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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:25,567 --> 00:00:28,069 All across this planet, 2 00:00:28,111 --> 00:00:32,950 young animals in the wild must learn how to survive and thrive. 3 00:00:39,790 --> 00:00:42,960 They are taught these life lessons by their parents... 4 00:00:45,086 --> 00:00:47,965 but also by the other members of their communities. 5 00:00:55,430 --> 00:00:58,893 Each will follow a very different path. 6 00:01:01,687 --> 00:01:04,523 Some will become great hunters. 7 00:01:07,108 --> 00:01:10,905 Others will learn the secrets of the forest. 8 00:01:17,995 --> 00:01:19,955 They will all face unique challenges... 9 00:01:21,248 --> 00:01:23,208 and master different skills, 10 00:01:23,250 --> 00:01:26,085 passed down generations. 11 00:01:27,546 --> 00:01:31,299 Five remarkable young animals. 12 00:01:31,341 --> 00:01:36,555 Five incredible tales of growing up wild. 13 00:01:41,810 --> 00:01:45,689 STARTING OUT 14 00:01:45,731 --> 00:01:49,818 In the white-capped peaks of Alaska, it's late spring. 15 00:01:51,528 --> 00:01:55,449 Soon, much of this snow will have melted. 16 00:01:55,490 --> 00:02:00,495 But at the moment, it's concealing a cozy home. 17 00:02:00,537 --> 00:02:04,833 The winter den of a mother brown bear and her two tiny cubs. 18 00:02:05,960 --> 00:02:08,336 The cubs were born in here. 19 00:02:08,378 --> 00:02:10,213 They're only a few months old, 20 00:02:10,255 --> 00:02:13,634 and their mother's been looking after them all on her own. 21 00:02:15,260 --> 00:02:17,721 She dug them this warm den 22 00:02:17,763 --> 00:02:20,599 and lined it with dry grass months ago. 23 00:02:23,226 --> 00:02:25,646 And even though she hasn't eaten since entering, 24 00:02:25,687 --> 00:02:28,857 she's still been producing milk for her cubs. 25 00:02:28,899 --> 00:02:30,734 It's one of the things that make bears 26 00:02:30,776 --> 00:02:32,903 different from our other animal families. 27 00:02:40,410 --> 00:02:42,746 But there's a problem. 28 00:02:42,788 --> 00:02:45,707 The fat reserves the mother built up last summer, 29 00:02:45,749 --> 00:02:49,461 in preparation for hibernation, are running out... 30 00:02:49,503 --> 00:02:52,422 and, therefore, so is the milk the cubs need. 31 00:02:56,259 --> 00:02:59,220 Soon, hunger will force them to take their first steps 32 00:02:59,262 --> 00:03:02,432 outside the safety of their den... 33 00:03:02,474 --> 00:03:05,060 to embark on an incredible journey. 34 00:03:05,102 --> 00:03:08,605 One of great risk and great reward. 35 00:03:11,650 --> 00:03:13,735 Only one in three cubs is likely 36 00:03:13,777 --> 00:03:15,904 to make it to their first birthday. 37 00:03:17,489 --> 00:03:21,535 This will be the most important year of their lives. 38 00:03:32,087 --> 00:03:34,089 On the open plains of Africa, 39 00:03:34,131 --> 00:03:37,425 another single mom is introducing her brand-new cubs 40 00:03:37,467 --> 00:03:39,469 to their brand-new world. 41 00:03:45,100 --> 00:03:48,311 Five baby cheetahs and their adoring mother. 42 00:03:54,568 --> 00:03:56,820 No den for these cubs. 43 00:03:56,862 --> 00:04:00,074 They were born right here on these grasslands. 44 00:04:01,575 --> 00:04:03,660 It might seem serene here, 45 00:04:03,702 --> 00:04:07,081 but life in this place is extremely difficult... 46 00:04:08,207 --> 00:04:09,666 and dangerous. 47 00:04:12,836 --> 00:04:14,629 To survive, 48 00:04:14,671 --> 00:04:17,925 these young cats will have to follow in their mother's footsteps 49 00:04:17,966 --> 00:04:20,844 and become the fastest hunters on Earth. 50 00:04:25,849 --> 00:04:28,018 She alone will train them, 51 00:04:28,060 --> 00:04:30,437 push them to their limits 52 00:04:30,478 --> 00:04:33,356 and prepare them for their fiercest enemies. 53 00:04:42,032 --> 00:04:46,954 Not far away lives another majestic feline family. 54 00:04:55,420 --> 00:04:59,716 A family very different from the cheetahs in so many ways. 55 00:05:01,843 --> 00:05:07,557 A young lion cub grows up in a family of 12 or more relatives... 56 00:05:07,599 --> 00:05:09,851 much larger than that of a cheetah. 57 00:05:14,273 --> 00:05:17,358 He has plenty of cousins to play with. 58 00:05:23,782 --> 00:05:25,909 He has numerous aunts 59 00:05:25,951 --> 00:05:28,578 and a loving mother to nurture him. 60 00:05:34,417 --> 00:05:37,045 And, above all of them, 61 00:05:37,087 --> 00:05:41,633 a mighty warrior protector, his father. 62 00:05:45,470 --> 00:05:48,556 One day the cub may rule his own land, 63 00:05:48,598 --> 00:05:50,142 but before then, 64 00:05:50,184 --> 00:05:53,854 he must come to understand his place in the pride... 65 00:05:53,895 --> 00:05:59,109 and how the family unites to overcome their greatest adversary. 66 00:05:59,151 --> 00:06:00,194 Buffalo. 67 00:06:16,584 --> 00:06:18,253 In Sri Lanka, 68 00:06:18,295 --> 00:06:22,090 abandoned ruins serve as a home to an even bigger family. 69 00:06:36,646 --> 00:06:38,899 These are toque macaques. 70 00:06:38,940 --> 00:06:41,151 They live in a society of about 50 members, 71 00:06:41,193 --> 00:06:45,322 far larger and more complex than any cat or bear family. 72 00:06:50,577 --> 00:06:54,248 Life as a young monkey might look like a barrel of laughs... 73 00:06:54,289 --> 00:06:58,126 but they're all governed by a strict social order. 74 00:06:58,168 --> 00:07:01,629 Being part of a troop is great for protection and food, 75 00:07:01,671 --> 00:07:04,758 but it comes at a cost. 76 00:07:04,799 --> 00:07:08,178 How important you are and what you're allowed to eat 77 00:07:08,220 --> 00:07:10,972 all depends on who your mother is. 78 00:07:17,812 --> 00:07:21,942 The high-born kids are treated like royalty. 79 00:07:22,943 --> 00:07:24,569 While the lower-class kids 80 00:07:24,611 --> 00:07:29,532 are reminded every minute of every day where they stand. 81 00:07:29,574 --> 00:07:33,203 This is no place to try and get above yourself. 82 00:07:44,881 --> 00:07:48,843 For the lowest of the low, like this little guy... 83 00:07:48,885 --> 00:07:51,763 it makes daily life a real uphill battle. 84 00:07:53,890 --> 00:07:56,977 He's the last in line for everything... 85 00:07:57,018 --> 00:08:01,273 and has to find ways to survive on the very edge of society. 86 00:08:07,862 --> 00:08:11,825 Our fifth story takes place in a great rainforest 87 00:08:11,866 --> 00:08:14,202 in the wild heart of Africa. 88 00:08:17,538 --> 00:08:21,084 The forest is just waking up. 89 00:08:21,126 --> 00:08:24,463 And so is this curious young chimpanzee. 90 00:08:26,631 --> 00:08:30,469 Unlike the rigid hierarchy of the macaques, 91 00:08:30,510 --> 00:08:33,138 this guy lives in a much more relaxed 92 00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:35,974 community of about 30 relatives. 93 00:08:38,643 --> 00:08:43,106 These chimpanzees are the most advanced of our five animal families, 94 00:08:43,148 --> 00:08:46,109 and have developed some truly amazing skills 95 00:08:46,151 --> 00:08:47,568 that few others can match. 96 00:08:52,907 --> 00:08:54,951 This knowledge is passed down 97 00:08:54,993 --> 00:08:57,871 from one generation to the next. 98 00:09:01,708 --> 00:09:05,170 It helps the oldest, wisest chimps to lead the troop. 99 00:09:09,424 --> 00:09:14,137 Such wisdom may take the young chimp 20 years to acquire. 100 00:09:15,722 --> 00:09:16,931 Along the way, 101 00:09:16,973 --> 00:09:18,850 he'll need to learn to distinguish 102 00:09:18,892 --> 00:09:21,728 between skills that are actually useful 103 00:09:21,769 --> 00:09:23,355 and skills that are... 104 00:09:24,939 --> 00:09:26,607 not so useful. 105 00:09:28,776 --> 00:09:30,404 This journey of understanding 106 00:09:30,445 --> 00:09:32,822 will draw on the knowledge of the whole troop 107 00:09:32,864 --> 00:09:35,033 and all of its elders. 108 00:09:38,078 --> 00:09:40,205 There's no going it alone 109 00:09:40,247 --> 00:09:42,790 for a young chimp growing up in the wild. 110 00:09:44,334 --> 00:09:47,421 KEYS TO SURVIVAL 111 00:09:47,462 --> 00:09:49,964 The first few months of a young animal's life 112 00:09:50,006 --> 00:09:52,759 are a time of pure amazement. 113 00:09:54,428 --> 00:09:57,597 But there are also great dangers. 114 00:09:57,638 --> 00:09:59,682 Unlike our other animals, 115 00:09:59,724 --> 00:10:03,853 bears hibernate in the safety of their den for the entire winter, 116 00:10:03,895 --> 00:10:06,981 when there's no food to be had. 117 00:10:07,023 --> 00:10:10,193 But it's late spring, and the mother is starving. 118 00:10:11,194 --> 00:10:13,238 It is time to go find food. 119 00:10:15,823 --> 00:10:19,035 The first great threat our cubs must face 120 00:10:19,077 --> 00:10:22,330 is the enormous spring thaw in the mountains. 121 00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:26,084 Deep cracks in the glaciers 122 00:10:26,126 --> 00:10:29,045 make certain areas too treacherous to cross. 123 00:10:30,922 --> 00:10:35,510 And the unstable, softening snow can turn one wrong footstep 124 00:10:35,552 --> 00:10:37,720 into a deadly disaster. 125 00:10:58,158 --> 00:11:00,118 Within five seconds, 126 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:03,580 an avalanche can reach 80 miles per hour. 127 00:11:11,212 --> 00:11:15,049 The largest can travel two miles downhill. 128 00:11:31,316 --> 00:11:36,737 One hundred thousand tons of snow, ice and rock 129 00:11:36,779 --> 00:11:39,115 consumes all before it. 130 00:11:58,801 --> 00:12:03,473 Any bear caught in its icy grip will be swept to its death. 131 00:12:05,308 --> 00:12:08,102 However, our cubs are lucky. 132 00:12:08,144 --> 00:12:10,021 Their mother knows a safe route. 133 00:12:10,063 --> 00:12:14,067 One she learned from her mother years ago. 134 00:12:14,108 --> 00:12:16,570 Her fat reserves are almost gone. 135 00:12:16,611 --> 00:12:19,447 She's lost 40% of her body weight, 136 00:12:19,489 --> 00:12:22,617 and soon her milk will run out. 137 00:12:22,659 --> 00:12:25,537 Before then, she needs to reach the coast 138 00:12:25,579 --> 00:12:28,456 and the food that they so desperately need. 139 00:12:32,711 --> 00:12:34,753 Back on the African plains, 140 00:12:34,795 --> 00:12:38,007 our cheetah family faces a very different challenge. 141 00:12:40,218 --> 00:12:41,844 While the bears must survive 142 00:12:41,886 --> 00:12:45,223 their environment literally collapsing around them, 143 00:12:45,265 --> 00:12:47,684 these cubs must contend with the other animals 144 00:12:47,726 --> 00:12:49,686 that share their environment. 145 00:12:53,814 --> 00:12:56,150 They're only two months old. 146 00:12:56,192 --> 00:12:59,904 They're still adjusting to this diverse grassland community 147 00:12:59,946 --> 00:13:03,032 and they have yet to learn friend from foe. 148 00:13:08,747 --> 00:13:11,207 Guess that's what mothers are for. 149 00:13:15,503 --> 00:13:18,548 She's also the one who will teach them to hunt. 150 00:13:19,924 --> 00:13:22,719 Her cubs will soon be fully weaned. 151 00:13:22,761 --> 00:13:26,473 It's time for them to learn the art of the chase. 152 00:13:33,563 --> 00:13:35,064 Not far away, 153 00:13:35,106 --> 00:13:38,652 another would-be hunter is learning the ropes. 154 00:13:40,654 --> 00:13:42,947 The large pride supporting our lion cub 155 00:13:42,989 --> 00:13:45,032 makes his early formative years 156 00:13:45,074 --> 00:13:47,285 markedly different from the cheetahs'. 157 00:13:50,913 --> 00:13:53,082 And different threats 158 00:13:53,124 --> 00:13:55,752 require different defensive skills. 159 00:13:58,837 --> 00:14:02,967 Don't be fooled into thinking these buffalo are just big, gentle cattle. 160 00:14:03,009 --> 00:14:07,764 They are 2,000 pounds of don't-mess-with-me. 161 00:14:07,806 --> 00:14:13,060 They are one of the few animals that willfully kill lions. 162 00:14:13,102 --> 00:14:16,063 The mother needs to move her cub to safety. 163 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:47,470 Some of the buffalo herd work to scatter the lion pride. 164 00:14:55,812 --> 00:14:58,064 Others target the cubs. 165 00:15:04,654 --> 00:15:08,032 This mother attempts to draw the buffalo away. 166 00:15:19,878 --> 00:15:22,046 Safe for the moment. 167 00:15:36,895 --> 00:15:39,689 The terrified cub panics. 168 00:15:47,781 --> 00:15:51,200 Surrounded and all alone, he makes a critical error. 169 00:15:52,619 --> 00:15:54,537 He calls out for his mother. 170 00:15:56,748 --> 00:15:59,500 But it's the buffalo who hear his cries. 171 00:16:09,051 --> 00:16:11,512 Suddenly, his mother leaps into the fray 172 00:16:11,554 --> 00:16:14,014 and leads a bold counter-offensive. 173 00:16:18,853 --> 00:16:21,272 The rest of the pride join the attack. 174 00:16:50,384 --> 00:16:52,052 At last, 175 00:16:52,094 --> 00:16:54,347 the mother locates her cub. 176 00:16:57,099 --> 00:16:59,352 The bond between a mother and her cub 177 00:16:59,393 --> 00:17:01,938 is as strong a force as any in nature. 178 00:17:04,899 --> 00:17:07,735 And with the rest of the pride to back her up, 179 00:17:07,777 --> 00:17:11,030 right now her cub has a much greater shot at survival 180 00:17:11,071 --> 00:17:12,657 than many other young animals. 181 00:17:21,165 --> 00:17:26,253 In Alaska, our bear family has reached their destination. 182 00:17:26,295 --> 00:17:28,255 They've made it through the mountains, 183 00:17:28,297 --> 00:17:30,884 down to the lush coastal meadows. 184 00:17:33,011 --> 00:17:34,721 Unlike the lion cub, 185 00:17:34,762 --> 00:17:37,640 these young bears have only their mother to look after them. 186 00:17:39,809 --> 00:17:42,269 Exploring their world for the first time, 187 00:17:42,311 --> 00:17:45,023 they are in a permanent state of wonder. 188 00:17:50,152 --> 00:17:51,946 And for good reason. 189 00:17:59,787 --> 00:18:02,373 All the bears have come out of hibernation. 190 00:18:09,881 --> 00:18:11,883 Like the cubs' mother, 191 00:18:11,925 --> 00:18:14,761 they've slept all winter without eating, 192 00:18:14,802 --> 00:18:17,597 and they're really hungry. 193 00:18:20,975 --> 00:18:22,977 Hungry enough to eat grass. 194 00:18:25,021 --> 00:18:27,815 Fresh sedge grass quells their immediate hunger 195 00:18:27,857 --> 00:18:29,275 and is easy to digest. 196 00:18:30,860 --> 00:18:34,030 But it's not particularly appetizing. 197 00:18:39,869 --> 00:18:41,662 The good thing is, you don't have 198 00:18:41,704 --> 00:18:43,915 to waste any energy trying to find it, 199 00:18:43,957 --> 00:18:46,333 which is ideal for the cubs. 200 00:18:46,375 --> 00:18:48,669 Since leaving their den, they've hit a growth spurt 201 00:18:48,711 --> 00:18:51,047 and are constantly hungry. 202 00:19:03,183 --> 00:19:05,478 Experienced older bears have learned 203 00:19:05,519 --> 00:19:07,855 that this is the time for eating all you can 204 00:19:07,897 --> 00:19:10,066 and conserving your strength. 205 00:19:21,119 --> 00:19:23,203 Now the cubs' mother doesn't have 206 00:19:23,245 --> 00:19:25,539 the option of laying around. 207 00:19:25,581 --> 00:19:27,249 After six months without food, 208 00:19:27,291 --> 00:19:30,920 she needs the protein-rich grass to keep her milk flowing. 209 00:19:33,923 --> 00:19:36,467 Her growing cubs are now demanding 210 00:19:36,509 --> 00:19:40,096 four times as much milk as they did in the den. 211 00:19:44,266 --> 00:19:48,187 Both cubs are greedy for all the milk they can get. 212 00:19:51,273 --> 00:19:53,400 They aren't satisfied unless they get 213 00:19:53,442 --> 00:19:56,570 45 ounces of milk a day. 214 00:19:56,612 --> 00:19:58,489 And if one of them suspects the other 215 00:19:58,531 --> 00:20:01,367 of getting an extra ounce or two on the side, 216 00:20:01,408 --> 00:20:03,786 watch out. 217 00:20:14,421 --> 00:20:16,590 Their mother knows the cubs must learn 218 00:20:16,632 --> 00:20:18,467 not to draw attention to themselves. 219 00:20:22,221 --> 00:20:25,683 There are dangerous bears here they need to avoid. 220 00:20:28,186 --> 00:20:32,773 The biggest males can weigh as much as 1,000 pounds. 221 00:20:32,815 --> 00:20:35,068 Three times bigger than their mother. 222 00:20:51,042 --> 00:20:55,004 Someday, our cubs, too, may have to face down rivals 223 00:20:55,046 --> 00:20:57,256 in such open displays of strength. 224 00:21:00,300 --> 00:21:03,429 But right now, it's the bears they can't see 225 00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:05,514 that they need to be worried about. 226 00:21:07,183 --> 00:21:10,937 A large, starving male has caught their scent. 227 00:21:15,149 --> 00:21:18,360 He will kill and eat them if he can. 228 00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,747 The mother is desperate to get them to the safety of cover. 229 00:22:17,336 --> 00:22:18,879 But it's too late. 230 00:22:22,091 --> 00:22:23,926 Their pursuer is upon them. 231 00:22:25,719 --> 00:22:27,513 The cost of being a single mother 232 00:22:27,554 --> 00:22:29,347 now becomes clear. 233 00:22:29,389 --> 00:22:31,934 Unlike the lions, she has no sisters 234 00:22:31,976 --> 00:22:34,061 to help her protect her cubs. 235 00:22:34,103 --> 00:22:36,063 She's completely on her own. 236 00:22:52,121 --> 00:22:55,457 In the midst of the attack, she loses track of her cubs. 237 00:22:58,211 --> 00:23:00,087 It's exactly what the big male 238 00:23:00,129 --> 00:23:01,505 has been waiting for. 239 00:23:07,136 --> 00:23:11,640 Attacks by male bears are one of the main causes of cub deaths. 240 00:23:16,229 --> 00:23:18,189 But not this time. 241 00:23:18,231 --> 00:23:20,566 While he's thrown off trying to track their scent, 242 00:23:20,607 --> 00:23:23,569 the mother seizes her chance to get her cubs to safety. 243 00:23:27,114 --> 00:23:31,911 A mother is a cub's best defense against all threats. 244 00:23:37,666 --> 00:23:40,418 FINDING FOOD 245 00:23:40,460 --> 00:23:43,421 Just surviving the dangers of day-to-day life 246 00:23:43,463 --> 00:23:46,384 can be a trial for young animals. 247 00:23:46,424 --> 00:23:50,428 But they must also learn to feed themselves. 248 00:23:52,806 --> 00:23:56,852 It's dawn in the jungle palace of Sri Lanka. 249 00:23:56,894 --> 00:23:59,021 The locals are just waking up, 250 00:23:59,063 --> 00:24:01,648 and are hungry for breakfast. 251 00:24:11,825 --> 00:24:15,996 The monkeys' search for food is constant. 252 00:24:16,038 --> 00:24:17,706 And today, they've descended upon 253 00:24:17,748 --> 00:24:20,500 a banyan tree full of ripe figs. 254 00:24:22,753 --> 00:24:26,299 Nearly 80% of their diet is fruit. 255 00:24:26,340 --> 00:24:30,677 But fruit lacks one vital element... protein. 256 00:24:38,269 --> 00:24:39,937 Some members of the troop, 257 00:24:39,979 --> 00:24:43,399 if they're crafty enough and lucky enough, 258 00:24:43,441 --> 00:24:47,527 will find one of the richest sources of protein... 259 00:24:47,569 --> 00:24:49,071 birds' eggs. 260 00:24:51,573 --> 00:24:54,076 Call it an extra-soft omelet. 261 00:24:58,456 --> 00:25:02,835 An easier and less goopy alternative are mushrooms. 262 00:25:04,420 --> 00:25:06,255 They taste pretty good, too. 263 00:25:11,302 --> 00:25:14,221 At a lily pond on the outskirts of the ruins, 264 00:25:14,263 --> 00:25:17,308 these highly resourceful macaques have developed 265 00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:20,060 a surprisingly innovative and unusual method 266 00:25:20,102 --> 00:25:21,603 of foraging for food. 267 00:25:24,273 --> 00:25:27,318 The young watch and learn from their mothers. 268 00:25:29,445 --> 00:25:33,449 The seed heads of the lily pads are delicious and nutritious. 269 00:25:37,453 --> 00:25:40,080 But they're not all easy pickings, 270 00:25:40,122 --> 00:25:43,583 and this is where the macaques get creative. 271 00:25:48,381 --> 00:25:51,425 Remarkably, they've learned to dive underwater. 272 00:26:05,689 --> 00:26:07,149 They're proficient swimmers 273 00:26:07,191 --> 00:26:11,404 and can find food hidden in the depths of the pond. 274 00:26:11,445 --> 00:26:15,157 They stash what they find in cheek pouches, to eat later. 275 00:26:22,540 --> 00:26:24,291 For intelligent animals, 276 00:26:24,333 --> 00:26:28,254 this is one of the great advantages of living in a large group. 277 00:26:28,295 --> 00:26:31,006 When one individual develops a new skill, 278 00:26:31,048 --> 00:26:33,717 the others can learn to follow their lead. 279 00:26:49,733 --> 00:26:51,527 In the African rainforest, 280 00:26:51,569 --> 00:26:55,114 our chimpanzees have taken this form of passed-down knowledge 281 00:26:55,155 --> 00:26:57,491 to a whole new level. 282 00:27:01,203 --> 00:27:05,541 They live in one of the most diverse habitats on Earth. 283 00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:13,048 It can take a lifetime to learn the secrets of survival here. 284 00:27:16,218 --> 00:27:19,679 To do so, young chimps draw on the collective know-how 285 00:27:19,721 --> 00:27:21,765 of the whole troop. 286 00:27:26,728 --> 00:27:29,607 The old-timers know the most tricks. 287 00:27:31,649 --> 00:27:34,945 This little guy is learning about the fruits of the forest. 288 00:27:39,492 --> 00:27:42,328 For chimps, fruit is survival. 289 00:27:44,413 --> 00:27:46,290 The elders have learned that the forest 290 00:27:46,332 --> 00:27:48,083 produces different types of fruit 291 00:27:48,125 --> 00:27:51,711 at different times of year. 292 00:27:51,753 --> 00:27:55,048 They teach the young chimps which tree is in fruit when, 293 00:27:55,090 --> 00:27:57,134 and how best to eat it. 294 00:27:59,677 --> 00:28:04,600 This tough wooden boomerang is actually the fruit of a Xylia tree. 295 00:28:11,982 --> 00:28:14,943 It's a lot of work to get to a few seeds. 296 00:28:21,158 --> 00:28:24,286 And that's enough with the exhausting Xylia. 297 00:28:25,954 --> 00:28:27,789 On to the next fruit. 298 00:28:30,876 --> 00:28:32,836 Deep in the forest, there's a river 299 00:28:32,878 --> 00:28:35,464 where other softer fruit is in season. 300 00:28:37,633 --> 00:28:40,927 Adults collect the fruit and carry it to the stream. 301 00:28:43,556 --> 00:28:47,226 They've learned to wash the dirt off before they eat them. 302 00:28:49,186 --> 00:28:52,565 It's not the most sophisticated style of eating, 303 00:28:52,606 --> 00:28:55,775 but the young chimp dutifully emulates it. 304 00:28:59,613 --> 00:29:03,534 After generations of trial and error... 305 00:29:03,576 --> 00:29:06,995 this is the technique the chimps have developed 306 00:29:07,037 --> 00:29:09,665 to get the best out of the fruit. 307 00:30:01,759 --> 00:30:06,472 Just when you think all the juice is gone, one last trick. 308 00:30:06,513 --> 00:30:09,725 Add a little water, and go again. 309 00:30:16,148 --> 00:30:17,149 Mmm. 310 00:30:18,108 --> 00:30:19,109 Mmm-hmm. 311 00:30:20,068 --> 00:30:21,278 Still good. 312 00:30:29,411 --> 00:30:31,163 But there's more to subsistence 313 00:30:31,204 --> 00:30:34,249 than re-chewing already chewed fruit. 314 00:30:35,542 --> 00:30:37,043 The next level of food-figuring 315 00:30:37,085 --> 00:30:38,962 will involve an ingenious technique 316 00:30:39,004 --> 00:30:41,548 that few creatures have discovered. 317 00:30:43,509 --> 00:30:47,721 For other animals, the challenge isn't just what food to eat, 318 00:30:47,763 --> 00:30:51,600 it's learning how to find it in the first place. 319 00:30:51,642 --> 00:30:54,561 On the Alaskan coast, when the tide retreats, 320 00:30:54,603 --> 00:31:00,567 it reveals vast mudflats full of food, if you know where to look. 321 00:31:02,944 --> 00:31:05,071 The mother bear has brought her cubs 322 00:31:05,113 --> 00:31:07,282 to the safety of an open beach 323 00:31:07,324 --> 00:31:10,452 where dangerous bears can't sneak up on them. 324 00:31:13,664 --> 00:31:18,126 And better yet, she knows where to find food here. 325 00:31:18,168 --> 00:31:21,963 It's time to show the cubs how to feed on fresh clams. 326 00:31:24,633 --> 00:31:26,259 It's a bit of an art. 327 00:31:36,978 --> 00:31:38,021 A bear's nose, 328 00:31:38,063 --> 00:31:39,648 which is over a thousand times 329 00:31:39,690 --> 00:31:41,107 more sensitive than ours, 330 00:31:41,149 --> 00:31:44,403 is perfect for sniffing out the buried shellfish. 331 00:32:17,977 --> 00:32:20,647 This is the cubs' first trip to the seaside, 332 00:32:20,689 --> 00:32:23,275 and they are, understandably, 333 00:32:23,316 --> 00:32:25,861 a little overwhelmed by the moment. 334 00:33:23,919 --> 00:33:27,798 There are other young bears enjoying the safety of this beach. 335 00:33:29,925 --> 00:33:31,718 A year or so ago, 336 00:33:31,760 --> 00:33:35,180 they were also with their mothers, learning to dig for clams. 337 00:33:38,725 --> 00:33:40,978 And after all this time, 338 00:33:41,019 --> 00:33:44,230 they still haven't forgotten how to horse around. 339 00:33:48,193 --> 00:33:51,279 This playful tussling serves an important purpose. 340 00:33:52,614 --> 00:33:54,950 It helps them work out who's stronger 341 00:33:54,992 --> 00:33:57,410 and may prevent actual deadly fights 342 00:33:57,452 --> 00:34:00,205 or serious injury when they're fully grown. 343 00:34:18,557 --> 00:34:21,894 But not all visitors to this beach are here to play. 344 00:34:23,102 --> 00:34:26,064 The big bear is back. 345 00:34:27,858 --> 00:34:30,485 He is a constant reminder to this family 346 00:34:30,527 --> 00:34:33,739 that they can never let their guard down. 347 00:34:43,498 --> 00:34:48,754 In Sri Lanka, the macaques' search for food is never-ending. 348 00:34:54,676 --> 00:34:57,345 One low-ranking monkey doesn't have 349 00:34:57,387 --> 00:34:59,723 the energy to join in with the rest. 350 00:35:03,602 --> 00:35:08,147 The high-class kids are well-fed, full of energy and confidence. 351 00:35:12,569 --> 00:35:16,489 They make no secret of the fact that he's not one of them. 352 00:35:27,292 --> 00:35:31,337 Worse still, when the troop does find food, 353 00:35:31,379 --> 00:35:35,216 only the social elite get to feed on the tastiest flowers. 354 00:35:38,386 --> 00:35:40,722 As the lowest of the low, 355 00:35:40,764 --> 00:35:43,516 he has to survive on scraps from above. 356 00:35:52,317 --> 00:35:54,402 Weak from hunger, 357 00:35:54,444 --> 00:35:56,613 he's too tired to hold his own. 358 00:36:03,369 --> 00:36:06,873 His chances of survival are fading... fast. 359 00:36:12,712 --> 00:36:18,426 One of the group leaders, a large male, has noticed he's in trouble. 360 00:36:18,468 --> 00:36:21,930 Living on the edge of society leaves him open to attack. 361 00:36:34,359 --> 00:36:36,945 In an extraordinary gesture, 362 00:36:36,987 --> 00:36:39,364 the male leader takes pity on him. 363 00:36:41,908 --> 00:36:43,618 It's rare, 364 00:36:43,660 --> 00:36:47,122 but some species of primate do adopt vulnerable youngsters. 365 00:36:48,623 --> 00:36:52,002 It's another advantage of living in a big troop. 366 00:37:02,554 --> 00:37:04,222 Most importantly, 367 00:37:04,263 --> 00:37:07,809 the big male can show the little monkey where to find food. 368 00:37:09,728 --> 00:37:11,646 Caterpillars have appeared, 369 00:37:11,688 --> 00:37:14,440 hanging from the trees like wiggling fruit. 370 00:37:21,073 --> 00:37:25,326 Juicy hawk moth caterpillars are the biggest and fattest. 371 00:37:34,211 --> 00:37:36,755 They're also the most difficult to reach. 372 00:37:36,796 --> 00:37:38,631 The perfect time for monkeys 373 00:37:38,673 --> 00:37:40,592 to show off their athleticism. 374 00:38:14,042 --> 00:38:16,169 The big caterpillars are beyond 375 00:38:16,211 --> 00:38:17,587 our little guy's grasp... 376 00:38:19,923 --> 00:38:22,467 but there are plenty of smaller ones 377 00:38:22,508 --> 00:38:24,803 grubbing around in the ruins. 378 00:38:26,721 --> 00:38:29,724 Caterpillars are a rich source of protein. 379 00:38:31,392 --> 00:38:34,896 The perfect food for a hungry, growing youngster. 380 00:38:43,738 --> 00:38:47,533 With a full belly, and someone to look out for him, 381 00:38:47,575 --> 00:38:51,579 life for this young macaque is finally looking up. 382 00:38:53,581 --> 00:38:59,171 HUNTING 383 00:38:59,212 --> 00:39:00,880 For some young animals, 384 00:39:00,922 --> 00:39:04,550 simply knowing where to find food isn't enough. 385 00:39:06,803 --> 00:39:09,889 They must learn how to catch their food. 386 00:39:11,891 --> 00:39:14,769 Food that can run from you. 387 00:39:22,277 --> 00:39:25,738 The mother cheetah is a master of this domain. 388 00:39:31,452 --> 00:39:33,663 With five hungry mouths to feed, 389 00:39:33,705 --> 00:39:35,957 she must hunt almost every day. 390 00:39:39,836 --> 00:39:42,339 And these cubs get first-hand lessons 391 00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:44,757 from the fastest predator on the plains. 392 00:39:48,345 --> 00:39:50,722 Their mother's explosive speed 393 00:39:50,763 --> 00:39:52,765 makes her perfectly suited 394 00:39:52,807 --> 00:39:54,517 to targeting smaller antelope. 395 00:39:58,730 --> 00:40:00,439 Larger antelope are too strong 396 00:40:00,481 --> 00:40:02,025 for her to hunt on her own. 397 00:40:06,863 --> 00:40:10,158 She's waiting for one to drop its guard. 398 00:40:19,500 --> 00:40:21,961 To increase her chances, 399 00:40:22,003 --> 00:40:24,297 she must get as close as she can 400 00:40:24,339 --> 00:40:25,924 before launching her attack. 401 00:42:12,447 --> 00:42:15,492 Her growing cubs will eat well this evening. 402 00:42:22,040 --> 00:42:26,794 Larger prey living in herds are safe from a lone cheetah. 403 00:42:26,836 --> 00:42:29,255 But a different kind of cat, 404 00:42:29,297 --> 00:42:31,757 with a totally different strategy, 405 00:42:31,799 --> 00:42:34,593 can overcome a herd's defenses. 406 00:42:36,971 --> 00:42:39,391 The young lion cub is about to watch 407 00:42:39,432 --> 00:42:42,394 and learn how his family pride hunts. 408 00:42:44,687 --> 00:42:46,272 Working together, 409 00:42:46,314 --> 00:42:49,401 they can target zebra 20 times heavier 410 00:42:49,442 --> 00:42:51,110 than the gazelle the cheetah hunted. 411 00:42:52,862 --> 00:42:56,032 These muscular felines use strength and surprise 412 00:42:56,074 --> 00:42:57,950 rather than raw speed. 413 00:43:05,083 --> 00:43:08,586 The lionesses join forces to set an ambush. 414 00:43:17,678 --> 00:43:20,014 The cubs' mother takes the lead. 415 00:43:21,849 --> 00:43:24,018 Her job is to split the herd 416 00:43:24,060 --> 00:43:27,397 and force some of them towards her sisters lying in wait. 417 00:43:39,825 --> 00:43:43,162 Her cub watches intently as the trap is set. 418 00:44:34,339 --> 00:44:38,759 Hunting together increases the pride's chances of success. 419 00:44:41,429 --> 00:44:43,473 It also improves their chances 420 00:44:43,515 --> 00:44:46,559 of keeping their food. 421 00:44:46,601 --> 00:44:50,188 A fresh kill is a prize that others would like to steal. 422 00:44:52,398 --> 00:44:56,569 The cheetah family have gorged on the gazelle. 423 00:44:56,611 --> 00:45:00,990 But the commotion of the hunt has attracted envious onlookers. 424 00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:17,006 Hyenas... 425 00:45:17,048 --> 00:45:19,509 a cheetah's worst nightmare. 426 00:45:27,058 --> 00:45:32,647 Hyenas are powerful enemies and will steal their food. 427 00:45:32,689 --> 00:45:37,276 But worse... if they discover the young cubs... 428 00:45:37,318 --> 00:45:41,072 ...they will hunt them down. 429 00:45:41,113 --> 00:45:44,200 The mother's lost several cubs before. 430 00:45:44,242 --> 00:45:47,328 She knows they're in extreme danger. 431 00:45:57,088 --> 00:46:01,676 But her greatest hunting asset now exposes a weakness. 432 00:46:01,718 --> 00:46:05,096 A cheetah sacrifices bulk for speed. 433 00:46:05,137 --> 00:46:08,516 She's not built for this fight. 434 00:46:08,558 --> 00:46:11,394 One bite from those savage jaws... 435 00:46:12,353 --> 00:46:14,272 and it's game over. 436 00:46:20,486 --> 00:46:22,697 Their mother's lost sight of them. 437 00:46:25,199 --> 00:46:28,453 They won't be safe until they're back by her side. 438 00:46:34,584 --> 00:46:35,792 As the light fades... 439 00:46:36,919 --> 00:46:40,172 so do their chances of survival. 440 00:46:40,214 --> 00:46:45,303 Hyenas hunt at night and can take their time to find the cubs. 441 00:47:00,901 --> 00:47:03,738 The dawn brings hope. 442 00:47:11,120 --> 00:47:13,581 One little cub has made it. 443 00:47:15,583 --> 00:47:17,752 Along with her two sisters. 444 00:47:26,636 --> 00:47:30,889 But the two others are nowhere to be found. 445 00:47:30,931 --> 00:47:33,309 They've been taken in the night. 446 00:47:34,644 --> 00:47:37,396 Even young animals who are born to hunt 447 00:47:37,438 --> 00:47:39,816 can fall prey to hunters. 448 00:47:49,617 --> 00:47:52,286 Finding food is seldom easy... 449 00:47:55,498 --> 00:47:57,082 but every now and then, 450 00:47:57,124 --> 00:47:59,001 it arrives wholesale. 451 00:47:59,043 --> 00:48:00,586 DAYS OF PLENTY 452 00:48:00,628 --> 00:48:02,087 And when it does, 453 00:48:02,129 --> 00:48:06,425 a growing young animal needs to be ready to capitalize. 454 00:48:06,467 --> 00:48:12,306 Until now, the brown bears have been surviving on grass and clams. 455 00:48:12,348 --> 00:48:15,434 But they need to fatten up for the coming winter, 456 00:48:15,476 --> 00:48:17,269 and we all know what that means. 457 00:48:19,522 --> 00:48:21,607 Salmon. 458 00:48:24,861 --> 00:48:26,779 They're on their annual migration, 459 00:48:26,821 --> 00:48:28,740 leaving the sea to swim upriver 460 00:48:28,781 --> 00:48:30,825 to freshwater spawning grounds. 461 00:48:36,163 --> 00:48:39,458 It's the great food bonanza that every bear here 462 00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:41,794 has been waiting all year for. 463 00:48:52,263 --> 00:48:54,973 All the bears need to pile on vital pounds 464 00:48:55,015 --> 00:48:57,435 for their long winter hibernation. 465 00:48:58,519 --> 00:49:00,730 They'll gorge on the salmon, 466 00:49:00,772 --> 00:49:04,275 eating up to 30 fish a day, if they can. 467 00:49:19,832 --> 00:49:22,460 But competition is fierce. 468 00:49:25,212 --> 00:49:29,801 As these bears have no idea how long this food will last. 469 00:49:34,472 --> 00:49:38,142 Once again, the family must find somewhere safer. 470 00:49:42,229 --> 00:49:47,693 Further upstream is a spot the mother knows from previous years. 471 00:49:47,735 --> 00:49:50,529 The salmon are never guaranteed... 472 00:49:50,571 --> 00:49:53,574 but she's hoping there will at least be a few. 473 00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:08,631 And, hey, looks like there are a few. 474 00:50:14,052 --> 00:50:15,972 More than a few. 475 00:50:23,187 --> 00:50:26,899 The hungry bears can't believe their eyes. 476 00:50:26,941 --> 00:50:30,026 More salmon than they could ever dream of. 477 00:50:31,863 --> 00:50:34,281 All they have to do is catch them. 478 00:50:47,419 --> 00:50:49,714 It's been a year since the mother fished here. 479 00:50:49,755 --> 00:50:51,549 She's out of practice. 480 00:50:56,804 --> 00:51:01,684 It's so frustrating. The cubs were expecting to score big. 481 00:51:13,237 --> 00:51:15,239 But try, try again, 482 00:51:15,280 --> 00:51:19,410 and they finally get what they've waited so long for... 483 00:51:20,828 --> 00:51:22,872 A salmon supper. 484 00:51:25,041 --> 00:51:28,836 With so many fish, the bigger bears have no need to fight. 485 00:51:28,878 --> 00:51:31,714 The growing cubs will finally get their chance to eat 486 00:51:31,756 --> 00:51:36,301 until they can't eat anymore. 487 00:51:36,343 --> 00:51:40,138 The bears will keep feeding for as long as the salmon keep coming. 488 00:51:42,016 --> 00:51:45,477 They'll eat 90% of their entire year's food 489 00:51:45,519 --> 00:51:47,479 in just a few weeks, 490 00:51:47,521 --> 00:51:49,774 piling on fat that will keep them alive 491 00:51:49,815 --> 00:51:52,026 through their winter hibernation. 492 00:52:01,786 --> 00:52:03,746 In the Sri Lankan ruins, 493 00:52:03,788 --> 00:52:05,664 monsoon rains have let loose 494 00:52:05,706 --> 00:52:07,708 a different kind of free-for-all. 495 00:52:09,627 --> 00:52:12,046 Thousands of winged termites are 496 00:52:12,088 --> 00:52:14,715 taking to the air to found new colonies. 497 00:52:22,180 --> 00:52:26,142 The macaques are literally engulfed by them, 498 00:52:26,184 --> 00:52:28,854 so they hardly need to expend any energy 499 00:52:28,896 --> 00:52:31,941 snatching up this potent source of protein. 500 00:52:39,239 --> 00:52:44,078 This incredible flying feast occurs only once a year, 501 00:52:44,120 --> 00:52:46,622 and lasts just a few hours, 502 00:52:46,664 --> 00:52:50,166 so the troop must savor the moment while it lasts. 503 00:52:56,548 --> 00:52:59,760 Seasonal rains in the chimpanzees' jungle home 504 00:52:59,802 --> 00:53:02,262 have also brought out swarms of insects. 505 00:53:03,931 --> 00:53:06,058 But these bugs are different. 506 00:53:09,185 --> 00:53:11,105 These bugs bite back. 507 00:53:14,441 --> 00:53:18,112 A column of ferocious soldier ants with just one mission. 508 00:53:19,279 --> 00:53:22,616 To feed an army of 50 million. 509 00:53:25,619 --> 00:53:27,872 Time to learn how to eat 510 00:53:27,913 --> 00:53:29,874 without being eaten. 511 00:53:31,333 --> 00:53:34,294 It's a simple but ingenious trick. 512 00:53:37,339 --> 00:53:38,632 Twig-trolling. 513 00:53:41,635 --> 00:53:44,638 A long time ago, one of our little chimp's ancestors 514 00:53:44,680 --> 00:53:47,349 stumbled upon an easy way to eat ants. 515 00:53:48,934 --> 00:53:51,562 Make a rod from a twig... 516 00:53:51,603 --> 00:53:53,313 poke it into a colony... 517 00:53:54,190 --> 00:53:56,441 and presto, 518 00:53:56,483 --> 00:53:57,943 a bugsicle. 519 00:54:01,155 --> 00:54:04,158 Yet another remarkable skill that's been passed down 520 00:54:04,200 --> 00:54:07,243 from generation to generation. 521 00:54:07,285 --> 00:54:10,664 And this is the young chimp's generation. 522 00:54:12,083 --> 00:54:15,211 It's his turn to watch and learn. 523 00:54:28,473 --> 00:54:30,101 Making tools is something that 524 00:54:30,142 --> 00:54:33,062 very few animals have ever managed. 525 00:54:34,312 --> 00:54:37,191 So this is a big deal for our little guy. 526 00:54:48,035 --> 00:54:50,913 Before you know it, he's mastered the trick. 527 00:54:53,540 --> 00:54:55,084 But he still has to learn 528 00:54:55,126 --> 00:54:58,587 the troop's most advanced and most difficult skill. 529 00:55:01,506 --> 00:55:03,467 ALLIES AND ENEMIES 530 00:55:03,508 --> 00:55:06,511 As our young animals grow older, 531 00:55:06,553 --> 00:55:12,851 they meet new kinds of challenges and learn new life lessons. 532 00:55:12,893 --> 00:55:16,814 Often, these lessons are not so much taught to them 533 00:55:16,855 --> 00:55:20,484 as they are imposed upon them by nature. 534 00:55:24,571 --> 00:55:27,032 It's been a few months since the young cheetahs lost 535 00:55:27,074 --> 00:55:30,619 their two brothers to the hyenas. 536 00:55:30,661 --> 00:55:34,372 The memory of that night still haunts the family... 537 00:55:34,414 --> 00:55:36,917 but it has also heightened their alertness. 538 00:55:42,422 --> 00:55:44,883 The growing cubs have an instinctive urge 539 00:55:44,925 --> 00:55:47,469 to practice their hunting and survival skills... 540 00:55:48,971 --> 00:55:51,556 quite separate from their mother's influence. 541 00:55:55,269 --> 00:55:58,230 This includes play-fighting... 542 00:55:58,272 --> 00:56:00,024 and play-hunting. 543 00:56:04,111 --> 00:56:07,239 Even their mother is not safe from a surprise attack. 544 00:56:15,455 --> 00:56:17,249 Climbing, on the other hand, 545 00:56:17,291 --> 00:56:20,627 might not seem like a very useful skill for a cheetah. 546 00:56:23,255 --> 00:56:26,258 But their mother knows it's a crucial skill. 547 00:56:28,177 --> 00:56:30,179 A cat that can't defeat its enemy 548 00:56:30,221 --> 00:56:32,639 with sheer strength needs a Plan B. 549 00:56:39,395 --> 00:56:41,940 Next time the hyenas come calling, 550 00:56:41,982 --> 00:56:44,026 the cubs will have a chance. 551 00:56:51,992 --> 00:56:53,785 Not very far away, 552 00:56:53,827 --> 00:56:56,080 our young lion is about to encounter 553 00:56:56,121 --> 00:56:58,999 a threat from inside the family. 554 00:56:59,041 --> 00:57:01,960 Unlike the cheetahs, it's his large pride 555 00:57:02,002 --> 00:57:04,713 that has kept him safe and well-fed, 556 00:57:04,755 --> 00:57:07,591 but that's about to end. 557 00:57:07,632 --> 00:57:10,802 His father has mating rights to all the pride females, 558 00:57:10,844 --> 00:57:12,637 and will kill to protect them. 559 00:57:15,807 --> 00:57:18,435 The young male is now two years old 560 00:57:18,476 --> 00:57:20,812 and will soon want his own pride. 561 00:57:22,647 --> 00:57:26,484 This makes him a potential threat to his father... 562 00:57:26,526 --> 00:57:28,862 who consequently forces him out. 563 00:57:49,591 --> 00:57:54,430 It's a pivotal and painful moment in a young lion's life. 564 00:58:03,272 --> 00:58:05,190 But he's not alone. 565 00:58:05,232 --> 00:58:09,736 All his male cousins of the same age are banished as well. 566 00:58:15,575 --> 00:58:19,246 The young cheetahs are also facing a critical test. 567 00:58:20,622 --> 00:58:23,459 The day they've been dreading has arrived. 568 00:58:24,918 --> 00:58:26,670 The hyenas are back. 569 00:58:28,797 --> 00:58:33,510 By now the cubs have learned what the mother has always known. 570 00:58:33,551 --> 00:58:36,721 These intruders aren't just scavengers... 571 00:58:36,763 --> 00:58:39,557 they're deadly efficient hunters. 572 00:58:44,521 --> 00:58:48,233 Once again, Mother leads the defense. 573 00:58:54,572 --> 00:58:57,409 But this time, she's not alone. 574 00:59:18,805 --> 00:59:23,018 The hyenas attempt to outflank the mother and separate her cubs. 575 00:59:24,395 --> 00:59:26,771 One brave young cub risks her life 576 00:59:26,813 --> 00:59:29,024 to back up her mother. 577 00:59:29,066 --> 00:59:31,318 Giving her sisters just enough time 578 00:59:31,360 --> 00:59:33,778 to escape up a tree to safety. 579 00:59:37,491 --> 00:59:39,576 Plan B has worked. 580 00:59:40,618 --> 00:59:43,372 Hyenas can't climb trees. 581 00:59:52,297 --> 00:59:57,802 When the coast is clear... the sisters re-join their mother. 582 01:00:03,683 --> 01:00:06,186 They have every right to celebrate. 583 01:00:07,438 --> 01:00:10,148 But there will be more battles to come. 584 01:00:13,610 --> 01:00:17,573 At least now they know they can outmaneuver their foes. 585 01:00:20,617 --> 01:00:24,746 The young lions, on the other hand, are struggling to get by. 586 01:00:26,373 --> 01:00:28,708 With no mothers to hunt for them, 587 01:00:28,750 --> 01:00:31,711 only one in eight males make it to adulthood. 588 01:00:33,046 --> 01:00:34,756 Suddenly, the cheetah cubs' chances 589 01:00:34,798 --> 01:00:36,467 don't look quite so bad. 590 01:00:45,601 --> 01:00:48,312 It's the height of the dry season, 591 01:00:48,353 --> 01:00:50,855 a time of frequent grass fires. 592 01:00:54,943 --> 01:00:58,196 The herds of big game have moved on. 593 01:00:58,238 --> 01:01:01,783 There are no easy pickings for open-range predators. 594 01:01:13,211 --> 01:01:15,797 The outcast lions are starving. 595 01:01:21,928 --> 01:01:24,848 Our young male suddenly spots something. 596 01:01:25,599 --> 01:01:27,934 A sign from above. 597 01:01:31,938 --> 01:01:33,773 Wherever there are vultures... 598 01:01:34,608 --> 01:01:36,693 there is food nearby. 599 01:01:44,784 --> 01:01:49,247 A rotting carcass isn't the meal he was hoping for. 600 01:01:49,289 --> 01:01:51,708 But he's desperate. 601 01:01:51,749 --> 01:01:55,379 He and his cousins will eat anything at this point. 602 01:02:02,927 --> 01:02:05,722 He must face three more years in the wilderness 603 01:02:05,763 --> 01:02:08,475 before he's big enough to rule. 604 01:02:12,479 --> 01:02:16,567 The question is, can he survive that long? 605 01:02:37,713 --> 01:02:41,466 The toque macaques are about to face their own dire threat. 606 01:02:49,307 --> 01:02:51,435 The rocks above their home have been 607 01:02:51,476 --> 01:02:53,895 taken over by a competing troop. 608 01:02:57,982 --> 01:03:00,485 These battle-scarred fighters want the fruit trees 609 01:03:00,527 --> 01:03:03,238 of the temple grounds for themselves. 610 01:03:03,280 --> 01:03:05,532 And they'll go to war to get them. 611 01:03:12,122 --> 01:03:14,958 The two sides scope each other out. 612 01:03:21,423 --> 01:03:23,550 Lookouts alert the big males to man 613 01:03:23,592 --> 01:03:26,177 the front lines as the intruders move in. 614 01:03:41,735 --> 01:03:44,529 The little ones are whisked off to safety. 615 01:03:53,580 --> 01:03:55,499 All the monkeys work together 616 01:03:55,540 --> 01:03:57,751 to defend against the enemy troop. 617 01:04:00,712 --> 01:04:04,090 It's another vital benefit of living in a big group. 618 01:04:08,595 --> 01:04:11,973 The home troop aren't just defending their food. 619 01:04:12,015 --> 01:04:14,225 If they're defeated, the invaders 620 01:04:14,267 --> 01:04:16,936 may force them into a life of servitude. 621 01:04:18,938 --> 01:04:21,566 Like most animals, the monkeys will 622 01:04:21,608 --> 01:04:24,194 avoid violent fights if they can. 623 01:04:28,072 --> 01:04:30,241 Facial warnings and body postures 624 01:04:30,283 --> 01:04:33,662 tell the opposition to back off or else. 625 01:04:48,134 --> 01:04:52,096 These gestures are a way of assessing who's strongest 626 01:04:52,138 --> 01:04:54,683 without starting a battle. 627 01:05:04,568 --> 01:05:06,944 But when negotiations break down... 628 01:05:09,447 --> 01:05:11,449 It's all-out war. 629 01:05:48,612 --> 01:05:51,406 The sides are evenly matched. 630 01:05:51,448 --> 01:05:54,659 Only the troop leaders can decide the outcome. 631 01:06:25,857 --> 01:06:27,859 The home team holds its ground 632 01:06:27,901 --> 01:06:30,069 and repels the invaders. 633 01:06:43,374 --> 01:06:45,710 But not everyone is celebrating. 634 01:06:47,378 --> 01:06:50,381 This little guy has lost his protector, 635 01:06:50,423 --> 01:06:51,883 the troop leader. 636 01:06:56,596 --> 01:06:59,975 His injured comrades scan the battlefield. 637 01:07:02,602 --> 01:07:04,938 But he's nowhere to be found. 638 01:07:19,452 --> 01:07:20,871 But then, 639 01:07:20,912 --> 01:07:23,581 from the wake of the enemy's retreat... 640 01:07:27,961 --> 01:07:30,797 the troop's brave leader emerges. 641 01:07:34,258 --> 01:07:37,512 And returns to his young protege's side. 642 01:07:40,223 --> 01:07:43,100 This little monkey has been through a lot of ups and downs 643 01:07:43,142 --> 01:07:44,811 for such a young age. 644 01:07:48,815 --> 01:07:50,859 But for now, 645 01:07:50,901 --> 01:07:53,152 his future looks safe. 646 01:08:02,328 --> 01:08:05,790 AN ANCIENT TRADITION 647 01:08:05,832 --> 01:08:08,125 Deep within the African rainforest, 648 01:08:08,167 --> 01:08:12,255 a great secret is about to be revealed. 649 01:08:12,296 --> 01:08:14,465 Our young chimpanzee is about to 650 01:08:14,507 --> 01:08:17,134 discover an extraordinary use of tools, 651 01:08:17,176 --> 01:08:20,638 invented centuries ago, by an inspired chimp, 652 01:08:20,680 --> 01:08:23,683 and passed down through the generations. 653 01:08:28,980 --> 01:08:32,067 Unlike chimps in other parts of Africa, 654 01:08:32,108 --> 01:08:35,570 these chimps have discovered how to break open nuts. 655 01:08:39,198 --> 01:08:42,535 Which is a lot harder than it looks. 656 01:08:42,577 --> 01:08:46,289 Only the right set of tools will do. 657 01:08:46,330 --> 01:08:49,876 First you need a steady base that holds the nut in place. 658 01:08:58,051 --> 01:09:00,720 Then you need the right kind of hammer. 659 01:09:09,646 --> 01:09:13,316 The troop leader has his own special hand-and-foot technique 660 01:09:13,357 --> 01:09:15,860 that puts other nut-crackers to shame. 661 01:09:21,950 --> 01:09:25,745 But he's happy to show the young up-and-comers how it's done. 662 01:09:30,541 --> 01:09:33,461 And having just turned three years old, 663 01:09:33,503 --> 01:09:36,422 it's this little guy's turn to learn the art. 664 01:09:46,516 --> 01:09:49,894 He's got himself a nice, big nut. 665 01:09:49,936 --> 01:09:53,523 And he's decided to go with a wooden hammer. 666 01:09:58,235 --> 01:09:59,779 No one's told him yet 667 01:09:59,821 --> 01:10:03,574 that wood is not the best material for cracking nuts. 668 01:10:28,058 --> 01:10:30,935 That's it. He's found a good, sharp rock. 669 01:10:38,193 --> 01:10:40,695 Normally it doesn't take this long. 670 01:10:44,323 --> 01:10:46,076 Cracked it. Good job. 671 01:10:52,289 --> 01:10:56,627 The most experienced adults don't expend so much energy. 672 01:10:56,669 --> 01:10:59,714 They know larger rocks mean fewer strikes. 673 01:11:12,018 --> 01:11:14,687 But large tools will crack more than nuts. 674 01:11:31,328 --> 01:11:32,663 It will take years 675 01:11:32,705 --> 01:11:35,041 before our young chimp is as good as the adults. 676 01:11:36,459 --> 01:11:38,002 But he's on the learning curve, 677 01:11:38,044 --> 01:11:42,006 and well on his way to mastering this remarkable skill 678 01:11:42,048 --> 01:11:44,134 that so few have cracked. 679 01:11:56,980 --> 01:11:59,356 EPILOGUE 680 01:11:59,398 --> 01:12:02,902 All of our extraordinary young animals have gone on to live 681 01:12:02,944 --> 01:12:06,990 full but challenging lives. 682 01:12:07,031 --> 01:12:11,828 In Alaska, the bear cubs' first year was a true test... 683 01:12:11,869 --> 01:12:15,081 and they passed with flying colors. 684 01:12:15,123 --> 01:12:17,458 The great salmon feast fattened them up 685 01:12:17,500 --> 01:12:18,960 in preparation for winter. 686 01:12:20,086 --> 01:12:21,420 Without it, 687 01:12:21,462 --> 01:12:23,840 they would not have survived here. 688 01:12:27,510 --> 01:12:31,347 The cubs would eventually learn how to find food on their own, 689 01:12:31,388 --> 01:12:33,683 but would still rely on their mother's protection 690 01:12:33,724 --> 01:12:35,935 for another two years. 691 01:12:37,228 --> 01:12:38,771 They continue to grow stronger 692 01:12:38,813 --> 01:12:41,858 and more adventurous with the passing of the seasons. 693 01:12:54,329 --> 01:12:57,957 But when the first heavy snows of the year arrive, 694 01:12:57,999 --> 01:13:01,502 it's always time to return to the high mountains 695 01:13:01,544 --> 01:13:03,546 to dig a den 696 01:13:03,587 --> 01:13:07,508 and settle in for the long winter months of hibernation. 697 01:13:19,562 --> 01:13:21,564 On the African plains, 698 01:13:21,605 --> 01:13:26,485 the male lions survived their harsh years in exile. 699 01:13:26,527 --> 01:13:29,488 By the age of five, they were powerful young adults, 700 01:13:29,530 --> 01:13:33,159 ready to fight for a pride and kingdom of their own. 701 01:13:37,788 --> 01:13:41,500 They entered a land ruled by two old warrior brothers. 702 01:13:43,294 --> 01:13:45,880 One of them, aging and frail, 703 01:13:45,922 --> 01:13:48,465 didn't have the heart for a fight. 704 01:13:57,725 --> 01:14:02,188 His tenacious brother was left to face the strong young males alone. 705 01:14:08,319 --> 01:14:12,907 Together, they ran him off and became the new lion kings. 706 01:14:15,701 --> 01:14:18,579 The three cheetah cubs stayed with their mother 707 01:14:18,621 --> 01:14:21,040 until they were a year-and-a-half old. 708 01:14:23,084 --> 01:14:27,088 But they had one final test before they reached independence. 709 01:14:32,009 --> 01:14:34,387 Could they hunt for themselves? 710 01:15:13,759 --> 01:15:16,512 Against overwhelming odds, 711 01:15:16,553 --> 01:15:20,766 their mother had raised three mighty young cheetahs 712 01:15:20,808 --> 01:15:24,854 who were ready to make their own way in the wild. 713 01:15:29,066 --> 01:15:31,361 The macaques would again be threatened 714 01:15:31,402 --> 01:15:34,780 but never defeated by their neighboring rivals. 715 01:15:36,615 --> 01:15:39,827 And with the troop leader to show him the way, 716 01:15:39,869 --> 01:15:41,537 the lowly monkey would grow up 717 01:15:41,578 --> 01:15:43,331 to have a family of his own. 718 01:15:52,673 --> 01:15:57,261 And finally, in the great rainforest, 719 01:15:57,303 --> 01:15:59,680 it would take 20 more years, 720 01:15:59,722 --> 01:16:02,599 but the young chimpanzee would eventually master 721 01:16:02,641 --> 01:16:04,894 all of his ancestors' skills... 722 01:16:05,895 --> 01:16:08,105 and live to become 723 01:16:08,147 --> 01:16:11,359 one of the wisest elders of his troop. 56854

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