All language subtitles for The.Earthshot.Prize.Repairing.Our.Planet.S01E02.WEBRip.x264-ION10.he_auto

The UK was the first in the world
to enter the Industrial Revolution,

a revolution that came about
as we learnt how to harness

the immense power
of coal, oil and gas.

That access to power
transformed the way we could live

and what we were able to achieve.

But it turns out our reliance
on fossil fuels was just a phase.

It's taken a bit of time,
but there's now no doubt that we

are entering a new revolution,
a sustainable revolution.

This field of turbines off
the east coast of England has been

turning day and night for ten years,

generating enough electricity
to power 160,000 households.

And today, Britain's
offshore wind farms

supply the electricity needs
of more than a third of its homes.

It's a small step
in the right direction.

But across the world,
we need to do so much more.

The climate is changing
faster than ever,

which is why "fix our climate"
is one of the five

goals of the Earthshot Prize.

Every year till 2030,

we will award £1 million
to projects that will help us

to achieve this goal.

In this film,

we'll explain the scale of the
problem posed by climate change...

..introduce you to
some amazing people already

working on
extraordinary solutions...

..and finally, I'll introduce you
to the three new projects

shortlisted for
the Earthshot Prize...

..each of which could play

an important future role
in fixing our climate.

Here to tell the story of how we can

fix our climate are Sir David
Attenborough and another member

of our Earthshot Prize council, a
remarkable woman from Costa Rica who

was behind the success of the 2015
Paris Agreement on climate change,

Christiana Figueres.

I've been involved in climate change
for 30 years.

That sounds like a long time.
It IS a long time.

It's half my life, actually!

If you don't believe
that climate change is happening,

walk out your door!

And you will notice
that there are changes in the cycles

of nature that are just not normal.

They have occurred
in the past few years,

they're occurring more frequently.

You see birds migrating
at different times,

you see butterflies migrating
at different times.

So when you see nature
trying desperately to adapt,

you know that something is going on.

I describe myself
as a stubborn optimist,

and my invitation is for everyone
to become a stubborn optimist,

to be informed of the challenges
that we're facing and, because

of that, to garner everything that
we can to create a different future.

Because we are at the point
of human evolution -

we have the technologies,
we have the finance,

we know what policies
we have to enact.

We know what we have to do,

because we know what lies at
the heart of this immense problem.

Greenhouse gases,
mostly those containing carbon,

trap the sun's heat
in the atmosphere.

We need some carbon
in the atmosphere to keep us warm,

but too much
and the global temperature goes up.

Over the last two centuries,
we've been converting

huge quantities of carbon
in the ground into gas.

According to an IPCC report,
the level of carbon dioxide

in our atmosphere has not been this
high in the last two million years.

Our world is heating up.

So, what causes carbon
to become a gas in the atmosphere?

How do our modern lives
affect the climate?

And how is climate change
being felt by the people

living on the front line?

My family farm is near Broken Hill,

in the heart of
the Australian outback.

We have been in drought
for most of the past two decades.

Climate change means less rain
and more extreme heat.

We raise a hardy breed of sheep,

but even for them the land's
becoming too hot and too dry.

In these conditions,
even the native wildlife

is struggling to survive.

No matter what my family and I
do on our farm,

the climate challenge is bigger than
us. We can't adapt quick enough.

Our farm has gone
from 1,000 sheep to just 12.

Farmers are not only
victims of climate change,

we are also part of the problem.

One of the problems
we're all involved in is the way

we produce our food.

It creates over a quarter
of all greenhouse gas emissions.

Some are well known,

like the clearing of wild habitat
for farmland...

..and the carbon-rich
methane emissions of our livestock.

One of the least talked-about
impacts of farming is on our soils.

Healthy soils, full of life,

are one of the greatest
carbon stores on Earth.

But overgrazing and intensive
farming kills the life in the soil,

and it turns into dust.

The carbon is lost into the air.

24 billion tonnes of soil
disappears every year,

and the loose soil
adds to seasonal dust storms.

When I get a phone call
that the dust storm is coming,

I will run outside
and look towards Broken Hill,

and you'll see this sort of
orange tinge on the horizon,

sort of stretching
from one side to the other.

You run around the house and you
shut all the windows and the doors.

You then just have to sit it out,
and the sky progressively turns

from a light orange to a darker
orange to a red to a burgundy.

And in the really
severe storms, I mean,

you can't see your hand
a metre away in front of you.

If you go outside, the sand
just, like, stings.

Having done my own education,
understanding what climate change is

and how it's causing
this pain in the landscape,

I can walk out into the paddock
and see this illness,

and I can walk down to the creek bed

and see these 500-year-old river
red gums shedding their leaves.

These trees that are
many hundreds of years old

and which are now dying are saying
that something is different

than it has been
for many hundreds of years.

They are literally screaming in
our faces that something is wrong.

We need to observe what's actually
occurring and do something about it.

Tackling emissions of farming
is essential.

But by far our biggest problem -
and the source of over 80%

of our carbon dioxide emissions -
is our reliance on fossil fuels.

Coal, oil and natural gas are formed
from the bodies of fossilised

plants and animals that lived
millions of years ago.

We have taken this ancient carbon,
some locked away since before the

dinosaurs walked the Earth, and cast
it into the atmosphere of today.

These fuels have
transformed our lives.

They power our modern cities,

our manufacturing and our transport.

They've fuelled much of
our development and allowed us

to make connections with
people across the world.

But the world we have created
with these powerful fuels is now

under serious threat from
the carbon pollution they release.

One example of this conflict

is on the low-lying islands
of the Maldives.

I grew up very close to the ocean,
and I have been swimming for

a long time and I've been diving for
a long time, almost 30, 35 years.

So I am very close
to the reef and the ocean.

The temperature right now
is about 31 degrees Celsius,

and we're already seeing
the coral is very stressed.

If the temperature
hikes up to 34, 35,

there will be bleaching
that will kill all the young corals.

The astonishing colours
of corals come from algae

living inside their bodies.

When stressed,
the corals expel their algae

and the reef turns a ghostly white.

Bleached coral reefs are less able
to withstand storms

and may die with time.

One of the biggest causes
of this bleaching is heat.

Seeing a reef top that is
full of life and then seeing it

bleach twice in my diving career...
And it was really sad,

it was like the whole reef
was covered in snow.

You know, it's never
going to come back quickly.

It's, again, going to struggle
for another ten years to recover.

And that hit me very badly.

The ocean surface is almost one
degree warmer than a hundred years

ago, and coral reefs from Hawaii to
Australia are suffering in the heat.

If the corals die,
we will lose the fish that live

and breed on the reef, affecting
the lives of the 500 million

people who depend on reefs for food.

The people of the Maldives rely on
fossil fuels to power the boats that

deliver their fresh water, food
and materials and the planes that

bring the tourists, who generate
a quarter of the country's income.

Yet those same fossil fuels
are threatening the tropical

paradise they call home.

They, like all of us, are currently
trapped in a conflict,

tied in to burning fuels
that are causing such destruction.

For the Maldives,
a warming world threatens

far more than just their reefs.

Most of the islands are
less than one metre above the waves.

Any rise in sea level,
changes in the ocean currents

and increase in storms
impacts the coastline.

This island used to be
in the middle of this lagoon,

and this tree was almost
in the middle of the island.

There are two trees like this,
this one

and the one that's standing there.

So it's completely eroded.

This will probably go
in another five years, no?

Yeah, maybe five.
Yeah.

That house was not on the beach,
it was in the middle of the island.

The island has eroded so badly

that it has, you know,
taken everything.

A lot of the climate change that
is happening is beyond our control.

We are the first people to feel it,
and we are the most vulnerable.

It's a beautiful country, you know?

You come here
and you see this amazing ocean.

But the ocean is
the biggest threat to us,

the very ocean that we are proud of.

We need to get cleaner fuel
and we need to fight stronger,

because it is happening
in front of us.

Soon, all of us are likely to be
affected by the increasing heat.

The average global temperature
is steadily rising,

and the last seven years
are the hottest since records began.

In the Arctic,
the temperature is rising

twice as fast as the global average.

The falling of the ice
makes the Arctic less white,

which means that it is less able to
reflect the sun's rays to keep cool.

And on land, the frozen earth
of the Arctic -

the permafrost -
is also starting to fall.

As it warms, the ground is literally
changing beneath our feet.

In Alaska, the people
living closest to the land

are witness to the greatest changes.

My name is Ruth Miller,
and my Dena'ina Athabascan name

is Lchavaya K'isen,
which means "whirlwind woman".

Alaska has always been home,
for tens of thousands of years,

to a huge diversity
of indigenous peoples.

Across Alaska, across the state,
a huge number of our villages are

noticing extraordinary changes that
our grandparents don't recognise.

The impacts of melting permafrost
are multifold.

We see it unsettling our road
systems and our infrastructure, and

houses are losing their foundations
and sinking into the ground.

Ruth collates the stories of
rapid change from across the state

and campaigns for
greater climate justice.

One effect of the warming ground

is the formation of new lakes
in the forest.

And it is in these lakes
that we see how the permafrost thaw

threatens the entire global climate.

These lakes are a source
of the carbon-rich gas methane,

which scientists detect
by its power to explode.

The frozen ground contains carbon
from thousands of years ago.

As the Earth warms,
it's like opening a freezer door.

Microbes start to feed on the carbon
and generate methane.

This greenhouse gas is over 34 times
more potent than carbon dioxide.

Oh, whoa...

The more that the Arctic melts,
the more methane is released.

And the more methane that is
released, the more the globe warms.

The melting permafrost
is a ticking time bomb.

It will exacerbate
every other kind of climate threat

that we are already
dealing with today.

I worry that I won't get the chance
to teach my children how to

bead with porcupine quills or make
fish-head soup or tan caribou hides.

I worry that they won't know
the Alaska that I grew up knowing,

because I have already
been removed from the Alaska

that my grandparents knew.

We have no future
within the status quo,

so it is not a mere interest
to advocate for the environment.

It's not even a passion.

It's a responsibility.
It's a demand.

And we have no other option but
to take stewardship of our futures.

The permafrost of
the Arctic contains

up to 1,600 billion
metric tonnes of carbon,

about twice as much as currently
contained in the atmosphere.

The only way to ensure
much of this remains locked away

in the frozen earth is to prevent
our world from becoming too hot.

Despite knowing the science,
we have yet to act fast enough.

And maybe that's not so surprising.

Maybe we would always wait

until we could see the impact
with our own eyes

before we truly understood
what is at threat.

Well, now we can
most definitely see them.

We must fix our climate,
starting in earnest this decade.

But how do we do so?

The latest scientific
report from the IPCC is clear.

We have to bring emissions down

to one half of current
global levels by 2030.

It is our last chance
to stabilise at a level

to which we humans
would be able to adapt.

This is the decisive decade,

and it is the responsibility
of every adult person

sitting at any decision table
to make sure that we do not

saddle young people with a problem
that they did not create.

So "impossible" is NOT

a concept that I can accept
about addressing climate change.

It is something
that we are going to MAKE possible.

By 2050, carbon emissions
have to be at or near zero.

And there is hope.
There are solutions.

There are people creating change.

In Ghana in 2013, the government
planned to solve an energy crisis

with a coal-powered station
costing $1.5 billion.

Coal is the most polluting and
unsustainable fossil fuel we have.

Chibeze Ezekiel started
a grass-roots campaign for

Ghana to invest in renewable energy
instead of coal.

He took on the government's plans,
and he won.

Chibeze's team took their argument
for renewable energy rather

than coal power from the local
to the national level.

And their message was heard
by the government.

Since the success of his campaign,
Ghana has not invested in any coal,

but rather in more renewable
sources of energy.

There's enough solar power in Ghana
to fuel the entire country.

And one great advantage of solar
is you can harness it anywhere.

The village of Nyamebekyere
is too remote to connect

to the main power lines.

But a solar-powered microgrid
at the heart of the village

brings electricity into homes
for the very first time.

Many roads are now lit
with solar lights.

By 2030, the aim is to generate
30 times as much renewable power.

Chibeze continues to build
momentum for change.

What do we want? Solar energy!
And when do we want it?

Now, now! When do we want it?
Now, now!

You go, you go! We go!
You go, you go! We go!

Young people have a voice now
that they have never had before,

and they are exercising it
in a very powerful way.

We have to move every economy
that currently depends on coal

on to all of the other alternatives
that we have developed.

And young people know that.

Renewable power generated

nearly a third of
the world's electricity in 2021.

Yet governments are still directly
subsidising the fossil fuel industry

with over $500 billion every year,

and new coal-powered stations
are still planned.

The amount of carbon dioxide
we release is still rising.

Just as renewable energy keeps
carbon in the ground, there are

powerful ways to produce our food
that lock carbon away in the soil.

You know, if I look back
on my mistake-ridden farming career

over nearly 50 years now,
halfway through that journey

I probably would have said to a
grandson, "Go off and get educated.

"Don't go near the land."

Now I would say, "It's one of
the most exciting places to be."

When the early white settlers came,
from about 1850 to the turn

of the century, they destroyed
vast areas of our grassy woodland.

The sheep then overgrazed
the native pastures

and ate out all the diversity.

I wasn't worried in my early career

if I'd overgrazed the landscape
and we had bare ground.

I thought our landscape
and our pastures

and our whole ecosystems were
this resilient resource that you

could really belt around
and it would bounce back.

I've learnt the hard way
that is not the case.

The terrible drought of the 1980s

sent Massy's farm
spiralling into debt.

But the turning point in his life

was when he realised the destructive
impact HE was having on the land.

I don't like to think I'm old,
but I'm classed as being a bit of

a fossil with grey hair!

Until I started to get into
regenerative agriculture,

I thought our indigenous nations
had nothing to contribute,

that it was some sort of
Stone Age culture.

I mean, you know, I'm ashamed.

I've been privileged
to get to know a senior local lawman

from the Ngarigo people
called Rod Mason. And...

..we had a kurrajong tree
in our front garden, which,

when Rod Mason saw it,
he got very emotional,

and he pointed out
where the old women from

this probably 400- or 500-year-old
tree, the old

Aboriginal women had
stripped bark for fibre, etc.

And I hadn't even noticed that.

And so that was the beginning of a
huge journey that's shifted my mind,

that we have a lot to learn.

Well, it's a birthright thing,

so the day you're born
as an Aboriginal person,

you're given a cultural obligation,

and that's to make country,
to look after.

Y'know, we're talking about
a people that have been here

over 60,000 years. They do know
how to survive and manage it.

Massy discovered
regenerative agriculture,

which increases both carbon in the
soil and agricultural productivity.

The grazing management practice
that we have -

and all regenerative graziers,
really, across the world - was

based on an ecologist's work, a guy
called Allan Savory in Zimbabwe,

who watched the large migratory
herds and he asked the question,

"How come you can have
millions of animals

"and yet they're the healthiest
grasslands you'll ever see?"

He worked out that high
animal density, dung and urine,

a bit of trampling, constant
movement... So the animals only ever

grazed there a day or two

because the big-cat predators
were driving them.

And they didn't come back
for a long period.

From that simple observation,

the modern system of
regenerative grazing has evolved.

If I look back at my mismanagement
30, 40 years ago,

some sheep in a 700-acre paddock
stayed there most of the year.

And the valuable grasses
were constantly eaten out,

and you end up with a simplified
ecosystem and compacted ground.

Today, they're rarely in a paddock
more than two days,

and they mightn't come back
for three or four months.

Nature's had billions of years
to get things right.

If we mimic her example,
it invariably works,

and that's what the case is
with regenerative farming.

The really key thing in
this different type of farming

is if you increase your ground cover
and your grassland, you're putting

a lot more carbon into the soil,
and that really rich treasure, which

we've totally ignored in industrial
farming, is the soil biology.

Now if we go out into our paddock
and we put a shovel in it,

you've got a much deeper soil,
richer colour, a lot of worms,

insects, that sort of thing.

The soils get deeper,
you're absorbing more water,

so you're not running into
droughts sooner.

We've planted well over 60,000
diverse native species to get

landscape function
back into a working landscape.

We've had two new species
of wallabies come in.

You know, we're up to about 150
different bird species here now.

The whole thing is just
cranking up in health.

It's a really exciting story,
and my grandson, Hamish,

who's only 14,
is right across it already.

To him, it just seems quite natural,

that what we're doing
makes a lot of sense.

So I think the more I stay involved
in regenerative agriculture,

when I think about the different
approach of our indigenous people

to country, it's definitely not
an exploitative approach.

It's leaving the country in a better
place when you've left here.

Farmers have abandoned
almost 400 billion hectares of land

due to poor soils.

Regenerative agriculture could help
restore this land to health,

while locking away an estimated 20
billion tonnes of carbon dioxide.

It's certainly not
the only solution.

We will need to cut down on
our most carbon-intensive foods and

embrace pioneering new technologies
that sound like science fiction...

..like electric robots
that reduce the need for chemicals

by monitoring crops

and killing weeds
using electric shocks.

We're on the cusp of
a renewably-powered revolution.

We have electric cars, buses

and electric bikes.

If we demand
carbon-free transportation,

carbon-free food, carbon-free
energy, corporations will

take note and will produce
carbon-free products and services.

Yet stopping our carbon emissions
is only part of the solution.

No matter how much
we reduce our emissions,

we will not be able to
address climate change without

physically drawing CO2 out of
the air and storing it someplace.

We need to pull five to ten billion
metric tonnes of carbon dioxide

out of the air each year
over the next few decades.

And there are some
surprising ways to do it.

My name's Dale Vince and I do
a bunch of different things,

all related to sustainability.

We have to find a way to bring
large amounts of carbon back

out of the atmosphere, that we put
there, and lock it up somehow.

One solution is to pull in air,
remove the carbon dioxide

and pump that deep underground.

Capturing carbon this way can be
expensive, and Dale's solution

is to turn the carbon in the air
into something very valuable.

I was struck by the simple concept
that the most enduring

form of carbon that we know about
is the diamond,

and wouldn't it be amazing
to be able to take carbon

out of the atmosphere
and just lock it up permanently,

but into something
also that's great fun?

We have what we call
our sky mining works,

and this is where we pull the gases
we need from the atmosphere.

The carbon captured from the air
is fed into a diamond oven,

a sealed chamber
containing a diamond seed.

Under very high temperatures,
carbon gas bonds to the seed

and forms a diamond.

This whole process is fuelled
by solar and wind power.

What we've found in the process
is the carbon footprint of what we

avoid - the diamond mining
of the Earth - is enormous.

It's three days' worth of renewable
energy to make a single carat of

stone that avoids a half a ton
of greenhouse gas emissions

if you dug that out of the ground.

And so it represents a way for us
to have the bling that we like, you

know, to live this fun lifestyle,
but actually without the impact.

We like to call it
bling without the sting,

because we miss
the environment impact,

the social impact
as well as the climate impact.

This is where we need to be
in our industrial processes now.

We need to be cleaning up
the atmosphere, the land,

the water, in the process of making
whatever it is that we're making.

We've got to reverse the tide
of the last 100 years

as we make things.

We will need many
technological solutions.

Yet the most powerful way
to lock away carbon

already happens in nature.

As plants grow,
they absorb carbon dioxide

and turn it into food
for their cells.

Our wild spaces are
natural carbon sinks.

And one area with a huge impact
on our climate

is the ocean.

Every time that I go to the ocean,
it's the same feeling.

I feel connected with the oceans.

And each day is like a lottery.

Professor Hiram Rosales studies the
marine life off the Mexican coast.

For many years, he's observed the
annual arrival of the grey whales.

They make the migration
along the coastal line,

about 6,000km
from Bering Sea in Alaska

to breeding lagoons in Mexico.
It's a long, long trip.

And these whales have
a powerful impact on our climate.

They dive deep to feed

and come to the surface
to breathe and to excrete.

Their waste is
the perfect fertiliser for some

of the fastest-growing plants
on Earth - phytoplankton.

These microscopic organisms
have a mighty impact.

They absorb 37 billion tonnes
of carbon dioxide every year.

This vital stirring of ocean
nutrients is called the whale pump.

But it only happens
if there are whales.

These gentle giants were
almost killed off by hunting.

But since it was banned in 1986,
they have made an amazing recovery.

The grey whales,
well, at least to me,

is one of the high hopes that
we have. And I say this because

the grey whales were
very close to extinction.

But now, three years ago,

we calculate around 25,000 animals.

If we have more whales,
we have more nutrients.

And if we have more nutrients,
we have more plankton.

And if we have more plankton,
we have more productivity,

we have more capacity to remove
the carbon of our atmosphere.

So the importance
of the whales is enormous.

We will not address climate change
unless we restore our natural

environment and our ecosystems
the resilience that they used to

have, that we have robbed from them.

We tend to take nature for granted

and forget that our very survival
depends on nature.

Every drop of water,
every breath of air

and every morsel of food that we eat
comes from nature.

So we do not survive for very long
without nature.

Hence, in order to protect
our very survival,

we have to be nature-focused.

Restoring and protecting
our forests in particular

is essential for all our futures.

Mangroves flourish in wetlands
along tropical coasts.

They stand tall in soft mud
on a dense network of roots.

And it is these roots
that make mangrove forests

the top carbon-capture
forests of all.

They trap sediment and dead leaves,

building up huge stores
of carbon in the soil,

up to four times as much
as rainforests.

But mangroves are
frequently destroyed,

the wetlands drained
or turned into shrimp farms.

El Salvador had lost 60%
of their mangroves since the 1950s.

The community turned the tide
on the destruction, replanting and

restoring water flow to the wetlands
so the mangroves could regenerate.

The mangroves have another huge
benefit for the local villagers.

The network of roots
reduces the power of incoming waves

and protects the villages
from damage in powerful storms.

The community has
successfully restored

over 400 hectares
back into thriving forest.

Reforestation projects
are happening across the globe.

In my own country of Costa Rica,
we put a price on carbon

and paid landowners
to replant and protect forests.

In just a few decades,
forest cover has risen

from 29% to 52% of our land.

It is something we're very proud of.

We have this incredible opportunity,

the opportunity to be able
to look back in 2030 and say,

"The decade of the '20s was the
decade in which humanity woke up,

"stood up, and was able to address
the greatest challenge

"that we had ever faced."

That is the future that I want,

and that is the future
that I invite you to.

We CAN choose to create
a world without fossil fuels...

..where we have transport systems
powered by clean energy...

..where our food production
is carbon neutral.

We can choose to regenerate
the wilderness we have lost...

..and protect the wild spaces
we have today.

There's no doubt that one or two
generations from now,

this planet is going to look
VERY different.

The question is,
different in which direction?

Is it going to be different

because it is much worse
than what we have now?

Or is it going to be different
because it's much better?

People everywhere are recognising

the threat climate change
poses to our future.

But our transition to zero carbon
must ramp up year on year

if we are to meet
our global targets.

The Earthshot Prize is here
to recognise, reward and support

those with the best solutions
to get us there.

It's my honour to introduce you
to the three finalists

of the first ever Earthshot Prize
to fix our climate.

Our first finalist is SOLbazaar,
an initiative that enables people

in isolated rural areas to buy
and sell home-generated solar power.

Over four million homes
in Bangladesh have solar panels.

With so much sun,

homes often produce
more energy than they can use.

And there are still millions
of homes that can't afford

solar panels at all.

SOLbazaar has helped both groups by
linking everyone up in microgrids.

What we do is we interconnect
different households

with our smart meter,
which we call the SOLbox,

so that customers can
buy and sell electricity.

Like smart meters, the SOLbox works
by tracking energy usage and costs.

Customers can use it
alongside a mobile app

to trade energy with each other
in tiny, affordable amounts.

What this means is
if you're not using the electricity

that's being generated in your home,
you can just sell it

to your neighbours
and earn an income in the process.

Bringing clean energy to all
fights climate change

and opens up new opportunities
for the communities.

A technology like ours

means they are now able to start
businesses that were not feasible

before or even do activities
that was not feasible before.

Each home can connect
up to three of its neighbours.

The more households that join in,
the stronger the microgrid becomes

as the shared pool of energy builds.

If enough villages are
linked together, their combined

energy could even be connected
and sold to the national grid,

making solar power
a significant renewable energy

source for the country.

In nations with poor energy
infrastructure, microgrids could

prove game-changing in bringing
reliable energy to communities.

This is a Bangladeshi technology
that will now go across borders.

I think that is something that
I'm really, really excited about.

With extra support, SOLbazaar
would work on finding ways for more

people and businesses
to tap in to the microgrids.

Our next finalist is the team
behind AEM Electrolyser,

a unique small-scale device

that makes the carbon-emission-free
fuel, hydrogen.

The AEM Electrolyser
is an electrochemical device.

- It works by splitting water, H2
into its constituents,

hydrogen and oxygen gas.

This hydrogen is
the green fuel of the future.

Hydrogen can be stored
in liquid or gas form,

making it a viable alternative
wherever we use fossil fuels,

such as for transport
or to heat your home.

It emits no carbon dioxide
and, gram for gram,

has three times the energy content
of jet fuel.

Most electrolysers around the world
today are large industrial projects

taking many years and
a lot of engineering time

in order to be realised.
Our electrolysers are standardised

and are very compact.
A compact product is important

because it allows the unit
to be mass-produced.

The electrolysers are also modular,
meaning they can be used alone

or combined together to generate
large amounts of hydrogen.

If you were to use
just one electrolyser, well,

that would be enough, actually, to
make your home energy-independent.

But if we think in scale, you can
stack our electrolysers according to

your hydrogen requirements.
AEM Electrolysers have already been

used in a refuelling station
for hydrogen cars...

..and even planes.

If powered by renewable energy, the
hydrogen produced is carbon neutral.

The team believe their innovation
could make green hydrogen

available to all. The profile
and platform of the prize would

accelerate their journey
to mass production.

Our third climate finalist is
clean-energy start-up Reeddi.

Their solar-charged power capsules
are a clean-energy alternative

to diesel generators.

Across much of West Africa,
power cuts are frequent.

In order to guarantee reliable
electricity, many have little choice

but to use small diesel generators,
which emit carbon dioxide.

Reeddi's founder, an engineer,
was determined to solve the problem.

Olu set to work designing a bespoke
solar-charged power system.

Each capsule is much more powerful
than regular portable chargers,

powerful enough to run
home appliances, machines,

or even a whole house or workshop
for a few hours.

They are too expensive
for most people to own.

But Olu has a plan for that.

Once returned,

Reeddi recharges the capsules
at a local solar-power facility.

Each takes just five hours
to be fully charged,

and has a lifetime of five years.

Olu's research suggests that
160kg of carbon dioxide

emissions could be saved each year
for every person that

switches from a diesel generator
to Reeddi.

Olu's plan is for solar-powered
vending machines that dispense,

receive and charge the capsules,

to be installed
on streets across West Africa.

Because almost everything we do at
the moment has a carbon footprint,

we need as many brilliant solutions
as possible to have

a chance of achieving
this Earthshot.

One of these three finalists will
win the Earthshot Prize and get

the platform and resources they need
to scale their ground-breaking work.

Nine more solutions for
fixing our climate will receive

the same support
over the course of this decade.

With enough will,
we CAN work together

and all rise to
this immense challenge.

But fixing our climate
is just one of five Earthshots

we must achieve in order to
repair our planet.

In the next episode,
we will discover

the story of our third Earthshot,
"clean our air".

We'll visit a power plant
so clean you can ski on it...

..learn how street art is filtering
the air of Mexico City...

..and discover inspiring people
around the world battling to improve

air quality for the benefit
of all of us.