All language subtitles for Incredible.Inventions.Series.1.10of10.Hot.Air.Balloon

Narrator: AROUND THE WORLD,
THE RACE TO WIN WARS

AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE

HAS CREATED SOME OF THE MOST

INCREDIBLE PRODUCTS
EVER DESIGNED,

AND WE USE THEM EVERY DAY,

UNAWARE OF THEIR
AMAZING ORIGINS.

ON "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS,"
HOT AIR BALLOONS,

AND HOW THEY IDEA
OF USING ONE TAKES FLIGHT

ON THE WAR-TORN BATTLE FIELDS
OF EUROPE,

SYNTHETIC RUBBER,

THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN WORLD WAR II,

AND THE TIRES WE USE TODAY...

METAL DETECTORS,
HOW AN INSTRUMENT

USED TO FIND
HIDDEN TREASURES HAS BEEN

SAVING LIVES FOR DECADES.

WE REVEAL THE AMAZING HISTORY

AND ENGINEERING BEHIND THESE

"INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS."

-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

Narrator: AGAINST THE DARK
BACKDROP OF THE NIGHTTIME SKY,

SKY LANTERNS ADD MAGIC

TO ANY CELEBRATION
WITH THEIR FIERY GLOW.

BUT DID YOU KNOW THAT THESE
TINY HOT AIR BALLOONS

WERE ACTUALLY USED IN WARFARE?
IT'S TRUE.

THEY WERE USED TO SEND
BATTLE ORDERS TO CHINESE TROOPS

DURING THE 3RD CENTURY A.D.

THE PRINCIPLE BEHIND
THE HOT AIR BALLOON

IS BASIC PHYSICS.

TO CREATE LIFT,
THE BALLOON FILLS UP

WITH A LIGHTER-THAN-AIR GAS,
SUCH AS HYDROGEN,

OR HELIUM OR, MORE COMMONLY,
WITH HOT AIR.

THEIR FIRST USE WAS
FOR WARFARE BY THE FRENCH

DURING THE BATTLE
OF FLEURUS IN 1794.

THAT'S WHEN THE NEW
REPUBLICAN FRENCH TROOPS

SENT UP A BALLOON
TO DIRECT ARTILLERY

AND SPY ON THE ENEMY.

THEY WERE EVEN USED
DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR.

ALTHOUGH IT WAS A LITTLE
DANGEROUS FOR THE OPERATOR.

Man: CAN YOU IMAGINE BEING
AN OBSERVER IN A WICKER BASKET

HANGING UNDERNEATH A BALLOON

AT THE BATTLE OF THE MARNE,

THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME?

YOU MUST BE READY
TO LEAP FOR YOUR LIFE.

THESE GUYS WERE GUTSY,
BUT THEY WERE VITAL.

Narrator:
BY THE SECOND WORLD WAR,

BALLOONS ARE BEING USED TO KEEP
AN EYE ON ENEMY AIRCRAFT.

Hicks:
THE SECOND WORLD WAR, OF COURSE,

YOU HAVE THEM
AS THE BARRAGE BALLOONS

TO PREVENT PLANES
COMING TOO LOW

TO DO THEIR DAMAGE
ABOVE IMPORTANT SITES.

THE INTRODUCTION OF
THE HOT AIR BALLOON

AS A MILITARY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT

REALLY DID OPEN UP
A NEW DIMENSION OF WARFARE

BECAUSE YOU TOOK
YOUR OBSERVERS,

FIRST OF ALL,
HIGH UP INTO THE AIR.

IT IS A MASSIVE STEP FORWARD

FOR THE MILITARY MACHINES
OF THE WORLD.

Narrator: THE HOT AIR BALLOON,
TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.

CAMERON BALLOONS IN ENGLAND

HAVE BEEN MAKING HOT
AIR BALLOONS SINCE 1971.

THEY ARE
THE LARGEST MANUFACTURER

OF HOT AIR BALLOONS
IN THE WORLD.

THERE'S NO SUCH THING
AS AN AVERAGE HOT AIR BALLOON

BECAUSE THEY'RE ALL
INDIVIDUAL AND BESPOKE.

BUT I SUPPOSE IT TAKES US

BETWEEN 6 AND 12 WEEKS

TO MAKE A BALLOON,

SOMETIMES A BIT LONGER
IF A COMPLICATED SPECIAL SHAPE.

AND WE MAKE PROBABLY BETWEEN
90 AND 120 BALLOONS A YEAR.

♪♪

THE HOT-AIR-BALLOON-MAKING
PROCESS STARTS

WITH ACTUALLY SITTING DOWN

AND DISCUSSING WHAT
THE PERSON ACTUALLY WANTS.

ONCE WE'VE GOT
THAT ESTABLISHED,

WE CAN THEN PUT IT
INTO PRODUCTION.

THERE'S QUITE A LOT
OF DESIGN AND PLANNING

AND ARTWORK SET UP THAT HAPPENS.

AND THEN IT CAN GO INTO CUTTING

WHERE ALL THE FABRIC
AND THE TAPES

AND ALL THE MATERIALS
ARE GOT TOGETHER

FOR THE FABRIC PART
OF THE BALLOON.

Narrator: THE MATERIAL THAT WILL
MAKE THE BALLOON ITSELF

IS CUT INTO ALL
THE DIFFERENT SHAPES

THAT WILL BE REQUIRED.

DIFFERENT MATERIALS ARE USED

IN DIFFERENT PARTS
OF THE BALLOON.

Cameron: THE MAIN ONES WE USE
FOR HOT AIR BALLOONS

ARE ONE CALLED HYPERLAST

WHICH IS USED AT THE TOP
OF THE BALLOON.

IT'S A VERY SLIPPERY,
STRONG FABRIC,

VERY HEAT RESISTANT,

AND IN THE MIDDLE SECTION
OF THE BALLOON,

WE USE A RIPSTOP NYLON,

WHICH IS VERY LIGHT,
VERY STRONG,

AND IT'S EVEN LIGHTER THAN YOUR
NORMAL COMPUTER PAPER AT HOME.

AND AT THE BOTTOM
OF THE BALLOON, WE USE A FABRIC

THAT'S VERY SIMILAR TO
RACING-CAR-DRIVER SUITS.

IT'S VERY HEAT-RESISTANT
BECAUSE, OF COURSE,

THAT'S WHERE THE RADIANT
HEAT FROM THE BURNER IS.

Narrator: THE DIFFERENT PIECES
ARE SORTED

INTO SECTIONS FOR EASY
IDENTIFICATION LATER ON.

MEANWHILE, THE BURNERS
THAT SUPPLY THE HOT AIR

TO THE BALLOON ARE BUILT
FROM SCRATCH IN THE FACTORY.

TO BETTER SUIT THE NEEDS
OF A HOT AIR BALLOON,

CAMERON BALLOONS HAVE DEVELOPED
DIFFERENT MATERIALS OVER TIME.

MATERIALS NEED TO
BE LONG LASTING,

SO THEY'RE CONSTANTLY TESTED
DURING THE PRODUCTION PROCESS

TO ENSURE THEY MEET QUALITY
AND SAFETY STANDARDS.

THE MATERIAL PIECES
ARE SOWN TOGETHER,

INCORPORATING THE LOAD STRAPS

THAT FORM THE STRUCTURE
OF THE BALLOON

AND BEAR THE WEIGHT
OF THE BASKET,

BURNERS, AND PASSENGERS.

Cameron: THE OVERALL
CONSTRUCTION

OF A HOT AIR BALLOON
IS ACTUALLY QUITE SIMPLE.

THERE'S A LOAD RING
A THE VERY TOP OF THE BALLOON.

FROM THAT POINT,
THERE CARRIES SOME TAPES

WHICH COME DOWN TO A LOAD
RING AT THE BURNER.

SO THE FABRIC JUST HOLDS
IN THE HOT AIR.

THE LOAD TAPES CARRY THE LOAD,

AND THE RING AT THE TOP
AND THE RING AT THE BOTTOM

ACTUALLY HELP SUSPEND
ALL OF THAT.

Narrator:
DESPITE THE DEVELOPMENTS

OF NEW ALTERNATIVES,
THE BASKETS

ARE STILL MADE
FROM TRADITIONAL MATERIALS.

DEPENDING ON CUSTOMER
REQUIREMENTS,

THEY ARE FITTED OUT
WITH LEATHER-COVERED

PADDING AND TRIM.

Cameron:
WE NOT ONLY HAVE TO APPLY

ALL THE CUSTOMER'S REQUIREMENTS

FOR DIFFERENT COLOR TRIM
AND CUSHIONS AND SO ON,

BUT THIS IS THE PLACE
WHERE THE PASSENGERS

AND THE FUEL TANKS WILL BE.

IT HAS TO PERFORM
UNDER DURESS, AND, IN FACT,

IT HAS TO DO DROP TESTS
AND VARIOUS CRUSH TESTS.

♪♪

Narrator:
ONCE FINISHED, THE BALLOON

IS THOROUGHLY TESTED BY THE TEAM
BEFORE DELIVERY TO THE CUSTOMER.

Cameron: WE CONTINUALLY
INSPECT OUR WORK

AS WE GO ALONG,

AND THEN WE GO
TO A FINAL TEST

AND INSPECTION STAGE.

AND THIS WE DO ALL TOGETHER

ON EVERY PART OF THE BALLOON

TO MAKE SURE THAT WE ARE 100%
HAPPY WITH IT,

SO WE CAN, HAND ON HEART,

GIVE IT TO OUR CUSTOMERS
WITH FULL CONFIDENCE.

♪♪

Narrator: SIT TIGHT --
AFTER THE BREAK,

WE RETURN TO EARTH
TO DISCOVER THE SECRETS

OF AMAZING SYNTHETIC RUBBER.

♪♪

Narrator: OUR DAILY LIVES
ARE MADE EASIER

BY ANY NUMBER
OF AMAZING INNOVATIONS,

BUT THERE IS ONE THAT
IS ARGUABLY THE GREATEST

OF ALL TIME,
AND THAT'S THE WHEEL.

THE WHEEL'S ORIGIN MAY BE
A BIT LOST IN TIME,

BUT THE RUBBER AROUND A CAR TIRE

IS DIRECTLY LINKED
TO WORLD WAR II.

HOW?

WELL, IT ALL BEGINS
WITH NATURAL RUBBER.

RUBBER COMES FROM
THE RUBBER TREE,

AS IT IS CALLED --
THAT'S A TREE

ORIGINALLY
FOUND IN SOUTH AMERICA.

AND WHAT YOU DO
IS YOU TAKE THE TREE.

YOU CUT THE BARK,

AND SAP SLOWLY RUNS OUT OF IT.

THIS SAP IS A MILKY MIXTURE
OF WATER AND LATEX.

LATEX CONTAINS RUBBER
AND LATEX MOLECULES,

AND WHAT'S THEN DONE
IS IT'S PROCESSED

WITH A BIT OF ACID,

AND THE RUBBER ITSELF
CAN COME OUT.

THE PEOPLES OF SOUTH AMERICA
USED IT FOR MANY THINGS

INCLUDING WATERPROOF
COATS, SHOES,

AND BALLS TO PLAY
THEIR BALL GAMES

THAT THEY'RE QUITE FAMOUS
FOR IN ANCIENT CULTURES.

Narrator: NATURAL RUBBER MAY BE
A USEFUL MATERIAL,

BUT IT DOES HAVE IT'S LIMITS.

Gazard: IT HAS ONLY A CERTAIN

TEMPERATURE RANGE OVER
WHICH IT WILL WORK.

IN COLD WINTERS,
IT WILL FREEZE ROCK SOLID

AND BECOME AFFECTED LIKE A ROCK,

NOT VERY USEFUL FOR
IT'S ELASTIC PROPERTIES.

WHEN IT GETS TOO WARM,
IT WILL MELT,

WHICH OBVIOUSLY
DOESN'T WORK VERY WELL

IF YOU'RE TRYING TO USE IT
AS A TIRE IN A HOT COUNTRY.

Narrator: IN 1839,
CHARLES GOODYEAR

ACCIDENTALLY STUMBLES ON
THE WAY

TO IMPROVE THE VERSATILITY
OF NATURAL RUBBER.

IT'S CALLED VULCANIZATION.

AND BY ADDING SULFUR
AND LEAD TO NATURAL RUBBER

AND HEATING IT,

THE PROCESS CROSS-LINKS
THE NATURAL RUBBER FIBERS

AND MOLECULES MAKING
THE MATERIALS MORE DURABLE.

WHEN A COMPOUND MELTS,

ITS MOLECULES SLIDE
PAST EACH OTHER.

IF RUBBER IS CROSS-LINKED,

THAN THE COMPOUND LOOSES
THAT ABILITY,

SO IT RETAINS
THE STRETCHINESS OF RUBBER

OVER THE GREATER RANGE
OF TEMPERATURES.

THIS NEW,
IMPROVED RUBBER HAS MANY USES.

SO, THE WORLD GOES CRAZY
FOR RUBBER TIRES,

BUT WHAT IS
THE WORLD WAR II CONNECTION?

WHEN THE JAPANESE
INVADE SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 1941,

THE MAJORITY OF THE WORLD'S
RUBBER RESOURCES

FALL UNDER ITS CONTROL,

CREATING A DIFFICULT
SITUATION FOR THE U.S.

THE U.S. WAS ENTERING THE WAR,

AND IT NEEDED SUPPLIES
OF RUBBER IN ORDER

TO MAN THE BATTLE SHIPS,
THE DESTROYERS,

AND EVERY THING IN PARTS
AND MUNITIONS IN THE WAR EFFORT.

THE PROBLEM WAS THEY HAD
A MILLION TONS' WORTH OF RUBBER

AND WERE GOING THROUGH IT
AT A RATE OF ABOUT

600,000 TONS A YEAR,

SO, A YEAR AND A HALF
SUPPLY AT MOST.

THEY FORMED
THE RUBBER RESERVE COMMITTEE

SO THAT ALL SCRAPS OF RUBBER

COULD BE TAKEN IN AND RECYCLED

AND MANUFACTURED AND REUSED.

ABOUT 3 YEARS LATER,
TOWARDS THE END OF THE WAR,

THEY WORKED OUT ENOUGH FACTORIES

TO PRODUCE 70,000 TONS
PER MONTH

INSTEAD OF 231 TONS PER YEAR.

AND THIS OBVIOUSLY GREATLY
INCREASED THE ABILITY

FOR THE U.S. TO HELP THE ALLIES
TO FIGHT THE WAR.

Narrator: SYNTHETIC RUBBER KEEPS
THE U.S. WAR MACHINE MOVING

DURING THE DARK DAYS
OF THE EARLY 1940s.

BUT WHAT'S THE SECRET BEHIND
THIS WAR-WINNING TECHNOLOGY?

SYNTHETIC RUBBER WAS
ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED

BY WILLIAM TILDON IN 1879.

HE WORKED OUT THAT HE COULD
TAKE ISOPRENE AND POLYMERIZERS.

LATER ON, IT WAS DISCOVERED
THAT ADDING SODIUM

TO THE MIXTURE YOU COULD
INCREASE THE POLYMERIZATION,

AND THUS PRODUCE SYNTHETIC
RUBBER QUITE QUICKLY.

Narrator: AFTER ITS SUCCESS
IN WORLD WAR II,

SYNTHETIC RUBBER
NEVER LOOKS BACK.

AND TODAY, IT'S USED FAR MORE

WIDELY THAN ITS COUSIN,
NATURAL RUBBER.

AN AMAZING 70 PERCENT
OF ALL ROAD TIRES TODAY

ARE MADE FROM SYNTHETIC RUBBER.

SO, THE NEXT TIME
YOU TAKE A TRIP

IN YOUR CAR
OR A RIDE ON THE BUS,

REMEMBER THAT YOU'RE BEING
CARRIED ALONG BY MATERIAL

THAT WAS DEVELOPED
TO WIN WORLD WAR II.

COMING UP NEXT,
A SPECIAL EXPERIMENT

TO SHOW THE EXTRAORDINARY FORCES

AT WORK ON AN ORDINARY TIRE.

♪♪

Narrator: SYNTHETIC RUBBER MAY
BE AN OUTSTANDING INVENTION,

BUT THE DIFFERENT FORCES
ACTING ON CAR TIRES

MAKE THIS WONDER MATERIAL
EVEN MORE IMPRESSIVE.

TO BEGIN, OUR TESTER
TAKES TWO CATALOGS

AND BEGINS TO INTERWEAVE
THEIR PAGES.

THE EXPERIMENT WILL WORK BEST

IF YOU USE TWO SOFTBACK CATALOGS

AND TRY AND SANDWICH
AS MANY PAGES AS YOU CAN.

ALTHOUGH, A FEW PAGES AT A TIME
WILL STILL GIVE YOU A RESULT.

SOMETIME LATER, AND THE TWO
WEIGHTY CATALOGS

HAVE MOST OF THEIR PAGES
RESTING IN BETWEEN EACH OTHER.

NOW THEN, TRY
PULLING THEM APART.

IT'S NOT SO EASY, AND IT'S ALL
BECAUSE OF FRICTION.

FRICTION IS THE FORCE
THAT OPPOSES MOTION

WHEN TWO SURFACES
COME INTO CONTACT.

PLACE A SHEET OF PAPER
ON TOP OF ANOTHER,

AND IT'S EASY
TO SLIDE THEM APART.

BUT WHEN YOU HAVE HOARDS
OF PAPERS ALL ACTUALLY TOGETHER,

THEN THE FORCE IS IMMENSE.

SO, HOW MUCH FORCE IS NEEDED
TO PRY THE TWO BOOKS APART?

THIS CALLS FOR AN EXPERIMENT.

THE MATERIALS: WOOD, WEIGHTS,
WIRE, PULLEYS, CLAMPS,

AND AN ASSORTMENT OF SCREWS.

OUR TESTER CONSTRUCTS
A RIG THAT WILL ALLOW WEIGHTS

TO BE SUSPENDED
FROM EACH BOOK

SO WE CAN FIND OUT
HOW MUCH WEIGHT

WILL MAKE THE BOOK SLIP APART.

LET'S SEE IF WE CAN
BEAT MOTHER NATURE'S FRICTION.

GRADUALLY, OUR TESTER
ADDS THE WEIGHTS.

THE WIRES GO TAUT
UNDER THE STRING,

BUT THE BOOKS REFUSE TO BUDGE.

HOW MUCH WEIGHT
CAN THE PAGES TAKE?

WELL, QUITE A BIT ACTUALLY.

IN THE END,
OUR TESTER IS DEFEATED

WITH JUST ABOUT 154 POUNDS,

THE SIZE OF A HUMAN,

TRYING TO PULL
THE TWO BOOKS APART.

WE HAVE TO STOP THE EXPERIMENT
AS OUR RIG THREATENS

TO BREAK UNDER
THE TESTING CONDITIONS.

AND OUR CONCLUSION
IS NEVER UNDERESTIMATE

THE POWER OF FRICTION.

THE PROSPECT OF FINDING
OF BURIED GOLD

AND PRECIOUS METALS
DRAWS THOUSANDS AROUND THE WORLD

TO THE HOBBY OF DETECTING.

DETECTORISTS,
AS THEY'RE CALLED TODAY,

HAVE FOUND FABULOUS HOARDS
OF ANCIENT TREASURES

THAT HAVE SAT UNDETECTED
FOR CENTURIES.

IN 1919, THEIR MISSION
GETS A MAJOR UPGRADE

WITH THE INVENTION
OF THE METAL DETECTOR.

♪♪

IT ALL BEGINS WITH TWO
ELECTROMAGNETIC COILS.

Man:
IN YOUR METAL DETECTOR,

YOU'RE SENDING
AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT

THROUGH THE CENTER COIL.

THE CHANGING OF THAT
ELECTRICAL CURRENT CREATES

A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD,

A MAGNETIC PULSE,
IN THE DETECTOR.

THIS PULSE GOES
INTO THE GROUND,

AND WHERE IT IS PICKED UP
THE MAGNETIC OBJECT,

THE MAGNETIC CHANGING
MAGNETIC PULSE CAUSES

A CURRENT TO BE
GENERATED IN THE METAL,

AND THAT CURRENT THEN GENERATES,

IN TURN, A MAGNETIC RESPONSE

THAT YOUR METAL DETECTOR

IS NOW PICKING UP
THROUGH THE RECEIVER COIL.

AND THAT THEN, IN TURN,

GENERATES A CHANGING CURRENT
IN A METAL DETECTOR

THAT IS USED TO SIGNAL

THAT YOU HAVE FOUND
AN OBJECT IN THE GROUND.

Narrator: IT MAY SURPRISE
YOU TO LEARN

THAT THE FIRST USE
OF THESE DEVICES

IS NOT TO FIND TREASURE
OR PRECIOUS METALS,

BUT TO CLEAR THE BATTLE FIELDS
OF FRANCE AFTER WORLD WAR I.

BY WORLD WAR II, A LIGHTER,

MORE USER-FRIENDLY
DESIGN IS INVENTED.

AND IN 1942,
AFTER THE GERMAN ARMY

IS DEFEATED AT EL ALAMEIN
IN NORTH AFRICA,

THE ALLIES ARE IN HOT PURSUIT.

CLOSING IN ON THE ENEMY,

THE ALLIES ARE STOPPED
IN THEIR TRACKS

BY A DEADLY MINEFIELD.

BUT ARMED WITH A NEWLY
DESIGNED MINE DETECTOR,

ALLIED TROOPS LOCATE
AND DISARM THE EXPLOSIVES.

METAL DETECTORS TODAY
HAVE MANY APPLICATIONS.

THEY PLAY THEIR PART
IN THE WAR ON TERROR

BY SCANNING PASSENGERS

FOR HIDDEN WEAPONS
AT AIRPORTS.

THEY'RE ALSO USED
IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN.

BUT, OF COURSE,
METAL DETECTORS AREN'T

JUST USED FOR SECURITY
AND IN WAR.

Man: ANOTHER INTERESTING USE
IS THE LOCAL DALLAS AQUARIUM.

THEY HAVE A BIG PENGUIN TANK
WITH A NUMBER OF PENGUINS

WHERE YOU CAN WATCH THEM SWIM,
AND AS IT WOULD BE,

PEOPLE INVARIABLY WANT
TO THROW THINGS INTO THE WATER.

THE PENGUINS WILL
INGEST THESE THINGS.

SO THE ZOO THERE WILL ACTUALLY
TAKE THOSE PENGUINS

AND LINE THEM UP
AND SCAN THEIR LITTLE BODIES

WITH THE HAND SCANNER TO SEE
IF ANYTHING'S IN THEIR BELLIES.

AND THEY FOUND QUITE A FEW
METALLIC OBJECTS THE PENGUINS

HAVE INGESTED THAT MIGHT
HAVE OTHERWISE KILLED THEM

IF THEY WERE NOT
REMOVED QUICKLY.

Narrator: AS THE TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPS AND IMPROVES,

IT'S INCREASINGLY
LIKELY THAT THE EARTH

WILL GIVE UP MORE OF ITS
METAL TREASURES,

SOME OF THEM BURIED
FOR MILLENNIA.

HOLD ON TO YOUR BOOTY!
AFTER THE BREAK,

WE'LL VISIT A FACTORY TO SEE
HOW A METAL DETECTOR IS MADE.

Narrator: TODAY, GARRETT METAL
DETECTORS IN HOUSTON, TEXAS,

IS ONE OF THE LEADING
PRODUCERS OF METAL DETECTORS.

CHARLES GARRETT,
AN AVID TREASURE HUNTER,

BEGAN BUILDING HIS PROTOTYPE

METAL DETECTOR MORE
THAN 50 YEARS AGO.

STILL VERY MUCH
A FAMILY-RUN BUSINESS TODAY,

GARRETT HAS GROWN
INTO ONE OF THE LEADING

METAL DETECTOR MANUFACTURERS
IN THE WORLD.

THE PRODUCTION PROCESS
BEGINS WITH MAGNETIC MODELING.

THIS HELPS THE ENGINEERS
TO MONITOR

THE DETECTORS PERFORMANCE
AND DESIGN THE STYLE

AND SHAPE OF THE
ALL-IMPORTANT DETECTION COIL.

THE PLASTIC CASING
OF THE METAL DETECTOR

IS THEN DESIGNED USING
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN,

OR CAD, SOFTWARE.

THIS ALLOWS THE ENGINEER
TO LOOK

AT THE STRESS PATTERNS
OF THE PLASTIC

AND ENABLES HIM TO PRODUCE
THE MOST DURABLE, FUNCTIONAL,

AND ERGONOMIC DESIGN POSSIBLE.

THE COMPONENT PARTS,
CONNECTING WIRES

AND OTHER ELEMENTS
OF THE CIRCUIT BOARD,

ARE THEN MAPPED OUT.

ONCE THIS IS DONE,
IT IS THEN TIME

TO PUT THE ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
ONTO THE CIRCUIT BOARD.

FIRST, THE SOLDER PASTE

IS PRINTED ONTO
THE CIRCUIT BOARD,

READY FOR THE BOARD TO BE MOVED
ONTO THE PICK AND PLACE MACHINE.

THE MANY DIFFERENT
COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP

THE METAL DETECTOR'S
CIRCUIT BOARD

ARE PICKED FROM A REEL
BY A HIGH-SPEED

PICK-AND-PLACE MACHINE
AND PLACED ONTO THE BOARD.

AUTOMATED PROCESSES SUCH
AS THESE ALLOW

FOR EXTREME HIGH ACCURACY

AND FASTER PRODUCTION
OF THE CIRCUIT BOARDS.

THE BOARDS ARE THEN PLACED
THROUGH A RE-FLOW OVEN

IN WHICH THE SOLDER
PASTE IS HEATED,

WHICH FUSES IT TO THE
COMPONENTS AND THE BOARD.

THE KEY ELEMENT
OF ANY METAL DETECTOR

IS THE SEARCH COIL.

THE COIL IS MADE BY WINDING
COPPER WIRE ON A PLASTIC BOBBIN.

IT'S CUSTOM-DESIGNED
AND COMPUTER-CONTROLLED,

SO THAT THE NUMBER OF WINDINGS,
LOCATION OF THE WIRES

AND THE TENSION
CAN BE CONSISTENT.

THE COIL IS THEN PASSED
ON TO THE COIL WIRING LINE.

THE CIRCUIT BOARD,

FRESHLY SPUN MAGNETIC COILS

AND CABLES ARE ALL PUT
INTO THE PLASTIC SHELL

AND THEN SECURED
WITH HEATED GLUE.

NOW THAT THE COILS HAVE BEEN
PLACED INTO THE SHELL,

AND THE WIRES
HAVE BEEN CONNECTED,

THEY'RE ALL ENCAPSULATED
IN EPOXY RESIN

USING AN AUTOMATED MIXING
AND DISPENSING MACHINE.

WITH THE SEARCH COIL COMPLETE,

THE ALUMINUM TUBES OF
THE METAL DETECTOR,

WHICH WILL FORM IT'S STEM
AND HANDLE, ARE BENT TO SHAPE.

THIS BENDS THE METAL
TO EXACTLY THE RIGHT SHAPE,

DEPENDING ON THE MODEL OF
METAL DETECTOR BEING PRODUCED.

HOLES ARE THEN PUNCHED INTO
THE FRESHLY BENT METAL STEMS

TO ALLOW FOR THE PLASTIC CASINGS
TO BE FITTED TO THEM.

THE METAL DETECTOR

IS THEN FINISHED
ON THE FINAL ASSEMBLY LINE.

THE CIRCUIT BOARDS ARE FIRST
PLACED INTO A PROGRAMMER

THAT INSTALLS
THE DETECTOR'S SOFTWARE.

ONCE THIS IS COMPLETE,
THE BOARD IS CALIBRATED

USING TEST OBJECTS SUCH AS COINS

THAT SPIN OVER
THE DETECTION COIL.

THIS SENDS SIGNALS TO THE BOARD
THAT ALLOWS THE OPERATOR

TO CALIBRATE IT AS WELL
AS SIGNALING

THAT EVERYTHING IS WORKING
AS IT SHOULD BE.

WITH THE BOARD COMPLETE,
BATTERY CONTACTS AND SPEAKERS

ARE FITTED INTO
THE PLASTIC CONSOLE CASING.

THE CIRCUIT BOARD
AND FRONT PANEL ARE ADDED.

THE CASING'S LABEL
IS STUCK INTO PLACE

BEFORE IT IS PASSED
DOWN THE LINE

TO BE SCREWED AND SECURED,
BATTERIES ADDED,

AND THEN BRANDED.

NOW, A TORQUE WRENCH

IS USED TO SECURE THE NUTS
FOR THE CONNECTORS.

ONE CONNECTOR IS
FOR THE SEARCH COIL,

AND THE OTHER IS
FOR THE HEADPHONES.

THE FRESHLY POWDER-COATED STEMS

ARE NOW ATTACHED
TO THE CONSOLE

AS WELL AS THE CUFF ASSEMBLY.

THE DETECTOR IS ATTACHED
TO ITS SEARCH COIL,

AND DIFFERENT METALS ARE AGAIN
PASSED OVER IT IN ORDER

TO VERIFY THAT THE DETECTOR

IS DETECTING
WITH THE CORRECT SENSITIVITY.

FINAL ASSEMBLY COMPLETE
AND ALL TESTS PASSED,

THE METAL DETECTOR
IS THEN BOXED UP

AND SHIPPED OFF,

READY TO DISCOVER
INCREDIBLE NEW TREASURES.

SO THERE YOU HAVE IT,

A GLANCE THROUGH
THE HIDDEN HISTORY

AND SUPER SCIENCE OF
SOME AMAZING PRODUCTS

THAT YOU USE EVERY DAY:

HOT AIR BALLOONS,

SYNTHETIC RUBBER,

AND METAL DETECTORS.

THEY MAY SEEM
COMMON AND ORDINARY.

HOWEVER, THESE PRODUCTS
HELPED CHANGED WORLD,

ONE INCREDIBLE INVENTION
AT A TIME.