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These are the user uploaded subtitles that are being translated: 1 00:00:01,919 --> 00:00:08,009 at the end of World War 2 1200 citizens 2 00:00:05,609 --> 00:00:09,960 from the city of Vemma were rounded up 3 00:00:08,009 --> 00:00:14,309 and ordered into the liberated 4 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:16,349 Buchenwald concentration camp the US 5 00:00:14,308 --> 00:00:18,660 Army wanted them to witness a horrifying 6 00:00:16,349 --> 00:00:22,100 collection of artifacts found among 7 00:00:18,660 --> 00:00:22,100 thousands of dying prison 8 00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:26,350 there are two heads which have been 9 00:00:24,579 --> 00:00:29,019 shrunk to one fit their normal size 10 00:00:26,350 --> 00:00:32,169 these and other exhibits of Nazi origin 11 00:00:29,019 --> 00:00:33,729 are shown to the townspeople on a table 12 00:00:32,168 --> 00:00:36,399 for all the gaze upon is a lampshade 13 00:00:33,729 --> 00:00:39,819 made of human skin made at the request 14 00:00:36,399 --> 00:00:41,799 of an SS officers way that officer's 15 00:00:39,820 --> 00:00:45,268 wife was in so cough 16 00:00:41,799 --> 00:00:48,488 her husband was the commander of pokemon 17 00:00:45,268 --> 00:00:51,899 together they presided over the camp in 18 00:00:48,488 --> 00:00:51,899 which a hundred thousand people 19 00:00:52,869 --> 00:00:58,269 she would personally select prisoners 20 00:00:55,350 --> 00:01:00,550 sentenced them to death and forced 21 00:00:58,270 --> 00:01:03,280 fellow inmates to decorate the skins for 22 00:01:00,549 --> 00:01:07,929 her music she was even worse in sort of 23 00:01:03,280 --> 00:01:12,760 their says she's - she was a saint this 24 00:01:07,930 --> 00:01:15,990 used to enjoy it she was known as the 25 00:01:12,760 --> 00:01:15,990 [ __ ] of Bougainville 26 00:01:32,799 --> 00:01:40,849 born in rural Saxony in 1906 in Sakura 27 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:43,129 was the daughter of a label little is 28 00:01:40,849 --> 00:01:45,140 known of her modest upbringing but by 29 00:01:43,129 --> 00:01:47,929 the age of 15 she was working at a 30 00:01:45,140 --> 00:01:50,269 cigarette factory she was not terribly 31 00:01:47,930 --> 00:01:52,820 well educated by the standards the time 32 00:01:50,269 --> 00:01:55,879 she was lucky to receive the job at the 33 00:01:52,819 --> 00:01:58,909 tobacco company as a clerk typist and 34 00:01:55,879 --> 00:02:01,189 that's what she was doing in 1932 about 35 00:01:58,909 --> 00:02:04,609 the time that Hitler begins his rise to 36 00:02:01,189 --> 00:02:06,649 power the young Elsa was instantly 37 00:02:04,609 --> 00:02:09,030 attracted to the hardline politics of 38 00:02:06,650 --> 00:02:12,569 the far-right 39 00:02:09,030 --> 00:02:14,699 she joined the party in April 1932 and 40 00:02:12,569 --> 00:02:17,689 that's a fairly early date a lot of 41 00:02:14,699 --> 00:02:21,089 people joined the party in the late 30s 42 00:02:17,689 --> 00:02:24,359 ever ambitious Elsa became a Nazi 43 00:02:21,090 --> 00:02:27,150 secretary she was singled out by him 44 00:02:24,360 --> 00:02:30,650 ahead of the SS for marriage to a friend 45 00:02:27,150 --> 00:02:30,650 of hers Carl cough 46 00:02:31,348 --> 00:02:36,280 [ __ ] was widely known for his sadistic 47 00:02:34,030 --> 00:02:39,300 tendencies as commander of the saxon 48 00:02:36,280 --> 00:02:39,300 housing concentration 49 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:49,580 he was notorious for his methods of 50 00:02:42,949 --> 00:02:52,159 torture Himmler liked coke and viewed 51 00:02:49,580 --> 00:02:55,120 him as a protege viewed him in many ways 52 00:02:52,159 --> 00:02:57,919 as a model concentration camp commander 53 00:02:55,120 --> 00:03:01,700 often held him up to other commanders as 54 00:02:57,919 --> 00:03:04,239 the one to emulate they were the perfect 55 00:03:01,699 --> 00:03:07,719 nazi couple 56 00:03:04,240 --> 00:03:12,129 one evening in 1936 a couple married in 57 00:03:07,719 --> 00:03:16,030 a grove of oak trees Elsa was 30 Carl 10 58 00:03:12,129 --> 00:03:17,560 years old his new bride didn't mind 59 00:03:16,030 --> 00:03:20,140 Carl's reputation as a cruel 60 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:22,330 disciplinarian she believed in her 61 00:03:20,139 --> 00:03:23,289 husband and was proud to have risen from 62 00:03:22,330 --> 00:03:26,310 the working-classes 63 00:03:23,289 --> 00:03:26,310 to the Nazi elite 64 00:03:28,370 --> 00:03:34,980 in 1937 Carl was appointed commandant of 65 00:03:32,699 --> 00:03:38,459 a new concentration camp in SS training 66 00:03:34,979 --> 00:03:40,500 center that Buchan but she and her 67 00:03:38,460 --> 00:03:44,730 husband Karl Koch arrived when the camp 68 00:03:40,500 --> 00:03:48,199 opened in July 1937 as the brand new 69 00:03:44,729 --> 00:03:48,199 commander of a brand new Kia 70 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:53,439 Buchan volt was one of the first and 71 00:03:51,069 --> 00:03:57,219 largest incarceration facilities in nazi 72 00:03:53,439 --> 00:04:01,079 germany it was a hostile isolated place 73 00:03:57,219 --> 00:04:01,080 on the outskirts of Vimal 74 00:04:03,959 --> 00:04:09,030 the camp held up to 10,000 male 75 00:04:06,389 --> 00:04:12,119 prisoners they were a mixture of Jews 76 00:04:09,030 --> 00:04:15,598 Russians Eastern Europeans and political 77 00:04:12,120 --> 00:04:20,069 opponents the weak were killed and the 78 00:04:15,598 --> 00:04:23,519 healthy worked to death the camp was for 79 00:04:20,069 --> 00:04:27,120 hard labor not extermination unlike a 80 00:04:23,519 --> 00:04:31,799 schvitz gas chambers weren't needed life 81 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:34,228 expectancy was three months as the wife 82 00:04:31,800 --> 00:04:35,850 of the commandant Ilsa led a life of 83 00:04:34,228 --> 00:04:39,418 luxury and privilege with her two 84 00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:43,650 children all around her brutality and 85 00:04:39,418 --> 00:04:46,019 degradation thrived although she had no 86 00:04:43,649 --> 00:04:47,668 official rank in the camp she enjoyed 87 00:04:46,019 --> 00:04:52,168 the power that came with her position 88 00:04:47,668 --> 00:04:56,579 she took it on herself to mingle in the 89 00:04:52,168 --> 00:04:58,439 camp's running and Affairs and it was 90 00:04:56,579 --> 00:05:00,750 that process that gave her the name 91 00:04:58,439 --> 00:05:06,120 nickname among the prisoners of 92 00:05:00,750 --> 00:05:09,149 commandos the the woman commander the 93 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:13,399 prisoners were ruled by fear life was 94 00:05:09,149 --> 00:05:13,399 worthless and murder a daily occurrence 95 00:05:13,860 --> 00:05:19,288 I think eel saqqaq was drawn into that I 96 00:05:17,310 --> 00:05:21,209 think along with her husband she began 97 00:05:19,288 --> 00:05:23,519 to believe that they could punish 98 00:05:21,209 --> 00:05:26,279 Germany's enemies in any form 99 00:05:23,519 --> 00:05:28,918 however humiliating however degrading it 100 00:05:26,279 --> 00:05:31,619 might be in fact the more humiliating 101 00:05:28,918 --> 00:05:34,378 the better imagine a system where the 102 00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:36,899 rule of law does not prevail where in 103 00:05:34,379 --> 00:05:40,830 concentration camps there are no laws 104 00:05:36,899 --> 00:05:45,709 other than the laws which are the whim 105 00:05:40,829 --> 00:05:48,628 of the people running the place terrify 106 00:05:45,709 --> 00:05:54,019 but perhaps for the people actually 107 00:05:48,629 --> 00:05:54,020 running the place exhilarating 108 00:05:54,120 --> 00:05:59,939 as the prisoners lived in fear of their 109 00:05:56,250 --> 00:06:02,160 lives the cost lived in luxury they 110 00:05:59,939 --> 00:06:04,728 built their dream home just outside the 111 00:06:02,160 --> 00:06:04,729 perimeter fence 112 00:06:06,399 --> 00:06:11,489 the officers lived on a street just 113 00:06:09,129 --> 00:06:14,949 outside a camp they called officers row 114 00:06:11,490 --> 00:06:17,168 rather comfortable existence with a row 115 00:06:14,949 --> 00:06:19,870 of what were called villas the biggest 116 00:06:17,168 --> 00:06:22,839 Villa was the cook Villa where Ilsa 117 00:06:19,870 --> 00:06:25,090 lived during this whole time so for her 118 00:06:22,839 --> 00:06:27,819 it was something very special and 119 00:06:25,089 --> 00:06:31,659 extraordinary to live in a big house 120 00:06:27,819 --> 00:06:34,560 with even servants that meant prisoners 121 00:06:31,660 --> 00:06:37,900 from the camp doing everything for her 122 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:39,699 as the common dance wife Ilsa began to 123 00:06:37,899 --> 00:06:42,448 revel in the power she held over her 124 00:06:39,699 --> 00:06:42,449 prisoner slaves 125 00:06:43,050 --> 00:06:47,250 while some prisons for example would 126 00:06:45,569 --> 00:06:51,629 park in the garden or even in her 127 00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:53,158 kitchen and the reports say that it was 128 00:06:51,629 --> 00:06:56,009 always unclear what would happen the 129 00:06:53,158 --> 00:06:58,680 next moment whether she would feel fine 130 00:06:56,009 --> 00:07:02,610 and everything is done well from her 131 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:05,819 perspective or whether she would say the 132 00:07:02,610 --> 00:07:08,550 person didn't fulfill his duties as his 133 00:07:05,819 --> 00:07:10,800 life to her household and then she could 134 00:07:08,550 --> 00:07:14,220 easily say he should be punished back in 135 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:15,689 the camp she liked prisoners to dresser 136 00:07:14,220 --> 00:07:18,870 as Gennady gif RAL 137 00:07:15,689 --> 00:07:20,250 which means gracious lady a kind of term 138 00:07:18,870 --> 00:07:24,598 that would have been used to the 139 00:07:20,250 --> 00:07:26,728 nobility in the 18th or 19th century to 140 00:07:24,598 --> 00:07:31,019 go with this title also enjoyed 141 00:07:26,728 --> 00:07:33,560 aristocracy pursuits early in the camp's 142 00:07:31,019 --> 00:07:35,878 history a special writing Hall was built 143 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:37,860 Buchenwald report says it probably cost 144 00:07:35,879 --> 00:07:40,800 two hundred and fifty thousand marks to 145 00:07:37,860 --> 00:07:42,810 build this structure 30 prisoners were 146 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:45,090 injured or died in the construction of 147 00:07:42,810 --> 00:07:47,158 that writing hall and it was mainly for 148 00:07:45,089 --> 00:07:49,948 her own personal use and as a matter of 149 00:07:47,158 --> 00:07:52,800 fact she took daily lessons there or 150 00:07:49,949 --> 00:07:55,860 daily exercise rides at some points 151 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:58,650 accompanied by music so a band was there 152 00:07:55,860 --> 00:08:01,410 to play for her creating an atmosphere a 153 00:07:58,649 --> 00:08:04,659 little bit like a circus 154 00:08:01,410 --> 00:08:08,100 this exorbitant lifestyle was paid for 155 00:08:04,660 --> 00:08:11,160 by money the couple stole from prisoners 156 00:08:08,100 --> 00:08:14,199 ill sir enjoyed dominating the inmates 157 00:08:11,160 --> 00:08:16,660 as one of few women at an all-male camp 158 00:08:14,199 --> 00:08:17,620 she would mock the dying prisoners with 159 00:08:16,660 --> 00:08:19,689 her sexuality 160 00:08:17,620 --> 00:08:21,910 she loved clothes she loved to wear 161 00:08:19,689 --> 00:08:24,339 provocative clothing there's a lot of 162 00:08:21,910 --> 00:08:27,520 accounts about her wearing short skirts 163 00:08:24,339 --> 00:08:30,339 and tight blouses and in fact exhibiting 164 00:08:27,519 --> 00:08:33,848 herself to the prisoners and the guards 165 00:08:30,339 --> 00:08:36,129 she had ongoing quarrel with several of 166 00:08:33,849 --> 00:08:38,110 the officers wives and i think became 167 00:08:36,129 --> 00:08:40,450 increasingly an isolated figure among 168 00:08:38,110 --> 00:08:43,300 them because she was so different from 169 00:08:40,450 --> 00:08:45,700 the rest and so shall we she would be 170 00:08:43,299 --> 00:08:48,490 lying in bed with the nightgown on are 171 00:08:45,700 --> 00:08:50,470 very very flimsy clothing and asked the 172 00:08:48,490 --> 00:08:52,810 male prisoners to come and serve her or 173 00:08:50,470 --> 00:08:54,370 bring her food and other things and 174 00:08:52,809 --> 00:08:57,189 obviously she want to show herself off 175 00:08:54,370 --> 00:09:02,110 she went her body to be seen by these 176 00:08:57,190 --> 00:09:04,240 prisoners so she liked to tease unlike 177 00:09:02,110 --> 00:09:07,180 other German women he also didn't have 178 00:09:04,240 --> 00:09:10,659 to do any housework in the Nazi ideal 179 00:09:07,179 --> 00:09:14,679 home a housewife would spend a great 180 00:09:10,659 --> 00:09:17,110 deal of her day on chores but if you 181 00:09:14,679 --> 00:09:19,269 live in a really privileged household 182 00:09:17,110 --> 00:09:20,620 and of course the SS was the aristocracy 183 00:09:19,269 --> 00:09:24,519 in Nazi Germany 184 00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:29,049 then you don't have these chores and so 185 00:09:24,519 --> 00:09:32,620 all you can really do is amuse yourself 186 00:09:29,049 --> 00:09:35,379 and different people amuse themselves in 187 00:09:32,620 --> 00:09:39,000 different ways some may read listen to 188 00:09:35,379 --> 00:09:41,860 music and others may go out and view 189 00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:44,559 concentration camp prisoners being put 190 00:09:41,860 --> 00:09:46,659 through their paces she was interested 191 00:09:44,559 --> 00:09:49,269 in watching the punishments and and did 192 00:09:46,659 --> 00:09:52,179 take part in that and often ordered 193 00:09:49,269 --> 00:09:55,449 prisoners to be punished one time when a 194 00:09:52,179 --> 00:09:57,879 work detail went by the cook villa she 195 00:09:55,450 --> 00:10:00,040 ordered them punished because some of 196 00:09:57,879 --> 00:10:02,179 the men had stared at her 197 00:10:00,039 --> 00:10:03,439 ironically enough she wanted them to 198 00:10:02,179 --> 00:10:05,719 stare at her and that was the whole 199 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:08,030 point of the provocative clothing but 200 00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:10,790 any male prisoner who dared stare at the 201 00:10:08,029 --> 00:10:13,309 commandant wife often had lashes or 202 00:10:10,789 --> 00:10:17,289 punishment or perhaps even sent to the 203 00:10:13,309 --> 00:10:17,289 cell block which often meant death 204 00:10:17,820 --> 00:10:23,820 with time on her hands she looked to the 205 00:10:20,519 --> 00:10:25,500 camp for entertainment new prisoners had 206 00:10:23,820 --> 00:10:28,110 to spend their first night standing 207 00:10:25,500 --> 00:10:30,389 naked in the square one of the famous 208 00:10:28,110 --> 00:10:32,580 stories in the Buchenwald report is that 209 00:10:30,389 --> 00:10:35,850 she and some officers wives went to 210 00:10:32,580 --> 00:10:38,700 watch male prisoners were standing naked 211 00:10:35,850 --> 00:10:41,190 at roll call and apparently took great 212 00:10:38,700 --> 00:10:44,280 interest in what she saw temperatures 213 00:10:41,190 --> 00:10:48,960 Kudo could go down to 20 centigrade 214 00:10:44,279 --> 00:10:50,549 centigrades - lots of snow and even then 215 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:53,580 prisons would have to stay on the road 216 00:10:50,549 --> 00:10:56,240 crawl plays sometimes for hours not only 217 00:10:53,580 --> 00:10:59,190 to be counted but also to punish and 218 00:10:56,240 --> 00:11:01,879 some really decided better to run into 219 00:10:59,190 --> 00:11:06,530 the electric fence and to commit suicide 220 00:11:01,879 --> 00:11:06,529 to survive under these conditions 221 00:11:06,899 --> 00:11:14,339 while starving prisoners were committing 222 00:11:09,370 --> 00:11:14,339 suicide the [ __ ] went short of nothing 223 00:11:15,070 --> 00:11:19,899 at one point several prisoners went into 224 00:11:17,708 --> 00:11:22,689 her cellar and they were supposed to 225 00:11:19,899 --> 00:11:26,169 shovel coal and they happened to see 226 00:11:22,690 --> 00:11:26,800 that there were rose bottles of wine and 227 00:11:26,169 --> 00:11:30,189 champagne 228 00:11:26,799 --> 00:11:32,198 there were hams there were other kinds 229 00:11:30,190 --> 00:11:34,300 of foodstuffs that were extremely scarce 230 00:11:32,198 --> 00:11:37,149 and I think the prisoners were shocked 231 00:11:34,299 --> 00:11:39,490 when they discovered that yes or 232 00:11:37,149 --> 00:11:43,990 sometimes used to look out through the 233 00:11:39,490 --> 00:11:46,360 fence and seen sometimes have any people 234 00:11:43,990 --> 00:11:50,399 pass and I thought to myself these 235 00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:53,829 people are free there if they eat they 236 00:11:50,399 --> 00:11:54,958 human beings and we were treated there 237 00:11:53,828 --> 00:11:57,818 subhumans 238 00:11:54,958 --> 00:12:00,578 as the Nazi war machine became bogged 239 00:11:57,818 --> 00:12:02,379 down on the Eastern Front Ilsa was 240 00:12:00,578 --> 00:12:04,929 treating her death camp like a 241 00:12:02,379 --> 00:12:06,429 playground this was only the beginning 242 00:12:04,929 --> 00:12:09,068 of Ilsa's terror 243 00:12:06,429 --> 00:12:12,629 there was a far more gruesome side to 244 00:12:09,068 --> 00:12:12,629 her that was about to be unleashed 245 00:12:13,230 --> 00:12:18,879 it's the [ __ ] the camp Commandant's wife 246 00:12:16,299 --> 00:12:23,500 was so feared by the prisoners that she 247 00:12:18,879 --> 00:12:25,509 was known as the [ __ ] of Buchan but new 248 00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:27,720 arrivals quickly learnt why she was 249 00:12:25,509 --> 00:12:32,080 called a [ __ ] 250 00:12:27,720 --> 00:12:35,710 when I book about half dead hardly 251 00:12:32,080 --> 00:12:38,830 walking this has allowed us to go in for 252 00:12:35,710 --> 00:12:42,009 a shower and then they disinfected us 253 00:12:38,830 --> 00:12:45,910 were disinfectant powdered and then we 254 00:12:42,009 --> 00:12:48,639 got some clothes on and I was putting 255 00:12:45,909 --> 00:12:50,949 into it back with some Russian cruisers 256 00:12:48,639 --> 00:12:55,210 of war oh well everybody was talking 257 00:12:50,950 --> 00:12:59,379 about that and and some of the places 258 00:12:55,210 --> 00:13:02,139 you know when they passed the square and 259 00:12:59,379 --> 00:13:04,689 a big square that they were terrified 260 00:13:02,139 --> 00:13:06,210 because she could lash out just at 261 00:13:04,690 --> 00:13:09,700 anybody 262 00:13:06,210 --> 00:13:11,650 this wasn't content the daily physical 263 00:13:09,700 --> 00:13:14,560 and mental abuse she dished out to 264 00:13:11,649 --> 00:13:18,639 prisoners her bullying took a much 265 00:13:14,559 --> 00:13:21,369 darker twist dr. Wagner was one of the 266 00:13:18,639 --> 00:13:23,379 camp doctors with whom Ilsa was friendly 267 00:13:21,370 --> 00:13:26,019 she apparently had several friends among 268 00:13:23,379 --> 00:13:28,450 the camp doctors and he needed to do a 269 00:13:26,019 --> 00:13:30,879 dissertation this topic for his 270 00:13:28,450 --> 00:13:32,920 dissertation was tattooing he was 271 00:13:30,879 --> 00:13:35,500 supposed to find out if tattooing was an 272 00:13:32,919 --> 00:13:38,529 indicator of criminal behavior and so 273 00:13:35,500 --> 00:13:41,470 began the project of collecting tattoos 274 00:13:38,529 --> 00:13:43,689 from the skin of prisoners it was the 275 00:13:41,470 --> 00:13:46,360 wife of the Commandant it was Ilsa cook 276 00:13:43,690 --> 00:13:50,560 who suggested the project and suggested 277 00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:53,050 collecting the tattooed skin Ilsa used 278 00:13:50,559 --> 00:13:55,119 this study to create one of the most 279 00:13:53,049 --> 00:13:55,679 enduring and revolting works of the 280 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:59,409 Third Reich 281 00:13:55,679 --> 00:14:03,519 she began using prisoners skin to make 282 00:13:59,409 --> 00:14:06,789 lampshades and book covers she preferred 283 00:14:03,519 --> 00:14:09,669 to choose her victims personally the 284 00:14:06,789 --> 00:14:12,519 prisoners alleged that she would go to 285 00:14:09,669 --> 00:14:15,009 places like the quarry on horseback and 286 00:14:12,519 --> 00:14:17,379 watch the work often without shirts on 287 00:14:15,009 --> 00:14:19,600 and that she would identify a prisoner 288 00:14:17,379 --> 00:14:21,850 with an interesting tattoo write his 289 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:24,460 number down a day or two later that 290 00:14:21,850 --> 00:14:28,360 prisoner would end up dead when we 291 00:14:24,460 --> 00:14:33,100 arrived in bhagavad from Auschwitz we're 292 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:35,560 a bit worried and because we had that 293 00:14:33,100 --> 00:14:37,300 people who came with numbers from 294 00:14:35,559 --> 00:14:40,629 Auschwitz and they're armed 295 00:14:37,299 --> 00:14:43,089 if she liked the number she used to send 296 00:14:40,629 --> 00:14:46,960 them into the place I would cut out and 297 00:14:43,090 --> 00:14:48,820 put it on the lampshades Hill sir 298 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:52,300 commandeered the camp workshops to 299 00:14:48,820 --> 00:14:54,280 produce these Ottomans prisoners were 300 00:14:52,299 --> 00:14:57,669 forced to decorate the skins of their 301 00:14:54,279 --> 00:14:59,620 dead comrades apparently many of the 302 00:14:57,669 --> 00:15:02,500 objects of human skin were given away as 303 00:14:59,620 --> 00:15:05,799 gifts and there was a special workshop 304 00:15:02,500 --> 00:15:09,129 an artist studio actually at Buchenwald 305 00:15:05,799 --> 00:15:11,589 they bound books in the creative works 306 00:15:09,129 --> 00:15:15,939 of art many of which are shipped to 307 00:15:11,590 --> 00:15:18,300 other camps the book involved octaves 308 00:15:15,940 --> 00:15:22,090 were indulging in other bizarre 309 00:15:18,299 --> 00:15:25,209 experimentation the pathology lab had 310 00:15:22,090 --> 00:15:27,519 several shrunken heads why they prepared 311 00:15:25,210 --> 00:15:30,220 them is hard to imagine there's there's 312 00:15:27,519 --> 00:15:31,929 something barbaric about that too but 313 00:15:30,220 --> 00:15:34,509 apparently one of the camp doctors had 314 00:15:31,929 --> 00:15:37,949 read about how South Sea Islanders did 315 00:15:34,509 --> 00:15:40,750 this he decided to try it on a prisoner 316 00:15:37,950 --> 00:15:43,629 these heads were said to have decorated 317 00:15:40,750 --> 00:15:47,519 Ilsa's dining room where she entertained 318 00:15:43,629 --> 00:15:47,519 guests and played with her children 319 00:15:47,769 --> 00:15:52,669 for those who didn't witness these 320 00:15:50,029 --> 00:15:55,939 McCobb objects their existence seems 321 00:15:52,669 --> 00:15:57,979 hard to believe frankly if I didn't know 322 00:15:55,940 --> 00:16:00,410 what else went on at the camp at the 323 00:15:57,980 --> 00:16:02,720 same time I too might doubt it but 324 00:16:00,409 --> 00:16:05,480 having seen examples of medical 325 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:07,970 experiments where they took organs out 326 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:10,460 of living prisoners where they had the 327 00:16:07,970 --> 00:16:12,800 typhus block and they experimented with 328 00:16:10,460 --> 00:16:14,629 typhus where they operated on 329 00:16:12,799 --> 00:16:17,719 homosexuals to change their sexual 330 00:16:14,629 --> 00:16:19,879 orientation where they burned prisoners 331 00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:22,279 with phosphorous to see how to treat 332 00:16:19,879 --> 00:16:25,100 phosphorus wounds where they shot 333 00:16:22,279 --> 00:16:26,480 prisoners with poison bullets when all 334 00:16:25,100 --> 00:16:28,730 of these things are going on at 335 00:16:26,480 --> 00:16:31,639 Buchenwald camp as a matter of routine 336 00:16:28,730 --> 00:16:34,610 business then the existence of these 337 00:16:31,639 --> 00:16:37,879 skins in the pathology lab is not so 338 00:16:34,610 --> 00:16:40,730 unusual the prisoners who weren't 339 00:16:37,879 --> 00:16:43,059 victims of experiments faced a battle 340 00:16:40,730 --> 00:16:43,060 for survival 341 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:51,999 on a Sunday we used to get two boiled 342 00:16:46,419 --> 00:16:54,789 potatoes and jackets and I couldn't eat 343 00:16:51,999 --> 00:16:59,290 the peas because used to bend me I was 344 00:16:54,789 --> 00:17:02,198 very thin it's like a skeleton and as I 345 00:16:59,289 --> 00:17:05,139 started peeling some Hungarian Jews came 346 00:17:02,198 --> 00:17:07,389 in and held the hand underneath as I was 347 00:17:05,140 --> 00:17:13,120 peeling and taking the peels in eating 348 00:17:07,390 --> 00:17:15,189 it and I felt somehow I have never felt 349 00:17:13,119 --> 00:17:18,599 so bad here I'm starving 350 00:17:15,189 --> 00:17:23,850 and here the people taking my peels to 351 00:17:18,599 --> 00:17:30,908 eat just to try to survive it was a very 352 00:17:23,849 --> 00:17:33,398 pathetic situation in total contrast to 353 00:17:30,909 --> 00:17:35,789 the emaciated prisoners the high living 354 00:17:33,398 --> 00:17:38,619 [ __ ] stepped up their racketeering 355 00:17:35,788 --> 00:17:40,929 they stole gold teeth and jewelry from 356 00:17:38,619 --> 00:17:46,298 the prisoners and deposited the plunder 357 00:17:40,929 --> 00:17:49,509 in secret Swiss bank accounts her 358 00:17:46,298 --> 00:17:51,609 husband and she were trying to grab as 359 00:17:49,509 --> 00:17:53,859 much as they could from their position 360 00:17:51,609 --> 00:17:57,548 that means they also came into conflict 361 00:17:53,859 --> 00:18:01,148 with rules of the SS itself I think one 362 00:17:57,548 --> 00:18:03,480 of the key factors in the fall of the 363 00:18:01,148 --> 00:18:06,428 koch's is that many of the camp guards 364 00:18:03,480 --> 00:18:09,190 witnessed this corruption and resented 365 00:18:06,429 --> 00:18:12,460 it to some extent that the folks were 366 00:18:09,190 --> 00:18:15,130 using embezzled funds to enjoy a very 367 00:18:12,460 --> 00:18:17,470 lavish lifestyle he bought a big car he 368 00:18:15,130 --> 00:18:20,980 bought a boat bought a house on the lake 369 00:18:17,470 --> 00:18:23,200 all this on a salary that was a modest 370 00:18:20,980 --> 00:18:24,759 salary at least officially people began 371 00:18:23,200 --> 00:18:30,069 to ask questions where is the money 372 00:18:24,759 --> 00:18:34,200 coming from in 1942 the couple were 373 00:18:30,069 --> 00:18:36,939 charged with corruption by an SS court 374 00:18:34,200 --> 00:18:38,769 Carl took the blame and was sent to run 375 00:18:36,940 --> 00:18:44,070 a polish extermination camp to be 376 00:18:38,769 --> 00:18:46,808 sentenced at a later date Ilse [ __ ] was 377 00:18:44,069 --> 00:18:49,210 acquitted of charges of misuse of funds 378 00:18:46,808 --> 00:18:50,859 although her involvement I think your 379 00:18:49,210 --> 00:18:52,600 involvement is clear by her being 380 00:18:50,859 --> 00:18:56,019 included in the trial in the first place 381 00:18:52,599 --> 00:18:58,058 that many SS officers believed that she 382 00:18:56,019 --> 00:19:00,849 did take part in running of the camp and 383 00:18:58,058 --> 00:19:05,378 certainly knew about many of the corrupt 384 00:19:00,849 --> 00:19:07,898 elements of the Koch administration Ilsa 385 00:19:05,378 --> 00:19:09,849 remained at the camp with her husband 386 00:19:07,898 --> 00:19:12,668 out of the picture she sought male 387 00:19:09,849 --> 00:19:15,908 allies she had affairs with several 388 00:19:12,669 --> 00:19:19,480 high-ranking SS officers some of the men 389 00:19:15,909 --> 00:19:22,419 worked outside the fence and the SS 390 00:19:19,480 --> 00:19:25,480 barracks as a woman and they brought 391 00:19:22,419 --> 00:19:28,809 back stole sources about her sexuality 392 00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:34,079 and that she was going with all 393 00:19:28,808 --> 00:19:37,569 different assessment and officers in 394 00:19:34,079 --> 00:19:40,720 1944 Carl returned to bootcamp at to 395 00:19:37,569 --> 00:19:42,788 face trial for corruption torture and 396 00:19:40,720 --> 00:19:44,360 murder was nothing compared to ripping 397 00:19:42,788 --> 00:19:48,619 off the right 398 00:19:44,359 --> 00:19:51,859 on a cold morning in April 1945 Carl was 399 00:19:48,619 --> 00:19:56,000 taken outside and shot in the yard of 400 00:19:51,859 --> 00:19:57,789 his own camp as the Russians advanced 401 00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:00,500 and the Third Reich began to crumble 402 00:19:57,789 --> 00:20:03,379 Ilsa realized her days of indulgence 403 00:20:00,500 --> 00:20:05,900 were over she attempted to melt back 404 00:20:03,380 --> 00:20:08,090 into the German population and joined 405 00:20:05,900 --> 00:20:13,040 thousands heading west woods looking for 406 00:20:08,089 --> 00:20:16,308 safety from the Allies on the 10th of 407 00:20:13,039 --> 00:20:19,129 April 1945 the US Army entered bootcamp 408 00:20:16,308 --> 00:20:22,490 at the camp was built to house eight 409 00:20:19,130 --> 00:20:25,190 that the population had swelled to ten 410 00:20:22,490 --> 00:20:27,680 times that number 411 00:20:25,190 --> 00:20:31,460 a hundred thousand people had died at 412 00:20:27,680 --> 00:20:33,019 the camp in seven years while the 413 00:20:31,460 --> 00:20:35,329 American liberators when they first 414 00:20:33,019 --> 00:20:36,980 walked into the camp were shocked by 415 00:20:35,329 --> 00:20:39,529 what they saw they were absolutely 416 00:20:36,980 --> 00:20:41,900 stunned many of the prisoners were 417 00:20:39,529 --> 00:20:45,440 walking skeletons they had been so 418 00:20:41,900 --> 00:20:49,759 systematically starved that they had no 419 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:52,880 body fat left one of the French generals 420 00:20:49,759 --> 00:20:55,220 told the Americans that he normally 421 00:20:52,880 --> 00:20:59,660 weighed a hundred and seventy pounds and 422 00:20:55,220 --> 00:21:01,850 he weighed at that time 85 pounds they 423 00:20:59,660 --> 00:21:05,060 found corpses lying around beside the 424 00:21:01,849 --> 00:21:06,859 crematorium for example and lots of 425 00:21:05,059 --> 00:21:10,639 people stuck in these overcrowded 426 00:21:06,859 --> 00:21:12,949 barracks in the rebel camp these are so 427 00:21:10,640 --> 00:21:16,220 shocking for them that General Patton 428 00:21:12,950 --> 00:21:19,400 ordered that the people from bimah more 429 00:21:16,220 --> 00:21:21,680 than 1,000 mostly Nazi Party members 430 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:25,340 should be sent up here to see what 431 00:21:21,680 --> 00:21:27,049 happened up here 1200 civilians walked 432 00:21:25,339 --> 00:21:28,639 from the neighboring city of Weimar to 433 00:21:27,049 --> 00:21:30,319 begin a forced tour of the camp 434 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:32,300 there are many smiling faces and 435 00:21:30,319 --> 00:21:33,829 according to observers at first the 436 00:21:32,299 --> 00:21:36,049 Germans act as though this was something 437 00:21:33,829 --> 00:21:37,639 being staged for their benefit on a 438 00:21:36,049 --> 00:21:40,579 table for all the gaze upon is a 439 00:21:37,640 --> 00:21:42,880 lampshade made of human skin made at the 440 00:21:40,579 --> 00:21:45,649 request of an SS officer's wife 441 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:47,720 the camera records the changes in facial 442 00:21:45,650 --> 00:21:51,620 expressions as the vimar citizens leave 443 00:21:47,720 --> 00:21:55,019 the parchment display but the liberated 444 00:21:51,619 --> 00:21:57,439 prisoners hadn't forgotten Ilsa cook 445 00:21:55,019 --> 00:22:01,950 she was finally caught and imprisoned in 446 00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:04,640 1947 she went for trial whilst pregnant 447 00:22:01,950 --> 00:22:04,640 by a fellow inmate 448 00:22:06,119 --> 00:22:10,609 Ilse was charged with personally 449 00:22:08,460 --> 00:22:13,409 selecting prisoners for murder 450 00:22:10,609 --> 00:22:16,129 the gruesome selection of skins and 451 00:22:13,409 --> 00:22:18,350 shrunken heads was shown to the court 452 00:22:16,130 --> 00:22:20,669 she denied everything 453 00:22:18,349 --> 00:22:21,990 claimed she had been framed by the 454 00:22:20,669 --> 00:22:23,910 Allies 455 00:22:21,990 --> 00:22:26,960 crowds gathered outside the courtroom 456 00:22:23,910 --> 00:22:31,149 calling for her execution 457 00:22:26,960 --> 00:22:31,149 she was sentenced to life imprisonment 458 00:22:32,750 --> 00:22:40,019 by 1967 Ilsa had been in prison for 24 459 00:22:37,048 --> 00:22:43,980 years during this time she'd shown no 460 00:22:40,019 --> 00:22:46,289 remorse or sorrow crowd on the 1st of 461 00:22:43,980 --> 00:22:49,679 September she noted some bedsheets 462 00:22:46,289 --> 00:22:53,399 together and hanged herself she was 61 463 00:22:49,679 --> 00:22:56,840 years old in a final letter she'd 464 00:22:53,400 --> 00:23:03,590 written there is now no other way for me 465 00:22:56,839 --> 00:23:05,819 death is the only deliverance and 466 00:23:03,589 --> 00:23:07,740 history night continues after the break 467 00:23:05,819 --> 00:23:09,599 as we learn how the decadent behavior of 468 00:23:07,740 --> 00:23:16,349 Royals such as Henry the eighth's have 469 00:23:09,599 --> 00:23:19,939 turned them into a laughingstock human 470 00:23:16,349 --> 00:23:22,798 beings and we were treated as subhuman 471 00:23:19,940 --> 00:23:25,558 as the Nazi war machine became bogged 472 00:23:22,798 --> 00:23:27,359 down on the Eastern Front Ilsa was 473 00:23:25,558 --> 00:23:29,910 treating her death camp like a 474 00:23:27,359 --> 00:23:33,029 playground this was only the beginning 475 00:23:29,910 --> 00:23:35,340 of Ilsa's terror there was a far more 476 00:23:33,029 --> 00:23:37,609 gruesome side to her that was about to 477 00:23:35,339 --> 00:23:37,609 be unleashed 478 00:23:38,150 --> 00:23:43,850 is the [ __ ] the camp Commandant's wife 479 00:23:41,269 --> 00:23:48,470 was so feared by the prisoners that she 480 00:23:43,849 --> 00:23:50,719 was known as the [ __ ] of Buchan odd new 481 00:23:48,470 --> 00:23:56,049 arrivals quickly learnt why she was cool 482 00:23:50,720 --> 00:24:00,410 too [ __ ] when I walk about half dead 483 00:23:56,049 --> 00:24:02,839 hardly walking this has allowed us to go 484 00:24:00,410 --> 00:24:05,150 in for a shower and then they 485 00:24:02,839 --> 00:24:07,909 disinfected us with a disinfectant 486 00:24:05,150 --> 00:24:12,740 powdered and then we got some clothes on 487 00:24:07,910 --> 00:24:15,140 and I was putting into it bad act with 488 00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:18,640 some Russian cruisers at war well 489 00:24:15,140 --> 00:24:21,230 everybody was talking about it and and 490 00:24:18,640 --> 00:24:25,340 some of the places you know when they 491 00:24:21,230 --> 00:24:28,190 passed the square and a big square that 492 00:24:25,339 --> 00:24:32,779 they were terrified because she could 493 00:24:28,190 --> 00:24:35,330 lash out just a terrible it this wasn't 494 00:24:32,779 --> 00:24:37,930 content the daily physical and mental 495 00:24:35,329 --> 00:24:41,899 abuse she dished out to prisoners a 496 00:24:37,930 --> 00:24:44,630 bullying took a much darker twist dr. 497 00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:47,060 Wagner was one of the camp doctors with 498 00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:48,680 whom Ilsa was friendly she apparently 499 00:24:47,059 --> 00:24:50,960 had several friends among the camp 500 00:24:48,680 --> 00:24:53,390 doctors and he needed to do a 501 00:24:50,960 --> 00:24:55,850 dissertation this topic for his 502 00:24:53,390 --> 00:24:57,890 dissertation was tattooing he was 503 00:24:55,849 --> 00:25:00,469 supposed to find out if tattooing was an 504 00:24:57,890 --> 00:25:03,500 indicator of criminal behavior and so 505 00:25:00,470 --> 00:25:06,440 began the project of collecting tattoos 506 00:25:03,500 --> 00:25:08,660 from the skin of prisoners it was the 507 00:25:06,440 --> 00:25:11,330 wife of the Commandant it was Ilsa Koch 508 00:25:08,660 --> 00:25:15,529 who suggested the project and suggested 509 00:25:11,329 --> 00:25:17,839 collecting the tattooed skin Ilsa used 510 00:25:15,529 --> 00:25:20,089 this study to create one of the most 511 00:25:17,839 --> 00:25:23,449 enduring and revolting works of the 512 00:25:20,089 --> 00:25:25,189 third row she began using prisoners skin 513 00:25:23,450 --> 00:25:28,940 to make lampshades 514 00:25:25,190 --> 00:25:31,309 and book cups she preferred to choose 515 00:25:28,940 --> 00:25:34,370 her victims personally 516 00:25:31,309 --> 00:25:36,950 the prisoners alleged that she would go 517 00:25:34,369 --> 00:25:39,709 to places like the quarry on horseback 518 00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:41,809 and watch the work often without shirts 519 00:25:39,710 --> 00:25:43,360 on and that she would identify a 520 00:25:41,809 --> 00:25:46,369 prisoner with an interesting tattoo 521 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:49,429 write his number down a day or two later 522 00:25:46,369 --> 00:25:52,329 that prisoner would end up dead when we 523 00:25:49,430 --> 00:25:57,650 arrived in Boulevard from Auschwitz 524 00:25:52,329 --> 00:26:00,529 we're a bit worried because we heard 525 00:25:57,650 --> 00:26:04,040 that people who came with numbers from 526 00:26:00,529 --> 00:26:06,589 Auschwitz and ROM she liked the number 527 00:26:04,039 --> 00:26:08,930 she used to send them into the place I 528 00:26:06,589 --> 00:26:12,919 would cut out and put it on the 529 00:26:08,930 --> 00:26:16,060 lampshades you sir commandeered the camp 530 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:18,440 workshops to produce these Ottomans 531 00:26:16,059 --> 00:26:21,109 prisoners were forced to decorate the 532 00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:23,519 skins of their dead comrades 533 00:26:21,109 --> 00:26:26,549 apparently many of the objects of human 534 00:26:23,519 --> 00:26:29,490 skin were given away as gifts and there 535 00:26:26,549 --> 00:26:31,259 was a special workshop an artist studio 536 00:26:29,490 --> 00:26:34,109 actually at Buchenwald 537 00:26:31,259 --> 00:26:36,539 they found books in the creative works 538 00:26:34,109 --> 00:26:40,889 of art many of which are shipped to 539 00:26:36,539 --> 00:26:43,279 other camps the book involved doctors 540 00:26:40,890 --> 00:26:47,070 were indulging in other bizarre 541 00:26:43,279 --> 00:26:50,190 experimentation the pathology lab had 542 00:26:47,069 --> 00:26:52,470 several shrunken heads why they prepared 543 00:26:50,190 --> 00:26:55,170 them is hard to imagine there's there's 544 00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:56,910 something barbaric about that too but 545 00:26:55,170 --> 00:26:59,490 apparently one of the camp doctors had 546 00:26:56,910 --> 00:27:02,900 read about how South Sea Islanders did 547 00:26:59,490 --> 00:27:05,730 this he decided to try it on a prisoner 548 00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:08,580 these heads were said to have decorated 549 00:27:05,730 --> 00:27:12,500 else's dining room where she entertained 550 00:27:08,579 --> 00:27:12,500 guests and played with her children 551 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:18,150 so a band was there to play for her 552 00:27:15,920 --> 00:27:20,380 creating an atmosphere a little bit like 553 00:27:18,150 --> 00:27:23,630 a circus 554 00:27:20,380 --> 00:27:27,039 this exorbitant lifestyle was paid for 555 00:27:23,630 --> 00:27:30,080 by money the couple stole from prisoners 556 00:27:27,038 --> 00:27:33,140 ill sir enjoyed dominating the inmates 557 00:27:30,079 --> 00:27:35,599 as one of few women at an all-male camp 558 00:27:33,140 --> 00:27:36,559 she would mock the dying prisoners with 559 00:27:35,599 --> 00:27:38,658 her sexuality 560 00:27:36,558 --> 00:27:40,879 she loved clothes she loved to wear 561 00:27:38,659 --> 00:27:43,278 provocative clothing there's a lot of 562 00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:46,490 accounts about her wearing short skirts 563 00:27:43,278 --> 00:27:49,400 and tight blouses in effect exhibiting 564 00:27:46,490 --> 00:27:52,788 herself to the prisoners and the guards 565 00:27:49,400 --> 00:27:55,100 she had ongoing quarrel with several of 566 00:27:52,788 --> 00:27:57,079 the officers lives and I think became 567 00:27:55,099 --> 00:27:59,389 increasingly an isolated figure among 568 00:27:57,079 --> 00:28:00,829 them because she was so different from 569 00:27:59,390 --> 00:28:03,528 the rest and so showy 570 00:28:00,829 --> 00:28:05,720 she would be lying in bed with the 571 00:28:03,528 --> 00:28:08,329 nightgown on are very very flimsy 572 00:28:05,720 --> 00:28:11,058 clothing and asked the male prisoners to 573 00:28:08,329 --> 00:28:12,589 come and serve her or bring her food and 574 00:28:11,058 --> 00:28:15,500 other things and obviously she wanted to 575 00:28:12,589 --> 00:28:17,689 show herself off she went her by to be 576 00:28:15,500 --> 00:28:22,730 seen by these prisoners so she liked to 577 00:28:17,690 --> 00:28:25,399 tease unlike other German women he also 578 00:28:22,730 --> 00:28:28,970 didn't have to do any housework in the 579 00:28:25,398 --> 00:28:33,528 Nazi ideal home a housewife would spend 580 00:28:28,970 --> 00:28:35,048 a great deal of her day on chores but if 581 00:28:33,528 --> 00:28:37,730 you live in a really privileged 582 00:28:35,048 --> 00:28:40,639 household and of course the SS was the 583 00:28:37,730 --> 00:28:44,808 aristocracy in Nazi Germany then you 584 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:49,179 don't have these chores and so all you 585 00:28:44,808 --> 00:28:51,558 can really do is amuse yourself and 586 00:28:49,179 --> 00:28:54,320 different people amuse themselves in 587 00:28:51,558 --> 00:28:57,970 different ways some may read listen to 588 00:28:54,319 --> 00:29:00,319 music and others may go out and view 589 00:28:57,970 --> 00:29:03,019 concentration camp prisoners being 590 00:29:00,319 --> 00:29:04,849 cooked through their paces she was 591 00:29:03,019 --> 00:29:07,579 interested in watching the punishments 592 00:29:04,849 --> 00:29:10,668 and and did take part in that and often 593 00:29:07,579 --> 00:29:12,829 ordered prisoners to be punished one 594 00:29:10,669 --> 00:29:15,788 time when a work detail went by the cook 595 00:29:12,829 --> 00:29:18,990 villa she ordered them punished because 596 00:29:15,788 --> 00:29:21,160 some of the men had stared at her 597 00:29:18,990 --> 00:29:22,660 ironically enough she wanted the dis 598 00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:25,360 tear at her and that was the whole point 599 00:29:22,660 --> 00:29:26,980 of the provocative clothing but any male 600 00:29:25,359 --> 00:29:29,769 prisoner who dared stare at the 601 00:29:26,980 --> 00:29:32,259 commandant wife often had lashes or 602 00:29:29,769 --> 00:29:36,240 punishment or perhaps even sent to the 603 00:29:32,259 --> 00:29:36,240 cellblock which often meant death 604 00:29:36,750 --> 00:29:42,779 with time on her hands she looked to the 605 00:29:39,480 --> 00:29:44,429 camp for entertainment new prisoners had 606 00:29:42,779 --> 00:29:47,038 to spend their first night standing 607 00:29:44,429 --> 00:29:49,320 naked in the square one of the famous 608 00:29:47,038 --> 00:29:51,538 stories in the book and wild report is 609 00:29:49,319 --> 00:29:54,808 that she and some officers wives went to 610 00:29:51,538 --> 00:29:57,658 watch male prisoners were standing naked 611 00:29:54,808 --> 00:30:00,298 at roll call and apparently took great 612 00:29:57,659 --> 00:30:03,210 interest in what she saw temperature 613 00:30:00,298 --> 00:30:04,048 sciutto could go down to 20 centigrade 614 00:30:03,210 --> 00:30:08,429 centigrades 615 00:30:04,048 --> 00:30:09,839 - lots of snow and even then prisons 616 00:30:08,429 --> 00:30:12,990 would have to stay on the roll crawl 617 00:30:09,839 --> 00:30:16,199 place sometimes for hours not only to be 618 00:30:12,990 --> 00:30:18,298 counted but also to punish and some 619 00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:21,840 really decided better to run into the 620 00:30:18,298 --> 00:30:25,490 electric fence and to commit suicide to 621 00:30:21,839 --> 00:30:25,490 survive under these conditions 622 00:30:25,839 --> 00:30:33,309 while starving prisoners were committing 623 00:30:28,339 --> 00:30:33,309 suicide the [ __ ] went short of nothing 624 00:30:34,019 --> 00:30:38,849 at one point several prisoners went into 625 00:30:36,690 --> 00:30:41,640 her cellar and they were supposed to 626 00:30:38,849 --> 00:30:44,609 shovel coal and they happened to see 627 00:30:41,640 --> 00:30:46,140 that there were rows of bottles of wine 628 00:30:44,609 --> 00:30:49,139 and champagne 629 00:30:46,140 --> 00:30:51,150 there were hams there were other kinds 630 00:30:49,140 --> 00:30:53,250 of foodstuffs that were extremely scarce 631 00:30:51,150 --> 00:30:56,100 and I think the prisoners were shocked 632 00:30:53,250 --> 00:30:58,440 when they discovered that yes or 633 00:30:56,099 --> 00:31:03,119 sometimes used to look out through the 634 00:30:58,440 --> 00:31:05,308 fence and seen sometimes so many people 635 00:31:03,119 --> 00:31:09,299 pass and I thought to myself these 636 00:31:05,308 --> 00:31:14,029 people are free that if they eat they 637 00:31:09,299 --> 00:31:14,029 nice on the outskirts of Vimal 638 00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:21,990 the camp held up to 10,000 male 639 00:31:19,349 --> 00:31:25,079 prisoners they were a mixture of Jews 640 00:31:21,990 --> 00:31:28,559 Russians Eastern Europeans and political 641 00:31:25,079 --> 00:31:31,859 opponents the weak were killed and the 642 00:31:28,559 --> 00:31:34,109 healthy worked to death 643 00:31:31,859 --> 00:31:37,558 the camp was for hard labor not 644 00:31:34,109 --> 00:31:40,918 extermination unlike a schvitz gas 645 00:31:37,558 --> 00:31:45,058 chambers weren't needed life expectancy 646 00:31:40,919 --> 00:31:47,490 was three months as the wife of the 647 00:31:45,058 --> 00:31:50,308 commandant bill sir led a life of luxury 648 00:31:47,490 --> 00:31:52,798 and privilege with her two children all 649 00:31:50,308 --> 00:31:56,940 around her brutality and degradation 650 00:31:52,798 --> 00:31:59,398 thrived although she had no official 651 00:31:56,940 --> 00:32:02,548 rank in the camp she enjoyed the power 652 00:31:59,398 --> 00:32:05,579 that came with her position she took it 653 00:32:02,548 --> 00:32:09,778 on herself to mingle in the camp's 654 00:32:05,579 --> 00:32:12,240 running and Affairs and it was that 655 00:32:09,778 --> 00:32:15,538 process that gave her the name nickname 656 00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:19,710 among the prisoners of command oohs the 657 00:32:15,538 --> 00:32:22,740 the woman commander the prisoners were 658 00:32:19,710 --> 00:32:26,389 ruled by fear life was worthless and 659 00:32:22,740 --> 00:32:26,388 murder a daily occurrence 660 00:32:26,819 --> 00:32:32,250 I think Ilse [ __ ] was drawn into that I 661 00:32:30,269 --> 00:32:34,169 think along with her husband she began 662 00:32:32,250 --> 00:32:36,329 to believe that they could punish 663 00:32:34,169 --> 00:32:39,269 Germany's enemies in any form 664 00:32:36,329 --> 00:32:41,879 however humiliating however degrading it 665 00:32:39,269 --> 00:32:44,609 might be in fact the more humiliating 666 00:32:41,880 --> 00:32:47,340 the better imagine a system where the 667 00:32:44,609 --> 00:32:49,859 rule of law does not prevail where in 668 00:32:47,339 --> 00:32:53,788 concentration camps there are no laws 669 00:32:49,859 --> 00:32:58,668 other than the laws which are the whim 670 00:32:53,788 --> 00:33:01,589 of the people running the place terrify 671 00:32:58,669 --> 00:33:06,980 but perhaps for the people actually 672 00:33:01,589 --> 00:33:06,980 running the place exhilarating 673 00:33:07,119 --> 00:33:13,179 as the prisoners lived in fear of their 674 00:33:09,220 --> 00:33:15,130 lives the COS lived in luxury they built 675 00:33:13,180 --> 00:33:17,700 their dream home just outside the 676 00:33:15,130 --> 00:33:17,700 perimeter fence 677 00:33:19,349 --> 00:33:24,469 the officers lived on a street just 678 00:33:22,079 --> 00:33:27,929 outside a camp they called officers row 679 00:33:24,470 --> 00:33:30,120 rather comfortable existence with a row 680 00:33:27,930 --> 00:33:32,820 of what were called villas the biggest 681 00:33:30,119 --> 00:33:35,819 Villa was the cook Villa where Ilsa 682 00:33:32,819 --> 00:33:38,039 lived during this whole time so for her 683 00:33:35,819 --> 00:33:40,799 it was something very special and 684 00:33:38,039 --> 00:33:44,609 extraordinary to live in a big house 685 00:33:40,799 --> 00:33:47,569 with even servants that meant prisoners 686 00:33:44,609 --> 00:33:50,669 from the camp doing everything for her 687 00:33:47,569 --> 00:33:52,649 as the common dance wife he also began 688 00:33:50,670 --> 00:33:55,400 to revel in the power she held over her 689 00:33:52,650 --> 00:33:55,400 prisoner slaves 690 00:33:56,059 --> 00:34:00,200 while some prisons for example would 691 00:33:58,490 --> 00:34:04,579 park in the garden or even in her 692 00:34:00,200 --> 00:34:06,140 kitchen and the reports say that it was 693 00:34:04,579 --> 00:34:08,989 always unclear what would happen the 694 00:34:06,140 --> 00:34:11,628 next moment whether she would feel fine 695 00:34:08,989 --> 00:34:15,559 and everything is done well from her 696 00:34:11,628 --> 00:34:18,769 perspective or whether she would say the 697 00:34:15,559 --> 00:34:21,529 person didn't fulfill his duties as his 698 00:34:18,769 --> 00:34:23,750 life to her household and then she could 699 00:34:21,530 --> 00:34:27,169 easily say he should be punished back in 700 00:34:23,750 --> 00:34:28,639 the camp she liked prisoners to dresser 701 00:34:27,168 --> 00:34:31,849 as Gennady gif Rao 702 00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:33,230 which means gracious lady a kind of term 703 00:34:31,849 --> 00:34:37,579 that would have been used to the 704 00:34:33,230 --> 00:34:39,710 nobility in the 18th or 19th century to 705 00:34:37,579 --> 00:34:43,639 go with this title also enjoyed 706 00:34:39,710 --> 00:34:45,918 aristocratic pursuits early in the 707 00:34:43,639 --> 00:34:48,289 camp's history a special writing Hall 708 00:34:45,918 --> 00:34:49,789 was built Buchenwald report says it 709 00:34:48,289 --> 00:34:51,940 probably cost two hundred and fifty 710 00:34:49,789 --> 00:34:54,949 thousand marks to build this structure 711 00:34:51,940 --> 00:34:57,470 thirty prisoners were injured or died in 712 00:34:54,949 --> 00:34:59,659 the construction of that writing Hall it 713 00:34:57,469 --> 00:35:01,909 was mainly for her own personal use and 714 00:34:59,659 --> 00:35:04,279 as a matter of fact she took daily 715 00:35:01,909 --> 00:35:08,789 lessons there or a daily exercise rides 716 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:12,600 at some points accompanied by music 717 00:35:08,789 --> 00:35:15,000 at the end of World War 2 1200 citizens 718 00:35:12,599 --> 00:35:16,920 from the city of Vemma were rounded up 719 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:21,300 and ordered into the liberated 720 00:35:16,920 --> 00:35:23,340 Buchenwald concentration camp the US 721 00:35:21,300 --> 00:35:25,650 Army wanted them to witness a horrifying 722 00:35:23,340 --> 00:35:29,090 collection of artifacts found among 723 00:35:25,650 --> 00:35:29,090 thousands of dying prison 724 00:35:29,219 --> 00:35:33,309 there are two heads which have been 725 00:35:31,539 --> 00:35:36,009 shrunk to one fit their normal size 726 00:35:33,309 --> 00:35:39,159 these and other exhibits of Nazi origin 727 00:35:36,010 --> 00:35:40,720 are shown to the townspeople on a table 728 00:35:39,159 --> 00:35:43,359 for all the gaze upon is a lampshade 729 00:35:40,719 --> 00:35:46,809 made of human skin made at the request 730 00:35:43,360 --> 00:35:50,590 of an SS officers way that officer's 731 00:35:46,809 --> 00:35:54,009 wife was encircled her husband was the 732 00:35:50,590 --> 00:35:55,809 commander of Pokemon together they 733 00:35:54,010 --> 00:35:58,860 presided over the camp in which a 734 00:35:55,809 --> 00:35:58,860 hundred thousand people 735 00:35:59,949 --> 00:36:05,500 she would personally select prisoners 736 00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:07,599 sentence them to death and force fellow 737 00:36:05,500 --> 00:36:08,199 inmates to decorate the skins for her 738 00:36:07,599 --> 00:36:10,420 amusement 739 00:36:08,199 --> 00:36:15,429 she was even worse than some of their 740 00:36:10,420 --> 00:36:20,349 says she's - she was a sadist used to 741 00:36:15,429 --> 00:36:22,949 enjoy it she was known as the [ __ ] of 742 00:36:20,349 --> 00:36:22,949 Bougainville 743 00:36:39,780 --> 00:36:47,830 born in rural Saxony in 1906 Insur Cola 744 00:36:44,260 --> 00:36:50,110 was the daughter of a label little is 745 00:36:47,829 --> 00:36:52,119 known of her modest upbringing but by 746 00:36:50,110 --> 00:36:54,910 the age of 15 she was working at a 747 00:36:52,119 --> 00:36:56,980 cigarette factory she was not terribly 748 00:36:54,909 --> 00:36:59,619 well educated by the standards at the 749 00:36:56,980 --> 00:37:02,320 time she was lucky to receive the job at 750 00:36:59,619 --> 00:37:05,440 the tobacco company as a clerk typist 751 00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:07,900 and that's what she was doing in 1932 752 00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:11,079 about the time that Hitler begins his 753 00:37:07,900 --> 00:37:12,880 rise to power the young Elsa was 754 00:37:11,079 --> 00:37:15,989 instantly attracted to the hardline 755 00:37:12,880 --> 00:37:19,530 politics of the far-right 756 00:37:15,989 --> 00:37:21,809 she joined the party in April 1932 and 757 00:37:19,530 --> 00:37:24,650 that's a fairly early date a lot of 758 00:37:21,809 --> 00:37:28,079 people joined the party in the late 30s 759 00:37:24,650 --> 00:37:31,349 ever ambitious Elsa became a Nazi 760 00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:34,139 secretary she was singled out by him 761 00:37:31,349 --> 00:37:37,640 ahead of the SS for marriage to a friend 762 00:37:34,139 --> 00:37:37,639 of hers Karl cough 763 00:37:38,309 --> 00:37:43,269 [ __ ] was widely known for his sadistic 764 00:37:40,809 --> 00:37:48,340 tendencies as commander of the saxon 765 00:37:43,269 --> 00:37:55,030 housing concentration he was notorious 766 00:37:48,340 --> 00:37:58,600 for his methods of torture himmler liked 767 00:37:55,030 --> 00:38:00,400 coke and viewed him as a protege viewed 768 00:37:58,599 --> 00:38:03,339 him in many ways as a model 769 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:05,470 concentration camp commander often held 770 00:38:03,340 --> 00:38:09,640 him up to other commanders as the one to 771 00:38:05,469 --> 00:38:11,219 emulate they were the perfect nazi 772 00:38:09,639 --> 00:38:14,579 couple 773 00:38:11,219 --> 00:38:18,779 one evening in 1936 the couple married 774 00:38:14,579 --> 00:38:23,009 in a grove of oak trees Elsa was 30 Carl 775 00:38:18,780 --> 00:38:24,540 10 years old his new bride didn't mind 776 00:38:23,010 --> 00:38:27,119 Carl's reputation as a cruel 777 00:38:24,539 --> 00:38:29,309 disciplinarian she believed in her 778 00:38:27,119 --> 00:38:30,269 husband and was proud to have risen from 779 00:38:29,309 --> 00:38:33,289 the working-classes 780 00:38:30,269 --> 00:38:33,289 to the Nazi elite 781 00:38:35,150 --> 00:38:41,940 in 1937 Carl was appointed commandant of 782 00:38:39,690 --> 00:38:45,420 a new concentration camp an SS training 783 00:38:41,940 --> 00:38:47,490 center at Brooklyn but she and her 784 00:38:45,420 --> 00:38:51,690 husband Karl Koch arrived when the camp 785 00:38:47,489 --> 00:38:55,189 opened in July 1937 as the brand new 786 00:38:51,690 --> 00:38:55,190 commander of a brand new Kia 787 00:38:55,960 --> 00:39:00,429 Buchan vault was one of the first and 788 00:38:58,059 --> 00:39:04,750 largest incarceration facilities in nazi 789 00:39:00,429 --> 00:39:06,519 germany it was a hostile isolated for 790 00:39:04,750 --> 00:39:08,980 those who didn't witness these macabre 791 00:39:06,519 --> 00:39:12,369 objects their existence seems hard to 792 00:39:08,980 --> 00:39:14,199 believe frankly if I didn't know what 793 00:39:12,369 --> 00:39:15,880 else went on at the camp at the same 794 00:39:14,199 --> 00:39:18,699 time I too might doubt it 795 00:39:15,880 --> 00:39:21,460 but having seen examples of medical 796 00:39:18,699 --> 00:39:23,949 experiments where they took organs out 797 00:39:21,460 --> 00:39:26,440 of living prisoners where they had the 798 00:39:23,949 --> 00:39:28,809 typhus block and they experimented with 799 00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:30,730 typhus where they operated on 800 00:39:28,809 --> 00:39:33,699 homosexuals to change their sexual 801 00:39:30,730 --> 00:39:35,858 orientation or they burned prisoners 802 00:39:33,699 --> 00:39:38,259 with phosphorus to see how to treat 803 00:39:35,858 --> 00:39:41,079 phosphorus wounds where they shot 804 00:39:38,260 --> 00:39:42,460 prisoners with poison bullets when all 805 00:39:41,079 --> 00:39:44,710 of these things are going on at 806 00:39:42,460 --> 00:39:47,619 Buchenwald camp as a matter of routine 807 00:39:44,710 --> 00:39:50,588 business then the existence of these 808 00:39:47,619 --> 00:39:53,890 skins in the pathology lab is not so 809 00:39:50,588 --> 00:39:56,710 unusual the prisoners who weren't 810 00:39:53,889 --> 00:39:59,039 victims of experiments faced a battle 811 00:39:56,710 --> 00:39:59,039 for survival 812 00:39:59,369 --> 00:40:07,980 on a Sunday we used to get two boiled 813 00:40:02,519 --> 00:40:10,769 potatoes and jackets and I couldn't eat 814 00:40:07,980 --> 00:40:15,300 the peels because used to burn me I was 815 00:40:10,769 --> 00:40:18,179 very thin just like a skeleton and as I 816 00:40:15,300 --> 00:40:20,970 started peeling some Hungarian Jews came 817 00:40:18,179 --> 00:40:22,889 in and held their hand underneath as I 818 00:40:20,969 --> 00:40:28,619 was bathing and taking the peels and 819 00:40:22,889 --> 00:40:31,230 eating it and I felt somehow I have 820 00:40:28,619 --> 00:40:35,579 never felt so bad here I'm starving and 821 00:40:31,230 --> 00:40:39,829 here the people taking my peels to eat 822 00:40:35,579 --> 00:40:46,889 just to try to survive it was a very 823 00:40:39,829 --> 00:40:49,380 pathetic situation in total contrast to 824 00:40:46,889 --> 00:40:51,769 the emaciated prisoners the high living 825 00:40:49,380 --> 00:40:54,599 [ __ ] stepped up their racketeering 826 00:40:51,769 --> 00:40:56,909 they stole gold teeth and jewelry from 827 00:40:54,599 --> 00:41:02,279 the prisoners and deposited the plunder 828 00:40:56,909 --> 00:41:05,460 in secret Swiss bank accounts her 829 00:41:02,280 --> 00:41:07,590 husband and she were trying to grab as 830 00:41:05,460 --> 00:41:09,869 much as they could from their position 831 00:41:07,590 --> 00:41:13,559 that means they also came into conflict 832 00:41:09,869 --> 00:41:17,130 with rules of the SS itself I think one 833 00:41:13,559 --> 00:41:19,460 of the key factors in the fall of the 834 00:41:17,130 --> 00:41:22,440 koch's is that many of the camp guards 835 00:41:19,460 --> 00:41:25,170 witnessed this corruption and resented 836 00:41:22,440 --> 00:41:28,500 it to some extent that the folks were 837 00:41:25,170 --> 00:41:31,110 using embezzled funds to enjoy a very 838 00:41:28,500 --> 00:41:33,300 lavish lifestyle he bought a big car he 839 00:41:31,110 --> 00:41:36,960 bought a boat bought a house on the lake 840 00:41:33,300 --> 00:41:39,180 all this on a salary that was a modest 841 00:41:36,960 --> 00:41:40,769 salary at least officially people began 842 00:41:39,179 --> 00:41:42,619 to ask questions where is the money 843 00:41:40,769 --> 00:41:46,590 coming from 844 00:41:42,619 --> 00:41:50,199 in 1942 the couple were charged with 845 00:41:46,590 --> 00:41:52,910 corruption by an SS court 846 00:41:50,199 --> 00:41:54,739 Carl took the blame and was sent to run 847 00:41:52,909 --> 00:42:00,039 a polish extermination camp to be 848 00:41:54,739 --> 00:42:02,809 sentenced at a later date Ilse cook was 849 00:42:00,039 --> 00:42:05,210 acquitted of charges of misuse of funds 850 00:42:02,809 --> 00:42:06,889 although her involvement I think your 851 00:42:05,210 --> 00:42:08,539 involvement is clear by her being 852 00:42:06,889 --> 00:42:11,989 included in the trial in the first place 853 00:42:08,539 --> 00:42:14,029 that many SS officers believe that she 854 00:42:11,989 --> 00:42:16,819 did take part in running of the camp and 855 00:42:14,030 --> 00:42:21,350 certainly knew about many of the corrupt 856 00:42:16,820 --> 00:42:23,870 elements of the Koch administration Ilsa 857 00:42:21,349 --> 00:42:25,819 remained at the camp with her husband 858 00:42:23,869 --> 00:42:29,000 out of the picture she sought male 859 00:42:25,820 --> 00:42:31,910 allies she had affairs with several 860 00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:35,469 high-ranking SS officers some of the men 861 00:42:31,909 --> 00:42:38,389 worked outside the fence and the SS 862 00:42:35,469 --> 00:42:41,480 barracks as a woman and they brought 863 00:42:38,389 --> 00:42:44,779 back stone soldiers about her sexuality 864 00:42:41,480 --> 00:42:50,079 and that she was going with all 865 00:42:44,780 --> 00:42:53,540 different assessment and officers in 866 00:42:50,079 --> 00:42:56,690 1944 Carl returned to bootcamp at to 867 00:42:53,539 --> 00:42:58,759 face trial for corruption torture and 868 00:42:56,690 --> 00:43:00,369 murder was nothing compared to ripping 869 00:42:58,760 --> 00:43:02,880 off the right 870 00:43:00,369 --> 00:43:02,880 on a 65693

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