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[smooth jazz music playing]
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[Ilyasah] No matter which way you turn,
there is destiny.
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It was destiny that my father
and Cassius Clay would meet.
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Three short years
that they would spend in their lives,
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that destiny created for them...
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that was their blood brotherhood.
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We are no longer slaves.
White people no longer own us.
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Cassius destroyed that image
the other night
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when he knocked out Sonny Liston.
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[Howard Cosell] The heavyweight champion
is Cassius Clay!
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[Ilyasah] Malcolm came to this young man
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and he gave him the power that he needed
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to speak.
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[funky music plays]
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[inspirational blues music playing]
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[Rahman] Malcolm and Muhammad.
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They were very close...
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...literally as brothers.
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And I was there to witness it.
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[documentary interviewer] Did your brother
like being around Malcolm?
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Loved, loved, loved being around him.
I did too.
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He had that air about him.
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It was divine.
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The electricity
that came from his body was sacred.
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Only a few people like that in the world.
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[documentary interviewer] Why do you think
they stopped being friends?
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[Rahman] Well...
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"Destiny can take your best friend
as an instrument to cause you harm
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and your worst enemy to do you good."
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Right?
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Judas betrayed Jesus.
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Malcolm X betrayed Elijah Muhammad.
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"Destiny can take your best friend
as an instrument to do you harm
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and your worst enemy to do you good."
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[Malcolm] It is time for you and me
to stand up for ourselves.
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It is time for you and me
to see for ourselves.
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And it is time for you and me
to fight for ourselves.
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[Dr. West] You unloved.
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That's what it is to be Black
in a white-supremacist world.
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You are unloved, uncared for, untended to,
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and viewed less beautiful,
less moral, less intelligent,
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and you are told to always be scared.
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Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali...
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no way.
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Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali
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were the two most freest of Black men
in the 20th century.
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On the other hand, you know, there's a...
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There's a cross to bear.
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There's a tremendous cost
to being a free and loving person.
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[Muhammad] ...twenty-two years old.
I must be the greatest!
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- I am the king of the world!
- [reporter] Hold it.
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- I'm pretty!
- [reporter] Not that pretty.
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[Muhammad] I'm a bad man!
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- [reporter] Wait...
- [Muhammad] I shook up the world!
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I shook up the world!
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It was unusual for a Black person
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to think of themself as quote, "pretty."
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[Muhammad] Champ of the world
should be pretty like me.
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I'm the king of the ring!
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[Dr. Boyd] Athletes were expected
to be humble.
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And then you had the Louisville Lip.
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Tenacity and dignity and, like, pride,
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and, "So what you don't like me? So what?"
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What do I act like I am to you?
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- A bad fella?
- [interviewer] I don't know.
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You're just...
Like you say, you're the greatest.
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And a lot of people,
even a lot of Black people,
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weren't comfortable with this.
They called him a loudmouth.
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I don't have to be what you want me to be.
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It was a moment of transition,
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00:05:29,912 --> 00:05:34,083
and Ali really is at the forefront
of this transition, as is Malcolm.
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I'm free to be what I wanna be
and think what I wanna think.
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[interviewer] That's right.
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[Dr. Boyd] They're changing the way
the world saw... the Black man.
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How could so few white people
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rule so many Black people?
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[crowd cheering]
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Martin Luther King,
whose school of thought I come out of,
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spoke to who we must become.
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Malcolm spoke to who we were
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and who put us there.
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These homegrown Negro American Muslims
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00:06:13,581 --> 00:06:16,042
are the most powerful
of the Black-supremacist groups.
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00:06:16,125 --> 00:06:19,712
Mike Wallace had, of course, done this
television program about the Nation
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called The Hate That Hate Produced.
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Four or five times a year,
the Muslims assemble
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in one of America's major cities
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to hear their leader Elijah Muhammad,
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founder and spiritual leader of the group.
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The Christian religion has failed you.
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[crowd clamoring and applauding]
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But of even more interest
to New Yorkers is Malcolm X,
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the Muslims' New York minister.
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The Black man by nature is divine.
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[interviewer] Now, does this mean
that the white man by nature is evil?
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By nature, he is other than divine.
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This critique of whiteness
was very powerful,
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because prior to this time,
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you had to say
something like that in private.
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You certainly couldn't call
white people devils.
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Not out loud.
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By nature, he is evil.
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[Mike Wallace] He's a remarkable man,
a man who, by his own admission,
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was once a procurer and dope peddler.
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But now he's a changed man.
He will not smoke or drink.
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His life changed for him
when the Muslim faith
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taught him no longer to be ashamed
of being a Black man.
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[Herb] You know, you have what you call
a reference point.
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Malcolm's father was a solid reference.
Of course his mother too.
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Earl, his father, and Louise, his mother,
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were followers
of the Marcus Garvey movement.
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[Dr. Garvey]
My father's organization sought
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to link Africans,
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in Africa, in the Caribbean,
in the United States.
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My father felt that
instead of Africans being servile,
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they must become self-reliant.
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[Dr. West] There is no Malcolm X
without Garvey.
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Garvey used to say,
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"The Negro... is not afraid."
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[Herb] There's no more
significant influence you could have
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for a young Black boy,
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is to be in the company
of a father who is so well-versed
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and had the... An audience in his hand,
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you know, as both a minister, a preacher,
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and a representative
of the whole Garvey movement.
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[man] Malcolm's father was
Malcolm's hero.
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But the problem was
there were white supremacists
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who wanted to silence Earl Little.
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[Dr. Smith] Malcolm's just
six years of age
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when his father is killed in 1931.
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[Ilyasah] It was horrific,
what they did to him.
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He was knocked over the head,
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dragged to the trolley track
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so that the oncoming train
would roll over him.
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[Herb] For the first five
or six years of his life,
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he had a kind of a first-hand opportunity
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to capture the majesty
of his father's voice.
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Over the years,
he would certainly return to those moments
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of the whole Garvey movement.
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Out of the organization
came people like Elijah Muhammad,
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who went on to form the Nation of Islam.
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Elijah Muhammad took what he had learned:
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the concept of having an economic base,
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00:09:48,796 --> 00:09:52,633
the discipline,
and the militaristic attire,
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and put it in the religious setting
of the Black Muslims.
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[cool jazz music playing]
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[reporter] Long�before the age of 21,
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Malcolm X ran away from school
and went to Harlem.
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And there, he ran numbers,
sold bootleg whiskey,
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00:10:12,028 --> 00:10:15,740
procured business for prostitutes,
used and pushed dope.
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In the late '40s,
Malcolm X pulled a robbery in Boston,
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was caught, and sent to prison.
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[Mike Wallace] He served time for robbery
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in the Michigan and Massachusetts
state penitentiary.
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[Dr. West] Early on,
he had a kind of inquisitiveness.
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You know, like most restless folk,
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you can end up expressing it
in a gangster-like way.
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You're trying to conquer, be in control.
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[Herb] Inside the prison walls,
he's like a caged tiger,
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absorbing information,
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cultivating his intelligence, reading.
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That's his indoctrination.
That's the beginning.
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So once he's out in 1952,
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he goes back to Michigan,
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and he really involves himself
in the Nation.
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I'm real happy and thankful to Allah
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for the energy and for the spirit
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that he has put in Minister Malcolm.
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[crowd cheering]
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[Herb] And so much so, by 1954...
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he's the national spokesperson.
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My name is Rahman Ali.
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I'm proud and happy to say
I'm the only brother of Muhammad Ali.
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He's gone to paradise. The next time
I see my brother will be in heaven,
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and we'll be in heaven together.
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As small children growing up,
he always told me,
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"I'm gonna be the most famous man
in the whole world."
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As a small child, 10, 11, 12, 13...
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He did exactly what he said he would do.
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[cool jazz music playing]
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[Bob] The pink house right there
is Muhammad Ali.
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Cassius Clay, but we called him GG.
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We all went to the same elementary school,
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junior high school,
and senior high school.
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Central High School's
the only Black school
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in the city of Louisville.
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We didn't have none of the major amenities
the white schools had.
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They didn't put a track and football field
at Central High School
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until they integrated the school.
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[Gene] Cassius Clay Sr. was
Southern Baptist,
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00:12:48,184 --> 00:12:51,645
Cassius Clay Jr. was Southern Baptist,
and they went to the church.
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00:12:51,729 --> 00:12:54,106
He told me one time
he went down to Louisville,
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he went outside a little church.
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They were singing the same hymns
that they were singing in his church.
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"What a Friend We Have in Jesus."
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00:13:02,198 --> 00:13:04,283
[choir singing]
? Jesus knows our every weakness... ?
197
00:13:04,366 --> 00:13:08,120
And out comes the minister, said,
"Hey, boy, get out of here."
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00:13:08,996 --> 00:13:10,456
He said, "Something's wrong."
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00:13:12,875 --> 00:13:15,127
"They're singing the same hymns we are."
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00:13:15,211 --> 00:13:17,963
"Now, why do I have to leave
'cause I'm Black?"
201
00:13:18,047 --> 00:13:20,090
[trumpet jazz music playing]
202
00:13:21,467 --> 00:13:23,344
[Bob] Segregation was outrageous.
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00:13:23,427 --> 00:13:25,805
You went to the bus station,
it said "Colored section."
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00:13:26,347 --> 00:13:29,308
You knew at the�department stores
you couldn't try on clothes.
205
00:13:29,391 --> 00:13:30,518
They'll take your money,
206
00:13:30,601 --> 00:13:32,728
but you gotta buy
that suit and hope it fits.
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00:13:32,812 --> 00:13:34,063
You ain't gonna put it on.
208
00:13:38,859 --> 00:13:41,695
Cassius Clay was born in 1942.
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00:13:41,779 --> 00:13:43,489
[introspective piano music playing]
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00:13:43,572 --> 00:13:47,034
[Randy] Emmett Till was born in 1941.
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00:13:48,619 --> 00:13:49,870
[reporter] Money, Mississippi,
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00:13:49,954 --> 00:13:53,082
a story that shocked
the entire United States.
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00:13:54,917 --> 00:13:57,253
[Randy] The Emmett Till story
214
00:13:58,128 --> 00:14:01,590
was a searing event
215
00:14:02,174 --> 00:14:04,552
to the man
who's going to become Muhammad Ali.
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00:14:05,511 --> 00:14:08,264
[reporter 2] Emmett Till, 14,
was kidnapped and killed
217
00:14:08,347 --> 00:14:12,852
allegedly for wolf whistling
at the wife of accused, Roy Bryant.
218
00:14:12,935 --> 00:14:16,897
Bryant and his half-brother J.W. Milam,
were acquitted by this jury.
219
00:14:23,070 --> 00:14:25,531
[Dr. Smith] He looked
at Emmett Till's mutilated face
220
00:14:25,614 --> 00:14:27,491
in the pages of Jet magazine.
221
00:14:28,075 --> 00:14:31,245
He's heard the horrific stories
from his father about the lynchings
222
00:14:31,328 --> 00:14:32,955
that continue to happen.
223
00:14:34,456 --> 00:14:37,668
My father was always
very sensitive to oppression.
224
00:14:38,586 --> 00:14:42,548
And his father taught him,
like any other Black man would do today,
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00:14:42,631 --> 00:14:43,716
how to survive.
226
00:14:44,884 --> 00:14:46,594
And my grandmother would say,
227
00:14:46,677 --> 00:14:48,846
"This really bothered your father."
228
00:14:48,929 --> 00:14:51,056
He wanted to be great,
229
00:14:51,849 --> 00:14:53,934
but this is a darkness for a child.
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00:14:56,979 --> 00:14:58,981
[blues music playing]
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00:15:11,702 --> 00:15:15,205
[Shabazz-Allah] I met Malcolm
in Temple No. 7 Restaurant.
232
00:15:15,873 --> 00:15:18,125
When Malcolm came in, boy, he... A giant.
233
00:15:18,667 --> 00:15:20,419
Malcolm, a giant.
234
00:15:21,045 --> 00:15:22,129
I shook his hand.
235
00:15:23,172 --> 00:15:26,425
The power of his hand, it felt like God.
236
00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:29,720
[Herb] I first met Malcolm in person
237
00:15:30,220 --> 00:15:32,932
in about 1959, 1960.
238
00:15:33,015 --> 00:15:36,435
He walked down the hallway
and shake everybody's hand.
239
00:15:36,518 --> 00:15:39,063
My cousin would say,
"Go ahead and ask him a question."
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00:15:39,146 --> 00:15:42,775
I'd say, "No, no, no."
I was so terrified. [chuckles]
241
00:15:44,151 --> 00:15:47,112
[Shabazz-Allah]
On Sunday, at Temple No. 7,
242
00:15:47,196 --> 00:15:48,447
Malcolm taught
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00:15:49,698 --> 00:15:54,411
two, three, four,
sometimes five hours nonstop.
244
00:15:54,912 --> 00:15:56,914
The man that kidnapped us
and brought us here.
245
00:15:56,997 --> 00:15:58,165
[crowd] Yeah.
246
00:15:58,248 --> 00:16:00,626
- Who made a slave out of us.
- [crowd] Yeah.
247
00:16:00,709 --> 00:16:03,003
- Who hung us on trees.
- [crowd] Right on.
248
00:16:03,087 --> 00:16:06,215
- I don't have to tell you which man.
- [crowd] That's right.
249
00:16:06,715 --> 00:16:10,386
[A. Peter] I had never heard anyone
talk about attacks on the mind
250
00:16:10,469 --> 00:16:12,596
with the clarity that he did.
251
00:16:13,472 --> 00:16:16,684
Movies and�school textbooks,
252
00:16:17,643 --> 00:16:20,062
the television programs,
253
00:16:20,145 --> 00:16:25,275
all of this was constant
psychological attacks.
254
00:16:25,776 --> 00:16:27,236
Even calls us "boy."
255
00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:29,613
Don't care how big you get,
he calls you "boy."
256
00:16:29,697 --> 00:16:32,908
Malcolm made you believe you couldn't die.
257
00:16:32,992 --> 00:16:36,954
And when you're a young man
and you get a teaching like that,
258
00:16:37,538 --> 00:16:38,664
that's what you need.
259
00:16:41,792 --> 00:16:45,587
[reporter] Rome welcomes
the Summer Games of the XVII Olympiad.
260
00:16:49,008 --> 00:16:53,345
[Randy] In 1960,
Cassius Clay is 18 years old.
261
00:16:53,429 --> 00:16:55,639
He's young, he's wide-eyed,
262
00:16:55,723 --> 00:16:57,683
goes to the Rome Olympics.
263
00:16:57,766 --> 00:17:00,227
[reporter] Cassius Clay the winner
for the USA.
264
00:17:00,853 --> 00:17:05,232
And even then,
he had that jaw-dropping charisma.
265
00:17:06,275 --> 00:17:09,820
He becomes virtually the mayor
of the Olympic Village.
266
00:17:09,903 --> 00:17:12,114
[jazz music plays]
267
00:17:12,197 --> 00:17:14,116
First time I really saw him up close,
268
00:17:14,199 --> 00:17:16,827
he's sitting on the steps
in the Olympic Village...
269
00:17:18,412 --> 00:17:20,372
and he's raving.�He's got the medal,
270
00:17:20,456 --> 00:17:23,176
and he's holding it up. "Look at me.
Look who I am, how pretty I..."
271
00:17:23,208 --> 00:17:25,270
"I'm gonna be the heavyweight
champion of the world."
272
00:17:25,294 --> 00:17:27,463
They don't understand
a freaking word he's saying.
273
00:17:27,546 --> 00:17:29,173
But I noticed something.
274
00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:32,176
Every time the athlete was a woman,
275
00:17:32,676 --> 00:17:35,012
they stopped and turned
and looked back at him.
276
00:17:35,679 --> 00:17:37,890
I said, "This is a guy
that's gonna have something."
277
00:17:37,973 --> 00:17:40,392
"I don't know what,
but it's gonna be something."
278
00:17:40,476 --> 00:17:42,770
Tell me how you came to get
such a Roman name as that.
279
00:17:42,853 --> 00:17:45,939
Well, as I understand,
I'm Cassius Marcellus Clay VI,
280
00:17:46,023 --> 00:17:49,026
and my great-great-grandfather
was a Kentucky slave,
281
00:17:49,109 --> 00:17:51,153
and he was named after
some great Kentuckian.
282
00:17:51,737 --> 00:17:53,197
Where he was from,
283
00:17:53,280 --> 00:17:55,616
or where it was all originated,
I couldn't tell you,
284
00:17:55,699 --> 00:17:58,035
but since I've reached
a little fame in boxing,
285
00:17:58,118 --> 00:18:00,162
most people want to know where am I from
286
00:18:00,245 --> 00:18:03,499
and where did I get that name,
but I haven't really checked on it.
287
00:18:04,083 --> 00:18:06,460
[percussion music playing]
288
00:18:09,379 --> 00:18:12,841
He could not be more proud
to represent America.
289
00:18:12,925 --> 00:18:14,301
This was his greatest honor.
290
00:18:17,096 --> 00:18:19,431
And one of the things
that he recognizes there,
291
00:18:20,766 --> 00:18:22,768
is that there's no Jim Crow signs.
292
00:18:26,897 --> 00:18:31,068
He enjoys a freedom of movement
he's never experienced before.
293
00:18:32,820 --> 00:18:34,655
This is not like Louisville, Kentucky.
294
00:18:39,201 --> 00:18:41,286
[Elijah] I represent to you,
295
00:18:42,412 --> 00:18:43,831
not a puppet.
296
00:18:44,373 --> 00:18:45,374
[man in crowd] Yes, sir.
297
00:18:45,457 --> 00:18:48,877
But I represent to you God in person.
298
00:18:48,961 --> 00:18:50,146
- In person.
- [crowd] Yes, sir!
299
00:18:50,170 --> 00:18:51,797
[crowd cheering]�That's right!
300
00:18:57,094 --> 00:19:00,097
[Shabazz-Allah] In the most holy name
of Almighty God, Allah...
301
00:19:01,682 --> 00:19:03,976
the true and living God, the only God...
302
00:19:05,811 --> 00:19:08,480
we forever thank him
for his divine Messenger,
303
00:19:08,564 --> 00:19:12,442
and only Messenger,
the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
304
00:19:13,026 --> 00:19:15,487
Why do you have any faith
in white people?
305
00:19:15,571 --> 00:19:17,698
- [crowd] That's right.
- Tell me that.
306
00:19:19,116 --> 00:19:22,744
The Messenger's program�is a discipline
307
00:19:22,828 --> 00:19:25,581
that we all need and never had.
308
00:19:26,999 --> 00:19:28,041
No alcohol,
309
00:19:28,125 --> 00:19:30,878
no drugs, no tobacco,
310
00:19:31,879 --> 00:19:33,213
no pork.
311
00:19:35,048 --> 00:19:37,885
Neat, clean, organized.
312
00:19:39,136 --> 00:19:42,097
I'm Melchisedek Supreme Shabazz-Allah,
313
00:19:42,181 --> 00:19:45,893
known as the universal high priest
of the Nation of Islam
314
00:19:45,976 --> 00:19:48,228
on Earth and in the universe.
315
00:19:49,062 --> 00:19:51,023
I'm 84 years old.
316
00:19:51,106 --> 00:19:53,400
Very peaceful man.
You understand what I'm trying to say?
317
00:19:53,483 --> 00:19:55,363
But it's nothing for me
to take your lights out.
318
00:19:57,321 --> 00:19:58,906
'Cause you're trained that way.
319
00:20:00,032 --> 00:20:03,368
Very peaceful,
very respectful, never the aggressor,
320
00:20:03,994 --> 00:20:04,994
but deadly.
321
00:20:06,705 --> 00:20:10,626
The brother who you think
is humble, meek and ins... And insecure,
322
00:20:11,210 --> 00:20:14,213
that brother is cold as ice
323
00:20:14,296 --> 00:20:16,215
when it comes to the teachings.
324
00:20:18,759 --> 00:20:20,636
You say we hate white people.
325
00:20:20,719 --> 00:20:22,054
We don't hate anybody.
326
00:20:22,596 --> 00:20:24,431
We love our own people so much,
327
00:20:24,514 --> 00:20:28,977
they think we hate the ones
who are inflicting injustice against them.
328
00:20:29,061 --> 00:20:30,061
[crowd applauds]
329
00:20:35,859 --> 00:20:38,779
[radio host] This is WHAS
in Louisville, Kentucky,
330
00:20:38,862 --> 00:20:41,198
and our guest tonight,
Louisville's Cassius Clay,
331
00:20:41,281 --> 00:20:43,617
the fourth-ranked
world heavyweight. Hello.
332
00:20:43,700 --> 00:20:48,413
[radio caller] Do you think that you are
as good a boxer as Joe Louis was?
333
00:20:48,497 --> 00:20:50,916
[Muhammad, on radio]
I'm not as good, but better.
334
00:20:50,999 --> 00:20:53,543
I'm more classier, I'm faster,
335
00:20:53,627 --> 00:20:55,254
and I talk more.
336
00:20:56,463 --> 00:20:59,132
[Randy] Who wins the gold medal
at the Rome Olympics.
337
00:20:59,925 --> 00:21:01,009
He's a hero.
338
00:21:02,970 --> 00:21:06,098
But when he gets back to Louisville,
he finds Louisville's the same.
339
00:21:07,975 --> 00:21:11,103
I just got in from Rome,
and I wanna turn professional.
340
00:21:11,186 --> 00:21:12,896
[Dr. Smith] The standard understanding
341
00:21:12,980 --> 00:21:15,941
is that Black athletes
will be deferential on civil rights.
342
00:21:16,024 --> 00:21:17,818
They will be seen and not heard.
343
00:21:17,901 --> 00:21:21,488
["We People Who Are Darker Than Blue"
by Curtis Mayfield plays]
344
00:21:23,573 --> 00:21:24,741
? We people ?
345
00:21:25,617 --> 00:21:27,744
? Who are darker than blue ?
346
00:21:29,788 --> 00:21:33,041
? Are we gonna stand around this town ?
347
00:21:33,917 --> 00:21:36,545
? And let what others say come true? ?
348
00:21:37,337 --> 00:21:39,923
[Bob] He wins the Olympics,
and he's also overseas
349
00:21:40,007 --> 00:21:41,425
where things aren't segregated.
350
00:21:41,508 --> 00:21:43,427
He comes back home thinking
being the champion
351
00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:45,137
would change things, but it didn't.
352
00:21:45,721 --> 00:21:48,432
? This ain't to time for segregatin'... ?
353
00:21:48,515 --> 00:21:50,851
[Dr. Smith] Cassius Clay goes
into a diner.
354
00:21:52,602 --> 00:21:56,398
A white man at the counter says,
"We don't serve your kind, boy."
355
00:21:57,024 --> 00:22:00,360
And there he is with his Olympic jacket
and his gold medal.
356
00:22:00,444 --> 00:22:01,486
He's humiliated.
357
00:22:02,821 --> 00:22:05,073
In that moment, he rejects America.
358
00:22:06,074 --> 00:22:07,743
He rips the medal off,
359
00:22:07,826 --> 00:22:09,619
tosses it into the river.
360
00:22:10,579 --> 00:22:12,039
? We people ?
361
00:22:12,956 --> 00:22:15,083
? Who are darker than blue... ?
362
00:22:17,377 --> 00:22:20,047
That disappointment, thinking,
"Okay, I've done this for America,
363
00:22:20,130 --> 00:22:23,008
I'm the champ, I'm everything,
but I'm still in a segregated world,"
364
00:22:24,885 --> 00:22:26,178
I think it got him.
365
00:22:26,261 --> 00:22:28,388
That woke us all up, to tell the truth.
366
00:22:29,639 --> 00:22:30,639
[music ends]
367
00:22:31,183 --> 00:22:34,186
I'm Gordon B. Davidson, attorney
for the Louisville Sponsoring Group,
368
00:22:34,269 --> 00:22:35,479
owner of Cassius Clay,
369
00:22:35,562 --> 00:22:38,482
and the hired hand to keep the group
and Cassius Clay together.
370
00:22:39,316 --> 00:22:45,280
[Randy] He's now of interest
to certain white residents of Louisville,
371
00:22:45,364 --> 00:22:47,699
who view him as a commodity.
372
00:22:47,783 --> 00:22:50,077
Okay? Something that can be marketed.
373
00:22:50,160 --> 00:22:52,329
I'm W.L. Lyons Brown,
374
00:22:52,412 --> 00:22:55,415
chairman of the board
of Brown-Forman Distillers Corporation.
375
00:22:56,333 --> 00:22:59,461
[Randy] A group
of very wealthy businessmen
376
00:23:00,212 --> 00:23:02,255
formed the Louisville Sponsoring Group
377
00:23:02,339 --> 00:23:05,258
to manage his boxing career.
378
00:23:05,342 --> 00:23:07,344
J.D. Stetson Coleman.
379
00:23:07,427 --> 00:23:09,304
I'm Worth Bingham, assistant publisher...
380
00:23:09,388 --> 00:23:11,723
[Robert] And he's controlled
381
00:23:11,807 --> 00:23:16,520
by these 11 rich Louisville guys.
382
00:23:16,603 --> 00:23:18,939
I'm one of the founders
of the group of Cassius Clay.
383
00:23:19,564 --> 00:23:23,235
[Robert] And talking to them,
you would kind of have a sense
384
00:23:23,318 --> 00:23:26,655
that they were talking about
one of their racehorses.
385
00:23:26,738 --> 00:23:29,074
"He was a really good boy."
386
00:23:37,541 --> 00:23:39,626
[Randy] Cassius goes to Miami
387
00:23:40,544 --> 00:23:42,504
to train under Angelo Dundee,
388
00:23:43,088 --> 00:23:45,674
one of the best trainers in the business.
389
00:23:50,303 --> 00:23:53,765
And then he met a man
by the name of Abdul Rahman,
390
00:23:54,349 --> 00:23:55,475
"Captain Sam."
391
00:23:57,269 --> 00:23:59,813
[Wali] My father was the captain
of the Miami mosque.
392
00:24:00,313 --> 00:24:04,067
This was the area of the mosque
at that particular time.
393
00:24:04,151 --> 00:24:07,696
He's out pushing
the Muhammad Speaks newspaper.
394
00:24:07,779 --> 00:24:11,158
He hears a guy
from across the street yell out,
395
00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:13,994
"Why are we called Negroes?"
396
00:24:14,911 --> 00:24:17,497
"Why are we deaf, dumb and blind?"
397
00:24:18,331 --> 00:24:22,043
"Why is everybody making progress,
and we're so far behind?"
398
00:24:22,586 --> 00:24:25,797
My dad said, "Hey, man,
I see you hip to the teachings."
399
00:24:26,631 --> 00:24:28,800
"Yeah, man. I'm Cassius Clay."
400
00:24:28,884 --> 00:24:31,636
Right away,
they had an automatic chemistry.
401
00:24:32,971 --> 00:24:34,890
[Randy] There's no sense
402
00:24:34,973 --> 00:24:36,933
for most of America
403
00:24:37,017 --> 00:24:39,019
that Cassius Clay has a secret.
404
00:24:39,853 --> 00:24:42,147
That he's leading a double life.
405
00:24:48,528 --> 00:24:49,613
[Dr. Smith] In 1959,
406
00:24:49,696 --> 00:24:53,742
Cassius Clay is in Chicago
for an amateur boxing exhibition.
407
00:24:54,326 --> 00:24:55,966
He had free time, he's out on the street,
408
00:24:55,994 --> 00:24:57,996
and he sees members
of the Nation of Islam.
409
00:25:01,500 --> 00:25:03,710
And one of them hands him a record.
410
00:25:04,419 --> 00:25:05,712
"A White Man's Heaven..."
411
00:25:05,795 --> 00:25:07,631
[Dr. Boyd] "...Is a Black Man's Hell"
412
00:25:07,714 --> 00:25:11,009
by Louis X,
eventually known as Louis Farrakhan,
413
00:25:11,092 --> 00:25:13,762
at one time known
as Calypso Gene the Charmer.
414
00:25:13,845 --> 00:25:17,349
[Louis Farrakhan singing]
? Before we came to America ?
415
00:25:17,432 --> 00:25:19,434
? We were living in the East ?
416
00:25:19,976 --> 00:25:23,021
? By the Nile River
We were living... ?
417
00:25:23,104 --> 00:25:25,458
[Dr. Smith] So Cassius takes this record
back to Louisville,
418
00:25:25,482 --> 00:25:28,193
and he plays it
over and over and over again.
419
00:25:28,276 --> 00:25:31,863
? So, my friend, it's easy to tell ?
420
00:25:31,947 --> 00:25:35,992
? White man heaven is Black man hell ?
421
00:25:40,497 --> 00:25:42,499
[cool jazz music playing]
422
00:25:45,293 --> 00:25:48,129
[Jerry] When he was training
at the 5th St. Gym in Miami,
423
00:25:48,672 --> 00:25:51,800
I saw some changing faces in the camp.
424
00:25:52,801 --> 00:25:57,222
Sam Saxon, Captain Sam, is with him.
425
00:25:57,305 --> 00:25:59,975
And as far as Angelo Dundee knows,
426
00:26:00,058 --> 00:26:02,811
he's a boyhood pal
who he lets hang around the gym.
427
00:26:02,894 --> 00:26:05,522
I just got through
with the Henry Cooper fight.
428
00:26:05,605 --> 00:26:07,524
[Wali] Every day, they would get together.
429
00:26:08,024 --> 00:26:13,655
He would teach Cassius Clay about Islam,
and, you know, bring the teachings to him.
430
00:26:16,533 --> 00:26:21,329
[Zaheer] The Nation of Islam began
to provide Clay
431
00:26:21,997 --> 00:26:25,834
a whole language of Black excellence
432
00:26:25,917 --> 00:26:28,587
and Black supreme achievement.
433
00:26:30,422 --> 00:26:33,925
[Randy] Captain Sam starts
to mentor Cassius Clay...
434
00:26:34,718 --> 00:26:36,428
That is what I'm teaching.
435
00:26:36,511 --> 00:26:39,848
[Randy]...in the career
of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad...
436
00:26:40,599 --> 00:26:42,434
And these Negro leaders...
437
00:26:42,517 --> 00:26:46,271
[Randy]...in the emerging supernova
of Malcolm X.
438
00:26:46,771 --> 00:26:50,275
Cassius becomes closer
to the Nation of Islam.
439
00:26:51,318 --> 00:26:53,153
He doesn't join the Nation,
440
00:26:53,778 --> 00:26:55,280
but he's interested.
441
00:26:58,450 --> 00:27:01,178
[documentary interviewer] You think
your brother could've become the greatest
442
00:27:01,202 --> 00:27:02,412
without his faith?
443
00:27:03,204 --> 00:27:04,080
No, sir.
444
00:27:04,164 --> 00:27:07,334
The faith of Islam�gave...
Gave... Gave... Gave us confidence.
445
00:27:07,959 --> 00:27:09,919
G... God... Oh, my God is decent,
446
00:27:10,003 --> 00:27:12,839
God is powerful, God is ri... Righteous.
447
00:27:12,922 --> 00:27:16,092
Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X
gave us confidence to be great.
448
00:27:20,055 --> 00:27:25,477
[Randy] In June, Cassius and his brother,
they were in their home in Louisville,
449
00:27:26,394 --> 00:27:28,355
and they got a call from Captain Sam.
450
00:27:29,397 --> 00:27:33,193
The Nation of Islam
was holding a big rally in Detroit.
451
00:27:33,693 --> 00:27:36,363
Cassius and Rudy
could not be more excited.
452
00:27:36,446 --> 00:27:38,698
They've never seen
the Messenger in person.
453
00:27:38,782 --> 00:27:41,493
Captain Sam drives
from Miami to Louisville,
454
00:27:41,576 --> 00:27:44,287
picks up the Clay brothers,
and they go to Detroit.
455
00:27:45,163 --> 00:27:49,459
But before they go into Olympia Stadium,
Sam takes them into a diner,
456
00:27:50,001 --> 00:27:54,214
and in that diner is Malcolm X.
457
00:27:57,175 --> 00:28:00,970
[Randy] There's Malcolm X,
sitting at a table
458
00:28:01,054 --> 00:28:04,265
like he would always sit at a table,
facing the door.
459
00:28:04,349 --> 00:28:07,644
You know, almost like
kind of an Old West cowboy movie.
460
00:28:09,688 --> 00:28:12,065
Around Malcolm's table are guards.
461
00:28:13,066 --> 00:28:14,567
Cassius is starstruck.
462
00:28:18,446 --> 00:28:20,490
Rarely is Cassius starstruck.
463
00:28:21,199 --> 00:28:24,369
[Ilyasah] "He acted as if
I was supposed to know who he was."
464
00:28:25,245 --> 00:28:26,955
"I had never even heard of him."
465
00:28:27,539 --> 00:28:30,291
"Ours were two entirely different worlds."
466
00:28:31,042 --> 00:28:35,088
"In fact, Elijah Muhammad
instructed us Muslims
467
00:28:35,171 --> 00:28:37,716
against all forms of sports."
468
00:28:39,008 --> 00:28:42,137
That's funny.
My father didn't know who he was,
469
00:28:42,220 --> 00:28:47,434
but he just went along with,
you know, that sense of importance.
470
00:28:48,059 --> 00:28:50,770
"If this man thinks he is famous,
471
00:28:51,354 --> 00:28:52,814
then I'm gonna go along with him."
472
00:28:52,897 --> 00:28:55,734
"Of course I know you, you're great."
[laughs]
473
00:28:58,611 --> 00:29:00,238
[Rahman] Malcolm X was a genius.
474
00:29:01,740 --> 00:29:05,160
He spoke the truth about how Black folks
were mistreated in America.
475
00:29:06,161 --> 00:29:07,746
It wasn't hate, it was truth.
476
00:29:07,829 --> 00:29:09,748
[people clamoring]
477
00:29:09,831 --> 00:29:12,959
[Dr. Smith] Rudy and Cassius,
they go into Olympia Stadium.
478
00:29:13,710 --> 00:29:15,044
And what do they see?
479
00:29:17,255 --> 00:29:19,883
They see an army of Black men.
480
00:29:19,966 --> 00:29:21,301
Proud Black men,
481
00:29:21,384 --> 00:29:24,137
dressed in black suits, bow ties,
482
00:29:24,220 --> 00:29:27,056
and there's a sense of order,
there's a sense of discipline.
483
00:29:27,140 --> 00:29:30,977
[Elijah] Before the white man,
we had great civilizations
484
00:29:31,060 --> 00:29:35,398
just as powerful than what
the white man has put on the Earth.
485
00:29:35,982 --> 00:29:40,320
And the message that Cassius
hears that day is separation or death.
486
00:29:41,237 --> 00:29:44,491
- [Elijah] Separation or death.
- [crowd applauds, cheers]
487
00:29:44,574 --> 00:29:48,369
[Elijah] We don't want no integration.
We want separation.
488
00:29:48,453 --> 00:29:50,163
[crowd cheers]
489
00:29:50,246 --> 00:29:54,209
[Elijah] We don't nothing but the freedom
490
00:29:55,001 --> 00:29:58,254
to own some of this Earth
that we can call our own.
491
00:29:58,338 --> 00:30:01,132
[audience cheers and applauds]
492
00:30:01,216 --> 00:30:04,344
This analysis of the white man
being the devil
493
00:30:04,427 --> 00:30:07,597
was really attractive to people
494
00:30:07,680 --> 00:30:11,309
who had experienced hell
at the hands of white people.
495
00:30:11,392 --> 00:30:15,688
And what good is Christianity to you and I
496
00:30:16,481 --> 00:30:23,321
if the religion will not defend us
against lynchers?
497
00:30:23,404 --> 00:30:24,404
[crowd] Right.
498
00:30:25,907 --> 00:30:28,368
They say they are followers of Jesus.
499
00:30:28,952 --> 00:30:30,703
They're followers of the devil.
500
00:30:30,787 --> 00:30:34,916
[crowd cheers and applauds]
501
00:30:39,629 --> 00:30:42,382
[Ilyasah] "Now and then,
I heard how Cassius
502
00:30:42,465 --> 00:30:46,928
showed up in Muslim mosques
and restaurants in various cities."
503
00:30:48,179 --> 00:30:52,392
"And if I happened to be speaking
anywhere within reasonable distance
504
00:30:52,475 --> 00:30:56,145
of wherever Cassius was,
he would be present."
505
00:30:59,440 --> 00:31:01,442
[car motor revving]
506
00:31:09,659 --> 00:31:11,995
[Dr. Smith] In March of 1963,
507
00:31:13,413 --> 00:31:17,125
Cassius is in New York
for the fight against Doug Jones.
508
00:31:17,208 --> 00:31:18,877
[upbeat blues music playing]
509
00:31:19,460 --> 00:31:20,587
[Dr. Smith] Who's there?
510
00:31:22,005 --> 00:31:24,674
Malcolm has taken a special interest
511
00:31:24,757 --> 00:31:26,718
in this young heavyweight.
512
00:31:26,801 --> 00:31:30,388
[boxing commentator] Clay,
winner by unanimous decision.
513
00:31:31,556 --> 00:31:35,852
[Dr. Smith] The next day,
Cassius Clay is seen out in public
514
00:31:35,935 --> 00:31:39,522
wearing the dark suit,
the white shirt, the black bow tie.
515
00:31:40,523 --> 00:31:43,109
Then he gives an interview
to the New York Post.
516
00:31:43,985 --> 00:31:47,780
He was asked about
why he didn't join civil rights marches.
517
00:31:49,282 --> 00:31:51,868
He says that,
"I don't believe in non-violence."
518
00:31:52,535 --> 00:31:55,705
And that, "I believe in an eye for an eye
and a tooth for a tooth."
519
00:31:56,581 --> 00:31:58,166
It's very clear what happened.
520
00:31:58,750 --> 00:31:59,959
He's in Harlem.
521
00:32:00,543 --> 00:32:02,253
He was spending time with Malcolm.
522
00:32:03,212 --> 00:32:07,675
Malcolm brought Muhammad Ali to the temple
and introduced Muhammad Ali to us.
523
00:32:07,759 --> 00:32:12,513
They had this kind
of student-teacher relationship.
524
00:32:14,390 --> 00:32:15,975
[Herb] Their age difference...
525
00:32:16,059 --> 00:32:19,145
22-year-old Adonis,
526
00:32:19,228 --> 00:32:21,648
and here's... Here's Malcolm coming in,
527
00:32:21,731 --> 00:32:23,650
a little bit older.
528
00:32:23,733 --> 00:32:25,610
An understanding of the world
529
00:32:25,693 --> 00:32:28,613
that's gonna be important to...
To Muhammad Ali.
530
00:32:28,696 --> 00:32:31,115
You can't be around Malcolm and not learn.
531
00:32:31,699 --> 00:32:33,368
Malcolm shared the wisdom.
532
00:32:33,451 --> 00:32:35,912
- [protesters shouting]
- [policeman shouting]
533
00:32:35,995 --> 00:32:37,622
- [women screaming]
- [dog barking]
534
00:32:38,456 --> 00:32:41,334
[Malcolm] If the government
can't defend us, what should we do?
535
00:32:41,834 --> 00:32:43,544
Go find out who bombed the church
536
00:32:43,628 --> 00:32:45,630
in Birmingham, Alabama.
537
00:32:47,757 --> 00:32:51,427
If they can't find out,
then let us go find out.
538
00:32:51,511 --> 00:32:52,428
And when we find...
539
00:32:52,512 --> 00:32:54,806
- [crowd applauds]
- I don't wanna hear that.
540
00:32:54,889 --> 00:32:57,350
And when we find out who it was
541
00:32:57,433 --> 00:33:00,603
who murdered our little female babies,
542
00:33:00,687 --> 00:33:02,271
then the law of justice
543
00:33:02,355 --> 00:33:05,191
is that a murderer should be murdered.
544
00:33:05,274 --> 00:33:07,276
When Cassius Clay meets Malcolm X,
545
00:33:08,111 --> 00:33:12,156
he has no idea Malcolm is moving
in a new political direction.
546
00:33:12,824 --> 00:33:15,952
Malcolm believes
the Nation of Islam has the potential
547
00:33:16,035 --> 00:33:19,580
to make a much bigger difference
if it joins the front lines.
548
00:33:19,664 --> 00:33:22,375
Don't you be fooled
by these Uncle Tom Negro preachers.
549
00:33:22,458 --> 00:33:25,420
When a dog attacks you, you get that dog,
550
00:33:25,503 --> 00:33:27,672
two-legged dog or four-legged dog.
551
00:33:28,172 --> 00:33:30,299
He did not advocate violence,
552
00:33:30,383 --> 00:33:32,427
he advocated self-defense.
553
00:33:34,178 --> 00:33:36,699
[Dr. Boyd] We're not trying
to start anything. Don't�start no shit,
554
00:33:36,723 --> 00:33:38,141
won't be none started.
555
00:33:38,808 --> 00:33:42,270
But if you come for us,
be prepared to fight,
556
00:33:42,353 --> 00:33:46,482
because we're not embracing
this Martin Luther King philosophy.
557
00:33:48,234 --> 00:33:50,778
[Dr. Smith] But Elijah has told him
to stand down.
558
00:33:53,281 --> 00:33:56,617
In a number of Elijah's letters
to Malcolm, he reminds him,
559
00:33:57,535 --> 00:34:01,080
"Do not say anything
that you have not heard me say."
560
00:34:02,915 --> 00:34:04,751
Elijah said,
561
00:34:04,834 --> 00:34:08,504
"The judgment of white America
will come at the hands of God."
562
00:34:09,797 --> 00:34:13,676
For Malcolm, this did not align
563
00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:17,388
with his desire to see justice
more immediately.
564
00:34:17,472 --> 00:34:21,100
[Malcolm] As long as this so-called
civil rights struggle is led...
565
00:34:21,184 --> 00:34:23,519
And when I say "led,"
I use "led" in quotes.
566
00:34:23,603 --> 00:34:27,607
Actually contained
by Uncle Tom Negro leaders,
567
00:34:27,690 --> 00:34:29,776
then the white power structure
isn't worried at all.
568
00:34:29,859 --> 00:34:32,296
They only worry when they know
that the masses of Black people
569
00:34:32,320 --> 00:34:33,488
are ready to explode.
570
00:34:33,571 --> 00:34:34,489
And in exploding,
571
00:34:34,572 --> 00:34:37,075
it will destroy some of the furniture
in their house.
572
00:34:37,658 --> 00:34:39,786
[Maryum] My father loved his fearlessness.
573
00:34:40,369 --> 00:34:43,623
And he did pattern
a lot of his presentation
574
00:34:43,706 --> 00:34:45,666
based on how Malcolm presented himself.
575
00:34:48,086 --> 00:34:54,717
You start to see
some of the early developing tension
576
00:34:55,843 --> 00:34:58,888
between the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
and Malcolm X.
577
00:34:59,388 --> 00:35:02,892
Elijah Muhammad was not charismatic
578
00:35:02,975 --> 00:35:05,103
in the way that Malcolm was charismatic.
579
00:35:05,186 --> 00:35:06,479
Because you don't like the idea
580
00:35:06,562 --> 00:35:08,940
of white people
shooting Black people down, do you?
581
00:35:09,023 --> 00:35:09,857
[crowd cheers] No!
582
00:35:09,941 --> 00:35:12,068
And you're ready
to do something about it, aren't you?
583
00:35:12,151 --> 00:35:13,820
- [crowd cheers]
- We know you are.
584
00:35:13,903 --> 00:35:17,573
[Zaheer] The rank and file
of the Nation of Islam loved Malcolm.
585
00:35:17,657 --> 00:35:19,325
For many people,
586
00:35:19,408 --> 00:35:23,913
he was their most direct
experience and encounter
587
00:35:23,996 --> 00:35:25,832
with the teachings of Elijah Muhammad.
588
00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:30,795
[Dr. Boyd] Once Malcolm began
to pursue things like an intellectual,
589
00:35:31,546 --> 00:35:33,756
I think he reached a point
where his interest
590
00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:36,926
and the interest of the Nation diverged.
591
00:35:38,719 --> 00:35:42,098
And, of course,
this leads to more tension, more conflict.
592
00:35:45,852 --> 00:35:47,061
[Ilyasah] "I liked him."
593
00:35:47,562 --> 00:35:50,439
"Some contagious quality about him
594
00:35:50,523 --> 00:35:54,318
made him one of the very few people
I ever invited to my home."
595
00:35:57,572 --> 00:35:58,781
[Randy] They would talk.
596
00:35:58,865 --> 00:36:00,867
They probably talked on the phone,
597
00:36:00,950 --> 00:36:02,952
but it's all secretive.
598
00:36:03,452 --> 00:36:05,705
But the Louisville Sponsoring Group
599
00:36:05,788 --> 00:36:07,915
were starting to pick up
what was going on.
600
00:36:07,999 --> 00:36:10,501
They began to realize
601
00:36:10,585 --> 00:36:14,088
that Cassius
was affiliated with the Muslims.
602
00:36:14,172 --> 00:36:16,549
They began to step back.
603
00:36:17,842 --> 00:36:20,178
And suddenly, in Cassius Clay's rhetoric,
604
00:36:20,261 --> 00:36:24,015
we start to hear the echo of Malcolm X.
605
00:36:24,098 --> 00:36:26,100
[jazz music playing]
606
00:36:27,476 --> 00:36:30,646
[Dr. Smith] July, 1963, Chicago.
607
00:36:31,230 --> 00:36:34,025
Bruce Hills,
a reporter for the Chicago Sun-Times,
608
00:36:34,108 --> 00:36:36,694
is camped outside
of the University of Islam,
609
00:36:36,777 --> 00:36:38,905
which is the Nation of Islam's school.
610
00:36:39,822 --> 00:36:43,618
Somehow, he learns
that there's a tomato-red Cadillac
611
00:36:43,701 --> 00:36:45,953
parked behind the University of Islam.
612
00:36:47,038 --> 00:36:50,541
Cassius and Rudy
and a few others come out.
613
00:36:51,292 --> 00:36:54,420
[Dr. Smith] Bruce Hills gets excited.
His eyes light up,
614
00:36:55,213 --> 00:36:57,465
and he starts following Cassius' car.
615
00:36:58,758 --> 00:37:01,302
Bruce gets Cassius
to roll down the window.
616
00:37:02,720 --> 00:37:06,307
[Randy] And he sees Cassius
has a star and crescent pin on.
617
00:37:06,390 --> 00:37:08,809
"What's going on?
Are you a member of the Nation of Islam?"
618
00:37:09,644 --> 00:37:11,604
[Dr. Smith] And at first,
Cassius Clay says, "No."
619
00:37:11,646 --> 00:37:14,232
- And then he says...
- [Randy] "Well, so what if I am?"
620
00:37:15,441 --> 00:37:17,109
"It's a great organization."
621
00:37:17,985 --> 00:37:23,324
And it continues until Rudy turns
onto the freeway out of Chicago.
622
00:37:26,410 --> 00:37:28,996
[Dr. Smith] Now,
the story published by Bruce Hills,
623
00:37:29,080 --> 00:37:32,708
it doesn't quite
gain momentum yet in the press.
624
00:37:34,001 --> 00:37:38,673
But it's obvious that he has
a relationship with the Nation of Islam.
625
00:37:39,757 --> 00:37:45,554
The fact that Cassius Clay
was somehow connected to this group
626
00:37:45,638 --> 00:37:47,390
made a lot of white people nervous.
627
00:37:48,182 --> 00:37:51,519
[reporter] And the FBI says the movement
is a potential threat
628
00:37:51,602 --> 00:37:54,438
to the internal security
of the United States.
629
00:37:57,024 --> 00:37:59,902
[Dr. Smith] J. Edgar Hoover
was the director of the FBI,
630
00:37:59,986 --> 00:38:02,530
working for the Kennedy administration.
631
00:38:04,240 --> 00:38:09,161
Hoover and the FBI carried out
a counterintelligence program
632
00:38:09,245 --> 00:38:12,957
designed to cut the legs out
from Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X.
633
00:38:15,751 --> 00:38:17,878
[Zaheer] Not just passive surveillance,
634
00:38:17,962 --> 00:38:20,423
but active infiltration
635
00:38:20,923 --> 00:38:24,093
designed to undermine the impact
636
00:38:24,176 --> 00:38:26,053
that the Nation of Islam was having,
637
00:38:26,137 --> 00:38:28,973
to neutralize the impact
that Malcolm was having.
638
00:38:29,849 --> 00:38:32,226
[Elijah] Every day now, they are planning
639
00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:34,937
how to stop Elijah and his followers.
640
00:38:35,021 --> 00:38:37,815
- [crowd exclaims]
- But I say, I think you a little late.
641
00:38:37,898 --> 00:38:39,900
[crowd cheers and applauds]
642
00:38:42,987 --> 00:38:45,627
[President Kennedy] We are confronted
primarily with a moral issue.
643
00:38:46,324 --> 00:38:48,242
It is as old as the Scriptures
644
00:38:48,326 --> 00:38:51,162
and is as clear
as the American Constitution.
645
00:38:51,871 --> 00:38:53,539
The heart of the question is,
646
00:38:54,040 --> 00:38:57,168
whether all Americans
are to be afforded equal rights
647
00:38:57,668 --> 00:38:59,086
and equal opportunities.
648
00:39:00,046 --> 00:39:02,548
Whether we are going to treat
our fellow Americans
649
00:39:02,631 --> 00:39:03,883
as we want to be treated.
650
00:39:04,842 --> 00:39:06,844
[somber music playing]
651
00:39:09,680 --> 00:39:13,100
[reporter 1] From Dallas, Texas,
the flash, apparently official,
652
00:39:13,184 --> 00:39:18,564
President Kennedy died
at 1 p.m. Central Standard Time.
653
00:39:28,324 --> 00:39:31,702
[reporter 2] Down this avenue of sadness,
they bring President John F. Kennedy,
654
00:39:31,786 --> 00:39:32,912
martyred hero,
655
00:39:32,995 --> 00:39:35,748
to lie in state
under the great dome of the Capitol.
656
00:39:36,916 --> 00:39:39,085
[John] When Kennedy died,
657
00:39:39,168 --> 00:39:43,964
Elijah Muhammad instructed all the temples
658
00:39:45,424 --> 00:39:50,888
to leave it to him to express
the feelings�of the Nation
659
00:39:50,971 --> 00:39:52,681
about the death of the president.
660
00:39:53,265 --> 00:39:55,452
[reporter 3] Elijah Muhammad,
from his home in Phoenix,
661
00:39:55,476 --> 00:39:56,560
telephoned the newspaper
662
00:39:56,644 --> 00:39:59,355
ordering that a statement
be placed on page one.
663
00:39:59,438 --> 00:40:00,731
The statement reads,
664
00:40:00,815 --> 00:40:05,694
"We with the world are very shocked
at the assassination of our President."
665
00:40:07,029 --> 00:40:09,365
[Shabazz-Allah] I have to respect
what the Messenger said.
666
00:40:09,448 --> 00:40:10,866
No statement should be made.
667
00:40:12,118 --> 00:40:13,369
I... I got that.
668
00:40:14,078 --> 00:40:16,914
For me, if you teaching
the white man is the devil...
669
00:40:16,997 --> 00:40:17,873
[chuckles]
670
00:40:17,957 --> 00:40:19,291
...who the hell is Kennedy?
671
00:40:19,875 --> 00:40:22,253
Far as I'm concerned,
he didn't do a damn thing for me.
672
00:40:22,336 --> 00:40:25,005
[chuckling] I mean, I still got...
673
00:40:25,089 --> 00:40:27,967
I still got to provide for myself.
He ain't put no money in my pocket.
674
00:40:28,551 --> 00:40:31,387
But I have to go with my father,
the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
675
00:40:31,470 --> 00:40:33,931
He did make it plain,
don't make no statements.
676
00:40:35,599 --> 00:40:40,187
[John] In spite of
the Messenger's instructions,
677
00:40:40,896 --> 00:40:42,231
Malcolm spoke.
678
00:40:44,525 --> 00:40:47,236
Malcolm X, second in command
of the Black Muslim movement,
679
00:40:47,319 --> 00:40:50,030
expressed joy at the assassination
of President Kennedy
680
00:40:50,114 --> 00:40:51,949
at a Manhattan rally last Sunday.
681
00:40:52,032 --> 00:40:53,832
Malcolm said that
the killing of the President
682
00:40:53,909 --> 00:40:56,620
was an instance
of "the chickens coming home to roost."
683
00:40:56,704 --> 00:40:58,080
He added, and we quote,
684
00:40:58,164 --> 00:41:00,082
"Being an old farm boy myself,
685
00:41:00,166 --> 00:41:02,710
chickens coming home to roost
never make me sad,
686
00:41:02,793 --> 00:41:04,670
they always make me glad."
687
00:41:04,753 --> 00:41:06,464
In Chicago today, Elijah Muhammad,
688
00:41:06,547 --> 00:41:08,549
the leader of the anti-white
Muslim movement,
689
00:41:08,632 --> 00:41:12,011
suspended Malcolm X
and disavowed his statement.
690
00:41:12,511 --> 00:41:16,765
It gave Elijah Muhammad
a socially acceptable excuse
691
00:41:17,475 --> 00:41:19,852
for silencing Malcolm.
692
00:41:23,063 --> 00:41:24,773
[Dr. Smith] He's not allowed to preach,
693
00:41:24,857 --> 00:41:28,027
he's not allowed to appear
at his mosque in Harlem.
694
00:41:28,110 --> 00:41:30,488
And in fact, the members of that mosque
695
00:41:30,571 --> 00:41:32,371
are not allowed
to be associated with Malcolm.
696
00:41:36,327 --> 00:41:38,746
[Peter] This was a big breach in his life.
697
00:41:40,581 --> 00:41:45,211
He regarded Elijah Muhammad
as his personal savior.
698
00:41:45,794 --> 00:41:47,755
The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
699
00:41:48,297 --> 00:41:49,757
[crowd cheering]
700
00:41:49,840 --> 00:41:55,179
[Peter] His feelings
were unquestionably deep, devout.
701
00:41:55,262 --> 00:41:59,016
[Malcolm] I want to apologize to you
for having let you down,
702
00:41:59,600 --> 00:42:02,811
for the mistakes that I've made,
especially during the past year.
703
00:42:04,772 --> 00:42:07,024
And above all else, I am praying to Allah
704
00:42:07,107 --> 00:42:09,735
for mercy and forgiveness in your heart.
705
00:42:11,612 --> 00:42:17,159
He is torn here between this idea
that Elijah Muhammad is like his father,
706
00:42:17,243 --> 00:42:21,413
and the fact that his father
has got his hand around Malcolm's throat.
707
00:42:24,208 --> 00:42:27,878
This growing rift
was going to be a big problem
708
00:42:27,962 --> 00:42:30,256
for, among other people, Muhammad Ali.
709
00:42:33,634 --> 00:42:35,553
[Muhammad] If Sonny Liston whups me,
710
00:42:36,470 --> 00:42:38,889
I'll kiss his feet in the rain,
711
00:42:39,890 --> 00:42:43,686
tell him he's the greatest,
and catch the next jet out of the country!
712
00:42:43,769 --> 00:42:46,021
That's what I think about Sonny Liston!
713
00:42:46,105 --> 00:42:51,068
[Dr. Boyd] You have,
in Liston and Ali, a thug on one side
714
00:42:51,569 --> 00:42:53,112
and a loudmouth on the other side.
715
00:42:53,195 --> 00:42:55,364
You can look at me,
I'm loaded with confidence!
716
00:42:55,447 --> 00:42:56,448
I can't be beat!
717
00:42:56,532 --> 00:42:59,201
I had 180 amateur fights,
22 professional fights,
718
00:42:59,285 --> 00:43:00,578
and I'm pretty as a girl!
719
00:43:00,661 --> 00:43:01,912
[crowd laughs]
720
00:43:03,247 --> 00:43:05,291
People were scared to death of Liston.
721
00:43:07,293 --> 00:43:11,255
Sonny Liston was a boxer
who came out of the penitentiary,
722
00:43:12,631 --> 00:43:16,802
who worked for organized crime
as a leg-breaker.
723
00:43:17,970 --> 00:43:21,140
You owed some money,
you'd get a visit from Sonny.
724
00:43:21,890 --> 00:43:23,892
He'll fall in eight
to prove that I'm great.
725
00:43:23,976 --> 00:43:26,854
And if he keeps talking jive,
I'm gonna cut it to five.
726
00:43:28,314 --> 00:43:31,150
[Zaheer] Cassius, because of
what he was focused on,
727
00:43:31,233 --> 00:43:33,277
training for that major fight,
728
00:43:33,360 --> 00:43:37,364
I don't think he was attuned
to all of the internal dynamics
729
00:43:37,448 --> 00:43:38,741
in the Nation of Islam.
730
00:43:41,577 --> 00:43:45,706
[Dr. Smith] On January 15th, 1964,
Malcolm, he's gonna head south.
731
00:43:45,789 --> 00:43:49,418
He's going to Miami with his family
to visit Cassius Clay.
732
00:43:50,628 --> 00:43:52,838
So, in advance of the trip,
he calls Cassius,
733
00:43:52,921 --> 00:43:54,131
and Cassius responds, "Great."
734
00:43:54,214 --> 00:43:56,508
He's enthusiastic,
he's excited to see him.
735
00:43:56,592 --> 00:43:59,428
We know this call took place
between Malcolm and Cassius,
736
00:43:59,511 --> 00:44:01,263
because a New York FBI agent
737
00:44:01,347 --> 00:44:04,516
immediately called
the field office in Miami
738
00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:06,310
and provided a directive.
739
00:44:06,393 --> 00:44:09,104
"Malcolm is arriving
on this specific flight."
740
00:44:09,688 --> 00:44:12,024
"Cassius Clay is going to be there."
741
00:44:12,107 --> 00:44:14,652
"Make sure you tail their car."
742
00:44:18,530 --> 00:44:20,824
[Ilyasah] Miami was the only place
743
00:44:20,908 --> 00:44:24,244
where we had gone
as a family together on vacation
744
00:44:24,912 --> 00:44:27,581
and to be in someone else's home.
745
00:44:31,210 --> 00:44:33,712
That family photo of my mother
746
00:44:33,796 --> 00:44:37,383
and my two elder sisters,
Attallah and Qubilah,
747
00:44:37,966 --> 00:44:39,968
and I'm sitting on Muhammad Ali's lap.
748
00:44:42,304 --> 00:44:46,433
For my father to take his wife
and his babies
749
00:44:47,184 --> 00:44:48,352
and go to his home,
750
00:44:49,436 --> 00:44:52,815
it meant that my father trusted him 100%.
751
00:44:54,358 --> 00:44:57,820
My dad considered him to be a friend.
He considered him to be family, really.
752
00:44:57,903 --> 00:45:02,449
And Malcolm was one of those few people
that he met that he could trust.
753
00:45:05,911 --> 00:45:08,414
[Zaheer] Malcolm was in need of allies.
754
00:45:08,497 --> 00:45:11,291
He'd become isolated in the movement.
755
00:45:12,334 --> 00:45:14,628
Cassius could be the big fish.
756
00:45:14,712 --> 00:45:18,507
I think that is very possibly
part of Malcolm's calculation.
757
00:45:19,633 --> 00:45:23,512
[Herb] You can't dismiss the possibility
that he had those particular motives,
758
00:45:23,595 --> 00:45:25,639
that it could be self-serving.
759
00:45:25,723 --> 00:45:28,642
Somebody can...
You know, I can use and utilize,
760
00:45:28,726 --> 00:45:31,353
because of his growing influentiality,
761
00:45:31,437 --> 00:45:32,938
that he could help me too.
762
00:45:36,024 --> 00:45:40,070
[Dr. Smith] Malcolm sends these pictures
to two Black newspapers.
763
00:45:41,572 --> 00:45:44,199
Malcolm wants to remind Elijah Muhammad
764
00:45:44,700 --> 00:45:46,577
that Cassius Clay has the ability
765
00:45:46,660 --> 00:45:50,205
to bring more members into the movement,
and they're as close as brothers.
766
00:45:52,249 --> 00:45:55,377
[Randy] Malcolm says to Elijah Muhammad,
"What would it be like
767
00:45:55,461 --> 00:45:57,546
if for Savior's Day celebration..."
768
00:45:57,629 --> 00:46:01,717
which was the day after the fight,
"...if I show up with Cassius Clay?"
769
00:46:03,886 --> 00:46:06,513
[Maryum] "I wanna come back,
Honorable Messenger,
770
00:46:07,014 --> 00:46:10,851
and I have someone
who can help our cause."
771
00:46:15,689 --> 00:46:18,025
[Jerry] About a week before the fight,
772
00:46:18,108 --> 00:46:20,611
Malcolm X shows up.
773
00:46:21,612 --> 00:46:24,448
Malcolm goes to a couple of workouts
in the camp.
774
00:46:25,115 --> 00:46:28,786
He had been asked to leave
775
00:46:29,870 --> 00:46:31,747
and go home.
776
00:46:31,830 --> 00:46:34,500
That he could come back for the fight.
777
00:46:35,209 --> 00:46:38,337
The real emphasis at that point
778
00:46:38,420 --> 00:46:42,132
was whether or not Cassius Clay
779
00:46:42,216 --> 00:46:46,094
was a member of the Nation of Islam.
780
00:46:47,012 --> 00:46:50,098
They didn't want some Muslim
being the heavyweight champion,
781
00:46:50,182 --> 00:46:52,059
so they basically threatened him.
782
00:46:52,601 --> 00:46:56,146
Cassius was about to pack up the bus
to leave town,
783
00:46:56,230 --> 00:46:58,148
since they said
they were canceling the fight,
784
00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:01,777
but the promoters find out he was leaving,
they came back and said,
785
00:47:01,860 --> 00:47:04,420
"You just don't tell nobody you're Muslim.
We won't say nothing."
786
00:47:10,244 --> 00:47:12,913
[Randy] February 25th, 1964.
787
00:47:14,957 --> 00:47:16,959
Heavyweight championship of the world.
788
00:47:17,042 --> 00:47:19,753
Malcolm has come back to Miami.
789
00:47:19,837 --> 00:47:21,088
[easy-listening music playing]
790
00:47:21,171 --> 00:47:24,341
[promoter] Miami, Florida,
where the Torch of Friendship
791
00:47:24,424 --> 00:47:28,804
signifies a welcome to good people
of all races and creeds.
792
00:47:29,888 --> 00:47:31,849
[Dr. Smith] Remember,
Miami is a segregated city,
793
00:47:31,932 --> 00:47:35,477
and he has to stay at a hotel
that is only for Black people.
794
00:47:37,020 --> 00:47:40,250
[promoter] From the moment you drive up
to the main entrance�of the Hampton House,
795
00:47:40,274 --> 00:47:42,025
your welcome is assured.
796
00:47:42,109 --> 00:47:43,527
A home away from home
797
00:47:43,610 --> 00:47:46,989
to thousands of visitors
from states of the United States
798
00:47:47,072 --> 00:47:48,407
and many foreign lands,
799
00:47:48,490 --> 00:47:51,076
who seek the fabulous Florida sunshine.
800
00:47:56,832 --> 00:48:00,002
If you like to lose your money,
then be a fool and bet on Sonny.
801
00:48:00,085 --> 00:48:02,713
But if you wanna have a good day,
then put it on Clay.
802
00:48:04,673 --> 00:48:08,051
[Robert] I always thought Sonny Liston
803
00:48:08,552 --> 00:48:12,472
was really afraid of only one thing,
and that was a crazy man.
804
00:48:15,017 --> 00:48:18,353
He'd come out of the system,
and he'd spent time in jail
805
00:48:18,854 --> 00:48:21,273
where he had seen people go nuts.
806
00:48:22,024 --> 00:48:24,776
Cassius used that,
807
00:48:25,360 --> 00:48:28,196
harassing him, making fun of him.
808
00:48:29,615 --> 00:48:32,534
At the weigh-in, he went nuts,
809
00:48:32,618 --> 00:48:35,120
tried to get at Sonny Liston.
810
00:48:36,288 --> 00:48:39,124
A crazy man who had nothing to lose
811
00:48:39,207 --> 00:48:41,043
could really hurt you.
812
00:48:43,211 --> 00:48:45,088
[reporter] We're almost all set to go
813
00:48:45,172 --> 00:48:47,758
for that world heavyweight
championship fight.
814
00:48:47,841 --> 00:48:49,801
The puncher, champion Sonny Liston,
815
00:48:49,885 --> 00:48:52,012
the boxer, challenger Cassius Clay.
816
00:48:52,554 --> 00:48:57,142
[Randy] Just before the fight,
Cassius is nervous.
817
00:48:57,225 --> 00:48:58,352
[funky music plays]
818
00:48:58,435 --> 00:48:59,853
This is a big fight.�He's...
819
00:48:59,937 --> 00:49:02,606
He's going to fight Sonny Liston,
who is a bad man.
820
00:49:04,107 --> 00:49:06,526
Suddenly, Malcolm X shows up
in the locker room.
821
00:49:06,610 --> 00:49:08,610
[Rahman] They made prayer.
He talked to my brother,
822
00:49:08,654 --> 00:49:12,491
gave my brother some instructions,
and my brother came out�very confident.
823
00:49:13,533 --> 00:49:16,328
[Zaheer] Malcolm encouraged him to believe
824
00:49:16,411 --> 00:49:20,624
that he had to bring with him
into that ring
825
00:49:20,707 --> 00:49:23,961
the power of God, if not God himself.
826
00:49:24,044 --> 00:49:25,754
[announcer] We're set
for an exciting night
827
00:49:25,837 --> 00:49:28,131
here in�Convention Hall, Miami Beach.
828
00:49:28,215 --> 00:49:30,842
[Ilyasah] You know,
with the support of your brother,
829
00:49:30,926 --> 00:49:33,804
who believes just as deeply as you do,
830
00:49:33,887 --> 00:49:35,681
you can pray to God
831
00:49:36,264 --> 00:49:39,851
to give you the will to do what you must.
832
00:49:40,352 --> 00:49:42,688
[announcer] Now the questions
will be answered.
833
00:49:42,771 --> 00:49:45,983
If it goes past the first round,
there will be surprises already.
834
00:49:46,817 --> 00:49:50,946
[Randy] Malcolm got a seat
sitting in row seven, seat seven.
835
00:49:51,446 --> 00:49:53,573
This is prophecy coming to truth.
836
00:49:53,657 --> 00:49:55,510
- [bell sounds]
- [announcer] And here they come.
837
00:49:55,534 --> 00:49:58,662
Clay just laughs at him,
backs away, bobbing, weaving.
838
00:49:59,162 --> 00:50:00,914
Clay with a left and a right at play!
839
00:50:00,998 --> 00:50:03,500
Liston's caught!
Liston's bleeding under both eyes!
840
00:50:03,583 --> 00:50:05,752
[Howard Cosell] The bell sounds
for the fifth round,
841
00:50:05,836 --> 00:50:07,396
and he is having trouble with his eyes.
842
00:50:07,421 --> 00:50:09,774
[announcer] His trainer yelled,
"There's something in Liston's gloves."
843
00:50:09,798 --> 00:50:11,550
Clay is blinking, said he can't see.
844
00:50:13,510 --> 00:50:15,350
Here is Liston crouching,
hitting the low body.
845
00:50:15,387 --> 00:50:17,639
And Clay keeps blinking
like he doesn't see Liston,
846
00:50:17,723 --> 00:50:18,890
and that will be fatal.
847
00:50:19,725 --> 00:50:22,394
His great body and head movements
kept him from Liston's punches.
848
00:50:22,477 --> 00:50:24,271
[crowd cheering]
849
00:50:24,354 --> 00:50:26,674
[announcer] Round five saw Cassius
come back on the attack.
850
00:50:26,732 --> 00:50:27,941
All through this fight,
851
00:50:28,025 --> 00:50:31,236
Cassius has ripped that left hand
into Sonny Liston's face.
852
00:50:31,737 --> 00:50:35,449
And here in the sixth round,
Clay has taken control of the fight.
853
00:50:39,202 --> 00:50:42,080
Round six ends.
Liston moves very wearily to his corner.
854
00:50:42,664 --> 00:50:45,167
[Howard Cosell] As we come up
to round seven...
855
00:50:45,250 --> 00:50:46,418
Wait a minute!
856
00:50:47,169 --> 00:50:49,546
Sonny Liston's not coming out!
857
00:50:49,629 --> 00:50:52,424
The winner and the new
heavyweight champion of the world
858
00:50:52,507 --> 00:50:53,967
is Cassius Clay!
859
00:50:54,051 --> 00:50:56,970
Every time I watch it,
I still get goosebumps.
860
00:50:57,763 --> 00:50:59,806
[Howard Cosell]
Pandemonium has broken loose.
861
00:50:59,890 --> 00:51:02,350
When he goes around the ring,
and he points everybody out,
862
00:51:02,434 --> 00:51:04,519
"I told you, I told you."
863
00:51:05,437 --> 00:51:08,273
"I told you I was the greatest.
I proved it."
864
00:51:08,857 --> 00:51:12,277
That moment, it'll stick with you
the rest of your life.
865
00:51:12,861 --> 00:51:14,196
I shook up the world!
866
00:51:14,279 --> 00:51:15,280
"I shook up the world."
867
00:51:15,363 --> 00:51:16,531
"I shook up the world."
868
00:51:16,615 --> 00:51:17,949
I shook up the world!
869
00:51:20,744 --> 00:51:23,663
He said he was the greatest,
uh, all of the odds were against him.
870
00:51:23,747 --> 00:51:25,332
He upset the�oddsmakers.
871
00:51:25,415 --> 00:51:27,959
He won. He became victorious.
He became the champ.
872
00:51:28,043 --> 00:51:31,546
And the, uh, people who, uh...
Who understand psychology
873
00:51:31,630 --> 00:51:35,383
and the... The effect that, uh...
The psychological effect
874
00:51:35,467 --> 00:51:39,387
that the image of one's hero
has upon the person himself...
875
00:51:40,597 --> 00:51:44,267
they knew that as soon as, uh...
If people begin to identify with Cassius,
876
00:51:44,351 --> 00:51:46,144
and the ki...
Type of image he was creating,
877
00:51:46,228 --> 00:51:47,988
they would have trouble
out of these�Negroes.
878
00:51:48,021 --> 00:51:51,108
Because they'd have Negroes
walking around saying, "I'm the greatest."
879
00:51:51,191 --> 00:51:53,568
Cassius say, "I am something righteous."
880
00:51:53,652 --> 00:51:56,655
Cassius Clay, the greatest!
881
00:51:56,738 --> 00:51:59,866
- Who's the prettiest fighter in history?
- Cassius Clay!
882
00:51:59,950 --> 00:52:01,660
- He is the greatest!
- All right.
883
00:52:01,743 --> 00:52:03,870
Fly like a butterfly, stings like a bee!
884
00:52:03,954 --> 00:52:07,332
They leave the convention center,
a small group of people.
885
00:52:07,833 --> 00:52:10,919
Rudy, Cassius, Malcolm X,
886
00:52:11,002 --> 00:52:13,880
Jim Brown,
the great football player at the time,
887
00:52:14,548 --> 00:52:17,134
Sam Cooke,
the unbelievable recording artist,
888
00:52:17,217 --> 00:52:18,969
who's a good friend of Cassius.
889
00:52:19,052 --> 00:52:21,596
And they come here...
890
00:52:21,680 --> 00:52:23,723
? I'm your mama, I'm your daddy ?
891
00:52:23,807 --> 00:52:25,433
? I'm that nigga in the alley... ?
892
00:52:25,517 --> 00:52:26,852
[Randy]...to the Hampton House.
893
00:52:28,019 --> 00:52:32,941
Cassius and Rudy sit back here
on these very stools.
894
00:52:33,525 --> 00:52:35,068
? I'm your pusherman ?
895
00:52:35,152 --> 00:52:38,905
[Dr. Smith] Cassius Clay the champion,
eating a bowl of ice cream.
896
00:52:38,989 --> 00:52:41,616
That was his idea of a big celebration,
was a bowl of ice cream.
897
00:52:45,579 --> 00:52:47,622
[stammers] One of the happiest times
of my life.
898
00:52:47,706 --> 00:52:49,416
Everybody was celebrating victory.
899
00:52:51,001 --> 00:52:51,877
[shutter clicks]
900
00:52:51,960 --> 00:52:55,797
[Dr. Smith] Now, it's in this moment that
they all say, "Well, we believed in you,"
901
00:52:55,881 --> 00:52:57,966
but it was Malcolm who believed in him.
902
00:52:58,842 --> 00:52:59,718
[shutter clicks]
903
00:52:59,801 --> 00:53:01,678
[Dr. Smith] And that means something.
904
00:53:02,220 --> 00:53:05,182
It's with gratitude
that he celebrates with Malcolm.
905
00:53:08,059 --> 00:53:09,102
It's getting late,
906
00:53:09,853 --> 00:53:15,317
and the story goes that Malcolm,
Cassius Clay, Rudy, Jim Brown,
907
00:53:15,400 --> 00:53:16,735
maybe a few others...
908
00:53:17,485 --> 00:53:19,779
[Randy] They go to Malcolm X's room.
909
00:53:19,863 --> 00:53:21,406
It's time to talk serious now.
910
00:53:22,032 --> 00:53:23,825
Now Malcolm X is saying, "You know,
911
00:53:24,659 --> 00:53:27,287
this Louisville Lip,
it's time to end that."
912
00:53:29,122 --> 00:53:31,833
"You've got the title,
you've got the pulpit...
913
00:53:33,835 --> 00:53:36,171
now you gotta start talking right."
914
00:53:40,300 --> 00:53:41,700
[Dr. Smith] We weren't in the room.
915
00:53:41,760 --> 00:53:43,803
We don't have a recording
of those conversations.
916
00:53:43,887 --> 00:53:46,640
All we know is what happens next.
917
00:53:47,724 --> 00:53:48,808
He was able...
918
00:53:48,892 --> 00:53:49,935
[crowd clamors]
919
00:53:50,018 --> 00:53:53,021
...by confessing Allah is God
920
00:53:53,104 --> 00:53:55,649
and Muhammad is his messenger...
921
00:53:55,732 --> 00:53:56,566
[crowd cheers]
922
00:53:56,650 --> 00:54:00,862
...that he whipped
a much tougher man than he.
923
00:54:01,363 --> 00:54:05,325
The enemy wanted him
to come out all blasted.
924
00:54:05,408 --> 00:54:07,661
[crowd clamors]
925
00:54:07,744 --> 00:54:10,538
They had said that he would... [chuckles]
926
00:54:10,622 --> 00:54:13,750
Liston would tear up
that pretty face of yours.
927
00:54:13,833 --> 00:54:15,835
[crowd cheers]
928
00:54:17,045 --> 00:54:19,589
But Allah and myself said "No, no."
929
00:54:19,673 --> 00:54:20,590
[crowd cheers]
930
00:54:20,674 --> 00:54:23,885
[reporter] And do you think
that Cassius' being a Black Muslim
931
00:54:23,969 --> 00:54:25,679
has had anything to do with this victory?
932
00:54:25,762 --> 00:54:27,802
Well, I haven't heard him say
he was a Black Muslim.
933
00:54:27,847 --> 00:54:31,101
I have heard him say that
he believes in the religion of Islam.
934
00:54:34,521 --> 00:54:37,816
[Dr. Smith] About a week after the fight
between Clay and Liston,
935
00:54:37,899 --> 00:54:39,567
they go to the United Nations.
936
00:54:39,651 --> 00:54:43,947
Malcolm X, I want to talk with you briefly
about your affiliation with Cassius.
937
00:54:44,030 --> 00:54:45,657
How long have you known him?
938
00:54:45,740 --> 00:54:46,992
About three years.
939
00:54:47,075 --> 00:54:49,452
[reporter] And have you been
advising him, uh,
940
00:54:49,536 --> 00:54:51,579
as far as his religious affiliations
are concerned?
941
00:54:51,663 --> 00:54:55,166
Well, no, I don't give advice to anyone.
He's my brother and my friend.
942
00:54:55,250 --> 00:54:57,919
I express what I know
and understand around him.
943
00:54:58,003 --> 00:55:01,881
And Malcolm X introduces him
to Black diplomats from all over Africa.
944
00:55:01,965 --> 00:55:03,842
There's my buddy. Yes, sir.
945
00:55:03,925 --> 00:55:05,427
Glad to see you.
946
00:55:06,094 --> 00:55:08,263
[Dr. Smith] And this is
where Malcolm reminds him,
947
00:55:08,346 --> 00:55:10,849
"You are not what you were before."
948
00:55:11,558 --> 00:55:15,687
"Now you are someone
who is looked up to all over the world."
949
00:55:15,770 --> 00:55:17,605
Do you plan to visit Nigeria on your trip?
950
00:55:17,689 --> 00:55:19,941
Yes, sir.
That's one of my main stops, Africa.
951
00:55:20,025 --> 00:55:22,902
Malcolm wanted to play on a larger stage.
952
00:55:22,986 --> 00:55:26,823
He was going to take the race situation
953
00:55:27,449 --> 00:55:29,117
and internationalize it.
954
00:55:29,826 --> 00:55:31,036
Take it to the UN.
955
00:55:32,912 --> 00:55:37,250
The United States was pushing itself
as the leader of the free world,
956
00:55:37,334 --> 00:55:39,336
the supporter of human rights,
957
00:55:39,419 --> 00:55:41,504
and brother Malcolm was out there saying,
958
00:55:41,588 --> 00:55:43,590
"Hey, y'all,
this is simply not happening."
959
00:55:45,759 --> 00:55:48,303
Malcolm knew that this would be something
960
00:55:48,386 --> 00:55:52,015
that would compel
the federal government to move.
961
00:55:54,017 --> 00:55:56,561
[Malcolm] Cassius is in a better position
than anyone else
962
00:55:56,644 --> 00:55:59,189
to restore a sense of racial pride
963
00:55:59,272 --> 00:56:02,192
to not only our people in this country,
but all over the world.
964
00:56:02,275 --> 00:56:03,818
[smooth jazz music playing]
965
00:56:08,198 --> 00:56:11,493
[Dr. Smith] Over the course of the week,
Malcolm and Cassius
966
00:56:11,576 --> 00:56:13,203
look like they've never been closer.
967
00:56:14,829 --> 00:56:16,664
They go to Times Square,
968
00:56:16,748 --> 00:56:20,794
and they go and they watch the fight
of Clay defeating Liston.
969
00:56:20,877 --> 00:56:23,880
[Howard Cosell] The winner
and new heavyweight champion of the world
970
00:56:23,963 --> 00:56:25,382
is Cassius Clay!
971
00:56:28,218 --> 00:56:31,054
When they come out of the theater,
what do you see?
972
00:56:32,305 --> 00:56:35,600
A crowd, hundreds of people,
surrounding them.
973
00:56:40,355 --> 00:56:41,981
Reporters are asking Malcolm questions
974
00:56:42,065 --> 00:56:46,152
about whether or not the champ
is gonna be in his movement.
975
00:56:47,237 --> 00:56:50,031
There are all these questions about
what's gonna happen next.
976
00:56:52,700 --> 00:56:54,536
There's an FBI agent in Chicago
977
00:56:54,619 --> 00:56:58,331
who is requesting continued surveillance
of Elijah Muhammad's mansion.
978
00:56:58,415 --> 00:56:59,666
And this agent learns
979
00:56:59,749 --> 00:57:02,752
that Elijah Muhammad
has had phone conversations
980
00:57:02,836 --> 00:57:04,629
with the heavyweight champion.
981
00:57:08,216 --> 00:57:10,176
On March 6th, 1964,
982
00:57:11,052 --> 00:57:14,389
Cassius returns to his room
back at the Hotel Theresa.
983
00:57:14,472 --> 00:57:17,100
He gets a phone call,
and it's Elijah Muhammad.
984
00:57:17,809 --> 00:57:19,727
And the Supreme Minister tells him,
985
00:57:19,811 --> 00:57:23,606
"You are not allowed
to associate with Malcolm anymore."
986
00:57:24,107 --> 00:57:26,443
[introspective piano music playing]
987
00:57:34,325 --> 00:57:38,246
[reporter] I understand that you're headed
for Chicago later on this afternoon
988
00:57:38,329 --> 00:57:41,040
to meet with Elijah Muhammad?
989
00:57:41,124 --> 00:57:44,002
- Yes, sir. I'm having dinner with him.
- [reporter] Uh-huh.
990
00:57:44,085 --> 00:57:47,464
One of the main reasons
for you joining the Black Muslims
991
00:57:47,547 --> 00:57:49,632
was your friendship
with Malcolm X, wasn't it?
992
00:57:49,716 --> 00:57:53,094
No, I was a Muslim four years
before I met Malcolm X.
993
00:57:53,178 --> 00:57:54,471
[reporter] Oh, really?
994
00:57:54,554 --> 00:57:56,764
Uh, he's a friend of yours
now though, isn't he?
995
00:57:56,848 --> 00:57:57,950
- Yeah.
- [reporter] He was...
996
00:57:57,974 --> 00:58:00,828
He's a brother of mine. He's my brother.
Whatever he do, he's my brother.
997
00:58:00,852 --> 00:58:03,289
[reporter] Uh-huh. Now that he's
split away from the Muslims...
998
00:58:03,313 --> 00:58:04,473
I don't know about splitting.
999
00:58:04,522 --> 00:58:07,233
I'll have to see
a higher authority on that.
1000
00:58:07,317 --> 00:58:10,820
That's one of my main reasons for going,
is to find out the real story.
1001
00:58:10,904 --> 00:58:14,282
I don't believe nothing
the press and people write.
1002
00:58:21,247 --> 00:58:22,749
[Rahman] Elijah Muhammad says,
1003
00:58:23,249 --> 00:58:26,336
"For all my followers
and all my people that believe in Islam,
1004
00:58:26,920 --> 00:58:28,963
this is the brother, Cassius Clay,
1005
00:58:29,047 --> 00:58:32,425
he's the most trusted follower
that I got."
1006
00:58:32,509 --> 00:58:33,676
"And I name him...
1007
00:58:34,677 --> 00:58:36,471
Muhammad Ali."
1008
00:58:39,891 --> 00:58:41,267
That's how he got the name.
1009
00:58:44,479 --> 00:58:48,775
[Peter] Cassius Clay is given
his Muslim name, Muhammad Ali.
1010
00:58:49,317 --> 00:58:52,195
Most people had to wait for years
to get that.
1011
00:58:53,154 --> 00:58:54,197
He became a hero.
1012
00:58:54,280 --> 00:58:57,033
He appeared on the stage
with the Messenger.
1013
00:58:58,284 --> 00:58:59,869
And Malcolm was...
1014
00:59:01,579 --> 00:59:02,872
out in the cold.
1015
00:59:10,088 --> 00:59:13,007
[Herb] Muhammad Ali, then,
is in the crosshairs
1016
00:59:13,550 --> 00:59:16,261
between two very powerful individuals,
1017
00:59:16,344 --> 00:59:19,847
two powerful Black leaders,
Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm X,
1018
00:59:19,931 --> 00:59:21,808
whether he was aware of that or not.
1019
00:59:21,891 --> 00:59:26,437
When forced to choose,
1020
00:59:26,521 --> 00:59:29,941
for Malcolm,
he had no choice but to choose himself.
1021
00:59:30,525 --> 00:59:33,903
For Cassius,
he had to choose his spiritual father.
1022
00:59:34,821 --> 00:59:36,948
Malcolm was an individual.
1023
00:59:37,031 --> 00:59:39,325
Elijah was an institution.
1024
00:59:39,909 --> 00:59:42,245
Does this split disturb you,
that has been reported?
1025
00:59:42,328 --> 00:59:45,248
No, what Malcolm X does is his business.
He's one man.
1026
00:59:45,832 --> 00:59:47,709
- Your leader is Elijah Muhammad?
- Yes, sir.
1027
00:59:50,003 --> 00:59:52,255
[Shabazz-Allah]
The Messenger was our father.
1028
00:59:52,338 --> 00:59:54,966
A father we never had and always wanted.
1029
00:59:55,049 --> 00:59:56,509
[crowd cheering]
1030
00:59:56,593 --> 00:59:58,970
[Shabazz-Allah] He was like
the blood in our veins.
1031
01:00:00,346 --> 01:00:02,724
There's no Melchisedek
without the Messenger's teachings.
1032
01:00:02,807 --> 01:00:05,602
Take these teachings,
I'm just another nigga in the street.
1033
01:00:05,685 --> 01:00:07,205
You understand what I'm trying to say?
1034
01:00:09,105 --> 01:00:11,024
[Maryum] It was a simple story line,
1035
01:00:11,107 --> 01:00:13,318
and my father
was right up in the middle of it,
1036
01:00:13,401 --> 01:00:17,697
as this young man trying to choose.
1037
01:00:17,780 --> 01:00:21,159
And, yeah, there could have been
an element of survival.
1038
01:00:21,909 --> 01:00:23,995
Cassius Clay is a name no more,
is that right?
1039
01:00:24,078 --> 01:00:25,830
Yes, sir. It's Muhammad Ali.
1040
01:00:25,913 --> 01:00:29,459
Muhammad means "worthy of all praises,"
and Ali means "most high."
1041
01:00:29,542 --> 01:00:30,918
[Randy] When Malcolm heard this,
1042
01:00:31,002 --> 01:00:34,631
Malcolm exploded in a car and said,
"That's political."
1043
01:00:34,714 --> 01:00:36,234
Has anybody special gave you the name?
1044
01:00:36,299 --> 01:00:39,677
Yes, sir. My leader and teacher,
the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad.
1045
01:00:39,761 --> 01:00:45,141
He knew that in the battle
to win the heart of Muhammad Ali,
1046
01:00:46,559 --> 01:00:47,810
he had lost the fight.
1047
01:00:49,395 --> 01:00:50,938
Muhammad. My name's Muhammad.
1048
01:00:51,022 --> 01:00:53,650
Y'all keep calling me Cassius.
I'm tired of telling ya.
1049
01:00:53,733 --> 01:00:57,403
You know, you're intelligent.
My name is Muhammad Ali, not Cassius.
1050
01:00:57,487 --> 01:01:01,991
Ali would not let America define him,
1051
01:01:02,075 --> 01:01:04,285
and he wouldn't even let them name him.
1052
01:01:04,369 --> 01:01:07,747
[reporter] Muhammad Ali,
more popularly known as Gaseous Cassius,
1053
01:01:07,830 --> 01:01:09,499
has just hit town for his...
1054
01:01:09,582 --> 01:01:12,710
[Rev. Sharpton] All of the endorsements,
all of the commercials,
1055
01:01:12,794 --> 01:01:15,463
Hollywood, all of that's open to you,
1056
01:01:15,546 --> 01:01:19,217
and changing your name
closes the door to all of that.
1057
01:01:20,677 --> 01:01:24,889
It would take a lot of courage in the
21st century, but it was unthinkable...
1058
01:01:24,972 --> 01:01:26,891
You would have to be out of your mind.
1059
01:01:28,559 --> 01:01:30,937
It was the ultimate statement.
1060
01:01:31,521 --> 01:01:34,232
- [reporter] Mr. Clay, when you...
- Muhammad Ali, sir.
1061
01:01:34,315 --> 01:01:36,075
- [reporter] Mr. Clay...
- Muhammad Ali, sir.
1062
01:01:36,150 --> 01:01:38,569
- [reporter] Mr. Muhammad Ali, either one.
- Yes, sir.
1063
01:01:38,653 --> 01:01:40,381
- Just Muhammad Ali, sir.
- When you appeared...
1064
01:01:40,405 --> 01:01:45,451
And all of a sudden, people said,
"Who does he think he is? A loudmouth N..."
1065
01:01:46,786 --> 01:01:49,414
"The loudmouth N.
Who does he think he is?"
1066
01:01:49,497 --> 01:01:51,958
"Go to take a different name,
different religion."
1067
01:01:52,917 --> 01:01:55,357
It's a insult to be called Cassius Clay,
'cause I'm not white.
1068
01:01:55,420 --> 01:01:57,130
I'm Muhammad Ali. I'm a Black man.
1069
01:01:57,213 --> 01:01:59,382
It's the name of our history,
our ancestry.
1070
01:01:59,465 --> 01:02:02,760
So now it's an honor,
coming into the knowledge of self,
1071
01:02:02,844 --> 01:02:04,178
to be called by my own name.
1072
01:02:04,262 --> 01:02:06,514
How would a Russian look
named George Washington?
1073
01:02:06,597 --> 01:02:07,432
[crowd laughs]
1074
01:02:07,515 --> 01:02:10,560
- Tell me again, who's the champ?
- [crowd] Muhammad Ali!
1075
01:02:11,436 --> 01:02:14,272
- Again. Who's that?
- [crowd] Muhammad Ali!
1076
01:02:15,565 --> 01:02:18,109
[crowd clamoring]
1077
01:02:18,192 --> 01:02:19,944
You have Muslims around the world
1078
01:02:20,027 --> 01:02:23,698
who maybe never followed a boxing match,
1079
01:02:23,781 --> 01:02:27,869
now are hearing this name
emanating over the press wires:
1080
01:02:27,952 --> 01:02:30,371
Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ali.
1081
01:02:35,168 --> 01:02:38,671
[Herb] 1964, Muhammad and Malcolm
1082
01:02:38,755 --> 01:02:41,215
traveled to Africa and the Middle East,
1083
01:02:41,841 --> 01:02:43,384
but not together.
1084
01:02:44,051 --> 01:02:46,095
They both had this concern
1085
01:02:46,179 --> 01:02:50,266
for the whole winds of change
that are growing across Africa.
1086
01:02:50,975 --> 01:02:54,937
Muhammad Ali was met
with all these adoring masses of people.
1087
01:02:55,646 --> 01:02:58,149
He was mesmerizing
in so many different ways.
1088
01:02:58,232 --> 01:03:02,528
The kind of charisma that he possessed,
you know, it's extraordinary.
1089
01:03:06,657 --> 01:03:09,952
And Malcolm is traveling alone.
1090
01:03:11,537 --> 01:03:13,706
Meeting with these here world leaders,
1091
01:03:13,790 --> 01:03:17,543
he was trying to bring the message
of 22 million African-Americans
1092
01:03:17,627 --> 01:03:19,086
to the world stage...
1093
01:03:19,670 --> 01:03:21,881
- Salaam alaikum.
- [crowd] Walaikum Salaam.
1094
01:03:21,964 --> 01:03:24,884
...and bring charges,
you know, against the US.
1095
01:03:24,967 --> 01:03:27,136
in terms of their violation
of human rights.
1096
01:03:27,220 --> 01:03:30,348
Our problem is not an American problem,
it's a human problem.
1097
01:03:30,431 --> 01:03:33,518
It's not a Negro problem,
it's a problem of humanity.
1098
01:03:34,519 --> 01:03:37,563
[Herb] He's like a representative,
a congressman,
1099
01:03:38,356 --> 01:03:40,191
a senator from Black America,
1100
01:03:40,274 --> 01:03:43,069
if not the president of Black America.
1101
01:03:45,446 --> 01:03:46,906
[Ilyasah] "The Muslim from America
1102
01:03:46,989 --> 01:03:51,369
excited everywhere
the most intense curiosity and interest."
1103
01:03:52,453 --> 01:03:55,915
"I was mistaken time and again
for Cassius Clay."
1104
01:04:00,878 --> 01:04:03,297
"A local newspaper
had printed a photograph
1105
01:04:03,381 --> 01:04:06,968
of Cassius and me together
at the United Nations."
1106
01:04:10,012 --> 01:04:13,516
"At that moment,
he had captured the imagination
1107
01:04:13,599 --> 01:04:17,812
and the support of the entire dark world."
1108
01:04:19,397 --> 01:04:22,483
["Redemption Song" by Bob Marley playing]
1109
01:04:36,664 --> 01:04:40,209
? Old pirates, yes, they rob I ?
1110
01:04:41,294 --> 01:04:44,171
? Sold I to the merchant ships ?
1111
01:04:44,255 --> 01:04:46,340
[crowd chanting] Ali! Ali!
1112
01:04:46,424 --> 01:04:48,968
- Ali! Ali!
- ? Minutes after they took I ?
1113
01:04:49,051 --> 01:04:50,261
[crowd] Ali! Ali!
1114
01:04:50,344 --> 01:04:53,389
? From the bottomless pit ?
1115
01:04:53,472 --> 01:04:54,599
? But my hand... ?
1116
01:04:54,682 --> 01:04:58,102
My father always spoke about
the redemption of Africa.
1117
01:04:59,770 --> 01:05:04,400
And "Redemption Song" was an homage,
if you will, to Marcus Garvey,
1118
01:05:04,984 --> 01:05:08,863
and a statement
that Marcus Garvey made in 1937,
1119
01:05:08,946 --> 01:05:11,532
that we must liberate our minds
from mental slavery,
1120
01:05:11,616 --> 01:05:14,994
because while others
may help us to liberate our bodies,
1121
01:05:15,077 --> 01:05:17,246
none but ourselves can liberate our minds.
1122
01:05:17,330 --> 01:05:21,250
? Emancipate yourselves
From mental slavery ?
1123
01:05:21,334 --> 01:05:24,754
? None but ourselves can free our minds ?
1124
01:05:25,755 --> 01:05:27,048
? Have no fear for... ?
1125
01:05:27,131 --> 01:05:31,427
I think Malcolm started to see himself,
I believe, uh,
1126
01:05:31,510 --> 01:05:33,179
taking on that mantle.
1127
01:05:33,971 --> 01:05:37,725
? How long shall they kill our prophets ?
1128
01:05:37,808 --> 01:05:41,771
? While we stand aside and look?
Ooh ?
1129
01:05:41,854 --> 01:05:45,566
? Some say it's just a part of it ?
1130
01:05:46,233 --> 01:05:50,029
? We've got to fulfill the book... ?
1131
01:05:50,112 --> 01:05:52,448
[Malcolm]
Because of the spiritual rebirth,
1132
01:05:52,531 --> 01:05:54,033
which I was blessed to undergo
1133
01:05:54,116 --> 01:05:57,328
as a result of the pilgrimage
to the holy city of Mecca,
1134
01:05:57,912 --> 01:06:02,041
I no longer subscribe
to sweeping indictments of any one race.
1135
01:06:02,124 --> 01:06:03,876
[crowd applauds]
1136
01:06:03,960 --> 01:06:05,962
? Redemption songs... ?
1137
01:06:12,593 --> 01:06:14,971
[Dr. Smith] May 17th, 1964,
1138
01:06:16,389 --> 01:06:17,390
Accra, Ghana,
1139
01:06:18,391 --> 01:06:20,101
outside the Ambassador Hotel...
1140
01:06:20,977 --> 01:06:22,186
[tense music playing]
1141
01:06:22,269 --> 01:06:27,108
Malcolm was with
some of his American expat friends,
1142
01:06:27,191 --> 01:06:30,361
Maya Angelou and others.
1143
01:06:30,444 --> 01:06:33,531
Malcolm is being taken to the airport,
1144
01:06:33,614 --> 01:06:35,366
and outside the hotel,
1145
01:06:35,449 --> 01:06:37,618
and here comes Muhammad Ali.
1146
01:06:40,079 --> 01:06:42,623
[Dr. Smith] Now,
keep in mind that Malcolm,
1147
01:06:42,707 --> 01:06:46,085
he's been to Egypt and Saudi Arabia,
1148
01:06:46,168 --> 01:06:47,795
and in his journal,
1149
01:06:49,088 --> 01:06:52,091
he writes about Ali
as his brother and his friend.
1150
01:06:52,174 --> 01:06:54,885
So in this moment, in Accra, Ghana,
1151
01:06:54,969 --> 01:06:57,763
when he surprisingly sees the champ,
1152
01:06:57,847 --> 01:07:00,433
he thinks that
they're going to embrace as brothers.
1153
01:07:02,810 --> 01:07:06,313
[Randy] Malcolm X keeps saying,
"Muhammad, Muhammad."
1154
01:07:08,107 --> 01:07:10,818
Finally, Muhammad Ali
turns to him and says,
1155
01:07:10,901 --> 01:07:14,113
"Look, you turned your back
on Elijah Muhammad."
1156
01:07:14,196 --> 01:07:16,240
"You were wrong, brother. You were wrong."
1157
01:07:16,323 --> 01:07:17,742
He turns around and walks away.
1158
01:07:19,243 --> 01:07:21,954
[Herb] He kind of snubbed Malcolm
at that point.
1159
01:07:23,289 --> 01:07:27,418
Their relationship
had pretty much soured, torn apart.
1160
01:07:27,501 --> 01:07:31,005
Maya Angelou would later write about how,
when Malcolm gets in the car,
1161
01:07:31,088 --> 01:07:33,340
he's slumped in the passenger seat.
1162
01:07:34,091 --> 01:07:36,594
He says, "I've lost so much."
1163
01:07:38,512 --> 01:07:40,514
He's lost Elijah Muhammad,
1164
01:07:40,598 --> 01:07:43,100
who had played
a paternal role in his life,
1165
01:07:43,184 --> 01:07:45,561
and now he's lost Muhammad Ali.
1166
01:07:46,312 --> 01:07:48,981
If that's the blood brotherhood
we're talking about,
1167
01:07:49,065 --> 01:07:52,610
I think it was probably
the end of the blood brotherhood.
1168
01:07:55,571 --> 01:07:57,031
[reporter] What's your plan now?
1169
01:07:57,531 --> 01:07:59,992
[Malcolm] I'm going back to the,
uh, States,
1170
01:08:01,118 --> 01:08:02,703
first to see how my family is doing.
1171
01:08:02,787 --> 01:08:05,039
- [reporter] Yes.
- [Malcolm] See what develops.
1172
01:08:07,124 --> 01:08:10,961
When he returned from Africa
at JFK Airport,
1173
01:08:11,545 --> 01:08:14,381
my mother handed me over to my father,
1174
01:08:14,465 --> 01:08:18,636
and he's smiling.
I don't know if that's a fond memory,
1175
01:08:18,719 --> 01:08:22,556
or if it's because I've seen the photo
so many times,
1176
01:08:23,599 --> 01:08:26,060
but I feel like I see him looking at me
1177
01:08:26,143 --> 01:08:27,853
like he's waiting for something to happen.
1178
01:08:27,937 --> 01:08:30,689
And this is a golden Muslim mosque
1179
01:08:30,773 --> 01:08:34,401
that was presented to me
by the Islamic Council of all Egypt.
1180
01:08:34,485 --> 01:08:36,487
[crowd cheers and applauds]
1181
01:08:37,947 --> 01:08:39,156
[man 1] Yeah!
1182
01:08:39,240 --> 01:08:41,117
[man 2] It's all solid gold, brother.
1183
01:08:41,617 --> 01:08:43,202
All solid gold.
1184
01:08:44,870 --> 01:08:46,205
Solid gold.
1185
01:08:46,789 --> 01:08:47,998
[man 3] Solid gold! Yes...
1186
01:08:48,082 --> 01:08:50,642
This is a gift to our leader and teacher
for waking all of us up,
1187
01:08:50,709 --> 01:08:53,462
because we were in a bad state
of condition before we heard him.
1188
01:08:53,546 --> 01:08:54,547
[man 3] Yes, sir!
1189
01:08:54,630 --> 01:08:56,465
[crowd cheers and applauds]
1190
01:08:56,549 --> 01:08:59,635
[man 4]�Hooray! Yes, sir!
1191
01:08:59,718 --> 01:09:03,139
Have you and Malcolm X,
the man who helped convert you
1192
01:09:03,222 --> 01:09:05,099
to the Black Muslim movement,
1193
01:09:05,182 --> 01:09:06,433
have the two of you split?
1194
01:09:07,017 --> 01:09:09,353
When the Honorable Elijah Muhammad
cuts a man off,
1195
01:09:09,436 --> 01:09:12,314
well then he's automatically cut off
with all of his followers.
1196
01:09:12,398 --> 01:09:15,943
My newspaper carried a story saying
upon your return from Africa,
1197
01:09:16,026 --> 01:09:19,530
you refused to stay at the Theresa Hotel,
your former headquarters.
1198
01:09:19,613 --> 01:09:23,284
My leader told me...
Not my leader, but various officials
1199
01:09:23,367 --> 01:09:26,287
said that it wouldn't be nice
being in the same hotel that he was in,
1200
01:09:26,370 --> 01:09:27,705
and whatever they say go.
1201
01:09:30,749 --> 01:09:33,252
[reporter] When Cassius Clay was in Accra,
1202
01:09:33,335 --> 01:09:38,174
he was quoted as saying things
that were, um, not so friendly.
1203
01:09:38,257 --> 01:09:40,342
Uh, could you have anything
to say about that?
1204
01:09:40,426 --> 01:09:42,261
I don't know anything about what he said.
1205
01:09:42,344 --> 01:09:46,807
I'm always reluctant to believe
what I read in the newspaper
1206
01:09:46,891 --> 01:09:50,144
that one Black man supposedly said
about another Black man.
1207
01:09:50,227 --> 01:09:51,061
[reporter] He was...
1208
01:09:51,145 --> 01:09:55,441
And if I have anything at all to say
about Cassius, I'll say it to him.
1209
01:09:55,524 --> 01:09:57,276
I don't even talk about Malcolm X.
1210
01:09:57,359 --> 01:09:59,195
He's not in our mind. He's a little...
1211
01:09:59,278 --> 01:10:01,739
We don't worry about Malcolm X.
We have too much to do,
1212
01:10:02,573 --> 01:10:07,077
and he's just one individual
who, as we say, went astray.
1213
01:10:09,371 --> 01:10:11,457
[reporter] Do you still
consider him a friend?
1214
01:10:11,540 --> 01:10:14,293
Yes, I consider
all of our people my friend.
1215
01:10:14,376 --> 01:10:17,004
And usually, those who act unfriendly
1216
01:10:17,087 --> 01:10:20,633
are only reflecting the poison
that someone else has put in them.
1217
01:10:23,552 --> 01:10:26,931
I... I'm wondering if you still believe,
as I think you certainly did
1218
01:10:27,014 --> 01:10:29,600
at the time you were allied
with the Black Muslim movement,
1219
01:10:29,683 --> 01:10:33,854
in a segregated Black nation
in North America?
1220
01:10:33,938 --> 01:10:37,524
I don't believe in any form
of segregation or any form of racism.
1221
01:10:37,608 --> 01:10:39,443
- Are you still a Muslim?
- [Malcolm] Oh yes.
1222
01:10:39,526 --> 01:10:41,946
I'm a Muslim.
I believe in the religion of Islam,
1223
01:10:42,029 --> 01:10:43,948
which believes in brotherhood.
1224
01:10:44,031 --> 01:10:45,908
Complete brotherhood of all people.
1225
01:10:47,993 --> 01:10:52,623
Malcolm felt that
he was now a big man before the public,
1226
01:10:52,706 --> 01:10:55,292
and this seemed to have been his desire.
1227
01:10:55,376 --> 01:10:57,878
He wanted to be seen and heard.
1228
01:10:57,962 --> 01:11:01,423
He wanted to exalt himself
above his teacher.
1229
01:11:05,636 --> 01:11:08,889
[Zaheer] Once Malcolm is labeled
a hypocrite...
1230
01:11:11,350 --> 01:11:12,643
...it marks him.
1231
01:11:14,478 --> 01:11:16,981
What people think hypocrite means
1232
01:11:17,064 --> 01:11:21,652
or permits them to contemplate to do,
1233
01:11:21,735 --> 01:11:24,822
puts him in an extremely
vulnerable position.
1234
01:11:27,324 --> 01:11:30,828
[Wali] We definitely look at that
as one of the worst things you could do,
1235
01:11:30,911 --> 01:11:31,829
is be a hypocrite.
1236
01:11:31,912 --> 01:11:34,915
Uh, you know, we don't
affiliate ourselves with hypocrites,
1237
01:11:34,999 --> 01:11:37,584
and we let Allah
take care of our hypocrites.
1238
01:11:38,085 --> 01:11:43,132
- [reporter] Why are they threatening you?
- Well, primarily because they're afraid
1239
01:11:43,215 --> 01:11:46,593
that I will tell the real reason
that they've been...
1240
01:11:46,677 --> 01:11:50,639
That I'm out of the Black Muslim movement,
which I never told, I kept to myself.
1241
01:11:50,723 --> 01:11:53,559
But the real reason
is that Elijah Muhammad,
1242
01:11:53,642 --> 01:11:54,935
the head of the movement,
1243
01:11:55,019 --> 01:11:59,148
is the father of eight children
by six different teenage girls.
1244
01:11:59,231 --> 01:12:01,650
Different, uh...
Six different teenage girls
1245
01:12:01,734 --> 01:12:04,320
who were his private personal secretaries.
1246
01:12:06,363 --> 01:12:09,283
Shouldn't have talked about him
like that. Elijah Muhammad?
1247
01:12:10,534 --> 01:12:12,244
Taught you everything you knew.
1248
01:12:12,745 --> 01:12:15,664
Gonna turn against that man? What a fool.
1249
01:12:20,377 --> 01:12:22,017
[Shabazz-Allah] That's a mistake he made.
1250
01:12:23,464 --> 01:12:26,884
Your mission
and your personal life is separate.
1251
01:12:29,428 --> 01:12:30,971
If I got a package for you,
1252
01:12:31,805 --> 01:12:34,516
and my mission's to come across the street
and give you the package,
1253
01:12:35,059 --> 01:12:36,060
that's my mission.
1254
01:12:36,560 --> 01:12:38,687
If you see me across the street
with a young girl,
1255
01:12:38,771 --> 01:12:40,189
or drinking a quart of wine,
1256
01:12:40,939 --> 01:12:42,608
that ain't none of your business.
1257
01:12:43,442 --> 01:12:45,027
'Cause I fulfilled my mission.
1258
01:12:45,778 --> 01:12:50,324
The Messenger's job is not to discuss
or explain his personal life.
1259
01:12:50,866 --> 01:12:52,910
His job is to deliver the message.
1260
01:12:52,993 --> 01:12:55,579
Who in the hell are you
to question the Messenger
1261
01:12:55,662 --> 01:12:58,624
who took you out of a garbage can,
cleaned you up,
1262
01:12:58,707 --> 01:13:00,376
and put you in front of the world
1263
01:13:00,459 --> 01:13:03,295
as the number-one spokesman
for Black people?
1264
01:13:03,379 --> 01:13:05,130
Now you gonna question him?
1265
01:13:07,383 --> 01:13:08,383
No, no.
1266
01:13:12,096 --> 01:13:13,472
[Rahman] When Malcolm did that,
1267
01:13:13,972 --> 01:13:17,643
talked about Elijah,
said some bad things about his lifestyle
1268
01:13:17,726 --> 01:13:19,353
with women and things like that,
1269
01:13:19,436 --> 01:13:21,772
everybody that loved Elijah
turned against him.
1270
01:13:23,232 --> 01:13:24,650
He shouldn't have said that.
1271
01:13:25,192 --> 01:13:27,986
Too many people love Elijah.
They would kill for Elijah.
1272
01:13:28,070 --> 01:13:29,071
They did.
1273
01:13:30,447 --> 01:13:33,242
[Herb] February the 14th, 1965,
1274
01:13:33,742 --> 01:13:37,162
Malcolm's house was firebombed
in East Elmhurst.
1275
01:13:37,746 --> 01:13:40,958
[reporter] His house in Queens
was seriously damaged by fire,
1276
01:13:41,041 --> 01:13:43,836
a fire started by Molotov cocktails.
1277
01:13:44,586 --> 01:13:47,881
[Ilyasah] For my mother,
a bomb was thrown into the nursery
1278
01:13:47,965 --> 01:13:50,968
where her babies slept.
1279
01:13:52,302 --> 01:13:54,763
That has got to be frightening.
1280
01:13:55,347 --> 01:13:56,557
My house was bombed.
1281
01:13:56,640 --> 01:13:59,226
It was bombed by the Black Muslim movement
1282
01:13:59,309 --> 01:14:01,687
upon the orders of Elijah Muhammad.
1283
01:14:02,479 --> 01:14:04,982
They had planned to do it
from the front and the back
1284
01:14:05,065 --> 01:14:06,316
so that I couldn't get out.
1285
01:14:06,900 --> 01:14:08,569
I was working the graveyard shift
1286
01:14:08,652 --> 01:14:11,697
in one of the automobile plants
in Detroit.
1287
01:14:11,780 --> 01:14:15,325
He was supposed to be on the schedule
to come to Detroit to speak.
1288
01:14:16,410 --> 01:14:18,203
When I heard early in the morning hours
1289
01:14:18,287 --> 01:14:20,414
that his house had been firebombed
in East Elmhurst,
1290
01:14:20,497 --> 01:14:22,541
I knew he was not coming.
1291
01:14:22,624 --> 01:14:24,084
I was wrong.
1292
01:14:25,294 --> 01:14:27,588
At nine o'clock, Malcolm was on a plane,
1293
01:14:27,671 --> 01:14:30,549
came to Detroit, spoke at Ford Auditorium.
1294
01:14:31,216 --> 01:14:34,219
A friend of mine attended,
said he could smell the smoke on him,
1295
01:14:34,303 --> 01:14:37,473
what he had salvaged from his house
after being firebombed.
1296
01:14:49,860 --> 01:14:54,865
[police spokesman] There were about
400 persons present in the ballroom here,
1297
01:14:54,948 --> 01:14:56,408
representing the...
1298
01:14:56,492 --> 01:15:03,290
An organization�known as
the Afro-American Unity Organization...
1299
01:15:03,373 --> 01:15:04,249
[clicks tongue]
1300
01:15:04,333 --> 01:15:06,877
...uh, headed up by Malcolm X.
1301
01:15:08,962 --> 01:15:11,757
[A. Peter] The Audubon Ballroom was
a huge ballroom,
1302
01:15:12,758 --> 01:15:15,177
but it had a very small lobby area.
1303
01:15:16,887 --> 01:15:20,265
I was sitting in the lobby,
facing the... The entrance.
1304
01:15:22,893 --> 01:15:27,564
I guess I'd been there
maybe 10, 15 minutes at the most,
1305
01:15:27,648 --> 01:15:29,733
and I heard Brother Malcolm say
assalamu alaikum,
1306
01:15:29,816 --> 01:15:31,652
and next thing I heard was shots.
1307
01:15:32,319 --> 01:15:33,529
[Malcolm] Salaam alaikum.
1308
01:15:34,029 --> 01:15:37,032
- [gun fires repeatedly]
- [people shouting and crying]
1309
01:15:38,659 --> 01:15:41,036
[woman] I saw people crawling
on the floor,
1310
01:15:41,703 --> 01:15:43,664
and so I got down too.
1311
01:15:45,874 --> 01:15:47,459
And my children were crying, you know,
1312
01:15:47,543 --> 01:15:50,546
"What's going on? What's going on?
Are they gonna shoot us?"
1313
01:15:51,838 --> 01:15:53,507
I knew they had shot my husband.
1314
01:15:55,884 --> 01:15:57,135
[A. Peter] I ran forward.
1315
01:15:57,219 --> 01:16:00,931
I saw Malcolm hold his side
and hold his stomach and fell down.
1316
01:16:01,890 --> 01:16:04,643
We have two suspects in custody now.
1317
01:16:04,726 --> 01:16:08,397
One of these men was arrested
on the street
1318
01:16:08,480 --> 01:16:11,024
by one of our patrolmen close by.
1319
01:16:11,525 --> 01:16:14,528
[reporter] Are they members of the, uh,
Black Muslims?
1320
01:16:14,611 --> 01:16:15,779
I would not know that.
1321
01:16:15,862 --> 01:16:17,864
[siren wailing]
1322
01:16:17,948 --> 01:16:20,617
- [reporter] How do you feel now?
- [man] I wanna kill somebody.
1323
01:16:21,618 --> 01:16:23,537
That's right, I wanna kill somebody.
1324
01:16:24,329 --> 01:16:27,958
Before the night's over, if Malcolm dies,
somebody gonna die.
1325
01:16:29,167 --> 01:16:31,169
[mournful music playing]
1326
01:16:40,220 --> 01:16:41,763
[Herb] He was our manhood.
1327
01:16:42,264 --> 01:16:46,393
He was the...
A milestone, you know, our anchor.
1328
01:16:46,476 --> 01:16:49,855
Malcolm X was the greatest Black man
since Marcus Garvey.
1329
01:16:51,398 --> 01:16:53,525
And when you lost it,�you found out
1330
01:16:53,609 --> 01:16:56,028
how really lost you were as a people.
1331
01:16:56,111 --> 01:17:01,742
[crowd singing]
? We shall overcome some day ?
1332
01:17:01,825 --> 01:17:06,288
[reporter 1] Mr. Muhammad,
yesterday in a wire story, uh,
1333
01:17:06,371 --> 01:17:09,916
a Muslim was quoted as saying, uh, that,
1334
01:17:10,000 --> 01:17:12,919
"The chickens had come home
to roost on Malcolm,"
1335
01:17:13,003 --> 01:17:15,005
in reference to Malcolm's
earlier statement
1336
01:17:15,088 --> 01:17:17,633
about the assassination
of President Kennedy.
1337
01:17:17,716 --> 01:17:21,928
Do you feel a Muslim brother
would make such a statement about Malcolm
1338
01:17:22,012 --> 01:17:23,555
upon learning of his death?
1339
01:17:24,181 --> 01:17:25,181
Well, I don't know.
1340
01:17:25,223 --> 01:17:28,769
I know nothing about who it was
any more than you.
1341
01:17:28,852 --> 01:17:31,772
[reporter 2] Has any police force, sir,
asked you for a statement?
1342
01:17:32,272 --> 01:17:33,272
No, sir.
1343
01:17:33,607 --> 01:17:36,360
[reporter 1] Mr. Muhammad, Malcolm,
before he was killed yesterday,
1344
01:17:36,443 --> 01:17:39,529
said the Black Muslims
were trying to kill him.
1345
01:17:39,613 --> 01:17:41,198
Would you comment on that?
1346
01:17:41,281 --> 01:17:42,616
I know nothing about it.
1347
01:17:43,617 --> 01:17:46,411
We're not, uh, violent people.
1348
01:17:46,953 --> 01:17:49,039
This is a shock to us.
1349
01:17:52,584 --> 01:17:55,146
[documentary interviewer]
What do you think happened to Malcolm X?
1350
01:17:55,170 --> 01:17:57,170
- What do I think?
- [documentary interviewer] Yes.
1351
01:18:00,717 --> 01:18:02,135
[mumbling] Uh... Uh...
1352
01:18:02,219 --> 01:18:04,471
What I know, what happened to him.
1353
01:18:07,432 --> 01:18:09,393
I know he deviated and...
1354
01:18:11,103 --> 01:18:12,270
And he died.
1355
01:18:17,609 --> 01:18:21,071
[Zaheer] It's very easy to tell the story
of the assassination of Malcolm X
1356
01:18:21,154 --> 01:18:24,032
as a story of a dissident
1357
01:18:24,116 --> 01:18:26,952
who leaves a movement
and is punished for that.
1358
01:18:27,744 --> 01:18:30,664
And certainly,
there was definitely bad blood
1359
01:18:30,747 --> 01:18:33,083
between Malcolm and the Nation of Islam.
1360
01:18:33,166 --> 01:18:37,587
- [crowd shouting]
- [whistles blowing]
1361
01:18:40,048 --> 01:18:46,471
[Zaheer] But from what we have been able
to glean�from the released FBI files,
1362
01:18:46,555 --> 01:18:51,810
and they have not all been released,
is that the FBI was gleefully
1363
01:18:52,686 --> 01:18:56,148
watching this gap, this split grow,
1364
01:18:57,023 --> 01:19:00,402
and grow bitterly between Malcolm
1365
01:19:01,278 --> 01:19:03,155
and the Nation of Islam.
1366
01:19:05,365 --> 01:19:08,118
The hidden hand
was the federal government.
1367
01:19:08,201 --> 01:19:10,662
They would never let
a white man shoot Malcolm,
1368
01:19:10,746 --> 01:19:13,039
'cause that would have been... catastrophe.
1369
01:19:16,168 --> 01:19:19,838
Now, you always have,
excuse my expression,
1370
01:19:20,422 --> 01:19:25,635
niggas who will sell out
their mother for $2.
1371
01:19:28,388 --> 01:19:30,640
[reporter] Police are everywhere,
on rooftops,
1372
01:19:31,141 --> 01:19:33,351
standing on fire escapes,
in plain clothes,
1373
01:19:33,435 --> 01:19:39,065
and hundreds of New York City policemen
in uniform along 147th Street.
1374
01:19:39,649 --> 01:19:42,235
So far, the last rites for Malcolm X
1375
01:19:42,319 --> 01:19:44,696
are being performed without incident.
1376
01:19:49,451 --> 01:19:51,745
[Ilyasah] My sisters and I lost
our father...
1377
01:19:54,748 --> 01:19:57,501
...but I think for Black people,
1378
01:19:58,001 --> 01:20:02,297
that we lost someone who was brilliant,
1379
01:20:03,632 --> 01:20:05,509
kind, loving,
1380
01:20:06,301 --> 01:20:07,677
very compassionate.
1381
01:20:08,178 --> 01:20:10,096
I think that you have to be
1382
01:20:10,180 --> 01:20:15,018
in order to have
such a profound reaction to injustice.
1383
01:20:17,437 --> 01:20:20,273
[Dr. West] James Baldwin wrote
of Malcolm X,
1384
01:20:20,857 --> 01:20:24,945
"He was the most gentle
and tender man I ever met."
1385
01:20:26,321 --> 01:20:30,909
That's not the image of Malcolm.
But he saw Malcolm relating to Black folk.
1386
01:20:34,955 --> 01:20:38,583
[Shabazz-Allah] He honored his own code
that he taught us.
1387
01:20:43,213 --> 01:20:44,381
Accept death.
1388
01:20:44,881 --> 01:20:46,716
Once you accept death, you're free.
1389
01:20:52,639 --> 01:20:54,933
[reporter] The day before Malcolm X was
to be buried,
1390
01:20:55,016 --> 01:20:58,812
Elijah Muhammad made his first
public appearance since the assassination.
1391
01:20:58,895 --> 01:21:03,066
The Nation's leader was barely visible
behind the human wedge of bodyguards.
1392
01:21:03,984 --> 01:21:08,113
If you would like to follow anyone
against me,
1393
01:21:08,905 --> 01:21:10,115
go ahead and do it.
1394
01:21:10,198 --> 01:21:11,992
- [crowd clamors]
- But your, uh...
1395
01:21:12,075 --> 01:21:14,494
That... Your end will be pretty bad.
1396
01:21:14,578 --> 01:21:17,414
- [crowd clamors]
- I fear for you.
1397
01:21:17,497 --> 01:21:19,499
[crowd applauds]
1398
01:21:20,625 --> 01:21:23,879
[reporter] Also in Chicago,
participating in the Muslim convention,
1399
01:21:23,962 --> 01:21:26,256
is the heavyweight champion Cassius Clay.
1400
01:21:26,339 --> 01:21:29,259
His adopted Muslim name: Muhammad Ali.
1401
01:21:38,059 --> 01:21:40,979
[Muhammad] Malcolm X
and anybody else who attacks
1402
01:21:41,062 --> 01:21:45,859
or talks about attacking
Elijah Muhammad will die.
1403
01:21:45,942 --> 01:21:50,155
No man can oppose the Messenger
of Almighty God, uh,
1404
01:21:50,238 --> 01:21:52,866
verbally or physically,
and get away with it.
1405
01:21:54,618 --> 01:21:57,245
[Dr. Smith] Muhammad Ali becomes part
of this chorus,
1406
01:21:58,288 --> 01:22:02,959
that anyone who crosses
Elijah Muhammad must die.
1407
01:22:04,336 --> 01:22:06,129
That's the tragedy in all this.
1408
01:22:06,630 --> 01:22:08,131
That Malcolm is the enemy?
1409
01:22:10,216 --> 01:22:14,012
Was Malcolm the enemy
when he brought his family to Miami?
1410
01:22:14,095 --> 01:22:18,767
Did he think that Malcolm was the enemy
when he prayed with him before his fight?
1411
01:22:20,852 --> 01:22:22,228
Malcolm X got famous
1412
01:22:22,312 --> 01:22:25,523
mainly being hard
on people like you, white people.
1413
01:22:25,607 --> 01:22:28,860
White devils,
you blue-eyeded, blond-headed dog.
1414
01:22:29,611 --> 01:22:33,073
Whites cared nothing about Malcolm
nor so-called Negroes
1415
01:22:33,156 --> 01:22:34,996
when he was with
the Honorable Elijah Muhammad,
1416
01:22:35,033 --> 01:22:38,161
but they seem to love and follow
our dead leaders,
1417
01:22:38,244 --> 01:22:42,540
and now they have a dead man
who was nothing but a...
1418
01:22:42,624 --> 01:22:44,668
And he admit himself, Malcolm,
1419
01:22:44,751 --> 01:22:46,795
was a tramp, a...
1420
01:22:48,004 --> 01:22:50,340
Had white women
selling their body for him.
1421
01:22:50,423 --> 01:22:53,885
He was nothing until the Honorable
Elijah Muhammad made him great.
1422
01:22:53,969 --> 01:22:57,055
And if Malcolm X had stayed
with the man that made him great,
1423
01:22:57,138 --> 01:23:00,475
taught him everything he knew,
today, he'd have been big, big, big.
1424
01:23:00,558 --> 01:23:05,230
[people chanting Arabic prayer]
1425
01:23:20,578 --> 01:23:24,332
[Maryum] In '72, my father went to Mecca.
1426
01:23:29,087 --> 01:23:34,509
And that is what got my father
to true Islam.
1427
01:23:35,093 --> 01:23:37,595
Elijah Muhammad,
leader of the Black Muslims,
1428
01:23:37,679 --> 01:23:39,681
died of heart failure today in Chicago.
1429
01:23:39,764 --> 01:23:41,558
He was 77 years old.
1430
01:23:51,735 --> 01:23:55,405
We left the Nation, I believe, around '75.
1431
01:23:55,488 --> 01:23:56,948
I was seven years old.
1432
01:24:06,958 --> 01:24:08,752
[Rahman] My brother was so good.
1433
01:24:13,006 --> 01:24:15,800
See, you gotta be me
to understand how I feel.
1434
01:24:16,968 --> 01:24:20,221
I was the only brother. Only one brother.
1435
01:24:20,722 --> 01:24:22,682
[stammers] Blood brothers.
1436
01:24:23,308 --> 01:24:26,269
I miss him so much,
but I'm going to see him in heaven.
1437
01:24:27,312 --> 01:24:30,023
Oh, I can't wait to see him.
I will hug and kiss him.
1438
01:24:42,911 --> 01:24:46,581
[documentary interviewer] Do you remember
anything that Muhammad Ali regretted?
1439
01:24:50,210 --> 01:24:51,252
Let me think.
1440
01:24:51,336 --> 01:24:54,016
- Let me think a few minutes here.
- [documentary interviewer] Yeah.
1441
01:24:59,010 --> 01:25:01,012
That's a hell of a... Hell of a question.
1442
01:25:06,518 --> 01:25:08,603
[Herb] So many years are gonna go by,
1443
01:25:08,686 --> 01:25:12,398
and we're always curious about
a generation or two from now,
1444
01:25:12,482 --> 01:25:15,276
and what perceptions are they gonna have,
1445
01:25:15,360 --> 01:25:19,030
what estimations will they have
of Muhammad Ali,
1446
01:25:19,114 --> 01:25:20,573
of Malcolm X?
1447
01:25:21,866 --> 01:25:25,537
You know, what were the trajectories
of their lives, and what did it mean?
1448
01:25:26,496 --> 01:25:28,915
Already we can see it being played out
1449
01:25:28,998 --> 01:25:31,417
in different literature, different films,
1450
01:25:32,293 --> 01:25:33,294
different venues.
1451
01:25:33,378 --> 01:25:35,380
[commentator] Look who gets it next.
1452
01:25:35,463 --> 01:25:37,590
- [crowd cheering]
- [Olympic theme song playing]
1453
01:25:37,674 --> 01:25:39,050
[commentator] The greatest.
1454
01:25:41,010 --> 01:25:46,683
[Dr. Boyd] The Ali that has been
presented to the public
1455
01:25:46,766 --> 01:25:48,768
since 1996
1456
01:25:49,769 --> 01:25:51,104
is a false image.
1457
01:25:51,187 --> 01:25:53,731
They've managed to edit out
1458
01:25:53,815 --> 01:25:59,320
those things that made Muhammad Ali
controversial in another era.
1459
01:25:59,404 --> 01:26:01,406
[Olympic theme song playing]
1460
01:26:03,324 --> 01:26:06,786
[Dr. West] The same people who gave him
a standing ovation in Atlanta...
1461
01:26:06,870 --> 01:26:08,872
[crowd cheering]
1462
01:26:09,455 --> 01:26:11,791
...the same people 20 years earlier
1463
01:26:11,875 --> 01:26:13,543
had talked about him like a dog.
1464
01:26:15,587 --> 01:26:18,298
[Dr. Boyd] He was a strident critic
of white supremacy.
1465
01:26:18,381 --> 01:26:21,634
[Muhammad] And I just don't think
I should go 10,000 miles from here
1466
01:26:21,718 --> 01:26:24,304
and shoot some Black people
who never called me nigger,
1467
01:26:24,387 --> 01:26:28,141
never lynched me, never put dogs on me,
never raped my mama.
1468
01:26:28,224 --> 01:26:30,435
And I think a lot of that got written out
1469
01:26:30,518 --> 01:26:32,520
because of his illness
1470
01:26:32,604 --> 01:26:35,190
and the fact that
he wasn't really able to speak.
1471
01:26:40,320 --> 01:26:43,156
[Malcolm] And even today,
America is still a country
1472
01:26:43,239 --> 01:26:44,824
whose governmental system
1473
01:26:44,908 --> 01:26:49,078
is based upon freedom, justice
and equality for white people only.
1474
01:26:49,579 --> 01:26:53,416
There's no such thing as freedom
in this country for a Black man.
1475
01:26:53,499 --> 01:26:55,752
Malcolm, of course, got killed in '65
1476
01:26:55,835 --> 01:27:01,466
and so people have been
rewriting his narrative ever since.
1477
01:27:04,844 --> 01:27:09,557
First time I went to the post office
to buy Malcolm X stamps, I was conflicted.
1478
01:27:09,641 --> 01:27:11,851
When Malcolm was killed in 1965,
1479
01:27:11,935 --> 01:27:14,229
no one would've imagined
that he would ever be
1480
01:27:14,312 --> 01:27:17,857
on any official product
of the US government.
1481
01:27:18,650 --> 01:27:20,818
Seeing Malcolm on a stamp
is really symbolic
1482
01:27:20,902 --> 01:27:24,906
of how his image changed over time.
1483
01:27:29,160 --> 01:27:31,829
[Herb] To a certain extent,
he still lives with us.
1484
01:27:32,413 --> 01:27:34,332
He hasn't been taken away.
1485
01:27:34,999 --> 01:27:36,668
The spirit of him lives.
1486
01:27:36,751 --> 01:27:38,753
[inspirational music playing]
1487
01:27:40,255 --> 01:27:44,968
[Shabazz-Allah] You can kill a man,
but you can't kill the idea.
1488
01:27:47,345 --> 01:27:51,182
Every junior high school, every college,
every university, all over YouTube,
1489
01:27:51,266 --> 01:27:55,728
they playin' Malcolm's audios and videos
just like he's still here.
1490
01:27:55,812 --> 01:27:58,690
And what he was teaching 50 years ago,
1491
01:27:58,773 --> 01:28:00,942
you see it happening today.
1492
01:28:04,487 --> 01:28:08,992
Black history, American history,
and world history changed
1493
01:28:09,075 --> 01:28:12,161
because of these two guys
that had the nerve
1494
01:28:12,245 --> 01:28:14,414
to be themselves and be bold.
1495
01:28:14,497 --> 01:28:16,749
And that boldness became contagious.
1496
01:28:17,333 --> 01:28:18,978
...it's the two-legged dog that controls...
1497
01:28:19,002 --> 01:28:22,130
[Rev. Sharpton] They defined
a whole generation
1498
01:28:22,213 --> 01:28:25,091
of where we walked
with our heads held high
1499
01:28:25,174 --> 01:28:26,759
and our shoulders back.
1500
01:28:29,595 --> 01:28:33,599
[Maryum] People forget my father
was still this young man in his 20s
1501
01:28:34,100 --> 01:28:36,102
whose eyes was on a championship.
1502
01:28:36,811 --> 01:28:40,732
There are things that Malcolm taught him
that my father kept with him
1503
01:28:41,649 --> 01:28:43,109
until his last day.
1504
01:28:45,069 --> 01:28:48,489
[documentary interviewer]
How did your brother feel about Malcolm X
1505
01:28:48,573 --> 01:28:50,783
after he was assassinated?
1506
01:28:50,867 --> 01:28:55,496
Did he ever talk to you
about regrets or how he felt?
1507
01:28:55,997 --> 01:28:59,334
He never did, but I know my brother. He...
1508
01:28:59,417 --> 01:29:01,169
He felt... He felt bad.
1509
01:29:02,170 --> 01:29:03,838
It hurt my brother bad, yes.
1510
01:29:07,258 --> 01:29:10,845
[Ilyasah] Once he severed ties
with the Nation of Islam,
1511
01:29:11,596 --> 01:29:14,474
Muhammad Ali reached out to our family.
1512
01:29:15,183 --> 01:29:18,311
I think Muhammad Ali likely felt
1513
01:29:18,394 --> 01:29:21,522
that he owed it to my father
1514
01:29:21,606 --> 01:29:26,986
to make sure that his wife
and his babies were safe
1515
01:29:27,070 --> 01:29:28,488
and that they were okay.
1516
01:29:31,449 --> 01:29:34,702
[Attallah] There was a double take
when I came upon him,
1517
01:29:34,786 --> 01:29:38,081
somewhere between me turning 18, 19 or 20.
1518
01:29:39,916 --> 01:29:41,876
Now looking right into his face...
1519
01:29:41,959 --> 01:29:42,959
You know how he is.
1520
01:29:43,002 --> 01:29:45,356
You know, he gives you
that little dare like, "Is that you?"
1521
01:29:45,380 --> 01:29:46,756
[crowd laughing softly]
1522
01:29:48,341 --> 01:29:49,550
[laughing softly again]
1523
01:29:51,052 --> 01:29:53,971
From the very moment we found one another,
1524
01:29:54,055 --> 01:29:56,140
it was as if no time had passed at all.
1525
01:29:56,808 --> 01:29:58,726
We cried out loud.
1526
01:30:00,686 --> 01:30:05,608
His grief for having not spoken
to my dad before he left.
1527
01:30:06,359 --> 01:30:10,696
Having Muhammad Ali in my life
somehow sustained my dad's breath for me
1528
01:30:11,697 --> 01:30:13,366
just a little while longer,
1529
01:30:14,367 --> 01:30:16,160
[voice breaking] 51 years longer.
1530
01:30:16,244 --> 01:30:17,245
Until now.
1531
01:30:18,162 --> 01:30:19,455
[sobbing]
1532
01:30:20,373 --> 01:30:22,375
[crowd applauds]
1533
01:30:31,050 --> 01:30:33,386
[introspective piano music playing]
1534
01:30:39,851 --> 01:30:43,062
[Muhammad] I upset Sonny Liston,
and I just turned 22 years old.
1535
01:30:43,146 --> 01:30:44,605
I must be the greatest!
1536
01:30:44,689 --> 01:30:46,524
I am the king of the world!
1537
01:30:46,607 --> 01:30:47,607
[crowd cheering]
1538
01:30:49,193 --> 01:30:50,793
[Malcolm] He's my brother and my friend.
1539
01:30:51,696 --> 01:30:54,532
I express what I know
and understand around him,
1540
01:30:54,615 --> 01:30:57,618
but he has a mind of his own,
an understanding of his own.
1541
01:31:01,789 --> 01:31:05,918
[Ilyasah] It was destiny
that they would feel that brotherhood
1542
01:31:06,002 --> 01:31:07,920
and learn together.
1543
01:31:10,923 --> 01:31:13,259
But there were these outside forces
1544
01:31:13,342 --> 01:31:16,304
that prevented them from continuing
1545
01:31:16,387 --> 01:31:19,932
this beautiful relationship
that had started.
1546
01:31:26,105 --> 01:31:29,025
[Hana] We were writing my father's
autobiography, The Soul of a Butterfly,
1547
01:31:29,066 --> 01:31:30,151
it was in 2003,
1548
01:31:31,319 --> 01:31:32,695
I asked him about Malcolm X
1549
01:31:32,778 --> 01:31:35,364
and how he felt about
the relationship and how it ended.
1550
01:31:36,491 --> 01:31:38,743
And I remember,
1551
01:31:38,826 --> 01:31:41,537
my father sat back in his chair
and he closed his eyes...
1552
01:31:44,040 --> 01:31:47,543
...and it took him a little bit to respond,
maybe 10 or 15 seconds,
1553
01:31:47,627 --> 01:31:49,128
and he said to me...
1554
01:31:49,837 --> 01:31:54,091
He said that turning his back on Malcolm
was one of his greatest regrets.
1555
01:31:54,175 --> 01:31:57,803
He wished that he could go back
and tell Malcolm that he was sorry,
1556
01:31:57,887 --> 01:32:00,223
that he loved him, that he was his friend,
1557
01:32:00,306 --> 01:32:02,433
and that he was right
about so many things.
1558
01:32:05,019 --> 01:32:07,855
[Ilyasah] One of the things
that I'll never forget was...
1559
01:32:09,357 --> 01:32:11,901
looking up at Muhammad Ali and asking him,
1560
01:32:13,069 --> 01:32:14,570
"Did you love my father?"
1561
01:32:17,865 --> 01:32:19,825
And him saying,
1562
01:32:21,244 --> 01:32:23,913
"I loved your father with all my heart."
1563
01:32:38,761 --> 01:32:40,763
[jazz music playing]
130873
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