Would you like to inspect the original subtitles? These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated:
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♪
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[crickets chirping]
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♪
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♪
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♪
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I would argue to all
of you that
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we are in a new turning point
of history
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for our nation and the world.
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♪
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For the first time
in all human history
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we have the opportunity
to bring people together
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across the planet
in common cause for common good.
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We live in an age
of interdependence.
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But that can be good or bad.
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It simply means that we cannot
escape each other.
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Last year I read a book
that described the way
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the world works in ways
better than I can.
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The title of this book
is "Nonzero,"
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the author is Robert Wright,
and if you haven't read it
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I urge you to get it,
and read it.
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♪
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If you look at the progression
of human history there's
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an experiment involving how
broadly can people collaborate,
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to what extent can
different kinds of people
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separated by great distance
get together and solve problems,
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pursue common interests
without succumbing
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to the darker side
of human nature
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that might lead the planet
to dissolve into chaos.
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[keyboard clicking]
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♪
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Gosh, you know, you look
at all of human history
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and you have, you know,
a good like, 40,000 years
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of just talking face-to-face
interaction, and then you get
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the first writing, and then,
just a few thousand years later,
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in the grand scheme of things
just a few thousand years,
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right, you get the printing
press, and then 500 years
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you get electronic communication
and then, you know,
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now it just-- gosh,
every day there's probably
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five or six new applications
that are of some significance.
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At least once a year or maybe
once every other year
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we get a big one, you know,
Twitter, Facebook, YouTube,
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and it changes the way
everybody's connecting.
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♪
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You've gotta tell us
before we look at this video
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what is an internet,
would you mind just, you know,
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sharing that with us for the--
for the four or five people
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that don't know what an internet
is would you tell us?
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Uh, I don't believe we have
the time to go into that.
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Okay, so, uh, this internet
thing gets its start
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from an experiment
that was done in 1969
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to design something called
the Advanced Research Projects
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Agency Network.
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The internet is defined
in different ways
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by different people.
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For me,
as an engineer,
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it starts out being a set
of standards for communication,
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that if you observe
those standards,
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if you implement those
standards, then all kinds
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of devices and networks
can be made to interwork.
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So the internet was literally
that, a system for connecting
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between networks, uh, supporting
inter-net transportation
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of information.
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♪
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It is now possible,
in theory, to communicate
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with every human being
on the planet.
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One way of thinking about
the 21st century world
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is exactly a world
that is ever more connected
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through the internet.
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But then if you're
disconnected, you are more
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isolated than ever before.
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Thank you, very much,
very happy to be here
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and present a $100 laptop
that we have invented at MIT
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and worked jointly
with a nonprofit
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whose job will be to make these
and distribute them
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to developing countries
around the world
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on the basis of one laptop
per child,
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and...thank you.
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[applause]
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♪
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♪
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♪
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One Laptop Per Child
is about eliminating poverty
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by providing primary education
to the poorest
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and most remote kids
in the world.
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And the way we achieve it
is by giving them
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connected laptops, each one
that they own, they take home,
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they use for school,
they use it for play,
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they use it for everything
in their life seamlessly.
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It's a window
to the rest of the world.
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♪
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♪
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[donkey braying]
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[car engine whirring]
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[singing in foreign language]
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♪
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We're at a cusp in history
that has to do with
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how you learn.
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For the past 200 years
we've assumed
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that the way you learn
is you go to school,
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and that somebody teaches you,
and it's the first time
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that learning can happen
without teaching.
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That, sort of, cusp happened
because of computing,
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because of the internet,
because of interactivity,
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because of a lot of things.
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And so you add that to the fact
that the world right now
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is in a situation where as many
300, 400 million children
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around the world aren't
getting any education,
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they don't go to school,
and so you have to leverage
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the children, you can't just
train more teachers
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and build schools,
you've got to go back,
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and say to yourself, well,
can the children be part of this
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versus just the objects
of teaching.
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♪
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[chicken clucking]
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[electronic sound effects]
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[laughing]
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♪
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♪
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[singing in foreign language]
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♪
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♪
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[water running]
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[car engine whirring]
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[radio chatter]
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♪
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♪
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♪
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The idea is quite simple,
let a child learn mathematics
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by speaking in mathematics
about things
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that really matter to him.
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So at MIT we've given computers
the power to turn motors,
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to make sounds,
to draw pictures,
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and we've found ways
of giving children
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the power to control
the computer.
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So that the child can make
the computer do anything
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that he can describe
in a suitable
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mathematical language by typing
on a keyboard like this.
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The initial ideas came
in the late 1960s
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00:17:26,183 --> 00:17:29,841
and early '70s when a man
named Seymour Papert
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00:17:29,876 --> 00:17:33,707
made a very simple observation
and that was that children
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learn differently when
they write computer programs
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because the act of writing
a computer program
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is the closest you can come
to thinking about thinking.
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What produces involvement,
engagement,
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what grabs the individual?
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Education has very little
to do with explanation,
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it has to do with engagement,
with falling in love
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with the material.
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Seymour Papert was a student
of Piaget's back
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in the late '50s, early '60s,
and he got a--
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this idea in his head
that computation's
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a thing to think with.
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♪
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The simplest way I know
of to talk about learning
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is you learn through doing.
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So if you want more learning,
you want more doing.
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It's really that simple.
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What Seymour brought to this
was this idea of the children
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constructing knowledge,
not just receiving knowledge,
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having the computer be
a wonderful vehicle,
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or catalyst, or haven
for that kind of construction.
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And, uh, then for the next
40 years, uh, at MIT
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we were exploring the space
and doing pilots.
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With One Laptop Per Child,
we said, you know what, enough,
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we can do pilot,
after pilot, after pilot
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but now it's time to actually
get these ideas into the world.
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So One Laptop Per Child
is all about how do you take
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40 years worth of research
around technology and learning
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and bring it to scale.
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The telecommunications was
ready, the computers were ready,
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the internet existed
quite widely spread,
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and the time was right
in the beginning of 2005
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to build a laptop that was
child centric, affordable,
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connected, and something
that could be read in the sun,
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and was very robust,
and that is the evolution.
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♪
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♪
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Well, there've been a couple
of waves in human history
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of globalization.
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This is probably the third
or fourth wave of globalization,
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and every time, uh,
it occurred, people thought
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the world was becoming one.
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I think this time it may
actually be happening.
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Uh, the ease
of international travel,
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the ease of international
communications,
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and the ease
of international commerce,
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uh, are much, much greater
than they were
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20 years ago, 30 years ago.
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And so we begin now to think,
really, as a global society,
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which we didn't before.
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♪
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Almost everyone comes
to the conclusion
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that whatever their time
is is a critical time
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in human history, so I'm not
sure that I would buy
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an absolute argument.
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But I think it's fair to say
that we're at a tipping point
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in terms of people's access
to computer-based information,
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to computer-mediated
communication.
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♪
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With about a quarter
of the world's population
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online in one form or another,
there is something fairly major
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happening in, uh,
our information society,
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if you like.
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♪
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There are an estimated
1.8 billion people online.
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There are about
740 million in Asia,
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250 million in North America,
450 million in Europe,
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and the numbers get smaller
in other parts of the world.
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The interesting thing
is that as we get
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more and more of the population
up on the internet,
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the avenues for interaction
will become much richer,
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and here I am not capable
of predicting
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what the outcome will be
when six billion people
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are online, sharing their
knowledge with each other,
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so I don't see this as being
a particularly distinct point
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in human history, but I do
see this as an evolution,
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an unfolding of our ways
of communicating
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with each other.
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♪
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I think this is a critical time
in the history of humanity
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because for the first time
people are
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00:22:40,945 --> 00:22:43,810
going to be coming together
from every corner of the world
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00:22:43,845 --> 00:22:46,779
and be able to engage in direct
conversation with each other.
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I think it's really exciting
to think about having
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amazing new cultural influences
and ideas flowing
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00:22:52,301 --> 00:22:54,718
all around the world
from different cultures.
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00:22:54,752 --> 00:22:57,755
In the next 5, 10,
15, 20 years,
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the rest of the world
is gonna come online.
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The next billion people,
the next two billion people
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are going to come online,
and for the first time
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we're going to be hearing
directly from people
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we have not heard
from before.
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♪
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♪
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00:23:28,648 --> 00:23:33,515
♪
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00:24:09,137 --> 00:24:11,070
[singing in foreign language]
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00:24:49,971 --> 00:24:51,904
[engine whirring]
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00:25:24,868 --> 00:25:30,011
♪
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00:25:30,011 --> 00:25:34,878
♪
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00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:39,174
[thudding]
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00:27:46,112 --> 00:27:48,597
[bell clanging]
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00:28:06,615 --> 00:28:10,378
♪
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00:28:40,615 --> 00:28:43,031
♪
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00:29:12,233 --> 00:29:15,201
[keys clacking]
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00:29:15,236 --> 00:29:23,520
♪
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00:29:23,554 --> 00:29:28,076
If we project any sort
of democratic world,
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00:29:28,111 --> 00:29:31,666
we have to assume that
education and learning
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00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:34,980
to think differently,
and that means learning
249
00:29:35,014 --> 00:29:40,709
to learn how to think is going
to be an essential contribution,
250
00:29:40,744 --> 00:29:43,091
maybe the essential
contribution to that.
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00:29:43,126 --> 00:29:45,680
The more people are capable
of rational, critical thinking,
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00:29:45,714 --> 00:29:49,270
the better the world will be.
253
00:29:49,304 --> 00:29:51,134
The more they have access
to knowledge
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00:29:51,168 --> 00:29:53,688
about the rest of the world,
the better the world will be.
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00:29:53,722 --> 00:29:57,209
♪
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00:30:22,061 --> 00:30:23,304
[children yelling]
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00:30:44,256 --> 00:30:49,399
♪
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00:30:49,399 --> 00:30:54,266
♪
259
00:31:11,628 --> 00:31:15,321
[birds chirping]
260
00:31:15,356 --> 00:31:17,530
It's always too tempting to say
we're at a critical time,
261
00:31:17,565 --> 00:31:19,636
because then the numbers
of critical times
262
00:31:19,670 --> 00:31:21,569
start to accumulate,
and you think
263
00:31:21,603 --> 00:31:23,295
you're always
at a critical time.
264
00:31:23,329 --> 00:31:27,506
But we're certainly at a point
when, I think, a lot of people
265
00:31:27,540 --> 00:31:30,267
think that something
has gone amiss.
266
00:31:30,302 --> 00:31:33,753
We're at a fundamental change
in the way we communicate,
267
00:31:33,788 --> 00:31:40,760
and it's time to step back
and take stock and see
268
00:31:40,795 --> 00:31:43,832
where things have gone right,
and where things
269
00:31:43,867 --> 00:31:44,903
maybe haven't gone right.
270
00:31:44,937 --> 00:31:48,803
♪
271
00:31:52,703 --> 00:31:54,740
Just because we grew up
with the internet,
272
00:31:54,774 --> 00:31:56,880
we think that the internet
is all grown up.
273
00:31:56,915 --> 00:31:58,088
Which is not true.
274
00:31:58,123 --> 00:32:01,022
The internet is
in very early days,
275
00:32:01,057 --> 00:32:05,854
but we've had it long enough
to be able to say, you know,
276
00:32:05,889 --> 00:32:07,753
What about the way
we now communicate
277
00:32:07,787 --> 00:32:10,963
with each other
seems to be enhancing,
278
00:32:10,998 --> 00:32:14,104
and what about the way
we now communicate
279
00:32:14,139 --> 00:32:17,590
with each other seems to be
taking things away from us
280
00:32:17,625 --> 00:32:20,007
that are nourishing?
281
00:32:20,041 --> 00:32:20,869
[rustling]
282
00:33:11,990 --> 00:33:14,923
[birds chirping]
283
00:33:23,242 --> 00:33:26,832
[clanking]
284
00:33:26,866 --> 00:33:29,800
[guinea pigs squealing]
285
00:34:16,088 --> 00:34:19,022
[knife grating on stone]
286
00:34:23,130 --> 00:34:25,787
[water splashing]
287
00:34:31,586 --> 00:34:34,520
[sizzling]
288
00:35:28,574 --> 00:35:31,681
Sunshine, our temperature
44 degrees, relative humidity
289
00:35:31,715 --> 00:35:34,097
at 82 percent, wind out
of the west-southwest
290
00:35:34,132 --> 00:35:35,271
at five to ten.
291
00:35:35,305 --> 00:35:38,412
Again, it's 44 degrees,
high of 52 later today.
292
00:35:38,446 --> 00:35:42,312
[inaudible]
293
00:35:42,347 --> 00:35:44,797
Here's what you need to know
about the bridges and tunnels.
294
00:35:44,832 --> 00:35:47,766
[inaudible]
295
00:35:49,837 --> 00:35:51,528
15 minutes on the inbound
Holland tunnel,
296
00:35:51,563 --> 00:35:53,634
about five to ten
on the--
297
00:35:53,668 --> 00:35:57,396
The 2nd Avenue subway project
is not hazardous to your health,
298
00:35:57,431 --> 00:35:59,640
that's according to
an air-quality study.
299
00:35:59,674 --> 00:36:01,504
Using a cell phone
while driving in any form
300
00:36:01,538 --> 00:36:02,677
should be banned.
301
00:36:02,712 --> 00:36:03,954
That was the unanimous
recommendation today
302
00:36:03,989 --> 00:36:05,956
of the National Transportation
Safety Board.
303
00:36:05,991 --> 00:36:07,717
♪
304
00:36:07,751 --> 00:36:09,684
Every place on the planet
is associated
305
00:36:09,719 --> 00:36:12,135
with a latitude and longitude,
which also means that, like,
306
00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:14,448
every person has a latitude
and longitude assigned to them
307
00:36:14,482 --> 00:36:16,622
at a given moment,
every experience,
308
00:36:16,657 --> 00:36:18,521
or every story,
or every little, you know,
309
00:36:18,555 --> 00:36:20,419
nugget of information
discovered about a place
310
00:36:20,454 --> 00:36:22,007
has a latitude and longitude.
311
00:36:22,041 --> 00:36:24,043
People generally use Foursquare
to check into places,
312
00:36:24,078 --> 00:36:25,942
and they're parks
and restaurants
313
00:36:25,976 --> 00:36:29,083
and libraries and museums
and bars, and when people
314
00:36:29,117 --> 00:36:31,050
check into places,
we use that to, you know,
315
00:36:31,085 --> 00:36:33,294
broadcast your location,
"Hey, I'm here.
316
00:36:33,329 --> 00:36:35,227
You know, if anyone's around,
come and find me."
317
00:36:35,262 --> 00:36:37,505
And then from there,
it allows people to, you know,
318
00:36:37,540 --> 00:36:39,024
to figure out like,
well, what's next.
319
00:36:39,058 --> 00:36:41,026
Is there something interesting
nearby that I should know about?
320
00:36:41,060 --> 00:36:43,684
It's like, let's build things
that leverage
321
00:36:43,718 --> 00:36:46,100
all the interesting stuff that's
going on with social media,
322
00:36:46,134 --> 00:36:48,758
to help people, you know,
put the screens away,
323
00:36:48,792 --> 00:36:50,138
and go out and actually
and discover things
324
00:36:50,173 --> 00:36:52,106
that they haven't
discovered before.
325
00:36:52,140 --> 00:36:56,179
What's really the heart
of how the internet
326
00:36:56,214 --> 00:36:59,182
is going to change everything
in the future,
327
00:36:59,217 --> 00:37:03,738
is how things in the real world
change because people
328
00:37:03,773 --> 00:37:07,501
are connected, and so,
Meetup is a simple idea,
329
00:37:07,535 --> 00:37:10,987
which is, how do people
self-organize a local gathering
330
00:37:11,021 --> 00:37:12,920
about anything, anywhere?
331
00:37:12,954 --> 00:37:18,236
♪
332
00:37:18,270 --> 00:37:20,755
I think the most powerful
and interesting form
333
00:37:20,790 --> 00:37:22,654
of how community is going
to take shape
334
00:37:22,688 --> 00:37:26,244
in the coming years
is how people
335
00:37:26,278 --> 00:37:29,523
who have a common interest,
common passion, common need,
336
00:37:29,557 --> 00:37:31,594
they have a common diagnosis,
whatever it is,
337
00:37:31,628 --> 00:37:34,597
that, now that they can connect
and they can connect locally,
338
00:37:34,631 --> 00:37:37,738
more easily, you're gonna have
communities emerge,
339
00:37:37,772 --> 00:37:40,775
and there's no such thing,
I think, as a real--real,
340
00:37:40,810 --> 00:37:43,433
sustainable community unless
people are seeing each other
341
00:37:43,468 --> 00:37:44,434
face to face.
342
00:37:44,469 --> 00:37:52,131
♪
343
00:37:52,166 --> 00:37:53,719
A community, it's interesting.
344
00:37:53,754 --> 00:37:57,033
I try not to let my students
345
00:37:57,067 --> 00:38:00,554
use the word community in class,
because it's such
346
00:38:00,588 --> 00:38:03,315
an evocative and descriptive
word that it actually allows
347
00:38:03,350 --> 00:38:06,456
people who mean two
very different things,
348
00:38:06,491 --> 00:38:09,321
to pretend that they're talking
about the same thing.
349
00:38:09,356 --> 00:38:13,256
So, a community, if you look
and you know,
350
00:38:13,291 --> 00:38:14,499
find some
dictionary definition,
351
00:38:14,533 --> 00:38:16,155
there's about a dozen
different definitions
352
00:38:16,190 --> 00:38:19,158
of community, all the way down
to, kind of,
353
00:38:19,193 --> 00:38:23,335
Grover's Corners-style little
town, U.S.A., where everybody
354
00:38:23,370 --> 00:38:25,372
knows everybody,
all the way up to
355
00:38:25,406 --> 00:38:27,270
the community
of French speakers.
356
00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:28,858
Very different.
357
00:38:28,892 --> 00:38:31,619
The breakdown
of traditional community
358
00:38:31,654 --> 00:38:33,207
happened in the past.
359
00:38:33,241 --> 00:38:37,729
It is indeed the case
that a machine with a screen
360
00:38:37,763 --> 00:38:40,594
was partly responsible
for eroding community,
361
00:38:40,628 --> 00:38:43,044
but it wasn't a machine
with a keyboard, right,
362
00:38:43,079 --> 00:38:45,702
the rise of television,
coupled with suburbanization,
363
00:38:45,737 --> 00:38:49,465
and a bunch of other factors,
correlates really strongly
364
00:38:49,499 --> 00:38:51,570
with the decay
in social capital.
365
00:38:51,605 --> 00:38:54,090
One of the things, I think it
falls to our generation to do,
366
00:38:54,124 --> 00:38:56,644
is to figure out how
to get that back
367
00:38:56,679 --> 00:38:58,025
in a modern context.
368
00:38:58,059 --> 00:39:00,061
We plainly never go back
to white-picket fences
369
00:39:00,096 --> 00:39:04,514
and small-town life,
but we have things like Meetup,
370
00:39:04,549 --> 00:39:08,553
we have things like Foursquare,
whose existence is predicated
371
00:39:08,587 --> 00:39:11,107
on using these tools
to coordinate
372
00:39:11,141 --> 00:39:13,523
real-world meetings,
not to replace them.
373
00:39:13,558 --> 00:39:17,320
We know we're missing something
in this community.
374
00:39:17,355 --> 00:39:19,909
If we can use these tools
to get some of that back,
375
00:39:19,943 --> 00:39:21,704
we will.
376
00:39:21,738 --> 00:39:24,672
[thumping]
377
00:39:29,643 --> 00:39:30,954
I think what we
normally think of
378
00:39:30,989 --> 00:39:33,336
as community is more like
the feeling of community,
379
00:39:33,371 --> 00:39:35,925
a feeling of being connected,
and that's really what we need
380
00:39:35,959 --> 00:39:40,688
in today's world, because we're
far beyond the time in which
381
00:39:40,723 --> 00:39:43,795
you could sort of say,
"This is a community."
382
00:39:43,829 --> 00:39:45,279
And you could have
defined boundaries to it,
383
00:39:45,313 --> 00:39:47,074
and all the people
in this location
384
00:39:47,108 --> 00:39:48,558
are a community.
385
00:39:48,593 --> 00:39:51,975
We live in a network society
which has fuzzier boundaries,
386
00:39:52,010 --> 00:39:53,356
if you can even talk
about boundaries,
387
00:39:53,391 --> 00:39:57,602
so what we need is a feeling
of community that would allow us
388
00:39:57,636 --> 00:40:00,605
to feel a sense of connection
to people around us.
389
00:40:00,639 --> 00:40:03,435
That community connection
has to extend beyond
390
00:40:03,470 --> 00:40:05,748
just connecting you
to people like you.
391
00:40:05,782 --> 00:40:08,198
There's really no room
for growth of empathy
392
00:40:08,233 --> 00:40:10,442
when you only connect
with people like you.
393
00:40:10,477 --> 00:40:13,238
Empathy grows when you connect
with somebody totally different
394
00:40:13,272 --> 00:40:17,587
from you, and experience a sense
of shared vulnerability
395
00:40:17,622 --> 00:40:18,864
and love for that person.
396
00:40:18,899 --> 00:40:20,521
[rustling]
397
00:40:52,519 --> 00:40:56,074
♪
398
00:40:57,316 --> 00:41:02,321
♪
399
00:41:02,356 --> 00:41:05,601
Well, there they are,
our new electronic media,
400
00:41:05,635 --> 00:41:07,430
or, our new gadgets.
401
00:41:07,465 --> 00:41:10,122
You push a button,
the world's yours.
402
00:41:10,157 --> 00:41:12,470
You know how they talk
about the world getting smaller?
403
00:41:12,504 --> 00:41:14,679
Well, it's thanks to these
that it is.
404
00:41:14,713 --> 00:41:17,336
Everywhere is now
our own neighborhood.
405
00:41:17,371 --> 00:41:19,787
But not only is the world
getting smaller,
406
00:41:19,822 --> 00:41:21,962
becoming more available
and more familiar,
407
00:41:21,996 --> 00:41:24,620
to our minds
and to our emotions,
408
00:41:24,654 --> 00:41:28,106
the world is now
a global village.
409
00:41:28,140 --> 00:41:30,660
A global village.
410
00:41:30,695 --> 00:41:32,938
With me now is Marshall McLuhan.
411
00:41:32,973 --> 00:41:35,009
These new media powers
have made our world
412
00:41:35,044 --> 00:41:37,046
into a single unit.
413
00:41:37,080 --> 00:41:39,186
The world is now like
a continually sounding
414
00:41:39,220 --> 00:41:42,534
tribal groan, where everybody
gets the message, all the time.
415
00:41:42,569 --> 00:41:44,294
A princess gets married
in England,
416
00:41:44,329 --> 00:41:46,469
and boom, boom, boom,
go the drums,
417
00:41:46,504 --> 00:41:47,953
we all hear about it.
418
00:41:47,988 --> 00:41:50,231
Why Marshall, do you use
the word "tribal"?
419
00:41:50,266 --> 00:41:53,338
Well, I think you'll find
everything we observe tonight
420
00:41:53,372 --> 00:41:55,651
about the media,
points in the direction
421
00:41:55,685 --> 00:41:59,206
of tribal man and away
from individual man.
422
00:41:59,240 --> 00:42:02,209
Involuntarily, we're getting
rid of individualism.
423
00:42:02,243 --> 00:42:04,245
We're in the process
of making a tribe.
424
00:42:04,280 --> 00:42:08,664
We are no longer so concerned
with self-definition,
425
00:42:08,698 --> 00:42:10,769
with finding our own
individual way.
426
00:42:10,804 --> 00:42:12,460
We're more concerned
with what the group knows,
427
00:42:12,495 --> 00:42:14,877
of feeling as it does,
of acting with it,
428
00:42:14,911 --> 00:42:16,395
not apart from it.
429
00:42:16,430 --> 00:42:19,916
[crowd noises]
430
00:42:19,951 --> 00:42:21,849
The history of civilization
in seven words is:
431
00:42:24,887 --> 00:42:27,821
And what the internet does
is it allows
432
00:42:27,855 --> 00:42:31,238
many, many more people
to pool many more
433
00:42:31,272 --> 00:42:33,792
kinds of resources
in a wild variety
434
00:42:33,827 --> 00:42:34,655
of new ways.
435
00:42:34,690 --> 00:42:36,381
[cascading rustling noise]
436
00:42:36,415 --> 00:42:38,348
Because we can get
dynamic information
437
00:42:38,383 --> 00:42:40,212
about the resources
you've got access to,
438
00:42:40,247 --> 00:42:42,525
and the resources
I've got access to,
439
00:42:42,560 --> 00:42:43,837
we can actually
share them better
440
00:42:43,871 --> 00:42:45,942
than we used to be able to.
441
00:42:45,977 --> 00:42:49,497
The techies got there first,
as so often happens, right.
442
00:42:49,532 --> 00:42:51,948
Linus Torvalds pops up
in 1991, says he wants
443
00:42:51,983 --> 00:42:53,674
to build an operating system.
444
00:42:53,709 --> 00:42:56,263
Linus was the first person
to realize he could use
445
00:42:56,297 --> 00:42:59,231
the entire world
as his talent pool,
446
00:42:59,266 --> 00:43:03,615
and that, the opportunity
to, in an instant,
447
00:43:03,650 --> 00:43:07,930
reach into that and get hold
of the collective imagination,
448
00:43:07,964 --> 00:43:10,622
the collective wisdom,
the collective knowledge,
449
00:43:10,657 --> 00:43:13,694
that kind of weaving together
of things, is moving
450
00:43:13,729 --> 00:43:16,179
from, you know, we can build
an encyclopedia,
451
00:43:16,214 --> 00:43:17,456
we can build
an operating system,
452
00:43:17,491 --> 00:43:20,390
right, the famous,
the famously virtual examples,
453
00:43:20,425 --> 00:43:21,944
it's moving into the real world.
454
00:43:21,978 --> 00:43:27,743
♪
455
00:43:27,777 --> 00:43:29,227
The interweaving
of mobile phones
456
00:43:29,261 --> 00:43:30,849
and the internet, the fact
that they're no longer
457
00:43:30,884 --> 00:43:32,644
separate networks,
but they're really now,
458
00:43:32,679 --> 00:43:35,992
genuinely tied together
means that we have,
459
00:43:36,027 --> 00:43:37,511
for the first time
in human history,
460
00:43:37,545 --> 00:43:40,307
the majority of adults
on the planet
461
00:43:40,341 --> 00:43:42,654
are part of a single,
connected grid.
462
00:43:42,689 --> 00:43:46,209
There's a generation of people
who simply think,
463
00:43:46,244 --> 00:43:48,902
"We can accomplish things
our elders didn't,
464
00:43:48,936 --> 00:43:52,595
because we have tools
and networks and agreements
465
00:43:52,630 --> 00:43:56,323
among ourselves to act
and behave in a different way."
466
00:43:56,357 --> 00:43:58,636
Because of things
like Facebook and Twitter,
467
00:43:58,670 --> 00:44:00,603
and even the software
that came before them,
468
00:44:00,638 --> 00:44:02,778
there's millions of people,
hundreds of millions of people,
469
00:44:02,812 --> 00:44:04,987
that are trained to use
this type of software now.
470
00:44:05,021 --> 00:44:06,954
So, all the stars
kind of align,
471
00:44:06,989 --> 00:44:08,404
and allow you to do things
that we just--
472
00:44:08,438 --> 00:44:10,061
we've never been able
to do before.
473
00:44:26,974 --> 00:44:33,360
♪
474
00:44:33,394 --> 00:44:37,985
A large part of what is emerging
out of the Arab Spring,
475
00:44:38,020 --> 00:44:42,196
is a new generation
who has grown up
476
00:44:42,231 --> 00:44:44,682
with the technology
and the possibilities
477
00:44:44,716 --> 00:44:47,477
that the technology creates
in a world
478
00:44:47,512 --> 00:44:50,377
that is radically different
from their parents'.
479
00:44:50,411 --> 00:44:52,862
What is clear is that
what's really driving
480
00:44:52,897 --> 00:44:55,209
these revolutions
is not technology,
481
00:44:55,244 --> 00:44:58,730
what's driving these revolutions
is the desire of millions
482
00:44:58,765 --> 00:45:00,663
of people for change.
483
00:45:00,698 --> 00:45:05,564
What's facilitating it
is the ease of the technology
484
00:45:05,599 --> 00:45:07,428
and the speed
of the technology.
485
00:45:07,463 --> 00:45:10,121
What a Facebook page does is,
at one glance, you realize,
486
00:45:10,155 --> 00:45:13,641
"Oh, my god, there's
70,000 people, or,
487
00:45:13,676 --> 00:45:16,748
700,000 people who feel
the same way I do.
488
00:45:16,783 --> 00:45:19,199
So, maybe together,
we can do something."
489
00:45:19,233 --> 00:45:21,822
That's again, why it is
a turning point
490
00:45:21,857 --> 00:45:23,341
in human history.
491
00:45:23,375 --> 00:45:26,758
This generation starts
from connections,
492
00:45:26,793 --> 00:45:28,760
starts from the assumption
that you are
493
00:45:28,795 --> 00:45:30,762
inextricably connected
to others,
494
00:45:30,797 --> 00:45:32,212
and that changes
the way we think
495
00:45:32,246 --> 00:45:33,316
about what is possible.
496
00:45:33,351 --> 00:45:36,009
♪
497
00:45:36,043 --> 00:45:39,598
The ability of the human race
to innovate,
498
00:45:39,633 --> 00:45:42,636
to surprise each other
with things that are both
499
00:45:42,670 --> 00:45:46,398
unexpected and practical,
things that can change the world
500
00:45:46,433 --> 00:45:48,676
for the better, is going
to be increased,
501
00:45:48,711 --> 00:45:51,024
because we can get more ideas
from more people,
502
00:45:51,058 --> 00:45:54,165
crossing more wires
in more ways.
503
00:45:54,199 --> 00:45:56,788
We've got bigger problems,
but we've also got
504
00:45:56,823 --> 00:45:59,032
a bigger network
of potential solvers
505
00:45:59,066 --> 00:46:02,276
of those problems,
and I'm hopeful
506
00:46:02,311 --> 00:46:05,486
that we can use that network
to get those people
507
00:46:05,521 --> 00:46:06,971
tuned into each other,
and thinking
508
00:46:07,005 --> 00:46:08,731
on all of our behalves.
509
00:46:08,766 --> 00:46:11,734
[motor chugging]
510
00:46:11,769 --> 00:46:14,185
♪
511
00:46:36,172 --> 00:46:42,316
♪
512
00:46:42,351 --> 00:46:44,663
[beeping]
513
00:47:22,184 --> 00:47:25,152
[generator starting]
514
00:47:25,187 --> 00:47:27,568
♪
515
00:47:33,022 --> 00:47:37,578
[beeping]
516
00:47:37,613 --> 00:47:41,030
[motor running]
517
00:47:41,065 --> 00:47:43,999
[animal noises]
518
00:48:52,377 --> 00:48:55,725
[insects chirping]
519
00:48:55,760 --> 00:48:56,692
[phone ringing]
520
00:49:04,942 --> 00:49:05,839
Yeah.
521
00:49:08,842 --> 00:49:09,912
Okay, Bari.
522
00:49:09,947 --> 00:49:10,948
Okay.
523
00:49:10,982 --> 00:49:13,709
♪
524
00:49:17,920 --> 00:49:22,373
♪
525
00:49:51,471 --> 00:50:05,761
♪
526
00:50:05,795 --> 00:50:08,729
[birds chirping]
527
00:51:06,546 --> 00:51:09,480
[rain falling]
528
00:51:09,514 --> 00:51:22,596
♪
529
00:51:22,631 --> 00:51:26,807
If this were 1845,
you would be making a movie
530
00:51:26,842 --> 00:51:29,396
about the telegraph,
and you would be so excited
531
00:51:29,431 --> 00:51:30,777
about this.
532
00:51:30,811 --> 00:51:34,125
First of all, the signals
on the telegraph go as fast
533
00:51:34,160 --> 00:51:36,403
as the speed
of light in a wire.
534
00:51:36,438 --> 00:51:38,405
Now, do you know
how much faster that is
535
00:51:38,440 --> 00:51:41,408
than a horse running,
or a train going?
536
00:51:41,443 --> 00:51:44,204
You'd be saying, "Whoa,
we won't have wars anymore,
537
00:51:44,239 --> 00:51:46,620
because people can
communicate instantaneously
538
00:51:46,655 --> 00:51:47,794
with each other."
539
00:51:47,828 --> 00:51:51,177
Now, we all know that,
subsequently, there were
540
00:51:51,211 --> 00:51:53,075
major World Wars
that have happened,
541
00:51:53,110 --> 00:51:54,766
and all kinds of other,
terrible things,
542
00:51:54,801 --> 00:51:57,390
despite the fact that we have
increasing amounts
543
00:51:57,424 --> 00:51:59,702
of communication
and connectivity.
544
00:51:59,737 --> 00:52:01,877
So, there is no guarantee,
that just because
545
00:52:01,911 --> 00:52:04,500
you can communicate,
that you will agree,
546
00:52:04,535 --> 00:52:07,296
and the consequence of that
is sometimes tension,
547
00:52:07,331 --> 00:52:09,160
disagreement, and conflict.
548
00:52:09,195 --> 00:52:12,543
Technology does not solve
all problems.
549
00:52:12,577 --> 00:52:16,133
In fact, it creates some,
the internet is now an avenue
550
00:52:16,167 --> 00:52:18,687
for harm as well as good.
551
00:52:18,721 --> 00:52:21,552
Disappointing as that is,
it's also a manifestation
552
00:52:21,586 --> 00:52:22,725
of human nature.
553
00:52:22,760 --> 00:52:32,804
♪
554
00:52:32,804 --> 00:52:42,089
♪
555
00:52:58,002 --> 00:52:59,935
[humming]
556
00:53:06,286 --> 00:53:09,910
♪ It's a lonely, it's a lonely,
it's a lonely ♪
557
00:53:16,158 --> 00:53:18,229
[rustling]
558
00:53:18,264 --> 00:53:20,231
[singing in foreign language]
559
00:53:20,266 --> 00:53:27,134
♪
560
00:53:39,043 --> 00:53:48,984
♪
561
00:53:49,018 --> 00:53:57,234
Connectedness does risk
erasing difference,
562
00:53:57,268 --> 00:54:05,103
in that the very exchange
of ideas and flow of cultures
563
00:54:05,138 --> 00:54:11,248
can...overwhelm
cultural differences
564
00:54:11,282 --> 00:54:17,046
that have taken millennia
to develop and again,
565
00:54:17,081 --> 00:54:22,707
that are the diversity
that makes the world
566
00:54:22,742 --> 00:54:23,708
so interesting.
567
00:54:25,400 --> 00:54:29,127
There's a trend toward
homogeneity in societies.
568
00:54:29,162 --> 00:54:30,957
And as you go
around the world,
569
00:54:30,991 --> 00:54:34,547
cities are beginning
to look like each other.
570
00:54:34,581 --> 00:54:37,653
You're finding the same
stores and the same restaurants
571
00:54:37,688 --> 00:54:39,655
and the same products.
572
00:54:39,690 --> 00:54:44,211
And people are doing more
of the same kinds of things.
573
00:54:44,246 --> 00:54:45,351
Wherever you go
in the world,
574
00:54:45,385 --> 00:54:47,594
the world is becoming
more similar.
575
00:54:47,629 --> 00:54:53,738
♪
576
00:54:53,773 --> 00:54:56,879
It's not very popular
to question why
577
00:54:56,914 --> 00:54:58,950
we're holding
onto these things,
578
00:54:58,985 --> 00:55:01,884
but we have to question it.
579
00:55:01,919 --> 00:55:06,924
Because sometimes, you do that
in a very paternalistic way
580
00:55:06,958 --> 00:55:09,236
where you say,
"Well, that culture
581
00:55:09,271 --> 00:55:13,517
is something we shouldn't
disturb, because their identity
582
00:55:13,551 --> 00:55:15,277
is so strong
and the fact that
583
00:55:15,312 --> 00:55:16,761
they're poor,
and they're not learning,
584
00:55:16,796 --> 00:55:19,799
and they don't have medicine,
it's better to leave it alone."
585
00:55:19,833 --> 00:55:21,007
The world is changing.
586
00:55:21,041 --> 00:55:23,527
The numbers of languages
are reducing,
587
00:55:23,561 --> 00:55:27,151
and there will be a time
where we will be one race
588
00:55:27,185 --> 00:55:28,221
speaking one language.
589
00:55:28,255 --> 00:55:29,567
Maybe that'll take
1,000 years,
590
00:55:29,602 --> 00:55:31,293
maybe it'll take
5,000 years,
591
00:55:31,328 --> 00:55:32,639
maybe it'll take
500 years.
592
00:55:32,674 --> 00:55:33,709
I don't know
what it's gonna take.
593
00:55:33,744 --> 00:55:35,470
But that's where we're headed.
594
00:55:35,504 --> 00:55:42,994
♪
595
00:55:43,029 --> 00:55:45,825
The story of human history
has been the extinction
596
00:55:45,859 --> 00:55:47,930
of indigenous traditions.
597
00:55:47,965 --> 00:55:53,557
The capacity to preserve
the elements of the tradition
598
00:55:53,591 --> 00:55:55,835
is richer than it's been.
599
00:55:55,869 --> 00:55:57,457
There's no need
for any language
600
00:55:57,492 --> 00:55:59,839
that exists now
to recede from human memory
601
00:55:59,873 --> 00:56:00,667
ever again.
602
00:56:00,702 --> 00:56:02,428
We can capture
them digitally.
603
00:56:02,462 --> 00:56:05,362
But, there is the fact
that time and again
604
00:56:05,396 --> 00:56:12,334
when indigenous people
have been faced with...
605
00:56:12,369 --> 00:56:15,406
the modern world, they find
parts of it attractive.
606
00:56:15,441 --> 00:56:17,028
The story of humanity
is the story
607
00:56:17,063 --> 00:56:19,721
of cultural traditions
disappearing
608
00:56:19,755 --> 00:56:21,757
by human choice,
609
00:56:21,792 --> 00:56:24,208
by people abandoning
those traditions.
610
00:56:24,242 --> 00:56:29,386
♪
611
00:56:29,386 --> 00:56:34,252
♪
612
00:58:43,312 --> 00:58:45,970
I no longer can speak
for One Laptop per Child,
613
00:58:46,005 --> 00:58:47,869
I can only speak
for myself.
614
00:58:47,903 --> 00:58:50,457
Our goal was to
give every child
615
00:58:50,492 --> 00:58:52,494
an opportunity to learn.
616
00:58:52,529 --> 00:58:55,428
And we had a means
to that goal,
617
00:58:55,462 --> 00:58:57,775
which was a connected
laptop that every child
618
00:58:57,810 --> 00:59:02,193
would have running
great software for learning.
619
00:59:02,228 --> 00:59:05,093
So, we built a laptop,
and we started getting
620
00:59:05,127 --> 00:59:06,577
it out into the world.
621
00:59:06,612 --> 00:59:07,820
We're not there yet.
622
00:59:07,854 --> 00:59:09,580
It's gonna take time,
and it's gonna take time
623
00:59:09,615 --> 00:59:12,721
for the teachers
to become comfortable with this,
624
00:59:12,756 --> 00:59:15,206
and it's gonna take time
for the curricular goals
625
00:59:15,241 --> 00:59:18,002
to evolve so that they
make room for this,
626
00:59:18,037 --> 00:59:19,590
and even though
there are deficiencies,
627
00:59:19,625 --> 00:59:23,180
the vector's pointed
in the right direction.
628
00:59:23,214 --> 00:59:31,982
♪
629
00:59:32,016 --> 00:59:33,984
[singing in foreign language]
630
00:59:34,018 --> 00:59:39,161
♪
631
00:59:39,161 --> 00:59:44,028
♪
632
01:00:14,541 --> 01:00:19,892
♪
633
01:00:43,950 --> 01:00:44,882
[laughing]
634
01:00:57,308 --> 01:01:03,038
♪
635
01:01:07,387 --> 01:01:09,320
[birds chirping]
636
01:02:44,139 --> 01:02:45,209
What is a friend?
637
01:02:45,244 --> 01:02:47,764
What is a friend?
638
01:02:47,798 --> 01:02:49,317
What is a friend?
639
01:02:49,351 --> 01:02:50,697
Where do you
come up with these questions?
640
01:02:50,732 --> 01:02:51,284
What is a friend?
641
01:02:51,319 --> 01:02:52,665
Well...
642
01:02:52,699 --> 01:02:53,873
you know, a friend is--
643
01:02:56,255 --> 01:02:58,498
Used to be somebody
you knew really well.
644
01:02:58,533 --> 01:03:03,400
A friend on Facebook
or a friend in reality?
645
01:03:03,434 --> 01:03:05,436
It is funny
that I feel like
646
01:03:05,471 --> 01:03:08,508
I have made friends
virtually with people
647
01:03:08,543 --> 01:03:09,958
I've never met.
648
01:03:15,584 --> 01:03:18,967
Well, a friend is,
first of all, very rare.
649
01:03:19,002 --> 01:03:20,072
What we used
to call a friend
650
01:03:20,106 --> 01:03:22,729
is now what we
would call a really good friend,
651
01:03:22,764 --> 01:03:24,214
somebody you actually
kind of know.
652
01:03:29,288 --> 01:03:31,600
Aristotle was the first,
I'm an academic,
653
01:03:31,635 --> 01:03:33,016
so, I'm required
to take really simple questions
654
01:03:33,050 --> 01:03:35,984
and answer them on absurdly
grandiose historical canvas,
655
01:03:36,019 --> 01:03:37,468
but Aristotle,
he's one of the only
656
01:03:37,503 --> 01:03:40,402
philosophers ever to take
on the concept of friendship
657
01:03:40,437 --> 01:03:43,889
as a salient
human characteristic.
658
01:03:43,923 --> 01:03:49,446
And in his telling,
someone that you had
659
01:03:49,480 --> 01:03:52,829
such a deep association with
that you shared their life
660
01:03:52,863 --> 01:03:55,624
and they shared yours
without other gain,
661
01:03:55,659 --> 01:03:57,281
without also being
in business together,
662
01:03:57,316 --> 01:03:59,697
without also being
romantically attached.
663
01:03:59,732 --> 01:04:03,253
It goes from that
to a friend is someone
664
01:04:03,287 --> 01:04:05,911
who I click the button
on Facebook that says,
665
01:04:05,945 --> 01:04:07,326
"Will you friend this person?"
666
01:04:07,360 --> 01:04:09,984
In that process,
the word "friend"
667
01:04:10,018 --> 01:04:15,472
has become damaged
because it now stretches
668
01:04:15,506 --> 01:04:18,958
to cover really all
kinds of connection.
669
01:04:18,993 --> 01:04:21,409
♪
670
01:04:21,443 --> 01:04:24,067
Does the number
of casual friends, right,
671
01:04:24,101 --> 01:04:27,070
on the long tail of sort
of Facebook connectivity,
672
01:04:27,104 --> 01:04:30,142
does that actually
reduce the number
673
01:04:30,176 --> 01:04:33,248
and depth of our
closest friends?
674
01:04:33,283 --> 01:04:35,526
I remember growing up
with a multi-party
675
01:04:35,561 --> 01:04:37,632
telephone line
and no television.
676
01:04:37,666 --> 01:04:40,497
I'm not nostalgic, necessarily,
for any of that,
677
01:04:40,531 --> 01:04:42,844
and the reason is that
I feel that I am
678
01:04:42,879 --> 01:04:45,295
far more connected
with a larger group of people
679
01:04:45,329 --> 01:04:47,124
now than I ever
could've been in the past.
680
01:04:47,159 --> 01:04:48,160
Hello.
681
01:04:48,194 --> 01:04:49,506
Hello.
682
01:04:49,540 --> 01:04:50,921
The tools that are
available to me
683
01:04:50,956 --> 01:04:55,132
to maintain friendships,
to maintain family relationships
684
01:04:55,167 --> 01:04:58,653
are infinitely more
varied and richer
685
01:04:58,687 --> 01:05:02,312
than anything I had available
in the pre-internet age.
686
01:05:02,346 --> 01:05:06,005
Hello, Isaac.
687
01:05:06,040 --> 01:05:07,938
That's Michael.
688
01:05:07,973 --> 01:05:09,388
Oh, he could see?
689
01:05:09,422 --> 01:05:11,183
Yeah, that's what he sees
when he looks at his screen.
690
01:05:11,217 --> 01:05:12,287
Hi, Michael.
691
01:05:12,322 --> 01:05:15,221
I don't pine for the past
at all.
692
01:05:15,256 --> 01:05:16,947
I'm very happy
to watch this internet
693
01:05:16,982 --> 01:05:19,777
evolve and become
an even better tool for me
694
01:05:19,812 --> 01:05:22,332
to stay connected
with the rest of the population.
695
01:05:22,366 --> 01:05:23,954
You know, sometimes
when I kinda think
696
01:05:23,989 --> 01:05:27,440
I have my iPhone with me,
then realize I don't,
697
01:05:27,475 --> 01:05:28,786
you know, and I need
to check my e-mail,
698
01:05:28,821 --> 01:05:31,686
I wanna check my e-mail,
the moment when I realize
699
01:05:31,720 --> 01:05:34,413
I don't have it,
there's like a thing
700
01:05:34,447 --> 01:05:39,176
in my gut, like,
this feeling of loss, you know?
701
01:05:39,211 --> 01:05:42,421
You're like emotionally
attached to the device itself.
702
01:05:42,455 --> 01:05:45,148
♪
703
01:05:45,182 --> 01:05:46,770
I think it's gonna get
a lot worse.
704
01:05:46,804 --> 01:05:49,428
I think you're gonna see
mainstream uses of people
705
01:05:49,462 --> 01:05:51,326
just on their phones
all the time.
706
01:05:51,361 --> 01:05:53,984
And the things that
they're disappearing to
707
01:05:54,019 --> 01:05:55,779
aren't things that make
their real world experience
708
01:05:55,813 --> 01:05:58,402
any better,
they're distractions.
709
01:05:58,437 --> 01:06:00,749
As these technologies
pile up,
710
01:06:00,784 --> 01:06:02,820
there's a way in which
you can see a future
711
01:06:02,855 --> 01:06:06,376
in which things are even
more radically different.
712
01:06:06,410 --> 01:06:08,378
I think there's a certain way
in which these connections
713
01:06:08,412 --> 01:06:12,761
are becoming easier to make,
and it'll be even easier
714
01:06:12,796 --> 01:06:14,039
in the future.
715
01:06:14,073 --> 01:06:16,041
As these connections
become more automatic,
716
01:06:16,075 --> 01:06:19,320
then, you know,
what happens to our sense
717
01:06:19,354 --> 01:06:20,907
of real connection?
718
01:06:20,942 --> 01:06:28,018
♪
719
01:06:33,817 --> 01:06:40,134
♪
720
01:06:40,168 --> 01:06:43,137
Currently, 68 percent
of the world's population
721
01:06:43,171 --> 01:06:44,552
cannot get online.
722
01:06:44,586 --> 01:06:47,141
That's about
five billion people.
723
01:06:47,175 --> 01:06:49,246
In 2011,
a special repertoire
724
01:06:49,281 --> 01:06:52,146
for the Human Rights Council
of the United Nations
725
01:06:52,180 --> 01:06:53,388
released a report.
726
01:06:53,423 --> 01:06:56,322
In it, he detailed
that access to the internet
727
01:06:56,357 --> 01:06:59,705
is a vital part
of any society,
728
01:06:59,739 --> 01:07:03,502
and every state should
make it a priority
729
01:07:03,536 --> 01:07:05,193
to ensure all their
people are connected
730
01:07:05,228 --> 01:07:06,470
to the internet.
731
01:07:06,505 --> 01:07:08,817
My vision and my dream
is to ensure every person
732
01:07:08,852 --> 01:07:11,337
has access to the internet
as a basic human right.
733
01:07:11,372 --> 01:07:25,524
♪
734
01:07:25,558 --> 01:07:28,009
Many people think
that the internet is the bits,
735
01:07:28,044 --> 01:07:30,115
wires and protocols
that make it work.
736
01:07:30,149 --> 01:07:32,117
It's your wireless
router in your living room.
737
01:07:32,151 --> 01:07:34,119
It's your cell phone
in your pocket.
738
01:07:34,153 --> 01:07:36,121
But that's not
what the internet is to me.
739
01:07:36,155 --> 01:07:38,399
The internet is
this digital civilization
740
01:07:38,433 --> 01:07:40,815
that lives on top of our brick
and mortar civilization
741
01:07:40,849 --> 01:07:42,610
that we live in.
742
01:08:02,354 --> 01:08:09,464
♪
743
01:08:09,499 --> 01:08:13,365
For the first time,
it is theoretically possible
744
01:08:13,399 --> 01:08:16,126
to communicate with
every human being on Earth
745
01:08:16,161 --> 01:08:18,197
and to allow them
to communicate with each other
746
01:08:18,232 --> 01:08:20,648
and to connect them
to the people
747
01:08:20,682 --> 01:08:23,237
and to the knowledge
that they need
748
01:08:23,271 --> 01:08:25,929
to make something
of their own lives.
749
01:08:25,963 --> 01:08:28,552
♪
750
01:08:52,714 --> 01:08:54,682
♪
751
01:08:59,342 --> 01:09:09,386
♪
752
01:09:09,386 --> 01:09:22,606
♪
753
01:09:26,231 --> 01:09:41,073
♪
754
01:11:06,710 --> 01:11:08,643
There are a lot of things
that happen as a result
755
01:11:08,678 --> 01:11:09,817
of having the internet
756
01:11:09,851 --> 01:11:11,612
that are basically
just silly, right?
757
01:11:11,646 --> 01:11:13,372
Kittens on treadmills
on YouTube, right?
758
01:11:13,407 --> 01:11:15,443
It amuses you
for lunch hour.
759
01:11:15,478 --> 01:11:17,825
But it's not exactly
the stuff that civic revolutions
760
01:11:17,859 --> 01:11:19,413
are made of.
761
01:11:19,447 --> 01:11:20,759
And then when you look
back in history
762
01:11:20,793 --> 01:11:22,657
at the printing press,
you see that the stuff
763
01:11:22,692 --> 01:11:26,040
we take for granted now
took decades,
764
01:11:26,074 --> 01:11:28,629
in some cases, centuries
to actually come into being.
765
01:11:28,663 --> 01:11:29,733
The printing press
gets set up.
766
01:11:29,768 --> 01:11:31,459
The first thing
we get, erotic novels.
767
01:11:31,494 --> 01:11:33,944
Somebody's like,
"Hey, I know."
768
01:11:33,979 --> 01:11:36,671
The scientific journals
took another 150 years
769
01:11:36,706 --> 01:11:38,121
to get going.
770
01:11:38,155 --> 01:11:40,296
When you look at things
like Ushahidi,
771
01:11:40,330 --> 01:11:42,884
the crisis mapping service
that sort of takes
772
01:11:42,919 --> 01:11:45,197
what a whole population
knows about a crisis
773
01:11:45,231 --> 01:11:48,234
and turns it into
a map you can see and work with.
774
01:11:48,269 --> 01:11:49,339
Or you look at
PatientsLikeMe
775
01:11:49,374 --> 01:11:52,238
which is trying
to transform medicine
776
01:11:52,273 --> 01:11:55,483
by making the patients
much more active participants.
777
01:11:55,518 --> 01:11:57,692
You see that we have
a chance here
778
01:11:57,727 --> 01:12:00,523
to take these tools
and their incredible flexibility
779
01:12:00,557 --> 01:12:02,801
and their distracting
amounts of freedom
780
01:12:02,835 --> 01:12:05,700
to create bits
of self-amusement
781
01:12:05,735 --> 01:12:08,358
and not much more,
or we have the opportunity
782
01:12:08,393 --> 01:12:11,465
to really figure out
ways that we can use
783
01:12:11,499 --> 01:12:14,571
these tools to make
society better off.
784
01:12:29,759 --> 01:12:34,073
People think the internet is
just a tool for communication.
785
01:12:34,108 --> 01:12:35,903
It's how we get
in touch with one another.
786
01:12:35,937 --> 01:12:38,837
It does that,
but it does so much more.
787
01:12:38,871 --> 01:12:41,218
And it has impacts
in basically
788
01:12:41,253 --> 01:12:43,911
every facet of life.
789
01:13:03,137 --> 01:13:05,415
The internet is a tool
for innovation.
790
01:13:05,450 --> 01:13:08,384
All of the world's knowledge
is catalogued,
791
01:13:08,418 --> 01:13:11,387
categorized one
Google search away,
792
01:13:11,421 --> 01:13:12,491
and education.
793
01:13:12,526 --> 01:13:15,252
You can now go online
and go to Harvard
794
01:13:15,287 --> 01:13:18,394
and watch Harvard lectures,
MIT lectures.
795
01:13:19,533 --> 01:13:21,327
With Telehealth
and Telemedicine,
796
01:13:21,362 --> 01:13:25,055
villagers can talk
to doctors via Skype.
797
01:13:25,090 --> 01:13:28,334
♪
798
01:13:28,369 --> 01:13:31,061
In disaster relief,
we're seeing how communications
799
01:13:31,096 --> 01:13:35,272
is reinventing how
lives are saved.
800
01:13:35,307 --> 01:13:37,689
We've watched how,
in the Middle East,
801
01:13:37,723 --> 01:13:39,829
the internet gave
people a voice
802
01:13:39,863 --> 01:13:41,209
that they never had before.
803
01:13:41,244 --> 01:13:43,522
And not only were
the people in the Middle East
804
01:13:43,557 --> 01:13:46,249
rallying for change,
the rest of the world
805
01:13:46,283 --> 01:13:48,182
rallied with them.
806
01:13:48,216 --> 01:13:51,806
♪
807
01:13:51,841 --> 01:13:54,119
People's ability
to communicate shouldn't
808
01:13:54,153 --> 01:13:58,088
be limited by imagined
cultural boundaries.
809
01:13:58,123 --> 01:14:00,746
Every person that we
connect to the internet
810
01:14:00,781 --> 01:14:04,681
becomes a co-creator
in our future.
811
01:14:04,716 --> 01:14:07,650
They get to be part
of what happens next
812
01:14:07,684 --> 01:14:09,203
on planet Earth.
813
01:14:09,237 --> 01:14:19,282
♪
814
01:14:19,282 --> 01:14:30,569
♪
815
01:14:39,164 --> 01:14:40,510
For me, one of the most
exciting things
816
01:14:40,545 --> 01:14:42,581
about the internet
is this ability
817
01:14:42,616 --> 01:14:45,998
to recognize
the humanness of people,
818
01:14:46,033 --> 01:14:47,931
the reality of people
and other cultures
819
01:14:47,966 --> 01:14:49,243
and other languages.
820
01:14:49,277 --> 01:14:51,763
So, I think we've really barely
scratched the surface
821
01:14:51,797 --> 01:14:54,490
of what is possible
through collaboration.
822
01:14:54,524 --> 01:14:56,388
If you think about it,
doing an encyclopedia
823
01:14:56,422 --> 01:14:58,459
is one of the easiest things.
824
01:15:21,309 --> 01:15:23,035
I see collaboration,
825
01:15:23,070 --> 01:15:25,141
especially computer
mediated collaboration,
826
01:15:25,175 --> 01:15:28,247
as an extremely
enabling tool
827
01:15:28,282 --> 01:15:30,284
for the population
of the world,
828
01:15:30,318 --> 01:15:33,632
and I hope what it'll do
is uncover voices and ideas
829
01:15:33,667 --> 01:15:36,566
that might be invisible
otherwise.
830
01:15:53,790 --> 01:15:56,724
When we or are grandchildren
look back and see
831
01:15:56,759 --> 01:15:59,175
what we made of the internet
when we were the first people
832
01:15:59,209 --> 01:16:01,557
to shape its place
in society,
833
01:16:01,591 --> 01:16:03,559
the question they're
gonna ask is
834
01:16:03,593 --> 01:16:05,043
did they use it
to change the world
835
01:16:05,077 --> 01:16:07,321
for the better?
836
01:16:07,355 --> 01:16:12,257
The greatest hope
of this technology
837
01:16:12,291 --> 01:16:15,501
is that human beings
would be connected
838
01:16:15,536 --> 01:16:19,229
to each other globally
in ways that allowed us
839
01:16:19,264 --> 01:16:22,025
to realize our
common humanity.
840
01:16:22,060 --> 01:16:25,235
That's the vision
that really imagines
841
01:16:25,270 --> 01:16:29,792
that we could erase
so much conflict
842
01:16:29,826 --> 01:16:33,347
that comes from
seeing ourselves one way
843
01:16:33,381 --> 01:16:34,969
and others another way.
844
01:16:35,004 --> 01:16:37,938
♪
845
01:16:37,972 --> 01:16:41,286
Anything that enriches
our knowledge of the range
846
01:16:41,320 --> 01:16:43,288
of human traditions,
I think enriches
847
01:16:43,322 --> 01:16:45,911
our understanding
of ourselves.
848
01:16:45,946 --> 01:16:49,535
The broader our database
of human experience,
849
01:16:49,570 --> 01:16:50,847
the more clear
we can be
850
01:16:50,882 --> 01:16:52,884
on kinda what are
the universals
851
01:16:52,918 --> 01:16:54,402
of being human?
852
01:16:54,437 --> 01:16:56,301
How broad is the menu
853
01:16:56,335 --> 01:16:58,406
from which we can choose?
854
01:16:58,441 --> 01:17:01,720
And to what extent
maybe has the menu shrunk
855
01:17:01,755 --> 01:17:03,446
by virtue
of modern technology?
856
01:17:03,480 --> 01:17:05,103
What have we lost?
857
01:17:05,137 --> 01:17:07,484
We know what we've gained
with e-mail
858
01:17:07,519 --> 01:17:09,107
and telephones
and whatever else
859
01:17:09,141 --> 01:17:10,522
is characteristic
of modernization,
860
01:17:10,556 --> 01:17:13,629
but what have we lost?
861
01:17:13,663 --> 01:17:16,735
We've left behind
a way of life.
862
01:17:16,770 --> 01:17:19,082
I don't know that
that's good or bad,
863
01:17:19,117 --> 01:17:20,428
but it is.
864
01:17:20,463 --> 01:17:22,707
The way we live
is different.
865
01:17:22,741 --> 01:17:25,986
And as the information
revolution continues,
866
01:17:26,020 --> 01:17:28,713
we may find that it
has very fundamentally
867
01:17:28,747 --> 01:17:31,543
changed the nature
of global society
868
01:17:31,577 --> 01:17:33,718
and what it is to be human.
869
01:17:33,752 --> 01:17:41,035
Throughout all of history,
we have moved from isolation
870
01:17:41,070 --> 01:17:46,040
to interdependence
to cooperation.
871
01:17:46,075 --> 01:17:48,698
That's what's goin'
on here now.
872
01:17:48,733 --> 01:17:50,700
People all over the world
are trying to figure out
873
01:17:50,735 --> 01:17:53,496
how to hold on to their
religious, their ethnic,
874
01:17:53,530 --> 01:17:56,050
their racial,
their tribal characteristics
875
01:17:56,085 --> 01:18:00,606
that make them proud
and give them identity
876
01:18:00,641 --> 01:18:03,920
without having to denigrate,
dehumanize somebody
877
01:18:03,955 --> 01:18:05,681
who's different.
878
01:18:05,715 --> 01:18:11,238
I believe the great mission
of the 21st century world
879
01:18:11,272 --> 01:18:13,171
is to build up
the positive forces
880
01:18:13,205 --> 01:18:15,656
of interdependence
and beat back the negative ones,
881
01:18:15,691 --> 01:18:20,281
to move from mere
interdependence
882
01:18:20,316 --> 01:18:22,145
to a global community.
883
01:18:22,180 --> 01:18:27,323
♪
884
01:18:27,323 --> 01:18:32,190
♪
885
01:18:52,693 --> 01:19:02,738
♪
886
01:19:02,738 --> 01:19:14,301
♪
887
01:19:16,544 --> 01:19:18,512
[singing in foreign language]
888
01:19:18,546 --> 01:19:28,591
♪
889
01:19:28,591 --> 01:19:37,842
♪
890
01:19:50,509 --> 01:20:02,314
♪
891
01:20:02,349 --> 01:20:05,524
And there's whole worlds
of civilizations there
892
01:20:05,559 --> 01:20:07,423
that we don't really
hear from all that often.
893
01:20:07,457 --> 01:20:10,391
Should we wait
for that ringing to stop?
894
01:20:10,426 --> 01:20:12,324
It's my phone.
895
01:20:12,359 --> 01:20:15,327
[laughing]
896
01:20:15,362 --> 01:20:17,398
That's brilliant.
897
01:20:17,433 --> 01:20:18,365
Sorry.
898
01:20:18,399 --> 01:20:23,542
♪
899
01:20:23,542 --> 01:20:28,409
♪
900
01:20:53,572 --> 01:21:03,617
♪
901
01:21:03,617 --> 01:21:10,348
♪
902
01:21:17,044 --> 01:21:25,363
♪
64452
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