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Besides text,
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images are the most important content of any webpage,
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and so let's now learn how we can use images well,
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when to use images, and also what images to actually use.
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So essentially, we can use four different types of images,
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product photos, storytelling photos,
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illustrations, and patterns.
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And so let's now take a look at examples
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for each of these four types,
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and starting with product photos like these ones,
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they're, well, as the name says,
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to basically illustrate the product
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that you're trying to sell on your website,
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and that is true for physical projects
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and also for digital projects, of course,
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which many times are illustrated using some screenshots
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of that product.
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Now, just like before,
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I'm not gonna spend a ton of time
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on all of these examples, but instead,
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I want you to download these slides as a PDF
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and really study all the examples carefully by yourself.
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So that will really help you assimilate all this material.
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And so I hope that maybe you are even following that PDF
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as you go through the lecture, like at the same time.
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But anyway, now moving on to storytelling photos,
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these are basically photos
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that will help you convey the message of your website.
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So these photos don't show the product itself,
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but they might show someone using the product,
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or also anything else really
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that might somehow be related to the product or, again,
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to the message of your site.
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So for example, here on the left side,
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we have a person using a journal in this website
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that is trying to sell exactly those journals,
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or the one in the top right, which is about coaching,
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and so it shows the space
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where the coaching actually happens.
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So these are storytelling photos
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and they appear all the time on all kinds of websites,
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and I would actually say that they are
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the most important of the four.
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Now, next one, we have illustrations,
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which are getting more and more popular these days.
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And illustrations,
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as you can see here in these examples,
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can be made in many, many different styles
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and they're basically a more abstract way
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of doing storytelling.
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They can also add a lot of originality
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and personal style to the website
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and help to really bring out the website personality
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that you decided to use for your particular page.
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Now, these examples here are 2D illustrations,
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but there are also 3D illustrations,
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which are getting more and more popular.
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And so here we have a couple of examples of that as well.
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Now, finally, we also have patterns,
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which might be something like this.
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And as you can see in some of these examples,
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patterns might appear kind of as a background
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of entire sections,
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or they might also appear like behind images
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in order to add some interesting visual detail.
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So basically, these patterns can be used
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to add a little bit of creativity
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and visual detail to your pages,
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so to make them a little bit less boring,
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at least if you don't overuse them.
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So if you use a lot of patterns all over the place
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on your page,
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then that might look just like visual clutter, okay?
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So don't overdo it.
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Okay, and so these are the big four types of images
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that can usually be found on images.
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Now, what's important is that you should use these images
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in order to actually support the message
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and the story of your website.
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So a little bit
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like I have actually already been telling you.
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So what this also means
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is that you should only use relevant images to your project
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or to your service, so just like these.
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All of these here make a lot of sense, if you ask me,
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unlike these examples, for example.
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So like the one on the right here,
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like what does that have to do with a testimonial?
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There's not even a person in that image.
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Or here, in the bottom left,
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it says enabling breakthrough research,
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but what do the three people and a dog have to do with that?
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So sometimes images that we see on websites
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do not seem to make a lot of sense,
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and so this is something that you want to avoid to do.
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Now, what's also extremely important is that you should,
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whenever you can, use original images,
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so basically images that you take yourself,
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or that some professional photographer takes for you.
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So in this example here, very clearly,
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some professional photographer took this picture
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just for this site.
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Now, not always that is possible,
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especially because that requires to have some budget
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and then you can always use some good-looking stock images.
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So this I think is a good example
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of a high quality stock photo,
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which I took for free
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from one of the sites I will show you soon.
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And so this is the kind of image that you're looking for,
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not one of those generic ones.
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This one, for example,
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I think is also quite nice
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and also helps to deliver the message.
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But then you also have stock photos that look like this,
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and I'm sure we all have seen these kind of stock photos
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that look really generic and really cheap,
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and like really overused and bad.
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So images like these four,
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we all have seen them and they are terrible.
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You should never, never use images like this, okay?
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What matters is that your images look authentic and real,
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and not fake and overproduced like these ones,
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because users these days look a lot more for authenticity
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than for polish.
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So instead, you can use images from these websites here.
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And the one that, in my opinion, is the best is Unsplash.
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So you can get free images or illustrations
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from these four sites,
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which once again are part of our toolbox.
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All right, and this is basically when
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and what images you should use.
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Now let's learn how you can actually use images well.
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And one of the most important things of using images well
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is to show real people in your images
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in order to trigger users' emotions.
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So images like these, which again,
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show real people and not some fake, overproduced models.
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People want to connect with real people these days,
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and so you can use that for your advantage on your website.
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Next up is something that many people overlook somehow,
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which is that you can very simply crop your images
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in order to fit your message.
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Like in this example that I showed you before, right?
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With the Solar Development here,
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the original image was actually this big,
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but it was way too big,
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and so I simply cropped out everything that I didn't need
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and just placed there what was interesting for me.
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Another thing that you can try out is to combine photos,
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illustrations, and patterns to create interesting detail
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and some interesting effects, like these ones here.
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But now, moving on,
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you need to also learn about how to handle text on images.
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So that's another important skill that you need
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when you use images.
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And there are different ways of doing that,
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and the first one is to darken or brighten the image
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where the text is.
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So in this example,
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what they did was to simply darken the entire image
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on the left side,
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and so now the text became quite easy to read.
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So darkening the entire image is one of the techniques
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and the other one is to only darken it partially,
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and we can achieve that by using a gradient.
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So here, basically only the bottom part of the image
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has been darkened, and so now again,
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the text is actually quite easy to read,
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while on the right side, well, it is almost impossible,
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at least in the one on the right.
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So darkening or brightening the image is method number one
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of combining images with text,
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and it's also, I would say, the most popular one,
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but there's also another method,
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which is to position the text into a neutral image area,
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so just as we have it here.
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And in all these six,
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there is some area that is quite neutral.
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For example, there might be
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a continuous background color somewhere,
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and so that is a perfect place where we can put our text.
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We just need to be mindful about what happens
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when these images get smaller on a mobile screen,
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because then somehow the text might get overlaid
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with the rest of the image,
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so with a part of the image where we don't want it to be.
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Now, method number three is to simply put the text in a box,
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so just like here.
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That's also very simple to do and quite effective,
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especially if we add some opacity to the box,
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like here in the left example.
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That can many times work really nice.
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Now, finally, to finish up this lecture,
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we also need to talk about some technical details
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of actually using images.
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And the first thing here is that we need to account
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for high-resolution screens, such as smartphone screens,
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and screens in high-end laptops,
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such as Apple's Mac Books, or the Dell XPS.
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Now, to do that,
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we need to size our images so that their actual dimensions
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are twice as large as we want to display them in our layout.
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So let's say we want to display this image
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as 300 by 300 pixels.
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This means that we actually need the image file
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to be 600 by 600 pixels,
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so twice as many pixels as are displayed on the webpage.
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And we call this two X, or two times a scale factor.
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So a scale factor is simply
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the actual pixels the screen contains
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divided by the pixels represented on the screen
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for any element.
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On high-resolution screens,
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the scale factor is two X, or sometimes even three X,
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like on the very latest iPhones.
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Now, what this means is that for any pixel
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that we specify in our design, and that includes images,
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the screen actually uses two or three physical pixels
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to display that one pixels,
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and it works like this,
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because this will create a very crisp
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and high-resolution experience like you currently have
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on your own smartphone.
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Now, what I just explained to you here really just scratches
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the surface of how high-resolution,
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or high-density displays work,
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but it should be enough to understand
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the point of this rule.
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So you don't need to know the technical details,
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but you need to know the rule, okay?
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So anyway,
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this is the reason why we need to make our images twice
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as big as we want them to be displayed on the page.
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And again, it is because the high-resolution screen
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will actually use two pixels
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to show each pixel that we specify in CSS.
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Now, if we actually broke that rule,
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so if our original image was only 300 by 300,
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it would look something like this
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on a high-resolution screen.
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And of course that's not what we want.
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Now, on the other hand, on normal screens,
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there is no scale factor,
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which means that each physical screen pixel
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is equal to one pixel in our images.
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So remember that the image right now looks blurry
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on the high-resolution screen, right?
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But if we were to see this page on a normal screen,
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then everything would be fine.
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However, in order to account for all screens,
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we simply always make the image twice as large,
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which is exactly what the rule says.
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Now, this can create a problem of very large image files,
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which brings us to our next point.
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So another thing that you need to do
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is to always compress images for a lower file size
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and to achieve better load performance for your website.
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So there is this extremely handy tool here,
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which is called Squoosh, where for this example,
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I can reduce the file size by an incredible 96%.
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So the original had 3.18,
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which is terrible for any user to load, to 112 kilobytes,
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which is actually not a lot at all.
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So compressing all your images using a tool like this
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is extremely important if you care about your website users.
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So it is tempting to skip this point,
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but please don't do so, all right?
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Now, another technical detail really
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is that when you use multiple images side-by-side,
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you need to make sure
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that they have the exact same dimensions,
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because otherwise your design
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will look something like this here on the right side.
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So this doesn't look good at all, where the images,
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well, don't have the same height or the same width.
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Instead, before you place your images on a site,
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make sure they have the exact same dimensions,
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or at least the same aspect ratio.
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And that's actually all I had to tell you
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about using images.
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Now, this one, we will actually not implement in practice
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in the next lecture, because we didn't learn any new CSS,
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and also because we will actually do all of this
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in our big website project called Omnifood
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a little bit later.
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