All language subtitles for Incredible.Inventions.Series.1.02of10.Wrist.Watch

Narrator: AROUND THE WORLD,

THE RACE TO WIN WARS
AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE

HAVE CREATED SOME OF THE MOST

INCREDIBLE PRODUCTS
EVER DESIGNED.

AND WE USE THEM EVERY DAY,

UNAWARE OF THEIR
AMAZING ORIGINS.

ON "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS,"

THE WRISTWATCH --
HOW DOES WORLD WAR I

FIT INTO ITS POPULARITY TODAY?

THE DIGITAL CAMERA --

WHAT IS THE LINK BETWEEN
SPY SATELLITES AND THE SELFIE?

THE PROSTHETIC LEG --

THE AMAZING EVOLUTION
OF THIS HIGH-TECH WONDER.

WE REVEAL
THE AMAZING HISTORY

AND ENGINEERING BEHIND
THESE INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS.

-- Captions by VITAC --
www.vitac.com

CAPTIONS PAID FOR BY
DISCOVERY COMMUNICATIONS

THE MODERN WRISTWATCH
HAS MANY ROLES,

AN EXPENSIVE PIECE OF JEWELRY,

A HIGH-TECH WRIST-WORN
COMPUTER,

EVEN A DEVICE TO TELL THE TIME.

BUT DO YOU KNOW
THAT WARFARE IS THE REASON

FOR ITS POPULARITY TODAY?

PERSONAL WATCHES CAN TRACE

THEIR ORIGINS BACK
TO 16th CENTURY EUROPE

WITH TIME PIECES WORN BY MEN

AS PENDANTS
AROUND THEIR NECK.

WATCHES WERE A VERY
EXPENSIVE ITEM,

AND THE WRISTWATCH
WAS USED EXCLUSIVELY

AS A FEMALE ACCESSORY,

TYPIFIED BY ROBERT DUDLEY

PRESENTING A WRISTWATCH
TO THE ENGLISH QUEEN,

ELIZABETH THE FIRST, IN 1571.

Ellis: WRISTWATCHES WERE MAINLY
RESERVED FOR WOMEN

AND WERE KNOWN THEN
AS WRISTLETS.

AND IT WAS CERTAINLY
VERY EFFEMINATE

FOR A MAN TO WEAR A WRISTWATCH.

Narrator: IT WAS IN WORLD WAR
I,
THOUGH, THAT GOOD TIMEKEEPING

BECAME AS IMPORTANT
AS THE BULLETS

IN A SOLDIER'S GUN
OR THE BOOTS ON HIS FEET.

WE COME TO THE FIRST WORLD WAR.

WE HAVE THE FAMOUS --
OR THE INFAMOUS --

BATTLE OF THE SOMME
THE 1st OF JULY, 1916.

7:30 IN THE MORNING,

YOU'VE GOT TO KNOW EXACTLY
WHAT TIME YOU'RE GOING OVER.

IF YOU'RE HOLDING
A POCKET WATCH,

HOW ARE YOU THEN
GOING TO HOLD YOUR WEAPON?

Narrator: THE ONLY WAY THE
SOLDIERS COULD SAFELY ADVANCE

WAS IF A CREEPING BARRAGE
BY THEIR OWN ARTILLERY

SCREENED THEIR ADVANCE

LIKE A HUGE EXPLODING CURTAIN
FALLING JUST AHEAD OF THEM.

AS THEY MOVED FORWARD,
SO DID THE COVERING FIRE,

KILLING THE ENEMY BUT GOING
OVER
THE HEADS OF THEIR OWN SIDE.

TO PROTECT THE GLASS FACE FROM
THE MUD, BLOOD, AND BULLETS,

THE WATCHES WERE FITTED
WITH SHOCK-PROOF FACES.

AND LUMINOUS DIALS
WERE DEVELOPED

TO GIVE AN ACCURATE TIME CHECK
IN THE DARK OF A TRENCH

WHERE A SNIPER'S BULLET
WOULD FIND ITS TARGET

IF A LIGHT WAS TURNED ON.

WITH THE MEMORY
OF THEIR PRACTICALITY

IN WORLD WAR I
FRESH IN THEIR MINDS

AND THE AVAILABILITY
OF CHEAP PARTS

AND MASS PRODUCTION,

EVEN THE ORDINARY MAN
CAN NOW AFFORD ONE.

BUT JUST HOW IS
A WRISTWATCH MANUFACTURED?

THE SCHOFIELD WATCH COMPANY

HAS BEEN CREATING LUXURY
WRISTWATCHES SINCE 2011.

THE LIFE OF A SCHOFIELD WATCH
STARTS WITH THE MANUFACTURE

OF THE WATCH CASE.

THE WATCH CASE IS
COMPRISED OF TWO PARTS,

THE FRONT, WHICH THE STRAP
WILL BE FITTED TO,

AND THE REAR,
WHICH IS A GLASS WINDOW

TO DISPLAY THE WATCH MECHANISM.

IT TAKES MANY MAN HOURS
TO MAKE A MECHANICAL
WRISTWATCH,

AND A MECHANICAL
WRISTWATCH ESPECIALLY,

BECAUSE THERE ARE
SO MANY MOVING PARTS.

THERE'S SO MUCH
ENGINEERING INVOLVED.

A CASE ALONE TAKES

ABOUT 14 HOURS
TO MACHINE FROM BILLET

TO THE FINISHED PIECE
READY FOR ASSEMBLY.

Narrator: THE FRONT PART
OF THE WATCH CASE STARTS OFF

AS A LARGE PIECE OF TITANIUM
CALLED A BILLET.

THE BILLET UNDERGOES A LONG

AND RIGOROUS PROCESS
CALLED MACHINING

WHERE ITS SHAPE IS SCULPTED

USING THE LATEST COMPUTER
NUMERIC CONTROL MACHINERY.

ALSO KNOWN AS CNC MACHINES,

THESE MILLS AND BLADES CAN CUT
WITH ABSOLUTE PRECISION

TO ACHIEVE A PERFECT FINISH.

EVEN USING
STATE-OF-THE-ART MACHINERY,

THE SHAPING PROCESS
STILL TAKES EIGHT HOURS.

TO BEGIN, THE BILLET
IS FIXED TO A LATHE

WHERE THE FIRST CUTS
AND INITIAL HOLES ARE MADE.

ONCE COMPLETED,
THE BILLET IS THEN TAKEN

THROUGH THE FIRST OF MANY
MILLED PROCESSES.

HERE, THE INNER THREADS
ARE BORED OUT,

CLEANED, AND EXAMINED BY HAND.

THEN IT IS BACK TO THE MILL
WHERE THE FRONT,

TOP, AND BACK OF THE NEWLY
FORMED CASE IS CARVED OUT.

IT'S HERE THAT WE CAN START TO
SEE THE WATCH CASE TAKING
SHAPE.

A STAINLESS-STEEL BACK
IS FITTED,

THEN IT'S BACK TO THE MILL
ONCE AGAIN FOR FINE-TUNING.

THE CASING IS PUT THROUGH
ITS FINAL MACHINE PROCESS

BEFORE IT IS SENT TO BE
INSPECTED BY HAND.

EACH CASE MUST PASS
THROUGH INSPECTION

BEFORE IT IS RELEASED
TO THE ASSEMBLY LABS.

ONCE THE CASE
PASSES INSPECTION,

IT IS SENT TO THE ASSEMBLY LAB

WHERE SKILLED WATCHMAKERS
BEGIN A DETAILED

AND METICULOUS ROUTINE
TO HAND BUILD THE WATCHES.

THE FIRST STAGE
IS TO USE A MACHINE

CALLED A CRYSTAL PRESS.

IT IS USED TO PRESS
THE GLASS INTO THE CASE

TO CREATE A TIGHT FRICTION FIT

AND TO HELP KEEP
THE WATCH WATERPROOF.

THE MAKER THEN CAREFULLY
SELECTS
THE MOVEMENT PARTS BY HAND

FROM A RANGE OF NEW
AND OLD STOCK

THAT HAS BEEN FULLY
REFURBISHED.

THE WATCH IS COMPRISED

OF AN EXTREMELY COMPLICATED
SET OF PARTS,

AND IT CAN TAKE UP
TO THREE HOURS

FOR A SKILLED WATCH
MAKER TO CAREFULLY

AND PRECISELY PLACE
ALL THE MOVEMENTS,

AUTO WORKS, AND ROTORS
TOGETHER.

THEN IT COMES TO
ACTUAL WATCH ASSEMBLY

AND THE BUILDING
OF THE MOVEMENTS.

AND, AGAIN, LOOKING AT THE
BETA,

WE USE NEW
OLD-STOCK SWISS MOVEMENTS,

AND THESE HAVE
TO BE SERVICED.

SO, EFFECTIVELY,
THEY'RE STRIPPED DOWN

TO THEIR COMPONENT PARTS,
THEN THEY'RE REBUILT.

SO WE'RE LOOKING
AT A FURTHER THREE HOURS

TO PUT THAT TOGETHER
BY A WATCHMAKER.

SO, WE REALLY ARE ACCUMULATING
A LOT OF MAN HOURS

TO BE ABLE
TO PUT A WRISTWATCH TOGETHER.

Narrator: THE DIAL IS THEN
ADDED
ALONG WITH THE HANDS

BEFORE TESTING AT KEY
POINTS ENSURES

ALL THE MECHANISMS
ARE ALIGNED CORRECTLY.

THE MOVEMENT IS THEN PLACED
INSIDE THE CASING

AND FASTENED INTO PLACE

TO MAKE SURE THE FIT
IS TIGHT AND WATERPROOF.

THE COMPLETED WATCH
IS THEN PUT THROUGH A PRESSURE

AND VACUUM MACHINE

TO TEST THE TOLERANCE LEVELS
OF THE WATCH.

AND TO MAKE SURE IT MEETS
SCHOFIELD'S HIGHEST STANDARDS,

EVERY WATCH THAT
LEAVES THE FACTORY

IS METICULOUSLY INSPECTED,

WITH FINAL INSPECTIONS
CARRIED OUT BY HAND

BEFORE BEING PACKAGED INTO

A HAND-CRAFTED BOX
READY FOR DELIVERY.

SO, THE NEXT TIME YOU GLANCE

AT THAT ENGINEERING MASTERPIECE

SITTING ON YOUR WRIST,

REMEMBER IT OWES ITS POPULARITY

TO THE HELL
ON THE WESTERN FRONT.

WHEN "INCREDIBLE INVENTIONS"
RETURNS,

WE FIND OUT
WHAT THE EVERYDAY SELFIE

HAS IN COMMON
WITH SPY SATELLITES.

Narrator: WHO DOESN'T LOVE
TAKING A QUICK FAMILY SNAPSHOT,

A PHOTO
OF AN AMAZING EXPERIENCE,

AND EVEN THE MUNDANE SHOT
OF WHAT YOU ATE LAST NIGHT?

BUT HAVE YOU EVER CONSIDERED
THE TECHNOLOGY

THAT HAS MADE PHOTOGRAPHY
SO EASY AND INSTANT?

AND WHAT HAS A SELFIE

GOT IN COMMON
WITH SPY SATELLITES?

THE ANSWER IS
THE DIGITAL CAMERA.

IF YOU ARE UNDER
THE AGE OF 20,

YOU CANNOT POSSIBLY IMAGINE

HOW THIS TECHNOLOGY
HAS CHANGED

THE WAY WE TAKE
AND SHARE A PICTURE.

IN THE YEARS B.C. --
THAT'S BEFORE CAMERAS --

THE ONLY WAY TO CREATE AN IMAGE
WAS TO TAKE OUT AN EASEL

AND START PAINTING AWAY.

THE INVENTION OF THE FILM
CAMERA
AND ITS INTRODUCTION

TO THE MASS MARKET
IN THE 1900s CHANGED ALL THAT.

NOW SCIENCE HAS GIVEN
EVERYONE THE ABILITY

TO CAPTURE
THAT SPECIAL MOMENT IN TIME.

Gybels: IN A TRADITIONAL FILM
CAMERA, THE LIGHT COMES IN,

IS CAPTURED THROUGH
A SMALL OPENING,

THEN PROJECTED THROUGH MIRRORS
AND LENSES ONTO A FILM SURFACE,

WHICH IS COATED WITH A
SUBSTANCE

THAT HAS LIGHT-SENSITIVE
MATERIAL IN IT.

SO, IT HAD TO BE DEVELOPED
BEFORE YOU COULD SHARE.

THERE WAS NO EASY WAY
OF THEN TRANSMITTING IT

IN ALMOST REAL TIME
TO SOMEBODY ELSE.

Narrator: WITH THE POPULARITY
OF
FILM CAMERAS FIRMLY
ESTABLISHED,

WHAT WAS THE NEED
FOR DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY?

THE ANSWER IS IN THE STARS.

THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH
OF THE SPUTNIK SATELLITE

BY THE RUSSIANS
IN OCTOBER 1957,

OPENS UP A NEW FRONTIER
IN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING.

SOON, U.S. AND RUSSIAN
SPY SATELLITES

EQUIPPED WITH FILM CAMERAS
ARE BEING LAUNCHED

TO KEEP AN EYE ON EACH OTHER
FROM A LOFTY PERCH OF SPACE.

IN THE EARLY DAYS
OF SPY SATELLITES,

THEY USED ACTUAL CAMERAS

WITH FILM ON BOARD
THE SATELLITE.

SO, NOW YOU HAVE THIS PROBLEM
OF
THE SATELLITE THAT SITS IN
ORBIT

AROUND THE EARTH CAN'T EASILY
BE BROUGHT BACK DOWN TO EARTH,

SO YOU NEED TO
GET THE FILM DOWN.

AND THEREFORE,
ALL KIND OF ELABORATE SCHEMES

WHEREBY THE FILM WENT INTO
A RE-ENTRY CAPSULE

THAT WAS THEN SHOT BACK DOWN,

IT CAME DOWN IN A PARACHUTE,

A PLANE CAME BY AND PICKED IT
UP
WITH A GRAPPLER HOOK.

THIS CREATES
ALL KINDS OF PRACTICAL

AND OTHER DIFFICULTIES.

Narrator: THIS COMPLICATED
SYSTEM NEEDED TO BE IMPROVED.

AND THE LAUNCH
OF THE $1 BILLION,

15-TON KH-11,
OR KEYHOLE CLASS SATELLITE,

IN 1976 SOLVES THIS ISSUE

WITH ITS AMAZING
DIGITAL CAMERA POWERED

BY A REVOLUTIONARY CCD,

A CHARGED-COUPLED DEVICE.

Gybels:
A CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE,

IT'S A SURFACE
THAT HAS A PROPERTY

THAT WHEN LIGHT FALLS ONTO IT,

IT GENERATES
AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE

THAT IS PROPORTIONAL
TO THE LIGHT

THAT FALLS ONTO THE SURFACE.

SO, BASICALLY, AN IMAGE,
A VISUAL IMAGE,

IS TRANSLATED INTO A SERIES
OF ELECTRICAL CHARGES.

THOSE ELECTRICAL CHARGES
CAN THEN BE TAKEN

INTO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

THAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED
TO A RECEIVER,

AND THEN THAT SIGNAL
CAN BE RE-TRANSLATED

INTO VISUAL POINTS
OF LIGHT ON A SCREEN

OR ANY OTHER FORM OF IMAGING.

Narrator:
THE 800x800 PIXEL CCD

ON BOARD THE KH-11 PROVIDES

A RESOLUTION OF 640,000 PIXELS.

THAT MEANS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT
CAN FOCUS ON AN OBJECT

AS SMALL AS 5 INCHES
FROM 200 MILES AWAY IN SPACE

AND BEAM ELECTRONIC VERSION
OF THE IMAGE

BACK TO EARTH INSTANTLY.

SO, THE MILITARY PROVES
THE CCD's WORTH,

BUT WHEN CCD-EQUIPPED
DIGITAL CAMERAS

HIT THE SHELVES IN THE 1990s,

THEIR HIGH COST LEADS
TO SLOW SALES.

ENTER THE COMPLEMENTARY
METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR,

OR CMOS SENSOR.

DEVELOPED AND REFINED
DURING THE LATE 1990s,

THE CMOS SENSOR CAPTURES
AN IMAGE

IN A SIMILAR WAY TO THE CCD,
BUT IS MADE USING

TRADITIONAL MICROCHIP-
MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES,

UNLIKE THE SPECIALIZED
AND EXPENSIVE CCD.

Gybels: CMOS REQUIRES LESS
POWER
THAN TRADITIONAL CCDs,

SO IT IS QUITE SUITABLE
FOR DEVICES LIKE MOBILE PHONES,

WHERE BATTERY POWER
COMES AT A PREMIUM.

AND FURTHERMORE,
THIS TECHNOLOGY'S VERY SIMILAR

TO OTHER COMPONENTS
ALREADY USED IN CAMERAS,

AND THEREFORE IT MAKES
FOR A CONVENIENT

AND ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE WAY
OF PRODUCING CAMERAS

FOR THINGS LIKE MOBILE PHONES
THAT ARE COMPACT,

DON'T REQUIRE A LOT OF POWER,

YET STILL HAVE GOOD-QUALITY
IMAGING PROPERTIES.

Narrator:
WITHIN THESE CLEVER SENSORS

POWERING THE CAMERAS
INSIDE OUR PHONES,

THE DIGITAL CAMERA IS NOW
PART OF OUR EVERYDAY LIVES,

AND IT'S GIVEN US
THE ABILITY TO CAPTURE

AND SHARE OUR EXPERIENCES
AS NEVER BEFORE.

A DEVICE INVENTED FOR SPYING,

BUT NOW USED FOR
THE OBLIGATORY SELFIE --

THE DIGITAL CAMERA --
TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.

HOW DO YOU TURN YOUR SMARTPHONE
INTO A POWERFUL MICROSCOPE?

FIND OUT WHEN WE RETURN.

Narrator: WE ARE FAMILIAR
WITH THE DIGITAL CAMERA

IN OUR MOBILE PHONES CAPTURING
EVERY DETAIL OF OUR LIVES.

BUT WHAT ABOUT FOCUSING
EVEN CLOSER ON OUR WORLD?

LET'S MAKE OUR MOBILE PHONE
INTO A MOBILE MICROSCOPE.

ALL WE NEED IS PLEXIGLASS,
WOOD, BOLTS, WASHERS,

A SMALL L.E.D. FLASHLIGHT,
AND A LASER POINTER.

NOTICE THE TINY LENS
AT THE FRONT OF YOUR PHONE.

WELL, THE SECRET IS
TO CHANGE ITS FOCAL PLANE,

THAT'S THE DISTANCE
FROM THE CAMERA

TO THE OBJECTS
IT'S FOCUSING ON,

BY PUTTING ANOTHER LENS
IN FRONT OF IT.

ENTER THE LASER POINTER.

WITH A LASER POINTER, YOU NEED
TO CONCENTRATE THE LASER LIGHTS

TO, WELL, A POINT,

AND THE FRONT OF THE POINTER
IS A TINY LENS

WHICH CONCENTRATES
LIGHT FAR GREATER

THAN OUR PHONE'S CAMERA.

CAREFULLY POP THE LENS
OUT OF THE POINTER,

AND BY FIXING IT IN FRONT
OF OUR PHONE'S LENS,

WE HAVE CREATED
A POWERFUL MICROSCOPE.

WELL, NOT QUITE.
THIS SETUP ALLOWS US

TO ZOOM INTO AN OBJECT
OVER 100 TIMES.

BUT AT THIS MAGNIFICATION,

HOLDING THE CAMERA BY HAND

IS GOING TO BE
A LITTLE TOO SHAKY.

THIS IS WHERE THE WOOD
AND BOLTS COME IN.

OUR TESTER CREATES A STAND

BY DRILLING THREE HOLES
IN A SQUARE PIECE OF WOOD.

THREE BOLTS ARE ADDED WITH NUTS
AND WASHERS SCREWED ON

TO KEEP THEM IN PLACE.

A SMALL SHEET OF PLEXIGLASS
HAS TWO HOLES MADE TO ALLOW IT

TO SIT ON THE FRONT TWO BOLTS

AND ACT AS A SHELF.

THREE HOLES ARE DRILLED
IN THE LARGER PLEXI SHEET.

AND IT IS THEN FIXED
ONTO THE TOP OF THE BOLTS

WITH SCREWS AND WASHERS.

A SMALL HOLE IS THEN DRILLED

INTO WHICH THE LASER LENS
IS CAREFULLY PLACED.

FINALLY, THE PHONE
IS CAREFULLY POSITIONED

ON TOP OF THE LASER LENS.

BUT WE NEED A SPECIMEN.
SO WHAT'S ON HAND?

AH, A HUMAN HAIR.

THIS IS PUT
ON THE SPECIMEN TRAY.

AND THE TRAY IS PLACED BETWEEN
THE TWO LAYERS OF PLEXIGLASS,

THEN CAREFULLY ADJUSTED
FOR FOCUS.

AND PRESTO -- WITH THE LED
LIGHT
ILLUMINATING THE SUBJECT,

THE BEAUTY OF THE HUMAN HAIR
CAN BE SEEN

IN ALL ITS CELLULAR GLORY
ON YOUR CELL PHONE.

SO POINT PROVED.

THE CMOS SENSOR INSIDE
YOUR PHONE

CAN EASILY BE UNLEASHED

AS AN AMAZING MICROSCOPE.

THE DIGITAL CAMERA --
TRULY AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.

COMING UP, HOW DOES AMAZING
MODERN TECHNOLOGY

HELP OUR WOUNDED WARRIORS?

Narrator: FOR CENTURIES,
BATTLES HAVE PRODUCED

SOME PRETTY GRISLY INJURIES.

JUST A GLANCE
AT ANY RECORD OF CONFLICT

FROM THE ANCIENT GREEKS
TO THE BAYEUX TAPESTRY

TO THE MODERN CONFLICTS
IN THE MIDDLE EAST

SHOWS THAT THE LOSS OF LIMBS

BY AX OR ARTILLERY
IS A REALITY.

MODERN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
MEAN A WOUNDED VETERAN

ISN'T CONDEMNED
TO A LIFE OF IMMOBILITY,

UNLIKE THEIR UNFORTUNATE
MEDIEVAL FOREBEARS.

HOWEVER, REPLACING A LOST LIMB
WITH A METAL OR WOOD ATTACHMENT

ISN'T AS NEW
AS YOU MIGHT THINK.

DATING BACK TO ANCIENT EGYPT,

A BODY HAS BEEN FOUND FITTED
WITH A WOODEN TOE.

Ghouze: IT WAS FOUND THAT IT
BELONGED TO A NOBLE WOMAN.

WITH IT BEING THE GREAT TOE,

I SUPPOSE IT WOULD HAVE GIVEN
HER SOME STABILITY TO WALK,

BUT PERHAPS, ALSO,
IT WOULD HAVE BEEN SOMETHING

THAT WOULD BE
OF COSMETIC USE TO HER.

Narrator: THE BIGGEST
ADVANCEMENTS IN PROSTHESIS,

HOWEVER, WOULD COME
AS A RESULT OF WORLD WAR II,

AND BY THE VIETNAM ERA,
THOUSANDS OF INJURED MEN

WERE GETTING A CHANCE
FOR A BETTER LIFE

VIA FITTED ALUMINUM LEGS.

AND THE VETERANS
FROM MORE RECENT CONFLICTS,

LIKE IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN

ARE WEARING
THE NEXT GENERATION STILL.

THE AMAZING TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCES IN PROSTHETICS

ARE ENCAPSULATED IN THIS C-LEG.

THE C-LEG IS
THE MOST RESEARCHED

MICROPROCESSOR-CONTROLLED
KNEE JOINT IN THE WORLD

AND HAS BEEN ON THE MARKET
FOR ALMOST 20 YEARS

AND HAS BECOME THE BEST-SELLING
MECHATRONIC KNEE JOINT

IN EVERY COUNTRY IT'S SOLD.

NOW MANUFACTURING
UP TO 5,000 C-LEGS A YEAR,

OTTOBOCK HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS
CONTINUE TO PRODUCE

THESE LIFE-ALTERING PROSTHETICS

AND SUPPLY THEM
TO THOSE IN NEED.

WALKING IS AND SHOULD BE
AN AUTOMATIC FUNCTION.

IN A BIOLOGICAL LEG,
NERVES ACTING AS SENSORS

SEND SIGNALS TO THE LEG MUSCLES
THAT THEN MOVE ACCORDINGLY.

THIS HAPPENS
UP TO 20 TIMES EVERY SECOND

IN WHAT IS KNOWN
AS A REFLEX LEAP.

IN THE C-LEG,
THE MICROPROCESSORS

REPLACE THE BODY SENSORS

WHILE THE HYDRAULICS REPLACE
THE MUSCLE FUNCTION.

HOWEVER, WHAT MAKES
THE C-LEG SO INTUITIVE

IS THE ALL-IMPORTANT
MICROPROCESSOR

THAT ACTS AS THE BRAINS
OF THE LEG,

CONTROLLING THE HYDRAULICS
BY THE SENORS

THAT ARE VITAL TO GAIT CONTROL.

THE MICROPROCESSOR SITS
AT THE TOP OF THE C-LEG,

JUST BELOW THE KNEE JOINT
INSIDE THIS ELECTRONIC COVER.

IT IS NOW TIME TO ASSEMBLE
THE HYDRAULIC UNIT.

THIS UNIT CONTROL'S
THE C-LEG'S VALVE POSITION

AND THE DAMPENING
FOR THE EXTENSION

AND FLEXION OF THE KNEE JOINT

BY REGULATING VALVES
FOR OIL FLOW.

MAGNETIC SENSORS ARE INSERTED
INTO THE HOLDER AND SOLDERED.

THE SERVER ELECTRONICS
ARE THEN INSERTED INTO THE
CASE.

AND THE PLUGS ARE
SOLDERED AND SECURED.

THE ENGINE OF THE C-LEG
IS THEN POSITIONED,

TESTED, AND ADJUSTED
ACCORDINGLY

BEFORE BEING GLUED
INTO THE CASE.

THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
OF THE C-LEG CONTINUES

WITH AN INSPECTION
OF THE LEG'S COATED FRAMES

FOR ANY MARKS OR DAMAGE.

DAMPER IS GLUED INTO
THE FRAME OF THE LEG

IN ORDER TO PREVENT
THE VARIOUS COMPONENTS WITHIN

FROM MOVING AND CLASHING
AGAINST THE FRAME

WHILE THE LEG IS USED.

THE SERIAL NUMBERS
OF EVERY COMPONENT

THAT MAKES UP THE C-LEG
ARE THEN RECORDED

TO ENSURE ACCURACY
BEFORE TESTING.

THE BATTERY OF THE C-LEG
IS ADDED

AS WELL AS A SLIDING COMPONENT

THAT IS USED TO MEASURE
THE KNEE ANGLE.

THE BEEPER THAT WILL SERVE
TO ALERT PATIENTS,

ALONG WITH A VIBRATION UNIT,

IS THEN INSERTED AND CONNECTED
TO THE MAIN ELECTRONICS.

ONCE THIS IS DONE, THE
MEASURING
FUNCTION OF THE ANGLE SENSOR

FOR THE C-LEG IS VERIFIED.

THE KNEE-ANGLE SENSOR
IS USED AS A WAY

OF MEASURING THE KNEE POSITION

AND OF CONTROLLING
THE PROSTHESIS.

THE JOINT IS TURNED ON
AND CONNECTED TO P.C. SOFTWARE

AND THEN BENT AND STRETCHED

FROM 1 TO 7 DEGREES
AND THEN TESTED.

THE RESULTS ARE RECORDED,
AND IF ALL TESTS ARE PASSED,

THE HYDRAULICS CAN THEN BE
BUILT INTO THE C-LEG.

EACH C-LEG HAS ITS OWN
TESTING PROTOCOL

ACCORDING TO EACH PATIENT'S
SPECIFIC NEEDS.

THE FINAL TESTING PROCESS
BEGINS WITH CONNECTING

THE JOINT TO A COMPUTER

AND THEN MANUALLY BENDING
AND STRETCHING THE JOINT.

THE C-LEG IS THEN MOUNTED
ONTO A WALKING SIMULATOR.

HERE, 1,000 STEPS ARE SIMULATED
FOR A PERIOD OF 20 MINUTES.

ONCE THE C-LEG HAS
UNDERGONE THE RIGOROUS

AND THOROUGH TESTING PROCESS
AND PASSED,

IT IS THEN PACKAGED ALONG WITH
THE INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR THE PATIENTS,
AND SHIPPED READY FOR USE.

IN MY OPINION, THE C-LEG
HASN'T CHANGED MY LIFE

BECAUSE I CAN DO WITH THE C-LEG
EVERYTHING I DID BEFORE.

I CAN GO MOTORCYCLE RIDING.

I CAN GO BICYCLING.
I CAN GO SKIING.

I CAN DO EVERYTHING I WANT.

Narrator:
USING STATE-OF-THE-ART
MATERIALS

AND RESEARCH THAT
CAN IMPROVE THE LIVES

OF THOSE THAT NEED THEM,

IT'S SAFE TO SAY
THAT THIS C-LEG

IS THE EPITOME
OF AN INCREDIBLE INVENTION.

SO, THERE YOU HAVE IT --
A GLANCE TO A HIDDEN HISTORY

AND SUPER SCIENCE
OF SOME AMAZING PRODUCTS

WE USE EVERY DAY

BUT HAVE NEVER REALIZED
THEIR FASCINATING BACKGROUNDS.

THE WRISTWATCH,
THE DIGITAL CAMERA,

AND THE PROSTHETIC LEG --

THEY MAY SEEM
COMMON AND ORDINARY.

HOWEVER, THESE PRODUCTS
HELPED CHANGE THE WORLD

ONE INCREDIBLE INVENTION
AT A TIME.