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All across this planet,
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young animals in the wild
must learn how to
survive and thrive.
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00:00:39,790 --> 00:00:42,960
They are taught
these life lessons
by their parents...
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00:00:45,086 --> 00:00:47,965
but also by
the other members
of their communities.
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00:00:55,430 --> 00:00:58,893
Each will follow
a very different path.
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00:01:01,687 --> 00:01:04,523
Some will
become great hunters.
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00:01:07,108 --> 00:01:10,905
Others will learn
the secrets of the forest.
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00:01:17,995 --> 00:01:19,955
They will all face
unique challenges...
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00:01:21,248 --> 00:01:23,208
and master different skills,
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00:01:23,250 --> 00:01:26,085
passed down generations.
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00:01:27,546 --> 00:01:31,299
Five remarkable
young animals.
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00:01:31,341 --> 00:01:36,555
Five incredible tales
of growing up wild.
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00:01:41,810 --> 00:01:45,689
STARTING OUT
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00:01:45,731 --> 00:01:49,818
In the white-capped
peaks of Alaska,
it's late spring.
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00:01:51,528 --> 00:01:55,449
Soon, much of this snow
will have melted.
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00:01:55,490 --> 00:02:00,495
But at the moment,
it's concealing a cozy home.
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00:02:00,537 --> 00:02:04,833
The winter den of
a mother brown bear
and her two tiny cubs.
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00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:08,336
The cubs were born in here.
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00:02:08,378 --> 00:02:10,213
They're only
a few months old,
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00:02:10,255 --> 00:02:13,634
and their mother's been
looking after them
all on her own.
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00:02:15,260 --> 00:02:17,721
She dug them this warm den
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00:02:17,763 --> 00:02:20,599
and lined it with
dry grass months ago.
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00:02:23,226 --> 00:02:25,646
And even though
she hasn't eaten
since entering,
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00:02:25,687 --> 00:02:28,857
she's still
been producing milk
for her cubs.
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00:02:28,899 --> 00:02:30,734
It's one of
the things that make bears
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00:02:30,776 --> 00:02:32,903
different from our
other animal families.
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00:02:40,410 --> 00:02:42,746
But there's a problem.
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00:02:42,788 --> 00:02:45,707
The fat reserves
the mother built up
last summer,
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00:02:45,749 --> 00:02:49,461
in preparation
for hibernation,
are running out...
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00:02:49,503 --> 00:02:52,422
and, therefore, so is
the milk the cubs need.
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00:02:56,259 --> 00:02:59,220
Soon, hunger will force them
to take their first steps
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00:02:59,262 --> 00:03:02,432
outside the safety
of their den...
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00:03:02,474 --> 00:03:05,060
to embark on
an incredible journey.
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00:03:05,102 --> 00:03:08,605
One of great risk
and great reward.
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00:03:11,650 --> 00:03:13,735
Only one in
three cubs is likely
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00:03:13,777 --> 00:03:15,904
to make it to
their first birthday.
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00:03:17,489 --> 00:03:21,535
This will be the most
important year
of their lives.
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00:03:32,087 --> 00:03:34,089
On the open plains
of Africa,
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00:03:34,131 --> 00:03:37,425
another single
mom is introducing
her brand-new cubs
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00:03:37,467 --> 00:03:39,469
to their brand-new world.
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00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:48,311
Five baby cheetahs
and their adoring mother.
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00:03:54,568 --> 00:03:56,820
No den for these cubs.
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00:03:56,862 --> 00:04:00,074
They were born right here
on these grasslands.
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00:04:01,575 --> 00:04:03,660
It might seem serene here,
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00:04:03,702 --> 00:04:07,081
but life in this place is
extremely difficult...
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00:04:08,207 --> 00:04:09,666
and dangerous.
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00:04:12,836 --> 00:04:14,629
To survive,
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00:04:14,671 --> 00:04:17,925
these young cats
will have to follow
in their mother's footsteps
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00:04:17,966 --> 00:04:20,844
and become the fastest
hunters on Earth.
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00:04:25,849 --> 00:04:28,018
She alone will train them,
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00:04:28,060 --> 00:04:30,437
push them to their limits
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00:04:30,478 --> 00:04:33,356
and prepare them
for their fiercest enemies.
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00:04:42,032 --> 00:04:46,954
Not far away lives another
majestic feline family.
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00:04:55,420 --> 00:04:59,716
A family very different
from the cheetahs
in so many ways.
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00:05:01,843 --> 00:05:07,557
A young lion cub
grows up in a family
of 12 or more relatives...
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00:05:07,599 --> 00:05:09,851
much larger than
that of a cheetah.
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00:05:14,273 --> 00:05:17,358
He has plenty of
cousins to play with.
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00:05:23,782 --> 00:05:25,909
He has numerous aunts
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00:05:25,951 --> 00:05:28,578
and a loving mother
to nurture him.
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00:05:34,417 --> 00:05:37,045
And, above all of them,
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00:05:37,087 --> 00:05:41,633
a mighty warrior protector,
his father.
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00:05:45,470 --> 00:05:48,556
One day the cub may rule
his own land,
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00:05:48,598 --> 00:05:50,142
but before then,
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00:05:50,184 --> 00:05:53,854
he must come to
understand his place
in the pride...
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00:05:53,895 --> 00:05:59,109
and how the family
unites to overcome
their greatest adversary.
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00:05:59,151 --> 00:06:00,194
Buffalo.
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00:06:16,584 --> 00:06:18,253
In Sri Lanka,
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00:06:18,295 --> 00:06:22,090
abandoned ruins
serve as a home
to an even bigger family.
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00:06:36,646 --> 00:06:38,899
These are toque macaques.
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00:06:38,940 --> 00:06:41,151
They live in a society
of about 50 members,
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00:06:41,193 --> 00:06:45,322
far larger and more complex
than any cat or bear family.
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00:06:50,577 --> 00:06:54,248
Life as a young monkey
might look like
a barrel of laughs...
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00:06:54,289 --> 00:06:58,126
but they're all governed
by a strict social order.
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00:06:58,168 --> 00:07:01,629
Being part of a troop
is great for protection
and food,
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00:07:01,671 --> 00:07:04,758
but it comes at a cost.
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00:07:04,799 --> 00:07:08,178
How important you are
and what you're
allowed to eat
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00:07:08,220 --> 00:07:10,972
all depends on
who your mother is.
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00:07:17,812 --> 00:07:21,942
The high-born kids are
treated like royalty.
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00:07:22,943 --> 00:07:24,569
While the lower-class kids
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00:07:24,611 --> 00:07:29,532
are reminded
every minute of every day
where they stand.
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00:07:29,574 --> 00:07:33,203
This is no place to try
and get above yourself.
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00:07:44,881 --> 00:07:48,843
For the lowest of the low,
like this little guy...
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00:07:48,885 --> 00:07:51,763
it makes daily life
a real uphill battle.
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00:07:53,890 --> 00:07:56,977
He's the last in
line for everything...
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00:07:57,018 --> 00:08:01,273
and has to find ways
to survive on the
very edge of society.
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00:08:07,862 --> 00:08:11,825
Our fifth story takes place
in a great rainforest
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00:08:11,866 --> 00:08:14,202
in the wild heart of Africa.
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00:08:17,538 --> 00:08:21,084
The forest is
just waking up.
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00:08:21,126 --> 00:08:24,463
And so is this curious
young chimpanzee.
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00:08:26,631 --> 00:08:30,469
Unlike the rigid hierarchy
of the macaques,
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00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:33,138
this guy lives in
a much more relaxed
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00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:35,974
community of
about 30 relatives.
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00:08:38,643 --> 00:08:43,106
These chimpanzees are
the most advanced of
our five animal families,
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00:08:43,148 --> 00:08:46,109
and have developed
some truly amazing skills
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00:08:46,151 --> 00:08:47,568
that few others can match.
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00:08:52,907 --> 00:08:54,951
This knowledge is
passed down
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00:08:54,993 --> 00:08:57,871
from one generation
to the next.
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00:09:01,708 --> 00:09:05,170
It helps the oldest,
wisest chimps
to lead the troop.
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00:09:09,424 --> 00:09:14,137
Such wisdom may take
the young chimp
20 years to acquire.
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00:09:15,722 --> 00:09:16,931
Along the way,
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00:09:16,973 --> 00:09:18,850
he'll need to
learn to distinguish
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00:09:18,892 --> 00:09:21,728
between skills that
are actually useful
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00:09:21,769 --> 00:09:23,355
and skills that are...
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00:09:24,939 --> 00:09:26,607
not so useful.
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00:09:28,776 --> 00:09:30,404
This journey
of understanding
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00:09:30,445 --> 00:09:32,822
will draw on the knowledge
of the whole troop
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00:09:32,864 --> 00:09:35,033
and all of its elders.
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00:09:38,078 --> 00:09:40,205
There's no going it alone
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00:09:40,247 --> 00:09:42,790
for a young chimp
growing up in the wild.
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00:09:44,334 --> 00:09:47,421
KEYS TO
SURVIVAL
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00:09:47,462 --> 00:09:49,964
The first few months
of a young animal's life
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00:09:50,006 --> 00:09:52,759
are a time of
pure amazement.
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00:09:54,428 --> 00:09:57,597
But there are
also great dangers.
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00:09:57,638 --> 00:09:59,682
Unlike our other animals,
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00:09:59,724 --> 00:10:03,853
bears hibernate in
the safety of their den
for the entire winter,
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00:10:03,895 --> 00:10:06,981
when there's no
food to be had.
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00:10:07,023 --> 00:10:10,193
But it's late spring,
and the mother is starving.
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00:10:11,194 --> 00:10:13,238
It is time to go find food.
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00:10:15,823 --> 00:10:19,035
The first great threat
our cubs must face
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00:10:19,077 --> 00:10:22,330
is the enormous spring thaw
in the mountains.
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00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:26,084
Deep cracks in the glaciers
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00:10:26,126 --> 00:10:29,045
make certain areas
too treacherous to cross.
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00:10:30,922 --> 00:10:35,510
And the unstable,
softening snow
can turn one wrong footstep
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00:10:35,552 --> 00:10:37,720
into a deadly disaster.
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00:10:58,158 --> 00:11:00,118
Within five seconds,
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00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:03,580
an avalanche can reach
80 miles per hour.
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00:11:11,212 --> 00:11:15,049
The largest can travel
two miles downhill.
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00:11:31,316 --> 00:11:36,737
One hundred thousand tons
of snow, ice and rock
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00:11:36,779 --> 00:11:39,115
consumes all before it.
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00:11:58,801 --> 00:12:03,473
Any bear caught
in its icy grip
will be swept to its death.
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00:12:05,308 --> 00:12:08,102
However, our cubs are lucky.
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00:12:08,144 --> 00:12:10,021
Their mother
knows a safe route.
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00:12:10,063 --> 00:12:14,067
One she learned
from her mother years ago.
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00:12:14,108 --> 00:12:16,570
Her fat reserves
are almost gone.
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00:12:16,611 --> 00:12:19,447
She's lost 40%
of her body weight,
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00:12:19,489 --> 00:12:22,617
and soon her
milk will run out.
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00:12:22,659 --> 00:12:25,537
Before then, she needs
to reach the coast
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00:12:25,579 --> 00:12:28,456
and the food that they
so desperately need.
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00:12:32,711 --> 00:12:34,753
Back on the African plains,
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00:12:34,795 --> 00:12:38,007
our cheetah family faces
a very different challenge.
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00:12:40,218 --> 00:12:41,844
While the bears must survive
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00:12:41,886 --> 00:12:45,223
their environment literally
collapsing around them,
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00:12:45,265 --> 00:12:47,684
these cubs must contend
with the other animals
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00:12:47,726 --> 00:12:49,686
that share
their environment.
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00:12:53,814 --> 00:12:56,150
They're only two months old.
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00:12:56,192 --> 00:12:59,904
They're still
adjusting to this diverse
grassland community
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00:12:59,946 --> 00:13:03,032
and they have yet to learn
friend from foe.
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00:13:08,747 --> 00:13:11,207
Guess that's what
mothers are for.
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00:13:15,503 --> 00:13:18,548
She's also the one
who will teach them to hunt.
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00:13:19,924 --> 00:13:22,719
Her cubs will
soon be fully weaned.
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00:13:22,761 --> 00:13:26,473
It's time for them to learn
the art of the chase.
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00:13:33,563 --> 00:13:35,064
Not far away,
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00:13:35,106 --> 00:13:38,652
another would-be hunter
is learning the ropes.
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00:13:40,654 --> 00:13:42,947
The large pride
supporting our lion cub
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00:13:42,989 --> 00:13:45,032
makes his early
formative years
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00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:47,285
markedly different
from the cheetahs'.
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00:13:50,913 --> 00:13:53,082
And different threats
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00:13:53,124 --> 00:13:55,752
require different
defensive skills.
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00:13:58,837 --> 00:14:02,967
Don't be fooled into
thinking these buffalo
are just big, gentle cattle.
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00:14:03,009 --> 00:14:07,764
They are 2,000 pounds
of don't-mess-with-me.
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00:14:07,806 --> 00:14:13,060
They are one of
the few animals
that willfully kill lions.
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00:14:13,102 --> 00:14:16,063
The mother needs
to move her cub
to safety.
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00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:47,470
Some of the buffalo herd
work to scatter
the lion pride.
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00:14:55,812 --> 00:14:58,064
Others target the cubs.
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00:15:04,654 --> 00:15:08,032
This mother attempts
to draw the buffalo away.
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00:15:19,878 --> 00:15:22,046
Safe for the moment.
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00:15:36,895 --> 00:15:39,689
The terrified cub panics.
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00:15:47,781 --> 00:15:51,200
Surrounded and all alone,
he makes a critical error.
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00:15:52,619 --> 00:15:54,537
He calls out for his mother.
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00:15:56,748 --> 00:15:59,500
But it's the buffalo
who hear his cries.
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00:16:09,051 --> 00:16:11,512
Suddenly, his mother
leaps into the fray
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00:16:11,554 --> 00:16:14,014
and leads a bold
counter-offensive.
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00:16:18,853 --> 00:16:21,272
The rest of the pride
join the attack.
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00:16:50,384 --> 00:16:52,052
At last,
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00:16:52,094 --> 00:16:54,347
the mother locates her cub.
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00:16:57,099 --> 00:16:59,352
The bond between a mother
and her cub
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00:16:59,393 --> 00:17:01,938
is as strong a force
as any in nature.
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00:17:04,899 --> 00:17:07,735
And with the rest of
the pride to back her up,
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00:17:07,777 --> 00:17:11,030
right now her cub
has a much greater
shot at survival
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00:17:11,071 --> 00:17:12,657
than many other
young animals.
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00:17:21,165 --> 00:17:26,253
In Alaska, our bear family
has reached their
destination.
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00:17:26,295 --> 00:17:28,255
They've made it
through the mountains,
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00:17:28,297 --> 00:17:30,884
down to the lush
coastal meadows.
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00:17:33,011 --> 00:17:34,721
Unlike the lion cub,
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00:17:34,762 --> 00:17:37,640
these young bears have
only their mother
to look after them.
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00:17:39,809 --> 00:17:42,269
Exploring their world
for the first time,
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00:17:42,311 --> 00:17:45,023
they are in a permanent
state of wonder.
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00:17:50,152 --> 00:17:51,946
And for good reason.
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00:17:59,787 --> 00:18:02,373
All the bears
have come out
of hibernation.
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00:18:09,881 --> 00:18:11,883
Like the cubs' mother,
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00:18:11,925 --> 00:18:14,761
they've slept all
winter without eating,
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00:18:14,802 --> 00:18:17,597
and they're really hungry.
193
00:18:20,975 --> 00:18:22,977
Hungry enough to eat grass.
194
00:18:25,021 --> 00:18:27,815
Fresh sedge grass quells
their immediate hunger
195
00:18:27,857 --> 00:18:29,275
and is easy to digest.
196
00:18:30,860 --> 00:18:34,030
But it's not
particularly appetizing.
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00:18:39,869 --> 00:18:41,662
The good thing is,
you don't have
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00:18:41,704 --> 00:18:43,915
to waste any energy
trying to find it,
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00:18:43,957 --> 00:18:46,333
which is ideal
for the cubs.
200
00:18:46,375 --> 00:18:48,669
Since leaving their den,
they've hit a growth spurt
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00:18:48,711 --> 00:18:51,047
and are constantly hungry.
202
00:19:03,183 --> 00:19:05,478
Experienced older
bears have learned
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00:19:05,519 --> 00:19:07,855
that this is the time
for eating all you can
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00:19:07,897 --> 00:19:10,066
and conserving
your strength.
205
00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:23,203
Now the cubs' mother
doesn't have
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00:19:23,245 --> 00:19:25,539
the option of laying around.
207
00:19:25,581 --> 00:19:27,249
After six months
without food,
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00:19:27,291 --> 00:19:30,920
she needs
the protein-rich grass
to keep her milk flowing.
209
00:19:33,923 --> 00:19:36,467
Her growing cubs
are now demanding
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00:19:36,509 --> 00:19:40,096
four times as much milk
as they did in the den.
211
00:19:44,266 --> 00:19:48,187
Both cubs are greedy
for all the milk
they can get.
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00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:53,400
They aren't satisfied
unless they get
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00:19:53,442 --> 00:19:56,570
45 ounces of milk a day.
214
00:19:56,612 --> 00:19:58,489
And if one of them
suspects the other
215
00:19:58,531 --> 00:20:01,367
of getting an extra
ounce or two on the side,
216
00:20:01,408 --> 00:20:03,786
watch out.
217
00:20:14,421 --> 00:20:16,590
Their mother knows
the cubs must learn
218
00:20:16,632 --> 00:20:18,467
not to draw
attention to themselves.
219
00:20:22,221 --> 00:20:25,683
There are dangerous bears
here they need to avoid.
220
00:20:28,186 --> 00:20:32,773
The biggest males can weigh
as much as 1,000 pounds.
221
00:20:32,815 --> 00:20:35,068
Three times bigger
than their mother.
222
00:20:51,042 --> 00:20:55,004
Someday, our cubs, too,
may have to face down rivals
223
00:20:55,046 --> 00:20:57,256
in such open
displays of strength.
224
00:21:00,300 --> 00:21:03,429
But right now,
it's the bears
they can't see
225
00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:05,514
that they need to
be worried about.
226
00:21:07,183 --> 00:21:10,937
A large, starving male
has caught their scent.
227
00:21:15,149 --> 00:21:18,360
He will kill and
eat them if he can.
228
00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,747
The mother is desperate
to get them to the
safety of cover.
229
00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:18,879
But it's too late.
230
00:22:22,091 --> 00:22:23,926
Their pursuer is upon them.
231
00:22:25,719 --> 00:22:27,513
The cost of being
a single mother
232
00:22:27,554 --> 00:22:29,347
now becomes clear.
233
00:22:29,389 --> 00:22:31,934
Unlike the lions,
she has no sisters
234
00:22:31,976 --> 00:22:34,061
to help her
protect her cubs.
235
00:22:34,103 --> 00:22:36,063
She's completely on her own.
236
00:22:52,121 --> 00:22:55,457
In the midst of the attack,
she loses track of her cubs.
237
00:22:58,211 --> 00:23:00,087
It's exactly what
the big male
238
00:23:00,129 --> 00:23:01,505
has been waiting for.
239
00:23:07,136 --> 00:23:11,640
Attacks by male bears
are one of the main
causes of cub deaths.
240
00:23:16,229 --> 00:23:18,189
But not this time.
241
00:23:18,231 --> 00:23:20,566
While he's thrown off
trying to track their scent,
242
00:23:20,607 --> 00:23:23,569
the mother seizes her chance
to get her cubs to safety.
243
00:23:27,114 --> 00:23:31,911
A mother is
a cub's best defense
against all threats.
244
00:23:37,666 --> 00:23:40,418
FINDING FOOD
245
00:23:40,460 --> 00:23:43,421
Just surviving the dangers
of day-to-day life
246
00:23:43,463 --> 00:23:46,384
can be a trial
for young animals.
247
00:23:46,424 --> 00:23:50,428
But they must also learn
to feed themselves.
248
00:23:52,806 --> 00:23:56,852
It's dawn in the jungle
palace of Sri Lanka.
249
00:23:56,894 --> 00:23:59,021
The locals are
just waking up,
250
00:23:59,063 --> 00:24:01,648
and are hungry
for breakfast.
251
00:24:11,825 --> 00:24:15,996
The monkeys' search
for food is constant.
252
00:24:16,038 --> 00:24:17,706
And today,
they've descended upon
253
00:24:17,748 --> 00:24:20,500
a banyan tree
full of ripe figs.
254
00:24:22,753 --> 00:24:26,299
Nearly 80% of
their diet is fruit.
255
00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:30,677
But fruit lacks one
vital element... protein.
256
00:24:38,269 --> 00:24:39,937
Some members of the troop,
257
00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:43,399
if they're crafty enough
and lucky enough,
258
00:24:43,441 --> 00:24:47,527
will find one of
the richest sources
of protein...
259
00:24:47,569 --> 00:24:49,071
birds' eggs.
260
00:24:51,573 --> 00:24:54,076
Call it an
extra-soft omelet.
261
00:24:58,456 --> 00:25:02,835
An easier and less
goopy alternative
are mushrooms.
262
00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:06,255
They taste pretty good, too.
263
00:25:11,302 --> 00:25:14,221
At a lily pond on the
outskirts of the ruins,
264
00:25:14,263 --> 00:25:17,308
these highly resourceful
macaques have developed
265
00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:20,060
a surprisingly innovative
and unusual method
266
00:25:20,102 --> 00:25:21,603
of foraging for food.
267
00:25:24,273 --> 00:25:27,318
The young watch and learn
from their mothers.
268
00:25:29,445 --> 00:25:33,449
The seed heads
of the lily pads are
delicious and nutritious.
269
00:25:37,453 --> 00:25:40,080
But they're not
all easy pickings,
270
00:25:40,122 --> 00:25:43,583
and this is where
the macaques get creative.
271
00:25:48,381 --> 00:25:51,425
Remarkably,
they've learned
to dive underwater.
272
00:26:05,689 --> 00:26:07,149
They're proficient swimmers
273
00:26:07,191 --> 00:26:11,404
and can find food hidden
in the depths of the pond.
274
00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:15,157
They stash what they find
in cheek pouches,
to eat later.
275
00:26:22,540 --> 00:26:24,291
For intelligent animals,
276
00:26:24,333 --> 00:26:28,254
this is one of
the great advantages
of living in a large group.
277
00:26:28,295 --> 00:26:31,006
When one individual
develops a new skill,
278
00:26:31,048 --> 00:26:33,717
the others can learn
to follow their lead.
279
00:26:49,733 --> 00:26:51,527
In the African rainforest,
280
00:26:51,569 --> 00:26:55,114
our chimpanzees
have taken this form
of passed-down knowledge
281
00:26:55,155 --> 00:26:57,491
to a whole new level.
282
00:27:01,203 --> 00:27:05,541
They live in one
of the most diverse
habitats on Earth.
283
00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:13,048
It can take a lifetime
to learn the secrets
of survival here.
284
00:27:16,218 --> 00:27:19,679
To do so, young chimps draw
on the collective know-how
285
00:27:19,721 --> 00:27:21,765
of the whole troop.
286
00:27:26,728 --> 00:27:29,607
The old-timers
know the most tricks.
287
00:27:31,649 --> 00:27:34,945
This little guy
is learning about
the fruits of the forest.
288
00:27:39,492 --> 00:27:42,328
For chimps,
fruit is survival.
289
00:27:44,413 --> 00:27:46,290
The elders have
learned that the forest
290
00:27:46,332 --> 00:27:48,083
produces different
types of fruit
291
00:27:48,125 --> 00:27:51,711
at different times of year.
292
00:27:51,753 --> 00:27:55,048
They teach the young chimps
which tree is in fruit when,
293
00:27:55,090 --> 00:27:57,134
and how best to eat it.
294
00:27:59,677 --> 00:28:04,600
This tough wooden
boomerang is actually
the fruit of a Xylia tree.
295
00:28:11,982 --> 00:28:14,943
It's a lot of work
to get to a few seeds.
296
00:28:21,158 --> 00:28:24,286
And that's enough
with the exhausting Xylia.
297
00:28:25,954 --> 00:28:27,789
On to the next fruit.
298
00:28:30,876 --> 00:28:32,836
Deep in the forest,
there's a river
299
00:28:32,878 --> 00:28:35,464
where other softer
fruit is in season.
300
00:28:37,633 --> 00:28:40,927
Adults collect the fruit
and carry it to the stream.
301
00:28:43,556 --> 00:28:47,226
They've learned to
wash the dirt off
before they eat them.
302
00:28:49,186 --> 00:28:52,565
It's not the most
sophisticated style
of eating,
303
00:28:52,606 --> 00:28:55,775
but the young chimp
dutifully emulates it.
304
00:28:59,613 --> 00:29:03,534
After generations
of trial and error...
305
00:29:03,576 --> 00:29:06,995
this is the technique
the chimps have developed
306
00:29:07,037 --> 00:29:09,665
to get the best
out of the fruit.
307
00:30:01,759 --> 00:30:06,472
Just when you
think all the juice
is gone, one last trick.
308
00:30:06,513 --> 00:30:09,725
Add a little water,
and go again.
309
00:30:16,148 --> 00:30:17,149
Mmm.
310
00:30:18,108 --> 00:30:19,109
Mmm-hmm.
311
00:30:20,068 --> 00:30:21,278
Still good.
312
00:30:29,411 --> 00:30:31,163
But there's
more to subsistence
313
00:30:31,204 --> 00:30:34,249
than re-chewing
already chewed fruit.
314
00:30:35,542 --> 00:30:37,043
The next level
of food-figuring
315
00:30:37,085 --> 00:30:38,962
will involve
an ingenious technique
316
00:30:39,004 --> 00:30:41,548
that few creatures
have discovered.
317
00:30:43,509 --> 00:30:47,721
For other animals,
the challenge isn't
just what food to eat,
318
00:30:47,763 --> 00:30:51,600
it's learning
how to find it in
the first place.
319
00:30:51,642 --> 00:30:54,561
On the Alaskan coast,
when the tide retreats,
320
00:30:54,603 --> 00:31:00,567
it reveals vast
mudflats full of food,
if you know where to look.
321
00:31:02,944 --> 00:31:05,071
The mother bear has
brought her cubs
322
00:31:05,113 --> 00:31:07,282
to the safety
of an open beach
323
00:31:07,324 --> 00:31:10,452
where dangerous bears
can't sneak up on them.
324
00:31:13,664 --> 00:31:18,126
And better yet,
she knows where
to find food here.
325
00:31:18,168 --> 00:31:21,963
It's time to show the cubs
how to feed on fresh clams.
326
00:31:24,633 --> 00:31:26,259
It's a bit of an art.
327
00:31:36,978 --> 00:31:38,021
A bear's nose,
328
00:31:38,063 --> 00:31:39,648
which is over
a thousand times
329
00:31:39,690 --> 00:31:41,107
more sensitive than ours,
330
00:31:41,149 --> 00:31:44,403
is perfect for sniffing out
the buried shellfish.
331
00:32:17,977 --> 00:32:20,647
This is the cubs' first
trip to the seaside,
332
00:32:20,689 --> 00:32:23,275
and they are,
understandably,
333
00:32:23,316 --> 00:32:25,861
a little overwhelmed
by the moment.
334
00:33:23,919 --> 00:33:27,798
There are other
young bears enjoying
the safety of this beach.
335
00:33:29,925 --> 00:33:31,718
A year or so ago,
336
00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:35,180
they were also
with their mothers,
learning to dig for clams.
337
00:33:38,725 --> 00:33:40,978
And after all this time,
338
00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:44,230
they still haven't
forgotten how to
horse around.
339
00:33:48,193 --> 00:33:51,279
This playful tussling
serves an important purpose.
340
00:33:52,614 --> 00:33:54,950
It helps them work
out who's stronger
341
00:33:54,992 --> 00:33:57,410
and may prevent
actual deadly fights
342
00:33:57,452 --> 00:34:00,205
or serious injury
when they're fully grown.
343
00:34:18,557 --> 00:34:21,894
But not all visitors
to this beach are
here to play.
344
00:34:23,102 --> 00:34:26,064
The big bear is back.
345
00:34:27,858 --> 00:34:30,485
He is a constant
reminder to this family
346
00:34:30,527 --> 00:34:33,739
that they can never
let their guard down.
347
00:34:43,498 --> 00:34:48,754
In Sri Lanka,
the macaques' search
for food is never-ending.
348
00:34:54,676 --> 00:34:57,345
One low-ranking
monkey doesn't have
349
00:34:57,387 --> 00:34:59,723
the energy to join
in with the rest.
350
00:35:03,602 --> 00:35:08,147
The high-class kids
are well-fed, full of
energy and confidence.
351
00:35:12,569 --> 00:35:16,489
They make no secret
of the fact that he's
not one of them.
352
00:35:27,292 --> 00:35:31,337
Worse still, when the
troop does find food,
353
00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:35,216
only the social
elite get to feed
on the tastiest flowers.
354
00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:40,722
As the lowest of the low,
355
00:35:40,764 --> 00:35:43,516
he has to survive on
scraps from above.
356
00:35:52,317 --> 00:35:54,402
Weak from hunger,
357
00:35:54,444 --> 00:35:56,613
he's too tired
to hold his own.
358
00:36:03,369 --> 00:36:06,873
His chances of survival
are fading... fast.
359
00:36:12,712 --> 00:36:18,426
One of the group leaders,
a large male, has noticed
he's in trouble.
360
00:36:18,468 --> 00:36:21,930
Living on the edge
of society leaves him
open to attack.
361
00:36:34,359 --> 00:36:36,945
In an extraordinary gesture,
362
00:36:36,987 --> 00:36:39,364
the male leader
takes pity on him.
363
00:36:41,908 --> 00:36:43,618
It's rare,
364
00:36:43,660 --> 00:36:47,122
but some species of primate
do adopt vulnerable
youngsters.
365
00:36:48,623 --> 00:36:52,002
It's another advantage
of living in a big troop.
366
00:37:02,554 --> 00:37:04,222
Most importantly,
367
00:37:04,263 --> 00:37:07,809
the big male can show
the little monkey
where to find food.
368
00:37:09,728 --> 00:37:11,646
Caterpillars have appeared,
369
00:37:11,688 --> 00:37:14,440
hanging from the trees
like wiggling fruit.
370
00:37:21,073 --> 00:37:25,326
Juicy hawk moth caterpillars
are the biggest and fattest.
371
00:37:34,211 --> 00:37:36,755
They're also the most
difficult to reach.
372
00:37:36,796 --> 00:37:38,631
The perfect time
for monkeys
373
00:37:38,673 --> 00:37:40,592
to show off
their athleticism.
374
00:38:14,042 --> 00:38:16,169
The big caterpillars
are beyond
375
00:38:16,211 --> 00:38:17,587
our little guy's grasp...
376
00:38:19,923 --> 00:38:22,467
but there are
plenty of smaller ones
377
00:38:22,508 --> 00:38:24,803
grubbing around
in the ruins.
378
00:38:26,721 --> 00:38:29,724
Caterpillars are a rich
source of protein.
379
00:38:31,392 --> 00:38:34,896
The perfect food for
a hungry, growing youngster.
380
00:38:43,738 --> 00:38:47,533
With a full belly,
and someone to
look out for him,
381
00:38:47,575 --> 00:38:51,579
life for this young macaque
is finally looking up.
382
00:38:53,581 --> 00:38:59,171
HUNTING
383
00:38:59,212 --> 00:39:00,880
For some young animals,
384
00:39:00,922 --> 00:39:04,550
simply knowing
where to find food
isn't enough.
385
00:39:06,803 --> 00:39:09,889
They must learn
how to catch their food.
386
00:39:11,891 --> 00:39:14,769
Food that can run from you.
387
00:39:22,277 --> 00:39:25,738
The mother cheetah
is a master of this domain.
388
00:39:31,452 --> 00:39:33,663
With five hungry
mouths to feed,
389
00:39:33,705 --> 00:39:35,957
she must hunt
almost every day.
390
00:39:39,836 --> 00:39:42,339
And these cubs get
first-hand lessons
391
00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:44,757
from the fastest
predator on the plains.
392
00:39:48,345 --> 00:39:50,722
Their mother's
explosive speed
393
00:39:50,763 --> 00:39:52,765
makes her perfectly suited
394
00:39:52,807 --> 00:39:54,517
to targeting
smaller antelope.
395
00:39:58,730 --> 00:40:00,439
Larger antelope
are too strong
396
00:40:00,481 --> 00:40:02,025
for her to hunt on her own.
397
00:40:06,863 --> 00:40:10,158
She's waiting for
one to drop its guard.
398
00:40:19,500 --> 00:40:21,961
To increase her chances,
399
00:40:22,003 --> 00:40:24,297
she must get as
close as she can
400
00:40:24,339 --> 00:40:25,924
before launching
her attack.
401
00:42:12,447 --> 00:42:15,492
Her growing cubs will
eat well this evening.
402
00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:26,794
Larger prey living
in herds are safe
from a lone cheetah.
403
00:42:26,836 --> 00:42:29,255
But a different
kind of cat,
404
00:42:29,297 --> 00:42:31,757
with a totally
different strategy,
405
00:42:31,799 --> 00:42:34,593
can overcome
a herd's defenses.
406
00:42:36,971 --> 00:42:39,391
The young lion cub
is about to watch
407
00:42:39,432 --> 00:42:42,394
and learn how his
family pride hunts.
408
00:42:44,687 --> 00:42:46,272
Working together,
409
00:42:46,314 --> 00:42:49,401
they can target
zebra 20 times heavier
410
00:42:49,442 --> 00:42:51,110
than the gazelle
the cheetah hunted.
411
00:42:52,862 --> 00:42:56,032
These muscular felines
use strength and surprise
412
00:42:56,074 --> 00:42:57,950
rather than raw speed.
413
00:43:05,083 --> 00:43:08,586
The lionesses join forces
to set an ambush.
414
00:43:17,678 --> 00:43:20,014
The cubs' mother
takes the lead.
415
00:43:21,849 --> 00:43:24,018
Her job is
to split the herd
416
00:43:24,060 --> 00:43:27,397
and force some of them
towards her sisters
lying in wait.
417
00:43:39,825 --> 00:43:43,162
Her cub watches intently
as the trap is set.
418
00:44:34,339 --> 00:44:38,759
Hunting together
increases the pride's
chances of success.
419
00:44:41,429 --> 00:44:43,473
It also improves
their chances
420
00:44:43,515 --> 00:44:46,559
of keeping their food.
421
00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:50,188
A fresh kill is a prize
that others would
like to steal.
422
00:44:52,398 --> 00:44:56,569
The cheetah family have
gorged on the gazelle.
423
00:44:56,611 --> 00:45:00,990
But the commotion of
the hunt has attracted
envious onlookers.
424
00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:17,006
Hyenas...
425
00:45:17,048 --> 00:45:19,509
a cheetah's
worst nightmare.
426
00:45:27,058 --> 00:45:32,647
Hyenas are powerful enemies
and will steal their food.
427
00:45:32,689 --> 00:45:37,276
But worse...
if they discover
the young cubs...
428
00:45:37,318 --> 00:45:41,072
...they will hunt them down.
429
00:45:41,113 --> 00:45:44,200
The mother's lost
several cubs before.
430
00:45:44,242 --> 00:45:47,328
She knows they're
in extreme danger.
431
00:45:57,088 --> 00:46:01,676
But her greatest
hunting asset now
exposes a weakness.
432
00:46:01,718 --> 00:46:05,096
A cheetah sacrifices
bulk for speed.
433
00:46:05,137 --> 00:46:08,516
She's not built
for this fight.
434
00:46:08,558 --> 00:46:11,394
One bite from
those savage jaws...
435
00:46:12,353 --> 00:46:14,272
and it's game over.
436
00:46:20,486 --> 00:46:22,697
Their mother's
lost sight of them.
437
00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:28,453
They won't be safe
until they're back
by her side.
438
00:46:34,584 --> 00:46:35,792
As the light fades...
439
00:46:36,919 --> 00:46:40,172
so do their
chances of survival.
440
00:46:40,214 --> 00:46:45,303
Hyenas hunt at night
and can take their
time to find the cubs.
441
00:47:00,901 --> 00:47:03,738
The dawn brings hope.
442
00:47:11,120 --> 00:47:13,581
One little cub
has made it.
443
00:47:15,583 --> 00:47:17,752
Along with her two sisters.
444
00:47:26,636 --> 00:47:30,889
But the two others are
nowhere to be found.
445
00:47:30,931 --> 00:47:33,309
They've been
taken in the night.
446
00:47:34,644 --> 00:47:37,396
Even young animals
who are born to hunt
447
00:47:37,438 --> 00:47:39,816
can fall prey to hunters.
448
00:47:49,617 --> 00:47:52,286
Finding food
is seldom easy...
449
00:47:55,498 --> 00:47:57,082
but every now and then,
450
00:47:57,124 --> 00:47:59,001
it arrives wholesale.
451
00:47:59,043 --> 00:48:00,586
DAYS OF
PLENTY
452
00:48:00,628 --> 00:48:02,087
And when it does,
453
00:48:02,129 --> 00:48:06,425
a growing young animal
needs to be ready
to capitalize.
454
00:48:06,467 --> 00:48:12,306
Until now, the brown bears
have been surviving on
grass and clams.
455
00:48:12,348 --> 00:48:15,434
But they need to fatten up
for the coming winter,
456
00:48:15,476 --> 00:48:17,269
and we all know
what that means.
457
00:48:19,522 --> 00:48:21,607
Salmon.
458
00:48:24,861 --> 00:48:26,779
They're on their
annual migration,
459
00:48:26,821 --> 00:48:28,740
leaving the sea
to swim upriver
460
00:48:28,781 --> 00:48:30,825
to freshwater
spawning grounds.
461
00:48:36,163 --> 00:48:39,458
It's the great food bonanza
that every bear here
462
00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:41,794
has been waiting
all year for.
463
00:48:52,263 --> 00:48:54,973
All the bears need
to pile on vital pounds
464
00:48:55,015 --> 00:48:57,435
for their long
winter hibernation.
465
00:48:58,519 --> 00:49:00,730
They'll gorge on the salmon,
466
00:49:00,772 --> 00:49:04,275
eating up to 30 fish a day,
if they can.
467
00:49:19,832 --> 00:49:22,460
But competition is fierce.
468
00:49:25,212 --> 00:49:29,801
As these bears
have no idea how long
this food will last.
469
00:49:34,472 --> 00:49:38,142
Once again, the family
must find somewhere safer.
470
00:49:42,229 --> 00:49:47,693
Further upstream
is a spot the mother
knows from previous years.
471
00:49:47,735 --> 00:49:50,529
The salmon are
never guaranteed...
472
00:49:50,571 --> 00:49:53,574
but she's hoping there will
at least be a few.
473
00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:08,631
And, hey, looks like
there are a few.
474
00:50:14,052 --> 00:50:15,972
More than a few.
475
00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:26,899
The hungry bears can't
believe their eyes.
476
00:50:26,941 --> 00:50:30,026
More salmon than
they could ever dream of.
477
00:50:31,863 --> 00:50:34,281
All they have to
do is catch them.
478
00:50:47,419 --> 00:50:49,714
It's been a year
since the mother
fished here.
479
00:50:49,755 --> 00:50:51,549
She's out of practice.
480
00:50:56,804 --> 00:51:01,684
It's so frustrating.
The cubs were expecting
to score big.
481
00:51:13,237 --> 00:51:15,239
But try, try again,
482
00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:19,410
and they finally get
what they've waited
so long for...
483
00:51:20,828 --> 00:51:22,872
A salmon supper.
484
00:51:25,041 --> 00:51:28,836
With so many fish,
the bigger bears
have no need to fight.
485
00:51:28,878 --> 00:51:31,714
The growing cubs
will finally get
their chance to eat
486
00:51:31,756 --> 00:51:36,301
until they can't
eat anymore.
487
00:51:36,343 --> 00:51:40,138
The bears will keep
feeding for as long
as the salmon keep coming.
488
00:51:42,016 --> 00:51:45,477
They'll eat 90%
of their entire year's food
489
00:51:45,519 --> 00:51:47,479
in just a few weeks,
490
00:51:47,521 --> 00:51:49,774
piling on fat that
will keep them alive
491
00:51:49,815 --> 00:51:52,026
through their
winter hibernation.
492
00:52:01,786 --> 00:52:03,746
In the Sri Lankan ruins,
493
00:52:03,788 --> 00:52:05,664
monsoon rains
have let loose
494
00:52:05,706 --> 00:52:07,708
a different kind
of free-for-all.
495
00:52:09,627 --> 00:52:12,046
Thousands of
winged termites are
496
00:52:12,088 --> 00:52:14,715
taking to the air to
found new colonies.
497
00:52:22,180 --> 00:52:26,142
The macaques are literally
engulfed by them,
498
00:52:26,184 --> 00:52:28,854
so they hardly need to
expend any energy
499
00:52:28,896 --> 00:52:31,941
snatching up this
potent source of protein.
500
00:52:39,239 --> 00:52:44,078
This incredible
flying feast occurs
only once a year,
501
00:52:44,120 --> 00:52:46,622
and lasts just a few hours,
502
00:52:46,664 --> 00:52:50,166
so the troop must
savor the moment
while it lasts.
503
00:52:56,548 --> 00:52:59,760
Seasonal rains in the
chimpanzees' jungle home
504
00:52:59,802 --> 00:53:02,262
have also brought out
swarms of insects.
505
00:53:03,931 --> 00:53:06,058
But these bugs
are different.
506
00:53:09,185 --> 00:53:11,105
These bugs bite back.
507
00:53:14,441 --> 00:53:18,112
A column of ferocious
soldier ants with
just one mission.
508
00:53:19,279 --> 00:53:22,616
To feed an army
of 50 million.
509
00:53:25,619 --> 00:53:27,872
Time to learn how to eat
510
00:53:27,913 --> 00:53:29,874
without being eaten.
511
00:53:31,333 --> 00:53:34,294
It's a simple but
ingenious trick.
512
00:53:37,339 --> 00:53:38,632
Twig-trolling.
513
00:53:41,635 --> 00:53:44,638
A long time ago,
one of our little
chimp's ancestors
514
00:53:44,680 --> 00:53:47,349
stumbled upon an easy way
to eat ants.
515
00:53:48,934 --> 00:53:51,562
Make a rod from a twig...
516
00:53:51,603 --> 00:53:53,313
poke it into a colony...
517
00:53:54,190 --> 00:53:56,441
and presto,
518
00:53:56,483 --> 00:53:57,943
a bugsicle.
519
00:54:01,155 --> 00:54:04,158
Yet another remarkable skill
that's been passed down
520
00:54:04,200 --> 00:54:07,243
from generation
to generation.
521
00:54:07,285 --> 00:54:10,664
And this is the young
chimp's generation.
522
00:54:12,083 --> 00:54:15,211
It's his turn to
watch and learn.
523
00:54:28,473 --> 00:54:30,101
Making tools is
something that
524
00:54:30,142 --> 00:54:33,062
very few animals
have ever managed.
525
00:54:34,312 --> 00:54:37,191
So this is a big deal
for our little guy.
526
00:54:48,035 --> 00:54:50,913
Before you know it,
he's mastered the trick.
527
00:54:53,540 --> 00:54:55,084
But he still has to learn
528
00:54:55,126 --> 00:54:58,587
the troop's most advanced
and most difficult skill.
529
00:55:01,506 --> 00:55:03,467
ALLIES AND
ENEMIES
530
00:55:03,508 --> 00:55:06,511
As our young
animals grow older,
531
00:55:06,553 --> 00:55:12,851
they meet new kinds of
challenges and learn
new life lessons.
532
00:55:12,893 --> 00:55:16,814
Often, these lessons
are not so much
taught to them
533
00:55:16,855 --> 00:55:20,484
as they are imposed
upon them by nature.
534
00:55:24,571 --> 00:55:27,032
It's been
a few months since
the young cheetahs lost
535
00:55:27,074 --> 00:55:30,619
their two brothers
to the hyenas.
536
00:55:30,661 --> 00:55:34,372
The memory of that night
still haunts the family...
537
00:55:34,414 --> 00:55:36,917
but it has also heightened
their alertness.
538
00:55:42,422 --> 00:55:44,883
The growing cubs have
an instinctive urge
539
00:55:44,925 --> 00:55:47,469
to practice their hunting
and survival skills...
540
00:55:48,971 --> 00:55:51,556
quite separate from
their mother's influence.
541
00:55:55,269 --> 00:55:58,230
This includes
play-fighting...
542
00:55:58,272 --> 00:56:00,024
and play-hunting.
543
00:56:04,111 --> 00:56:07,239
Even their mother is not
safe from a surprise attack.
544
00:56:15,455 --> 00:56:17,249
Climbing, on the other hand,
545
00:56:17,291 --> 00:56:20,627
might not seem like
a very useful skill
for a cheetah.
546
00:56:23,255 --> 00:56:26,258
But their mother knows
it's a crucial skill.
547
00:56:28,177 --> 00:56:30,179
A cat that can't
defeat its enemy
548
00:56:30,221 --> 00:56:32,639
with sheer strength
needs a Plan B.
549
00:56:39,395 --> 00:56:41,940
Next time
the hyenas come calling,
550
00:56:41,982 --> 00:56:44,026
the cubs will have a chance.
551
00:56:51,992 --> 00:56:53,785
Not very far away,
552
00:56:53,827 --> 00:56:56,080
our young lion is
about to encounter
553
00:56:56,121 --> 00:56:58,999
a threat from
inside the family.
554
00:56:59,041 --> 00:57:01,960
Unlike the cheetahs,
it's his large pride
555
00:57:02,002 --> 00:57:04,713
that has kept him
safe and well-fed,
556
00:57:04,755 --> 00:57:07,591
but that's about to end.
557
00:57:07,632 --> 00:57:10,802
His father has mating rights
to all the pride females,
558
00:57:10,844 --> 00:57:12,637
and will kill
to protect them.
559
00:57:15,807 --> 00:57:18,435
The young male is
now two years old
560
00:57:18,476 --> 00:57:20,812
and will soon
want his own pride.
561
00:57:22,647 --> 00:57:26,484
This makes him
a potential threat
to his father...
562
00:57:26,526 --> 00:57:28,862
who consequently
forces him out.
563
00:57:49,591 --> 00:57:54,430
It's a pivotal
and painful moment
in a young lion's life.
564
00:58:03,272 --> 00:58:05,190
But he's not alone.
565
00:58:05,232 --> 00:58:09,736
All his male
cousins of the same age
are banished as well.
566
00:58:15,575 --> 00:58:19,246
The young cheetahs
are also facing
a critical test.
567
00:58:20,622 --> 00:58:23,459
The day they've been
dreading has arrived.
568
00:58:24,918 --> 00:58:26,670
The hyenas are back.
569
00:58:28,797 --> 00:58:33,510
By now the cubs have
learned what the mother
has always known.
570
00:58:33,551 --> 00:58:36,721
These intruders
aren't just scavengers...
571
00:58:36,763 --> 00:58:39,557
they're deadly
efficient hunters.
572
00:58:44,521 --> 00:58:48,233
Once again, Mother
leads the defense.
573
00:58:54,572 --> 00:58:57,409
But this time,
she's not alone.
574
00:59:18,805 --> 00:59:23,018
The hyenas attempt
to outflank the mother
and separate her cubs.
575
00:59:24,395 --> 00:59:26,771
One brave young cub
risks her life
576
00:59:26,813 --> 00:59:29,024
to back up her mother.
577
00:59:29,066 --> 00:59:31,318
Giving her sisters
just enough time
578
00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:33,778
to escape up a tree
to safety.
579
00:59:37,491 --> 00:59:39,576
Plan B has worked.
580
00:59:40,618 --> 00:59:43,372
Hyenas can't climb trees.
581
00:59:52,297 --> 00:59:57,802
When the coast is clear...
the sisters re-join
their mother.
582
01:00:03,683 --> 01:00:06,186
They have every
right to celebrate.
583
01:00:07,438 --> 01:00:10,148
But there will be
more battles to come.
584
01:00:13,610 --> 01:00:17,573
At least now
they know they can
outmaneuver their foes.
585
01:00:20,617 --> 01:00:24,746
The young lions,
on the other hand,
are struggling to get by.
586
01:00:26,373 --> 01:00:28,708
With no mothers
to hunt for them,
587
01:00:28,750 --> 01:00:31,711
only one in eight males
make it to adulthood.
588
01:00:33,046 --> 01:00:34,756
Suddenly, the cheetah
cubs' chances
589
01:00:34,798 --> 01:00:36,467
don't look quite so bad.
590
01:00:45,601 --> 01:00:48,312
It's the height
of the dry season,
591
01:00:48,353 --> 01:00:50,855
a time of
frequent grass fires.
592
01:00:54,943 --> 01:00:58,196
The herds of big game
have moved on.
593
01:00:58,238 --> 01:01:01,783
There are no easy pickings
for open-range predators.
594
01:01:13,211 --> 01:01:15,797
The outcast lions
are starving.
595
01:01:21,928 --> 01:01:24,848
Our young male
suddenly spots something.
596
01:01:25,599 --> 01:01:27,934
A sign from above.
597
01:01:31,938 --> 01:01:33,773
Wherever there
are vultures...
598
01:01:34,608 --> 01:01:36,693
there is food nearby.
599
01:01:44,784 --> 01:01:49,247
A rotting carcass
isn't the meal
he was hoping for.
600
01:01:49,289 --> 01:01:51,708
But he's desperate.
601
01:01:51,749 --> 01:01:55,379
He and his cousins
will eat anything
at this point.
602
01:02:02,927 --> 01:02:05,722
He must face
three more years
in the wilderness
603
01:02:05,763 --> 01:02:08,475
before he's big
enough to rule.
604
01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:16,567
The question is,
can he survive that long?
605
01:02:37,713 --> 01:02:41,466
The toque macaques
are about to face
their own dire threat.
606
01:02:49,307 --> 01:02:51,435
The rocks above
their home have been
607
01:02:51,476 --> 01:02:53,895
taken over by
a competing troop.
608
01:02:57,982 --> 01:03:00,485
These battle-scarred
fighters want
the fruit trees
609
01:03:00,527 --> 01:03:03,238
of the temple grounds
for themselves.
610
01:03:03,280 --> 01:03:05,532
And they'll go to
war to get them.
611
01:03:12,122 --> 01:03:14,958
The two sides
scope each other out.
612
01:03:21,423 --> 01:03:23,550
Lookouts alert
the big males to man
613
01:03:23,592 --> 01:03:26,177
the front lines as
the intruders move in.
614
01:03:41,735 --> 01:03:44,529
The little ones
are whisked off
to safety.
615
01:03:53,580 --> 01:03:55,499
All the monkeys
work together
616
01:03:55,540 --> 01:03:57,751
to defend against
the enemy troop.
617
01:04:00,712 --> 01:04:04,090
It's another vital benefit
of living in a big group.
618
01:04:08,595 --> 01:04:11,973
The home troop aren't
just defending their food.
619
01:04:12,015 --> 01:04:14,225
If they're defeated,
the invaders
620
01:04:14,267 --> 01:04:16,936
may force them into
a life of servitude.
621
01:04:18,938 --> 01:04:21,566
Like most animals,
the monkeys will
622
01:04:21,608 --> 01:04:24,194
avoid violent
fights if they can.
623
01:04:28,072 --> 01:04:30,241
Facial warnings
and body postures
624
01:04:30,283 --> 01:04:33,662
tell the opposition
to back off or else.
625
01:04:48,134 --> 01:04:52,096
These gestures are
a way of assessing
who's strongest
626
01:04:52,138 --> 01:04:54,683
without starting a battle.
627
01:05:04,568 --> 01:05:06,944
But when negotiations
break down...
628
01:05:09,447 --> 01:05:11,449
It's all-out war.
629
01:05:48,612 --> 01:05:51,406
The sides are
evenly matched.
630
01:05:51,448 --> 01:05:54,659
Only the troop leaders
can decide the outcome.
631
01:06:25,857 --> 01:06:27,859
The home team
holds its ground
632
01:06:27,901 --> 01:06:30,069
and repels the invaders.
633
01:06:43,374 --> 01:06:45,710
But not everyone
is celebrating.
634
01:06:47,378 --> 01:06:50,381
This little guy has
lost his protector,
635
01:06:50,423 --> 01:06:51,883
the troop leader.
636
01:06:56,596 --> 01:06:59,975
His injured comrades
scan the battlefield.
637
01:07:02,602 --> 01:07:04,938
But he's nowhere
to be found.
638
01:07:19,452 --> 01:07:20,871
But then,
639
01:07:20,912 --> 01:07:23,581
from the wake of
the enemy's retreat...
640
01:07:27,961 --> 01:07:30,797
the troop's
brave leader emerges.
641
01:07:34,258 --> 01:07:37,512
And returns to his
young protege's side.
642
01:07:40,223 --> 01:07:43,100
This little monkey has
been through a lot of
ups and downs
643
01:07:43,142 --> 01:07:44,811
for such a young age.
644
01:07:48,815 --> 01:07:50,859
But for now,
645
01:07:50,901 --> 01:07:53,152
his future looks safe.
646
01:08:02,328 --> 01:08:05,790
AN ANCIENT
TRADITION
647
01:08:05,832 --> 01:08:08,125
Deep within
the African rainforest,
648
01:08:08,167 --> 01:08:12,255
a great secret is
about to be revealed.
649
01:08:12,296 --> 01:08:14,465
Our young chimpanzee
is about to
650
01:08:14,507 --> 01:08:17,134
discover an extraordinary
use of tools,
651
01:08:17,176 --> 01:08:20,638
invented centuries ago,
by an inspired chimp,
652
01:08:20,680 --> 01:08:23,683
and passed down
through the generations.
653
01:08:28,980 --> 01:08:32,067
Unlike chimps in
other parts of Africa,
654
01:08:32,108 --> 01:08:35,570
these chimps have discovered
how to break open nuts.
655
01:08:39,198 --> 01:08:42,535
Which is a lot
harder than it looks.
656
01:08:42,577 --> 01:08:46,289
Only the right set
of tools will do.
657
01:08:46,330 --> 01:08:49,876
First you need a steady base
that holds the nut in place.
658
01:08:58,051 --> 01:09:00,720
Then you need
the right kind of hammer.
659
01:09:09,646 --> 01:09:13,316
The troop leader
has his own special
hand-and-foot technique
660
01:09:13,357 --> 01:09:15,860
that puts other
nut-crackers to shame.
661
01:09:21,950 --> 01:09:25,745
But he's happy to show
the young up-and-comers
how it's done.
662
01:09:30,541 --> 01:09:33,461
And having just
turned three years old,
663
01:09:33,503 --> 01:09:36,422
it's this little guy's turn
to learn the art.
664
01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:49,894
He's got himself
a nice, big nut.
665
01:09:49,936 --> 01:09:53,523
And he's decided to go
with a wooden hammer.
666
01:09:58,235 --> 01:09:59,779
No one's told him yet
667
01:09:59,821 --> 01:10:03,574
that wood is not
the best material
for cracking nuts.
668
01:10:28,058 --> 01:10:30,935
That's it. He's found
a good, sharp rock.
669
01:10:38,193 --> 01:10:40,695
Normally it doesn't
take this long.
670
01:10:44,323 --> 01:10:46,076
Cracked it. Good job.
671
01:10:52,289 --> 01:10:56,627
The most experienced adults
don't expend so much energy.
672
01:10:56,669 --> 01:10:59,714
They know larger rocks
mean fewer strikes.
673
01:11:12,018 --> 01:11:14,687
But large tools will
crack more than nuts.
674
01:11:31,328 --> 01:11:32,663
It will take years
675
01:11:32,705 --> 01:11:35,041
before our young chimp
is as good as the adults.
676
01:11:36,459 --> 01:11:38,002
But he's on
the learning curve,
677
01:11:38,044 --> 01:11:42,006
and well on his
way to mastering
this remarkable skill
678
01:11:42,048 --> 01:11:44,134
that so few have cracked.
679
01:11:56,980 --> 01:11:59,356
EPILOGUE
680
01:11:59,398 --> 01:12:02,902
All of our extraordinary
young animals have
gone on to live
681
01:12:02,944 --> 01:12:06,990
full but challenging lives.
682
01:12:07,031 --> 01:12:11,828
In Alaska,
the bear cubs' first year
was a true test...
683
01:12:11,869 --> 01:12:15,081
and they passed
with flying colors.
684
01:12:15,123 --> 01:12:17,458
The great salmon feast
fattened them up
685
01:12:17,500 --> 01:12:18,960
in preparation for winter.
686
01:12:20,086 --> 01:12:21,420
Without it,
687
01:12:21,462 --> 01:12:23,840
they would not
have survived here.
688
01:12:27,510 --> 01:12:31,347
The cubs would
eventually learn how to
find food on their own,
689
01:12:31,388 --> 01:12:33,683
but would still rely on
their mother's protection
690
01:12:33,724 --> 01:12:35,935
for another two years.
691
01:12:37,228 --> 01:12:38,771
They continue
to grow stronger
692
01:12:38,813 --> 01:12:41,858
and more adventurous
with the passing
of the seasons.
693
01:12:54,329 --> 01:12:57,957
But when the first heavy
snows of the year arrive,
694
01:12:57,999 --> 01:13:01,502
it's always time to return
to the high mountains
695
01:13:01,544 --> 01:13:03,546
to dig a den
696
01:13:03,587 --> 01:13:07,508
and settle in
for the long winter
months of hibernation.
697
01:13:19,562 --> 01:13:21,564
On the African plains,
698
01:13:21,605 --> 01:13:26,485
the male lions survived
their harsh years in exile.
699
01:13:26,527 --> 01:13:29,488
By the age of five,
they were powerful
young adults,
700
01:13:29,530 --> 01:13:33,159
ready to fight for a pride
and kingdom of their own.
701
01:13:37,788 --> 01:13:41,500
They entered a land
ruled by two old
warrior brothers.
702
01:13:43,294 --> 01:13:45,880
One of them,
aging and frail,
703
01:13:45,922 --> 01:13:48,465
didn't have
the heart for a fight.
704
01:13:57,725 --> 01:14:02,188
His tenacious brother
was left to face the strong
young males alone.
705
01:14:08,319 --> 01:14:12,907
Together, they ran him off
and became the
new lion kings.
706
01:14:15,701 --> 01:14:18,579
The three cheetah cubs
stayed with their mother
707
01:14:18,621 --> 01:14:21,040
until they were
a year-and-a-half old.
708
01:14:23,084 --> 01:14:27,088
But they had one final test
before they reached
independence.
709
01:14:32,009 --> 01:14:34,387
Could they hunt
for themselves?
710
01:15:13,759 --> 01:15:16,512
Against overwhelming odds,
711
01:15:16,553 --> 01:15:20,766
their mother had raised
three mighty young cheetahs
712
01:15:20,808 --> 01:15:24,854
who were ready to
make their own way
in the wild.
713
01:15:29,066 --> 01:15:31,361
The macaques would again
be threatened
714
01:15:31,402 --> 01:15:34,780
but never defeated
by their neighboring rivals.
715
01:15:36,615 --> 01:15:39,827
And with the troop leader
to show him the way,
716
01:15:39,869 --> 01:15:41,537
the lowly monkey
would grow up
717
01:15:41,578 --> 01:15:43,331
to have a family of his own.
718
01:15:52,673 --> 01:15:57,261
And finally,
in the great rainforest,
719
01:15:57,303 --> 01:15:59,680
it would take 20 more years,
720
01:15:59,722 --> 01:16:02,599
but the young chimpanzee
would eventually master
721
01:16:02,641 --> 01:16:04,894
all of his
ancestors' skills...
722
01:16:05,895 --> 01:16:08,105
and live to become
723
01:16:08,147 --> 01:16:11,359
one of the wisest
elders of his troop.
56854
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