of gas chambers 746 00:53:14,367 --> 00:53:18,300 and while these gas chambers were in operation. 747 00:53:27,833 --> 00:53:29,865 The testimony is wrong. 748 00:53:29,867 --> 00:53:31,931 Every concentration camp in the Reich, 749 00:53:31,933 --> 00:53:34,265 of which I know anything, was established 750 00:53:34,267 --> 00:53:36,267 by Himmler through Paul. 751 00:53:37,467 --> 00:53:38,998 Later the prosecution is allowed 752 00:53:39,000 --> 00:53:41,698 to cross-examine the defendants. 753 00:53:41,700 --> 00:53:43,700 Rosenberg is questioned. 754 00:53:52,300 --> 00:53:54,598 Did your ministry force people to leave 755 00:53:54,600 --> 00:53:58,767 their homes, to go to Germany to work for the German state? 756 00:54:03,300 --> 00:54:05,731 It is true that force was used 757 00:54:05,733 --> 00:54:06,898 and it is not denied 758 00:54:06,900 --> 00:54:09,831 that some terrible encroachments occurred. 759 00:54:09,833 --> 00:54:12,598 Now Raeder takes the stand. 760 00:54:12,600 --> 00:54:15,598 On the 23rd of May, in the Reich Chancellery, 761 00:54:15,600 --> 00:54:18,131 Hitler said that he would give you an indoctrination 762 00:54:18,133 --> 00:54:21,231 on the political situation and he said, 763 00:54:21,233 --> 00:54:22,731 we are left with the decision 764 00:54:22,733 --> 00:54:25,765 to attack Poland at the first opportunity. 765 00:54:25,767 --> 00:54:30,365 Did you still think that he had no aggressive intentions? 766 00:54:34,600 --> 00:54:36,898 I believed that for a long time. 767 00:54:36,900 --> 00:54:40,231 Just as General Jodl said, after Hitler had solved 768 00:54:40,233 --> 00:54:42,598 the Czech problem purely politically, 769 00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:45,131 it was to be hoped he would also be able to solve 770 00:54:45,133 --> 00:54:47,898 the Polish question without bloodshed. 771 00:54:47,900 --> 00:54:49,998 I believed that until the last moment, 772 00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:52,067 until the 22nd of August. 773 00:54:53,400 --> 00:54:55,765 Keitel is cross-examined. 774 00:54:55,767 --> 00:54:57,631 Yesterday your counsel showed you 775 00:54:57,633 --> 00:55:00,800 this order dated 16th September, 1941. 776 00:55:02,000 --> 00:55:03,831 It said that it is necessary to take 777 00:55:03,833 --> 00:55:06,565 immediate, cruel measures and that human life 778 00:55:06,567 --> 00:55:09,331 in the East is absolutely worthless. 779 00:55:09,333 --> 00:55:11,731 You remember the basic idea of the order, 780 00:55:11,733 --> 00:55:15,133 that human life costs absolutely nothing? 781 00:55:16,567 --> 00:55:18,731 Please answer the question. 782 00:55:18,733 --> 00:55:23,431 You signed this order with this statement? 783 00:55:23,433 --> 00:55:24,267 Ja! 784 00:55:26,567 --> 00:55:28,400 Next Jodl. 785 00:55:29,767 --> 00:55:31,665 Do you remember any other reason 786 00:55:31,667 --> 00:55:35,833 for such great mortality among Soviet prisoners of war? 787 00:55:40,167 --> 00:55:42,865 I didn't know the reasons for this mass murder, 788 00:55:42,867 --> 00:55:47,033 but they seemed to be completely wrong, that I do know. 789 00:55:48,167 --> 00:55:50,598 Now von Ribbentrop. 790 00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:52,231 Are you telling the tribunal, 791 00:55:52,233 --> 00:55:54,398 on your oath, that you knew nothing 792 00:55:54,400 --> 00:55:58,467 about the effect of military pressure on Austria? 793 00:56:02,467 --> 00:56:03,865 I wish to stress again 794 00:56:03,867 --> 00:56:06,465 that I knew nothing about military measures, 795 00:56:06,467 --> 00:56:07,931 and that if I had known something, 796 00:56:07,933 --> 00:56:10,565 I wouldn't see any reason not to say so. 797 00:56:10,567 --> 00:56:13,098 But it is a fact that during the days before 798 00:56:13,100 --> 00:56:15,298 and after the Hitler-Schuschnigg meeting, 799 00:56:15,300 --> 00:56:17,931 I was so busy taking over the foreign office 800 00:56:17,933 --> 00:56:19,798 that I could give only slight attention 801 00:56:19,800 --> 00:56:21,800 to the Austrian problem. 802 00:56:33,733 --> 00:56:37,098 Then Goering is cross-examined. 803 00:56:37,100 --> 00:56:38,431 At the end of the meeting 804 00:56:38,433 --> 00:56:41,198 you used the following words didn't you? 805 00:56:41,200 --> 00:56:45,367 German Jewry must, as a penalty, forfeit one-billion marks, 806 00:56:46,567 --> 00:56:49,967 then the pigs won't commit any more crimes. 807 00:56:55,033 --> 00:56:56,998 Do you still say that neither Hitler 808 00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:00,798 nor you knew of the policy to exterminate the Jews? 809 00:57:03,933 --> 00:57:06,331 I already have said that not even approximately 810 00:57:06,333 --> 00:57:09,665 did I know to what degree this thing took place. 811 00:57:09,667 --> 00:57:11,765 You did not know to what degree, 812 00:57:11,767 --> 00:57:13,431 but you knew there was a policy 813 00:57:13,433 --> 00:57:16,933 that aimed at the liquidation of the Jews. 814 00:57:23,367 --> 00:57:25,698 No, not liquidation of the Jews. 815 00:57:25,700 --> 00:57:30,231 I only knew that certain, perpetrations had taken place. 816 00:57:30,233 --> 00:57:32,865 Speer takes the stand. 817 00:57:32,867 --> 00:57:36,698 You were present on April 23, 1945, 818 00:57:36,700 --> 00:57:39,465 when Hitler received the telegram from Goering 819 00:57:39,467 --> 00:57:42,198 suggesting that he take over power. 820 00:57:42,200 --> 00:57:45,300 What did Hitler say on that occasion? 821 00:57:53,433 --> 00:57:55,131 Hitler was most excited 822 00:57:55,133 --> 00:57:57,965 about the contents of the telegram and he expressed himself 823 00:57:57,967 --> 00:58:00,665 in a very clear manner about Goering. 824 00:58:00,667 --> 00:58:03,998 He said that he knew for some time that Goering had failed, 825 00:58:04,000 --> 00:58:06,965 that he was corrupt, that he was a drug addict. 826 00:58:06,967 --> 00:58:08,598 It was typical of Hitler's attitude 827 00:58:08,600 --> 00:58:11,198 toward the entire problem, however, that he followed 828 00:58:11,200 --> 00:58:14,631 the statement up by saying, but he can, nevertheless, 829 00:58:14,633 --> 00:58:17,398 negotiate the capitulation. 830 00:58:17,400 --> 00:58:19,565 He stated in an offhand manner, 831 00:58:19,567 --> 00:58:21,931 it doesn't really matter who does it. 832 00:58:21,933 --> 00:58:23,965 His disregard for the German nation 833 00:58:23,967 --> 00:58:27,133 was expressed in the way he said this. 834 00:58:30,567 --> 00:58:32,231 After months of examination 835 00:58:32,233 --> 00:58:34,565 and cross-examination, several defendants 836 00:58:34,567 --> 00:58:36,898 make final statements to the tribunal. 837 00:58:36,900 --> 00:58:38,698 Frank is first. 838 00:58:41,800 --> 00:58:44,565 I myself, speaking from the very depth 839 00:58:44,567 --> 00:58:47,765 of my sentiments and from the experience of five months 840 00:58:47,767 --> 00:58:50,765 of this trial, want to say this. 841 00:58:50,767 --> 00:58:53,165 Now, that I have gained the last insight 842 00:58:53,167 --> 00:58:55,565 into all that which has been committed in the way 843 00:58:55,567 --> 00:58:59,667 of dreadful atrocities, I feel a terrible guilt within me. 844 00:59:00,567 --> 00:59:02,831 Funk declares. 845 00:59:06,767 --> 00:59:08,865 When these measures of terror and violence 846 00:59:08,867 --> 00:59:11,231 against Jews were put up to me, 847 00:59:11,233 --> 00:59:14,031 I suffered a nervous break down because at the moment 848 00:59:14,033 --> 00:59:16,865 it came to my mind with full clearness 849 00:59:16,867 --> 00:59:19,731 that, from here on, the catastrophe took its course 850 00:59:19,733 --> 00:59:22,765 all the way up to the terrible and atrocious things 851 00:59:22,767 --> 00:59:25,631 about which we have heard and about which I knew only 852 00:59:25,633 --> 00:59:28,867 in part at the time of my imprisonment. 853 00:59:35,300 --> 00:59:38,165 I felt ashamed and guilty at that moment 854 00:59:38,167 --> 00:59:42,565 and I feel the same way today, but it's too late. 855 00:59:42,567 --> 00:59:45,298 Now Schirach speaks. 856 00:59:47,867 --> 00:59:50,298 It is my guilt that I educated German youth 857 00:59:50,300 --> 00:59:53,965 for a man who committed murders million fold. 858 00:59:53,967 --> 00:59:55,898 Schacht is next. 859 01:00:03,933 --> 01:00:05,998 Everything he promised to the German people, 860 01:00:06,000 --> 01:00:09,565 and, thereby to himself, he did not afterwards keep. 861 01:00:09,567 --> 01:00:12,431 He promised equal rights for all citizens 862 01:00:12,433 --> 01:00:14,631 and, without regard to their capabilities, 863 01:00:14,633 --> 01:00:18,565 his adherents got privileges before all other citizens. 864 01:00:18,567 --> 01:00:21,531 He promised to fight against political lies 865 01:00:21,533 --> 01:00:24,698 and, together with his Minister Goebbels and by himself, 866 01:00:24,700 --> 01:00:26,765 he never did anything but disseminate 867 01:00:26,767 --> 01:00:30,265 political lies and political fraud. 868 01:00:30,267 --> 01:00:33,298 He released criminals and put them into his service. 869 01:00:33,300 --> 01:00:36,465 He did everything in the way of not keeping his promises. 870 01:00:36,467 --> 01:00:39,965 He deceived the world, Germany and me. 871 01:00:39,967 --> 01:00:42,367 Speer once more. 872 01:00:43,800 --> 01:00:45,365 The tremendous danger 873 01:00:45,367 --> 01:00:48,565 contained in this totalitarian system only became 874 01:00:48,567 --> 01:00:53,065 really clear the moment we were approaching the end. 875 01:00:53,067 --> 01:00:55,465 Everything that has happened during this trial, 876 01:00:55,467 --> 01:00:57,598 everything you have seen in the way of orders 877 01:00:57,600 --> 01:01:00,565 which were carried out without any hesitation 878 01:01:00,567 --> 01:01:03,731 did, after all, turn out to be mistaken. 879 01:01:03,733 --> 01:01:06,898 That is why this trial must contribute 880 01:01:06,900 --> 01:01:10,731 to the prevention of such distorted wars in the future 881 01:01:10,733 --> 01:01:12,931 and to the establishment of principles 882 01:01:12,933 --> 01:01:14,767 for human cooperation. 883 01:01:31,967 --> 01:01:33,598 And Keitel again. 884 01:01:38,167 --> 01:01:41,298 I erred, I was not able to prevent 885 01:01:41,300 --> 01:01:42,998 what should have been prevented. 886 01:01:43,000 --> 01:01:44,400 That is my guilt. 887 01:01:45,633 --> 01:01:47,665 I can only wish that out of a clear recognition 888 01:01:47,667 --> 01:01:50,765 of the causes of the disastrous methods 889 01:01:50,767 --> 01:01:53,331 and the terrible consequences of this war, 890 01:01:53,333 --> 01:01:55,798 there will arise for the German people a new hope 891 01:01:55,800 --> 01:01:59,800 for a better future in the community of nations. 892 01:02:12,567 --> 01:02:14,465 Now Frank. 893 01:02:18,067 --> 01:02:20,098 We call on the German people, 894 01:02:20,100 --> 01:02:23,431 whose representatives we were, to abandon this way, 895 01:02:23,433 --> 01:02:26,698 which was doomed to failure in the will and justice of God 896 01:02:26,700 --> 01:02:28,131 and which is doomed for everyone 897 01:02:28,133 --> 01:02:32,033 who may try to follow it anywhere in the world. 898 01:02:38,033 --> 01:02:41,131 The last defendant to speak is Fritzsche. 899 01:02:44,367 --> 01:02:46,665 You of the prosecution did not expect 900 01:02:46,667 --> 01:02:49,131 anything good from Hitler and you are amazed 901 01:02:49,133 --> 01:02:51,798 about the extent of what really happened. 902 01:02:51,800 --> 01:02:54,465 But then try to understand the indignation of those 903 01:02:54,467 --> 01:02:56,631 who did expect something good from Hitler 904 01:02:56,633 --> 01:02:58,331 and were betrayed. 905 01:02:58,333 --> 01:03:00,567 I am one of these betrayed. 906 01:03:17,733 --> 01:03:20,798 Finally, both defense and prosecution 907 01:03:20,800 --> 01:03:24,133 sum up their arguments for the tribunal. 908 01:03:25,567 --> 01:03:27,265 An aggressor can be branded only 909 01:03:27,267 --> 01:03:28,798 by the world's conscience. 910 01:03:28,800 --> 01:03:32,765 That supreme organ of humanity must have not only real, 911 01:03:32,767 --> 01:03:34,665 but also moral authority. 912 01:03:34,667 --> 01:03:36,998 Its impartial judgment must be looked upon 913 01:03:37,000 --> 01:03:38,431 with general confidence. 914 01:03:38,433 --> 01:03:42,431 It must stand above the contesting parties. 915 01:03:42,433 --> 01:03:44,698 In the name of the United States of America, 916 01:03:44,700 --> 01:03:47,900 Justice Jackson delivers his summation. 917 01:03:52,033 --> 01:03:55,198 According to the testimony of each defendant, 918 01:03:55,200 --> 01:03:58,033 these men saw no evil, spoke none, 919 01:03:59,200 --> 01:04:01,865 and none was uttered in their presence. 920 01:04:01,867 --> 01:04:05,965 If we combine only the stories from the front bench, 921 01:04:05,967 --> 01:04:08,331 this is the ridiculous, composite picture 922 01:04:08,333 --> 01:04:11,333 of Hitler's government that emerges. 923 01:04:12,567 --> 01:04:15,798 It was composed of a number two man 924 01:04:15,800 --> 01:04:19,398 who never suspected the Jewish extermination program, 925 01:04:19,400 --> 01:04:24,031 although he signed over a score of anti-Semitic decrees. 926 01:04:24,033 --> 01:04:27,698 A number three man who is merely an innocent middle-man 927 01:04:27,700 --> 01:04:30,898 transmitting Hitler's orders without even reading them 928 01:04:30,900 --> 01:04:33,667 like a postman or a delivery boy. 929 01:04:35,300 --> 01:04:38,598 A Foreign Minister who knew little of foreign affairs 930 01:04:38,600 --> 01:04:41,100 and nothing of foreign policy. 931 01:04:44,300 --> 01:04:47,931 A field marshal who issued orders to the armed forces 932 01:04:47,933 --> 01:04:52,100 but had no idea of the results they would have in practice. 933 01:04:54,567 --> 01:04:56,998 A Security Chief who was of the impression 934 01:04:57,000 --> 01:05:00,565 that the policing functions of his Gestapo and S.D. 935 01:05:00,567 --> 01:05:04,965 were somewhat on the lines of directing traffic. 936 01:05:04,967 --> 01:05:08,565 A party philosopher who had no idea of the violence 937 01:05:08,567 --> 01:05:12,667 which his philosophy was inciting in the 20th century. 938 01:05:14,633 --> 01:05:18,800 A Governor-General of Poland who reigned, but did not rule. 939 01:05:20,933 --> 01:05:24,098 A Gauleiter of Franconia whose occupation 940 01:05:24,100 --> 01:05:27,565 was to pour forth filthy writings about the Jews, 941 01:05:27,567 --> 01:05:31,567 but who had no idea that anybody would read them. 942 01:05:35,267 --> 01:05:37,631 A Minister of the Interior who knew 943 01:05:37,633 --> 01:05:40,465 not even what went on in his own office, 944 01:05:40,467 --> 01:05:43,431 much less the interior of his own department, 945 01:05:43,433 --> 01:05:47,131 and nothing at all about the interior of Germany. 946 01:05:47,133 --> 01:05:50,065 A Reichsbank president who is totally ignorant 947 01:05:50,067 --> 01:05:54,233 of what went in and out of the vaults of his bank. 948 01:05:56,967 --> 01:06:00,565 To say of these men that they are not guilty, 949 01:06:00,567 --> 01:06:03,665 it would be as true to say there has been no war, 950 01:06:03,667 --> 01:06:07,333 there are no slain, there has been no crime. 951 01:06:09,767 --> 01:06:11,231 In the name of the United Kingdom 952 01:06:11,233 --> 01:06:13,065 of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 953 01:06:13,067 --> 01:06:15,965 Sir Hartley Shawcross delivers his summation. 954 01:06:15,967 --> 01:06:18,198 This trial must form a milestone 955 01:06:18,200 --> 01:06:20,465 in the history of civilization. 956 01:06:20,467 --> 01:06:23,165 Not only marking that right shall in the end 957 01:06:23,167 --> 01:06:26,698 triumph over evil, but also that ordinary people 958 01:06:26,700 --> 01:06:29,298 of the world and, I make no distinction here 959 01:06:29,300 --> 01:06:32,431 between friend and foe, are now determined 960 01:06:32,433 --> 01:06:36,065 that the individual must transcend the state. 961 01:06:36,067 --> 01:06:39,465 The state and law are made for man, 962 01:06:39,467 --> 01:06:42,665 that through them he may achieve a fuller life, 963 01:06:42,667 --> 01:06:46,731 a higher purpose and a greater dignity. 964 01:06:46,733 --> 01:06:48,165 In the name of the Union 965 01:06:48,167 --> 01:06:50,831 of Soviet Socialist Republics, General Rudenko 966 01:06:50,833 --> 01:06:53,365 delivers his summation. 967 01:06:53,367 --> 01:06:55,931 And when we ask have the charges 968 01:06:55,933 --> 01:06:59,465 against the defendants been proved before the court, 969 01:06:59,467 --> 01:07:02,765 have the defendants been convicted of their guilt? 970 01:07:02,767 --> 01:07:04,765 There is only one answer. 971 01:07:04,767 --> 01:07:07,298 Their crimes have been proved. 972 01:07:07,300 --> 01:07:10,565 Neither the statements of the defendants nor the arguments 973 01:07:10,567 --> 01:07:14,898 of the defense were able to refute our grave accusations. 974 01:07:14,900 --> 01:07:17,365 It has been impossible to cast doubt 975 01:07:17,367 --> 01:07:20,265 on events which actually took place. 976 01:07:20,267 --> 01:07:22,865 The truth cannot be challenged. 977 01:07:22,867 --> 01:07:25,931 That is the real meaning of this trial. 978 01:07:25,933 --> 01:07:30,100 That is the lasting result of our long and strenuous effort. 979 01:07:31,300 --> 01:07:33,298 In the name of the French Republic, 980 01:07:33,300 --> 01:07:36,231 Monsieur de Ribes delivers his summation. 981 01:07:36,233 --> 01:07:39,098 When this international trial is closed 982 01:07:39,100 --> 01:07:41,831 and the principal war criminals sentenced, 983 01:07:41,833 --> 01:07:45,065 we shall go back to our own countries. 984 01:07:45,067 --> 01:07:47,565 The fate of these men now lies 985 01:07:47,567 --> 01:07:49,931 entirely with your conscience. 986 01:07:49,933 --> 01:07:52,431 This is beyond our competence. 987 01:07:52,433 --> 01:07:54,431 Our task is finished. 988 01:07:54,433 --> 01:07:57,998 Now it is for you, in the silence of your deliberations, 989 01:07:58,000 --> 01:08:01,933 to listen to innocent blood crying for justice. 990 01:08:26,000 --> 01:08:29,698 Lord Justice Lawrence, Great Britain. 991 01:08:29,700 --> 01:08:32,433 Mr Frances Biddle, United States. 992 01:08:33,467 --> 01:08:35,700 Monsieur de Vabres, France. 993 01:08:36,833 --> 01:08:39,765 And Major General Nikitchenko, U.S.S.R. 994 01:08:39,767 --> 01:08:42,931 and their alternates prepare the verdict. 995 01:08:42,933 --> 01:08:47,031 It will be based on the opinion of the majority. 996 01:09:12,700 --> 01:09:16,565 On October 1st, 1946, the verdict is delivered 997 01:09:16,567 --> 01:09:20,733 by Lord Justice Lawrence, president of the tribunal. 998 01:09:23,567 --> 01:09:27,931 Of the organizations, the S.S., S.D., 999 01:09:27,933 --> 01:09:32,131 Gestapo and leadership corps are found guilty. 1000 01:09:32,133 --> 01:09:36,765 The high command, S.A. and Reich cabinet, not guilty. 1001 01:09:36,767 --> 01:09:40,700 As for the individual, Wilhelm Hermann Goering: 1002 01:09:41,900 --> 01:09:45,298 guilty of conspiracy, crimes against peace, 1003 01:09:45,300 --> 01:09:49,131 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1004 01:09:49,133 --> 01:09:50,567 Death by hanging. 1005 01:09:52,433 --> 01:09:56,600 Rudolph Hess: guilty of conspiracy and crimes against peace. 1006 01:09:59,267 --> 01:10:01,398 Life imprisonment. 1007 01:10:01,400 --> 01:10:05,133 Joachim Von Ribbentrop: guilty of conspiracy, 1008 01:10:06,033 --> 01:10:08,998 crimes against peace, war crimes 1009 01:10:09,000 --> 01:10:11,331 and crimes against humanity. 1010 01:10:11,333 --> 01:10:12,767 Death by hanging. 1011 01:10:14,467 --> 01:10:18,633 Wilhelm Keitel: guilty of conspiracy, crimes against peace, 1012 01:10:20,367 --> 01:10:23,865 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1013 01:10:23,867 --> 01:10:25,300 Death by hanging. 1014 01:10:28,667 --> 01:10:32,100 Ernst Kaltenbrunner: guilty of war crimes 1015 01:10:33,000 --> 01:10:35,931 and crimes against humanity. 1016 01:10:35,933 --> 01:10:37,367 Death by hanging. 1017 01:10:38,933 --> 01:10:42,167 Alfred Rosenberg: guilty of conspiracy, 1018 01:10:43,267 --> 01:10:46,098 crimes against peace, war crimes 1019 01:10:46,100 --> 01:10:48,731 and crimes against humanity. 1020 01:10:48,733 --> 01:10:50,133 Death by hanging. 1021 01:10:51,767 --> 01:10:54,433 Hans Frank: guilty of war crimes 1022 01:10:55,567 --> 01:10:57,898 and crimes against humanity. 1023 01:10:57,900 --> 01:10:59,333 Death by hanging. 1024 01:11:00,567 --> 01:11:04,931 Wilhelm Frick: guilty of crimes against peace, 1025 01:11:04,933 --> 01:11:08,167 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1026 01:11:09,400 --> 01:11:10,833 Death by hanging. 1027 01:11:12,233 --> 01:11:16,333 Julius Streicher: guilty of crimes against humanity. 1028 01:11:18,000 --> 01:11:19,433 Death by hanging. 1029 01:11:20,633 --> 01:11:24,167 Walter Funk: guilty of crimes against peace, 1030 01:11:25,300 --> 01:11:28,798 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1031 01:11:28,800 --> 01:11:30,300 Life imprisonment. 1032 01:11:31,700 --> 01:11:34,865 Hjalmar Schacht: not guilty on this indictment. 1033 01:11:34,867 --> 01:11:36,431 Released. 1034 01:11:36,433 --> 01:11:40,600 Karl Doenitz: guilty of crimes against peace and war crimes. 1035 01:11:43,133 --> 01:11:45,731 10 years imprisonment. 1036 01:11:45,733 --> 01:11:48,898 Erich Raeder: guilty of conspiracy, 1037 01:11:48,900 --> 01:11:51,865 crimes against peace and war crimes. 1038 01:11:51,867 --> 01:11:54,031 Life imprisonment. 1039 01:11:54,033 --> 01:11:58,200 Baldur von Schirach: guilty of crimes against humanity. 1040 01:12:00,333 --> 01:12:02,167 20 years imprisonment. 1041 01:12:03,267 --> 01:12:06,167 Fritz Sauckel: guilty of war crimes 1042 01:12:07,200 --> 01:12:09,598 and crimes against humanity. 1043 01:12:09,600 --> 01:12:11,000 Death by hanging. 1044 01:12:13,233 --> 01:12:17,400 Alfred Jodl: guilty of conspiracy, crimes against peace, 1045 01:12:19,267 --> 01:12:22,931 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1046 01:12:22,933 --> 01:12:24,333 Death by hanging. 1047 01:12:26,033 --> 01:12:30,598 Franz von Papen: not guilty on this indictment. 1048 01:12:30,600 --> 01:12:32,265 Released. 1049 01:12:32,267 --> 01:12:35,100 Albert Speer: guilty of war crimes 1050 01:12:36,067 --> 01:12:39,031 and crimes against humanity. 1051 01:12:39,033 --> 01:12:40,867 20 years imprisonment. 1052 01:12:42,067 --> 01:12:46,231 Constantin von Neurath: guilty of conspiracy, 1053 01:12:46,233 --> 01:12:49,365 crimes against peace, war crimes 1054 01:12:49,367 --> 01:12:51,865 and crimes against humanity. 1055 01:12:51,867 --> 01:12:53,700 15 years imprisonment. 1056 01:12:56,833 --> 01:13:01,000 Artur Seyss-Inquart: guilty of crimes against peace, 1057 01:13:02,133 --> 01:13:05,665 war crimes and crimes against humanity. 1058 01:13:05,667 --> 01:13:07,067 Death by hanging. 1059 01:13:09,433 --> 01:13:13,565 Hanz Fritzsche: not guilty on this indictment. 1060 01:13:13,567 --> 01:13:14,400 Released. 1061 01:13:15,900 --> 01:13:20,067 Martin Bormann, tried in absentia: guilty of war crimes 1062 01:13:21,400 --> 01:13:23,731 and crimes against humanity. 1063 01:13:23,733 --> 01:13:25,133 Death by hanging. 1064 01:13:29,100 --> 01:13:31,667 The trial is over. 1065 01:13:47,267 --> 01:13:50,200 Seven begin their prison sentences. 1066 01:13:52,900 --> 01:13:56,167 Goering chooses to die by his own hand. 1067 01:13:57,333 --> 01:13:59,867 The other 10 wait for the gallows. 1068 01:14:15,467 --> 01:14:19,633 In Nuremberg, the people of the world found out and why. 1069 01:14:22,033 --> 01:14:26,931 But Nuremberg is more than an answer to a question. 1070 01:14:26,933 --> 01:14:30,567 As Justice Jackson said, this trial is part 1071 01:14:31,900 --> 01:14:36,298 of the great effort to make the peace more secure. 1072 01:14:36,300 --> 01:14:40,265 It constitutes juridical action of a kind to ensure 1073 01:14:40,267 --> 01:14:44,567 that those who start a war will pay for it personally. 1074 01:14:46,300 --> 01:14:49,800 Nuremberg stands as a warning to all those 1075 01:14:50,967 --> 01:14:53,567 who plan and wage aggressive war. 1076 01:14:57,168 --> 01:15:02,168 Subtitles by explosiveskull 1076 01:15:03,305 --> 01:15:09,181 Support us and become VIP member to remove all ads from SubtitleDB.org 86777

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