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Throughout the course,
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we're going to use a number of hacking tools.
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You can install each of these tools manually
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or you can do what most hackers do,
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including myself, and save time
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and effort and use an operating system designed for hacking.
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We're going to use an operating system called Kali Linux.
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It's a Linux distro based on Debian
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and the only difference between Kali
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and the actual original Debian Linux distro
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is the fact that Kali has a lot of hacking
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and penetration testing tools pre-installed
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and pre-configured in it.
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Therefore, once you install Kali,
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you will have access to so many hacking tools
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without the need to install or configure any of them,
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which will save you a lot of time and a lot of effort.
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Now, just like any other operating system,
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you can install it as a main machine
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or as a virtual machine.
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Now, I'm going to install it as a virtual machine
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because like I explained in the previous lecture,
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we will not lose any functionality
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by using operating systems as virtual machines
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and it comes with a lot of benefits
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because it's completely isolated
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from our computer that we always use,
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so if we break the virtual machine
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or if we want to delete it and reset it,
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it will not affect our main operating system.
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Now, as mentioned in the previous lecture,
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before creating and using virtual machines,
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you will have to install VirtualBox
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and I showed you how to install it on Windows,
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Linux and OSX.
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So once you have VirtualBox installed,
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you can go ahead and follow the steps
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that I'm gonna show you right now
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to install Kali Linux.
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Now, keep in mind, I'm doing these steps
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from an OSX computer
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but you can follow the exact same steps
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on any operating system you have,
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whether you have Linux or Windows
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as long as you have installed VirtualBox
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on your system as shown in the previous lecture.
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Now, the first thing that you wanna do
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is download the VirtualBox image of Kali Linux.
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So you can download it from the resources of this lecture.
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To access the resources of the current lecture,
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we're gonna scroll down to the lecture.
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We're gonna click on the Resources icon
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and then we're gonna click on the resource that we want.
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And in this case, we want the Kali 2020 Download Page.
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So we're gonna click on it.
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Now, before going ahead with this,
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I want to highlight something
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that is very, very, very important.
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So please pay attention.
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This is a custom Kali image that I made for my courses.
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It is smoother and faster than the original one.
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It fixes a number of bugs
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and it contains a number of extra programs
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that we need for this course
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and are not included in the original release.
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So you do not have to use this custom image,
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you can use the original one.
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You can even use just a normal Linux distribution,
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as long as you know how to manually install all
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of the missing programs
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and apply the fixes that I did myself.
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And you can see a full list of them here on the left.
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Therefore, if you ask us a question in the Q&A section
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and you're not using the custom image,
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the first thing that we will ask you
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is to use the custom Kali image that we made for you
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because we know the original one is broken
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and we will not know the changes you made
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in order to fix it.
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So if you have a 64-bit computer,
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download it from one of these links.
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Or if you have a 32-bit computer,
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then download the 32-bits version from here.
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Now, this is a big operating system.
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So I've actually already downloaded this
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before recording this lecture
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and I already have it right here.
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So as you can see, you should get a file
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with a .ova extension.
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So we have the file name, followed by .ova.
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To import this in VirtualBox,
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all we have to do is literally double click the file.
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As you can see, this'll automatically run the file
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in VirtualBox and you'll get a window
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which you can use to modify the settings
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of this virtual machine.
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For now, I'm gonna keep everything the same
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and I'm just gonna click on Import.
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Give it some time.
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And as you can see now,
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this is imported into my VirtualBox
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and we can go ahead and try to start it
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but before doing that,
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I want to modify some settings.
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So we're gonna click on the virtual machine
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that we want to modify its settings,
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which is Kali Linux in this case.
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And then, I'm gonna click on the Settings icon.
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Now, depending on the host operating system
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that you're using,
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the layout of the Settings menu in here
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might be slightly different
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but using it is exactly the same.
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So make sure you follow the steps
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that I'm gonna show you right now
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and it should work on all operating systems,
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whether you're using Windows, Linux or OSX.
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So the first thing that I wanna modify
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is the system settings.
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So I'm gonna click on System
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and in here, you can first of all,
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modify the amount of RAM or memory
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that will be allocated for the virtual machine.
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Now, depending on how much RAM you have in total,
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you can give this more or less.
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Two gigabyte is enough.
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You can get away with one gigabyte
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but it might be a little bit slow.
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So I'm gonna leave it at two.
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I have 16 gigs,
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so two will not cause any pressure
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on my host operating system.
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Next, I'm gonna click on the Processors
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and as you can see, by default it's only given two cores.
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Again, you can give it more or less.
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You can get away with one core.
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It'll be too slow, two is good enough.
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The more, the better.
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Again, it all depends on how much resources you have
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and can afford to give to virtual machines.
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I have eight CPUs.
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So giving it two will not put too much pressure
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on my operating system.
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Next, I'm gonna go to the Network Settings
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and I'm gonna set this to use a NAT network.
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Now, sometimes when you select a NAT network,
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you will not see a network name in here.
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If you don't, then don't worry about it,
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this is a common issue
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and I have the solution for you
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in the resources of this lecture.
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Just click on it, follow it
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and you'll see how to fix this issue.
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Now, for me, as you can see,
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I already have a NAT network in here.
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So I'm gonna keep it on this one.
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And this setting will basically create a virtual network
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where my host machine,
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which is my Mac OSX computer
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is going to be the router for this network
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and then all the virtual machines
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are going to be clients connected to this network.
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So they're going to get internet connection
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from my host machine.
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And at the same time, all of my virtual machines
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will be connected to the same virtual network.
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This is very handy because my virtual machines
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will be able to communicate with each other
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and therefore, will be able to use the Kali machine
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to hack into the others,
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we'll be able to test network attacks
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and do much more.
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So this setting will first allow my virtual machines
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to have internet connection
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and it will also allow them
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to communicate with each other
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through this virtual NAT network.
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Now, this virtual network will rely
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on the connection of your host computer.
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So it will not need any extra interfaces,
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it will not need any extra adapters
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and as far as the virtual machines are concerned,
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they are connected to an ethernet network
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but in reality, they are connected
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through the host machine.
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Now, if you're on VirtualBox 6
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and have a screen with high resolution,
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you'll need to go to Display
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and set the scale factor to 200%.
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Otherwise, the virtual machine's screen will be too small
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but only do this if you have a screen with a high resolution
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and if you're using VirtualBox 6.
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Otherwise, do not modify this option.
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Now, I'm done here, so I'm gonna click on OK.
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And we can start the virtual machine
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like any other virtual machine.
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We're just gonna click it and then click on Start.
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Now, if you followed everything that I did so far
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and faced a black screen or got an error,
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please check out the links in the resources
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of this lecture as they cover the most common issues
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that you could face when starting Kali.
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If you got an issue that is not covered there,
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don't worry, please ask us in the Q&A section
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and we will respond to you within 15 hours
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and help you fix this issue.
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Now, I'm gonna click inside the virtual machine
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and hit Enter.
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And as you can see, we have the login screen for Kali Linux.
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So right now, it's asking me for the username
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and the default username is root.
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R-O-O-T.
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I'm gonna hit Enter and then it's asking us
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for the password, which is the reverse of the username.
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So it is T-O-O-R.
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Hit Enter and that's it.
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Now we're inside the virtual installation of Kali Linux.
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Now, don't worry
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about how this operating system looks different
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and if you don't know how to use it.
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We will cover all of that
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and we'll cover its basics as we go through the course.
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But for now, if you just look at the top right in here,
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you'll see that this virtual machine thinks
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that it is connected using a wire.
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So you can see Wired Connected.
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So Kali thinks that it is connected
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to an ethernet network and that's because like I said,
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we set it to use a NAT network.
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So if I just go to my web browser,
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as you can see, we have internet access in Kali Linux
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and this is provided from the host computer.
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So Kali is connected to the internet
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through the host computer
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and as far as Kali is concerned,
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the host computer is a router
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and it is connected to this router
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through an ethernet cable.
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If Kali feels a little bit too slow or laggy,
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please give it a few minutes
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if this is the first time you're on it
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because when you start it for the first time,
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it'll automatically check for updates.
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Once this process is done,
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the system will start running a little bit smoother.
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Also, it goes without saying,
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if your computer is not powerful enough,
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then close any unused applications
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before starting Kali to free up resources.
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But as you'll see throughout the course,
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two gigabytes of RAM and two CPUs
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are enough to run Kali smoothly.
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